The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-10-13 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM...payable in advance.
NUMBER 46.]
SATURDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 13, 1804.
[VOLUME 1.]
CONDITIONS.
 I. The ENQUIRER will appear twice a week...During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment FIVE DOLLARS per annum, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should they not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
"HIGHLY IMPORTANT."
THE republican printers throughout this state are requested to state in their papers, that the election for Electors of a President and Vice-President of the United States, will be held on the first Monday of November next, at the Court-house of each county and corporation in this commonwealth; and that the persons chosen as Electors, are to meet at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, on the first Wednesday in December next, to vote for a President and Vice-President.
NOTICE.
JOHN DUNSMIRE begs leave to inform his friends and the public, that the GROCERY BUSINESS, hitherto carried on by him, will in future be conducted under the firm of
DUNSMIRE & TURNER;
Who have on hand—A General Assortment of Articles in that Line, which they offer For Sale on reasonable terms. All those indebted to John Dunsmire, are requested to come forward and settle their accounts.
SALES AT AUCTION.
WITHOUT RESERVE, FOR APPROVED NOTES AT 3 AND 6 MONTHS.
THE Subscribers will begin to sell, on TUESDAY, the 16th day of October next, a very large and considerable assortment of
DRY GOODS:—AMONG WHICH ARE:
Superfine, fine and coarse Cloths and Cassimeres, Chintzes, Callicoes and India Cottons, Men and women's silk thread, cotton 3-woolled Hosiery, Marcellas, Dimities and Toons, Pongeehams, Durants and Wildbores, Men's, Ladies and Children's Hats, Ladies extra long and short silk and kid Gloves, Dumdames, caten and silk Hosiery, and Shawls. A most complete assortment of Cutlery, Hardware, and Plated Goods, &c. &c. &c.
The sale will be continued from day to day, until the whole are sold.
THOMAS TAYLOR & CO. V. M rs .
70 LIKELY NEGROES.
ANY person wishing to purchase about 70 Likely Negroes, may hear where he can be accommodated by applying at the Office of the Enquirer.
BROKER'S OFFICE.
THE Subscriber has opened a Broker's Office in one of the apartments above Mr. Burr's Store. All business confided to him, will be transacted with strict fidelity.
THOMAS NORFELL.
NOTICE.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of Capt. Thomas Nelson, late of King William County, are desired to bring them in, properly attested, to the Subscriber, who has qualified as executor of his father's will; and he takes this occasion to assure the creditors, that as soon as their accounts are liquidated and the balances ascertained, he will make ample provision to meet every just demand, as speedily as possible.
THOMAS CARTY NELSON.
FOR SALE,
At Louisa Courthouse, on the first Wednesday in December next,
152 VALUABLE SLAVES,
Consisting of Men, Women, Boys and Girls, belonging to the estate of Christopher Smith, dec. Among them is a valuable TANNER, regularly bred to the business. The Subscriber has refused to sell any of them privately, and they will certainly be offered at public sale at the time above mentioned. A credit till the 10th of February, 1805, will be given, on the purchasers giving bonds with approved security, to carry interest from the date; but if the principal is punctually paid, the interest will be remitted.
CHARLES SMITH,
Acting Executor of Christopher Smith, dec.
BATES'S ALMANAC—FOR 1805—Published by M rs . Davis & Courtney, may be had at the Office of the Enquirer.
A WET NURSE.
WANTED to hire or purchase, a Wet Nurse without a child of her own. Enquire of the Printers.
OLD MADEIRA, DRY LISBON, & PORT WINE
ROBERT GORDON & Co.
HAVE received by the Juliana from Madeira, 50 pipes selected old WINE, which they assure their friends proves to be excellent. They have also a few pipes, hogsheads and quarter-casks DRY LISBON and PORT WINE, imported by themselves direct from Lisbon and Oporto.
FALL GOODS.
They have received by the Charles and Edward from London, part of their FALL GOODS, and daily expect from Liverpool and Glasgow an extensive assortment of nearly every article usually imported.
BY BILLS OF LADING, SHERIFF'S BLANKS, BLANK BONDS, &c. &c. FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
BANK OF VIRGINIA.
AT a meeting of the President and Directors of the Bank of Virginia, on Thursday October 4th, 1804.
"RESOLVED, That the Bank commence Discounts on Tuesday next."
"RESOLVED, that the President, Cashier and other officers of the Bank, proceed to business on Monday next, in the Senate Room of the Capitol."
"RESOLVED, that it is expected, that any House or firm, consisting of more than one person, shall make a declaration of the names and surnames of the persons who compose such firm, and that each of the persons who reside in Richmond or Manchester, composing such firm, shall subscribe the Firm Book, and insert therein the names of his partner or partners."
N. B. Persons applying for discounts must lodge their Notes at the Bank on the Monday and Thursday of every week.
NEGROES—FOR SALE.
A LIKELY NEGRO WOMAN, about 36 years old, with three children; two Girls 13 and 8 years old, and a Boy 5 or 6. They are now living with Mrs. Brewer in Redford county, and will be sold low for cash. Apply to the Editor of The Enquirer, or the Subscriber.
LAURENCE MUSE.
Tappahannock, Sept. 29.
WASHINGTON TAVERN.
THE subscriber has taken a lease of this tenement for a number of years, and has put it in a state of repair which renders it not inferior to any in this City. Besides the Tavern he has detached buildings, well calculated to accommodate those who are anxious of greater privacy than a tavern usually affords. These tenements adjoin the public square, and are within two hundred yards of the Capitol. They have decided advantages over any other houses in this City, with respect to pure air and excellent water. He has good STABLES and a constant supply of the best FORAGE. He tenders his services to his friends and the public, and assures them, that no unlawful gaming, nor any other practice which might, in any degree, have a tendency to disturb the peace of his house, will ever be permitted.
EDWARD HALLAM.
Richmond, September 26. N. B. About thirty members of the next Assembly may be well accommodated, of whom eighteen have already engaged.
FALL GOODS.
WILLIAM TEMPLE has received by the ship Edward and Charles, from London, an extensive assortment of GOODS, suitable to the approaching season. He expects an additional supply, to complete his assortment, by the ship Sally from London, and Latona from Liverpool; which he will dispose of on his usual low terms.
EDUCATION.
THE Trustees of Winchester Academy acquire the public, that the Latin, Greek and French languages, together with Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, the use of the Globes, Euclid, and the practical branches of the Mathematics, are taught in the Academy, by the principal master and his assistants.
The school is provided with Globes and Maps, for the use of the lower classes; with Telfeet and an Electrical Machine; with an Air-pump, Barometer, and other parts of a Chemical and Philosophical apparatus, for making the usual experiments on Air, and exhibiting the properties of the different elastic fluids.
In their examinations of the school, the Trustees have been highly pleased with the plan of teaching and the proficiency of the Pupils; and are extremely happy in adding, that they believe most greatly increase the utility of the institution, that Judge White will, in future, deliver in the Academy, a Course of Lectures on the Laws and Constitutions of this State, and the United States.
These Lectures will commence annually on the first Monday in December, and continue until the last of the succeeding March, and it is confidently believed, that every exertion in his power, will be made by that gentleman, to render his Lectures beneficial to his Pupils, and worthy of public patronage.
JOHN SMITH, President of the Trustees.
September 22. (e d —5w.)
WANTED ON HIRE;
A WOMAN without a Child, who is a good Cook, Washer, and Ironer. Liberal wages are offered for one who can come well recommended. Also—A GIRL, from 12 to 16, who has been accustomed to wait in a house. Apply at the Enquirer Office.
LAND—FOR SALE.
I AM authorised to sell a Valuable Tract of Farming Land, lying within two miles of King and Queen Court House, and the same distance from the river: containing Six Hundred and Seventy-five acres. A bargain may be had if an early application is made to
JOHN TEMPLE.
Mediterranean Passports.
NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the 8th day of July next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel, for which application may be made on a compliance with the terms prescribed by law and surrendering the former passport of which the may be possessed, if any, in which latter case no fees will be required for the exchange: and that by an arrangement agreed upon by the Barbary powers with whom we are at peace, either the old or the new form of passport will be sufficient to protect the vessels of the United States, from capture until the 1st of July 1805, after which the old form of passport will be unavailable and the new one alone in use.
Department of State, } 23d of May, 1804. }
The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazettes twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices.
Printing,
IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE of the ENQUIRER.
VIRGINIA MAGAZINE.
Those gentlemen who have been kind enough to receive subscriptions for "The Virginia Magazine, or Monthly Miscellany," are requested to return lists of such names as they have been able to obtain, so soon as convenient, as the first number will certainly make its appearance on the first day of December next. There will be at least one elegant Copper Plate engraving attached to each number.
October 6. (st)
JUST RECEIVED BY THE SUBSCRIBERS, FOR PRIVATE SALE.
THREE Bales of INDIA COTTON, either by the bale or single piece.—Which if not disposed of before, will on Thursday the 1st day of November next, be sold positively without reserve for cash. PROSSER & MONCURE, V. M rs .
THE SUBSCRIBER HAS JUST RECEIVED FROM NORFOLK.
A CONSIGNMENT of 50 Barrels, 8 Tierces, & 2 Hhds. BROWN SUGAR, which he will sell reasonable for cash, or negotiable notes, at 60 days. He has also, COFFEE by the Barrel, and Spanish SEGARS by the Box, all of which articles are good in quality.
DANIEL TRIPLETT.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States.—And those whose lands have been held in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs.
As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next.
The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me.
JOSEPH SCOTT.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
MEMOIR,
IN JUSTIFICATION OF GENERAL MOREAU. [CONTINUED.]
THIRD CHARGE—Moreau promised to re-establish the Bourbons. A promise attested by reports circulated in London.
The particulars collected in the act of accusation, and upon which this charge is made, are as follows.
Ruffillon declares that Lajolais had asserted, in London, that Moreau, discontented with the government of the First-Consul, wished, and would with all his power aid in accomplishing, its overthrow.
Bouvet said that Lajolais confirmed all the hopes which, in London, had been built upon Moreau; that he had entered into the design of the princes; and promised that he would prevent the prince to the armies.
Rochelle affirmed that, in London, they calculated on Moreau; without saying that Lajolais was author of the reports.
And Roger (if we are to take the testimony of four gendarmes who guarded him in the temple) had heard it said that Moreau was one of the chiefs of the conspiracy.
Thus reports, the author of which is not ascertained, were circulated at London, that Moreau was a chief in the conspiracy of royalists: these reports are attested by two witnesses only, Rochelle and Roger; and two other persons under accusation, Ruffillon and Bouvet assure us that Lajolais had told the princes that Moreau had declared for them.
Behold all the testimony upon which this important fact must rest.
We will not consume our time in observing that, at the trial, some of these declarations were considerably varied and enfeebled. Bouvet in particular avowed that the royalists had been deceived by those who had promised Moreau to their party. He even recurred several times, with great energy, to the confidence he had with too much facility placed upon hearsays concerning Moreau.
Nor is it necessary to notice that the declaration said to have been made by Roger at the temple, was formally denied by him at the trial, in presence of two of the gendarmes who reported it; one of whom faltered, and another entirely retracted. This last was Gilbert, who expressly said that he knew not how the name of Moreau had crept into his deposition, as Roger had never, in his presence, spoken of him. He forcibly repeated this retraction three times.
We may also be allowed to pass over the improbability that Roger, who in all his examinations had denied every charge made against him, and had used all his efforts to free himself from that of being a conspirator, should afterwards, without any reason or provocation, foolishly avow, not to one only, but to a second, a third, and a fourth, successively, that he was so; that he had heard Moreau named as one of its chiefs; and this for the silly pleasure of placing a suicidal confidence in four persons utterly unknown to him.
Much less need we seek to divine the extraordinary motives, however a knowledge of them might invalidate the testimony, which could induce these four gendarmes to imbrue themselves into the confidence of their prisoner, and to draw him into such conversation as might suit their purpose; when their duty was merely to guard him, and be silent.
General Moreau is under no necessity of explaining this charge by any of these means.
We will then content ourselves with making, in this place, one observation, which is, that the act of accusation might have exhibited many other proofs equally substantial, had it pleased Mr. Attorney General to have availed himself of them. We are told that, last summer, many journalists, in London and America gave positive, aye printed, assurances to the public, that Gen. Moreau had raised the standard of revolt against the first consul, and proclaimed the princes of Bourbon; indeed the official Gazette of Paris has lately found it appropos to republish extracts from those journals.
In opposition to those miserable gazetteers, to those rumours without authors, of which two of the accused, Rochelle and (as we are told) Roger, have spoken, to those reports made by Lajolais (if we credit the testimony of two other accused persons, Bouvet and Ruffillon,) let us place a fact to which each of these men has deposed, and which is even admitted by the act of accusation itself. The fact is this; far from any engagement on the part of Gen. Moreau to aid the cause of the princes, he, we will not say spurned at a proposition to enter into their service, for such proposal never was made to him, but refuted the bare suggestion, when lightly introduced into a political conversation, that with his aid they might recover their former authority, in the event that any change might, most unhappily for France, overturn or shake the consular government under which we then lived.
But these very royalists who had so industriously propagated those reports in England, on their arrival in Paris found bitter cause of complaint, when they saw how much they had been deceived: when those who had inspired them with such hopes, were forced to acknowledge that they were unfounded, and that Moreau, so far from being a royalist, would not even suffer the princes to be named in his presence.
This is not the time to examine how they became acquainted with this truth; nor whether those who informed them of it, did not with, by mingling something extraordinary with their story, to disarm their resentment and even vengeance, for having abused them with such false expectations.
We merely adduce the fact, in this place, to show that from Moreau they derived no assistance; that he never declared for them; never had an idea of combining with them.
If this be correct, and the proceedings at the trial recognize it as correct, we are compelled to adopt the inference, that Moreau never did receive any advances or propositions from the Princes; that he never wrote, nor procured to be written, any letter to London, to the princes, to Pichegru, nor to any other person in their confidence, neither for the purpose of making them any promises, of calling them or their friends to France, nor of suggesting any means of destroying the Consular government. This conclusion we are forced to receive, in order to avoid the most palpable absurdity. For we cannot perceive why general Moreau, who according to the lamentations of the Royalists, rejected or disdained their overtures, should chuse to amuse himself, in a manner cruel towards them, and dangerous to himself, by feeding them embers, inspiring them with hopes, and in fact organizing a plot, when all the fruit which he could reap from it, would be to involve himself without the power of being extricated, and without even knowing what object he proposed to attain.
But it is insisted in exculpation of the Attorney General, that such reports were current in London.
Such reports were current! And at what period of the world has a sensible and discriminating people sentenced its generals and defenders to death, on the evidence of reports spread by an enemy? The resource would really be admirable, if nations at war could free themselves from magistrates or warriors whom they dreaded, by indirectly demanding their heads in a gazette paragraph, or destroying their reputation by an insidious report.
Such reports were current! We might deny this assertion; for what proof has been adduced to support it, farther than the justly suspected declarations of some co-accused persons; who might, for a hundred reasons easily explained, establish fair hopes of safety from a well-timed and complaisant perjury. We might, we say, deny that there have been any such reports, but we choose rather to believe in their existence. And why? Because the English dreading the attack with which they are menaced, doubtless wished to create discord in the heart of France. Some chiefs of the Royalists thinking the circumstance favourable to their cause, seconded it. Partisans of the princes were, therefore, to be sent to France to fret the public mind, enroll and encourage the discontented. Great motives, strong hopes, and alluring perspectives, were necessary to reanimate their audacity, humbled by fifteen years of reverses. Is it then extraordinary, that, in such a conjuncture, the name of Moreau, that name which had resounded through all Europe, should have been prostituted?
Moreau had been at the head of our armies; and was still beloved by them. But he was no longer employed by the government; and it was feared that he was even treated by it with coldness. Some officious propagators of hatred, vile artists of discord, who set no value upon their country, imagined they had attained the object of their ridiculous ambition, when they had sown discord between those great minds which ought ever to have been united, were not idle in perpetuating this temporary alienation. The calumnies against Moreau from thence received a colour, and the vile detractions of his loyalty were rendered more plausible. The workers of evil saw their advantage and assiduously dispersed these rumours. This no person living could either foresee or prevent. It is a sad truth that a man who has covered himself with glory, and secured general esteem, cannot protect his name against the abuse of intriguers, who will commit and calumniate it at pleasure without his knowledge or consent. To render him responsible for such abuse of himself would be equally absurd and atrocious.
When from those artful insinuations, diffused as a decoy for subaltern characters, we ascend to their source, we find it either in some anonymous pamphlet, or in the words of Lajolais, who now contradicts them. Of the four prisoners who have deposed to their existence, two know not whence they are derived, and two only attribute them to Lajolais.
General Moreau, availing himself of this disavowal of Lajolais, might conclude that the two witnesses, to whom he gives the lie, are in error; but he is compelled to declare his sentiments at large. All the other conduct of Lajolais justifies the presumption that he imposed upon Ruffillon and Bouvet; and if on them, doubtless on many others. Upon this supposition, which is necessary to support the hypothesis, in the misery of Lajolais will be found the explanation of his conduct.
General Moreau is too sensibly affected by the cruel necessity which obliges him to defend
himself against an ignominious accusation.
to have any desire of gratuitously adding to the weight which presses upon Lajolais. But Moreau knowing that Lajolais, whatever may have been his object, has wandered from the truth on other points, can the more easily believe that he has not more scrupulously adhered to it on this.
But why has he imposed upon them? What reasons could have determined him, if his designs were such as are attributed to him, to imagine a mission which, at the bar of justice and in presence of Moreau, he acknowledges he never did receive? To make, in the name of general Moreau, promises not only contrary to the duty of the general to make, but contrary also to his well known sentiments; promises to make which he formally confesses he never had any authority? In his misery alone will be found the solution of the enigma.
Let us for a moment enquire who this Lajolais is.
For a considerable time, attached to Pichegru, he at first, from the generosity of that general, possessed the means of existence and the hopes of advancement. Involved in the year 5, more by his indiscretions than by any real fault, in the misfortunes of his friend, he was subjected to two years confinement in prison, from whence he was at last delivered by the judgement of a council of war, which acquitted him of being an accomplice of Pichegru. On leaving prison he found himself in the very abyss of wretchedness, without employment, without money, and without the smallest particle of property from which to obtain it. He lived at first upon what he could borrow. It was known, indeed he was obliged to acknowledge at his trial, that he was overwhelmed with debts, and that he was under fears of arrest for upwards of eighty thousand francs. This was not likely to obtain him much credit. But he must nevertheless live; and when all other means were exhausted, he learnt that an accommodation had taken place between Moreau and Pichegru. Every purse and every door was shut against him. His imagination could furnish no other resource, than to profit by this reconciliation. He calculated that general Moreau would cheerfully perform the first service that might be solicited by Pichegru. He therefore procured, we know not how, a recommendation from the latter, in which he begged that Moreau would endeavour to procure some appointment for poor general Lajolais, ruined by his long imprisonment. He took this letter to Gros-Bois; spoke to the general of his old friend and of their reconciliation; received from him some common civilities; some amendments to his petition; and received also the assurance that he would have great pleasure in seeing Pichegru freely restored to France; but nothing further. Moreau lived altogether retired; and could not aid the petition of Lajolais. He candidly told him so, and counselled him to make application to others.
This, and two or three other visits at Paris, left, he told Moreau that he was about to return to Alsace, his native country, and requested to be aided with some money. But as no friendship for Lajolais required the exercise of his duties, and as he knew that it would be so much money lost, the general refused. This is also a fact verified at the trial. Lajolais departed for Alsace; and Moreau, hearing nothing more of him, suffered him to pass entirely from his memory.
After he had remained, as we learn by the testimony of Couchery, for a few months in Alsace, detained there by a poverty which denied him the power of travelling, he at last found means of paying his passage to England; whither he might go with some prospects for augmenting his resources. At that moment the design of throwing back on France these inquietudes which she had caused in Great Britain, fermented in every brain. An invasion of royalists was a desirable thing, to parry the threatened descent on England. The hopes of obtaining bread, might have induced Lajolais to avail himself of those dispositions. It is not possible to ascertain how far he had imposed upon Pichegru, and the credulous royalists, concerning the state of France, nor how far he may have misused the name of Moreau; but the history of this process, the different circumstances disclosed by the trial, the words which are attributed to him by two of the accused, with much appearance of truth, the conduct which he has observed at Paris, the evident falsehoods which he first advanced, then retracted, and afterwards explained, with some considerable embarrassment; all these circumstances united, explain to Moreau that Lajolais, to obtain food, and to render himself of more consequence to those from whom he wished to extract a few guineas, had formed an ingenious plot; promised them, in France, names and supports which they were not less dismayed than disappointed at not finding; and that he thus implicated in this detestable affair, the name and honour of general Moreau, into whose mind such ideas never had entered, and from which Lajolais was at that moment removed to the greatest possible distance.
This is supported by every degree of probability. If Lajolais originated those reports in London, reports belied (according to the avowal of all those who have been arrested) by the conduct of Moreau, is it not evident that he told falsehoods concerning Moreau? and if he did implicate Moreau by those falsehoods, he certainly must have had a motive.—This motive could be no other than a scheme to procure bread. But because it was advantageous to Lajolais to prostitute the name of Moreau in London, and to involve him in a party, is it right that Gen. Moreau should be rendered responsible for an unjustifiable conduct, by which he is already the greatest or only sufferer?
A last word shall close the examination of this charge.
Gen. Moreau shudders with horror at the bare idea that he should be even suspected of having entered into any project against the government; or of having employed either Lajolais or any other person as a missionary to Pichegru, to the Princes, or to England. He solemnly denies it. Not one sentence from his pen accuses him. No witness, not one solitary witness has deposed to this pretended mission.
And, thank heaven! neither popular rumours, nor the daring assertions of one man, who afterwards contradicted his own declarations, are, at this day, authority upon which to send a man to the scaffold.
But to shew, by a single trait, how much these ridiculous stories, invented by the turbulent to deceive the weak merit the contempt rather than the thunders of justice, we need only remark that the most respectable names, even that of his imperial majesty himself, have not been spared by them; and that if two of the accused have sworn

that they heard, in London, that Moreau was in the interest of the prince, two others have implicated Bonaparte; one of them, Noel Du-corps, affirms that he had been told by his brother, that the project to re-establish the princes, had met the sanction of Bonaparte, and the other, Rochelle, says that Lajolais told him that the French armies were at the disposal of Moreau, that every thing was prepared for placing the Bourbons on the throne, and that Bonaparte himself was no stranger to this plan.
After this, is there one man of common sense who could allow the fate of another to rest upon the evidence of such fables, which not only attack the highest names, but outrage all probability. But as we have already laid too much on a charge so silly and incongruous, we shall now proceed to one of much greater importance.
* The word in the original is one of the many coined by the revolutionists to express what in their new order of things were declared to be crimes. The phrase is "a curred one misification, pufique ce mot est devenu confondre meme en de telles matieres" - The meaning I have given is that intended, but I know no translation of misification.
TRANSLATOR. (To be Continued.)
LONDON, Aug. 4.
A NEW CONTRIVANCE.
Yesterday about half past 11 o'clock, a carriage for the more rapid conveyance of troops was inspected. It consists of four strong boards, two long and two short ones, so joined together as to leave a hole in the middle for the soldiers, who sit on each side on the larger boards, face to face to put their feet down, and under which opening, at a proper distance below, a fifth board is suspended by means of four irons, strongly screwed to the seats above. This is all the apparatus, and consequently it can be stowed away in a small space, (and is not liable for a great length of time to decay, or become unfit for use,) except two bars of wood, which pass under, and are screwed to the shorter seats, and project four or five inches beyond them at each end. These are for suspending it, by means of a strong hempen rope to the springs of a common post-chaise, hackney, or other coach carriage, the body being removed for that purpose. This is done by passing the rope twice round the seat end of the bar, and as many times through the eye or loop to which the body was before suspended and passing it tight along to the other spring and bar on the same side, by which means this rope, passing from one spring to the other, serves as a support to the backs of the men, and prevent their being thrown off by any sudden jolt; and the more weight there is on the seat, the tighter this rope draws. Two of those apparatus, mounted on common post-chaise carriages, with four horses and two postillions to each, were on the parade; on one of them thirteen privates, and a sergeant of the Guards were seated, two before and two behind with their feet outwards, and five on each side with their feet inwards; they had all their arms, knapsacks, canteens and every marching accoutrement.
FROM FRENCH PAPERS.
Among the decrees issued by the new Emperor, is one containing the following clause.
"No congregation or association of men or of women, can in future assemble under the pretext of religion, unless thereto authorised by an imperial decree, predicated on an examination of the regulations by which they propose to be governed. Nevertheless, those associations known by the names of Sisters of Charity, Sisters of Hospitality, Sisters of St. Thomas, and Sisters of St. Charles, shall continue, in conformity to the laws of the 1st Nivose, year 9, 14th Vendemiaire, year 11, and the decisions of the 28th Prairial, year 11, and 22nd Germinal, year 12, to perform the duties of their associations; provided, that they present, within the period of six months, their statutes and regulations, to be examined and confirmed, by the counsellor of state charged with all matters appertaining to religion."
On establishing some new regulations respecting the Police, Bonaparte wrote the following letter, with his own imperial hand, to M. Regnier, G. J.
At a moment of general peace, I united the administration of Police to that of Justice. The circumstances of the war, and some late events, have convinced me of the necessity which you have often represented, of re-organizing the former ministry, and I have determined to yield to your desire of being left entirely to the important functions of Grand Judge and Minister of Justice. In ceding to you with, I cannot deny myself the satisfaction of testifying the high sense I have of your services, as minister of the General Police. Restored entirely to your proper functions, you cannot exercise them with more zeal than heretofore; but you will have more time to bestow on so essential a department of government. The imperial administration of Justice, and the talents of those who compose the tribunals, are, in a state, the surest guarantee of the property, and the best protection of the dearest interests, of the citizen.
This letter having no other object, Monsieur Regnier, Grand-Judge, Minister of Justice, I pray God to have you in his holy keeping.
NAPOLEON. St. Cloud, 21st Messidor, 12.
NEW-YORK, October 5.
London papers to the 15th August, inclusive, and Glasgow papers to the 18th, are received at the office of the Mercantile Advertiser , by the ship Fanny from Greenock. Though four days later than our former advices from that quarter, they contain very little intelligence of moment. We have subjoined the principal articles. The prices of stock (which are considered an almost unerring political barometer in England) on the 15th August, were, Consols. 57 1-4, Omnium 6 1-2, Americans 8 per cents 54 to 55, 8 per cents 104, old and new 6 per cents 89 to 90. [N. Y. Merc. Adv.]
FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE.
Downing-street, Aug. 9.
The King has been pleased to cause it to be signified by the Right Hon. Lord Harrowby, his Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the Ministers of Neutral Powers residing at this Court, that the necessary measures have been taken by his Majesty's command, for the blockade of the entrance of the ports of Recam, St. Vallery on Caux, Dieppe, Trepot, the Somme, Etaples, Boulogne, Calais, Gravelines, Dunkirk, Neufport, and Ostend; &
that from this time all the measures authorised by the Law of Nations, and the respective Treaties between his Majesty and the different Neutral Powers, will be adopted and executed with respect to all vessels which may attempt to violate the said blockade.
BOLOGNE, July 30.
Three divisions of the flotillas came into the road yesterday evening, and anchored in front of the cruisers, consisting of 13 ships of war. The Emperor passed the afternoon in the road, accompanied by the ministers of marine and war, Marshal Soult, and Admiral Bruix: he returned in the evening to the Pont de Brique, where he was clofatted with M. Barbe Marbois, minister of the public treasury, who had lately arrived from Paris.
VIMEREUX, near Bologna, July 30.
Yesterday and to day the Emperor reviewed the fourth division encamped here, and expressed great satisfaction at the appearance and the discipline of the troops.
LONDON, August 15.
A letter from our fleet off the Texel, dated the 6th inst. states, that for a week past they have been in expectation of the enemy putting to sea.
It affords us great satisfaction to state, that the whole of the valuable convoys from the East Indies and the Leeward Islands, the latter consisting of 170 sail, have reached the Downs. A few of the West India ships lost their bowsprits and topsmasts in the gales that prevailed on Wednesday. The damage sustained is of little consequence, and arose chiefly from their riding close to each other.
Intelligence from Odessa mentions, that in pursuance of an ordinance of his Russian Majesty, an embargo has been laid on all the vessels in that port; from whence it is concluded, that the Russian Government purposes to embark all the troops cantoned in their neighbourhood.
Mahometan Creed. —A catechism has lately been printed at Constantinople for the instruction of children educated in the Mahometan Religion. It forms a copious commentary on the tenets of Islamism. The principal articles to which the young Mussulman is required to give his assent, are comprised in the following declarations:—"I believe in the books which had been delivered from Heaven to the Prophets. In this manner was the Koran given to Mahomet, the Pentateuch to Moses, the Psalter to David, and the Gospel to Jesus—I believe in the Prophets, and the Miracles which they performed. Adam was the first Prophet, and Mahomet the last. I believe that, for the space of fifty thousand years, the righteous shall reigne under the shade of the terrestrial Paradise; and that the wicked shall be exposed naked to the burning rays of the sun—I believe in the bridge Sirat, which passes over the bottomless pit of Hell. It is as fine as a hair, and as sharp as a sabre. All must pass over it, and the wicked shall be thrown off—I believe in the water pools of Paradise. Each of the Prophets has, in Paradise a basin for his own use; the water is whiter than milk, and sweeter than honey. On the ridges of the pools are vessels to drink out of, and they are bordered with pearls. I believe in Heaven and Hell. The inhabitants of the former know no want, and the Hours who attend them, are never afflicted with sickness. The floor of Paradise is musk, the stones are silver, and the cement gold. The damned are, on the contrary, tormented with fire, and by voracious and poisonous animals."
From private letters received by the Cammarthen from Benoolen, we have collected the following particulars respecting the attack of the French Admiral on the island:—Linois appeared off Benoolen on the 1st December, with four ships, which were supposed at first sight to be the English squadron under Admiral Ramier; but no colours being hoisted on board any of the ships, created a suspicion that it was the enemy's squadron, which proved in a short time to be the fact. His attack was directed to Poole Bay, where vessels mostly anchor for safety. The loss on the part of the East India Company is near 60,000l. and the damages sustained by individuals is supposed to amount to a much larger sum. The Eliza Ann, captured by the enemy, had a cargo on board valued at a lack of rupees; and the ships Flora and Marlborough were burnt by their commanders to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy.
Linois of the 5th December, got under way from Poole Bay, and was seen, by intelligence brought to the Governor, steering a southerly course. The losses are considerably increased by the rebellious conduct of the Malays and other natives of the island, who, on the French squadron departing, began to pillage the boats, &c. The vigorous measures taken by the English Government at last reduced them to obedience. Linois was not, as reported, at the East India Company's settlement at Benoolen. The Cammarthen left Benoolen in March last.
The emigrations from Ireland to America, within the last twelve months, are stated to have amounted to 17,000; and the linen trade, that staple commodity of the country, to have decreased 8,000,000 yards in proportion to what it amounted to in the preceding year.
The Waterford Mirror, the 4th contains the following extract of a letter, from an officer of rank in Botany Bay.
PARAMATTA, NEW SOUTH WALES, MARCH 10, 1801.
"On this day week, the rebellious part of our Irish prisoners broke into open rebellion, which has given us a great deal of trouble. They are however, completely dispersed again, their leaders, ten in number, having been hanged. About twenty were killed, and nearly the same number wounded; they had about 300 in one body, which were completely routed by forty soldiers, under the command of Major Johnstone."
"There was not any man of note in the rebellion, but they were composed of dregs of the misguided Manulter men."
"You may judge of their cowardice when I state, that I live five miles from Paramatta town and no house near me; that at an hour before dark, we got the information they were to rise that night; I had only Holt (the famous Wicklow rebel), and three other domestic servants with me; but being resolved to defend my family and property, we put the place into as good a state of defence as we could, and as we were well armed, coolly and silently waited their approach; as their plan was to take all the arms, ammunition, and convict servants; their leader in my quarter, who was named Hume, came to the brow of the hill, within gun-shot of us thrice, but finding us determined to repel them, the cowardly villain, although he had 36 men, sneered off, and the next morning but one we took him, and yesterday he was hanged in chains."
The Russian fleet at Cronstadt consists of ten ships of the line, and four frigates, the Commanders to which have already been appointed. The Parisian elegance has now laid aside her erodes. The head dress is now covered with crowns, diadems, and serpents—an odd but not an unbecoming assembly!
Botany in spring, swimming in summer, politics in autumn, and dancing in winter, form now the settled routine amongst the fashionable women of Paris.
By accounts received on Saturday from the squadron under the command of Sir R. Calder, off Rochefort, it appears, that the enemy have five sail of the line and two frigates in readiness for sea. They use uncommon exertions in the equipment of the two 74 gun ships which were lately launched there, and for this purpose have withdrawn the hands from all the small craft. The 100 gun ship which was laid down about three months since is so forward, that it is supposed she will be launched in the course of the present year.
August 15.
The Hamburg mail of the 3d inst. has brought the following articles of important intelligence, which we extract from our private Correspondence:—
Hamburg, August 3.
"In consequence of the refusal made by the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg, Bremen, and Lubeck, to comply with the new pecuniary exactions of the French Government, Bremen has been invested for several days past by a detachment of the French army in Hanover; and no person is suffered to enter or depart from that city. They have even stopped all supplies of provisions. As the enemy completely blockades the place, it is impossible to ascertain by any direct information, whether they have proceeded to levy by military execution the sums they demand, but a rumour of this nature was in circulation this morning."
"The city of Lubeck persists in its refusal to pay the contribution demanded by the French, who have not yet had recourse to any menace, probably from the fear of hastening a rupture with Russia, whose fleet is now riding in the Baltic. The last letters from St. Petersburg state, that the Emperor Alexander continues to give decided proofs of his determination to espouse the interests of Louis XVIII."
"Intelligence has just been received here, that the navigation for small craft between Hamburg and Tonningen, will, from this moment, be free."
In confirmation of this pleasing intelligence, the following diplomatic document is circulated in every part of the city:—
Copy of a letter from Lord Harrowby, his Britannic Majesty's Secretary of state for the foreign department, to P. Colquhoun Graf, Esq.
SIR,
Downing-street, July 18, 1804.
"I have the honor to inform you, that I have paid due attention to the request contained in different letters of Mr. Matthieson, on the part of the City of Hamburg, 'That the lighters be permitted to navigate between the rivers Weser and Elbe.'
"Orders have accordingly been sent to his Majesty's ships of the blockade to permit the passage of lighters, barges, and other small craft, answering the above description, and carrying unexceptionable goods for neutral account, and to suffer the same to pass without molestation to and fro, along the Danish side of the Elbe, through the Watten, between Tonningen and Hamburg."
"His Majesty hopes that this permission will be properly attended to, and not abused, and that no unfair advantages shall be taken of it, by which his Majesty should be forced to order the blockade to be resumed with greater strictness. I have the honor to be, &c.
(Signed)
"HARROWBY."
"To P. Colquhoun Graf, Esq."
"Since the opening of the navigation between the Weser and Jade, the Danes too, have been permitted to sail with twenty-five of their berring smacks up the Elbe."
"On the 30th ult. one of his Britannic Majesty's sloops of war, of 18 guns, the name of which I do not, however know, arrived at the new work off Cuxhaven, and sent ashore a dispatch, which was delivered to a French officer. On Wednesday the sloop still continued on her station, and it does not appear that the answer to the dispatch had then been received. It is supposed that it was forwarded to the head quarters at Hanover, where the French Commander in Chief, Bernadotte, was at that time."
This morning we received Dutch Journals of the 6th and 7th, and Moniteurs to the 3d inst.
They furnish the most lying accounts of the late bombardment of the port of Havre, and the gallant attempt made by the boats of the Leda frigate, under the command of Lieutenant Maclean, to carry a bomb vessel in Boulogne roads. We are assured that only an old woman and a girl were killed, and a few houses damaged at Havre, and that fourteen British tars were made prisoners without any resistance, by a French Serjeant of Carabineers, a tailor, and a few assistants at Boulogne. The Corsican has been several days employed in the harbour and vicinity of the latter place, in superintending the naval armaments and reviewing the troops. He had the mortification of seeing three divisions of his grand flotilla, which ventured into the road, pent in by thirteen of our small ships of war.
A rumour has been prevalent at the Hague, that the mediation of the Court of Vienna will be exerted to restore peace between Great Britain and France. This rumour may be traced more to the eager wishes of the Dutch to have an end put to hostilities than to any authentic intelligence.
The affairs of Egypt still continue in confusion. The Bays having gained another victory, had, according to the last accounts, laid siege to Cairo.
Colonel Houghton, who arrived yesterday afternoon overland from India with dispatches for Government and the Company, has brought home the ratification of the treaties concluded by Gen. Wellesley, between the British Government and Scindia and the Rajah of Berar. The Hon. Mr. Elphinstone has been appointed British Resident at the Court of the Rajah of Berar.
The American papers say, that M. Jerome Bonaparte, enraged at not having been made a part of the family declared Imperial by M. his brother Napoleon, has determined not to revisit Europe so long as France shall continue to be governed by a Corsican. M. Jerome pretends that his brother detests him because there is no doubt that having been born since the conquest of Corsica, he is a Frenchman by extraction. M. Jerome is therefore gone to visit the fall of Niagara, expecting in the mean time that of Napoleon.
WEST-INDIES.
TRANSLATED FOR THE BALTIMORE TELEGRAPHER.
NOMINATION
OF THE EMPEROR OF HAYTI.
JOHN JACQUES DESSALINES.
We, Generals of the Army of Hayti,
ANXIOUS to congregate, by an authentic act, the wishes of our hearts, and the dispositions so strongly expressed by the people of Hayti:— Persuaded that the supreme power needs no division, and that the interest of the country demands that the supreme power should be en-
trusted to his hands who has re-united the confidence, the affection, and love of his fellow citizens:
Well convinced, by the cruel experience and the history of nations, that a nation can only be suitably governed by an individual, and that he merits that distinction who has to consolidate the edifice of our independence and liberty.
Considering their long series of misfortunes and vicissitudes, they have determined to assure the guarantee and safety of their citizens in a manner immutable and unchangeable; and that the surest means of attaining this object is to decree to that chief, who is alone capable of governing and representing with dignity a nation, a title august and sacred, which concentrates in him the power of the state, and which reposes in him the pledges of internal and external tranquility.
Considering that the title of governor general hitherto conferred on citizen J. J. Dessalines, does not sufficiently fulfill the general wish—inasmuch as it supposes a secondary power, dependent on a foreign authority, to whose yoke we have always been subject.
Without longer submitting to the frequent and obstinate refusal of citizen J. J. Dessalines, to accept a power which the people and the army have delegated to him from the first epoch of the proclamation of our independence—and since this refusal is contrary to the interests, the wishes and the prosperity of the country—we decree to the aforesaid citizen J. J. Dessalines, the title of emperor of Hayti—and the right of choosing and appointing his successor. Deferring that this free expression of our hearts already resolved on by the people, should be offered with as short delay as possible for his sanction.
Done at Port-au-Prince, 25th January, 1804, and first year of the independence of Hayti.
(Signed) VERNET, minister of finance. CLERVEAUX } Commanding the division CHRISTOPHE } of the north. PETION, GOBARD, and GEFFARD, 15 Generals of Brigade and Counsellors of State—and 200 Generals of distinguished rank, &c.
February 15, first year of the independence of Hayti.
The governor general of Hayti, to the generals of the army and civil and military authorities:
Citizens,
If any consideration can justify in my eyes, the august title which your confidence has conferred on me, it is only my unalterable zeal in watching over the safety of the empire, and my wishes to consolidate our enterprise. Let us not efface from our minds those strong remembrances which our recent misfortunes have imprinted on our hearts.—They will be powerful preservatives against the surprise of our enemy, and we will fortify ourselves against every idea of indulgence with regard to them. If the mildness of our past measures place men in mediocrity, half measures arrest the rapid march of revolutions.
Since then you have judged it the interest of the state, that I should accept the rank to which you would elevate me, by imposing on me a new burthen, I contract no new obligation towards my country. I have long since made all sacrifices—but I feel that a higher, more ardent duty unites me to her destiny—I feel, I say, that I ought rapidly to conduct our enterprise to its determined object, and by laws wise and suited to our manners, suffer every citizen to enjoy individual liberty, without injury to the rights of others, or without offending that authority which watches over our general happiness.
In accepting this burthen, as weighty as honorable, I make myself accountable for all the evil or advantages which may result from my administration.—But remember that it is during the most stormy season, you have given me the helm of the vessel of state—I am a soldier—war was always my profession, and whenever the barbarity or avarice of your enemies shall bring them on your shores, I will justify your choice, and fighting at your head, I will prove that the title of your general shall be always honorable to me.
The illustrious rank to which you have elevated me teaches me that I am become the father of my fellow citizens, whose defender I have been hitherto, but the father of a family of warriors should never lay down his sword, if he wishes to transmit to posterity his and theirs with combat.
It is to you generals and soldiers, who will ascend after me to supreme power that I address myself; happy in being enabled to transmit my authority to those who have poured out their blood for their country. I renounce, yes, I formally renounce, the unjust custom of transmitting my power to my family.
I shall never respect ancestry, but when the talents requisite for a good governor are united in the subject. Frequently the head which is fired by the burning ardor of youth contributes more effectually to the happiness of his country than the cool experience of age, which tempers at the moment when temerity alone should govern.
It is on these conditions that I am your emperor, and destruction to him, who, elevated by the gratitude of a people, shall ascend the throne with other sentiments than those of the father of his family.
DESSALINES. By the governor general, Adjutant general BOISROND TONNERRE.
DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
FROM THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
SPANISH CONVENTION.
We some time since laid before the public a concise view of the principal facts and inferences deducible from them, relative to the true boundaries of Louisiana as received by the United States from France. The reader will recollect that this statement was occasioned by the alleged determination of the Spanish government, not to ratify the Convention of the 11th of August 1802, unless our government complied with three requisitions.
1. The allowance of a longer term than that contemplated by the Convention previous to the sitting of the commissioners, that the subjects of Spain might be apprised of its ratification—2. That the 6th article, keeping alive our claims for spoliations made by French cruisers sanctioned by condemnations in Spanish ports and by Spanish tribunals, should be expunged; and 3. That the legal provision for a port of entry on the Mobile should be repealed.—These requisitions have opened a wide field of discussion—On the most important point, it is a source of peculiar satisfaction that no diversity of opinion exists among our countrymen. When the question "what are the boundaries of Louisiana," was first started, there was a momentary error into which some of the federal press fell. But information and reflection have entirely dissipated it; and there is now happily among all parties indications of the same zeal in maintenance of our territorial rights.
There is, however, another point, only of secondary magnitude, on which the friends and enemies of the administration are at issue;—viz. their conduct respecting the Convention above referred to. Placating ourselves that information will, in this instance, as in the former, be efficacious in inducing harmony of opinion, we offer the following facts and remarks. Of the fidelity of the remarks the reader will judge; for the accuracy of the facts we pledge ourselves.
Subsequently to the year 1795, when the treaty of San Lorenzo was formed between the United States and Spain, considerable spoliations were committed on the American trade by vessels under Spanish colors, and by French vessels, whose prizes were adjudicated in Spanish ports and by Spanish tribunals. For these infractions of our rights it became the duty of our government to demand reparation. It is presumed that this, as a matter of course, was done, coeval with the occasion that created the necessity, by Mr. Adams then President of the United States. The treaty of San Lorenzo only provided for the termination of "all differences on account of the losses sustained by the citizens of the United States in consequence of their vessels and cargoes having been taken by the subjects of his Catholic Majesty, during the late war between Spain and France" [that is, antecedent to the 29th of July, 1795, when the war terminated.] This circumstance is stated to correct an inadvertent error into which a writer in an Eastern paper has fallen, in considering this provision of the treaty as prospective, and as embracing a period of eighteen months beyond the date of its ratification.
The new spoliations commenced immediately after the date of the treaty of San Lorenzo and continued until the convention of Madrid, which was signed on the 11th of August, 1802.
Exception has been taken to the conduct of the administration on three grounds:
1. On that of delay in the pursuit of efficient measures for the obtaining indemnification for spoliated property. 2. On account of the substance of the convention; and 3. On account of the circumstances attending its ratification.
In the first place, the administration are charged with having neglected to take prompt and efficient measures for indemnifying our merchants.
To test the accuracy of this charge, it is only necessary to state a few facts.
The spoliations commenced towards the close of the year 1795, in the Presidency of General Washington, and continued during the whole of that of Mr. Adams, whom it is customary to extol for the vigorous prosecution of the commercial rights of our citizens.
No treaty was formed, or redress obtained, during the whole of this period, which terminated the ad of March, 1801, and which consequently embraced a term of more than five years.
It is well understood that these spoliations, in a great measure, if not altogether, grew out of our misunderstanding with France.
That misunderstanding was not fully closed until the 19th day of December, 1801, when the treaty of Paris was finally acted upon by the Senate. That treaty, it is true, was signed on the 30th of September, 1800; but it will be recollected that there was a material modification of it proposed by our government, accompanied with which it was sent back to France, who agreed to it so modified; in consequence of which the ratifications were exchanged at Washington on the 19th of December, 1801.
On the 3d of March, 1801, Mr. Jefferson's administration commenced. Mr. Humphreys was then our minister at the court of Madrid. It is to be presumed that he had full instructions from Mr. Adams, and that they were renewed by Mr. Jefferson.
In the month of June, 1801, Mr. Pinckney was appointed minister; owing to sickness after he left the United States, he did not replace Mr. Humphreys till December 1801; and on the 11th day of August following the convention was signed.
From these facts then it follows, that what Mr. Adams was unable to effect in four years, Mr. Jefferson accomplished in seventeen months; notwithstanding the unavoidable delays arising from the commencement of a new administration.
It follows too, independent of any comparison of the promptness of the measures of one administration with those of the other, that little, if any time was lost, which could have been saved. It was essentially necessary, to secure the confidence of the Spanish court, that the new executive of the United States should renew the powers of its minister. It was impracticable to do this in less than a few months. That court, likewise, undoubtedly waited the issue of our negotiations at Paris, and was eventually governed by them, and the treaty of peace with Great-Britain, entered into in October 1801. These negotiations, we have seen, were not brought to a close until the 19th of December, 1801; leaving a period short of eight months; previous to the formation of the convention.
When these circumstances are duly weighed; and when a proper allowance is made for the tardy habits of the Spanish government; for the unavoidable delays attending all negotiations between independent nations; for the connection, as in this case, of negotiations on one point with those on another of greater importance; if any surprise is indulged, in respect to the time consumed in negotiating the convention, it will be on account of its brevity.
Exception is, in the second place taken to the substance of the convention, which is as follows.
[Here follows the Convention, as published in the Enquirer of the 6th inst.]
This convention provides for the adjustment of all claims arising from the excesses committed by individuals of either nation, contrary to the laws of nations, or the treaty existing between the two countries. This provision, so far as it applies to the excesses of Spanish subjects, is co-extensive with the just grounds of complaint, and ought to be satisfactory. The treaty referred to is that of San Lorenzo which is remarkable for the precision with which it ascertains the commercial rights of the two nations.
By making this instrument, in connection with the laws of nations, the standard, the convention seems to have pursued the best course that could have been devised. According to it, the laws of nations, as modified by its provisions, are to guide the commissioners.
So far then no exception can be, and none, it is believed, has been taken to the convention. As little exception can be taken to the tribunal established for deciding on the claims for excesses. It is the same that has, in all similar cases, been instituted; it is organised on the principle of mutual arbitration—the only principle, which could perhaps be found that did not infringe the equal rights of the two nations. The commissioners are, it is true, to meet at Madrid; and in this respect Spain may, on the first impression, appear to have an advantage. But let it be recollected that the right to name the place was equal to both governments, and that Spain had the same right to insist on Madrid being the place