Alexandria daily advertiser (Alexandria [Va.]), 1807-08-25 00:00:00

Alexandria Daily Advertiser.
TUESDAY, AUGUST 25, 1807.
[No. 2001.]
Vol. VII.]
SALES AT VENDUE. On every Tuesday and Friday, WILL BE SOLD, AT THE VENDUE STORE, Corner of Prince and Water streets, A variety of Dry Goods, Groceries, &c. Particulars of which will be expressed in the bills of the day. ALL kinds of goods which are on hand and the prices of which are established, at any time be viewed and purchased at the lowest limitation and prices.
FOR SALE, 20 hds. South-west Mountain TOBACCO, Selected for the West-India market. ALSO, 1 pipe London Bill Wine, 1 half pipe excellent quality. 4 gr. cases Wm. Hodgson. July 24.
Twenty thousand lbs. Porto Rico Green Coffee and St. Croix Sugars, received per sebr. Fletcher and Biley, from St. Thomas— For sale by R. Veitch and Co. or C. Powell. July 24.
FOR SALE, BY LEWIS DEBLOIS, An assortment of BROAD CLOTHS, from seven to eighteen shillings sterling cost— part of them entitled to drawback. Ravens Duck. French Brandy. Catalonia Wine, in half pipes and quarter- casks. New-England Rum, in barrels. Cod-fish, and Stone Lime. May 7.
Public Sale. Pursuant to the last will and testament of Cap- tain John Harper, deceased, will be sold, to the highest bidder, at public auction, at one o'clock, at the COFFEE-HOUSE, on THURSDAY, the 27th instant, the follow- ing
Very valuable Property IN THE TOWN OF ALEXANDRIA, viz. ONE piece of ground lying on the south side of Franklin-street, and on the west side of Potomac-street, beginning at the in- tersection of the said streets, being one hun- dred and twenty-five feet to the eastward of Water, and running westwardly with Frank- lin-street thirty-two feet six inches, from thence southwardly eighty-eight feet three inches and one half. One other piece lying on the west side of Union-street, and to the southward of Frank- lin-street, beginning on Union-street one hun- dred and seventy-six feet seven inches to the southward of Franklin-street, and running northwardly with Union-street 88 feet 3 inches and an half, thence westwardly 62 feet 6 inches—Also one half acre of ground lying at the intersection of Royal and Gibbon- streets.
Mary Harper, Exec. Wm. Hartshorne, Samuel Craig, Wm. Herbert, August 13.
Twenty-five Dollars Reward. ANYONE, sometime in the months of No- vember or December last;
A NEGRO MAN by the name of SAM, who was hired in the town of Alexan- dria to a Mr. Robert Smith. He was about 30 years of age, about 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, very straight, of rather a yellowish or ta- ney complexion, stutters a little, has a soft voice, and generally seems humble and timid when spoken to. He had a wife at Col. Jem- meson's, in the county of Caroline, and may perhaps now be lurking in that neighborhood, but I think it more probable he may have gone to the state of Maryland.—If he is taken to the state of Virginia and brought to me I will give the above reward; if in the state of Maryland and brought to me I will give Three Dollars reward.
Baldwin M. Lee. Virginia, Westmoreland county, July 24. [30]
FOR BOSTON, The Brig HARMONY, ROBERT HENRY master. A fine fast sailing vessel, commodious for passengers—Six hundred barrels will be tak- en on freight. Apply to JOHN G. LADD. Who has received per said brig a few half pipes.
Choice Old Port Wine. Also, per brig Ruth, a quantity of New Rum in barrels & hogsheads. Aug. 19.
For Freight or Charter, The SHIP COMMERCE, Capt. JAMES CROUCHILL, A stout fine vessel, sails well, about 2400 barrels burthen, and ready to take a cargo on board. William Hodgson. July 20.
For Amsterdam (direct) The Ship ALEXANDRIA, Capt. WESTON. For freight of one hundred and twenty hlds. tobacco, and coffee in bags, or bbls. Apply to Lawrason & Fowle, Alexandria or, Washington Bowie, Georgetown. July 23.
JUST RECEIVED, Per schooner Patty from Portsmouth, AND FOR SALE BY Lawrason & Fowle, 50 tons PLAISTER 100 boxes SOAP 50 boxes Mould and Dipped CANDLES 20 barrels MACKAREL, and 200 boxes Nova Scotia HERRINGS. August 8.
WANTED, A MILLER who is master of his business, to take care of a merchant mill.— To such a one good wages will be given.— For the person who wants, please apply to Mr. Joseph Smith, Alexandria. March 17.
JAMES BACON, At his GROCERY STORE, on King-street, has in addition to his former stock, added A fresh Supply of Genuine Articles in the Grocery Line; Which makes his assortment complete. He now offers for sale, on his usual low terms, Muscovado Sugars, of various qua- lities, Leaf and Lump ditto, Gunpowder, Imperial, Hyson, Young Hyson, Hyson-Skin, and Souchong Best green Coffee, Chocolate, of a superior quality Madeira, Buselles, Sherry, Lisbon, Teneriffe, Malaga, and Genuine old Port TEAS, particularly selected for family use. WINE.
Cognac and Bourdeaux Brandy, Old Jamaica Spirit, for family use, Antigua, St. Croix, St. Vincents, and New England Rum, Holland Gin, Irish and country Whisky, Molasses, Wine, and Cider Vinegar, Stoughton's Bitters, Mace, nutmegs, cloves, cassia, pimento, Cayenne and black pepper, race and ground ginger, basket salt for table use, pearl barley, rice, starch, fig blue, soap, mould, dipt and spermaceti candles, refined salt-petre, flout indigo, allum, copperas, madder, brimstone, spinning cotton, patent shot all sizes, best English and country made gunpowder, segars, and smoking tobacco, very best chewing tobacco. Hamilton and Leiper's snuff, Hunter's pipes in boxes. London mustard, warranted of a superior quality, Dixon's best ditto, wrapping paper demijohn's, &c. &c. with generally every article in his line—the whole of which have been selected with care, and will be disposed of on the very lowest terms.
WANTED, A WET NURSE. Enquire of the Printer. August 21.
Just Received, By the brig Louisa, John Macnamara, master, from Madeira, and for sale by the subscriber, 7 pipes and 12 quarter casks prime Lon- don particular WINE, of the brand of Scott & Co. fit for immediate use. James Patton. August 21.
ALSO, Bills on London for Sale, Drawn by J. P.
FOR BOSTON, The Brig MARY, ROBERT B. HALL, Master; Will sail in a few days, and will take a few hundred barrels on freight if immediate applica- tion is made to Lawrason and Fowle— Who have for Sale, The CARGO of said Brig, Consisting of 112 tons plaster Paris; 20 pipes Holland gin, of a superior quality; 150 boxes brown soap; 20 ditto chocolate.
IN STORE, 10 bales Beerboom gurrahs; 15 chests im- perial and hyson teas; 20 hds. and 30 bar- rels N. E. rum; 5 pipes French brandy; 10 do. Holland gin; 1 pipe Madeira and 30 cases claret wine; 20 hds. retailing mo- lasses; 5 bags and 60 barrels Muscovado clayed sugars; 6 casks superior oil; 16 box- es spermaceti; 150 do. mould, and 50 do. dipt candles; 150 do. brown soap; 100 ditto chocolate; 40 ditto cod-fish; a few quintals ditto, suitable for family use; 150 boxes herrings; 2 casks English sewing twine; 1 case cotton and wool cards; 50 kegs Bellona gunpowder, and a quantity of cheese. August 21.
LANDING, From on board the brig Louisa, from MA- DEIRA, AND FOR SALE, 4 pipes 8 hds. 8 quarter-casks, } Choice Madeira Wine, Shipped by Messrs Murdoch, Yuille, Ward- rop and Co. Of the same quality as they have for some years past sent to Judge Washing- ton and others for their own use, and which is deemed very superior. William Hodgson. August 20.
JAMES SANDERSON Offers for Sale, on moderate terms, 5000 lbs. best Green Coffee 10 tierces fresh Rice 20 kegs fresh Raisins 12 tierces green Copperas 5 pipes Cogniac Brandy 10 hds. 4th proof Jamaica 20 barrels N. E. Rum 25 barrels Whiskey 10 bales Cotton 5 boxes Cotton and W.C. Cards 12 boxes Tin Plates. AND IN STORE, 26 hds. south Potomac Tobacco. May 11.
Public Sale. WILL be sold, at public sale, for ready money, on the premises, on Wednes- day the 12th of August next, the estate call- ed CLIFTON on Panther-Skin in Loudoun county, consisting of 205 acres of land, on which was formerly erected a merchant and saw mill, distillery, &c. or so much thereof as will be sufficient to raise 1600$ and the costs of suit, to satisfy Joseph Tidball. This sale is made pursuant to a decree of the county court of Loudoun, at which time and place due attendance will be given by The Commissioners. July 13. [21]
THE badness of the weather on Wednesday last, prevented a sale of the above property on that day as ad- vertised. It will again be offered for sale on the 12th of September next, at the same place and upon the same terms as above. The Commissioners. August 19.
THE Water-street Academy Establish- ment for Sale.
If the subscriber can dispose of his Establishment, he proposes to leave Alexandria; therefore a good English teacher, for a moderate sum, on application to him between this and the first of September next, may immediately enter into a school the most completely situated and the best calculated to teach with ease and facility of any in the place, and which has, for many years, been worth from eight to twelve hundred dol- lars per year, and now has upwards of forty scholars. If it is not disposed of within the above limited time it is more than probable it will not be disposed of at all but continued. Jonathan Foster. August 21. otw aown The payment will be made very easy to the purchaser.
IN COMMON COUNCIL, 21st AUGUST, 1807.
ORDERED, THAT Abraham Faw, Adam Lynn, and William Rhodes, be appointed commis- sioners to hold an election at John Hodgkin's tavern, on the first day of September next, for the purpose of electing a member of the common council for ward No. 3, in place of Phineas Janney, resigned. Test. (31) JAS. M. M'REA, C. C.
Complete sets of SALMA- GUNDI as far as published, or a- ny number to complete broken sets, may be had of R. GRAY, Bookseller, King Street August 14.
Joseph Mandeville, Corner of KING and FAIRFAX-STREETS, ALEXANDRIA: HAS FOR SALE, An assortment of WINES, LI- QUORS, GROCERIES, &c. Consisting of
MADEIRA } Port } Sherry } Lisbon } Malaga } Teneriffe & } Corsica } WINE.
Old St. Estephe Medoc laret, in cases of one dozen A few dozen fine old frontinac Ditto do. best wine bitters Jamaica and West-India rum New-England do. Cogniac, Bourdeaux and Naples brandy Holland and country gin Schiedam gin in cases Irish whiskey, very old 70 barrels Pennsylvania rye whiskey Cider in barrels White wine and Cider vinegar Florence oil in flasks 2 hogsheads Havanna honey 15 do. choice retailing molasses
Gunpowder } Imperial } Hyson } Young Hyson } Hyson-Skin and } Souchong } TEAS of good quality.
Muscovado sugars, different qualities Bengal white do. Loaf and lump sugars, Philadelphia, Bal- timore and Alexandria. Leiper's, Garrett's, and Hamilton's snuff in bottles and bladders. Macuba and rapee do. Clover-seed, (Penn. warranted) Mace; nutmegs; cloves; cassia; pimen- to; pepper; ginger, race and ground; Cay- enne pepper; refined salt-petre. Coffee; chocolate; rice; pearl barley; London and Philadelphia mustard; basket salt; starch; fig blue; flout indigo; Geor- gia and Tennessee cotton; flax; wool; mad- der; copperas; allum; brimstone; chalk; pipes in boxes; wrapping paper and twine; traces; bed cords; leading lines; demijohns; gin cases; patent shot; brandy wine gunpow- der; Harvey's gunpowder, [the only real Bri- tish battle powder] from F to treble sealed; chewing tobacco; best Havanna segars. Muscate and bloom raisins in boxes. Sun raisins in casks. Zante currants; prunes; soft shelled al- monds. A few boxes excellent pickles, each one dozen bottles assorted; capers, olives and n- chovies, for sale by the box. A quantity of clean good allum salt suitable for the fishery, &c. &c. March 19.

TRIAL
OF COLONEL A. BURR.
Continued by adjournment and held at the Capitol in the Hall of the house of Delegates, for High Treason against the U. States.
MONDAY, August 17.
Present JOHN MARSHALL, chief Justice of the United States.
Charles Lee, Esq. appeared as counsel for the prisoner.
Mr. Bennett of Mason county, a witness on behalf of the United States, was called and recognized.
Mr. Hay stated some little difficulties which had occurred between Mr. Bouts & himself. He had furnished the prisoner with a list of the names of such witnesses, with their places of residence; which had been in his possession. He had likewise proposed and Mr. Bouts had consented, that all such witnesses should be examined whose names should be furnished to the prisoner before the commencement of the trial. He had furnished the names of three on Saturday, viz. Messrs. Neil, Goodwin and Jones; which Mr. Bouts did not think ought to be accepted, because they were not furnished previous to the trial. For his own part, he did not think that the trial could be said to have commenced before the jury were sworn and impanelled.
Mr. Bouts denied the existence of any such agreement between Mr. Hay and himself; and entered into a long statement to show that Mr. Hay was mistaken. For the truth of his assertions he appealed to the record of the court. However he would agree as a matter of voluntary motion and grace to the introduction of these three witnesses.
Mr. Hay solemnly expressed his belief in the accuracy of his statements; but as he was at liberty to introduce these three witnesses, he would let the subject rest where it was at present.
The name of the selected jurors and of the venire were then called over. After which John M. Sheppard and Richard Card were selected to complete the panel and sworn.
The following is therefore a complete list of the Petit Jury:
Edward Carrington, Reuben Blakey, David Lambert, Benjamin Graves, Richard E. Parker, Miles Batts, Hugh Mercer, Henry Coleman, Christopher Anthony, John M. Sheppard, James Sheppard, Richard Card.
Proclamation then having been made in due form, the prisoner standing up; the clerk read the copy of the indictment, and afterwards addressed the jury in the usual form.
VIRGINIA DISTRICT.
In the Circuit Court of the United States of America, in and for the fifth Circuit and Virginia District.
The Grand Inquest of the United States of America, for the Virginia district, upon their oath, do present, that AARON BURR, late of the city of New York and state of New York, attorney at law, being an inhabitant and residing within the U. S. & under the protection of the laws of the U. S. & owing allegiance and fidelity to the same U. S. not having the fear of God before his eyes, nor weighing the duty of his said allegiance, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the Devil, wickedly devising and intending the peace and tranquility of the said U. S. to disturb and to stir, move and excite insurrection, rebellion and war against the said U. S. on the tenth day of December, in the year of Christ one thousand eight hundred and six, at a certain place called and known by the name of Blannerhasset's island, in the county of Wood and district of Virginia aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this court, with force and arms, unlawfully, falsely, maliciously and traitorously, did compass, imagine and intend to raise and levy war, insurrection and rebellion against the said U. S.; and in order to fulfil and bring to effect the said traitorous compassings, imaginations and intentions of him the said Aaron Burr, he the said Aaron Burr afterwards, to wit: on the said tenth day of December, in the year one thousand eight hundred and six, aforesaid, at the said island, called Blannerhasset's island, as aforesaid, in the county of Wood aforesaid, in the district of Virginia aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this court, with a great multitude of persons whose names at present are unknown to the Grand Inquest aforesaid, to a great number, to wit: to the number of thirty persons and upwards, armed and arrayed in a warlike manner, that is to say, with
guas, swords and dirks, and other warlike weapons; as well offensive as defensive, being then and there unlawfully, maliciously and traitorously assembled and gathered together, did falsely and traitorously assemble and join themselves together against the said U. S. and then and there with force and arms did falsely and traitorously array and dispose themselves against the U. S. and then and there, that is to say, on the day and the year aforesaid, at the island aforesaid, commonly called Blannerhasset's island, in the county aforesaid of Wood, within the Virginia district and the jurisdiction of this court, in pursuance of such their traitorous intentions and purposes aforesaid, he the said Aaron Burr, with the said persons so as aforesaid, traitorously assembled and armed and arrayed in manner aforesaid, most wickedly, maliciously and traitorously did ordain, prepare and levy war against the said U. S. contrary to the duty of their said allegiance and fidelity, against the constitution, peace and dignity of the said U. S. and against the form of the act of the congress of the said U. S. in such case made and provided.
And the grand inquest of the United States of America for the Virginia district, upon their oaths aforesaid, do further present, that the said Aaron Burr late of the city of New York, and state of New York, attorney at law, being an inhabitant of, and residing within the United States and owing allegiance and fidelity to the same U. States, not having the fear of god before his eyes nor weighing the duty of his said allegiance, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the devil, wickedly devising and intending the peace and tranquility of the said U. S. to disturb and to stir, move and excite insurrection, rebellion and war against the said U. S. on the eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and six, at a certain place called and known by the name of Blannerhasset's island, in the county of Wood and district of Virginia aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this court, with force and arms unlawfully, falsely, maliciously and traitorously did compass, imagine and intend to raise and levy war, insurrection and rebellion against the said U. S. and in order to fulfil and bring to effect the said traitorous compassings, imaginations and intentions of him the said A. Burr, he the said A. Burr afterwards, to wit, on the said last mentioned day of December in the year one thousand eight hundred and six aforesaid, at a certain place commonly called and known by the name of Blannerhasset's island, in the said county of Wood, in the district of Virginia aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this court, with one other great multitude of persons, whose names at present are unknown to the grand inquest aforesaid, to a great number, to wit, to the number of thirty persons and upwards, armed and arrayed in a warlike manner, that is to say, with guns, swords and dirks, and other warlike weapons, as well offensive as defensive; being then and there unlawfully, maliciously and traitorously assembled and gathered together, did falsely and traitorously assemble and join themselves together against the said U. S. and then and there with force of arms did falsely and traitorously and in a warlike and hostile manner array and dispose themselves against the said United States, and then and there, that is to say, on the day and in the year last mentioned at the island aforesaid and in the county of Wood aforesaid, in the Virginia district and within the jurisdiction of this court, in pursuance of such their traitorous intentions & purposes aforesaid, he the said Aaron Burr with the said persons so as aforesaid, traitorously assembled and armed & arranged in manner aforesaid, most wickedly, maliciously and traitorously, did ordain, prepare and levy war against the said United States, & further to fulfil and carry into effect the said traitorous compassings, imaginations and intentions of him the said Aaron Burr against the said United States, and to carry on the war, thus levied as aforesaid against the said United States he the said Aaron Burr, with the multitude last mentioned at the island aforesaid, in the said county of Wood within the Virginia district aforesaid, and within the jurisdiction of this court, did array themselves in a warlike manner, with guns and other weapons, offensive and defensive, and did proceed from the said island down the river Ohio in the county aforesaid, within the Virginia district and within the jurisdiction of this court, on the said eleventh day of December, in the year one thousand eight hundred and six aforesaid, with the wicked and traitorous intention to descend the said river and the river Mississippi,
and by force of arms traitorously to take possession of a city commonly called New Orleans, in the territory of Orleans, belonging to the United States; contrary to the duty of their said allegiance and fidelity, against the constitution peace and dignity of the said U. S. and against the form of the act of the congress of the said U. S. in such case made and provided.
HAY, Attorney of the United States for the Virginia district.
Endorsed, "A true bill—John Randolph."
A copy.
Wm. MARSHALL, clk.
Mr. HAY then rose to open the case, on the part of the prosecution.
May it please the court and you gentlemen of the jury:
In the preliminary stages of the prosecution, in which we are now engaged, many observations were made extremely derogatory to the government under which we live and injurious to the feelings of the counsel employed in the prosecution. It was said among other things that we had indulged an intemperate zeal which transgressed the limits of reason and humanity; that we were solicitous to convict the prisoner, whether innocent or guilty, and to deprive him of all the proper means necessary to his defence.—I know not, gentlemen of the jury, whether this charge has reached your ears; or if it has whether it has made any serious impressions upon your minds; but if it had it is my duty to efface them. But by what means? By professions of candor and of liberality which are easily made and as easily forgotten. No. I shall prove the injustice of this charge by the course and conduct of the prosecution. We have arrived at a most serious crisis in this enquiry, on whose result the life of a man and of a fellow citizen, who once stood high in the estimation of his country must certainly depend. It is alledged to be forfeited to the violated laws and justice of his country. It is my duty to support that allegation; but I shall support it only by facts which I believe to be true, and by arguments which have produced my own conviction.
The prisoner at the bar is charged with treason, in levying war against the United States.—To this charge he has pleaded not guilty. It is your solemn duty to decide upon the validity of this plea, and you have sworn to decide it upon facts alone. If you attend to the obligation of your oath, any admonitions from me will be unnecessary. You will divest your minds of every bias, of all extraneous rumours or political prepossessions. You will enter upon the case with candor, and with a firm determination to do justice between the U. States and Aaron Burr. If after patient investigation of the evidence which the importance of the case requires, you should doubt whether he is guilty, you must decide that he is not.—Such is the language of the law and such the dictate of common sense. If you doubt you must declare him to be innocent. But there is one distinction which I have heard from the lips of jurymen, which seems to me to be a distinction without a difference, and to be founded in folly and in wickedness. I have heard them declare that though as individuals they might be satisfied of the guilt of the prisoner, as men they were not. This is a fallacy. I can conceive that a jurymen may entertain a belief founded on what he has heard out of doors, which is not warranted by the legal evidence before him; but if he once believes, from the evidence, that the prisoner has committed the crime alledged, he is then guilty of treachery to himself, his country, and to his God, if he does not pronounce that belief.
The indictment before you consists of two counts. The first charges the prisoner with levying war on Blannerhasset's island: The second repeats the charge in substance, with this addition, that in order to levy it more effectually, the prisoner had descended the Ohio and the Mississippi with an armed force for the purpose of taking possession of New Orleans. If either of those charges be supported by adequate evidence, you must find the prisoner guilty.
In Great Britain, there are no less than ten different species of treason; at least it was so when Blackstone wrote. Perhaps the catalogue has been since increased. But in this country there are only two descriptions which are defined by the constitution itself; so that it is beyond the power of the legislature to increase the list, however important they might consider each an augmentation. By the 3d sect. of the 3d act of the constitution of the U. States, "Treason against the U. States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort."
Of the last description of treason it is unnecessary to say any thing, as the offence charged in the indictment is "levying war against" the U. States. This offence being thus constitutionally defined, the only question at this stage of the enquiry is, what shall constitute an overt act of levying war against the U. S.
It is obvious that the interval between the first movements of a treasonable conspiracy and actual hostilities is immense. There may be a conspiracy to levy war, but this is not treason. They may advance a step further. They may not only project a plan for levying war, but they may proceed to levy troops; but this is not an overt act of treason. It has even been adjudged by the supreme court of the U. States that the concerned persons may proceed one step further; the separate individuals may proceed to a place of rendezvous; and yet remain on the safe side of the line of treason. But, gentlemen, common sense and principles founded on considerations of national safety, obviously require that the crime of treason should be declared to be complete, before the commission of actual hostilities against the government. If any hostilities must be committed, what is the consequence?—Why, that a man may take his steps until he is sufficiently strong to laugh at all your definitions of treason. He will not strike a blow; he will not commence actual hostilities, until he is prepared to give efficacy to that blow and to bid defiance to your government. Where then is the point at which a treasonable conspiracy shall be said to have arrived at its maturity? I answer, when there is an assemblage of men convened for the purpose of effecting by force a treasonable design; which force is intended to be employed before their dispersion. The answer which I now give is not literally, but is substantially the same with that furnished by the supreme court of the U. S. and is given in conformity to what I understand to be the spirit of the decision. In the opinion of that court delivered by the chief justice on the cases of Bollman and Swartwout, there occur the following expressions: "It is not the intention of the court to say, that no individual can be guilty of this crime who has not appeared in arms against his country. On the contrary, if war be actually levied, that is, if a body of men be actually assembled for the purpose of effecting by force, a treasonable purpose, all those who perform any part, however minute or however remote from the scene of action, and who are actually leagued in the general conspiracy, are to be considered as traitors." If war then be actually levied, in this manner, every person concerned is to be considered as a traitor. The same idea is expressed in ten or fifteen other parts of this decision. "To complete the crime of levying war against the United States, there must be an actual assemblage of men for the purpose of executing a treasonable design." And again "In the case now before the court, a design to overthrow the government of the U. S. at New Orleans by force, would have been unquestionably a design, which, if carried into execution, would have been treason, and the assemblage of a body of men for the purpose of carrying into execution, would amount to levying war against the United States; but no conspiracy for this object, no enlisting of men to effect it, would be an actual levying of war." If then according to this definition, the accused and his associates had assembled together to attack New Orleans and separate it from the Union, though no actual force had been used, though no battle had been fought, they would have been guilty of treason. The same idea also occurs in these passages. "It cannot be necessary that the whole army should be assembled and that the various parts which are to compose it should have combined. But it is necessary that there should be an actual assemblage." "The meeting of particular bodies of men and their marching from places of partial to places of general rendezvous would be such an assemblage." It seems to me then, that I am warranted in the answer which I have given, by the solemn decision of this supreme tribunal. Perhaps, gentlemen, in opening this case, I may occupy more of your time than you may think necessary. But you must excuse me. Justice to the accused requires, that I should freely communicate the grounds on which this accusation is to be maintained; that the counsel on the other side may prepare for his defence.
It is necessary for me to state my reasons, for having omitted two circumstances in this definition of levying of war, which the counsel for the prisoner may perhaps consider as essential parts of military weapons; I have taken no notice of military weapons; nor have I introduced the employment of

any actual force, or any violence or hostility to effect the unreasonable design. I have stated neither of these circumstances, because I think neither of them essential according to the constitution and laws of this country.
On the first point I shall offer but a few observations. Before satisfying you of the legal propriety of this omission, permit me to state the question on the principles of common sense. It is true that it does not always happen in legal discussions, that this principle is consulted from the beginning to the end; but in many cases this disrespect is most unhappily practised. Instead then of considering this question as it would be presented to us by lawyers and by judges, let us view it on the sound principles of common sense and national policy. It is not necessary that the men should have arms in their hands to make them traitors. The act of treason might be completed, and not even a single gun or even a pen-knife be employed in the transaction. Suppose a case. There was a time, when 10,000 stands of arms were deposited under the roof of this capital. Suppose that 5 or 10,000 unarmed men had assembled within a few miles of this city, with a pre-concerted design of marching to the capital, seizing upon the arms, dispersing the legislature, and usurping the powers of the government. Let us suppose, which is a very difficult supposition, that the cavalry and the infantry of this city were to gird on their armor, and resolve to disperse these men, before they could execute their treasonable intentions. They arm; they march; and the conspirators, conscious of their abominable guilt, fly in all directions at the approach of our volunteers. Will any one say, that these men are not traitors to their country? Or suppose that any number of individuals were to assemble at Blannerhasset's island. We will suppose, that they had no arms, although, I do not believe that such was the fact. They intend to descend the Ohio & Mississippi to seize upon New Orleans, calculating to meet their leader at the mouth of Cumberland river, and receiving arms from the Spanish minister at Baton Rouge. Would the simple circumstance of being unarmed produce any difference in their guilt? And would it not be an absurdity to say, that the moment after arms have been put into their hands they are traitors, but that they were not the moment before? The supreme court have given a correct opinion on this subject, when in one passage they are silent as to the possession of arms, and in another, if I am not mistaken, they have expressly disclaimed it. If this point were not to be determined in this way, what would be the consequence? That conspirators would take care never to touch their arms, until they were ready to strike their blow. They would have military weapons placed within their reach; but they would not once venture to touch them before their organization should be completed. On the principles of common sense then, it is not necessary that they should have arms to consummate the overt act of treason. And what says the law? In the case decided by the supreme court, you will not find a single allusion as to the necessity of arms being in the hands of the conspirators. And in the case of Fries, p. 167, this subject has been particularly mentioned, and my opinion, embraced by one of the judges of the United States (Judge Chase). It is remarkable too, in this case, that the same principle is conceded by the counsel for the defendant (Mr. Dallas) whose opinion is certainly no authority with you on this occasion; but it carries along with it the strong presumption that the law was against him, page 163.
In Great-Britain there is a statute, which was passed many years ago, in the 25th year of the reign of Edward the 3d, which describes treason in the very identical words of our constitution. This statute makes "levying war" against the king to be treason. Now, when the framers of our own constitution, many of them great lawyers too, have chosen to define treason in the very same words which had been so often in use, so often the subject of discussion and adjudication; it is certainly a fair presumption that they were to be used in the same sense which is annexed to them in England. An observation of a very able judge of the court of the United States amply confirms this remark. Fries's trial p. 167. I beg the jury to believe, that my only purpose for referring to the English law, is to show that the decision of the supreme court on this subject is no innovation, not a new doctrine, but is an exact counterpart of the English authorities. To prove this position, I will refer to Foster, p. 238, where he declares that there may be treason, that is, "levying war" against the country, without the presence of arms; and that the only question is, the quo animo , with which the thing is done; if it be to effect some treasonable plot. This opinion
of Judge Foster is quoted in East's Reports, v. 1, p. 67, who approves its spirit, and thinks that arms and military array are not essential to treason. I have entered into this tedious investigation of this point, though it did not seem to me to be necessary, because our own courts have, in words too plain to deceive mortal man, pronounced that a bare assembly of men was sufficient; and because the persons assembled at Blannerhasset's island, were actually armed for offensive as well as defensive purposes. It is to you, gentlemen of the jury, I must submit, how far I have succeeded in justifying the propriety of my having omitted "arms" in the definition of treason. (Mr. Hays's Speech to be continued.)
BY THIS DAY'S MAIL.
BOSTON, August 19. Letters from Holland, though they mention the absence of the king and queen of that kingdom, make no mention of the abdication of the crown. The government is executed by the ministers. The health of the king has never been good; and he has gone into Piedmont, to take the waters for his recovery. The queen has been with her mother the empress Josephine, in Paris, but has lately sat out for the waters of the Bagoares near the foot of the Pyrenees. The accounts, via Europe, of a revolt of the Spaniards at Buenos Ayres, in March last, and of their having declared themselves an independent nation, we are enabled to state, on the authority of advice from the river Plata of dates two months later, are wholly unfounded. Prince Jerome Bonaparte is to be created grand duke of Hanover. Admiral Holloway is appointed commander in chief and governor of the British colony of Newfoundland. He is to come out in the Isis, of 50 guns, captain Langhorne. Sir Erasmus Gower is now on the station.
Alexandria Daily Advertiser.
TUESDAY, AUGUST 25.
The following candid, liberal and highly honorable concessions of Mr. Mitchell, an editor, who for several years has conducted a village democratic newspaper in this state (and certainly with more of learning and talents than any other democratic editor) will be received with satisfaction by the federal party, and will cause those of the more moderate and considerate among their opponents to pause and reflect.
The article is entitled "Federal Influence." On this subject Mr. M. expresses himself thus: [N. Y. E. P.]
Let us for a moment, consider wherein consists this imminent danger of admitting federalists to a due share of influence in our state and national councils. In the first place, then, the great body of federalists are Americans, who pride themselves as much on national character as do the republicans, and including the different sections of the republican party, it comprises more of European emigration than does the federal party. Hence there is greater danger of the prevalence of foreign influence in the politics of the republican, than in those of the federal party.
Next I would inquire, and I request every republican candidly to make the same inquiry, whether federalists are not in reality the friends of their country? Are they not as sincerely and as ardently attached to its happiness and welfare as are the republicans? To convince ourselves of this, let us examine characters under our immediate notice. Have we not federal neighbors and federal friends, in whose hands we would be willing to entrust our most important private concerns? And are such men improper persons to be entrusted with the interests of our country? There are yet some leading federalists whom the rage of party has not removed from exalted and responsible office; do these not fill their stations with dignity, usefulness, and patriotic integrity? Would it not be dangerous to displace them for the elevation of characters less qualified, less competent to discharge official duties? It has been said that the federalists are in the interest of the British government. Recent events have proved this assertion a calumny. Who, on the subject of the late British aggression, have held a stronger language of disapprobation; who, on the occasion, have rallied around the standard of their country with more zeal and ardor than the federalists? Is this not sufficient evidence that they are not in the British interest? and no other interest has it been pretended that they are attached to.
The time has been when it was supposed that a British and a French influence pre-
vailed in this country. That time has long been past, and the American people, not blinded by prejudice, or infatuated by ambition, now see the necessity of guarding against the introduction of every species of foreign influence into the politics of their own country.
I shall leave it then for the judicious, the temperate, and the discerning politician to decide, whether both policy and justice do not demand that federalists should be admitted to a due participation in the affairs of government? Does not our country want their talents in her councils? And in case of war could she dispense with their services? Should this country be involved in vigorous war, alas! how would the bawling, blustering, brave fellows who now dash on the high boards of politics, and swagger, and talk big about battles and blood, how would they wilt and wither away, when called to defend their country's honor, 'even in the cannon's mouth!' Then would danger compel us to turn to those on whose ability, experience and bravery, we could rely for defence, safety and protection, whose finances we annually tax for the support of government, but whose counsels and services are rejected by the intolerance of party spirit.
I know the partisan may urge precedent against my arguments, by calling up the wars of federalism and republicanism. But these were 'The days of other years,' the errors of past times, on which, though much has been said, yet volumes might still be written. My remarks are predicated on the strongest conviction that there is not only in this case, but throughout the United States a prevailing spirit of moderation, which will finally break down and triumph over the violent spirit of party, and restore the politics of our country to their original purity, or at least place us on such grounds that the great body of the people shall be known only by the name of American party, and their opponents by that of faction.
Let not the prudery of party stare at these reflections. Let the principle be fairly examined. The times are portentous; we are threatened with war from without; contention and violence prevail within. On union and moderation depends our security. Old prejudices must be dismissed, and one common object held in pursuit, the honor, independence and glory of our national character.
FARMERS, ATTEND!
When your horses discharge water plentifully from the mouth, (which some suppose to be in consequence of their feeding on the latter growth of grass) it is proposed to give two spoonfuls of fine salt and a half spoonful of fine powdered rosin daily, for three or four days: then desist for a day or two, and repeat it at intervals for some time. An observing friend who is willing to do good, and to communicate, remarks, "the benefit experienced from using the above method, has been sufficient to authorise its recommendation for further trial."
Yesterday morning departed this life after a lingering illness, Doctor JAMES GILLIES , who has been a practising physician of great eminence in this town for several years, and for philanthropy, by few excelled. His remains will be taken from his house for interment in the Presbyterian burying ground this afternoon at five o'clock, at which time and place his friends and acquaintance are respectfully invited to attend.
The Brethren of Alexandria Washington Lodge, No. 22 , are requested to meet at their Lodge-Room, this evening, at half past four o'clock, to attend the funeral of their deceased Brother Dr. James Gillies . It is also requested that they appear in an appropriate dress.
By order of the W. M. ADAM LYNN, Sec'y.
The Members of the St. Andrew's Society , are respectfully invited to attend the funeral of Doctor James Gillies , their late worthy Vice-President, this evening, at five o'clock.
IN COUNCIL, 21st AUGUST, 1807.
ORDERED , THAT the street commissioners for the southern district, cause Gibbon-street to be opened next to the river so as to be passable for waggons, drays, &c. and that the dirt be disposed of on such terms as will be most for the interest of the corporation.
ORDERED , That licence be granted John Hodgkin, to keep a horse-market, for the year 1807, and that he pay to the corporation the sum of twenty-five dollars for the same.
ORDERED , That the street commissioners for the southern district, proceed to regulate and repair the side stones on the south side of Duke-street, in front of E. Janney's property, the expence thereof to be charged to the southern district.
ORDERED , That the further sum of thirty-five dollars be appropriated to the repairs of Royal-street, between Queen and Princess-streets, out of the funds of the northern district.
ORDERED , That the street commissioner for the southern district, do proceed to regulate and repair the side-stones in front of the property belonging to the heirs of Daniel Douglass's estate, on the east side of Water-street.
On balloting for a superintendant of quarantine, Dr. Thomas Semmes is duly elected.
On balloting for a master of quarantine, William Patterson is duly elected. Teste.
JAMES M. M'REA, c. c.
ALEXANDRIA RACES.
THE ALEXANDRIA JOCKEY CLUB RACES will commence on TUESDAY the 3d day of November next, the course will be in the greatest stile, and enclosed by a complete fence.
The first day's purse will not be less than FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS , and will probably be more than that sum—all arrangements will be published sometime previous to the races.
Subscribers will pay their subscriptions to Mr. James Sanderson, treasurer. Mr. John Hodgkin is appointed clerk of the course, and all arrangements respecting the course is vested in him.
James S. Scott, Sec'y. August 25 d3tlawit
NOTICE.
WAS committed to the jail of Franklin county, Pennsylvania, on the 29th of April last, on suspicion of being a runaway, a negro man who calls himself JACK —he is about 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, very black; when spoken to any ways cross, looks very surly; has a scar on the top of his right hand; is about 36 or 37 years old, and is pretty slender made.—If he is not taken away before the 13th of September next, he will be discharged by the court.
John Snyder, jailor. August 26. 3t*
ALEXANDRIA THEATRE.
On TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 25, Will be presented, a NEW COMEDY, (NEVER ACTED HERE) CALLED
A HINT TO HUSBANDS.
(Written by R. Cumberland, esq. author of the West Indian, Wheel of Fortune, &c. &c.)
 Lord Transit, Mr. Wood.  Sir Charle Le Brun, Mr. Cone.  Heartright, Mr. Charnock.  Fairford, Mr. Jefferson.  George Trevor, Mr. Rutherford.  Piant, Mr. Claude.  Sir Harry Sumner, Mr. Miller.  Codicil, Mr. Barnett.  Dogherty, Mr. Cross.  Coachman, Mr. Cunningham. 
 Lady Transit, Mrs. Villiers.  Lady Le Brun, Mrs. Wood.  Ruth, Mrs. Cunningham. 
[SECOND TIME HERE.]
To which will be added, an entire new entertainment, called,
THE WEATHERCOCK.
 Old Fickle, Mr. Charnock.  Tristram Fickle, Mr. Jefferson.  Briefwit, Mr. Cross.  Sneer, Mr. Rutherford.  Barber, Mr. Barnett.  Gardner, Mr. Miller.  Servant, Mr. Cunningham. 
Varilla, Mrs. Woodham.
The Evenings of performance in future will be TUESDAY, THURSDAY and SATURDAY.
** The doors to be opened at six, and the performance to begin precisely at a quarter past seven o'clock.
†† Admittance— BOX, ONE DOLLAR—PIT, SEVENTY-FIVE CENTS—GALLERY, FIFTY CENTS.
Tickets to be had at the office, in front of the THEATRE , at Gadsby's Hotel, and at the Office of the Daily Advertiser. August 24.
To be Rented,
A three story Brick Dwelling and Ware house, on King and Henry-streets—together or separate. Likewise, on the opposite side, a two story Brick Dwelling-House. For terms apply to
Jonathan and M. Schofield, May 1. eq

ALMANACS for 1808.
Just Published, and for sale, By COTTON & STEWART.
Aug. 24,
The Subscriber has on Hand,
About 20,000 feet Mahogany , of a good quality; which he will sell low for cash or on a short credit, by the log or plank. John Muir.
August 20.
2aw3w
N. B. He still continues to carry on the Cabinet and Chair Manufactory, in the neatest and most fashionable manner.
A Journeyman Cabinet-maker wanted.
** 2000 feet of half-inch Walnut Plank for sale.
GREAT BARGAINS.
I TENDING to remove to the state of Tennessee as soon as possible, I wish to dispose of the following valuable and increas- ing property upon low terms, which property I inherited from my ancestors, who have had a legal title to the same for upwards of one hundred years.
One Tract well known by the name of Abingdon,
Being on the Potomac river, between Alex- andria and Georgetown and nearly opposite the City of Washington, beautifully situated, con- taining about FOUR HUNDRED acres, now leased to the Mr. Wises for THREE HUN- DRED AND SIXTY DOLLARS per annum, with other stipulations contained in said lease.
One other Tract contiguous to the First,
Leased to William Fraser for FORTY DOL- LARS per annum, containing about SIXTY acres.
One other Tract, containing Ten Acres of Bottom Land,
Adjoining the Four Mile Mill Tract.
One other Tract contiguous to the Abingdon estate
And within two and a half miles of George- Town, containing SEVEN HUNDRED AND TWENTY FIVE acres. The greatest part of this land is heavily covered with Red and White OAKS.
ALSO,
Three Thousand Acres on the Scioto River in the state of Ohio.
This tract descended to me from my uncle George D. Alexander, being one moiety of the land he was intitled to for his military ser- vices during the revolutionary war. All the title papers with the wills under which I am entitled to the above property, are in the hands of Baldwin Dade, esq. to whom applica- tion will please to be made for terms, &c. he being legally authorized to contract and dis- pose of all the above valuable property, for which good and satisfactory titles, will be given. WALTER S. ALEXANDER.
August 13.
Valuable Property for Sale.
T O BE SOLD, in four distinct lots or to- gether, four acres of LAND, contain- ing from one and a quarter acre to two acres each, most eligibly situated without the terri- tory of Columbia, extending in a right line from Gibbon-street to Great Hunting-Creek, intersecting Jefferson, Franklin, and Green- street, and bounding east and west on Fay- ette and Payne-streets.
A plan of the ground and further particulars may be obtained by application to
James Patton.
June 22.
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Ten Dollars Reward
R AN AWAY from the subscriber on the 20th instant, an apprentice boy, named William Suthard, but sometimes calls him- self Gothard Suthard, has a down look, and light curly hair, five feet two inches high— his clothing consisted of a bearskin jacket and white pantaloon. Whoever apprehends said boy and brings him home or confines him in jail, shall receive the above reward.
James Nightingale, Shoemaker.
August 21.
6t
District of Columbia.
N OTICE is hereby given to all whom it may concern, That the Consul General of Portugal to the United States of America, has authorized the subscriber, to legalize all papers that may be necessary for vessels bound from the ports of this district to any in Portugal or Madeira.
Those masters of vessels who may omit having their bills of health thus certified, will be liable to undergo quarantine.
It is requisite that any article shipped for account of a Portuguese subject, should be declared, and sworn to, as Portuguese proper- ty; and the bills of lading legalized as above.
Lewis Debilis.
May 16.
THE SUBSCRIBERS
Being desirous of bringing the affair of the late firm of THOMPSON and VEITCH, to a final close, OFFER FOR SALE the follow- ing
REAL PROPERTY, viz.
THREE comfortable Dwelling-Houses, with elegant stores, on the south side of King, between Fairfax and Royal-streets, lots extending back 175 feet; at present oc- cupied by Joseph Janney, James Russe, and James R. Riddle and Co. The situation is considered to be amongst the best for business in Alexandria.
A dwelling house and lot on the north side of King-street, near the corner of King and Pitt-streets, occupied by Samuel Snowden.
A lot, fronting 55 feet on Pitt-street, ex- tending back 110 feet, and bounded on the south by an alley, on which is a shed occupi- ed by M. Dorsey, coach-maker.
A brick dwelling house on Prince-street, betwixt Fairfax and Royal-streets, occupied by William Lovering.
Also, the vacant lots adjoining, on each side of said house. Their situation for busi- ness equal to any unimproved property in town.
That large and commodious brick tavern, in George-Town, with all the buildings and improvements attached thereto, situated on the main street leading from the public ferry; occupied by Joseph Semmes.
Three handsome three story brick dwell- ing houses, with brick stables and carriage houses, being part of the six buildings, situ- ated on Pennsylvania avenue, in the city of Washington.
A handsome, commodious, and well finish- ed brick dwelling house, in Charlestown, Jef- ferson county, late the property of Van Ru- therford, with a large garden and the corner storehouse on same lot, situate near the cen- tre of the main street.
Also, a tan-yard with sundry improvements, a comfortable dwelling house and lot adjoin- ing, very handsomely situated, &c. Late the property of George Hite.
Also, a two story house and lot on the main street, at present occupied by Charles Foulk.
And a vacant lot on the main street, in a central situation for business.
For particular information respecting the above property in Charles-Town, application may be made to William Tate, Esq. of that place, or to Henry St. George Tucker, Esq. of Winchester.
A tract of land in Loudoun county, contain- ing 400 acres, situate near the Gum Spring- late the property of J. Spencer. On this tract there are two settlements and about 60 acres in cultivation, the rest of the land well tim- bered; the new turnpike road will pass thro' a part of this tract. Captain Charles Lewis living near the Gum-Spring, will show this land to any person desirous of viewing it.
One other tract of 196 acres, in Frederick county, about four miles from Winchester and near the lands belonging to judge Holmes. For particulars apply to He-y St. George Tucker, Esq.
One other tract of 400 acres, in Hampshire county, on a branch of Fairley's Run, near the town of Frankfort, formerly owned by Daniel Jones.
One other tract of 500 acres, in Randolph county, being part of an old military survey, on the south side of Gladys Creek, considered to be of excellent quality. This tract is situ- ated in a thickly settled part of that country, and contiguous to the main road leading from Randolph to the horse-shoe-bottom, on Cheat- river.
One other tract, named Fertility , of 263 acres, in Westmoreland county, state of Penn- sylvania; situated on the Monongahela river, and binding thereon for $74 of a mile, about one quarter of a mile below Casner's ferry, and 4 miles above Parkinson's ferry. A large proportion is rich bottom land, with a valu- able orchard of sugar trees and about 60 acres in cultivation. The main road from Union- Town to Pittsburg passes close by this land.
Any part of the above described property we are disposed to sell at reasonable rates, on the following terms, viz. One fifth in hand, and the residue in three or four equal annual payments, the purchaser giving bonds with security on the premises.
Jonah Thompson, Richard Veitch.
Alexandria, April 25.
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FOR SALE,
On advantageous terms,
A THREE STORY BRICK WARE- HOUSE, on Union-street, next door to Benjamin Shreve, jun. well situated for the Shipping or Grocery business—Also, a LOT of GROUND, at the corner of Water and Wolfe-streets.
TO RENT,
And immediate possession given,
The STORE and DWELLING HOUSE on Fairfax-street, occupied by Jacob Hoffman —an excellent stand for the DAY GOOD busi- ness.—Apply to
Jonah Thompson & Son.
March 14.
Stawif
New Invented Oven.
I HAVE obtained from the general go- vernment an exclusive privilege in an OVEN I have invented on entire new principles, for baking all kinds of bread, the advantages of my plan over those hitherto used are in the usual mode: The oven is first heated the fire scraped out and the dough put in to bake, when the oven is hottest and as the bread bakes the oven gradually cools, it will surely be conceded when bread is first put into an oven it is most tender and least capable of bear- ing heat—on my plan the bread is put into the oven at the extreme end, or where the heat is least and as it bakes it regularly pro- gresses into a keener heat until baked. Again, it is acknowledged the thinner bread is baked the better it is and the longer it will keep; in the usual mode of baking the thinner the bread the smaller quantity the oven will bake per day; on my plan as the oven is constantly in blast, the thinner the bread the more the oven will bake; added to this the labor of splitting wood is saved—the heating, cleaning and set- ting an oven also. An oven on my plan if well built, is much more durable, takes up less room to do the same business, costs much less money to build it, requires less fuel to bake the same quantity of bread, fewer hands can do the same business, in fact, a rind (superior to prejudices often attendant on customs long established) will be satisfied on a view of my oven in operation. I have narrated facts only for those who have not an opportunity of see- ing the oven in operation.
I subjoin the certificates of gentlemen whose respectability will not be questioned. For an oven of twenty feet length and three feet six inches width, or the privilege of using it, my price is five hundred dollars, and in proportion for a larger or smaller one. I will dispose of my privi- ledge for states, counties or towns, on liberal terms, letters addressed to me post paid, Dum- fries, Virginia, will be duly attended to.
James Deneale.
Dumfries, July 26.
WE, Richard and Stephen Winchester, residing in the town of Fredericksburg and commonwealth of Virginia, do certify, we have built an Oven under the immediate di- rection of James Deneale of Dumfries and commonwealth of Virginia aforesaid, on a plan entirely different from the ovens in com- mon use, and we believe invented by the said Deneale. It requires much less fuel than the common oven and may be used without splitting the wood, of course there is great saving of labor; we have baked every kind of biscuit and can say truly that it bakes well. We consider it as a valuable improvement and well worthy the attention of bakers.
R & S. Winchester.
Fredericksburg, January 23, 1806.
These are to certify to all whom it may con- cern, that I, Andrew Jamieson, biscuit baker, in the town of Alexandria, and district of Co- lumbia, was in the town of Fredericksburg, in the state of Virginia, some time since, the middle of last January, and there did attend great part of one day to see the operation of biscuit baking in the new invented oven in the possession of Messrs. Richard and Stephen Winchester, of Fredericksburg, which oven I have every reason to believe is the sole in- vention of Mr. James Deneale, of Dumfries, in the state of Virginia, and hereby declare and aver, that I saw said New Invented or Perpetual Oven bake large and small biscuits as in short a time and as regular a manner as any oven I have seen these forty years I have been at the baking business. Given under my hand this sixth day of February (in Alexandria and district of Columbia) in the year one thou- sand eight hundred and six.
Andrew Jamieson.
N. B. Not having sufficient experiment of said oven above mentioned, I cannot ascertain what may be saved in wood or labor, only that cord wood will do without the labor of chop- ping and splitting, as is necessary with old fashioned ovens.
A. J.
New-York, December 1, 1806.
THIS is to certify that I have been using the patent oven, invented by James Deneale, esq. of Dumfries, Virginia, since April last, to considerable advantage in this city, I have no doubt of its possessing considerable advan- tages over the old method, such as a saving of fuel and labor, in consequence of which the proprietor is enabled to make the bread much thinner and consequently more proper for long voyages or a hot climate.
Again, as a part of the operation requiring most skill and practice is abridged by this meth- od; more of the work may be done by boys or men little experienced in the business.
Not being acquainted myself with the old method, I will not attempt to state the differ- ences between them, but that it is greatly in favor of Deneale's method must be evident to the most superficial observer.
Robert Hartshorne.
For Sale or Rent,
A COMPLETE two story brick DWEL- LING HOUSE, and Lot of Ground, situate on Princess-street, between Wash- ington and Columbus-streets. There are on the premises, a Smoke House and other out buildings. For terms apply to
John F. Smith.
August 19.
d&t 1aw3w d4t
Iron Works for Sale.
THE subscriber is duly empowered to tract for the sale of a handsome set of Iron Works and eight thousand acres of Land adjoining, lying on the river Rappahannock, about nine miles above Fredericksburg. This tract abounds with inexhaustible of the richest iron ore and an ample supply wood for coal. The site for the works is advantageous in the extreme, commanding the whole source of the Rappahannock by a natural canal, into which the whole force of the river may be turned at a small expense. There has been a furnace and other works formerly erected here, and the ore found ex- trial abundant and good. When it is consi- dered that this property is within nine miles of tide water, and that the navigation from the site of the works to tide water may at a small expense be rendered practicable to trans- port every heavy article to market: when it is considered from the contiguity of these works to the seat of government, no iron establishment can supply cannon and shot on so good terms (competent judges having pronounced it) as on this tract of superior quality for cannon. doubt cannot be entertained of the great value of this property. The title is indisputable and a great bargain may be had. The subscriber will at any time attend those inclined to view the premises, and can shew an accurate sur- vey of the tract on application to him at Dum- fries, in Virginia.
James Deneale.
d&taw
July 23
To Parents, Guardians, & Teachers.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY COTTON AND STEWART, ALEXANDRIA,
MAVOR'S
UNIVERSAL SPELLING-BOOK, Accompanied by a progressive series of Easy and Familiar Lessons.
Intended as an Introduction to the first Ele- ments of the English Language.
THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE.
NOTWITHSTANDING the vast number of hi- story books for children in the Nursery, which have been written within these few years by persons of dis- tinguished abilities and sanctioned with their names, it must still be allowed, that there has not appeared an introduction to Reading, for the general use of schools, that rises above the level of the vulgar, though popular compilations of Dyche, Dillworth and Fenning. The superstructure has been attended to with skill; and writers of the first eminence have contributed to rear the fabric of learning, while the foundation has most invariably been suffered to be laid, by the most in- lets and ignorant workmen. The consequence has frequently been, as might be expected from such a dare: the rate has been so rapid, the very common- ment; and it has often proved more difficult to remove error, than it would have cost pains to prevent the principles of truth.
For the neglect we have alluded to, it would be im- possible to produce any consistent reason. Perhaps the pride of acknowledged literature could not stoop to an occupation reputed so mean, as that of compiling a Spel- ling Book. Yet to lay the first stone of a noble build- ing has ever been a task delegated to the most humble hands; and to sow the first seeds of useful learning in the nascent mind, is an employment that cannot be too graceful to the most illustrious talents. Bishop Lowth wrote an excellent English grammar, and several men of rank in literature have benefited the public by simi- lar productions; yet it is in vain that grammarians are versed if no one has learned to read; it is in vain that the ab- est discoveries are made in any art or science, if the generality of the world are precluded from profiting by them, for want of previous instruction in the first prin- ciples with which they are connected.
The Editor of the following sheets is fully convinced of the solidity of his inferences, and the justice of his marks, in whatever light his present undertaking may be regarded. Humble or degrading as it may appear to those who, perhaps, have no higher pretensions than himself, he cannot think that labor dishonorable, which is so manifestly beneficial to the rising generation; nor has he any reason to fear, but that the candid and judi- cious will appreciate his motives and his production as they deserve. Our sentiments and our conduct are influenced by early impressions; and many seem willing to allow. The stream will always flow uncultured with the nature of its source. A just maxim, a humane prin- ciple, a germ of knowledge early imbibed, will be per- manent to the last. The first books we read can ne- ver be forgotten, nor the principles they inculcate, en- dictated. Hence, in the prosecution of this work, care has been taken to make every lesson or essay, as far as the nature and intention of the plan would allow, tend to some useful purpose of information or instruction. Thus the more easy progressive lessons, where false was in- troduced to a single syllable is hoped something will be found to please and to improve, nor will this be thought diffi- culty. To tread in the steps of a Barbauld, a Judson, an Edgeworth, a Trimmer, a Berquin, and others, only dute to their labors to the benevolent design in hand, only acquired a little taste and judgment, which any person long conversant with education and books ought to pos- sess.
In short, the Editor feels inclined to believe, that this manual for early youth will be found a much better ad- ed for the purpose than any that has proceeded it; and in consequence he anticipates the kind patronage of Teach- ers in general. It probably will tend to facilitate their labour, by furnishing subjects more agreeable to the pu- pil, than the dry inanity of most books of the kind; and it cannot fail to redound to their credit also, by giving youth an opportunity of gaining as much general know- ledge as could be crowded within the limits prescribed.
Indeed it was a remark of the publisher, (to whom British youth are under singular obligations for furnish- ing them with many valuable opportunities of improve- ment) when he earnestly pressed this work on the Pub- lic's attention "That a Spelling Book for frequently com- tutes the whole library of a poor child, unless when some- ty puts a bible into his hands, & it consequently ought to contain as great a variety of useful matter as the pri- will permit." The compilation has been formed strictly on this principle.
Woodstock, Oct. 29th, 1802.
Printing, in its various branches, handsomely executed at this office.
PRINTED DAILY BY SAMUEL SNOWDEN.