Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1808-06-17 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[XVII YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1458]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PAINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum—Paid in Advance.]
FRIDAY, JUNE 17, 1808.
[12 1-2 Cents Single;]
The price of this paper to subscribers is four dollars per annum, to be paid in advance.
ADVERTISEMENTS, not exceeding a square in length (20 lines) are inserted, the first time for seventy-five cents; three weeks (six times) for three dollars; and for every subsequent insertion, thirty-three cents. Long ones in the same proportion. In favor of those, however, who advertise by the year (either once or twice a week) a deduction from the above price of twenty per cent. is made.
THE Elements of Chess; A TREATISE COMBINING THEORY with PRACTICE, And Comprising the whole of Philidor's Games, and EXPLANATORY NOTES, new modelled; and arranged upon an original plan. A few copies of the above work for sale at the Argus Book-Store. May 31, 1808.
Nos. 5, and 6, of THE American Military Library OR, Repository of Modern Tactics: For Sale at his Office. For sale at the Argus Book-Store, MEMOIRS
OF WILLIAM SAMPSON, Including particulars of his adventures in various parts of Europe, his confinement in the dun- geon of the Inquisition in Lisbon, &c. &c. SEVERAL ORIGINAL LETTERS, Being his correspondence with the ministers of state in Great Britain and Portugal. A short sketch of the HISTORY OF IRELAND, Particularly as it respects the spirit of British Do- mination in that country; and a few observa- tions on the state of manners, &c. in America
New Publications, Just received and for sale at the Ar- gus Office & Book-Store,
A Winter in London; or Sketch- es of Fashion; a novel, in 2 volumes, by T. S. Fair Sketches of the History, Genius, Disposition, Accomplishments, Employments, Customs, Virtues, and Vices, of the Fair Sex, in all parts of the World; interspersed with ma- ny singular and entertaining Anecdotes Time's a Tell Tale: a Comedy, in five acts, by Henry Siddons. Rural Philosophy; or Reflection- on Knowledge, Virtue and Happiness; chiefly in reference to a life of retirement in the country, by Ely Bates, Esq. May 27, 1808
Penitentiary Store. THE subscriber, Agent for the Penitentiary, offers for sale the following articles, the ma- nufacture of that institution, at very low prices for each only at a retail, and at 90 credit at wholesale, for approved, endorsed and negotiable notes
   CUT NAILS. Wholesale prices Retail prices.     3dy 13 cents. 14 cents per lb.   4 12 1-2 13 1-2   6 11 1-2 12 1-2   8 10 1-2 11 1-2   10 10 11   12 10 11   20 10 11   Slating nails 11 1-2 12 1-2        CUT BRADS. Wholesale prices Retail prices.     8dy 10 cents. 11 cents per lb.   10 9 1-2 10 1-2   12 Do. Do.   20 Do. Do.        SPRIGS. Wholesale prices Retail prices.     3dy 89 cts. per lb. 50 per m.   4 22 1-2 67   6 17 84        WROUGHT NAILS and BRADS. Wholesale prices Retail prices.     6dy 13 14 per lb.   8 12 1-2 13 1-2   10 12 13   12 11 1-2 12 1-2   20 11 12   30 11 12    Spikes of all sizes same price as 30dy. nails. Broad and narrow Axes, Hatchets, Hoes, Plough Shares and Coulters, Hinges, Wedges, Ham- mers, Fenders, Traces and Stretchers, Tin Ware, &c. &c.
Boots and Shoes. Fair tops, back straps, $ 9 Ditto 8 Buckaroos, 7 Half Boots, 5 Plantation and light fine shoes, 10 3/4 a 12 3/4 Do. second & third qualities, 7 3/4 a 9 3/4 Negro shoes (strong) 6 a 7 3/4 Girls do. 4 a 4 3/4 Boys do. 3 3/4 a 6 3/4 Children's shoes, 3 a 4 3/4 Fire Buckets $4 a $5 per pair Buckles, Sursingles, Whip thongs, Spur lea- thers, Hame strings, Back Bands, Lead- ing, Garden, Hambre and Fishing lines. Any of the above articles made to orders left at the Penitentiary Store, second door above the Eagle Tavern. D. J. BURR April 26, 1808. (2aw1m Law1)
The shoes are reduced much below the former prices.
Poetry.
FROM THE BOSTON DEMOCRAT.
SONG
Of spunky JONATHAN, who, from the walls of Lexington road fired away all his am- munition, and then threw stones!
A plague on those snivelling coxcombs, say I, Who would sell, for a sixpence, their freedom; About poverty, ruin and hardship they cry, And think that the people will heed 'em. If they say we regard our own pockets alone, 'Tis quite on wrong ground that they argue, We reckon the public advantage our own, Not selfishly curse the Embargo.
To paint our starvation the knaves seize the pen, And paper defile by the acre, They'll whine, till their purpose is answered; And then
We may starve and be hang'd, for what they care— To save us from starving, and hanging to boot, I'm mistaken if they would so far go; 'Number one," as I guess, is the principal root Of this clamor about the Embargo
When hungry I've fought, and when naked I've toil'd For Freedom, the greatest of treasures; No hard-shins could move me when Liberty smil'd. I laugh'd at effeminate pleasures. Shall I, who so often mid danger and want, Have gone, far as any man dare go, Beneath higher burthens now grumble and pant, And shrink from the ills of Embargo?
When no pay I could get, to be sure I did stare, 'Twas hard—but we were independent— All suffer'd—so, cheerfully I bore my share— 'Twas well lost—and so there was an end on't. In those times, when Tories were call'd to our aid, We won did for feathers and tar-gy; 'Twas the old soldier still, whom no suffering daunts, Not even the pinching Embargo.
I hold, that when storms that we cannot control, Sweep with terrible fury the ocean; 'Tis better in port to make sure of the whole, Though we lose, for a while, a proportion. Like, when my country is thriving, the cash, For money ('tis said) makes the mare go; But, in base competition with Freedom, 'tis trash, So, huzza for the prudent Embargo!
Domestic.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY ON THE SUBJECT OF PUBLIC ROAD & CANALS, Made in pursuance OF A RESOLUTION OF SENATE OF MARCH 2. (CONTINUED)
COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE AT- LANTIC AND WESTERN WATERS. The Appalachian mountains, to use an ancient generic denomination, extend in a direction west of south, from the 42d to the 34th degree of north latitude, ap- proaching the sea, and even washed by the tide in the state of New York, and thence in their southerly course, gradually rece- ding from the sea shore. Viewed as a whole, their breadth may be estimated at 110 miles, and they consist of a successi- on of parallel ridges, following nearly the direction of the sea coast, irregularly in- tersected with rivers, and divided by nar- row valleys. The ridge, which divides the Atlantic rivers from the western waters, generally known by the name of Allegha- ny, preserves throughout a nearly equal distance of 250 miles from the Atlantic ocean, and a nearly uniform elevation of 3,000 feet above the level of the sea.
Those mountains may, however, be per- haps considered as consisting of two prin- cipal chains: between these lies the fer- tile lime-stone valley, which, although oc- casionally interrupted by transversal rid- ges, and in one place, by the dividing or Alleghany ridge, may be traced from New- burg and Esopus, on the Hudson river, to Knoxville on the Tennessee.
The eastern and narrowest chain is the Blue Ridge of Virginia, which in its north- east course traverses under various names, the states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, forms the high lands broken at West Point by the tide of the Hudson, and then uniting with the Green moun- tains, assumes a northerly direction, and divides the waters of the Hudson, and of Lake Champlain, from those of Connec- ticut river. On the borders of Virginia and North Carolina, the Blue Ridge is u- nited by an inferior mountain, with the great western chain, and thence to its southern extremity, becomes the princi- pal or dividing mountain, discharging eastwardly the rivers Roanoke, Pedee, San- tee, and Savannah, into the Atlantic ocea- an; southwardly the Chatahoochee, and the Alabama into the gulf of Mexico, and westwardly the New river and the Tennessee. The New river, taking a northwardly course, breaks through all the ridges of the great western chain, and at a short distance beyond it, unites under the name of Kanawha, with the Ohio. The Tennessee pursues, at first, a south west- ward direction between the two chains, until ha- ving reached, and in a westwardly course turned the southern extremity of the great
western chain, it assumes a northwardly direction, and joins its waters with those of the Ohio, a few miles above the con- fluence of that river with the Mississippi.
The western chain, much broader, and generally more elevated, is known under the names of Cumberland and Gauley mountains, from its southern extremity, near the great bend of the Tennessee ri- ver, until it becomes in Virginia, the prin- cipal or dividing mountain. Thence in its northerly course, towards the state of New York, it discharges westwardly the Green Briar river, which, by its junction with the New river, forms the Kanawha, and the rivers Monongahela and Allegha- ny, which, from their confluence at Pitts- burgh, assumes the name of Ohio. East- wardly it pours into the Atlantic ocean, James river, the Potomac, and the Sus- quehanna. From the northernmost and less elevated spurs of the chain, the Gen- nessee flows into the lake Ontario; and in that quarter the northerly branches of the Susquehanna, seem to take their source, from amongst the inferior ridges, and in their course to the Chesapeake, to break through all the mountains. From the Sus- quehanna, the principal chain assumes a more easterly direction, and washed on the north by the lateral valley of the river Mohawk, whilst it gives rise southwardly to the Delaware, it terminates under the name of Catskill mountain, in view of the tide water of the Hudson.
This description has been introduced for the double purpose of pointing out all the rivers which can afford the means of communication, and of shewing the im- practicability in the present state of sci- ence, of effecting a canal navigation across the mountains.
The most elevated lock canal of which a correct description has been given, is that of Languedoc, and the highest ground over which it is carried is only six hundred feet above the sea. It is not be- lieved that any canal has been undertaken, or at least completed in England, of an elevation exceeding 430 feet above the waters united by it. The Alleghany mountain is generally, and from observa- tions made in several places, about 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. The pre- cise height of the dividing ridge was as- certained by the commissioners who laid out the U. S. road from Cumberland on the Potomac to Brownsville on the Monon- gahela, at 2,260 above the first, and at 1,550 feet above the last river. Cumber- land, from the levels taken by the Potom- ac company, is itself 735 feet above tide water. Although some more advantage- ous and less elevated places may be found, particularly among the ridges which di- vide some of the upper branches of the Susquehanna from the corresponding streams emptying into the river Allegha- ny, there is none which is not of an ele- vation much beyond what has ever been overcome by canals in any other country. The impracticability arises from the prin- ciple of lock navigation, which in order to effect the ascent, requires a greater sup- ply of water in proportion to the height to be ascended, whilst the supply of water becomes less in the same proportion. Nor does the chain of mountains through the whole extent, where it divides the Atlan- tic from the western rivers, afford a single pond, lake or natural reservoir. It may be added as a general feature of Ameri- can geography, that except in the swampy along the southern sea coast, no lake is to be found in the U. S. south of 41 degrees north latitude; and that almost every ri- ver, north of 42 degrees issues from a lake or pond.
The works necessary, in order to faci- litate the communications from the sea ports across the mountains to the western waters, must therefore consist either of artificial roads extending the whole way from tide water, to the nearest and most convenient navigable western waters; or of improvements in the navigation of the leading Atlantic rivers, to the highest prac- tical points, connected by artificial roads across the mountains, with the nearest points from which a permanent navigation can be relied on, down the western rivers.
The principal considerations in select- ing proper directions for those communi- cations, are, the distance from the naviga- ble western waters, both to tide water, and the nearest navigable Atlantic river, and the extent of navigation, either natural or susceptible of improvement, which may be afforded by the rivers. Distance alone is mentioned, so far as relates to roads, be- cause the mountains, however insuperable for canals, offer no important impediment to land communications. So far from being an insurmountable barrier to commercial intercourse, between the two great sections of the union, it is now as- certained that those mountains may, in al- most every direction, be crossed by ar- tificial roads, as permanent, as easy and less expensive, than similar works in the other country. For congress having, con- trary to current opinion, directed that the road from Cumberland to Brownsville should be laid out so that its ascent should
not in any place exceed an angle of five degrees with the horizon; no difficulty has been experienced in effecting the object without cutting through hills, and although the road thus laid out, be in a distance of 72 miles, two or three miles shorter than that heretofore in use.
Although the distance from the sea to the principal dividing mountain through its whole length, between the western sources of the Susquehanna, and those of the Savannah, be nearly the same, yet the Atlantic bays, penetrating the coast at dif- ferent depths, and in different directions, the distances from the sea ports to the nearest western navigable waters, vary considerably. Taken in straight lines from each port to the nearest branch be- yond all the mountains, of each of the four great western rivers, they may be stated as follows:
   Miles.     From Philadelphia to the con- fluence of Conemaugh and Loyalhannon, branches of the Alleghany, 220   From the City of Washington to the confluence of the ri- vers Monongahela & Cheat, 150   From Richmond to Morris's on the Kanawha, below all the falls of that river, 210   From Savannah or Charles- ton to any navigable branch of Tennessee, the distance exceeds 300  
The distance from the same western points, to the upper navigation of the cor- responding Atlantic rivers, cannot be sta- ted with precision, as the upper points to which the navigation of those rivers may be improved, is not yet ascertained. The northerly portage between the waters of the Potomac, and those of the Mononga- hela, in their natural state, from West Point on the Potomac, to Cheat river be- low the falls is about fifty miles in a straight line. But in order to secure a tolerable navigation, particularly on the Potomac route from Cumberland to Brown- sville, (Red Stone old fort) has been pre- ferred, and the distance by the road lately laid out is 72 miles. The portage be- tween the north fork of the Juniata, a branch of the Susquehanna, and the cor- responding waters of the river Alleghany is somewhat shorter. That between Pat- tonborough, on James river, and the falls of the Kanawha, exceeds one hundred miles.
The most prominent, though not per- haps the most insuperable obstacle in the navigation of the Atlantic rivers, consists in their lower falls, which are ascribed to a presumed continuous granite ridge, ris- ing about 130 feet above tide water. — That ridge, from New York to James ri- ver inclusively, arrests the ascent of the tide; the falls of every river within that space being precisely at the head of the tide. Pursuing thence southwardly a direction nearly parallel to the mountains, it recedes from the sea, leaving in each southern river, an extent of good naviga- tion between the tide and the falls. O- ther falls of less magnitude are found at the gaps of the Blue Ridge, through which the rivers have forced their passage. Higher up the rapidity of the northern ri- vers, which penetrate through the inferior ridges of the great western chain, encrea- ses as they approach, the dividing or Al- leghany mountain; and their sources be- ing nearly at the same elevation, their ra- pidity encreases in proportion to the short- ness of their course. For that reason the navigation of the Susquehanna above the Blue Ridge is better than that of the Po- tomac, which affords as has been stated, the shortest communication from tide wa- ter to the nearest western river. The le- vels of the last mentioned river having been taken by the Potomac company, the general result is annexed, as giving a more correct idea of the navigation of the At- lantic rivers, than could be conveyed in any other manner.
   Distance. Fall. Rate of fall.   Miles. Feet. Ft. Pr. mile.     From the mouth of Savage river, down to Cum- berland, 31 445 14 1-2   Thence down to Blue Ridge, 130 1-2 490 4   Harper's ferry, or Shenandoe falls, 5 1-2 43   Thence to great falls, 40 39 1   Great & little falls to tide water, 12 143   Total, 219 1660  
The papers marked [C.] contain the in- formation which has been collected re- pecting the works executed or contempla- ted on the great rivers already enumera- ted. It has not been understood that any improvements of importance had been yet attempted on the Savannah and Pedee, nor on any of the tributary streams of the Ohio; and the communications received under this head, relate only to the San- tee, Roanoke, James river, Potomac, Sus- quehanna, and Ohio.
1. SANTEE. The Santee or Catawba, is said to be occasionally navigable for near 300 miles, as high up as Morgantown, in North Carolina. Two companies have been incorporated by that state, and that of South Carolina, for the purpose of improving its navigation. The lower falls are above Camden and not far from the arsenal of the United States, at Rock Mount. A canal had been commenced there, but either from want of success in the commencement, or from want of funds, the work appears to be suspen- ded. The market for the produce brought down that river is Charles- ton; and the river boats were obliged at the mouth of the river to enter the sea, and to reach that port by a naviga- tion along the sea shore, for which they were not calculated. To reme- dy that inconvenience, and to insure a permanent navigation, a canal has been opened by another company, u- niting the Santee with Cooper river, which empties into the harbor of Charleston.
The distance between the points u- nited, is 22 miles; the highest inter- vening ground was 52 feet above San- tee; and 85 feet above the river Coo- per; but it has been reduced 17 feet by digging: the descent to Santee be- ing 35 feet, effected by four locks, and that to Cooper 68 feet, effected by nine locks.
The principal supply of water is afforded by springs arising from the marshy ground at the bottom of the canal, and by several drains which collect and bring from an adjacent swamp the sources of the river Coo- per. The quantity is said to be sel- dom deficient; yet a steam engine has been contemplated as perhaps neces- sary in order to raise from the Santee, an adequate supply.
The canal was carried over some small streams by means of aqueducts; inconsiderable ravines have been filled and the ground was dug in some places to the depth of sixteen feet, in order to preserve the level. But it appears that the roots of trees were the greatest obstacle encountered in digging the canal. Its breadth is 20 feet at the bottom, and 35 feet at top; the depth of water is 4 feet; and it admits boats of 20 tons. The locks made of brick, faced with marble, are 60 feet long and 10 feet wide.
The capital expended is stated at 650,667 dollars, including sixty negroes and some tracts of land belonging to the company. The canal has been completed six years; the annual tolls had never exceeded 13,000 dollars before the year 1807, and the annual expenses are stated at 7,000 dollars. The want of success in this under- taking, which though completed is very unprofitable, may be ascribed to several causes. The expense com- pared with the work is much greater than might have been expected, and probably than was necessary. The locks are too small for large boats, which are therefore obliged to pursue the former route down the San- tee, and by sea to Charleston; and want of water is alleged as a suffi- cient reason for the size of the locks. But a canal in that situation cannot in America be profitable, unless the navigation of the main river with which it communicates, is rendered safe and permanent; and whenever that of the Santee itself shall have been improved, the utility and profits of the canal will be considerably en- creased.
[To be continued.]
The Monitor
IS a newspaper now published at the city of Washington, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. It is devoted to News, Politics, Arts, Manufactures, and Agriculture. During the session of Congress, it will furnish the public with a correct, and (when necessary) a copious account of the proceedings and debates of the National Legislative body. At all times, it will communicate to its readers the earliest and most authentic intelligence, on all subjects of which it professes to be the vehicle. The patronage of the public is most respectfully solicited in aid of its establishment.
TERMS.—The price of subscription will be five dollars per annum, payable in advance. The paper will be transmitted always agree- ably to direction by mail, or left by a carrier ac- cording to orders.
Advertisements will be received and inserted at the usual prices.

The news of Gen. Armstrong's having left Paris, and of the confiscation at Hamburg of certain property said to be American, are supposed to indicate a hostile disposition on the part of the Emperor Napoleon towards the United States. This may be the case: but, until the circumstances attendant on both those events are better understood, we think it proper to suspend our opinions concerning them.
It is a little remarkable that the same conveyance, which brought the intelligence that Gen. Armstrong had left Paris, did not also bring an account of the reason of his doing so; since one could have been procured as easily as the other, if it had arisen from an open breach between the two Governments. The Federal editors, who always exult in every thing which threatens evil to their country, would no doubt have eagerly caught hold of, and immediately published the glad tidings of a rupture with France. Their failing to do this—their being on the contrary entirely silent as to the motives of Gen. Armstrong's journey, is enough to satisfy our minds that no important conclusions ought to be drawn from it. Besides, it should be recollected that Bonaparte had himself departed from Paris, on his way to Spain, before this removal (whether temporary or permanent) of our Ambassador took place—and it is not probable that, in the Emperor's absence, any of his Ministers would, of their own authority, have ordered of the Representative of the United States.
As to the affair at Hamburg, it has a still more dubious aspect. Before we can form a decisive opinion on the subject, we should wish to know whether the property seized was certainly of the growth or produce of America, or whether it consisted of British Manufactures imported into Hamburg in American vessels contrary to Bonaparte's decrees. If the latter was the case, the confiscation was no more than might have been expected, and not a certain sign of hostility towards the United States.
Farther information hereafter will probably explain these transactions more satisfactorily than we can at present. But, if in fact, Bonaparte has determined to declare war against us, (to shew his vexation at the injury sustained by his subjects in consequence of our Embargo,) we would ask Mr. Timothy Pickering and his Essex Junto, how it comes to pass that an Embargo, which they say was laid under French influence, should so highly be resented by France?
The reign of the Federalists in Massachusetts, is going on as might have been expected. They seem resolved to give the world sufficient evidence of the extravagance, absurdity and Toryism of their party; that every body may know what sort of an administration the General Government would have under a Federal President and a Federal Congress. From the sample of their principles afforded by the late Resolutions of the Massachusetts Legislature, there cannot be a question but that if the interests of the Union were at present in the power of the same party, they would submit to every thing demanded by the British, and even formally consent to their impressing our seamen, and taxing the cargoes of those few vessels of our's, which they would mercifully permit to escape a total condemnation—War with France, and an alliance offensive and defensive with Great-Britain, would then be the order of the day, the consequence of which would be, in a short time, and by a regular progression, the certain destruction of the liberties of the people of the U. States. The ensuing election of a President is therefore of vast importance, and requires the zealous and active co-operation of all the Republicans to defeat the machinations of their enemies and ensure a favorable result. But let them be vigilant, firm, and united, and ALL WILL BE WELL.
FOR THE ARGUS. DOMESTIC MANUFACTURE.
It must be a source of extreme pleasure to every reflecting mind (when perusing the newspapers of Richmond, especially the Argus, which appears to have taken the most active part in publications of this truly laudable design,) to observe that the great work of our national independence is about to be commenced; the ardor and patriotic spirit with which it began, opens indeed a flattering prospect—And does there a solitary doubt remain, that if it is conducted with that spirit of propriety which so great a work at the present trying crisis so loudly calls for, and in a country that so abundantly abounds with every necessary of life, that we shall not be able to live independent of that tyrannical nation, from whom we have received so many insults; insults which nothing but a people truly attached to a pacific government, would have submitted to.
It is a source no doubt of much gratification to the Goochland Republican Literary Institution (and a badge of honor to the movers,) who unanimously agreed to a resolution offered by Mr. John S. Lee, at their meeting on 7th May, that they should appear on the anniversary of their Independence, dressed in the manufacture of their own country; to observe that their examples have been followed by a resolution somewhat similar to theirs, entered into by the citizens of Powhatan; and that the wealthy inhabitants of a populous city, many of whom perhaps have never before worn any; have consented to dress themselves in this plain but independent garb, by adopting a similar resolution.
A Citizen of Goochland.
A general meeting of the citizens of Richmond and Manchester is requested at the Capitol on Saturday next at 10 o'clock in the morning, to receive the report of their committee of a plan for the encouragement of Domestic Manufactures.
JAS. MONROE.
Thursday, June 16, 1808.
Glad Tidings.—Yesterday week (says the Petersburg Intelligencer) the books of the Petersburg Manufacturing Society were opened, and 25,000 dollars immediately subscribed for. Thus have our citizens set an example glorious to themselves and of incalculable advantage to their country—an example which has been seconded by the metropolis and should be followed by every town and county in Virginia. If the citizens at large, will be faithful to themselves, and encourage their own productions, the time is not distant, when we shall be independent, not only in name but in reality.
Already have many of our citizens clad themselves in homespun; and we with pleasure record the almost unanimous determination of the Petersburg Troop of Cavalry to appear, on the 4th of July, with an uniform of white Virginia cloth. Instead of European manufacture, would it not be praiseworthy in the officers of militia to wear constantly pantaloon and waistcoats of the growth and product of our own fields and looms.
We can now say, by advices from all parts of Pennsylvania, that the political ticket of this state, will be—Madison for president, Snyder for governor—and that all party distinctions are likely to be reduced, under this ticket, to the old denominations of Democrats and Federalists—alias, Whigs and Tories. Aurora.
We are asked, who has nominated Governor Clinton for the Presidency? He was certainly not nominated by the republican caucus at Washington, for of the 93 members who attended the meeting, he had only three votes the rest were for Mr. Madison. He was not nominated by the republicans at Richmond, for Mr. Monroe is their candidate. He was not nominated by the legislature of this state at the session of last winter, notwithstanding the frequent private caucuses, (those at present anti-constitutional things) nor the general one, at which a conspicuous law character made so distinguished a figure. He was not nominated by the seventeen protesters, they barely attempted to prove the grand caucus unconstitutional. Then it is repeated, by whom has he been brought forward? [Pub. Adv.]
The Embargo, it is said, is distressing—Agreed—and so is the drawing of a tooth—but we all agree to laugh at the man who shrinks from the extraction of a torturing decayed tooth, because the operation is painful.
If the citizens of this country, once so distinguished for the patient endurance of the keenest temporary distresses in the pursuit of independence—have so degenerated as to shrink from grievances comparatively small, which must always be felt when foreign aggression drives us to extraordinary defensive measures, they will merit the reproachful injunction addressed by a distinguished ancient warrior to those who had shrunk from the hardships of their duty—“Go home—attend to the business of housewives—and let your more courageous women take your arms and defend your country.”
Indeed, in cases of emergency, we should have more reason to hope for relief from our ladies, who patiently suffer their ears to be bored and their gums perforated and mangled for mere ornament, than from creatures with breeches and boots who cannot bear a moment's delay in the career of money-making, to save their country.
The favorite maxim of our fugitive forefathers was, let us be free and independent—and we will take our chance for riches or poverty.
This magnanimous sentiment seems to be too nearly reversed by the present generation speculators. The only maxim that seems to govern us now is—let us be rich; and we will take our chance for freedom and independence. Democrat.
The following article is given in the Baltimore North American. Considering the highly prejudiced character of this print, we place but little reliance on the authenticity of the facts stated.
“Montreal, May 28. The boats of the Michilimackinac company, under the sanction of the permanent articles of the treaty of 1794, and the special provisions of a late act of congress, respecting Indian trade were proceeding to their ulterior destination by the accustomed route along the shore of Lake Ontario, when as they were doubling the point, to cross over to the British side as usual, with cargoes here laden for the Indian trade, the collector at Niagara aided by the troops of the garrison, fired upon the boats, brought them back, seized the goods, and turned the crew adrift without provisions. Some of the bullets even reached British Niagara.”
“A representation of the outrage has been forwarded to the government of the U. States by express.”
SPIRIT OF THE TIMES. We understand that a number of gentlemen have agreed to establish a Patent Shot Manufactory in the town of Alexandria.
I said in my last number that the American Citizen would “shortly be filled with all sorts of writings whimsical, comical, and farcical.”—Mr. Cheetham has completely verified my assertion.
The first article that met my eye, in succession to that gentleman's open declaration of hostility to Mr. Madison, was an estimate of electoral votes, proving very clearly, upon paper, that Mr. Clinton would have ninety, and must certainly be elected.
It is somewhat amusing to attend to the manner of his calculation:
New Hampshire and New Jersey are, “in all probability,” to vote for Mr. Clinton. Pennsylvania is “safely set down for Clinton and Monroe.”
Maryland is split all to pieces by the Citizen: “Clinton will have, five,” observes Mr. Cheetham.
And thus he proceeds through the whole seventeen states, cutting and carving them out to suit his fancy: and with his probabilities, safe settings down, and sayings, tells us in sober seriousness that “there cannot be either witchcraft or deception in his estimate.” Upon my soul, as honest Dan says in John Bull, “a man may see that.”
This being a free country, where the liberty and licentiousness of the press flourishing in perennial luxuriance, no man has any right to molest Mr. Cheetham in his amusement of president-making; but he must not be angry if we laugh at him. That, however, I presume, will not disturb his pleasant cogitations, or induce him to relinquish the pursuit: If I understand him, he is “of the family of the Panzas, who are all headstrong; and if once he says odds, odds it must be, though in fact it be even, in spite of all the world.”
The second article that has attracted my attention, on the same topic, is of rather a graver cast, by a shade or two, and made its entrance into the world in the Citizen of the 3d instant. Mr. Cheetham avers that Mr. Madison's nomination is not binding on the republican party; “Because it was not made according to former usage.” Reasons, with Mr. Clinton's friends, are doubtless “as plenty as blackberries” in his favor; & therefore it was rather ungenerous in Mr. Cheetham to give us so poor a one. Some of the vice President's leading friends (such, for instance, as Messrs. Lyon and Sloan) seem to think that Mr. Madison was nominated agreeably to “former usage,” which Mr. Lyon in particular said was a bad practice, and that was his reason for opposing him.
But let us examine how Mr. Cheetham gets along with his argument:
“I will prove (quoth he) by dates and facts, whose force no sophistry can resist nor ingenuity elude, that the nomination of Mr. Madison was made at Richmond, Virginia, and that the congressional caucus, held afterwards at Washington, did neither more nor less than servilely echo the nomination.”
The “dates and facts,” by which he substantiates this wonderful objection are these: Mr. Madison's friends held a meeting at Richmond, on the 21st of January, whereat they nominated him for president; and the members of congress did not meet at the capitol until the 23d of that month. On these data (which every body knows) Mr. Cheetham exclaims, “I have made out the facts!”
I hold it to be of no consequence whether Mr. Cheetham has proved the “facts” or not. But he has not stated the whole truth. The notification for the convention at Washington was issued on the 19th of January; that at Richmond not until the 21st. And even were that not the case, it would have been impossible, in the midst of winter, with bad roads and short days, for information of the result of a meeting held at Richmond on the evening of the 21st to reach this city on the 23d. On the 5th of Feb. last Mr. Cheetham said the friends of Mr. Madison in the metropolis of Virginia echoed the nomination made at Washington City: I corrected his error then. It now appears that he profited so well of my remarks, that he has got into the other extreme: I am happy to put him right once more. What his echo will be next, I do not know: But if it keeps on growing, it will, “in all probability,” be equal to the one in Ireland, which, when you inquired, How do you do this morn-
ing? replied, Very well, I thank you. The two meetings were separate and independent of each other; and that is telling the truth in a breath.
But I should really like to know whether it is upon such grounds that Mr. Clinton's claims to the presidency are to be supported! Mr. Madison's eligibility does not consist in his having been nominated at this place, or at that place, but in the virtues of the man, and in his capacity to discharge the duties of the presidential office. If he conducts their affairs with wisdom, as there is no doubt he will, Mr. Cheetham may rely upon it the people will forgive him for having been born in Virginia, and even for the dreadful crime of having been put in nomination at Richmond!
The editor of the Citizen seems to imagine that he is electioneering in the Highlands of Scotland; and talks of the states, as if each one formed a separate clan: but he may as well press his bagpipe to another air, for the people of the U. S. will not dance to the tune of George Clinton, under the title of a “Northern President.” They detest geographical distinctions; and would justly suspect, that the man who could patronize such local considerations as a means for obtaining the presidency, would not hesitate, if he did obtain it, to sacrifice the general welfare of the Union to narrow views in favor of particular sections of the country.
I deem it an orthodox article of the republican creed, that the maintenance of the rights of the nation with regard to foreign powers, as well as its liberty and independence, are inseparably connected with the election of James Madison: and it is now matter of solemn enquiry with the friends of that gentleman and of our national happiness and glory, whether, as Mr. Clinton has united himself with James Monroe, and is using all the engines within the scope of his influence to defeat the election of Mr. Madison, they ought not to strike Mr. Clinton from their ticket, and run some other person for Vice-President?—(Monitor.)
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in St. Mary's to his friend in Savannah, dated 24th May, 1808.
“A day or two ago, all the property, at least all the provisions for sale, belonging to Josiah Smith, of Savannah, was seized by the collector of St. Mary's and the officers of the gun boat. I believe, on suspicion of his being a smuggler—he has before been detected in thus violating the laws of our country.”
“It is truly distressing to reflect on the sufferings of the people of Florida. I am told they are absolutely starving, without a grain of corn or morsel of bread of any kind. A man, a few days since, obtained permission from the collector, to carry some corn to Cumberland, with the hope of getting it over to Amelia at night. In attempting it, however, he was discovered by the gun boat and brought back—he said his family and 25 negroes must starve for he had not a grain of corn when he left home, which was two days before; the other inhabitants of the island, he adds, are alike distressed.”
In giving publication to the first paragraph in the preceding extract, it may be urged by some, that we should have observed a greater degree of delicacy, than to have mentioned the name of the offender: but we conclude, and believe every well wisher to the country—every one not engaged in, or approving the nefarious traffic, will agree with us, that an American who can so far forget the obligations he is under to support the measures of his government, as thus to endeavor to thwart its plans of defence, ought to be held up to public view and public infamy. And as a mean of preventing, in some measure, future evasions of laws made for our preservation, it behoves every friend of the nation, to be vigilant and bold in making public the names of those who are ever ready to sacrifice national happiness and prosperity, at the shrine of a lawless and pitiful pecuniary compensation.
Savannah Republican.
Another letter from St. Mary's dated 27th May, says:
“We expect a large English armed vessel to load by force: if she does, we shall have warm work. The day before yesterday, sixty-four barrels of provisions were taken out of a store on Cumberland island, belonging to Josiah Smith, and carried to St. Mary's.”
Number of members in the Methodist connection, as returned at the late General Conference at Baltimore, held in May last, 151,995.
The wife of Mr. David Irish, of West field, Washington county, State of New-York, was delivered of five natural living children on the 1st inst. To the truth of this Dr. Branch, attending physician, has made oath before Lemuel Hastings, Justice of the Peace, of that place. (Troy pap.)
Boston, June 2.
OPPUGNATION.—The House of Representatives yesterday proceeded to the further consideration of Mr.
Wheaton's resolves for the purpose of expressing the opinion of the Legislature on our National Concerns. They were advocated by Messrs. Wheaton, Boyles, Thacher, Adams, Whitman and Gore—and opposed by Messrs. Goodwin, Wesson, Bangs, Martin, Ripley and Morton. The debate was continued with animation until after 7 o'clock, when the House adjourned till this morning, 9 o'clock.
The Embargo.—The following letter, received on Tuesday, not only corroborates the opinions universally entertained of the embargo in Europe, but incontestibly proves the union of sentiment on that important subject, collected from every quarter, as distant from each other as from America; while in this country alone, men are to be found so treacherous to the interests and honor of the U. S. as to reproach our own government for doing what all the rest of the world approves.
Extract of a Letter from an American Gentleman in Portugal, dated April 15th, to his friend in this town.
“This I presume is the last opportunity I shall have to write you until the Embargo shall be taken off; and I hope a general peace will put an end to the necessity of its continuance. I can readily conceive that it must cause great distress in our seaport towns, as well as here; but I trust it will be borne with patience, and even with a degree of cheerfulness by all ranks of citizens, until the grand object is effected for which it was put on—namely, to force the leading nations of Europe to respect our national rights and privileges. I have no doubt our present conduct strikes the rulers of England and France with dismay, as much so or more than would fifty line of battle ships. This is a cheap and effectual weapon of defence, and one that puzzles the European nations to find the means of combating—if we remain firm, they must give way.”
NEW-YORK, June 10.
Captain Hudson, of the Quantibay-cook, from Maderia, informs us, that a cutter arrived there from England previous to his sailing, with orders to restore the island to the Portuguese, and that the Portuguese colours were hoisted accordingly.
A frigate was daily expected from England, supposed for the purpose of conveying General Beresford to the Brazils.
Mr. Cathcart, the American consul, informed captain H. that he had received intelligence by a vessel in 7 or 8 days from Lisbon, with passengers, that the old King of Spain had been killed; that Bonaparte was within two days march of Madrid, at the head of 50,000 men; and that the inhabitants of Lisbon were in a state of extreme distress, arising from the scarcity of provisions.
Grain at Maderia was in great plenty. Capt. Becker, in a brig belonging to Baltimore, sailed the day before captain H. for the Canary Islands. He had lately come from thence, and informed captain Hudson that a number of Spanish privateers carrying from one to sixteen guns, were cruising off the Western Islands, with orders to capture all neutrals that had been boarded by the British.
Indian superstition.—The Indians firmly believe in witheralt. An Indian of the Seneca tribe, called Big Ben, unfortunately lost his wife and soon after his daughter; another Indian, at the distance of at least two hundred miles, boasted he had destroyed them by witchcraft. Ben heard and believed it; he quitted his home, and on Judge Huntington's estate met and killed the boaster. Ben was advised to fly, or otherwise he would, as being within the States line, be apprehended and hanged: in a voice of thunder he exclaimed, “If it be the fashion of Long Knife* to kill an Indian for destroying the murderer of his wife and child, Ben will submit to his fate; but if Ben regain his camp not all the white men, nor all the Indians, shall compel Ben to surrender.” Six white men were fixed upon to seize Ben; they saw him lying upon the ground, calmly smoking; his tomahawk, with his hand so placed as to be able instantly to use it; and by his side lay his loaded rifle ready cocked; his pursuers did not dare to attack him, and Ben is yet alive.—Previous to this murder a deadly hatred existed between his brother and himself; but as soon as the former heard of it he praised the heroism which dictated the murder. Not content, he sought for Ben, gave him his right hand and declared that he had often shot at the deceased, but he had ever been guarded by chetts (evil Genii) from the effects of his Rifle.—Mer. Adv. * So the Indians call the inhabitants of the U. States.

June 11.
Late accounts describe the situation of the West India Islands as being of the most distressing nature. The supply from this country being cut off, the inhabitants of all the Islands are almost reduced to the last extremity. The embargo begins now to have its full force, and from present appearances, we can perceive no glimmering to induce a hope that it will be soon taken off. While the Orders in Council and the decrees of Bonaparte are continued, we must remain in statu quo, and the unfortunate inhabitants of those countries which derived the necessaries of life from the U. S. must suffer an accumulation of evils. In Martinique flour is 60 dollars per barrel and other articles in proportion. Famine has, in many places, excited the natives and even the military to revolt, and it is, by no means, an extraordinary circumstance. Human nature must be supported, and generally when famine appears in any country, patriotism quickly disappears. Hardships of any other description may be endured with some degree of fortitude and patience, but hunger is a necessity which has no law.
L'Oracle.
Philadelphia, June 14.
The political news from Europe about the twentieth instant, may be expected to be of the utmost moment; and as the seizure of the Danish fleet and the barbarous conflagration of Copenhagen, were coeval and concurrent with the murders of the Chesapeake; the seizure of the Swedish fleet, and perhaps the burning of the dry docks of Stockholm, may be accompanied by some new and notable evidence of animosity towards the United States by the same humane power. Aurora.
Those who are so eager for taking off the embargo, suppose that their purposes and wishes cannot be seen thro' they know very well that a war must inevitably follow, were the embargo to cease to-morrow; since so long as the British orders of council remain in force, the retaliating decree of Milan also remains in force--by the former England subjects neutrals to capture for going to any part of Europe, excepting England; by the latter France interdicts all commerce with England, until England returns to the laws of nations established among civilized nations.
We must therefore--
 1. Either keep within our ports--  2. Resist their orders and decrees which involves war or capture--  3. Or--go to war with one or the other of them. 
Now our government prefers keeping the property and the citizens of America at home. The enemies of America wish to remove the embargo that we may have war. ib.
The English prints and correspondents are very fertile sources of comfort to the English politicians in the United States--they appear on paper as potent as Bonaparte on land; they ruin America through want of British commerce--they starve the European continent through want of coffee--one half of the American people (that is in seven eighths of the newspapers) are ready to revolt in favor of England--the other half of the people, (and the remaining eighth of the newspapers) are sold to France--the American ambassador at Paris is removed, by a stroke of legerdemain, from his station, while he remains without any sort of knowledge of the fact, snug at Paris, or rambling among the curiosities which the conquests of sixteen years past, have accumulated at Paris;--messengers carrying dispatches, are translated into ministers plenipotentiary--and revolts and civil wars are made to break out in three or four points of the U. States. ib.
We are authorised to state that satisfactory proof was produced to the collector of this district, that the sch. La Superieure, which sailed from this port a short time since, was a public armed vessel, possessing a commission from the emperor of France, and as such was exempted from the operation of the embargo act, as will appear by the following extract from the 2d section of said act, viz. "Armed vessels possessing public commissions from any foreign power, are not to be considered as liable to the embargo laid by this act." ib.
WASHINGTON, June 13.
The PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES arrived in this City on Friday last from Monticello. We are gratified in stating that he is in good health. The Secretary of State arrived on Saturday.
The information, received from England, is in several respects interesting. Mr. Rose reached London on 23d of April, when a cabinet council was immediately called. The promptness of this proceeding is, as far it goes, favorable. Mr. Nourse, the bear-
er of dispatches from our government, arrived in London on the 25th day of April. As the latest London dates do not extend beyond the 25th, time had not elapsed to learn the impression of our measures on the British cabinet. The next arrivals may be expected to bring something interesting. The information from France, stating the departure of Mr. Armstrong from Paris, is too vague and general to be entitled either to much credit, or to throw much light on our affairs with that country. Neither the date or causes of his departure, or the place of his destination, are mentioned. It is possible that it may have arisen from the imperial confirmation of the seizures at Hamburg, stated in the subjoined article; or it may have arisen in consequence of the receipt of dispatches posterior to the departure of the Emperor from Paris, which may have induced Mr. Armstrong to follow him. These are, however, mere conjectures, which with a thousand others, may be indulged on the occasion. It may not, however, be useless to state, as evincive of the high improbability of some recent articles in the federal prints, representing Mr. Armstrong to have been treated in a contumelious manner by Napoleon, that that gentleman has heretofore been invariably treated with respect. Indeed those acquainted with his character know that he would not brook any other treatment.
The delay of the Osage in France still remains unaccounted for. The instructions given were to land Mr. Lewis at L'Orient, and then to carry Mr. Nourse without delay to one of the out-ports of England; and on the latter receiving Mr. Pinkney's dispatches, to return to L'Orient, and take on board Mr. Lewis with general Armstrong's dispatches, and thence forth-with to repair to the U. States. There is one circumstance that renders it somewhat probable, that she may have remained at L'Orient under the apprehension of being prohibited to return to France after having touched at England. This is the recent treatment of a vessel, having on board the family of the Prussian minister, which, in consequence of having touched at England, was sent back from France without permission having been given to the family to land, although attached to the minister of a friendly nation.
A letter from the American Consul at Hamburg mentions that all the seizures of American property made prior to the 1st January, 1803, by the director of the Custom House there, had been confirmed by the Emperor of the French, who had directed that all the coffee, sugar and cotton not in a perishable state, should be transported by land to France.
We have the pleasure of stating that, the necessary contracts for erecting the bridge over the Potomac having been satisfactorily entered into, the work actually commenced a few days since. Arrangements are made, which promise the completion of this important object before the first of January next.
From the Washington Federalist.
Mr. Findlay, Be so good as to give the following statement a place in your paper.
A shearing of Seven Ewes, was made at Rose Mount, the residence of Doct. Kent, in Prince George's county, Maryland, on the 15th of May, the following was the result.
 No. 1. 3 years old, yielded 7-4 lbs.  2. 3 do. do. 6-4  3. 1 do. do. 8  4 & 5, twins, 1 year old, 6-4, each  6 same age, 6-4  7 do. 6-4 
Average weight of wool yielded by three years old, 6 3-4 lbs. of the yearlings, 6 3-4 lbs. The wool was clean and of a good quality. The lambs are the cross of the Calvert county and Dorsey Sheep, and make good mutton. They are easy feeders, not remarkable for size, but well formed, and keep their wool clean.
NORFOLK, June 13.
The Chesapeake Frigate yesterday went down to Cray Island. We understand that she will sail on a cruise during the present week. We have not understood that the men supplied this frigate, and the Gun Boats, from this place, have been replaced, in which case she will be nearly 100 men short of her complement.
Mu-freeborough, N. C. June 8, 1808.
On Monday last the inhabitants of this place, in order to celebrate the 4th of July with greater eclat, erected, by subscription, a superb LIBERTY
POLE, ninety-five feet in height, adorned with an elegant cap, and the following Motto:
MAY THE EMBARGO CONTINUE UNTIL EUROPEAN DESPOTS RESPECT OUR RIGHTS.
CHARLESTON, (S. C.) June 8.
A gentleman of veracity who says he has read Madrid Gazettes of recent dates, gives the following details:
The Prince of Peace learning no doubt that some unforeseen circumstances would strip him of the unlimited power he possessed, formed the project of making himself a sovereign prince over the Electorate of Hanover, and render himself independent of the caprice of a master. He wished to buy the electorate of the king of England, with a guarantee that he would not attempt to conquer it. Money carried in English frigates from Vera Cruz, was the price of the absolute renunciation of the king of England to the Electorate. One of the objects of Beaumarchais, the French ambassador at Madrid, was the marriage of one of the relatives of Napoleon, to the prince of Asturias. The Prince of Peace foreseeing his fall, if this union took place, multiplied the obstacles to its accomplishment. He negotiated with the French government for that same electorate; and his consent to the Marriage was the apparent success of the negotiation.
Here is the reason or pretext which accelerated the passage of a great number of Spanish troops to the French army in Europe. The prince of Asturias on his part carried on secret correspondence with the French ambassador; the object was to ruin this powerful usurper. This last having discovered the conspiracy, denounced to the king, the prince of Asturias, as a traitor to his father and to the state. The irresistible influence of Napoleon obtained the pardon and reinstatement of the prince in the king's favor, or rather convinced him of his son's innocence. The Prince of Peace has been a tool which the French government made use of to effect its purposes and who they destroyed when he became useless or troublesome.
Louisiana Monitor.
FROM A LATE LONDON PAPER.
Education of the Poor.
Mr. Joseph Lancaster has lately been establishing schools in various places, and lecturing on his plan of education. Among many of the schools is one at Bristol and Canterbury; to each of these places he had the most respectable invitations, and his lectures met the approbation of all his hearers, who received his details with acclamations. The goodness of the King and Royal family in patronising and supporting this young man, is highly to their honor, and their patriotic concern for the education of the poor is equally endearing to their subjects. At Bristol the school is ready to open for 300 boys, at Dover one for 300 was completely organized in two weeks, by a lad of 17, who established the school at Clewer, near Windsor, which was visited by the queen and princess last summer. The queen also saw this lad and knew he was a member of the established church. It was he who organized a school at Canterbury in the archbishop's old palace; in the very place where Lollards were tortured for having Bibles, 300 hitherto poor neglected children are now taught to read.
What a contrast, even since the days of Archbishop Becket and Lant! At Canterbury there were 300 boys admitted in two days, so great was the want of education in that populous city, and so deeply was it felt, that every benevolent heart in that place was alive to the important subject. At Lynn and Cambridge, schools for 300 each, are expected immediately to open under the sanction of the clergy of the places and all the respectable inhabitants. It was an extraordinary circumstance to see a Quaker in the town hall of Cambridge with an audience of seven or eight hundred persons called together at six hours notice to hear a lecture, the majority of the University being present, and the King's Professor of Divinity in the chair. The lecture was received by the Assembly with the highest approbation; the establishment of a school was proposed, and above 108 guineas subscribed before the audience left the room; the next day the subscriptions were nearly double. The thanks of the meeting were given to Mr Lancaster, for his instructive lecture. A Quaker lecturing on education--an audience of Clergy and Students listening with the most marked attention for two hours to the detail of this loyal and liberal plan of education! Could any mark in equally indelible colors, the liberality of the University of Cambridge?
For the particulars of this plan of education we refer the reader to the last number but one of the Edinburgh Review, which contains a most masterly performance on this subject; believed to be written by a clergyman of the church of England.
We are truly happy to see Mr Lancaster has his advocates among the clergy, who, as a body, have been unjustly branded for the act of a few, as the abettors of ignorance. We believe almost every thing which has been written in the different reviews, &c. in favor of this economical system, has been written by clergymen, and more are ready to take up their pens in its favour.
FROM THE PLEBIAN, (A NEW YORK PAPER)
ENCOURAGEMENT OF MANUFACTURES
While the citizens of the south are directing their energies, and applying their resources, to extend and multiply the manufactures of cotton goods, those of the north are equally active in extending and improving those of woolen. Perhaps in no three years have our manufactures progressed so much as they have and will during the year 1808.
The legislature of this state, with a liberality and foresight worthy the representatives of a great state, have appropriated a sum of near $4000 as premiums, for the best specimens of woollen cloth manufactured in the state during three succeeding years. The premiums are to be adjudged by the society for the promotion of Useful Arts, and the judges of the courts of common pleas, in the following manner:
 For the best specimen of 200 yards, $150  For the next best specimen of 150 yards, 75  For the next best specimen of 100 yards, 50  For the best specimen in each county, manufactured in a family, of 30 yards, 80  to be decided in the respective counties by the judges of the court of common pleas. From the prize specimens of each county, the Society of Useful Arts are to award,  For the best specimen, plate worth $150  For the next best, do. 100  For the next best, do. 50 
The legislature has also offered a premium of 50 dollars to the person who shall introduce the first Merino ram into any of the counties of this state, and vested in each town the power of greatly facilitating the introduction of this valuable breed of sheep into every part of this state.
Loans have been granted for the purpose of extending the woollen manufacture at Poughkeepsie, the cotton manufactory at Waterford, & the linen manufactory at Schaghticoke. Broadcloths, manufactured at the former, from the wool of Chancellor Livingston's Merino sheep, was taken to Albany last winter by Mr. Boothe, where it was considered as equal to the best imported.
The Dutchess Agricultural Society have offered premiums for the best neat cattle and sheep, and for the best model of several tools of husbandry. The exhibition of cattle, sheep and hogs, at the meeting of the society on the 3d instant, (May) "was highly gratifying to the friends of agriculture, and evinced much care and zeal to the cause of the different breeders who produced them: and proved, that with a small degree of spirited enterprise, the live stock of our country might vie with any other, perhaps, on this globe."
Royster & Bohannan,
Have For Sale, at their Store near the Market- Bridge, Richmond,
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF Groceries,
AMONG WHICH ARE--
  Brown Sugar in hids and bbls  Whiskey by the bbl or tierce    Loaf Sugar, in do  French Brandy    Best Green Coffee  Salt by the Sack    Imperial, and Young Hyson TEAS,  A quantity of excellent Lard by the firkin    Chocolate, by the box  A large assortment of Iron Castings, every description    Pimento  An assortment of Stone Ware    Pepper  Queen's Ware    Ginger  Soap and Candles by box    Rice  Leiper's Snuff    Mustard  Wrapping Paper    W. I Rum  Decanters    Jamaica do  Tomblers    N. England do  Wine Glasses    Molasses by bhd  Leading Lines    Sherry and Malaga  Bed Cords, &c &c &c    Wine     Holland and Country Gin     Spanish Segars by box or retail    Together with a number of other articles too tedious to enumerate--which they will sell low for cash, country produce, or approved paper in town.
It is earnestly requested that those who have long-standing accounts, will settle them immediately, as no longer indulgence can be given.
17th June, 1808 wtf
WANTED IMMEDIATELY
A few good Laborers, By the month, at the Columbian Mill, to whom liberal wages will be given.
Saml. Leech,
for John Granberry 1p
June 17th, 1808,
A Wet Nurse, wanted,
Enquire at this office.
NONE need apply unless well recommended.
June 17, 1808
2p
A very interesting essay over the signature of "AN AMERICAN WIT," will be found in the 4th page of this day's Argus. The attention of our readers is invited to it.
Virginia, to wit:
At a court of Appeals held at the capitol in Richmond, the third day of June, 1808. GENERAL RULE.--After the end of this present term, all causes depending in this court, shall be called in the order in which they stand upon the docket; and such as may be ready for hearing pursuant to the former rules of this court, shall, unless good cause be shown to the contrary, be heard in the same order in which they stand upon the docket, until the whole shall be gone through--and the causes which shall be passed over, shall, unless for some very special reason appearing to the court, be put at the end of the docket of each term.
Ordered, That the above rule be published in at least three of the newspapers printed in Richmond, once a week, until the first day of October next.
A Copy--Teste,
J. Brown, C. C.
Will be sold, for cash,
ON the fourth day of July next, being Albemarle July court, at the door of Tripier T. Etes in the town of Charlottesville, by virtue of a deed of trust, executed by William Davis, &c and recorded in the county court of Orange, for the purposes in said deed mentioned, one certain Tract or parcel of Land, lying and being in the said county of Orange, and on the waters of Lynch's river and adjoining the lands of Lewis Davis, Elisha Morris, Eliza Morris, &c, containing by estimation one hundred and thirty acres, be the same more or less, being the same land said William Davis bought of William Morris (to use the expression in said deed mentioned.)
WILL ALSO BE SOLD, on same day, place, and terms, by virtue of a deed of trust executed by James Kirby, &c, and recorded in the county court of Albemarle, for the purposes in said deed mentioned, one certain tract or parcel of land, containing by estimation sixty acres, be the same more or less, and adjoining the lands of Milburn Hogg, William Farris, Richard Johnson, &c, lying in the said county of Albemarle and on the waters of Buck Island Creek, being the tract of land said James Kirby had of his father John Kirby (to use the expressions of said deed trust)
WILL ALSO BE SOLD, on same day, place, and terms, by virtue of a deed of trust executed by John Morris, &c and recorded in the district court of Charlottesville, for the purposes in said deed mentioned, one certain tract or parcel of land lying and being in the county of Louisa, containing by estimation one hundred acres, and adjoining the lands of Thomas Haslow, David Sims and William McDaniel deceased which said tract or parcel of land said John Morris purchased of Thomas Haslow, some years past. (to use the expression of the said deed of trust) being only interested as trustee for the benefit of others, will only convey title to aforesaid lands in name as such.
Martin Dawson, Trustee.
4th June, 1808
Mount Comfort, FOR SALE.
SITUATED on Rappahannock in the county of Essex, within fifteen miles of Tappahannock and about the same distance from Urbanna and King and Queen Courthouse and very convenient to the post-office at Montague's Tavern--there are upwards of one hundred and fifty acres of land attached to this seat, a considerable part of which is wood land and heavily timbered--The improvements are a dwelling house, forty feet by eighteen, a Kitchen, a Smoke House, Stable, Ice House, &c on the Mill--And on the river-bank, a store house, with a commodious Store and Counting Room and an excellent Granary--all of which--except the Stable--have been recently built. Mount Comfort commands as good, if not the best view of the river of any seat on the Rappahannock and the best fish and oysters may be had at the door with very little trouble--It is well calculated for a merchant, being in a populous and wealthy neighborhood, where it is believed five or six thousand pounds worth of goods might be retained annually--it would also be a convenient stand for a professional character--I would either sell on credit if the payments can be agreed on, or exchange for other lands--without improvement. For further particulars apply to Reuben M c Garne, or to
Carter Wood, Mount Comfort, if
June 1, 1808
Ranaway
ON the 26th April last from Spartanburg court house, South-Carolina, a negro man named
GEORGE,
about five feet 8 inches high, thirty three years old, very stout made, has a broad face and lost some of his under teeth before, says he was sold by a lawyer Yates, to George Reaves and then carried to Georgia, and sold to a Mr Baxter near Sparta--This negro is supposed to have gone to Richmond, Petersburg, Norfolk or Alexandria--he has once before ran away from Georgia and got to Richmond. Whoever will secure the said negro in jail, or give such information that he can be got, shall receive ten dollars reward.
William Moseley, Henry W. Watkins.
Powhatan county, Va June 13, 1808 w2p
Nicholas Hallam,
FEW DOORS ABOVE THE SWAN TAVERN, HAS FOR SALE,
as equally good terms as sold in Richmond,
360 wax and fair Calf Skins,
Philadelphia manufacture,
First quality Cossack boot legs
do. do. Long, three quarter
and half, draft, calf
skin and Cordovan, do.
Calf and Cordovan roundings
and binding skins
Bridle leather, &c. &c.
Boots and Shoes.
Nails of all kinds.
Family Bacon, Butter, Cheese,
Lemons and Apples
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF
WELL CHOSEN GROCERIES.
Boots and Shoes made to measure
at short notice, and rips mended gratis.
April 12. 18wtf

FROM THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER. To the PEOPLE OF THE U. STATES.
The most important measure of the last session of Congress is the EMBARGO. As the same considerations which directed it led likewise to most of the other steps taken, if it shall appear to have been the result of correct views, there can be little dispute with regard to them.
Against this measure the collected artillery of the opposition has been brought to bear. It has inspired new hopes, and has given new life blood to party. The shattered fragments of federalism are industriously collected together, and we are excitingly told that the proud column, which once marked its triumphs, is again to rise on the ruins of the principles of the present administration.
Montesquieu and other distinguished political writers have laid it down as an axiom, that the duration of a republican government is dependent upon the virtue of the people. Our political adversaries, let it be remembered, have invariably treated the existence of this sentiment as chimerical; and hence, probably, their uniform ridicule of the feasibility of the principle of self-government, and the confidence that we must eventually, perhaps, in our own day, go the way of all other nations.
It is to this belief that their aspiring hopes at this crisis are to be traced. The ignorant, unskilled and factious body whose whole cry, in their view, is that of a succession of storms and vices, is once more, under a different sky, but still under the same baleful star, to be wrought upon by those means which have heretofore always proved unsuccessful. Their mistaken interests, their momentary gratifications, the fickleness of their feelings, their sudden hatred of those whom they lately respected, their pleasures in exercising despotic power by tumbling down one system and building up another, to mark in unerring characters, their total inability to govern themselves, and to prove to the world, and even to themselves, the policy of bending their necks to a regal master.
Fantastic as this picture may, in some of its features, appear, let us not too lightly treat it with contempt. It is only necessary to establish one fact, to reconcile all its apparent contradictions, and to soften down its discordances into one harmonious hue. Once establish the fact, that the people cannot command their own feelings, and it irresistibly follows that they must be commanded by others; that the republican system vanishes; and liberty is entombed.
The discussion of this topic is, therefore, of awful magnitude; it involves, not merely the fugitive interests of the day, the happiness of the present generation; but that of ages; that of a people, whose numbers and power are hereafter to guide the civilized world.
To establish the wisdom of the Embargo seems to my mind a very simple process. Few premises are required to supply the materials of a perfect demonstration.
Had not the embargo been laid, or some measure equally prohibitory of commerce been adopted, war would have been inevitable.
The effects of war would have been more injurious than those of the Embargo.
Hence the imposition of the Embargo was called for from a provident government by that principle which required it to adopt the best measures which existing circumstances admitted.
Of deity only it is the prerogative to do absolute, unqualified good, because such an act implies infinite power. To the limited capacity of man, it belongs to do the best he can, which in its most intelligent exercise blends evil with good. It is, however, enough for the purest virtue and highest wisdom of man, that he does his best and that the condition of those who are the subjects of his power, is rendered as happy as circumstances warrant.
As the inferences here drawn are plain and indisputable, the whole of this discussion must consist in examining the soundness of the premises. To do this, it will be requisite,
In the first place, to show that, but for the imposition of the Embargo, war would have been inevitable.
Secondly, to show that the Embargo is the lesser evil; in doing which a contrasted view will be taken of the effects of war and of the Embargo.
To carry me successfully through this discussion, it is necessary to require one thing from my countrymen. In pronouncing judgment they must think as well as feel. While they realize the extent of the evil they suffer, they must not shut their minds to the evils they would suffer, but for the existence of that which they feel. They must exercise their rational as well as animal faculties. They must look to their permanent and ultimate, no less than to their fleeting and present interests; and they must not forget their whole welfare, present as well as future, is inseparable from that of the nation.
I proceed, then, in the first place, to show that but for the imposition of the Embargo war would have been inevitable.
The French decree declares the British Isles in a state of blockade, prohibits the trade in British goods, and confiscates as lawful prize the neutral vessel and cargo which shall have submitted to British search on the high seas, touched at her ports or received her licence. While the British orders authorise the forcible capture
of all British subjects found on board American vessels, making subordinate British officers the judges of the fact; and, under the form of a blockade of all the ports of the continent of Europe, interdicts all trade with it, except through England, and under such fiscal and political restrictions as she may think fit to impose.
There are two obviously distinct views of which this point is susceptible; the one, political; the other, pecuniary.
Individual interest out of the question, would it comport with the character of an independent nation to permit its merchants to carry on a traffic under such restrictions? Would not such a permission betray a desolation of spirit inconsistent with independence; and would our nominal independence but clumsily cover our actual vassalage? Our spirits have risen indignant at Algerine tribute, although in rendering it we only trod in the steps of the most powerful nations, and at a recent period, the universal cry of the country has been "millions for defence, but not a cent for tribute." Are these feelings dead? Is the generous spirit that excited them fled forever? Has the magnitude of the present evil deprived us of the power of estimating it and made us insensible of its effects upon our national character? Has the record of our valor, traced in the blood of our heroes, become defaced and obliterated? Is the proud monument of our triumph annihilated? Can we think of what we did when a trifling, disconnected, a poor nation; and not sink, in abasement, at the idea of now, when we are a numerous, a united, a rich people, doing less, nay undoing what we then did? For the cases are in principle most strikingly analogous. The only difference is in the degree in which it is applied. Then although a colony, we denied the right of Britain to lay a tax even of a cent on a pound of tea; we appealed to arms to resist the exercise of the right, and we triumphed. Now although an independent nation, acknowledged as such by herself, she does not hesitate to impose taxes a thousand fold as heavy. Then the tax attempted to be rivetted was on a foreign commodity; now it is imposed on our own domestic products. She tells us you shall bring all these products into my ports, you shall pay such duties on their importation as I prescribe, and, then, you shall, as I please, as my interest dictates, either not export them at all, or pay such taxes on their exportation as I shall fix. So fully does this view of the subject present itself to an unprejudiced mind, that we find it has not escaped the intelligent and independent writers in England. Mr. Baring in his celebrated tract on the conduct of Britain towards this country, says, "The American patriot will probably see with pleasure, that if he must have war, the provocation (by England) is of a nature to unite every prejudice, and every real interest of his country. By attempting to confine the European trade of America to Great Britain, and by the avowal of an intention to tax that trade on its passage to the continent, we are returning to those principles to which, even as a colony, she would not submit. It is immaterial whether it be a tax on stamps or on cotton: this question has already been the subject of a long and bloody war, and it can hardly be supposed that America will now submit to a direct attack on her sovereign and independent rights."
Attend on this same point to the language of Mr. Rathbone, an eminent merchant of Liverpool, which place has been electrified by the effect of the British orders—"Can we expect," says he, "she (America) will ever consent that we shall dictate the terms on which her commerce shall traverse the ocean; or that her ships shall be forcibly compelled to enter our ports, and be subject to taxation, in return for which she obtains no advantage? On the subject of foreign taxation, America may naturally be expected to be jealous in the extreme. Will she who voluntarily encountered all dangers, struggling under all difficulties, endured all privations, submitted to all sacrifices, and largely expended both her treasure and blood, rather than submit to taxation by a foreign state; will she, now that her independence has been acknowledged and established, submit to be taxed by us?"
Such a the sentiments imbibed by intelligent men, on the other side of the Atlantic, of our character, and of the conduct which a maintenance of that character must produce. They consider submission on our part as out of the question. Contemplating the principles to which we owe our political birth, the success with which they were asserted, and the vast accession of strength which have since crowned our adherence to them, they do not dream of the possibility of our submitting as a nation to the exercise of a power as unjust in itself as injurious to us. They consider the exertion of this power as an act of war, as a forcible invasion of our essential rights of sovereignty.
And can it be conceived that our regard for our own country is less ardent than their regard for it; or that our perception of our interests is less clear than theirs? Is the spirit of liberty dead? Are we insensible to the wide spread prosperity with which it has covered our whole country; and that its absence for any length of time would turn our cultivated fields into deserts and our populous towns into neglected ruins? Are we ready, for the enjoyment of a commerce, without profit, to pay tributary millions into the coffers of our rival and our enemy? More millions than feed our own treasury? The thing is impossible. Throwing aside altogether its effects on individual interest, submission is impossible. It would sink us
deeper in disgrace than any people has hitherto ever sunk.—The thought of what we were, contrasted with the feeling of our degradation, would be intolerable; and the government that should be base enough to submit would be instantly despatched by an incensed people of its blighted honors.
AN AMERICAN WHIG.
FOR SALE, 20 PUNCHEONS Choice Antigua Rum, Russell & Wallace. May 31, 1808
METTRESSES OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS, MADE and repaired, agreeably to order, in the large wooden house opposite the Old City Tavern, two squares below the market bridge, Richmond.
J. S. Pleasants. May 31, 1808
Joseph Marx & Co. Have on hand an assortment GERMAN OZNBURGS, TICKLENBURGS, DOWLASS, and TOWELLING, by the bale, box or piece. COGNAC BRANDY and MOLASSES. SACK SALT, coarse and fine. Which they will sell for cash, tobacco, of approved paper. Richmond, April 28, 1808.
Penitentiary Store. SHOES at the Manufacture of the Penitentiary have been lately REDUCED, considerably below their former prices. D. J. BURR, Agent. 10th May, 1808.
Cut Herrings and Shad. THE Subscribers are receiving a few hundred barrels of CUT HERRINGS and one hundred barrels SHAD, IN PRIME ORDER, which they will sell on moderate terms for cash or approved paper at 30 days.
IN STORE, Salt in Sacks and a General Assortment of Groceries. RUSSELL & WALLACE. May 24, 1808.
10 Dollars Reward
RUNAWAY from the subscriber on the 11th of December last, a negro woman named CHARLOTTE late the property of a Mrs. Timberlake of Hanover county. She is of a light complexion about five feet high, has a scar on her forehead, supposed to be 35 or 36 years old. It is supposed she is harbored in Richmond by her husband who is hired at the Armory, or in New Kent by some of his relations, or acquaintances. The above reward will be paid to any person who will deliver the said woman to the subscriber or secure her in any Jail. WILLIAM W. DICKINSON Richmond, April 27, 1808.
Pursuant to a deed of trust from Moses Davis and Mary, his wife, to the Subscriber, dated on the 4th of March 1807, to secure the payment of 3445 dollars, due, or owing from said Moses Davis to Prosser and Moncure, assignees of Pleasant Younghusband; on Saturday the 11th day of June next on the premises will be offered for sale to the highest bidder, for ready money, the balance of the trust.
Lot and parcel of Land, lying and being in the county of Henrico, contiguous to the city of Richmond, being a part of the same Lot and parcel of Land conveyed by Richard Adams and Elizabeth, his wife, to said Moses Davis by deed, dated 3d day of March, 1807, beginning and running on the road or street, leading from the Market House, in the city aforesaid, to Du Val's Village, north 4 1/2 degrees, west 4 chains and 32 links, to a street for forty feet wide, dividing said lot and parcel of land, and the lot formerly William Cannon's, now John Doyle's, and building on said street, north 89 degrees, east, 4 chains and 94 links to the corner of the said street; thence on the back street, south 4 1/2 degrees, west 4 chains 32 links to a corner street 40 feet wide next towards said city, and running on said street, south 89 degrees, west 4 chains, 35 links to the said road about the beginning, with the buildings and improvements thereon, consisting of
A Large Framed House, making three tenements—or so much of said premises as will raise the instalments, or balance now due of the aforesaid debt, with the interest thereon, and the charges and expenses attending the sale. The sale will commence at or after 10 o'clock in the morning. George Wm. Smith. City of Richmond, May 24, 1808.
Land for Sale. PURSUANT to a deed of trust executed to the subscribers by John C. Miller, for the purpose of securing the payment of sundry debts therein mentioned, will be sold upon the first Monday in January 1808, for cash, upon the premises, a tract of land, mentioned in said deed, lying upon the waters of Lockton's and Harris' creek, in the county of Prince Edward, and supposed to contain between six and seven hundred acres. We shall make such title as is transferred to us by said Miller, saving all former incumbrances. The improvements upon this land are such as are usual upon snug plantations in this part of the country, but better fenced than usual. Charles Woodson, James Madison, Trustees. Prince Edward, Oct. 16, 1807.
The above sale is postponed till Tues day the 28th day of June next. 10w
TO RENT,
A GOOD TENEMENT on Market Alley, opposite the Market House; it is among the best stands in the neighborhood for a grocery. For terms apply to the subscriber or to Harry Tompkins. ISAAC WEBSTER. February 15.
Mr John Warren, administrator of Joseph Pugh, deceased:
As you are not an inhabitant of the State of Virginia, and have no known agent therein, I take this method of giving you notice that, on the first Monday in August next, between the hours of nine in the morning and of sunset of that day I shall, at Chancery court house, in the state of Virginia, proceed to take the affidavits of William Morton, Francis Scott, and others, witnesses in my favor, in support of an injunction which I have obtained from the Superior Court of Chancery for the Richmond District, to stay proceedings on a judgment of Prince Edward District Court entered in your favor against me as executor of William Price, dec'd. I am, Sir, your's, &c. William Price.
Amelia county, Virginia, May 26 1808. 4w
I WILL DISPOSE OF MY TRACT OF LAND,
LYING in Powhatan county, containing 500 acres, of which there is 80 or more prime low grounds, which never is overflowed by the river Appomattox. There is also a fine mill seat, the dam nearly completed, and timbers ready to go to complete the mill, upon a never failing stream. The terms will be one-half cash, the balance in 12 months. I will sell or treat with any one between this and the 1st July next, otherwise it will be sold upon the premises, to the highest bidder, together with other property. The terms of the personal property will be made known on the day of sale. John H. Saunders. January 5, 1808.
I AM desirous to exchange the following property, or any part thereof, as may be agreed on for a small tract of good Land, in a healthy situation, with a dwelling house and other improvements, a good spring of water, and an agreeable neighborhood, at a distance of 30 to 100 miles up the country—To say for Houses in this city—Lands in Henrico county, joining the academy lands, and near this city—2,000 acres on Richland creek, in Lincoln county—Kentucky—1,000 acres on the waters of the Ohio, in Mason county—and two tracts of Military Lands on the river Tennessee, each 866 2/3 acres. Robert Mitchell. Richmond, Feb 6, 1808.
Valuable Lands.
THE subscriber will sell, on a credit, or exchange for Property in Richmond or its neighborhood, the following LANDS, to wit: 822 acres in the state of Kentucky, by survey bearing date the 10th day of October 1797, lying and being in the district set apart for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on Little Barren river. Also, 1000 acres, in Kentucky, by survey bearing date the 10th October 1797, likewise lying in the district set apart for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on the north side of Little river, a branch of Cumberland river, and about two and an half miles from the mouth of Little river. Also, 450 acres of Land in the county of Mason, state of Virginia, on Old Town creek, about 8 miles from Mason courthouse. Indisputable titles will be made to the above mentioned lands; and plots of each tract may be seen on application to the subscriber residing in Richmond. THOMAS BOHANNON January 23d. 1808.
Wm. & Mary College.
THE visitors of Wm. & Mary College, are reminded that the semi-annual Examination of the Students and Grammar Boys, will commence on the 2nd day of June. Frequent trials to obtain a meeting have heretofore failed in consequence of some of the members not finding it convenient to attend. This not only augments the labor to those who make it convenient to attend—but the interests of the College are neglected. Samuel Tyler, Rector. Williamsburg, May 31, 1808.
COW POX.
THE Subscriber informs those that he wishes to be vaccinated, that he has received fresh Matter from Dr. Balfin, (Norfolk) which has succeeded in several vaccinations, and is now fit for inoculation. D. L. Wm. Sackrider. Richmond, June 6th, 1808.
JUST RECEIVED,
A few hundred barrels cut & whole Herrings Antigua Rum by the hogshead & Best Green Coffee by the bag. FOR SALE BY C. H. SAUNDERS, 2d June, 1808.
Richmond Tile Manufactory.
THE subscriber having procured the exclusive right to manufacture in this and several other states Harwood's much improved Patent Tile for covering houses, and at considerable expense erected the necessary buildings, &c. for carrying on that useful business extensively, now offers to supply, at a short notice, any quantity that may be required, at the moderate price of Thirty Five Dollars per thousand, delivered at his factory. He can with confidence, founded on actual experiment, in the covering of about 20 houses in this city, assert, that houses can be covered with this tile as cheap in the first instance, as with shingles of the first quality, and when the security against fire, the difference of insurance, the durability and particular construction on these tile to resist the most penetrating rains and snows are considered, he cannot doubt of meeting with considerable encouragement. It requires only the examination of a well covered roof to convince the most prejudiced mind of their superiority to any other tile heretofore made, or to the best slate, and will cost less than the latter, after paying the expense of water carriage to almost any part of this continent. Particular attention will be paid to orders from other towns, and in all cases where whole and sound, along side of the vessels, at the expense of carriage only to the purchasers. Any person skilled in the art of tiling, will put on those tile with great facility, but where they cannot be procured, he can engage a few here who have had some experience, and will go a moderate distance, if the job is of sufficient magnitude and their travelling expenses paid. BENJAMIN DU VAL. Richmond, March 12, 1808. N. B. I wish to sell Patent Rights in several other states. wtf B. B.
MEDICINE STORE.
William West,
HAS taken the tenement formerly occupied by Doctor Wray, near to the market house, and a few doors below the Old City Tavern, where he has just opened a
Fresh supply of Medicines, AND OTHER ARTICLES IN THE DRUG LINE.
He can confidently recommend them to be fresh and genuine, having been laid in by a particular friend of his, who is a good judge of their different qualities. His nearness to the courthouse and market-house, will be a great convenience to his country friends, who may have to attend at either of those places, and who may wish to be supplied with any articles in his line. He will afford regular attention to all orders and receipts that he may be favored with. Captains of vessels and other mariners will be furnished with medicines and cheats at low prices. Richmond, June 3, 1808. Iawtf
Grantland & Harwood,
COACH-MAKERS;
RESPECTFULLY inform their friends and the public in general, that they have commenced the above business on the back-street, between the Bell Tavern and col. Mayo's bridge, where they are prepared to make and repair, CIGS, PHAETONS, COACHES, &c. in the neatest and most fashionable manner. All new work done by the subscribers, will be warranted for twelve months, except it should be broken by accident. Samuel Grantland, jr. Archibald R. Harwood. Richmond, May 31, 1808. w3
20 Dollars Reward.
Ranaway from the Subscriber living in Halifax county, at the fork of Dan and Banister river on or about the 23d day of August last, SHADRACK, a negro man slave, aged between thirty five and forty years. He is a sensible well informed fellow, is an excellent house servant, to which business and that of a groom he was principally applied for some time by capt. John A. Fawkes his late master, previous to my purchasing him of his executor, which was only two days before his elopement. His complexion is not entirely black, but yellowish; yet of the negro yellow; has a defect in the right eye which is nearly if not quite blind, occasioned by an inflammation, and both eyes generally show inflamed symptoms—he also has had an arm broken, but this will not be perceived without particular examination—he has a bold, open appearance is well made, about five feet six or seven inches high, as well as recollection—uncommonly complacent and conversable for a slave, and capable if he attempts it of much deception. He carried away with him a considerable variety of good clothes, a snuff colored cloth coat is particularly recollected, is very fond of dress, and it is expected will appear well as to that article and attempt to pass as a free man; to effect which, it is probable, the indulgence afforded him by his late master and particularly the confidence placed in him in his last illness, was made use of to supply himself with cash—and that he has since procured from some evil disposed person false papers against which the public are cautioned in confiding. The above reward will be paid to any person delivering him to me, at my residence, or securing him in any jail so that I get him again as well as all legal and reasonable expenses. William Owen. January 4, 1808. w12p
Notice.
ALL persons to whom the estate of the late Joseph Benning, dec. of Buckingham county, is indebted, are desired on or before the 6th day of November next, to bring forward their claims properly authenticated that provision may be made for payment, and to all claims exhibited after that period, this advertisement will be plead in bar. Those indebted to said estate are invited to make payment by that time, as no indulgence will be given. DMUND GLOYER, ex'r. 1st June, 1808. 2p
10 Dollars Reward.
SOME vile incendiary, in the absence of the Compositors on Wednesday afternoon, after the matter contained in the first page of Tuesday's paper had been corrected for the press, made his way unperceived into the printing office, and for purposes which can only be known to his own depraved mind, made an alteration in the type by taking out one word, and substituting another in its place. It could only have been done by a person acquainted with the printing business, our suspicions rest upon an individual well known. The above reward will be paid to any person who will fix the fact on the disgraceful wretch who committed it. Argus Office, June 10.
5 Dollars Reward.
STRAYED or Stolen from the Subscriber on Friday the 3d inst. off the commons of Richmond, a large Sorrel Horse fifteen and an half hands high, five years old, shod all round, paces, trots and canters well, and runs in any kind of a carriage well, one hind foot white and a small knot on the inside of one of his fore legs, below the knee. I will the above reward to any person that will deliver said horse to me near the market house. M. TURNER. Richmond, 14th June, 1808. tf