Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1804-09-12 00:00:00

THE VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[Vol. XII.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 186.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[FOUR DOLLARS PER ANNUM—PAID IN ADVANCE.]
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1804.
[12 1-2 CENTS SINGLE.]
Advertisements, no exceeding a square length, are inserted in this paper for seven-squares the first time; three dollars for three weeks (6 times); and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents. Long ones in the same proportion—unless a special contract be made by the year.
More Evidence,
Of the excellent properties and great efficacy of Hamilton's Worm Destroying Lozenges.
LETTER from the honorable A. C. Hanson, Esq. Chancellor of the state of Maryland, to the Editor of the Maryland Gazette.
For the good of the public, as well as from a desire to do justice to a man of merit and genius, I request you to publish the following cases.
A young man in my family, who had read Dr. Hamilton's advertisement, and who had, for some time as he says, experienced the symptoms described by the Doctor, as indicating the presence of worms in the human stomach or intestines, resolved, without consulting any person whatever, to try the doctor's remedy.
He accordingly procured a box of the Lozenges. Last evening he took 4 of the yellow, and this morning he took an equal number of the brown kind. They did not, as he says, operate harshly, except one stool, when he felt a considerable griping, and when there came from him a worm, perfectly white, about a yard in length, as broad as his little finger, and having a number of joints about an inch or a 1-4 of an inch distant from each other.
Besides this worm, he says there came from him a considerable number of flat worms about 3 4 of an inch in length, and nearly the same in breadth. He did not think of counting them, but he says there were more than twenty.
I regret extremely that I had not an opportunity of seeing the tape worm; the young man not having, as he ought to have done, taken measures for preserving it, and the simple servant girl, who attended his chamber, having, before I had heard of his taking the medicine, thrown it and the other worms into the necessary, not thinking it of consequence to take care of them. The girl, however, and another servant concurs with him respecting the worms which appeared in the vessel; and the tape worm, they say, was alive, so far as to have motion, after it came from him.
It is needless to describe his symptoms, as he says they were exactly such as are described by the Doctor.
Another young man of my family also without any consultation or advice one evening and morning, a 2-3 of a box of the yellow, took 7 Lozenges, which operated powerfully. No worm came from him; but in the course of 2 or 3 days he was quite well; and has since had a considerable accession of flesh and strength.
In short, although I, like many others, have been incredulous with respect to the virtue of Hamilton's Lozenges, I am at length perfectly convinced of their great efficacy and utility.
As I cannot reasonably be supposed to have any motive, except a consideration for public good, for publishing these cases, I flatter myself that I shall not incur ridicule or censure from unthinking men, for adding my secondhand testimony to the evidence of the numerous respectable characters who have aimed to render justice to Dr. Hamilton (with whom I have not the slightest acquaintance) and to give important information to their fellow creatures.
I think it not amiss to add, that from the healthy appearance of the young man, who has been so greatly and quickly relieved, I should have ridiculed his symptoms and apprehensions had he communicated them to me before he took the Lozenges—The fact, I am persuaded, is, that most young persons, who are from time to time, disordered without a visible or apparent cause, are afflicted by worms. A. C. Hanson.
Annapolis, September 18, 1802.
Description of Worms.
And the symptoms by which they are known. Worms which infest the human body are chiefly of four kinds, viz. the Tars or large round worm; the Ascarides or small maw worm; the Conchiridia, or flat white worm; and lastly, the Lænia or tape worm, so called from its resemblance to tape—this is often many yards long, and is full of joints—it is most hurtful and difficult to cure.
Among the symptoms attending worms, are disagreeable breath, especially in the morning; bad and corrupted gums—itching in the nose and about the seat—convulsions and epileptic fits, and sometimes privation of speech. Staring and grinding of the teeth in sleep—irregular appetite, sometimes loathing food, and sometimes voracious—purging, with slimy and foetid stools—vomiting—large and hard belly—pains and sickness at the stomach—pains in the head, thighs, with lowness of spirits—flow fever, with small and irregular pulse—a dry cough, excessive thirst, sometimes pale and unhealthy countenance, and sometimes the face bloated and flushed.
Persons afflicted with any of the above symptoms, should have immediate recourse to Hamilton's Worm Destroying Lozenges, which have been constantly attended with success, in all complaints similar to those above described.
A dose of this medicine, given occasionally during the worm season, effectually prevents the vomiting and purging of children, a dreadful disorder which annually destroys thousands of the infant part of our citizens. It is likewise the mildest and most certain remedy known, and has restored to health and strength a great number, when in an advanced stage of this fatal complaint—particular plain instructions are given for every part of the necessary treatment in such cases.
Children generally take this medicine with eagerness; having a pleasing appearance, and an agreeable taste.
* * * The above Medicine is sold by appointment, at S. Pleasants, jr's. Book Store, and (take notice) at no other place in Richmond.
A FEW COPIES OF Lorenzo Dow's Dream:
ALSO, A SERMON
Preached by him in Norfolk, are just received and for sale at this office.
FOR RENT, IN COLUMBIA, MY TENEMENT,
It being one of the four central lots in the plan of said town: its situation is high and airy, and possesses a very commanding view. It affords two large dry cellars, the walls of which are rock, four chimnies, eight fire places, seven rooms, one of which in the second story is very large and well calculated for assemblies; it is well ventilated and lighted, having 308 panes of glass, besides two large passages and the garret—Also a framed kitchen 32 16 feet, now putting up. When the establishment of the Staunton mail stage by this place, and the expectancy of a turnpike road by this is considered, it is reasonable to expect it will become a place of increasing business. Those who may be disposed to rent, had better give early information, as the house is finishing within, and may be adapted to different purposes.
Also, for Sale or Rent,
400 Acres of Land,
In the lower end of Louisa, on the South fork of Elk creek, adjoining the lands of Robert & James Dickinson. This land is really good, its growth is generally red oak and hickory. For terms apply to the subscriber.
J. WILLS. Chatham, Fluvanna, July 28, 1804. WGT
In Hanover County Court,
July 30th, 1803.
John Clopton, administrator of William Clopton, deceased, pt.
Against James Blackwell, William Macon, and John Swann, defts.
THE defendant James Blackwell, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country: On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is ordered, that the said defendant, James Blackwell, do appear here on the fourth Wednesday in October next, and answer the bill of the plaintiff; and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some public newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively; and that another copy be posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A copy—Teste, THO: POLLARD, D. C. H. C.
HART and SOUTHGATE,
Grocers and Commission Merchants,
In the store lately occupied by Mr. BOULTON,
opposite Mr. Pleasants' Printing-Office,
MAIN STREET, RICHMOND,
Respectfully inform their friends and the
public, that they have laid in a general assortment
of Groceries and Liquors of the first qualities,
which they are selling very low for ready money
or produce at cash prices.
Also, Queen's Ware, Patent Shot, Gunpowder,
Indigo, &c. &c. and Hare's Philadelphia bottled
Porter, of which they have a constant supply, by the
dozen or single bottle.
They have for sale, on Commission, CUT
NAILS (from £4 to 20s) by the cask or small quantities;
also, a quantity of SOAL LEATHER, for
Cab, or to be bartered for Wheat; and a
pair of COLOGNE MILLSTONES, 3 feet 11 ins
August 8, 1804.
WARS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.
Just published, and for sale at S. Pleasants, jun's
Printing-Office and Book-store, Richmond.
THE HISTORY OF THE WARS
Which arose out of the French Revolution; to
which is prefixed, a review of the causes of that
event. By ALEXANDER STEPHENS, of
the hon. Society of the Middle Temple, Esq.
Quæ digna digneque proferre: eo magis, quod
mihi, a spe metus, partibus reipublicæ animus liber-
erat. Sall. de conjurat. Catil.
The London edition of this work which has
just come to hand is now selling at 25 dollars.
Extract from the Monthly Magazine and Entrepôt
Register, for July, 1803.
The late eventful war has found an able
historian in Mr. Alexander Stephens, whose work,
entitled "A History of the Wars which arose out
of the French Revolution from 1792 to the general
peace in 1802," exhibits a connected and well
arranged detail of the most eventful & important
contest that has occurred since the subjugation of
the Roman empire; and in the course of the work,
the author has united the interest arising out of
topography with the instruction to be derived from
history; in both departments his manner is dignified,
his language is eloquent and his information
is obviously derived from the most authentic
source.
The introduction after touching on the great
changes that have taken place in ancient and modern
states, presents a dissertation on the government
of France, in which the opinions of Mezeray,
Frissart, Commines, and Hottoman, are quoted
and investigated. An attempt is also made to
trace the late revolution up to its original source,
while the leading men and contending parties are
fully and distinctly portrayed; the characters of
Turgot, Colonne, Clavière, Robespierre, Marat,
Brisot, Talleyrand, Mirabeau, Lally, Barnave,
&c. are accordingly developed in succession.
In the course of this work the principal states-
men in Britain as well as in France, pass in review
and the opinions, talents and pursuits of a Pitt, a
Fox, an Addington, a Sheridan, a Dundas, a Bed-
ford and a Grenville, are noticed and enumerated.
LOUISIANA REMONSTRANCE.
TO THE
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES,
IN SENATE AND
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
CONVENED.
(Concluded from our last.)
As to the degree of information diffused
through the country, we humbly request
that some more correct evidence may be
produced than the superficial remarks
that have been made by the travellers or
residents, who neither associate with us nor
speak our language; many of us are na-
tive citizens of the United States, who have
participated in that kind of knowledge which is there spread among the people, the others generally are men who will not suffer, by a comparison with the population of any other colony. Some disadvantages as to education in the higher branches of literature, have lately attended us, but the original settlement of the province was marked by circumstances peculiarly favourable in this respect, it was made at no distant date, at a period when science had attained a great degree of perfection, and from a country in which it flourished; many individuals possessing a property and rank, which suppose a liberal education were among the first settlers, and perhaps there would be no vanity in asserting that the first establishment of Louisiana, might vie with that of any other in America, for the respectability and information of those who composed it; their descendants now respectfully call for the evidence which proves that they have degenerated so as to become totally incompetent to the task of legislation; for our love of order and submission to the laws we can confidently appeal to the whole history of our settlement, and particularly to what has lately passed. In these dangerous moments when it was uncertain at what point our political vibrations would stop; when national prejudice, personal interests, factious views and ambitious designs might be supposed to combine for the interruption of our repose when in frequent changes to which we have been subjected the authority of one nation was weakened, before the other had established its power. In those moments of crisis and danger, no insurrection disturbed, no riot disgraced us, the voice of sedition was silent; and before a magistrate was appointed, good morals served instead of laws, and a love of order instead of civil power; it is then as unjust to tax us with turbulence as it is degrading to reproach us with ignorance and vice.
But let us admit that by some train of reasoning to which we are strangers by some incomprehensible fatality we are cut off from our national rights, and form an unfortunate exception to those general principles on which your revolution and government are founded; that there is no clause for us in the great character of nature, and that we must look for our freedom to another source; yet we are not without a claim—one arising from solemn stipulation, and according to our ideas, full, obligatory, and unequivocal.
The third article of the treaty, lately concluded at Paris, declares that "the inhabitants of the ceded territory shall be incorporated into the union of the United States, and admitted as soon as possible, according to the principles of the federal constitution, to the enjoyment of all the rights, advantages and immunities of citizens of the United States, and in the mean time they shall be protected in the enjoyment of their liberty, property, and the exercise of the religion they profess."
Your honorable body seems to have adopted a construction of this article, which would suspend its performance, until some period fixed by the principles of the constitution, and to have read the article thus: The inhabitants shall be incorporated into the union, and admitted to the enjoyment of all the rights, etc. so soon as the principles of the federal constitution will permit. We, on the contrary, contend, that the words "according to the principles of the federal constitution," as they are placed in the sentence, form no limitation, that they were intended as a description of the kind of rights we were to enjoy, or at most relate to the mode in which they were to be conferred, and that the article contemplates no other delay to our reception, than will be required to pass the necessary laws, and ascertain the representation to which we are entitled.
The inhabitants of the ceded territory, are to be "incorporated into the Union of the U. States." These words can in no sense be satisfied by the act in question. A territory, governed in the manner the act directs, may be a province of the U. States, but can, by no construction, be said to be incorporated into the Union. To be incorporated into the Union, must mean to form a part of it; but to every component part of the U. States, the constitution has guaranteed a republican form of government; and this as we have already shown, has no one principle of republican-ism in its composition.—It is, therefore, not a compliance with the letter of the treaty, and is totally inconsistent with its spirit, which certainly intends some stipulations in our favour. But if Congress may govern us as they please, what necessity was there for this clause? or how are we benefited by its introduction? If any doubt however could possibly arise on the first number of the sentence, it must vanish by a consideration of the second which provides for their admission to the rights, privileges & immunities of citizens of the U. States. But this government, as we have shown, is totally incompatible with those rights. Without any vote in the election of our legislature; with-
out any check upon our executive; without any one incident of self-government—what valuable "privilege" of citizenship is allowed us? what "right" do we enjoy? what "immunity" can we boast, except indeed the degrading exemption from the cares of legislation and the burthen of public affairs?
Will it be said, that though our right be admitted, yet Congress are to determine the period when it shall be conferred? This, we apprehend, would not only be contrary to the words of the treaty, but would be a solecism in itself. The words, "according to the principles of the federal constitution, to enjoyment of the rights," etc. certainly mean, to such rights, as are secured by the principles, of the constitution; or, that we are admitted to their enjoyment in each manner as the same principle direct; and at any rate the words "as soon as possible," can never be construed, so as to give a right of deferring it indefinitely. It may be procrastinated for two years, we see no reason, why it may not be deferred for twenty or an hundred, or totally omitted.—That our verbal construction is a true one, will be evident from pursuing the other exposition to its consequences. If the treaty means to say that we shall be admitted as soon as the principles of the constitution will permit, we must look into that instrument to discover what restrictions oppose its immediate performance. We should naturally expect if this reasoning be true, to find some period limited before which we could not become members of the Union; some requisites of population, or other circumstance, to be previously attained or performed; but on the contrary, the powers of admitting new states is vested in Congress, without any restriction whatever, that can be applicable to the present case; there is, therefore, nothing that can satisfy these words, if they are construed as a limitation; nothing but the will of Congress is referred to in the constitution. This construction then, would prove that the United States had stipulated, to admit us into the Union as soon as they should think proper; but a treaty implies a compact, and what compact can arise from a stipulation to perform, or not perform, as the party shall deem expedient? this would be such a solecism in argument such a confusion of terms as must make us doubt the propriety of any construction that leads to them, and we feel ourselves justified in a persuasion, that the treaty intended to incorporate us into the union so soon as the laws necessary for the purpose could be passed.
We know not with what view the territory North of the 33d degree, has been severed from us and carried with it the distinguishing name which belonged to us, and to which we are attached; the convenience of the inhabitants we humbly apprehend would have been better consulted by preserving the connection of the whole province, until a greater degree of population, made a division necessary. If this division should operate so as to prolong our state of political tutelage; on account of any supposed deficiency of numbers, we cannot but consider it as injurious to our rights, and therefore enumerate it among those points of which we have reason to complain. If there is force in our reclamations, on the great question of fundamental rights—if we are intitled to legislate for ourselves as a member of the Union, and to establish the forms on which that legislation shall be conducted, by framing a constitution, suited to our own exigencies; then no further observations need be made on other parts of the law—for the right of local legislation implies that of making the alterations, we might deem expedient, then our judiciary would become independent; the executive power would be properly circumscribed, and the legislative guarded against encroachment. There is one subject however extremely interesting to us, in which great care has been taken to prevent any interference even by the governor and council, selected by the President himself. The African trade is absolutely prohibited and severe penalties, imposed on a traffic free to all the Atlantic states, who chuse to engage in it, and as far as relates to procuring the subjects of it from other states, permitted even in the territory of the Mississippi.
It is not our intention to enter into arguments that have become familiar to every reasoner on this question, we only ask the right of deciding it for ourselves, and of being placed in this respect on an equal footing with other states.—To the necessity of employing African laborers, which arises from climate, and the species of cultivation, pursued in warm latitudes, is added a reason in this country peculiar to itself.—The banks raised to restrain the waters of the Mississippi, can only be kept in repair by those whose natural constitution and habits of labor enable them to resist the combined effects of a deleterious moisture, and a degree of heat intolerable to whites; this labor is great, it requires many hands and it is all important to the
very existence of our country. If the cause of this traffic is justifiable anywhere it is surely in this province, where unless it is permitted cultivation must cease, the improvements of a country be destroyed, and the great river, resume its empire over our ruined fields and demolished habitations.
Another subject not indeed growing out of this law, but of great moment to us, is the sudden change of language in all the public offices and administration of justice—the great mass of the inhabitants speak nothing but the French the latter government was always careful in their selection of officers, to find men who possessed our language and with whom we could personally communicate—their judicial proceedings were indeed in the Spanish language, but being carried on altogether by writing translations were easily made—at present for the slightest communication an interpreter must be procured—in more important concerns, our interest suffers from not being fully explained; a phrase, a circumstance seemingly of little moment, and which a person uninterested in the affair will not take the trouble to translate, is frequently decisive, and produces the most important effects, that free communication so necessary to give the magistrate a knowledge of the people, and to inspire them with confidence in his administration, is by this means totally cut off and the introduction of viva voce pleading in the courts of justice, subjects the party who can neither understand his counsel, his judge, or the advocate of his opponent, to an embarrassment the most perplexing, and often, to injuries the most serious.
We have thus stated the great sources of discontent, which have arisen from the measures your honorable body has been pleased to pursue; did we suppose them the effect of a settled design to oppress, of a determination to disregard our natural and stipulated rights, we are persuaded we should do as much injustice to your views, as the strongest expressions would do to our feelings of indignation and grief—but we will not insult you by a suspicion so injurious to your motives; the want of true information with respect to us, opinions founded on a superficial acquaintance with our country, and prejudiced relations of our habits and manners, on reports the most unfounded, even as to our language, these alone have given rise to the measures of which we complain, and when these impressions shall have been effaced, we have the fullest confidence that their effects will cease and the language of remonstrance will be changed to that of congratulation and thanks.
Deeply impressed, therefore, with a persuasion that our rights need only be stated, to be recognized and allowed; that the highest glory of a free nation is a communication of the blessings of freedom; and that its best reputation is derived from a sacred regard to treaties. We pray your representatives of the people, to consult your own fame and our happiness, by a prompt attention to our prayer—we invoke the PRINCIPLES OF YOUR REVOLUTION, THE SACRED SELF-EVIDENT AND ETERNAL TRUTHS on which your governments are founded, we invoke the SOLEMN STIPULATIONS OF TREATY, we invoke your own PROFESSIONS, OF YOUR FATHERS, and we adjure you not to disavow the one or dishonor the other, by persevering in a plan so contradictory to every thing you have said, and they have had, so fatal to our happiness, and the reputation of your country, to a generous and free people. We ought not to urge any motive of interest, when those of honor and duty are so apparent; but be assured that the true interest of the United States consists in cultivating a spirit of conciliation with the inhabitants of the territory they have acquired. Annexed to your country by the course of political events, it depends upon you to determine whether we shall pay the cold homage of reluctant obedience, or render the free allegiance of citizens, attached to your fortunes by choice, bound to you, by gratitude for the best of blessings, contributing cheerfully to your advancement, to those high destinies which HONOR, LIBERTY, JUSTICE will conduct you, and defending as we solemnly pledge ourselves to do at the risk of fortune and life, our COMMON CONSTITUTION, COUNTRY AND LAWS.
WE, THEREFORE, respectfully pray, that so much of the law above mentioned as provides for the temporary government of this country, as divides it into two territories, prohibits the importation of slaves be repealed.
And that prompt and efficacious measures may be taken to incorporate the inhabitants of Louisiana, into the Union of the United States, and admit them to all the rights, privileges and immunities of citizens thereof.
As to our petitioners, &c.

LETTER FOURTH.
The third great object that requires state regulation is the security of property. This, under all circumstances, has been deemed an important consideration. Its importance, however, is almost infinitely increased by the prevalent state of society in this country, and the new aspects and relations which a new order of things has created. It is one of the happiest features of our political institutions, that by inhibiting every species of monopoly and by leaving industry unfettered, the power of obtaining property, is placed equally within the reach of every citizen, so far as political institutions can effect this end. The right of primogeniture, and the principle of entails being wisely annulled, prevent dangerous accumulations of property, and distinctions equally dangerous, arising from accidental circumstances instead of merit.
This great end ensured, it only remains to adopt wise codes of laws to secure the rights of property. As on these essentially depend all value, it will be evident that they are not inferior in importance to the attainment of property itself.
Are then the rights of property at present adequately secured? It is humbly presumed they are not. Without meaning to derogate from the wisdom of institutions many of which have existed for ages, and most of which have been tested by some experience, it may be confidently affirmed that the great political revolution effected by the United States has placed the people in a situation which requires a modification, to say no more, of the principle adopted in the old world on this point.
A leading feature in the systems of the old world, was to aid the accumulation of property in the hands of a few, to maintain such accumulation undisturbed for a long succession of years. As on this result principally depended the stability of governments, means the most effectual were devised for commanding and securing it. Hence the rules of primogeniture, entails and monopolies—so wisely done away in this country—and hence too, so many provisions by which property, and more especially real property, once acquired, was entrenched; the effect of which was the frequent resistance of just claims made on the individual possessed of the property of another; and hence the adage, that possession constitutes nine points of the law. With this view courts were multiplied; the legal code was rendered too intricate for the apprehension of the unlearned; the forms of judicial proceeding were clothed in an unintelligible phraseology, requiring a distinct order of men to interpret it; and the expenses of carrying forward suits were rendered intolerable, except to the rich. It requires no extraordinary discernment to perceive, that all these circumstances concurred to make the poor dependant on the rich; and of consequence, to fortify the vast possessions of the latter, while they undermined the pittance of the former.
If these are the effects of the existing systems of justice, as they are called, it is not manifest that they are subversive, so far as they go, of some of the great benefits expected from the change effected in our political institutions; and may it not be feared that they will operate, in an insidious manner, to undermine the whole structure.
Let us descend to particulars. One of the great ends of our governments is to secure the fruits of every man's industry. This can only be effected by a system of laws which either discourages all creditors or which provides means easily within the reach of each individual for obtaining that which of right belongs to him. In the first instance debts will be rarely incurred and no disappointment will arise from the inadequacy of laws to enforce their payment; while in the last instance there will exist means of recovering them, which shall be easy, prompt and inexpensive. The abrogation of all laws for enforcing the payment of debts is so repugnant to the habits of our citizens, that it would be deemed the temerity of innovation to recommend it, and it is probable that whatever strength or argument might be adduced in its support would be too feeble to make any efficient opposition to the prejudices of habit and preconceived opinion. Leaving then this enquiry, let us proceed to examine whether the existing system of laws provides for the recovery of debts, means which are easy, prompt and inexpensive.
If a debt is due recourse must be had to a professional man, who is alone viewed by the law as competent to point out the legal remedy required. In most instances before his advice can be obtained, a fee must be given, seldom less than three or four dollars, and rising in proportion to the magnitude of the cause. The lawyer frequently resides at a distance of twenty or thirty miles from the party aggrieved; and consequently one or two days will be consumed in reaching him, and in afterwards returning home. Process is then to be obtained from the clerk of the court for which a charge generally of about a dollar, is made. The sheriff is then to be sought at probably some distance. These are the steps required for initiating the suit. The expense they involve may be fairly estimated at eight dollars, and the consumption of time at three days. None but men in easy circumstances can afford to lose so much time or money. So far, then, as the present ad-
ministration of justice operates as a barrier against the just claims of the poor man, and as an inducement to those who are unjust to incur debts in the hope of impunity. These are, however, but the first steps required by the legal code—Courts are held seldom oftener than four times, and sometimes not more than once or twice a year for the trial of causes. Such are the usual forms of procedure that it is impossible to know when a cause will come to trial, and of consequence, the parties are under the necessity of attending court for several successive terms and often years, with all their papers and witnesses, the personal concerns of whom are interfered with. It is difficult, almost impossible, to calculate the trouble and expense occasioned by these delays. The cause is at length tried and a judgment pronounced. Though years shall have elapsed since the commencement of the suit, a further indulgence is allowed the debtor. Execution may be stayed; and in case he possess real property, its sale is either prohibited, or seven years allowed for the satisfaction of his debts in case the clear proceeds of his property will redeem them within a period of seven years. Can these means, required for the recovery of debts, be, with the least color of truth, called easy? Are they not, on the contrary, fraught with difficulty, with delay, and with distress? Do they not entirely sap the principle of equal rights? Are they not subversive of impartial justice? Do they not necessarily create distinctions among men; between the rich and the poor? Do they not give power to the former, while they deny it to the latter? They surely have all these effects, and having them, call aloud for legislative redress.
That the means for the recovery of debts are not prompt has appeared from the statement of facts just made. It may, however, not be unproductive of profit, to dwell further on this point. Money, is in this country of great value. It is not in correct to say that to a man in business, and most of our citizens are in active life, it is worth from ten to fifteen per cent. A legal interest having been fixed at six per cent, the difference will be so much lost to the creditor, kept out of his just debts, and consequently so much gained by the debtor. Thus is a strong inducement held forth to injustice. The debtor, under the influence of interest, will generally protract the issue of the suit to which he is a party to the greatest period. And such is the present organization of courts that a delay of several years is easily gained by him. The practice varies in different states; in those to the East justice is administered with comparative speed, while to the South it is relatively tardy. Considering the middle states as those in which a medium exists, it will be found, that on an average, it requires at least three years to bring a contested suit to a close. This is unquestionably a great grievance; and claims a devoted attention to redress it.
The last consideration is whether the means at present necessary for the recovery of debts are unexpensive. This is of all the features of a good administration of justice the most important. Those, from whom just debts have been detained, are generally in an impoverished condition, and cannot be supposed to possess much resource. There is so much force in this fact that it may be assumed as a truism that a good system of laws should enable every citizen to obtain without any expense the property that is withheld from him. If this be a truth, it follows that the system which the nearest approaches this model, is the best, and that which most recedes from it is the worst. In going into details on this point, two views may be taken; one involving the expense which is sustained by the creditor in prosecuting his rights; and the other the expense sustained by society.
We have already seen that the expense incurred in the mere initiation of an action is far from inconsiderable. This expense is greatly increased before it is brought to a close. It is difficult on a subject so much affected by the different laws of the respective states, to speak with absolute precision. But as far as we are justified by an experience of the expenses attending a law suit in several of the states, we believe we speak within bounds, when we state them in contested cases at between ten and twenty dollars; and as more frequently approaching the latter than the former. The amount sueded is on an average below an hundred dollars. The expense will be, therefore, about fifteen per cent. In addition to the loss arising from delay, from the consumption of time, and from the loss sustained by receiving only six per cent. instead of about twelve which may be considered as the real value of money. Let these losses be added together and the amount will stand thus.
  Three years delay producing a loss from withholding the money due, of the difference between 12 and 6 per cent. 18   Time consumed at least 10   Expense not repaid by the debtor, say 6   34 
This is a moderate estimate. From which it appears that under the present administration of justice, about one third of the debt is lost. The necessary effect of this injustice is the depriving the rightful proprietors of property, so far as it is placed under the cognisance of the law, of one third part of it, and the vesting it in those who have no just claim to it.
Equally aggravated shall we find the evil in its operation on society. Just in proportion to the trouble, delays, and expense attending the administration of justice, will be the multiplication of courts, of lawyers, of constables, and the numerous other attendants, who find their interest intimately connected with the perpetuation and even the extension of abuses. Hence it is an incontrovertible fact that this description of citizens have invariably, and too successfully, opposed all the reforms that have been proposed. It is not meant, by this remark, to fix an unusual reproach upon any class of citizens. Their conduct has doubtless been dictated by motives common to all other men; the pursuit of individual interest ought not to be considered reprehensible, when it is not in violation of positive law, or moral duty. It is evident that in the present instance there is no violation of positive law; and it can easily be conceived, that conduct sanctioned by law and usage, however repugnant to some moral principles, will not be viewed as reprehensible, by those whose immediate interest is connected with it.
In estimating the extent of this evil, we can do no more than offer a rough statement. This shall be done under a scrupulous respect for truth: and in order to avoid its violation our statement shall be within bounds. If we take Pennsylvania as the central state of the union, and consider her as possessed of an administration intermediate between that of the Eastern and Southern states, we shall probably exhibit in the facts furnished by her on this subject the most correct view of the union generally. There is in that state,
One court of Errors and Appeals, principally composed of the judges of inferior tribunals, and which therefore does not involve much expense, perhaps not more than one thousand dollars.
There is a supreme court of five judges, whose salaries and incidental expenses may amount to 12,000 dollars.
There are the Presidents of five circuits, whose salaries amount to 8,000 dollars.
There are three or four associate judges in each county, whose salaries amount to about 10,000 dollars.
The aggregate of these salaries amount to 31,000 dollars.
The establishment of jails may amount to about 30,000 dollars.
The fees paid the various clerks of courts, sheriffs, constables and criers may amount to 80,000 dollars.
The sums paid lawyers may amount to 220,000 dollars.
All these sums amount annually to 361,000 dollars.
In addition to these items of expense, is the expenditure of time and money incurred by the parties, the witnesses and jurymen in attending courts. It may be computed that there are three hundred courts held at which one hundred parties, 30 jurymen and 60 witnesses attend, on an average, for six days; valuing the time lost and the expenses of travelling incurred at one dollar and a half a day, an annual expense is incurred of 85,000 dollars. Add for justices of peace 56,000 dollars.
This added to the preceding expenses amount to 500,000 dollars.
One view still more important remains to be taken on this branch of the enquiry, viz, the quantum of labor lost to the community by the number of persons engaged in the administration of justice. This may be computed as follows:
  Judges and Justices 600   Jailors 60   Clerks of courts, sheriffs, constables, criers and their clerks 400   Lawyers 200   Time consumed by parties, witnesses and jurymen about 300   1,560 
Estimating the value of the time of each person at 300 dollars, we have the sum of 468,000 dollars; which added to the above 500,000 dollars, amounts in the whole to 968,000 dollars; a sum but little short of a million.
Let us contrast with this vast expenditure the advantages derived from it. It is a large estimate to state the property in controversy each year throughout the state at five million of dollars; on which, therefore, it appears that there is paid a commission of about twenty per cent.
The detailed view, we have taken, abundantly proves that the existing means for the recovery of debts are neither easy, prompt, or unexpensive. The only enquiry remaining to be made, is whether means more competent to secure these ends can be devised. It is confidently believed that they can.
The great root of the existing evil is the complicated and obscure code of laws which regulate the rights of property. This has arisen, not from any necessary difficulty attending the subject; but from our adoption of a system of jurisprudence which owes its origin to the imperfect conceptions of the dark ages, and to circumstances then existing which have since entirely ceased. The science of the law, as it is termed, is an accumulation of precedents, derived from English courts, founded on the state of society existing in England, and made without the guide of well digested laws. The language, in which it is laid down, is neither grammatical, classical, or intelligible. It presents a heterogeneous mixture of three or four languages, put together without learning and applied without judgment. Hence laws passed either by the legislative body,
or precedents established by courts, are totally unintelligible to a man of good English education. To understand them he must be deeply read in the jargon of the bar. This knowledge only falls to the lot of lawyers and attorneys. They may be not incorrectly called the Pythia of the law. They are so many oracles, whose interpretations are always just, because no one, from the obscurity in which they are clad, can detect their fallacy. Is not this a vast evil? It necessarily reduces all men to a state of vassalage to lawyers. If I desire to buy or sell property, to recover a debt or resist an unjust demand, I cannot take a step without consulting a lawyer. This does not arise from necessity. No one will say that the tenure by which property is held is necessarily so diversified or embarrassed as not to admit of a system of laws, which might, in a narrow compass, and in language intelligible to the meanest capacity, prescribe competent rules. But it will be enquired, if this reform be so simple, why has it not been made? The answer is obvious. Our public councils have been swayed by professional men, as, until a few years back, the consciences of Princes and subjects were under subjection to Priests. As in the last case it required the bold spirit of a Luther to break the fetters in which superstition enslaved her devotees; so, in the first, it will demand the efforts of some great and virtuous man, too firm in his purpose to be awed by a host of opponents, to produce a reform for which the common sense of the American people is already ripe.
Having established a concise and plain system of laws, by far the greater part of the causes of litigation will be removed. Honest minds will no longer be bewildered. Contracts will be made incapable of misconstruction or perversion. The interference of a body of men, interested in the extension of disputes, will be superceded. By these means more than one half of the evil will be eradicated.
Having advanced thus far in reforming the administration of justice, legislatures will provide effectual means for carrying justice completely into effect. We have seen that under the present system this is only done in name; the reality is never obtained. They will provide that every man, who claims from another property unjustly withheld, may resort without any expense in the first instance to the courts of justice. Thus will justice be placed within the reach of the poor as well as the rich. Provision will be made for prompt decision; which, when made, will cause justice to be done in so decisive a manner as fully to compensate the injured party, and of course to punish, with sufficient severity, the man who has invaded another's rights. For instance, estimating the time during which a creditor has been withheld from the enjoyment of that which appears to have been justly due to him, instead of awarding the legal interest of six per cent. it will award fifteen or twenty per cent. being a sum somewhat over that which might have been made by the creditor by the use of the property recovered, in common business. This provision can alone effectually insure a full restitution of property, and will alone be a sufficient punishment for injustice. By these means, the great remaining causes of delay and litigation will be cut up. None but a madman will rush from one evil into a greater. Contracts made will be complied with, not from moral principle, so indistinctly felt by too large a portion of men, but from the powerful and unceasing inducements of interest.
One other provision will be necessary. In case of unjust suits, it will be necessary to allow high damages to the defendant. Thus will many a vindictive spirit be curbed in the indulgence of a criminal resentment.
As connected with a prompt recovery of debts, a point of considerable importance has, for some years past, occupied the attention of the legislature of a neighbouring state (Penn). A strong impression having been made that the jury trial in civil cases is productive of great delay, expense and injustice, a law has been proposed, and has recently passed for submitting causes to the arbitration of three persons. Hence has arisen a contest conducted with too much acrimony, on the constitutionality as well as expediency of the substitution of arbitrations in the place of jury trials.
(To be concluded in our next.)
Late Foreign Articles.
LONDON, July 13.
A letter from Paris, of the 24th received in London, states, that an air of mystery seems to pervade every public undertaking in that city. Gen. Moreau, it seems, embarked from Perpignan for America, and this only a few days after he had been permitted to furnish his apartments in the temple according to his own taste. A number of persons arrested in February last, as a measure of public safety, have only recovered their liberty upon condition of fixing their residence at certain places under the inspection of police.
A French publication by Dr. De Carro, states, that there is a village called Ayes Ago, near Constantinople, where the cowpox is epidemical, and where, of course, all the inhabitants are naturally vaccinated. The consequence is, that none but infants are attacked by the small pox, & amongst these villages the plague is totally unknown. The senators La Fevre and St. Suzanne, both have served under Moreau, negotiated between him and Bonaparte, & caused the former, who, since his condemnation,
has shewn more character than he did before, to accept of the offer to go to America, with the value of all his property, & an annuity of 10,000 livres. He declined the place of a governor in the isle of France, saying, he would never acknowledge Bonaparte as an emperor, or serve under him as such. Madame Moreau, on account of the tender age of her child, was desired to remain in France 12 months longer, but she accompanied her husband, and many think she will embark with him. Her mother remains yet in Paris, employed in disposing of their property. It is said that Bonaparte intends to purchase Moreau's country seat, Grosbois, for his brother Louis. The Tribune Moreau, & all the other members of Moreau's family, will settle in North America. It is even said, that several generals, as Souham, Maedonald, Lecourbe and others, intend to join their friend Moreau, in the United States.
July 14. Letters from Leghorn of the 12th June, inserted in the Moniteur of the 28th ult. mentioned that the Mamelukes, on the 23d last March, not only retrieved their former losses, but defeated the united Turks and Aurnauts, killed 2000 of them, and forced the remainder to shut themselves up at Cairo, where they are now blockaded by 12000 united Mamelukes, Bedouins, and Fellahs, who it is supposed will soon be masters of the capital of Egypt.
Accounts from Constantinople mention the death of Ghezzar Pacha, the governor of St. Jean d'Acre, & Damascus; his age and infirmities had long rendered this event a matter of expectation. His government it is said, is given to Ibrahim Pacha of Aleppo, whose son succeeds him in that city. Housched Pacha, the provisional governor of Egypt, is confirmed in that office.
PHILADELPHIA, September 3.
Letters from Liverpool to the 13th July, are received in town, per the John Adams, arrived at Baltimore. Those which we have seen, contain nothing new. Her London dates will be some days later than our last accounts. These will be received by the next mail.
A letter from Capt. Stewart of the brig Syren, dated April 25, to his friend in this city, announces the capture by him of the brig Transfer, a Grecian Vessel, from the Archipelago, laden with valuable merchandise, and 19 Turkish soldiers bound to Tripoli. The commodore had valued, equipped, and taken her into the service of the U. States. The Syren was to proceed the following day to join the blockade of Tripoli.
The following letter gives an account of another capture by our vigilant and enterprising squadron:—
Extract of a letter from an officer on board the United States schooner Nautilus, dated
Syracuse, April 21.
"We send you a brig we captured off Tripoli, standing in, under English colors, in violation of the declaration of the blockade of that port. Being advised by commodore Preble, we send her to America for adjudication. We had an engagement for an hour, with 11 gun-boats off Tripoli, within half gun shot of the batteries. We drove them into port, without any loss on our side."
Extract of a letter from Williamsport, Lycoming county, dated August 22d, 1804.
"It is probable you have heard that the Yankees on Tioga shot Edward Gobin; this has put a stop to all business in that country; they since say he was the wrong person, they meant to shoot the surveyor Henry Donnell. They are forty men in arms on the Tioga, from Sugar Creek and other parts. Gillet, sometime after Gobin was shot came with upwards of thirty persons on to the tract in the name of Mark Wilcocks, and cut the hay. The person it is leased to fears they will take his life, and for sometime has kept to his house. I am informed that at Tioga point, they have shot and burnt an effigy of Henry Donnell, & threaten that if he or any other officer should go into that country, they should not leave it alive. They have stopped travellers and made them give an account of themselves. One of the settlers is now in Williamsport, who had leased a tract of land; he fled the country fearing his life would be taken, and numbers have under like apprehensions removed into the state of New York."
NORFOLK, September 1.
Letters as late as the 3d July have been received from official characters in Madrid, to respectable gentlemen in this place, which state, "That the Spanish King has refused to ratify the treaty entered into concerning LOUISIANA; that he is much offended at the precipitate manner in which the country passed laws and took possession of that part of his territory; and that nothing but revoking those laws can appease his mighty wrath!"
It is our opinion, that much penetration is not required to guess at the engine that sets the humdrum CAROLUS III to spout. It certainly cannot be the "upstart Emperor of the Gauls,"—but some think it is.
On Monday the 17th day of September, will be Sold, at Goochland Courthouse, for Cash,
Four Negroes....to wit:
Judy, Henry, Peyton and Isham, conveyed to us by a deed of trust from Samuel Randolph, to secure to Daniel Couch & Co. the payment of seventy three pounds eighteen shillings & 4d 1/2, with interest thereon from the 8th of June, 1804, and the expenses of carrying into effect this trust. CH. F. BATES, ROBERT H. WOODSON } Trustees. September 7th, 1804.

The Virginia Argus.
RICHMOND:
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1804.
RICHMOND PRICE CURRENT.
Table with 2 columns: Item, Price. Items include Tobacco, Wheat, Flour, Corn, Hemp, Iron, Bacon, Whiskey.
UNPLEASANT SYMPTOMS.
From the Mississippi Herald, August 7. Extract of a letter, dated August 7. "Returning this morning from the vicinity of Little Bayou Sara..."
While writing, a party of men and women have passed in ribbons and plumage... Extract of another letter, dated August 8th...
The K. —, and their party amounting as I am informed to nearly three hundred men, set out yesterday to take Baton Rouge.
FROM THE PHILADELPHIA GAZETTE.
WAR WITH SPAIN INEVITABLE.
The following communication is received by a merchant of this city, from a source upon which perfect reliance may be placed.
MADRID, July 16, 1804.
The application of the American minister on the subject of the convention, has at length drawn from this court, the following propositions...
1. That time be allowed to give notice to their subjects of the Convention, which has not yet been done...
2. That the article relating to Prizes, carried into Spanish ports by French cruisers be totally expunged...
3. That the act of the United States authorising the President to establish one or more ports on the river Mobile be immediately repealed.
After a proper remonstrance by the American Minister on the subject, he demanded his passports, and will actually depart from hence in the course of the ensuing week.
It is expected that all the Americans will be obliged to leave this place in a few days.
Nothing of course but war is spoken of. Nevertheless Mr. Yrujo, is instructed with full powers, and it may happen that what could not be obtained here, will be granted at Washington.
The people of this country affect to treat with contempt any opposition on the part of the United States, as they have (from your side) such information as leads them to believe that America is only a great merchant who calculates upon the probable loss or gain by a war or peace...
Nevertheless if we except the French, there is no other nation that they so much apprehend mischief from. Your vicinity to their colonies, and the mild principles of your republican government is a constant source of anxiety to them...
General Moreau, is now at Barcelona, on his way to America, where he means to pass the remainder of his life, by permission of the Emperor.
Even this circumstance has given some alarm here.
CADIZ—By a respectable mercantile friend we have been favored with the perusal of a letter from Cadiz, dated July 21. It states the great scarcity and high price of flour, which has been enhanced by a recent prohibition at Italy and Sicily of the exportation of flour from those places...
principal supply. The prices it was expected would be supported.
PRICES CURRENT—CADIZ, JULY 21. Table with 2 columns: Item, Price. Items include Rice, Kidney beans, Yellow bees-wax, Wax candles, Wheat, Flour, Indian corn, Beef per bbl, Pipe staves, Other staves, Hogshead per lb.
The Governor of this Commonwealth has issued his proclamation, offering the reward of Eight Hundred Dollars for the arrest of the person who lately shot Edward Gobin...
FROM THE AMERICAN CITIZEN. "OUR BEST FRIENDS"—His majesty's "servants" at the hook persevere in their acts of amity.
The American ship John, Patterson, master, from Bordeaux, belonging to Thebaud and Longchamp, merchants, arrived on Sunday last. As if resolved to try what pitch British insult and aggression might be carried, the Leander chased, and when but eight miles east of the hook, with the pilot on board, commenced and kept up a continual fire...
Apprehensions for the safety of the Leander induced her commander to discontinue the chase. Arrived in four fathoms water, the Leander was fearful of pursuing the John any farther lest she should ground.
Extracts of a letter from a gentleman in Staunton to his friend in this town, dated the 17th of August, 1804.
"On my way up I called at Monticello—I cannot describe my admiration of Mr. Jefferson, or my amusement with the numberless curiosities interspersed about the house, among which, that itself, is not the least striking. This situation is so grand and beautiful, that it appears to have been formed by nature for its present possessor."
"I was astonished that a man who had received so many honors and attentions, from nations as well as individuals, from his own as well as foreign countries—who was the acknowledged idol of a majority of a people, should be so modest, so affable and so unassuming. His life is the most able advocate that human nature has found in any climate, and the best answer that has ever been made to such as would abuse and impeach its perfection."
The Providence, (R.I.) Phenix of the 29th August says, "As far as we can learn, the Hon. Joseph Stanton, and Nehemiah Knight, Esq's. are re-elected without opposition."
FROM THE COLUMBIAN GAZETTE.
The federal Cognoscenti have lately given us a striking specimen of their foreign sight and depth of judgment. Bonaparte is created emperor, and the cause is—democracy. Ergo, the United States will have an emperor because the people prefer a democratic to an aristocratic form of government.
Such might have been the fate of America, had not the steady patriots of our country watched the growing evil, and arrested the base designs of those who would wish to seat themselves in hereditary chairs, and invest themselves with aristocratic authority...
WELLS.
C. Cavert Devaux, of the society of agriculture, of the department of the Seine, in France, has published a method of restoring the utility of wells, and procuring water in almost every situation. The ground is perforated by a borer. In the perforation is placed a wooden pipe, which is driven down with a mallet, after which the boring is again continued, that the pipe may be driven still farther, in proportion as the cavity of the borer becomes loaded...
borer becomes loaded, it is stopped and emptied, and in time, by the addition of new portions of wooden pipe, the boring is carried to great depths, and water is generally obtained. It depends on circumstances, whether the result shall be a well or a fountain...
In this case, the best and only remedy is, that here recommended. In order to recover the water in these dry wells, it is necessary to perforate the bottom, insert a cylindrical pipe, and proceed in search of water at a greater depth.
When wells have in large towns been rendered useless, by drains from privies infecting the ground, the well must first be emptied, and the bottom perforated, so as to reach the lower body of water which being thus insulated by the cylindrical pipe, rises pure into the body of the pump, which is fixed for that purpose.
An experiment on the plan of Mr. D was lately made at Charleston (S.C.) by a Mr. Longstreet with the happiest success. This gentleman conceived the idea, that by penetrating 40 or 50 feet he would get below the bad water, and find a plentiful supply of a purer fluid than the surface afforded. Having penetrated about 12 feet from the surface, muddy brackish water filled the well fast, and after he had continued to the depth of 20 feet it finally overcame the most strenuous exertions to empty it.
From the Boston Centinel. Mr. Russell—The tale of "Alonzo, the brave, and the fair Imogen," with others of similar kind, have alarmed many a bold lover, and terrified many a delicate maiden.
A TALE OF WONDER!! "NOW the laugh shakes the hall, and the rudely wine flows; Who, who is so merry and gay? LEMONA is happy, for little she knows Of the monster so grim, that lay hush'd in repose, Expecting his evening prey."
While the music play'd sweet, and with tripping light Bruno danc'd thro' the maze of the ball; LEMONA reird and her maidens in white Led her up to her chamber, and bid her good night, Then went down again to the hall.
The monster of blood now extended his claws, And from under the bed did he creep; With blood all besmeard he now stretch'd out his paws, With blood all besmeard, he now stretch'd out his jaws To feed on the Angel asleep.
He seiz'd on a vein, and he gave such a bite, And he gave with his fangs such a tug; She shriek'd!—BRUNO ran up the stairs in a fright—The guests follow'd after—when brought to the light Lord ha' mercy! they cried—what a BUB!
DIED. On Sunday last at New-York, Commodore JAMES NICHOLSON, in the 69th year of his age. The revolutionary services of this veteran patriot—the ardor and firmness with which he has ever exerted himself to protect the liberties and advance the interests of his country—with the correctness and integrity of his character in private life—procured him the general esteem of his fellow citizens while living, and ensure their respectful regards for his decease.
Departed this life, on Friday the 7th inst. Mr. DANIEL BOYCE, of Goochland county, in the 52d year of his age.
The Races at Charlottes-
ville will commence on the 10th day of October next. The first day a SWEEPSTAKE for Colts of 3 years old, two mile heats, 4 Cols entered. The subscription will continue open till the 20th of next month; fifty dollars entrance, and half forfeit if those entering fail to run.
TO RENT,
Till the 27th May, 1805, THE TENEMENT, Near Mr. Wythe's, on Shockoe Hill, lately occupied by Mr. L. BURFOOT. For further particulars apply to WILLIAM M. KIM. Richmond, Sept. 8th, 1804.
Notice, Is hereby given, that I shall be ready to receive PROPOSALS for furnishing the Public Guard with RATIONS until the first day of October next, on or before which time, all persons desirous of engaging in that business are desired to come forward. THO: UNDERWOOD. Richmond, 29th Aug. 1804.
Notice.
Valuable Lands for Sale. At Hanover Courthouse on Wednesday the 24th day of October next, will be exposed to sale, at Auction, TWO TRACTS OF LAND; one of them containing 775 1/2 acres more or less, and is commonly known and called by the name of BIRN'S TRACT...
Forty Dollars Reward.
RAN away from the subscriber last night, a negro man named BILLIE, about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, straight and well made, about 22 years of age, bushy hair, rather light complexion, and has lost some of his teeth before. He has waited in my house for nearly four years; he formerly belonged to Peter Heiskell and John Bowyer, and was sold by Bowyer to Mr. Booke of Fincastle, and ran away from him and was gone nearly 12 months, and was caught in Hanover, where he had been secreted in a quarter.
WILL BE SOLD,
For ready money, on Saturday the 15th of December next, if fair, if not, on the succeeding Monday.
A Tract of Land,
Lying in the county of Chesterfield, near Swift creek mill, it being the same tract on which Mr. Francis Lockett, sen. dec. lived, supposed to contain two hundred acres more or less. The sale will take place on the premises. Any person or persons who have claims upon the above tract of land, are hereby notified to come forward with them previous to the day of sale:—Also, all persons who have claims of any kind whatsoever against the estate of the said Francis Lockett, sen. are desired to make them known to us, for we intend as soon as possible to close our executorship, and after which this notice will be plead in bar to the payment of any claim or demand upon the estate.
ARTHUR AIKEN, and ELAM LOCKETT, executors for Francis Lockett, sen. deceased. 4t 125*
VIRGINIA:
At a Court held for Halifax county, the 31st day of May, 1804.
Mary Walden, executrix of Samuel Walden, deceased, plaintiff. Against Samuel Clay, executor of Richard Jones, deceased, who was executor of Thomas Eskine, deceased, John Blane and Jesse Hood, defendants.
The defendant Samuel Clay, not having entered his appearance and given security agreeable to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state: On the motion of the plaintiff, her counsel, It is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the fourth Monday in November next, and answer the plaintiff's bill; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A copy—Teste, JOHN BARKSDALE, D. H. O.
Negroes for Sale.
AT Halifax Courthouse, on the 7th day of December next, the subscriber will sell, to the highest bidder, Fifteen Likely Negroes, Consisting of three valuable young fellows three w. and their children. The terms of sale will be one half cash, and the balance payable in six and nine months. JOHN B. SCOTT. Sept. 10th, 1804.
Notice,
Is hereby given, that on Saturday, being the eighth day of September next, at Brooks's tavern, in the town of Manchester, I shall proceed to sell, at Public Auction,
The following Property,
To wit:—Five unimproved LOTS in the town of Manchester, designated and known in the plan of said town by the Nos 23, 24, 38, 54 and 86—Also, one TRACT, containing 2 3/4 acres, adjoining the said town, near to the canal—Also, one other LOT, in the said town, with the improvements thereon, being part of lot No 60, near the entrance of the turnpike road, and lately in the occupancy of Thomas Glover—conveyed to me in trust, by Henry Robertson, to satisfy a debt due to Mr. James Dawe. Terms of sale, one half in hand and the residue on a credit of twelve months, with a trust upon the property for the punctual payment thereof, and interest from the day of sale. LINGTON WOOD, Trustee. Richmond, 21st Aug. 1804.
The sale of the above mentioned property is postponed until Friday the 20th inst. when the same will certainly be made, weather permitting. September 8th, 1804.
Cologne Mill Stones.
THE subscribers have for sale a few pairs of COLOGNE MILL STONES. MACMURDO & FISHER. Sept. 10th, 1804.
Taken up by John P. Ste-
ger, jun. in the county of Powhatan, in the month of April last, a BAY HORSE, about four feet nine inches high, about nine or ten years old, paces, and shod all round—appraised to sixty dollars. I do certify that the above described horse has been posted as the law directs. JAMES POINDEXTER, C. F. C. Powhatan, August 20th, 1804.
FOR SALE,
A very likely Negro Man,
Who is an excellent Sawyer. Apply to THO: TAYLOR & CO. v. m. Sept. 3d, 1804.
Notice.
THE LOCKS near this place will be shut on Monday the 24th instant, and continue impossible until a set of new Gates can be put up, and the Locks repaired, which will require from two to three weeks—This notice will be given of the time they will probably open, after the work commences. ROBERT POLLARD. Richmond, September 6, 1804.
FOR RENT,
A LARGE AND COMMODIOUS Lumber House,
On the bank of the Basin of the Canal, with four floors and a dry cellar, well calculated to receive either flour or tobacco. For terms apply to JOHN CUNNINGHAM & Co. Richmond, Sept. 1st, 1804.
Notice.
Application will be made to the next General Assembly, praying that an act may pass to vest in the subscriber, the right of the Commonwealth to a lot in the town of Charlottesville, No 50, which formerly belonged to Thomas West, dec. FREDERICK GAUDER. Charlottesville, July 20th, 1804.
Notice.
My agency as Attorney in fact for Mrs. Polly I. Holman, (late Mrs. Polly I. Cocke), now deceased. All the papers of every description are deposited with Capt. George Holman, to whom in future applications must be made by those who have business with the executrix of Richard Cocke, dec. RO. B. PAYNE. Columbia, Sept. 1st, 1804.
Public Notice,
IS HEREBY GIVEN,
THAT the Common Hall of the City of Richmond, will at their next monthly meeting, proceed to recommend to the Court of Hustings for the said City, one fit and proper person to be appointed a Constable of the said City in the room of Leighton Wood, who hath resigned. (By order of the Hall) ANDREW STEVENSON, C. C. H.
JUST PUBLISHED,
By Samuel Piccadilly, Jun. for sale, by the gross, dozen, or single, at his Printing Office and Book-Store, Richmond;
The Virginia Almanack,
FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1805: Being the first after Bissextile or Leap Years. Adapted to the latitude and meridian of Richmond.
Calculated by BENJAMIN BATES, of Hanover County, Virginia.
Containing besides the astronomical calculations—the Virginia delegation to congress; officers of the commonwealth; members of both houses of the state legislature; members of the privy council; judges of the superior courts; Quakers' general meetings; district and county court days in this state; a short mode of calculating interest; a number of useful recipes; tables of gold coin; the coins of the United States, established by law; an essay on various important agricultural subjects, by Joseph Cooper; original and selected poetry; anecdotes; maxims, &c.; Roads from Richmond to Charlottesville, (s. c.)—from Richmond to the Sweet Springs—and from Richmond to Portsmouth (N. H.), &c. &c. &c. A great allowance made to wholesale purchasers. September 8th, 1804. wtf
Surry Jockey Club.
WILL be run for, over the course at Surry Courthouse, on Thursday the first day of November next, THE SURRY JOCKEY CLUB PURSE of THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY DOLLARS, three mile heats.—And on Friday, the PURSE of the Proprietor of the course, of ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY DOLLARS, two mile heats. All persons wishing to start horses, &c. for the latter purse, will be required to pay an entrance of twenty dollars, except members of the Club, and from them an entrance of eight dollars will be expected.—The weights of the course are as follows: Aged Horses 130. 6 Years Old 120. 5 Years Old 110. 4 Years Old 100. 3 Years Old 86. CHARLES H. GRAVES, Secretary.
A meeting of the Club will be held at Mr. David Price's Tavern, on the evening preceding the first day's race. Surry Courthouse, 1st Sept. 1804. tN.
The day following the above races (Saturday) will be run for over the same course, a SWEEPSTAKES for three and four year old Cols, entrance fifty dollars, half forfeit, two mile heats, carrying the weights of the course. The subscription for which will be kept open until the Friday before. Stables and litter furnished race horses as usual, gratis. DAVID PRICE, proprietor of the course. Surry Courthouse, 1st Sept. 1804.
Tickets in the Wil-
iam & Mary College Lottery are for sale at this office. Purchasers to the number of ten tickets may be accommodated with a credit of sixty days from the commencement of drawing.

Scottville Jockey Club. On the second Thursday in September, will be run for over the Scottville course, the Jockey Club Purse of ONE HUNDRED POUNDS , three mile heats; weights as follows: Aged Horses, lbs. 133 Six years old, 128 Five ditto, 117 Four ditto, 106 Three ditto, 99 Mares and Geldings allowed three pounds. 19* WILLIAM ARCHER, Sec'y
Notice.....The office of supervisor of the revenue, for the district of Virginia, being discontinued, and the unfulfilled liabilities in the said office transferred to me—the collectors of the direct tax & internal revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay and pay the balances due to the United States—And that those who have been held in the district of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal, costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent. per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT, M. V. D. June 27th 1804.
To be let, on building Leases, three beautiful, airy and elevated situations for dwelling houses. To any gentleman in the mercantile line, or other occupation, who wishes a pleasant and agreeable residence for his family, either of these sites would be truly desirable, as they are contiguous to the scene of active business, at the same time that they are removed from the dust and bustle of the town. Enquire at this printing-office. An experienced, sober and industrious GARDENER will hear of an advantageous situation on application as above. None of opposite character need apply. tf April 23, 1804.
4439 Acres of valuable LAND, In the south of Kentucky, the greater part military, will be SOLD for good bonds, or exchanged for property in the state of Virginia.—Enquire of the printer. tf Dec. 26th, 1803
Plaster of Paris. I have just received from Nova Scotia, a cargo of PLASTER OF PARIS , said to be of the best kind, which I will sell on reasonable terms. SAMUEL PAINE May 14, 1804.
MADEIRA WINE, Of a superior quality, which we offer for sale by the hogshead and quarter cask. GIBSON & JEFFERSON. Richmond, 12th July, 1804. (tf)
SIR, BELOW is a list of three hogsheads of TOBACCO , which have lain in this Warehouse upwards of two years without being claimed, which the law requires shall be advertised to be sold at the expiration of three months, at our Courthouse, Fairfax county. You will please advertise accordingly. I. H. No. 226 642 115 527, April 8, 1801. M. F. G. 370 1135 135 1000, June 13, 1801. Do. 372 1113 122 995, June 13 1801. COULTER & HAMPTON, Inspectors at Colchester. To the Printer for the Public. 3m
TICKLETOBY Will stand the next season, at my stable in the upper end of Chesterfield county, five miles from Goodlee's and Bevil's Bridges and twelve from Genito.—The terms, his pedigree and performance will be made known before the season commences THOMAS BRANCH.
CASH SALE OF LAND, IN ALBEMARLE. ON September 15th, will be SOLD in Charlottesville, to the highest bidder, for Cash, the TRACT OF LAND , lying on the east side of Rivanna, over against Charlottesville, containing about 600 acres, with a new commodious Dwelling-House. Two years of a lease under good restrictions have to run after this. The land is all of the South-West Mountain quality, and though much injured in parts, is in general still very good, and all reclaimable. The sale proceeds from a deed of trust to indemnify against loss as security and bail, which was executed in December, 1802, by William Bache of Pennsylvania, to THOMAS M. RANDOLPH. July 25. tds
I AM INCLINED TO SELL, The TRACT OF LAND I live on, lying in Hanover county, 14 miles from Richmond, and about 5 from Hanover Town and Newcastle. By survey the tract contains two hundred and twenty-seven acres. The buildings are comfortable and in good repair; with a good barn, stable, &c.; a large and extensive garden of two acres of ground, well inclosed, with sawed palings, on a declivity of twenty feet perpendicular, facing well to the sun. There is not a more healthy spot between the mountains and the sea. This place is particularly recommended as a retreat in the sickly season, either from the lower country or towns of the state. The sale will take place publicly at Hanover Courthouse, on the fourth Wednesday in October next, being the first day of the court of the county. In case the land is sold, I would then sell the CROPS, STOCK, &c. and perhaps some NEGROES. SAM'L. RICHARDSON, Jr. 3d September, 1804. tds
Notice. ALL persons indebted to the estate of JOHN DAWSON, dec. of Amherst county, by bond, notes or otherwise, are requested to come forward immediately and discharge the same.—And those having claims against the estate, are also requested to bring them forward legally authenticated, that they may be discharged. JOHN S. DAWSON, Administrator of JOHN DAWSON, dec. August 10, 1804. 3m
WANTED TO HIRE OR PURCHASE, A WET NURSE Without a child of her own.—Enquire of the Printer. Auditor's Office, 10th August, 1804. THE Commissioners of the Revenue are requested to send, as soon after the fifteenth of September as possible, to this office, by post, a list of licences granted to merchants in their respective counties or corporations. (4w) SAM. SHEPARD Aud.
PRIVATE TUTOR. A YOUNG MAN qualified to teach the Latin, Greek, and French languages, who can be well recommended, wishes to undertake the tuition of a small school, in some genteel private family.—Further particulars may be known by letter directed to Lindsay's Post Office, Albermarle county, and addressed to F. M. (tf) 7th August, 1804.
Notice to Distillers. WANTED, a MAN who understands the Distilling Business in all its various branches—For such a one great wages will be given. For further particulars apply to the Editor of this paper. N. B. A Single man will be preferred. tf
Mediterranean Passports. NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean Passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the eighth day of July next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel, for which application may be made on a compliance with the terms prescribed by law and surrendering the former passports of which she may be possessed, if any, in which latter case no fees will be required for the exchange; and that by an arrangement agreed upon by the Barbary powers, with whom we are at peace, either the old or the new form of passport will be sufficient to protect the vessels of the United States, from capture until the 1st of July 1805, after which the old form of passport will be unavailable and the new one alone in use. Department of State } 23d of May, 1804. }
The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazettes twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the Customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices June 1 6m
Family Flour. A CONSTANT supply of FLOUR, of a superior quality, for family use, kept for SALE, by GEORGE WATT. Richmond, 5th March, 1804 tf
Mr. Abraham Sanderfer. SIR, TAKE NOTICE, that I shall on Saturday the fifteenth day of September next, take the Depositions of Benjamin Allen, John Price, Abner Watson and others, at the dwelling house of John Lancasters in the county of Cumberland, between the hours of nine o'clock in the forenoon, and five o'clock in the afternoon of this day aforesaid, in the suit depending in the Superior Court of Chancery of the Richmond District, between myself complainant, and yourself defendant, agreeable to a commission issued from court on the 11th day of June last. Your very humble servant, STEPHEN COOKE. August 16th, 1804. 3w
N. B. I have taken this method of giving notice to Mr Sanderfer, not knowing where he resides, nor of his having any agents to whom I could give notice
Robert Greenhow, MERCHANT IN WILLIAMSBURG, Has just received, by the Commerce, Capt. Bowens, direct from London, a SUPPLY OF Useful & fashionable Goods By the Brutus, Capt Bun e, who is daily expected from Liverpool, his Woollens, Ironmongery, &c. will be received. All of which, being purchased with cash, from the manufacturers themselves, will be found good in their respective kinds; and as such offered on as low terms as they can be afforded, to his friends and countrymen, whose orders will always meet with his wonted attention. August 25th 1804 3m
Valuable Property FOR SALE. BY virtue of a deed of trust executed by Richard and Dabney of King William county, to the subscriber, to secure and to satisfy a debt due from the said Richard to Cornelius Dabney, administrator with the will annexed, of Owen Dabney, dec. will be offered to SALE, on the fourth Wednesday in September next, at Hanover county court house, to the highest bidder, for ready payment, in current money. GEO: WM. SMITH. Richmond, August 27th, 1804 tds
SUNDRY SLAVES, Consisting of men women and children, one Brood Mare, about 8 years old by Lamplighter, two small Horse Colts about 2 years old by Americane, the noted Stud Horse called Hanover, one Waggon and Gear, and 3 Horses, one excellent Cair Horse about 9 years old, and one Bay Mare Colt, by Americane. WILLIAM WOODS. JAMES KINSOLVING. September 3d, 1804.
TO HIRE, For the remainder of the year, an excellent House Servant. Enquire at this office August 21st. 1804
KNOWSLEY, (The property of William Lighfoot, esq. of Charles City), to stand the next season at William Wood's, in Albermarle, ten miles above Charlottesville. The terms of covering will be made known in due time. KNOWSLEY will be at his stand by the 15th of the present month. WILLIAM WOODS. JAMES KINSOLVING. September 3d, 1804.
(By Authority.) SCHEME OF A LOTTERY, CLASS NO. I. To Build an Academy in the City of Richmond.
  3750 Tickets at 10 dolls. each. dolls. 37,500   1 Prize of dolls. 5000 dolls. 5000   1 do. 2000 2000   5 do. 1000 5000   10 do. 500 5000   20 do. 300 6000   20 do. 100 2000   1500 do. 12 18000.—37,500 
1542 Prizes. 2208 Blanks. 3750 Tickets at 10 dolls. each. 1st drawn ticket having a blank to its number after 2000 tickets are drawn, dolls. 1,000 Do. after 2500 do are drawn, 1,000 Do. after 3000 do are drawn, 1,000 Do. after 3500 do are drawn, 1,000 Last drawn ticket, 5,000 This Lottery has been authorised by the Legislature of Virginia, for the laudable purpose of erecting a Seminary of Learning in or near the metropolis of this state. With this view, it is contemplated to raise 20,000 dollars, and 2,500 dollars in addition, for defraying the expenses of drawing, &c. The Trustees to ensure success, have divided the Lottery into four distinct classes, so as to raise the sum contemplated by an annual Lottery, for four years, to raise every year 5000 dollars, that the work may progress; it is expected that the present Lottery may be drawn by the first day of January next. It is hoped that the gentlemen who have purchased Tickets in the Richmond Academy will still hold them, as the division of the former Lottery into four classes was deemed necessary by the trustees to insure success to so useful an institution. The town of Boston (to the honor of its citizens) has public schools in which are about sixteen hundred pupils. The flourishing and increasing city of Richmond cannot boast of one public school. The Trustees of the Richmond Academy, have about thirteen acres of ground, nearly one half is accepted as a donation, and the remainder they have contracted for, on which they intend to erect the Academy. The site is elevated, healthy and beautiful. If any gentleman who has purchased tickets is dissatisfied with dividing the Lottery into four classes, if he returns the tickets the money will be repaid, provided they are returned in ten weeks from this day. Doct. William Foushee, William Du Val, William Price, (Register), and George Tucker, are appointed by the Trustees to see and dispose of the Tickets, who are authorised to appoint agents for the above purpose. * Tickets may be had of the said committee, of Doct John Brackenbrough, jr. Samuel Pleasants, jr and William Prichard. Richmond, Sept. 1st, 1804 3w
Scheme of a Lottery, For the benefit of WILLIAM & MARY COLLEGE FIRST CLASS. 8000 Tickets at 10 dolls. 80,000
  2 Prizes, dolls. 10,000 20,000   60 of 500 30,000   2,000 of 15 30,000   80,000   Subject to a deduction of 15 per ct. 12,000   Expense of drawing, 2,000   Dollars, 10,000   First Ticket drawn, Dolls. 500   Last drawn, 10,000   1 other Prize of 10,000   59 other Prizes of 500 dolls. 29,500   2,000 of 15 dollars, 30,000   Dollars, 80,000 
  5,938 Tickets at 10 dolls. 59,380   4,685 ditto at 15 dolls. 70,930   130,310   Deduct loss on 2,052 tickets renewed at 2 1-2 5,155   Dolls. 125,155   2 Prizes of 20,000 dolls. 40,000   2 ditto of 10,000 dolls. 20,000   3 ditto of 5,000 15,000   50 ditto of 1,000 50,000   1 ditto 155   Dollars 125,155   Deduct 10 per cent. 12,500   Expenses of drawing, 2,500   Sum raised, Dolls. 10,000   Ticket first drawn, Dolls. 1,000   Ticket last drawn, 20,000   One other prize of 20,000   Two ditto of 10,000 20,000   3 ditto of 5,000 dolls. 15,000   49 ditto of 1,000 49,000   1 ditto 155   Dollars 125,155 
TICKETS May be had of George Tucker, Thomas Taylor, and Samuel Pleasants, jr. in Richmond; Robert Birchett, and Watkins Leigh, Petersburg; Thomas Newton, Dr Barrand, & Littleton W. Tazewell, Norfolk; Hugh Mercer, Fredericksburg; Henry Tucker, Winchester; Chapman Johnson, Staunton; and in all the towns in Virginia, and in many places in the country. JUST RECEIVED, At S. Pleasants' Book-Store, Richmond, a very elegant assortment of the best PEN-KNIVES, Which will be sold by the dozen or single.
TRAVELS IN GREECE. PROPOSALS, By JACOB JOHNSON, of PHILADELPHIA, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, THE TRAVELS OF ANACHARSIS THE YOUNGER, IN GREECE; During the Middle of the Fourth Century, Before the Christian era; WITH NOTES AND REFERENCES.
BY THE ABBE BARTHELEMY, Keeper of the Medals in the Cabinet of the King of France, and Member of the Royal Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres. TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH. First American, from the Fourth European Edition. IN FOUR VOLUMES. The work now offered to the American reader exhibits a complete view of the Antiquities, Manners, Customs, religious Ceremonies, Laws, Arts and Literature of Ancient Greece at the period of its greatest splendor. A knowledge of these has hitherto been only attainable by a laborious perusal of writers who have been little solicitous to join entertainment with instruction. The Travels of Anacharsis, on the contrary, are so written, that the reader may frequently be induced to imagine he is perusing a work of mere amusement, invention and fancy; till his eye glances to the bottom of the page, when he perceives there is scarcely a sentence, and not a single fact or circumstance, but is supported by the authority of some ancient author. The amazing number of these quotations may, perhaps, at first sight, seem to have been unnecessary, and to have more the appearance of a parade of erudition, than to be of any real utility; but it is to be remembered that, at the same time that they must be highly acceptable to the man of real learning, by enabling him to refer immediately to the original Author, they are extremely useful, nay, we may say, absolutely necessary, even to such readers as can never be supposed to have a very intention to consult the authorities quoted; as they clearly shew that such an idea, or such a circumstance is not merely a decoration or the offspring of the fancy of the author, but immediately taken from some ancient writer, and therefore perfectly accordant to the general scope and plan of the work.
TERMS. I. The first Edition in America of Anacharsis's Travels, will be comprised in four volumes octavo. II. It shall be printed on handsome wove paper and a new type casting for the purpose. Each volume will contain about 400 pages. III. The price to subscribers per volume, bound and lettered, will be two dollars: in boards 1 dollar and 75 cents, to be paid on delivery of each volume. The European edition sells at 12 dollars per set. IV. There shall be a handsome map of Greece given with the first volume, to be executed by one of the first engravers. Subscriptions received at S Pleasants' printing-office and bookstore, Richmond.
Nicholas Hallam, Two doors above the Swan-Tavern, Richmond has for sale, eight thousand wt. of American Cheese, Of the best quality, which he will sell on as good terms as can be bought in the state, by the single pound, or thousand. A constant supply of GROCERIES of the best kind—Also, A few bushels Northern POTATOES , for planting w6m
Committed to the jail of Albemarle county, a Negro Man who says he belongs to Mrs Ragland in the county of Louisa, near the Green Springs, and that he was hired out to a Mr Miller at the Iron Works over the Blue Ride. The owner is requested to prove property, pay charges and take him away, or he will be dealt with as the law directs. 3m THOS. WILLS, Jun. Jailor Albemarle county. July 28, 1804.
Westham Iron Foundry, NEAR RICHMOND. THE subscriber takes the liberty of informing the public that he has taken a lease and is at present working the above foundry; and having provided the best artists in that line from New-York and George-Town, together with Pig Iron of the first quality:— Proposes to cast—Mill gudgeons & Inks of every description; also, cast iron wheels for the machinery of mills; Rumford, registered and plain grates; grate front and bottoms, for Rumford fire-places; large and small stoves; caissons and cabin stoves; Franklin stoves for wood or coal; kitchen grates, with crane and range complete; cooch warmers; plain stoves and maul'd plates; cast railing of every pattern; plow shares and plow boards; cast waggon, coach, phaeton and chair boxes; scale weights from 1 to 60 lb.; saith and clock weights; patent taw irons for smiths, on a very approved plan; backs, jams and back lays; nail cutting machines with screws complete; wheel-barrow bowls; garden ditto; cast iron anvils; fire dogs and hand irons of every description—together with any other article in the casting line, to a given pattern, at the shortest notice, by application at the furnace, or to JAMES DUNLAP, in Richmond. 25th June, 1804. w8m P. S. Old Iron purchased by application as above.
Valuable Land for Sale. THE subscriber wishes to sell the TRACT OF LAND , whereon he now resides, in Chesterfield county, situate ten miles from Richmond, within two of James river, and about fourteen from Petersburg. This tract, independent of the many advantages arising from its local situation, has particular claims to the attention of any genteel family who may wish to obtain an agreeable seat contiguous to either of the abovenamed towns. It contains about one thousand acres; four hundred of which are supposed to be cleared, and have been for some years in cultivation. The soil, in point of fertility, is equal, if not superior to that of most of the land in the neighbourhood. The buildings are a large and well planned two story dwelling house with wings, an excellent kitchen and every other necessary out house sufficient for the accommodation of a large family. The terms of sale will be one fourth of the purchase money in hand, and the balance in three annual instalments. Bond and security, together with a deed of trust on the property, to ensure punctual payments, will be required. ARCHIBALD BOLLING. Chestnut Grove, Aug. 1st, 1804. w7o
Foolscap & Letter Paper For sale at this office.
Worthy the Attention of BUILDERS AND OTHER IMPROVING GENTLEMEN.
Stephen Brown, GUN-SMITH, &c. NORTH MARKET STREET, RICHMOND:
HAVING purchased Kennedy's patent right of using and vending to others to be used in this city, and the counties of Henrico and Goochland, his invention and improvement of fastening, raising and supporting Window Sashes by Springs and Knobs; proposes to supply gentlemen upon the shortest notice, with any number of those patent springs, with their latest and most complete improvements, at the price of fifty cents a piece, ready fitted and adjusted to the cash; or at thirty four cents, if taken from the shop. This abatement of sixteen cents is allowed to any gentleman who may prefer to have them set in by their own workmen, as the work is trifling; the abatement will be found to be liberal. Builders and others, who may require a quantity of those patent springs, will be accommodated with a generous allowance, on taking them by the gross. The above invention, for its utility, convenience and cheapness, will instantly convince any person who may examine it, that there was never any thing invented for the purpose, which could in any degree bear a competition with it. The former manner of fastening sashes by small bolts, and raising and supporting them by pulleys and leaden weights, was not only exceedingly complex, difficult and expensive; but was also liable to many accidents, as the wearing or breaking of a cord or pulley, &c. would prevent the whole machinery from performing its expected functions, and would require more expense in repairing alone, than would purchase the new invented patent spring. This spring will act as a safe bolt to prevent the window from being opened by rising from without, and by just touching the spring it may be raised from within to any convenient height, where it will rest with as much safety, as if it were supported by a pillar.
It is not surprising that an invention so useful, which is at once so simple and so convenient, should prove a temptation to some thoughtless workmen, who had not considered the consequences, to vend a spurious kind without authority. Such a mean conduct I have already detected, owing to the extreme badness of the work; and to complete the pitiful fraud their trash has been set into the windows in my name! But as I have paid one THOUSAND and FIFTY DOLLARS for the exclusive right to use and vend this patent within the city of Richmond, and the counties of Henrico and Goochland, I shall not fail to prosecute to the utmost rigour of the law, any person who shall in future attempt such a contemptible fraud. In order to secure gentlemen from any imposition in the above articles, the initials of my name (S. B.) shall be struck on the white metal knob, affixed to each of the springs, and those who are engaged to fix them in for me, shall be furnished with a written authority, and every such spring shall be WARRANTED by me. STEPHEN BROWN. N. B. Any orders for the above, will be received and punctually attended to if left at my shop as above, or at Mr Pritchard's Book store, where the model may be seen Old Weights and Pulleys, or any Old Metal, will be received in payment. S. B. July 9, 1804. tf
Doctor Wilson, HAS taken (as a temporary residence) the house lately occupied by Doct. Adams, opposite the Bell-Tavern, and intends to combine the Apothecaries business with the practice of Physic. He is now opening a part, and expects by the next arrivals from Philadelphia, a fresh and very general assortment of MEDICINES, And other articles in the Apothecaries line, which will be sold on the lowest terms. Orders from the country Recipes, &c. will be carefully attended to. Richmond, 25th June, 1804. w6m
LAND and NEGROES FOR SALE. Two hundred and ninety eight acres of land in the county of Cumberland, lying on both branches of Tearwater run, about two miles above the courthouse—about one third of this land is well timbered, and equal in quality to the best high land in its vicinity, it is well supplied with good water, and the situation is remarkably healthy; the buildings on it are tolerably convenient and at a small expense might be made comfortable for a family—there is a remarkable fine apple and peach orchard, and several other kinds of fruit trees thereon, which seldom miss bearing, and on the main road from north to south, which passes through it, there is a large distillery, malt-house, cellar and granary, well constituted to carry on the distilling business extensively. Also, for sale a Distiller, a Man Cook and some other valuable Slaves, together with the stock of Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Hogs, Carts and Farming Utensils, with some Household and Kitchen Furniture. If the above property is not disposed of by private sale before the 25th day of September next, the whole will on that day be set up on the premises, to the highest bidder, at public sale. Cash will be expected for all sums under twenty dollars, and on all purchases exceeding that sum, a credit of twelve months will be allowed, on giving bond with approved security, to bear interest from the date, which will be remitted on receiving punctual payment of the principal—a deed of trust on the land will be required to secure the payment for it. If agreeable to the purchasers, the Distillery, Stills, &c. and forty acres of Land adjoining, will be sold separately—but if not sold in this way, the Stills, Boiler and Distilling Utensils will be set up separately, to the highest bidder, on the same terms as the other property. The premises will be shown to any person wishing to purchase, by Lawrence Cartile, who resides thereon. LAWRENCE CARTILE JOHN & ED. CUNNINGHAM. July 3d, 1804. w8m
By Edward Hallam, At his Grocery Store, opposite the Swan Tavern 5000 Wt. excellent Salt Petre Bacon. Paunch Shot, by the bag or 100. Madeira, Teneriffe and Sherry Wines. Antigua, Jamaica and New-England Rum. Cogniac Brandy and Whiskey. Philadelphia Porter, by the bbl. 3 doz. each. Coffee by the bag—Molasses by the bbl. Loaf & brown Sugar—11yson & Imperial Teas 9 by 11 and 10 by 12 Window Glass. Bar Iron, Irish Potatoes, &c. The above articles will be sold low for ready pay. April 28, 1804. wtf
The subscriber has just received six thousand weight of first quality New-England Cheese, Which he will dispose of on moderate terms. READY MADE PENS For sale at this office.