The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-08-04 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FOUR DOLLARS PER ANNUM...payable in advance.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FOUR DOLLARS PER ANNUM...payable in advance.
NUMBER 26.]
NUMBER 26.]
SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 4, 1804.
SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 4, 1804.
[VOLUME 1.]
[VOLUME 1.]
CONDITIONS.
CONDITIONS.
 I. The ENQUIRER will appear twice a week...During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment will be FOUR DOLLARS per annum, to those who subscribe previous to the 9th August, after which, the price will be FIVE DOLLARS, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
 I. The ENQUIRER will appear twice a week...During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment will be FOUR DOLLARS per annum, to those who subscribe previous to the 9th August, after which, the price will be FIVE DOLLARS, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
Foreign Intelligence.
Foreign Intelligence.
Translated for the Mercantile Advertiser, from late Paris and Bordeaux papers.
Translated for the Mercantile Advertiser, from late Paris and Bordeaux papers.
FRENCH EMPIRE.
FRENCH EMPIRE.
PARIS, 29 Floreal (May 19.)
PARIS, 29 Floreal (May 19.)
The Senate in a body went yesterday, as we have already noticed, to Saint Cloud, for the purpose of presenting the Organic Senatus Consultum to the Emperor; the retinue was accompanied by several bodies of troops. The Senate was, immediately on its arrival, admitted to an audience of the Emperor. Consul Cambacérès, President of the Senate, spoke in these terms:
The Senate in a body went yesterday, as we have already noticed, to Saint Cloud, for the purpose of presenting the Organic Senatus Consultum to the Emperor; the retinue was accompanied by several bodies of troops. The Senate was, immediately on its arrival, admitted to an audience of the Emperor. Consul Cambacérès, President of the Senate, spoke in these terms:
"SIRE, The decree which the Senate has just rendered, and which it hastens to present to your Imperial Majesty, is but the authentic expression of a will already manifested by the nation. This decree, which confers upon you a new title, and which insures the inheritance of it, after you, to your race, adds nothing to your glory, nor to your rights. The love and acknowledgment of the French people have, for four years past, confided to your Majesty the reins of the Government; and the Constitutions of the State already trusted to you for the choice of a successor. The still higher denomination which is decreed for you is, therefore, nothing more than a tribute which the nation pays to her own dignity, and to the desire she feels of giving you every day testimonies of a respect and an attachment which increase daily.
"SIRE, The decree which the Senate has just rendered, and which it hastens to present to your Imperial Majesty, is but the authentic expression of a will already manifested by the nation. This decree, which confers upon you a new title, and which insures the inheritance of it, after you, to your race, adds nothing to your glory, nor to your rights. The love and acknowledgment of the French people have, for four years past, confided to your Majesty the reins of the Government; and the Constitutions of the State already trusted to you for the choice of a successor. The still higher denomination which is decreed for you is, therefore, nothing more than a tribute which the nation pays to her own dignity, and to the desire she feels of giving you every day testimonies of a respect and an attachment which increase daily.
"Ah! how could the French people find bounds to their acknowledgments, when you do not put any to your cares and your attitude for them? How could they, preserving the remembrance of the hardships they have undergone when abandoned to themselves, think without enthusiasm of the happiness they experienced since they were inspired by Providence to throw themselves into your arms? The armies were defeated; the finances in disorder; public credit annihilated; factions disputing between themselves the remains of our ancient splendor; ideas of religion and even of morals had become obscure; the habit of giving and taking back power, would leave the magistrate without importance, and had even rendered odious every kind of authority.
"Ah! how could the French people find bounds to their acknowledgments, when you do not put any to your cares and your attitude for them? How could they, preserving the remembrance of the hardships they have undergone when abandoned to themselves, think without enthusiasm of the happiness they experienced since they were inspired by Providence to throw themselves into your arms? The armies were defeated; the finances in disorder; public credit annihilated; factions disputing between themselves the remains of our ancient splendor; ideas of religion and even of morals had become obscure; the habit of giving and taking back power, would leave the magistrate without importance, and had even rendered odious every kind of authority.
"Your Majesty has appeared. You have recalled victory to our standards; you have established regulation and economy in the public expenditure; the nation, encouraged by the use you have made of it, has recovered confidence in its own resources; your wisdom has calmed the rage of party; religion has seen its altars raised anew; ideas of justice and injustice have awakened in the minds of the citizens when they have beheld the punishment follow the crime, and honorable distinctions reward and signalize virtues. In short, and this doubtless is the greatest of the miracles wrought by your genius, that people whom civil effervescence had rendered refractory to all restraint, and at enmity with all authority, you have known how to make them cherish and respect a power which existed only for their glory and their repose.
"Your Majesty has appeared. You have recalled victory to our standards; you have established regulation and economy in the public expenditure; the nation, encouraged by the use you have made of it, has recovered confidence in its own resources; your wisdom has calmed the rage of party; religion has seen its altars raised anew; ideas of justice and injustice have awakened in the minds of the citizens when they have beheld the punishment follow the crime, and honorable distinctions reward and signalize virtues. In short, and this doubtless is the greatest of the miracles wrought by your genius, that people whom civil effervescence had rendered refractory to all restraint, and at enmity with all authority, you have known how to make them cherish and respect a power which existed only for their glory and their repose.
"The French people pretend not to sit in judgment on the constitution of other states; they have no criticisms to make, no examples to imitate; their lesson henceforward is derived from experience. They have for ages relished the advantages attached to hereditary power; they have made a short, but painful experiment of a contrary system; they return, by the effect of a free and mature deliberation, to a path conformable to their genius.
"The French people pretend not to sit in judgment on the constitution of other states; they have no criticisms to make, no examples to imitate; their lesson henceforward is derived from experience. They have for ages relished the advantages attached to hereditary power; they have made a short, but painful experiment of a contrary system; they return, by the effect of a free and mature deliberation, to a path conformable to their genius.
"They make a free use of their rights, to delegate to your Imperial Majesty a power of which their own interests forbid them the exercise. They covenant for generations to come; and, by a solemn compact, they confide the happiness of their nephews to the branches of your race. The latter will imitate your virtues; the former will inherit our love and our fidelity.
"They make a free use of their rights, to delegate to your Imperial Majesty a power of which their own interests forbid them the exercise. They covenant for generations to come; and, by a solemn compact, they confide the happiness of their nephews to the branches of your race. The latter will imitate your virtues; the former will inherit our love and our fidelity.
"Happy the nation which, after so many troubles and incertitudes, finds in its bosom a man worthy to appease the tempest of the passions, to conciliate all interests, and to unite all voices!
"Happy the nation which, after so many troubles and incertitudes, finds in its bosom a man worthy to appease the tempest of the passions, to conciliate all interests, and to unite all voices!
"Happy the Prince who holds his power from the will, the confidence, and the affection of the citizens! If it is within the principles of our institution (and already several similar examples have been given) to submit to the sanction of the people that part of the decree which concerns the establishment of hereditary government, the Senate has thought fit to supplicate your Imperial Majesty to agree that the organic dispositions should be immediately carried into execution; and for the glory as well as the happiness of the Republic, it now proclaims NAPOLEON, Emperor of the French.
"Happy the Prince who holds his power from the will, the confidence, and the affection of the citizens! If it is within the principles of our institution (and already several similar examples have been given) to submit to the sanction of the people that part of the decree which concerns the establishment of hereditary government, the Senate has thought fit to supplicate your Imperial Majesty to agree that the organic dispositions should be immediately carried into execution; and for the glory as well as the happiness of the Republic, it now proclaims NAPOLEON, Emperor of the French.
The Emperor made the following reply:
The Emperor made the following reply:
"Whatever can contribute to the good of the country, is essentially connected with my happiness. I accept the title which you think useful for the glory of the nation. I submit to the sanction of the people the law of hereditary government. I hope that France will never repent of the honors with which she encircles my family. At all events my spirit will have ceased to animate my posterity whenever they shall cease to deserve the love and the confidence of the Great Nation."
"Whatever can contribute to the good of the country, is essentially connected with my happiness. I accept the title which you think useful for the glory of the nation. I submit to the sanction of the people the law of hereditary government. I hope that France will never repent of the honors with which she encircles my family. At all events my spirit will have ceased to animate my posterity whenever they shall cease to deserve the love and the confidence of the Great Nation."
The Senate had then an audience of her Imperial Majesty, to whom the Consul Cambacérès
The Senate had then an audience of her Imperial Majesty, to whom the Consul Cambacérès
addressed a Speech of congratulation on her accession to the Imperial dignity.
addressed a Speech of congratulation on her accession to the Imperial dignity.
Letter of his Imperial Majesty to the Consul Cambacérès and Le Brun.
Letter of his Imperial Majesty to the Consul Cambacérès and Le Brun.
"Citizen Consul Cambacérès: your title is about to be changed. Your functions and my confidence remain the same. In the high dignity of arch-chancellor of the Empire (and of arch-treasurer) with which you are going to be invested, you will manifest, as you have done in that of Consul, the wisdom of your counsels, and the distinguished talents which have given you so important a part in every thing good that I may have done. I have, therefore, nothing to desire from you but a continuation of the same sentiments for the state and for myself. Given at the palace of St. Cloud, 28th Floreal, year 12.
"Citizen Consul Cambacérès: your title is about to be changed. Your functions and my confidence remain the same. In the high dignity of arch-chancellor of the Empire (and of arch-treasurer) with which you are going to be invested, you will manifest, as you have done in that of Consul, the wisdom of your counsels, and the distinguished talents which have given you so important a part in every thing good that I may have done. I have, therefore, nothing to desire from you but a continuation of the same sentiments for the state and for myself. Given at the palace of St. Cloud, 28th Floreal, year 12.
NAPOLEON."
NAPOLEON."
By the Emperor, H. B. MARÉ, Secretary of State.
By the Emperor, H. B. MARÉ, Secretary of State.
The members and principal clerks of the different branches of administration took the oath prescribed by the Organic Senatus Consultum, "I swear obedience to the constitutions of the Empire, and fidelity to the Emperor." The troops in Paris have also taken the same oath in the Champ de Mars.
The members and principal clerks of the different branches of administration took the oath prescribed by the Organic Senatus Consultum, "I swear obedience to the constitutions of the Empire, and fidelity to the Emperor." The troops in Paris have also taken the same oath in the Champ de Mars.
Extraordinary sitting of the Tribunal, 39th Floreal, (29th May.)
Extraordinary sitting of the Tribunal, 39th Floreal, (29th May.)
On the proposition of M. Chabier, (de l'Allier) the tribunal decrees, that they will proceed in a body to his Imperial Majesty; and that there shall be opened at the Secretary's office, a Register in which every tribune shall inscribe his vote; and also decree, upon the proposition of M. Chabier, that a medal shall be struck to commemorate the happy event which fixes the destiny of the French Empire.
On the proposition of M. Chabier, (de l'Allier) the tribunal decrees, that they will proceed in a body to his Imperial Majesty; and that there shall be opened at the Secretary's office, a Register in which every tribune shall inscribe his vote; and also decree, upon the proposition of M. Chabier, that a medal shall be struck to commemorate the happy event which fixes the destiny of the French Empire.
ORGANIC SENATUS CONSULTUM, of the 28th Floreal.
ORGANIC SENATUS CONSULTUM, of the 28th Floreal.
The Conservative Senate, having formed a quorum agreeably to the 90th article of the Constitution; having seen the project of the Senatus Consultum digested in the form prescribed by article 57 of the Organic Senatus Consultum of the constitution of the 16th Thermidor, year 10; after having heard, upon the motives of the said project, the Orator of Government, the adoption having been determined by the number of votes required by the article 56 of the Organic Senatus Consultum of the Constitution, decrees as follows:
The Conservative Senate, having formed a quorum agreeably to the 90th article of the Constitution; having seen the project of the Senatus Consultum digested in the form prescribed by article 57 of the Organic Senatus Consultum of the constitution of the 16th Thermidor, year 10; after having heard, upon the motives of the said project, the Orator of Government, the adoption having been determined by the number of votes required by the article 56 of the Organic Senatus Consultum of the Constitution, decrees as follows:
TITLE FIRST.
TITLE FIRST.
ART. 1. The government of the republic shall be entrusted to an Emperor, who assumes the title of Emperor of the French. Justice shall be administered in the name of the Emperor, by officers whom he appoints.
ART. 1. The government of the republic shall be entrusted to an Emperor, who assumes the title of Emperor of the French. Justice shall be administered in the name of the Emperor, by officers whom he appoints.
2. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, now the First Consul of the Republic, is Emperor of the French.
2. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, now the First Consul of the Republic, is Emperor of the French.
TITLE II.—Of Heritage.
TITLE II.—Of Heritage.
3. The Imperial dignity is hereditary, in the direct, natural, and legitimate descent of Napoleon Bonaparte, from male to male, by order of primogeniture, and to the perpetual exclusion of females and their descent.
3. The Imperial dignity is hereditary, in the direct, natural, and legitimate descent of Napoleon Bonaparte, from male to male, by order of primogeniture, and to the perpetual exclusion of females and their descent.
4. Napoleon Bonaparte may adopt the children or grand children of his brothers, provided they have attained to the age of eighteen years complete, and that he himself has no male heirs at the time of adoption. His adopted sons enter into the line of his direct descent. If he has any male children posterior to adoption, his adopted sons can succeed only after the natural and legitimate descendants. Adoption is interdicted to the successors of Napoleon Bonaparte and to their descendants.
4. Napoleon Bonaparte may adopt the children or grand children of his brothers, provided they have attained to the age of eighteen years complete, and that he himself has no male heirs at the time of adoption. His adopted sons enter into the line of his direct descent. If he has any male children posterior to adoption, his adopted sons can succeed only after the natural and legitimate descendants. Adoption is interdicted to the successors of Napoleon Bonaparte and to their descendants.
5. In default of a natural or legitimate heir or adopted heir of Napoleon Bonaparte, the imperial dignity shall devolve to and be conferred on Joseph Bonaparte and his natural and legitimate descendants in order of primogeniture, to the perpetual exclusion of females and their descendants.
5. In default of a natural or legitimate heir or adopted heir of Napoleon Bonaparte, the imperial dignity shall devolve to and be conferred on Joseph Bonaparte and his natural and legitimate descendants in order of primogeniture, to the perpetual exclusion of females and their descendants.
6. In default of Joseph Bonaparte and his male descendants, the imperial dignity shall devolve to and be conferred on Louis Bonaparte and his natural and legitimate descendants in the order of primogeniture, from male to male, and to the perpetual exclusion of females and their descendants.
6. In default of Joseph Bonaparte and his male descendants, the imperial dignity shall devolve to and be conferred on Louis Bonaparte and his natural and legitimate descendants in the order of primogeniture, from male to male, and to the perpetual exclusion of females and their descendants.
7. In default of a natural and legitimate heir or adopted heir of Napoleon Bonaparte, and in default of a natural or legitimate heir of Joseph Bonaparte and his male descendants, and of Louis Bonaparte and his male descendants, an Organic Senatus Consultum, proposed to the Senate by the titulars of the high dignities of the Empire, and submitted to the acceptance of the people, shall nominate the Emperor, and regulate in his family the order of hereditary, from male to male, to the perpetual exclusion of females and their descendants.
7. In default of a natural and legitimate heir or adopted heir of Napoleon Bonaparte, and in default of a natural or legitimate heir of Joseph Bonaparte and his male descendants, and of Louis Bonaparte and his male descendants, an Organic Senatus Consultum, proposed to the Senate by the titulars of the high dignities of the Empire, and submitted to the acceptance of the people, shall nominate the Emperor, and regulate in his family the order of hereditary, from male to male, to the perpetual exclusion of females and their descendants.
8. Until the moment of the election of the new Emperor, the affairs of the state shall be governed by the ministers, who shall form in council the government, and who shall deliberate by a majority of voices. The secretary of state shall keep a journal of the deliberations.
8. Until the moment of the election of the new Emperor, the affairs of the state shall be governed by the ministers, who shall form in council the government, and who shall deliberate by a majority of voices. The secretary of state shall keep a journal of the deliberations.
TITLE III.—Of the Imperial Family.
TITLE III.—Of the Imperial Family.
9. The members of the Imperial family, in the order of succession, assume the title of French princes . The eldest son of the Emperor takes that of Imperial prince .
9. The members of the Imperial family, in the order of succession, assume the title of French princes . The eldest son of the Emperor takes that of Imperial prince .
10. A Senatus Consultum regulates the mode for the education of the French princes.
10. A Senatus Consultum regulates the mode for the education of the French princes.
11. They are members of the Senate of the Council of State when they attain their eighteenth year.
11. They are members of the Senate of the Council of State when they attain their eighteenth year.
12. They cannot Marry without the authorization of the Emperor. The marriage of a French Prince, made without the authorization of the emperor, carries with it privation of all rights to the inheritance, as well for him who has contracted it, as for his descendants. However if there exist no issue from that marriage, and it should be dissolved, the prince who had contracted it recovers his rights to the inheritance.
12. They cannot Marry without the authorization of the Emperor. The marriage of a French Prince, made without the authorization of the emperor, carries with it privation of all rights to the inheritance, as well for him who has contracted it, as for his descendants. However if there exist no issue from that marriage, and it should be dissolved, the prince who had contracted it recovers his rights to the inheritance.
13. The acts which testify the birth, marriages, and deaths of the imperial family, are transmitted, by an order of the Emperor, to the Senate, who order the transcription of it upon their registers and the deposit in the archives.
13. The acts which testify the birth, marriages, and deaths of the imperial family, are transmitted, by an order of the Emperor, to the Senate, who order the transcription of it upon their registers and the deposit in the archives.
14. Napoleon Bonaparte establishes by statutes to which his successors are bound to conform themselves, 1st, the duties of the individuals of either sex, members of the imperial family towards the Emperor; 2d. An organization of the imperial palace suitable to the dignity of the throne and the greatness of the nation.
14. Napoleon Bonaparte establishes by statutes to which his successors are bound to conform themselves, 1st, the duties of the individuals of either sex, members of the imperial family towards the Emperor; 2d. An organization of the imperial palace suitable to the dignity of the throne and the greatness of the nation.
15. The civil list remains regulated as it has been by the articles 1 and 4 of the decree of the 26 May 1791. The French princes, Joseph and Louis Bonaparte, and in future the young
15. The civil list remains regulated as it has been by the articles 1 and 4 of the decree of the 26 May 1791. The French princes, Joseph and Louis Bonaparte, and in future the young
sons, natural and estimate of the Emperor, shall be treated conformably to the articles 1, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the decree of the 21 Dec. 1790. The Emperor may fix the dowry of the empress, and have it entered on the civil list; his successors cannot make any alterations in the arrangements which he shall have made in that respect.
sons, natural and estimate of the Emperor, shall be treated conformably to the articles 1, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the decree of the 21 Dec. 1790. The Emperor may fix the dowry of the empress, and have it entered on the civil list; his successors cannot make any alterations in the arrangements which he shall have made in that respect.
16. The Emperor visits the departments; in consequence, imperial palaces shall be established at the four principal points of the empire. These palaces are described, and their dependencies determined by a law.
16. The Emperor visits the departments; in consequence, imperial palaces shall be established at the four principal points of the empire. These palaces are described, and their dependencies determined by a law.
TITLE IV.—Of the Regency.
TITLE IV.—Of the Regency.
17. The Emperor is a minor until the full age of eighteen; during his minority there shall be a regent of the empire.
17. The Emperor is a minor until the full age of eighteen; during his minority there shall be a regent of the empire.
18. The regent must at least be full twenty five years of age. Women are excluded from the regency.
18. The regent must at least be full twenty five years of age. Women are excluded from the regency.
19. The Emperor elects the regent from among the French princes having attained the age required by the preceding article; and, in their stead, from among the titulars of the high dignities of the empire.
19. The Emperor elects the regent from among the French princes having attained the age required by the preceding article; and, in their stead, from among the titulars of the high dignities of the empire.
20. In default of a nomination on the part of the Emperor, the regency is devolved to the prince the nearest in degree according to the hereditary order, being full twenty five years of age.
20. In default of a nomination on the part of the Emperor, the regency is devolved to the prince the nearest in degree according to the hereditary order, being full twenty five years of age.
21. If, the Emperor having not appointed the regent, none of the French princes are twenty five years of age, the Senate shall elect the regent from among the titulars of the high dignities of the empire.
21. If, the Emperor having not appointed the regent, none of the French princes are twenty five years of age, the Senate shall elect the regent from among the titulars of the high dignities of the empire.
22. If, by reason of the minority of the prince called to the regency in the hereditary order, it has been devolved to a more distant relation or to one of the titulars of the empire, the regent who has entered into its functions continues therein until the majority of the Emperor.
22. If, by reason of the minority of the prince called to the regency in the hereditary order, it has been devolved to a more distant relation or to one of the titulars of the empire, the regent who has entered into its functions continues therein until the majority of the Emperor.
23. No Organic Senatus Consultum can be issued during the regency nor before the end of the third year immediately following the majority.
23. No Organic Senatus Consultum can be issued during the regency nor before the end of the third year immediately following the majority.
24. The regent exercises until the majority of the Emperor all the attributes of the imperial dignity. He cannot, however, nominate to the grand dignities of the empire, nor to the places of high offices which may be found vacant at the epoch of the regency, or that may become vacant during the minority, nor to use the prerogative reserved to the Emperor of elevating citizens to the rank of Senator. He cannot dismiss either the grand judge or the secretary of state.
24. The regent exercises until the majority of the Emperor all the attributes of the imperial dignity. He cannot, however, nominate to the grand dignities of the empire, nor to the places of high offices which may be found vacant at the epoch of the regency, or that may become vacant during the minority, nor to use the prerogative reserved to the Emperor of elevating citizens to the rank of Senator. He cannot dismiss either the grand judge or the secretary of state.
25. He is not personally responsible for the acts of his administration.
25. He is not personally responsible for the acts of his administration.
26. All the acts of the regency are in the name of the minor Emperor.
26. All the acts of the regency are in the name of the minor Emperor.
27. The regent proposes no project of law or of Senatus Consultum, and adopts no regulations of public administration until after having taken the advice of the council of regency, composed of the titulars of the high dignities of the empire. He cannot make war nor sign treaties of peace, alliance or commerce till after having been deliberated in the council of regency, whose members must be at least five, and have a deliberative voice. The deliberation takes place by a majority of voices; and if there is an equal division, it is determined by the vote of the regent. The minister of exterior relations takes his seat at the council of regency, when the Council deliberates upon subjects relative to his department. The grand judge minister of justice, may be called therein by order of the regent. The secretary of state keeps the register of the deliberations.
27. The regent proposes no project of law or of Senatus Consultum, and adopts no regulations of public administration until after having taken the advice of the council of regency, composed of the titulars of the high dignities of the empire. He cannot make war nor sign treaties of peace, alliance or commerce till after having been deliberated in the council of regency, whose members must be at least five, and have a deliberative voice. The deliberation takes place by a majority of voices; and if there is an equal division, it is determined by the vote of the regent. The minister of exterior relations takes his seat at the council of regency, when the Council deliberates upon subjects relative to his department. The grand judge minister of justice, may be called therein by order of the regent. The secretary of state keeps the register of the deliberations.
28. The regency confers no right on the person of the minor Emperor.
28. The regency confers no right on the person of the minor Emperor.
29. The salary of the regent is fixed at one fourth part of the civil list.
29. The salary of the regent is fixed at one fourth part of the civil list.
30. The guardianship of the minor Emperor is entrusted to his mother, and in default to the prince appointed for that purpose by the predecessor of the minor Emperor. In default of the mother of the minor emperor, or of a prince named by the Emperor, the senate entrusts the guardianship of the minor emperor to one of the titulars of the high dignities of the Empire. The guardianship of the minor emperor shall not be entrusted to the Regent and his descendants, nor to women.
30. The guardianship of the minor Emperor is entrusted to his mother, and in default to the prince appointed for that purpose by the predecessor of the minor Emperor. In default of the mother of the minor emperor, or of a prince named by the Emperor, the senate entrusts the guardianship of the minor emperor to one of the titulars of the high dignities of the Empire. The guardianship of the minor emperor shall not be entrusted to the Regent and his descendants, nor to women.
31. In case that Napoleon Bonaparte shall make use of the prerogative conferred on him by the Art. 4, title 11, the act of adoption shall be made in presence of the titulars of the high dignities of the Empire, received by the Secretary of State, and immediately transmitted to the Senate to be transcribed upon its registers and deposited among the records. When the Emperor designates, either a regent for the minority, or a prince for the guardianship of a minor emperor, the same formalities are observed. The acts of designation, either for a regent for the minority, or a prince for the guardianship of a minor emperor, can be revoked by the Emperor or at pleasure. All acts of adoption, designation, or revocation of designation that shall not have been transcribed in the registers of the Senate before the decease of the Emperor, shall be null and of no effect.
31. In case that Napoleon Bonaparte shall make use of the prerogative conferred on him by the Art. 4, title 11, the act of adoption shall be made in presence of the titulars of the high dignities of the Empire, received by the Secretary of State, and immediately transmitted to the Senate to be transcribed upon its registers and deposited among the records. When the Emperor designates, either a regent for the minority, or a prince for the guardianship of a minor emperor, the same formalities are observed. The acts of designation, either for a regent for the minority, or a prince for the guardianship of a minor emperor, can be revoked by the Emperor or at pleasure. All acts of adoption, designation, or revocation of designation that shall not have been transcribed in the registers of the Senate before the decease of the Emperor, shall be null and of no effect.
TITLE V.—Of the high dignities of the Empire.
TITLE V.—Of the high dignities of the Empire.
32. The titulars of the high dignities of the Empire are those of Grand elector, Arch Chancellor of the Empire, Arch Chancellor of State, Arch Treasurer, High Constable, and High Admiral.
32. The titulars of the high dignities of the Empire are those of Grand elector, Arch Chancellor of the Empire, Arch Chancellor of State, Arch Treasurer, High Constable, and High Admiral.
33. The titulars of the high dignities of the Empire are appointed by the Emperor. They partake of the same honors with the French Princes, and take rank immediately after them. The epoch of their reception determines the rank they occupy respectively.
33. The titulars of the high dignities of the Empire are appointed by the Emperor. They partake of the same honors with the French Princes, and take rank immediately after them. The epoch of their reception determines the rank they occupy respectively.
34. The high dignities of the Empire are permanent.
34. The high dignities of the Empire are permanent.
35. The titulars of the high dignities of the Empire, are Senators and Councillors of State.
35. The titulars of the high dignities of the Empire, are Senators and Councillors of State.
36. They form the grand Council of the Emperor: they are members of the Privy Council; they compose the Grand Council of the Legion of Honour. The present members of the Grand Council of the Legion of Honour, preserve, during life, their titles, functions, and prerogatives.
36. They form the grand Council of the Emperor: they are members of the Privy Council; they compose the Grand Council of the Legion of Honour. The present members of the Grand Council of the Legion of Honour, preserve, during life, their titles, functions, and prerogatives.
37. The Emperor presides in the Senate and the Council of State. When the Emperor does not preside in the Senate or the State Council, he appoints one of the titulars of the high dignities of the Empire who is to preside.
37. The Emperor presides in the Senate and the Council of State. When the Emperor does not preside in the Senate or the State Council, he appoints one of the titulars of the high dignities of the Empire who is to preside.
38. All the acts of the Senate and of the Legislative body are issued in the name of the Emperor, and promulgated or published under the Imperial Seal.
38. All the acts of the Senate and of the Legislative body are issued in the name of the Emperor, and promulgated or published under the Imperial Seal.
39. The Grand Elector performs the functions of Chancellor: 1st, in convoking the Legislative Body, the Electoral Colleges and the district Assemblies; 2d, in promulgating the Senatus Consultum for dissolving either the Leg-
39. The Grand Elector performs the functions of Chancellor: 1st, in convoking the Legislative Body, the Electoral Colleges and the district Assemblies; 2d, in promulgating the Senatus Consultum for dissolving either the Leg-
islative Body or the Electoral Colleges. The Grand Elector presides in the absence of the Emperor when the Senate proceeds in the nomination of Senators, Legislators, or Tribunes. He may reside in the palace of the Senate. He lays before the Emperor the remonstrances made by the Electoral Colleges, or by the district Assemblies for the preservation of their privileges. When a member of an Electoral College is denounced conformably to the Art. 21st of the Organic Senatus Consultum of the 16th Thermidor, year 10, as having committed any act contrary to honour or the good of the country, the grand elector invites the College to manifest its will. He reports the will of the College to the Emperor. The grand elector presents the members of the Senate, of the Council of State, of the Legislative Body, and of the Tribunal to take the oath at the hands of the Emperor. He administers the oath to the Presidents of the Electoral Colleges, of departments of district Assemblies. He presents the solemn deputations of the Senate, the Council of State, the Legislative Body, the tribunal, and the Electoral Colleges, when admitted to an audience of the Emperor.
islative Body or the Electoral Colleges. The Grand Elector presides in the absence of the Emperor when the Senate proceeds in the nomination of Senators, Legislators, or Tribunes. He may reside in the palace of the Senate. He lays before the Emperor the remonstrances made by the Electoral Colleges, or by the district Assemblies for the preservation of their privileges. When a member of an Electoral College is denounced conformably to the Art. 21st of the Organic Senatus Consultum of the 16th Thermidor, year 10, as having committed any act contrary to honour or the good of the country, the grand elector invites the College to manifest its will. He reports the will of the College to the Emperor. The grand elector presents the members of the Senate, of the Council of State, of the Legislative Body, and of the Tribunal to take the oath at the hands of the Emperor. He administers the oath to the Presidents of the Electoral Colleges, of departments of district Assemblies. He presents the solemn deputations of the Senate, the Council of State, the Legislative Body, the tribunal, and the Electoral Colleges, when admitted to an audience of the Emperor.
40. The Arch-Chancellor of the empire exercises the functions of chancellor in promulgating the Organic Senatus Consultum and the laws. He likewise exercises those of chancellor of the imperial palace. He is present at the annual report in which the grand judge minister of justice gives an account to the Emperor of the abuses that may have found their way in the administration of justice, either civil or criminal. He presides over the high imperial court, and over the united sections of the council of state and of the Tribunal, conformably to the Senatus Consultum. He is present at the celebration of marriages and at the birth of the princes; at the coronation and at the obsequies of the Emperor. He signs the process verbal drawn up by the secretary of state. He presents the titulars of the high dignities of the empire, the ministers, the secretary of state, the grand civil officers of the crown, and the first president of the court of cassation, to the oath which they take at the hands of the Emperor. He receives the oath of the members of the court of cassation; of the presidents and attorneys-general of the courts of appeal, and of criminal courts. He presents the solemn deputations and the members of the courts of justice admitted to the audience of the Emperor. He signs and seals the commissions and brevets of the members of the courts of justice and of the ministerial officers, &c.
40. The Arch-Chancellor of the empire exercises the functions of chancellor in promulgating the Organic Senatus Consultum and the laws. He likewise exercises those of chancellor of the imperial palace. He is present at the annual report in which the grand judge minister of justice gives an account to the Emperor of the abuses that may have found their way in the administration of justice, either civil or criminal. He presides over the high imperial court, and over the united sections of the council of state and of the Tribunal, conformably to the Senatus Consultum. He is present at the celebration of marriages and at the birth of the princes; at the coronation and at the obsequies of the Emperor. He signs the process verbal drawn up by the secretary of state. He presents the titulars of the high dignities of the empire, the ministers, the secretary of state, the grand civil officers of the crown, and the first president of the court of cassation, to the oath which they take at the hands of the Emperor. He receives the oath of the members of the court of cassation; of the presidents and attorneys-general of the courts of appeal, and of criminal courts. He presents the solemn deputations and the members of the courts of justice admitted to the audience of the Emperor. He signs and seals the commissions and brevets of the members of the courts of justice and of the ministerial officers, &c.
41. The Arch-Chancellor of state exercises the functions of Chancellor in promulgating the treaties of peace and of alliance, and declarations of war. He presents to the Emperor and signs the letters of credence and ceremonial correspondence with the different courts of Europe, digested according to the forms of the Imperial protocol, of which he is the keeper. He is present at the annual report, in which the minister of exterior relations gives an account to the Emperor of the political situation of the state. He presents the ambassadors and ministers of foreign powers to the Emperor, and receives the oath of the residents, charges d'affaires, secretaries of embassy and of legation; and of commissary generals and commissaries for commercial relations. He presents the extraordinary ambassadors and the French and foreign ambassadors and ministers.
41. The Arch-Chancellor of state exercises the functions of Chancellor in promulgating the treaties of peace and of alliance, and declarations of war. He presents to the Emperor and signs the letters of credence and ceremonial correspondence with the different courts of Europe, digested according to the forms of the Imperial protocol, of which he is the keeper. He is present at the annual report, in which the minister of exterior relations gives an account to the Emperor of the political situation of the state. He presents the ambassadors and ministers of foreign powers to the Emperor, and receives the oath of the residents, charges d'affaires, secretaries of embassy and of legation; and of commissary generals and commissaries for commercial relations. He presents the extraordinary ambassadors and the French and foreign ambassadors and ministers.
42. The Arch-Treasurer is present at the annual report in which the ministers of the finances and of the treasury furnish to the Emperor the accounts of receipts and expenditures of the state, and communicate their ideas on the exigencies of the finances of the empire. He receives every three months statements of the labours of the national accountability, and every year the general result with views of reform and melioration in the different departments of the accountability, which he lays before the Emperor. He audits and signs every year the ledger of the public debt. He receives the oath of the members of the national accountability, of the administration of finances, and of the principal agents of the public treasury, &c.
42. The Arch-Treasurer is present at the annual report in which the ministers of the finances and of the treasury furnish to the Emperor the accounts of receipts and expenditures of the state, and communicate their ideas on the exigencies of the finances of the empire. He receives every three months statements of the labours of the national accountability, and every year the general result with views of reform and melioration in the different departments of the accountability, which he lays before the Emperor. He audits and signs every year the ledger of the public debt. He receives the oath of the members of the national accountability, of the administration of finances, and of the principal agents of the public treasury, &c.
43. The High Constable is present at the annual report in which the minister of war and the director of the department of war give an account to the Emperor, of the dispositions to be taken to complete the system of the defence of the frontiers; and the keeping in repairs and provisioning of the fortresses. He lays the first stone of fortified places of which the construction is ordered. He is governor of the military schools. When the Emperor in person does not transmit the colours to the corps of the army, they are to be transmitted to them in his name by the high constable. In the absence of the Emperor, the high constable inspects the grand reviews of the imperial guard. When a general of the army is accused of a crime specified in the military code, the high constable may preside over the council of war who is to judge. He presents the marshalls of the empire, the colonels general, general inspectors, general officers, and colonels of all the armies, to the oath which they take at the hands of the Emperor. He receives the oath of the majors, chiefs of battalion and of squadron of all the armies. He installs the Marshalls of the empire, &c.
43. The High Constable is present at the annual report in which the minister of war and the director of the department of war give an account to the Emperor, of the dispositions to be taken to complete the system of the defence of the frontiers; and the keeping in repairs and provisioning of the fortresses. He lays the first stone of fortified places of which the construction is ordered. He is governor of the military schools. When the Emperor in person does not transmit the colours to the corps of the army, they are to be transmitted to them in his name by the high constable. In the absence of the Emperor, the high constable inspects the grand reviews of the imperial guard. When a general of the army is accused of a crime specified in the military code, the high constable may preside over the council of war who is to judge. He presents the marshalls of the empire, the colonels general, general inspectors, general officers, and colonels of all the armies, to the oath which they take at the hands of the Emperor. He receives the oath of the majors, chiefs of battalion and of squadron of all the armies. He installs the Marshalls of the empire, &c.
44. The high Admiral is present at the annual report in which the minister of marine gives an account to the Emperor of the state of the naval constructions, of the arsenals and necessary supplies. He presents the Admirals, Vice-admirals, Rear-admirals, and captains de Vaisseau, to the oath which they take at the hands of the Emperor. He receives the oath of the members of the council of prizes, captains of frigates, &c.
44. The high Admiral is present at the annual report in which the minister of marine gives an account to the Emperor of the state of the naval constructions, of the arsenals and necessary supplies. He presents the Admirals, Vice-admirals, Rear-admirals, and captains de Vaisseau, to the oath which they take at the hands of the Emperor. He receives the oath of the members of the council of prizes, captains of frigates, &c.
45. Each Titular of one of the high dignities of the Empire presides over the electoral colleges of department. The electoral college sitting at Brussels is presided by the grand elector—that at Bourdeaux by the Arch-chancellor of the state—that at Lyons by the Arch-chancellor of the Empire—that at Turin by the High Constable—and that at Marfeilles by the high Admiral.
45. Each Titular of one of the high dignities of the Empire presides over the electoral colleges of department. The electoral college sitting at Brussels is presided by the grand elector—that at Bourdeaux by the Arch-chancellor of the state—that at Lyons by the Arch-chancellor of the Empire—that at Turin by the High Constable—and that at Marfeilles by the high Admiral.
46. Each titular of the high dignities of the Empire, receives annually, as a fixed salary, the third part of the sum allotted to the princes, conformably to the decree of the 2d December 1799.
46. Each titular of the high dignities of the Empire, receives annually, as a fixed salary, the third part of the sum allotted to the princes, conformably to the decree of the 2d December 1799.
47. A statute of the Emperor regulates the functions of the titulars of the high dignities of the Empire near the Emperor, and determines their costume in grand ceremonies. The functions of the Emperor cannot derogate from this statute by a Senatus Consultum.
47. A statute of the Emperor regulates the functions of the titulars of the high dignities of the Empire near the Emperor, and determines their costume in grand ceremonies. The functions of the Emperor cannot derogate from this statute by a Senatus Consultum.
TITLE VI.—Of the Grand Offices of the Empire.
TITLE VI.—Of the Grand Offices of the Empire.
48. The Grand Offices of the Empire are; first, Marshalls of the Empire, chosen from among the most distinguished generals. Their number shall not exceed sixteen. In this number are not included the marshalls Senators. Secondly, eight inspectors and Colonels generals of the Artillery and of the engineers, of the troops of the horse, and of the marine. Thirdly, of the Grand Civil officers of the Crown, such as they shall be instituted by the statutes of the Emperor.
48. The Grand Offices of the Empire are; first, Marshalls of the Empire, chosen from among the most distinguished generals. Their number shall not exceed sixteen. In this number are not included the marshalls Senators. Secondly, eight inspectors and Colonels generals of the Artillery and of the engineers, of the troops of the horse, and of the marine. Thirdly, of the Grand Civil officers of the Crown, such as they shall be instituted by the statutes of the Emperor.
49. The places of the Grand officers are permanent.
49. The places of the Grand officers are permanent.
50. Each of the grand officers of the Empire presides over an electoral college, which is specially attached to him at the time of his nomination.
50. Each of the grand officers of the Empire presides over an electoral college, which is specially attached to him at the time of his nomination.
51. If by an act of the Emperor, or any other cause whatever, the functions of a titular of a high dignity of the Empire or a grand officer, should happen to cease, he preserves his title, rank, prerogatives, and one half of his salary—he only loses them in consequence of a judgment of the high Imperial Court.
51. If by an act of the Emperor, or any other cause whatever, the functions of a titular of a high dignity of the Empire or a grand officer, should happen to cease, he preserves his title, rank, prerogatives, and one half of his salary—he only loses them in consequence of a judgment of the high Imperial Court.
TITLE VII.—Of the Oaths.
TITLE VII.—Of the Oaths.
52. Within two years after his accession, the Emperor accompanied by the titulars of high dignities, ministers and grand officers of the Empire, takes the oath on the Evangelists to the French people, in presence of the Senate, the council of state, the legislative Body, the Tribunal, the court of Cassation, the Arch-Bishops, Bishops, grand officers of the Legion of honor, the presidents of the courts of Appeal, presidents of the electoral Colleges, the presidents of the district Assemblies, the presidents of the Consistories, and the Mayors of the 36 towns that will be pointed out by a Senatus Consultum.
52. Within two years after his accession, the Emperor accompanied by the titulars of high dignities, ministers and grand officers of the Empire, takes the oath on the Evangelists to the French people, in presence of the Senate, the council of state, the legislative Body, the Tribunal, the court of Cassation, the Arch-Bishops, Bishops, grand officers of the Legion of honor, the presidents of the courts of Appeal, presidents of the electoral Colleges, the presidents of the district Assemblies, the presidents of the Consistories, and the Mayors of the 36 towns that will be pointed out by a Senatus Consultum.
53. The oath of the Emperor is thus conceived:—"I swear to maintain the integrity of the Territory of the Republic—to respect and cause to be respected the liberty of worship and the laws of the Concordat—to respect and cause to be respected the equality of rights, political and civil liberty, and the irrevocability of the sales of the national domains—to levy no imposts, to lay no tax, but in virtue of the law; to maintain the institution of the Legion of honour—and to govern with a view only to the interest, welfare and glory of the French people."
53. The oath of the Emperor is thus conceived:—"I swear to maintain the integrity of the Territory of the Republic—to respect and cause to be respected the liberty of worship and the laws of the Concordat—to respect and cause to be respected the equality of rights, political and civil liberty, and the irrevocability of the sales of the national domains—to levy no imposts, to lay no tax, but in virtue of the law; to maintain the institution of the Legion of honour—and to govern with a view only to the interest, welfare and glory of the French people."
54. Previous to assuming the exercise of his functions the regent, accompanied by the titulars of the high dignities of the empire, shall take an oath on the evangelists, and in presence of the senate, the council of state, the president and questors of the legislative body, the president and questors of the tribunal, and the high officers of the legion of honour. The secretary of state shall prepare the process verbal of this ceremony.
54. Previous to assuming the exercise of his functions the regent, accompanied by the titulars of the high dignities of the empire, shall take an oath on the evangelists, and in presence of the senate, the council of state, the president and questors of the legislative body, the president and questors of the tribunal, and the high officers of the legion of honour. The secretary of state shall prepare the process verbal of this ceremony.
55. The oath to be taken by the regent shall be thus:—"I swear to administer the affairs of the state conformably to the constitutions of the empire, to the senatus consultum, and to the laws; to maintain all their integrity, the territory of the republic, the rights of the nation, and those of the imperial dignity and to restore, faithfully, to the emperor, on the moment of his majority, that power, of which the exercise is confided to me."
55. The oath to be taken by the regent shall be thus:—"I swear to administer the affairs of the state conformably to the constitutions of the empire, to the senatus consultum, and to the laws; to maintain all their integrity, the territory of the republic, the rights of the nation, and those of the imperial dignity and to restore, faithfully, to the emperor, on the moment of his majority, that power, of which the exercise is confided to me."
56. The titulars of the high dignities of the Empire, the Ministers, the Secretary of State, Grand Officers, Members of the Senate, Council of State, Legislative Body, Tribunal, Electoral Colleges and district Assemblies, take the oath thus: "I swear obedience to the Constitutions of the Empire, and fidelity to the Emperor." The public functionaries civil and judiciary, and the officers and privates of the land and sea army take the same oath.
56. The titulars of the high dignities of the Empire, the Ministers, the Secretary of State, Grand Officers, Members of the Senate, Council of State, Legislative Body, Tribunal, Electoral Colleges and district Assemblies, take the oath thus: "I swear obedience to the Constitutions of the Empire, and fidelity to the Emperor." The public functionaries civil and judiciary, and the officers and privates of the land and sea army take the same oath.
TITLE VIII.—Of the Senate.
TITLE VIII.—Of the Senate.
57. The Senate is composed, 1st, of the French Princes having attained their eighteenth year; 2d of the titular of the high dignities of the Empire; 3d, of the eighty members named on the presentation of candidates chosen by the Emperor upon the lists formed by the electoral colleges of department; 4th, of citizens whom the Emperor thinks proper to elevate to the dignity of Senator.
57. The Senate is composed, 1st, of the French Princes having attained their eighteenth year; 2d of the titular of the high dignities of the Empire; 3d, of the eighty members named on the presentation of candidates chosen by the Emperor upon the lists formed by the electoral colleges of department; 4th, of citizens whom the Emperor thinks proper to elevate to the dignity of Senator.
58. The President of the Senate is named by the Emperor, and chosen from among the Senators. He remains in office for one year.
58. The President of the Senate is named by the Emperor, and chosen from among the Senators. He remains in office for one year.
59. He shall convoke the senate on an order issued by the emperor, at his own pleasure, and upon the demand of either of the Committees hereafter named, in article 60 and 64, of a Senator, conformably to the dispositions in article 70, or of an officer of the senate on affairs relating to the interior of the body. He shall make known to the emperor the convocations held at the instance of a senator or of the committees, their object, and the result of their deliberations.
59. He shall convoke the senate on an order issued by the emperor, at his own pleasure, and upon the demand of either of the Committees hereafter named, in article 60 and 64, of a Senator, conformably to the dispositions in article 70, or of an officer of the senate on affairs relating to the interior of the body. He shall make known to the emperor the convocations held at the instance of a senator or of the committees, their object, and the result of their deliberations.
60. A Committee of seven, named by the Senate, and chosen from its members, shall have cognizance of the communications made to it by the ministers; of the arrests in consequence of the 64 article of the Constitution, when the persons arrested have not been examined before the tribunals in ten days after their arrestation. This committee shall be called, The Senatorial Committee of personal liberty .
60. A Committee of seven, named by the Senate, and chosen from its members, shall have cognizance of the communications made to it by the ministers; of the arrests in consequence of the 64 article of the Constitution, when the persons arrested have not been examined before the tribunals in ten days after their arrestation. This committee shall be called, The Senatorial Committee of personal liberty .
61. All persons arrested, and not brought to judgment in ten days after their arrest, may have recourse, directly, by themselves, their relatives, or their representatives, and in form of petition, to the Senatorial Committee of personal liberty.
61. All persons arrested, and not brought to judgment in ten days after their arrest, may have recourse, directly, by themselves, their relatives, or their representatives, and in form of petition, to the Senatorial Committee of personal liberty.
62. When the committee are of opinion that the detention prolonged beyond the tenth day of arrest, is not justified by the interest of the state, it shall invite the minister by whose order the arrest was made, either to restore the person detained to liberty, or to conduct him for trial before one of the ordinary tribunals.
62. When the committee are of opinion that the detention prolonged beyond the tenth day of arrest, is not justified by the interest of the state, it shall invite the minister by whose order the arrest was made, either to restore the person detained to liberty, or to conduct him for trial before one of the ordinary tribunals.
63. If, after three successive invitations renewed within one month, the person arrested shall neither be restored to liberty nor brought to trial, the committee shall demand an assembly of the Senate, which shall be convoked by the president, who shall lay before it the following declaration:—"There are strong presumptions that N. is arbitrarily imprisoned in article 112, title XIII."
63. If, after three successive invitations renewed within one month, the person arrested shall neither be restored to liberty nor brought to trial, the committee shall demand an assembly of the Senate, which shall be convoked by the president, who shall lay before it the following declaration:—"There are strong presumptions that N. is arbitrarily imprisoned in article 112, title XIII."
64. A committee of seven members, named by the senate and chosen from its body, shall be charged to watch over the liberty of the press. Works printed and distributed, by subscription, and periodically, do not fall under its notice. This committee shall be denominated, The Senatorial Committee of the Liberty of the Press .
64. A committee of seven members, named by the senate and chosen from its body, shall be charged to watch over the liberty of the press. Works printed and distributed, by subscription, and periodically, do not fall under its notice. This committee shall be denominated, The Senatorial Committee of the Liberty of the Press .
65. Authors, printers, and book sellers, who may conceive that they have cause to complain of obstacles created to oppose the printing or circulation of their works, have immediate recourse, by petition, to the Senatorial Committee of the Liberty of the Press.
65. Authors, printers, and book sellers, who may conceive that they have cause to complain of obstacles created to oppose the printing or circulation of their works, have immediate recourse, by petition, to the Senatorial Committee of the Liberty of the Press.
66. When the committee is of opinion that these impediments are not justified by the interest of the state, it shall call upon the minister who created, to remove, them.
66. When the committee is of opinion that these impediments are not justified by the interest of the state, it shall call upon the minister who created, to remove, them.
67. If after three successive calls renewed with-
67. If after three successive calls renewed with-

in the space of one month, the impediments shall be removed, the committee shall demand an assembly of the Senate, before which, convoked by the President, the following declaration shall be made. "There are strong presumptions that the liberty of the press has been violated." The Senate shall then proceed as prescribed in article 115, TITLE XII.
68. One member of each of the Senatorial Committees shall cease to exercise its duties every four months.
69. The projects of laws decreed by the Legislative body, shall be transmitted, the same day of their adoption, to the Senate and deposited in its archives.
70. Each decree sent from the legislative body may be denounced before the Senate, by a senator. 1. As tending to the re-establishment of the feudal system... 2. As contrary to the irreversibility of the sales of national domain... 3. As not having been deliberated in the form prescribed by the constitutions of the empire, the regulations and the laws, in such cases... 4. As injurious to the imperial prerogatives, or to those of the Senate: the execution of the 21st and 27th articles of the act of the constitutions of the empire, passed 22d Frimaire, year 8, notwithstanding.
71. The Senate, within six days after the adoption of a project of law, having deliberated on the report of a special committee, and after having heard three readings of the decree, at three sittings held on different days, may declare its opinion that it is not necessary to promulgate this law. The president shall make known to the Emperor the determination and motives of the Senate.
72. The emperor with the advice of the council of state, may announce by a decree, his adherence to the determination of the Senate, or cause the law to be proclaimed.
73. Every law, in such case, which has not been promulgated before the expiration of ten days, cannot then be proclaimed, unless it has been again debated and adopted by the legislative body.
74. The entire operations of an electoral college, the partial operations relative to the presentation of candidates to the Senate, to the legislative body, and the tribunal, cannot be annulled on account of unconstitutionality, but by a Senatus Consultum.
75. When the Council of State deliberates upon projects of laws, or upon regulations of public administration, two thirds of the members of the council in ordinary service must be present. The number of Counsellors of State present, cannot be less than twenty-five.
76. The Council of State divides itself into six sections, viz. section of legislation, of the interior, of the finances, of war, of the marine and of commerce.
77. When a member of the Council of State has been during five years on the list of the members of the Council in ordinary service, he receives a brief of Counsellor of State for life.
78. The members of the Legislative Body whose time of service is expired, may be re-elected without interval.
79. Projects of law presented to the Legislative Body, are returned to the three sections of the Tribunal.
80. The sittings of the Legislative Body are distinguished by ordinary sittings and by general committees. In an ordinary sitting the Legislative Body hears the orators of the Council of State, and those of the three sections of the Tribunal, and votes upon the project of law. In a general committee they discuss among themselves with closed doors the advantages & inconveniences of the project of law. No deliberations can be taken in a general committee.
81. The ordinary sittings shall be composed of the members of legislative body, of the orators of the council of state, and of the orators of the three sections of the tribunal. The general committees shall be composed solely of the members of the legislative body. The president of the legislative body shall preside at the ordinary sittings, and in the general committees.
82. In ordinary sittings the legislative body shall hear the orators of the council of state, and those of the three sections of the tribunal; and vote on projects of laws. In general committees the members of the legislative body shall discuss, among themselves, the advantages and inconveniences of the projects of laws.
83. The legislative body shall form itself into general committees—1. when called to do so by the president on affairs relating to the interior of the body—2. when required to do so, by motion addressed to the president, and signed by fifty members; in these two cases the committee is secret, and its discussions should neither be printed nor divulged—3. when required by the orators of the council of state, especially authorized to that effect: and in this case the committee is necessarily public. No decision can be had in either of the general committees.
84. When the general committee deliberates in secret, the decision shall be postponed until the next day, in ordinary session.
85. The day when it is to vote upon any project of law, the legislative body shall hear, at the same sitting, what the orators of the council of state may have further to say on the subject.
86. The determination on a project of law cannot, in any case, be deferred beyond three days after that fixed for closing the discussions.
87. The sections of the tribunal shall constitute the only committees of the legislative body which cannot form any others, except in the case provided for by art. 113. TITLE XIII.
88. The functions of the members of the Tribunal continue 10 years.
89. Half of the Tribunal is removed every five years: the first will take place for the session of the year 17.
90. The president of the tribunal is appointed by the Emperor from three candidates named by the Tribunal.
91. The functions of the President continue two years.
92. The tribunal shall have two quors. They shall be chosen by the emperor from a triple list of candidates, nominated to him by the Senate, at a secret meeting, and by an absolute majority. Their functions are the same as those attributed to the quors of the legislative body, by articles 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25, of the organic Senatus Consultum, 24th Frimaire, year 10.—(Dec. 14, 1801.)—one of the quors shall be removed each year.
93. The tribunal is divided into three sections—to wit: 1. the section of legislation—2. the section of the interior; 3. the section of the finance.
94. Each section shall present a list of three of its members, from which the president of the tribunal, shall choose the president of the section; who shall continue in office one year.
95. When the respective sections of the council of state and of the tribunal, shall demand to be united, their conferences shall take place under the presidency of the Arch-chancellor of the empire, or of the Arch-treasurer, according to the nature of the subjects to be examined.
96. Each section shall discuss separately, and in assembly of section, all projects of laws transmitted to it by the legislative body. Two orators of each, shall declare the voice of their section to the legislative body, and unfold its motives.
tion to the legislative body, and unfold its motives.
97. In no case can the projects of laws be discussed in the general assembly of the tribunal. It shall form itself into a general assembly, under the order of its president, for the exercise of its other functions.
TITLE XII.—Of the Electoral Colleges.
98.—99. The Grand Officers, Commanders, and Officers of the Legion of Honour, are members of the Electoral College of the department in which they reside, or one of the departments of the cohort to which they belong. The Legionaries are members of the electoral college of their district. The members of the Legion of Honour are admitted at the electoral college of which they are to make a part, on the presentation of a brief delivered to them to that effect by the grand elector.
100. Prefects and military Commandants of departments cannot be elected candidates for the Senate by the electoral colleges of the departments in which they exercise their functions.
TITLE XIII.—Of the High Imperial Court.
101. A high imperial court takes cognizance, 1st. of personal offences or crimes committed by the imperial family, by the titulators of high dignities of the Empire, by the ministers, the secretary of state, the grand officers, the senators, and the counsellors of state—2d. of crimes, attempts or conspiracies against the interior and exterior safety of the state, the person of the Emperor, or that of the presumptive heir of the Empire, &c.
102. The sitting of the high imperial court is in the Senate.
103. It is presided over by the Arch-Chancellor of the Empire.
104. The high imperial court is composed of the princes, the titulators of the high dignities and grand officers of the Empire, of the grand judge minister of justice, of sixty senators, of the six presidents of the Council of State, of fourteen counsellors of state, and of twenty-four members of the court of cassation.
105. There will be attached to the high imperial court, an Attorney-General, appointed for life by the Emperor.
106. There shall be attached to the high imperial court, a chief clerk, appointed for life by the Emperor.
107. The president of the high imperial court is not liable to be objected against.
108. The high imperial court can act only on the prosecution of the public ministry. In offences committed by those who are, by their rank, placed under the jurisdiction of the imperial court, though there be a plaintiff, the public ministry becomes necessarily the accuser, and must proceed as hereafter directed. The public ministry becomes equally the prosecutor in cases of trespass.
109. The justice of the peace, and the directors of juries, are commanded to forbear further proceedings, and to transmit, after the eighth day of delay, to the solicitor-general, attached to the high imperial court; all the records of the case, when they shall find, whether from the quality of the parties, the title of the accusation, or from the peculiar circumstances, that the offence which they are called upon to punish, is cognizable by the high imperial court. Nevertheless the magistrates shall continue to collect proofs to establish the crime.
110. The ministers or counsellors of state, entrusted with any part of the public administration, may be impeached by the legislative body, if they have in any case acted contrary to the constitution and laws of the empire.
111. Captains-general of colonies, colonial prefects, commandants of French establishments distant from the continent; administrators-general, when they shall have abused the powers vested in them; generals of land or sea, who shall have disobeyed their instructions; and prefects of the interior, who shall have been guilty of extortion or dilapidation; may likewise, be denounced by the legislative body.
112. The legislative body may, in like manner, denounce the ministers, or agents of authority, when they have received, on the part of the Senate, a declaration of strong presumption of a violation of the liberty of the press.
113. Impeachments by the legislative body cannot be interrupted, but on the demand of the tribunal, or the reclamation of fifty members of the legislative body, who shall require a secret committee to be appointed, to designate by ballot, ten of their members, who shall investigate the purpose of the impeachment.
114. In either case, the demand or reclamation must be made in writing, signed by the president and secretaries of the tribunal, or by the ten members of the legislative body. If the impeachment shall be against a minister or counsellor of state, charged with a part of the public administration, it shall be imparted to them within the delay of one month.
115. The minister or counsellor of state denounced, shall not be called upon to reply to the denunciation. The emperor shall name three ministers of state, to appear before the legislative body on the day appointed, and give the necessary explanations on the facts charged in the impeachment.
116. The legislative body shall discuss, in a secret committee, the facts set forth in the demand or reclamation, and shall decide on them by ballot.
117. The act of impeachment must be circumstantial, and signed by the president and secretaries of the legislative body. It shall be addressed to the Arch-Chancellor of the empire; who shall transmit it to the solicitor-general of the high imperial court.
118. Collations or abuse of power by captains-general of colonies, colonial prefects, commandants of establishments distant from the continent, and administrators-general; acts of obedience of orders by generals of land or sea; and dilapidations or extortions by prefects; shall also be denounced by the ministers, each in his particular department, to the officers charged with the public ministry. If the denunciation is made by the grand judge, minister of justice, he can neither assist at the trial, nor take part in the judgment rendered on his own accusation.
119. In the case described by articles 110, 111, 112, and 118, the solicitor general shall inform, within three days, the arch chancellor of the empire, that there is occasion to assemble the high imperial court. The arch chancellor, after having taken the orders of the emperor, shall fix the opening of the session within eight days.
120. In the first sitting of the high imperial court, it is to judge of its own competency.
121. When there shall be a denunciation or complaint, the solicitor general, in concert with the tribunal and the three magistrates of the bar of the courts of judicature, shall examine and decide whether it furnishes grounds for a prosecution. One of the magistrates of the bar may be ordered by the solicitor-general to conduct the prosecution. If the public ministry is of opinion that the complaint or denunciation ought not to be received, it shall align the conclusions upon which the high imperial court shall decide, after having heard the magistrates charged with the report.
122. When these conclusions are adopted, the high imperial court shall terminate the affair by a definitive judgment. When they are rejected, the public ministry is directed to continue the prosecution.
123. In the second case provided for by the preceding article, and also when the public ministry is of opinion that the denunciation or complaint ought to be heard, it shall prepare the act of accusation within eight days, and deliver it to the commissary, or attorney, whom the arch-chancellor of the empire shall appoint from among the judges or the court of cassation, being members of the high imperial court. The duties of the commissary, or in his default, the attorney, shall be to frame the instructions and the narrative.
124. The reporter, or his attorney, shall submit the act of accusation to twelve commissaries of the high imperial court, chosen by the arch-chancellor of the empire, six from the senators, and six from the other members of the high imperial court.
125. If the twelve commissaries judge that there is ground of accusation, the reporting commissary shall make a decree in conformity, issue the mandamus for arrest, and proceed to prepare the brief.
126. If, on the contrary, the commissaries are of opinion that there exists no ground of accusation, they
shall refer it, by the reporter to the high imperial court which shall pronounce definitively.
127. The high imperial court cannot give judgment unless fifty members shall be present. Ten of the whole number of members who may compose it, may be challenged by the accused, and ten by the public accuser. The sentence shall be pronounced by an absolute majority of voices.
128. The trial and judgment shall be public.
129. The accused shall be allowed counsel; if they do not present any, counsel shall be assigned them by the arch-chancellor of the empire.
130. The high imperial court cannot inflict any punishment not provided for by the penal code.
131. When it gives judgment of acquittal, it may place the acquitted under the superintendence, or at the disposition, of the high police of the state, for such time as it shall determine.
132. The judgments pronounced by the high imperial court cannot be reversed. Those which sentence to an infamous or corporal punishment, cannot be executed until they have been signed by the emperor.
133. A particular senatus-consultum shall contain the further disposition relative to the organization and operation of the high imperial court.
TITLE XIV.—Of the Judiciary Orders.
134. The judgments of the courts of justice are titled arrests.
135. The Presidents of the court of cassation, the courts of appeal and of criminal justice are appointed for life by the Emperor, and may be chosen out of the courts over which they are to preside.
136. The Tribunal of cassation takes the denomination of court of cassation; the tribunals of appeal of court of appeal; the criminal tribunals of criminal justice; the President of the court of cassation and the President of the courts of appeal divided into sections, take the title of first President, the Vice President that of President; the commissaries of government, near the court of cassation the courts of appeal and of criminal justice, take the title of Imperial Attorney Generals; and the commissaries near the other tribunals that of Imperial Attorneys.
TITLE XV.—Of the Promulgation.
137. The Emperor causes to be sealed and promulgated, the Organic Senatus Consulta, the Senatus Consulta, the acts of the Senate, and the law. The Organic Senatus Consulta, the Senatus Consulta, and the acts of the Senate are promulgated on the tenth day after their emission at furthest.
138. Two originals are drawn up of each of the acts mentioned in the preceding article. Both are signed by the Emperor, revised by one of the titulators of the high dignities, each according to their rights and attributes, countersigned by the Secretary of state and Minister of justice, and sealed with the great seal of the State.
139. One of these originals is deposited among the records of the seal and the other is transmitted to the archives of the public authority from which the act emanates.
140. 141. The promulgation is thus conceived: "N (the first name of the Emperor) by the grace of God and the constitutions of the Republic, Emperor of the French, to all to whom these presents may come, Greeting: The Senate, after having heard the orators of the council of state, has decreed, and we order as follows: (and if of a law) the legislative body has rendered on the following decree, conformably to the proposition made in the name of the Emperor, and after having heard the orators of the council of state and the sections of the tribunal, the following order and command that these presents sealed with the seals of the state, inserted in the bulletin of the laws, be addressed to the courts, tribunals, and administrative authorities, that they may be inscribed on their registers, to observe them and cause them to be observed; and the grand judge Minister of justice is charged with superintending the publication thereof.
TITLE XVI.—and the last.
142. The following proposition shall be offered for the acceptance of the people in the forms determined by the article of the 9 Floreal, year 10: "The people with the hereditament of the imperial dignity in the direct descent natural, legitimate and adoptive of Napoleon Bonaparte, and in the direct descent natural thus regulated by the Organic Senatus Consultum of the 28 Floreal year 12."
Signed CAMBACERES, Second Consul, President; MORARD DE GALLIES, JOSEPH CORNUDET, Secretaries. Approved and sealed.
The Chancellor of the Senate, LA PLACE. We order and command that these presents, sealed with the seal of the state, inserted in the bulletin of the laws, be addressed to the Courts, Tribunals, and Administrative authorities, that they may be inscribed on their registers, &c. Given at the palace of Saint Cloud, the 28 Floreal, year 12, and of our reign the first.
Signed, NAPOLEON. By the Emperor, The Secretary of State, H. B. Maret. Seen by us, Arch-Chancellor of the Empire, CAMBACERES.
LETTER OF GENERAL MOREAU TO THE FIRST CONSUL.
Temple, 17 Vendome, year 12. A month has nearly elapsed since I am detained as an accomplice of Georges and Pichegru, and perhaps I am defined to appear before the tribunals to exonerate myself from the crime of an attempt against the safety of the state, and the chief of the government.
I was far from thinking that after having passed through the revolution and the war, exempt from the least reproach of incivism and of ambition; and especially when, at the head of the great victorious armies, I might have had the means of gratifying those passions; that it would be at a moment when, living as a simple citizen, accupied with my family, and seeing a very small number of friends, I should be accused of such folly. No doubt but my former connections with general Pichegru have given rise to this accusation.
"Before speaking in my justification, permit me, General, to retrace to the source of that connection—and I doubt not but I can convince you that the intercourse which one may preserve with an ancient chief and an ancient friend, though divided in opinion, and having served different parties, is far from being criminal."
"General Pichegru came to take the command of the Army of the North in the beginning of the year 2. I then had been general of brigade for about six months. I was fulfilling ad interim the functions of divisionary. Satisfied with some success, and of my dispositions at the outset he speedily obtained for me the grade I was momentarily fulfilling."
"On entering upon the campaign, he gave me the command of half the army, and intrusted me with most important operations."
"Two months before the close of the campaign, his health obliged him to absent himself; government charged me, at his recommendation, with finishing the conquest of part of Dutch Brabant, and of Guelders. After the winter campaign, which rendered us masters of the remainder of Holland he passed to the Army of the Rhine, naming me for his successor—and the National Convention intrusted me with the command he had just quitted. One year afterwards I again filled up his place, in the Army of the Rhine, he being called to the Legislative Body; and from that time I ceased having frequent intercourse with him."
"In the short campaign of the year 5, we took the chiefs of the general staff of the enemy's army; a great quantity of papers were brought to me, which general Desaix, who then was wounded, amused himself in perusing. It appeared to us, by this correspondence that general Pichegru had had some connections with the French Princes—This discovery gave us much concern, and to me particularly. We agreed to let it be forgotten. Pichegru, in the Legislative body, could to little injure the public tranquility, that peace was assured. I, however, took some precautions for the safety of the army, in regard of an espionage that might be hurtful to it. These researches and the deciphering, were confided to the hands of different persons."
"The events of the 18th Fructidor were rumoured—the uneasiness was great; in consequence of which,
two officers who had knowledge of this correspondence engaged me to give notice to government, and gave me to understand that it was becoming public, & that at Strasbourg they were preparing to inform the Directory thereof."
"I was a public functionary, and could not preserve a longer silence; but, without addressing myself directly to government, I wrote of it in confidence to the director Barthelemi, one of its members, requesting his opinion, and telling him that these papers, although genuine, were not sufficient judicial proof, as none of them were signed, and nearly the whole written in cyphers."
"My letter arrived in Paris a few moments after citizen Barthelemi's arrest; and the Directory, to whom it was remitted, required me to give the papers I had mentioned."
"Pichegru went to Cayenne, and returned afterwards to Germany and England; I had no connection with him. A short time after the peace with England M. David, uncle of general Souham, who had passed a year with him in the army of the north, wrote me that Pichegru was the only one of the Fructidorists to whom he had returned; and he mentioned that he was surprised to hear that it was upon my opposition alone that you refused his return to France. I replied to M. David, that to far from opposing, I would make it a duty to demand it. He communicated my letter to several persons, and I have the positive assurance that this demand has been made to you."
"Some time afterwards M. David wrote to me that he had enjoyed Pichegru to ask you himself for his return; but that he had answered he would not demand it without the certainty of its being granted. Above all he charged him to thank me for the answer I had made to the imputation of being opposed to his return; that he had never thought me capable of such an act; and that he even knew, that in the affair of the correspondence of Klinglin, I had found myself in a very delicate situation. M. David again wrote me three or four very insignificant letters on the subject. Since his arrestation he wrote to me requesting I would take some steps in his favour. I was very sorry that my distance from government would not permit me to enlighten your justice in that respect, and I doubt not but it would have been easy to remove the prejudices you might have received. I heard no more of Pichegru but very indirectly, and by persons whom the war obliged to return to France. From that period to this, during the first two campaigns in Germany, and since the peace, he has made distant overtures to me to know if it would be possible to draw me into a coalition with the French Princes. I found all this so ridiculous, that I did not even reply to these overtures."
"As to the actual conspiracy, I can equally assure you that I am far from having taken the smallest part in it. I acknowledge to you that I am at a loss to conceive how an handful of scattered men could hope to effect a change in the state, and to replace upon the throne a family which the efforts of all Europe, aided by civil war, could not succeed in accomplishing; and that, above all, I should be so unreasonable, by concurring, to lose the fruits of all my labour, which would have ensured me perpetual reproaches."
"I repeat to you, General, whatever proposition has been made to me I have rejected, and have considered it as the basest of follies; and that when the chances of a defeat upon England have been represented to me as favourable to a change of government I have answered that the Senate was the authority to which all Frenchmen would yield obedience in case of trouble; and that I should be the first to submit to its orders."
"Such overtures made to me, an isolated citizen, not wishing to preserve any kind of relation either with the army or with any of the constituted authorities, could not but meet with my refusal. To become an informer was too repugnant to my character; to always judge with severity becomes odious, and imprecise a seal of reprobation on him who has rendered himself guilty of it towards persons to whom he owed gratitude, and with whom he was in ancient connections of friendship. Duty itself will sometimes yield to the voice of public opinion."
"This general is what I had to say respecting my connections with Pichegru. I will doubtless convince you that very false and dangerous inferences have been drawn from my steps and actions, which, though perhaps imprudent, were far from being criminal; and I doubt not, had you requested an explanation of most of the facts which I would have hastened to give you, they would have prevented the regret of ordering a detention, and to me the humiliation of being in fetters, perhaps obliged to appear before the tribunals to say that I am no conspirator, and to appeal for my justification to a probity of 25 years which has never been impeached, and to the service which I have rendered to my country. I shall not dwell upon these, general; I flatter myself they are not yet effaced from your memory; but I will remind you that if the desire of taking a part in the French Government had been for a single moment the object of my services and of my ambition, the career was open before me in a very advantageous manner some time before your return from Egypt; and surely you have not forgot the disinterestedness I showed in seconding you on the 18th Brumaire."
"Our enemies since that time have kept us asunder. It is with much regret I find I am obliged to speak of myself and what I have done: but in a moment when I am accused of being an accomplice of those who are considered as acting at the instigation of England, I shall perhaps have to defend myself against their insinuations, I have the vanity to believe the most judge of the injuries I can do her from those I have already done."
"If I obtain general, your complete attention, I have no doubt of your justice."
"I shall wait your decision of my fate with the tranquility of innocence, but not without an apprehension of seeing those enemies triumph who are always attracted by celebrity."
I am, with respect,
MOREAU, General."
SPEECH OF MOREAU,
BEFORE THE COURT OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE.
Gentlemen, In presenting myself before you, I ask to be heard for a moment. My confidence in the council I have chosen is entire; I have resigned to them without reserve the care of defending my innocence; it is only in compliance with their desire that I wish to speak before the court, but I feel the need of speaking myself, both to you and the nation.
Unhappy circumstances, produced by chance or prepared by hatred, may obscure some periods of the life of the most upright man. With much address a criminal may remove from him both the suspicions and the proofs of his crimes: a whole life is always the surest testimony against or in favor of the accused. It is then my whole life which I oppose to the accusers who pursue me. It has been sufficiently public to be known. I will recall some epochs of it, and the witnesses that I shall invoke are the French people, and the people whom France has conquered.
At the commencement of that revolution that was to found the liberty of the French people, I was devoted to the study of laws. It changed the destination of my life; I devoted it to arms; I did not place myself among the soldiers of liberty from ambition: I embraced the military life from respect for the laws of the nation; I became a warrior because I was a citizen.
I supported this character under the colors; I have always preferred it. The more I loved liberty, the more I submitted to discipline.
I advanced very rapidly, but always from grade to grade, without overlapping any—always serving my country, never flattering the committees. Arrived at the chief command when victory caused us to advance into the middle of hostile nations, I did not less apply myself to make the character of the French people respected, than to make their armies dreaded. The war under my orders was a scourge only in the fields of battle. Even from the midst of
their ravaged plains, more than once have nations and hostile powers rendered me this testimony. This conduct I believed as proper as our victories, to make conquests to France.
At a time when even contrary maxims appeared to prevail in the committees of government, this conduct did not excite against me either calumny or persecution. No cloud ever arose to tarnish the military glory which I had acquired, till that too famous day, the eighteenth of Fructidor; those who, with too much rapidity extolled that day, reproached me with being too slow to denounce a man, in whom I could see only a brother in arms, even at the moment when the evidence of facts and of proofs convinced me that he was unscrupled by truth, and not by unjust suspicions. The directory, who alone knew the circumstances of my conduct sufficiently to judge of it correctly, and who, every one knows, could not be disposed to judge me with indulgence, boldly declared that they found me irreproachable; they employed me in their service: the post was not brilliant, but it soon became so.
I dare to believe that the nation has not forgotten how much I showed myself worthy of it; it has not forgotten with what facile devotedness I fought in Italy in subordinate stations; it has not forgotten how I was restored to the chief command by the reverses of our armies, and renamed general, in some measure, by our misfortunes; it remembers how I twice recomposed the army of the wrecks of those that had been dispersed; and now, after having twice lent it back in a condition to oppose the Russians and Austrians, I twice resigned the command of it to enter on one of much higher confidence.
I was not at that era of my life, more repugnant than in all the others; I appeared more so. I saw fixed upon me, in a more peculiar manner, the regards and the confidence of those whose province it was to impress new movements, and new directions on the republic. They proposed, it is well known, to place me at the head of a little similar to that of the 18th Brumaire. My ambition, if I had had much of it, could easily conceal itself from all appearances, or even do honor to itself by every sentiment of the love of country.
The proposition was made to me by men celebrated in the revolution by their patriotism, and in our national assemblies by their talents; I refused it; I believed myself made to command armies, and did not wish to command the republic.
This was enough to prove, in my opinion, that if I had an ambition, it was not that of authority, or of power; very soon after, I proved this still further.

lation is already made public. It is stamped with a character of frankness and evidence which bears conviction to every mind. The first deposition of the accused all agree in the principal points, as to the participation of the English government, as to the arrival of the conspirators in France, as to their designs and as to their conferences. It is not for us to discuss facts which are still depending before an impartial tribunal; we consider this great affair only in a political point of view, and as far as it relates to the English government, which is so deeply implicated in it.
lation is already made public. It is stamped with a character of frankness and evidence which bears conviction to every mind. The first deposition of the accused all agree in the principal points, as to the participation of the English government, as to the arrival of the conspirators in France, as to their designs and as to their conferences. It is not for us to discuss facts which are still depending before an impartial tribunal; we consider this great affair only in a political point of view, and as far as it relates to the English government, which is so deeply implicated in it.
June 11. The council of state of the Italian Republic has decreed, that a monument shall be raised to the glory of Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, the founder and restorer of the Italian Republic, and that his accession to that dignity shall be solemnly celebrated on the 16th August, the day of St. Napoleon.
June 11. The council of state of the Italian Republic has decreed, that a monument shall be raised to the glory of Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, the founder and restorer of the Italian Republic, and that his accession to that dignity shall be solemnly celebrated on the 16th August, the day of St. Napoleon.
Most of the bishops have already addressed to the faithful of their diocese a mandate; ordering solemn thanksgiving for the accession of Bonaparte to the dignity of Emperor of the French.
Most of the bishops have already addressed to the faithful of their diocese a mandate; ordering solemn thanksgiving for the accession of Bonaparte to the dignity of Emperor of the French.
Letters from Constantinople, of the 30th April, state that the French minister General Brune was highly satisfied with his last conference of the Reis Effendi, on the subject of the indemnifications he had required in favour of his countrymen on whose property an embargo was laid during last war; in this audience the imperial duties on French merchandise were definitively settled to the satisfaction of both parties. A slight coolness had before subsisted between the French ambassador and the Ottoman minister which has entirely ceased since this conference. It is added that the Russian ambassador had lately paid a visit to General Brune. Some time had elapsed since these ministers had seen each other before.
Letters from Constantinople, of the 30th April, state that the French minister General Brune was highly satisfied with his last conference of the Reis Effendi, on the subject of the indemnifications he had required in favour of his countrymen on whose property an embargo was laid during last war; in this audience the imperial duties on French merchandise were definitively settled to the satisfaction of both parties. A slight coolness had before subsisted between the French ambassador and the Ottoman minister which has entirely ceased since this conference. It is added that the Russian ambassador had lately paid a visit to General Brune. Some time had elapsed since these ministers had seen each other before.
A pamphlet has lately made its appearance in the North of Germany entitled, "Reflections upon the Conspiracy denounced at Paris the 27th Pluviose, year 12, and the subsequent events." It bears visible marks of being the work of some miserable underling of Mr. Drake's.
A pamphlet has lately made its appearance in the North of Germany entitled, "Reflections upon the Conspiracy denounced at Paris the 27th Pluviose, year 12, and the subsequent events." It bears visible marks of being the work of some miserable underling of Mr. Drake's.
By advices from Berne we find that H. E. the Landamman, after announcing to the different Cantons the change which has taken place in France, added that he conceived it to be his duty and the interest of his country to send an extraordinary courier to H. I. M. with the compliment of the Helvetic confederation.
By advices from Berne we find that H. E. the Landamman, after announcing to the different Cantons the change which has taken place in France, added that he conceived it to be his duty and the interest of his country to send an extraordinary courier to H. I. M. with the compliment of the Helvetic confederation.
A Flotilla of 50 sail, 10 of which were Gun Boats, failed from Calais on the 14th inst. for Boulogne where it arrived in safety, in spite of the English attempting to lay obstacles in its way.
A Flotilla of 50 sail, 10 of which were Gun Boats, failed from Calais on the 14th inst. for Boulogne where it arrived in safety, in spite of the English attempting to lay obstacles in its way.
At the end of the Mandate which the Cardinal Archbishop of Paris has just published, ordering public prayers, on account of the accession of the Emperor, we read the following letter which His Imperial Majesty has written to his Eminence.
At the end of the Mandate which the Cardinal Archbishop of Paris has just published, ordering public prayers, on account of the accession of the Emperor, we read the following letter which His Imperial Majesty has written to his Eminence.
"My Cousin, the happiness of the French has ever been the object of my dearest thoughts, and their glory that of all my labours. Called by divine Providence and by the constitution of the republic to the Imperial power, I see in this new order of things, only greater means to secure at home and abroad the national dignity and prosperity. I rely with confidence on the powerful succour of the Most High. He will inspire his ministers with the desire of seconding me with all the means in their power. They will enlighten the people with wise instructions, by preaching to them the love of their duties, obedience to the laws, and the practice of all christian and civil virtues. They will call down the blessings of Heaven upon the nation and the supreme Chief of the State. I write this letter to you to tell you that as soon as you have received it, you shall cause to be sung Vene Creator and the Te Deum in all the churches of your diocese; that you shall invite to the prayers which will be read in your church, the authorities which are accustomed to assist at such ceremonies and that you shall cause to be read during the exhortation in all the churches of your diocese, the organic senatus consultum of the 28th Floreal last. Assuring myself that you will excite by your example the zeal and piety of all the faithful of your diocese. I pray God to keep you, My Cousin, in his holy and worthy service.
"My Cousin, the happiness of the French has ever been the object of my dearest thoughts, and their glory that of all my labours. Called by divine Providence and by the constitution of the republic to the Imperial power, I see in this new order of things, only greater means to secure at home and abroad the national dignity and prosperity. I rely with confidence on the powerful succour of the Most High. He will inspire his ministers with the desire of seconding me with all the means in their power. They will enlighten the people with wise instructions, by preaching to them the love of their duties, obedience to the laws, and the practice of all christian and civil virtues. They will call down the blessings of Heaven upon the nation and the supreme Chief of the State. I write this letter to you to tell you that as soon as you have received it, you shall cause to be sung Vene Creator and the Te Deum in all the churches of your diocese; that you shall invite to the prayers which will be read in your church, the authorities which are accustomed to assist at such ceremonies and that you shall cause to be read during the exhortation in all the churches of your diocese, the organic senatus consultum of the 28th Floreal last. Assuring myself that you will excite by your example the zeal and piety of all the faithful of your diocese. I pray God to keep you, My Cousin, in his holy and worthy service.
Written at St. Cloud, the 1st Prairial year 12. (Signed)
Written at St. Cloud, the 1st Prairial year 12. (Signed)
NAPOLEON.
NAPOLEON.
ORDER FOR THE PROCLAMATION OF THE SENATUS CONSULTUM.
ORDER FOR THE PROCLAMATION OF THE SENATUS CONSULTUM.
In execution of the order of his majesty the Emperor, transmitted by the arch chancellor of the empire, for the proclamation of the senatus consultum of the 28th of Floreal, May 18, the chancellor of the senate has this day decreed the following order of procession.
In execution of the order of his majesty the Emperor, transmitted by the arch chancellor of the empire, for the proclamation of the senatus consultum of the 28th of Floreal, May 18, the chancellor of the senate has this day decreed the following order of procession.
To meet at the palace of the senate, Sunday the 30th Floreal, May 20, at eight in the morning, to go out by the grand entrance of the palace Rue de Tournon.
To meet at the palace of the senate, Sunday the 30th Floreal, May 20, at eight in the morning, to go out by the grand entrance of the palace Rue de Tournon.
The first proclamation before the palace of the senate.
The first proclamation before the palace of the senate.
The procession passes through the streets de Touron, St. Sulpice, Vieux Colombier, place de la Croix Rouge, street de Grenelle as far as street de Bourgogne, street de Bourgogne on the right, and the place of the legislative body.
The procession passes through the streets de Touron, St. Sulpice, Vieux Colombier, place de la Croix Rouge, street de Grenelle as far as street de Bourgogne, street de Bourgogne on the right, and the place of the legislative body.
The procession passes through rue de Bourgogne, as far as the bridge de la Concorde, crosses the place, and street de la Concorde as far as the Boulevard, goes along the Boulevard as far as the new street des Capuchines, and enters into place Vendome.
The procession passes through rue de Bourgogne, as far as the bridge de la Concorde, crosses the place, and street de la Concorde as far as the Boulevard, goes along the Boulevard as far as the new street des Capuchines, and enters into place Vendome.
Third proclamation at la place Vendome.
Third proclamation at la place Vendome.
The procession proceeds from the place Vendome, passes through the street Saint Honore on the left, as far as the place du Tribunal.
The procession proceeds from the place Vendome, passes through the street Saint Honore on the left, as far as the place du Tribunal.
Fourth proclamation before the palace of the Tribunal.
Fourth proclamation before the palace of the Tribunal.
The procession proceeds through the street de Malte, as far as the place de Carrousel.
The procession proceeds through the street de Malte, as far as the place de Carrousel.
Fifth proclamation at the place de Carrousel. The procession issues through the large gates of the Louvre, takes the quays on the left in a straight line as far as the place de l'Hotel de Ville.
Fifth proclamation at the place de Carrousel. The procession issues through the large gates of the Louvre, takes the quays on the left in a straight line as far as the place de l'Hotel de Ville.
Sixth proclamation at the place of the Hotel de Ville.
Sixth proclamation at the place of the Hotel de Ville.
The procession returns by the quay Pelletier, the quay de Gevres, the Pont and Change, the place of the Palais de Justice.
The procession returns by the quay Pelletier, the quay de Gevres, the Pont and Change, the place of the Palais de Justice.
Seventh proclamation before the Palais de Justice.
Seventh proclamation before the Palais de Justice.
The procession passes through street de la Barilliere that of St. Louis on the right, the quay des Orfevres, the Pont-neuf to the left, street de Thionville, that of Saint Germain des Pres, the street de l'Odeon, that of Vaugirard, and returns to the senate.
The procession passes through street de la Barilliere that of St. Louis on the right, the quay des Orfevres, the Pont-neuf to the left, street de Thionville, that of Saint Germain des Pres, the street de l'Odeon, that of Vaugirard, and returns to the senate.
The chancellor of state, (Signed) LAPLACE.
The chancellor of state, (Signed) LAPLACE.
As long as the trial of the conspirators continued, I enjoined you, gentlemen, to leave free all the avenues of the palace of justice, and I recommend to you that the opinion of all the citizens upon trial might be permitted to manifest themselves freely and every where; but now that the court of justice has pronounced its judgment, every thing must return to the usual order, and you must no where permit any assembly of people, particularly at the palace of justice, nor that there shall be hawked, sold or distributed any writing or
As long as the trial of the conspirators continued, I enjoined you, gentlemen, to leave free all the avenues of the palace of justice, and I recommend to you that the opinion of all the citizens upon trial might be permitted to manifest themselves freely and every where; but now that the court of justice has pronounced its judgment, every thing must return to the usual order, and you must no where permit any assembly of people, particularly at the palace of justice, nor that there shall be hawked, sold or distributed any writing or
pamphlet relative to the condemned; you shall arrest every person acting in opposition to this order. I salute you, DUBOIS. (Signed)
pamphlet relative to the condemned; you shall arrest every person acting in opposition to this order. I salute you, DUBOIS. (Signed)
Accounts from Cairo state, that the Porte is extremely discontented at the ascendancy which the English have gained in Egypt, while it is not less alarmed at the pretended projects of France respecting the Morea. The English consul at Cairo, M. de Millet, changed his title, and has taken that of Charge d'Affaires for the Bays. The merchants of Alexandria had become apprehensive lest the English should send a garrison into that place. The property of Elfi Bey is stated to have fallen into the hands of his enemies, and his whole family to have been ruined, in consequence of his alliance with England.
Accounts from Cairo state, that the Porte is extremely discontented at the ascendancy which the English have gained in Egypt, while it is not less alarmed at the pretended projects of France respecting the Morea. The English consul at Cairo, M. de Millet, changed his title, and has taken that of Charge d'Affaires for the Bays. The merchants of Alexandria had become apprehensive lest the English should send a garrison into that place. The property of Elfi Bey is stated to have fallen into the hands of his enemies, and his whole family to have been ruined, in consequence of his alliance with England.
Summary of Events leading to a powerful Coalition against France.
Summary of Events leading to a powerful Coalition against France.
LONDON, June 4.
LONDON, June 4.
In the Gazette de France, we find the following paragraph in regard to the demand made on Prussia respecting Embden:
In the Gazette de France, we find the following paragraph in regard to the demand made on Prussia respecting Embden:
"His Prussian Majesty has, it is said, rejected the proposal of the French Government which required permission to occupy Embden, on condition of indemnifying the Prussian finances for the loss of the Custom-house and other duties, which would necessarily result from the measure."
"His Prussian Majesty has, it is said, rejected the proposal of the French Government which required permission to occupy Embden, on condition of indemnifying the Prussian finances for the loss of the Custom-house and other duties, which would necessarily result from the measure."
On this subject it may afford our readers some amusement to have the following particulars stated, some of which have before been given, but they are worth bringing to recollection:
On this subject it may afford our readers some amusement to have the following particulars stated, some of which have before been given, but they are worth bringing to recollection:
Immediately after the violation of the neutrality of the German Empire, by the invasion of Hanover, in May 1808, Bonaparte negotiated with Prussia concerning the occupation of Embden, during the present war;—and offered, as a security for its future evacuation, the Fort and Town of Hameln, in Hanover, with a yearly pecuniary indemnity of twenty thousand Prussian Louis-d'ors. This is one of the many plans of the Usurper to exclude us from all continental trade and connections; because, at the same time, he negotiated with Denmark for the occupation of the coast in Holstein and Jutland, and for the Fort and Town of Helsingor, which command the entrance of the Baltic by commanding the Sound; with Sweden and Mecklenburgh, he intrigued for garrisoning Swedish Pomerania, and the sea ports on the Baltic belonging to the Duke of Mecklenburgh, offering all these states pecuniary or territorial indemnities, at the expense of the pillaged and oppressed Hanover. While this was going on in the north of Europe, Austria was asked to give up, during the war, Venice and Trieste, and to occupy, in return, as security Mantua and Peschiera. Any person looking upon the map of Europe will see, that had our atrocious enemy succeeded in his plan, from the Russian frontiers on the Baltic, to the Turkish on the Mediterranean, not a Continental sea-port would have been open to us—because, in that case, no money would have insured the neutrality of Spain and Portugal; and, Gottentburgh in Sweden, as well as Stettin in Prussia Pomerania, would have been shut against our commerce. Surprised that no other State espoused his hatred against this country, Bonaparte changed his plan of military occupation into that of an armed neutrality; into which Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, in the North—and Turkey, Austria, Naples, and Spain, in the South, were invited to enter. Again disappointed, threats succeeded negotiations, the territory of neutral Germany was again invaded by the occupation of Mecklenburgh, which excluded all trade between Embden and the interior of Germany, while, on the other hand, the French army stationed in Holland and in Germany, in Switzerland and in Italy was augmented, and the dominions of Austria, as well as those of Turkey, menaced. In Holland and in Germany, in Switzerland and in Italy, every where on the French frontiers, depots of English goods were seized, and the merchants of those countries were ruined, but no British subject suffered, because they were already paid, or had security for payment, from merchants at Hamburg, London, Edinburgh, Venice, or Trieste. This insolent and impolitic conduct, began, at last, it is said, to alarm the King of Prussia. Haugwitz was disgraced, and it is even asserted, that overtures were then made by the Court of Berlin to those of Vienna and St. Petersburg, for uniting in defensive measures against the foreigner, who tyrannized over France, and dared, or oppressed all other states. A treaty of defensive alliance had previously been agreed to between Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, which late occurrences may perhaps change to an offensive treaty with England; and, should a new league be formed, it is improbable, and almost impossible that Austria, or even Prussia can long preserve a neutrality so often violated by Bonaparte.
Immediately after the violation of the neutrality of the German Empire, by the invasion of Hanover, in May 1808, Bonaparte negotiated with Prussia concerning the occupation of Embden, during the present war;—and offered, as a security for its future evacuation, the Fort and Town of Hameln, in Hanover, with a yearly pecuniary indemnity of twenty thousand Prussian Louis-d'ors. This is one of the many plans of the Usurper to exclude us from all continental trade and connections; because, at the same time, he negotiated with Denmark for the occupation of the coast in Holstein and Jutland, and for the Fort and Town of Helsingor, which command the entrance of the Baltic by commanding the Sound; with Sweden and Mecklenburgh, he intrigued for garrisoning Swedish Pomerania, and the sea ports on the Baltic belonging to the Duke of Mecklenburgh, offering all these states pecuniary or territorial indemnities, at the expense of the pillaged and oppressed Hanover. While this was going on in the north of Europe, Austria was asked to give up, during the war, Venice and Trieste, and to occupy, in return, as security Mantua and Peschiera. Any person looking upon the map of Europe will see, that had our atrocious enemy succeeded in his plan, from the Russian frontiers on the Baltic, to the Turkish on the Mediterranean, not a Continental sea-port would have been open to us—because, in that case, no money would have insured the neutrality of Spain and Portugal; and, Gottentburgh in Sweden, as well as Stettin in Prussia Pomerania, would have been shut against our commerce. Surprised that no other State espoused his hatred against this country, Bonaparte changed his plan of military occupation into that of an armed neutrality; into which Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, in the North—and Turkey, Austria, Naples, and Spain, in the South, were invited to enter. Again disappointed, threats succeeded negotiations, the territory of neutral Germany was again invaded by the occupation of Mecklenburgh, which excluded all trade between Embden and the interior of Germany, while, on the other hand, the French army stationed in Holland and in Germany, in Switzerland and in Italy was augmented, and the dominions of Austria, as well as those of Turkey, menaced. In Holland and in Germany, in Switzerland and in Italy, every where on the French frontiers, depots of English goods were seized, and the merchants of those countries were ruined, but no British subject suffered, because they were already paid, or had security for payment, from merchants at Hamburg, London, Edinburgh, Venice, or Trieste. This insolent and impolitic conduct, began, at last, it is said, to alarm the King of Prussia. Haugwitz was disgraced, and it is even asserted, that overtures were then made by the Court of Berlin to those of Vienna and St. Petersburg, for uniting in defensive measures against the foreigner, who tyrannized over France, and dared, or oppressed all other states. A treaty of defensive alliance had previously been agreed to between Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, which late occurrences may perhaps change to an offensive treaty with England; and, should a new league be formed, it is improbable, and almost impossible that Austria, or even Prussia can long preserve a neutrality so often violated by Bonaparte.
WEST-INDIES.
WEST-INDIES.
From Capt. Clark, of the Louisa, arrived at Philadelphia July 23.
From Capt. Clark, of the Louisa, arrived at Philadelphia July 23.
"During my stay at St. Domingo, there came off the harbour 3 British frigates at different periods with flags of truce, to wit: the Blanche, capt. Mude the Pique, capt. Ross, and the Franchise, capt. Murry. All of these officers were on shore, some of them three days. They said they had further idea of blocking St. Domingo. There was a division between the two black Generals, Christophe and Dessalines, which may prove fatal to the Blacks."
"During my stay at St. Domingo, there came off the harbour 3 British frigates at different periods with flags of truce, to wit: the Blanche, capt. Mude the Pique, capt. Ross, and the Franchise, capt. Murry. All of these officers were on shore, some of them three days. They said they had further idea of blocking St. Domingo. There was a division between the two black Generals, Christophe and Dessalines, which may prove fatal to the Blacks."
"General Ferrand, at Santo Domingo, was under no apprehension from the Blacks, there being none nearer than 40 leagues. The garrison was supplied with 9 months provisions—and the troops healthy."
"General Ferrand, at Santo Domingo, was under no apprehension from the Blacks, there being none nearer than 40 leagues. The garrison was supplied with 9 months provisions—and the troops healthy."
General Dessalines has sent by a vessel arrived at Nantz, dispatches to the First Consul, stating that he has threatened the murder of all French inhabitants in the island of Hayti, if the Government do not immediately acknowledge its independence, and promise a yearly tribute in arms, ammunition, artillery, &c.—This circumstance is recorded in the Clef du Cabinet . [N. Y. Mer. Adv.]
General Dessalines has sent by a vessel arrived at Nantz, dispatches to the First Consul, stating that he has threatened the murder of all French inhabitants in the island of Hayti, if the Government do not immediately acknowledge its independence, and promise a yearly tribute in arms, ammunition, artillery, &c.—This circumstance is recorded in the Clef du Cabinet . [N. Y. Mer. Adv.]
We have advices from Havana, that by a late ordinance of the Government, American vessels are permitted to enter that port with Horses, Lumber, and every description of Plantation Utensils.
We have advices from Havana, that by a late ordinance of the Government, American vessels are permitted to enter that port with Horses, Lumber, and every description of Plantation Utensils.
DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
Extract of a letter from Mr. Andrew Belknap, of this town, dated Marseille, May 18 1804.
Extract of a letter from Mr. Andrew Belknap, of this town, dated Marseille, May 18 1804.
"The report of a war with Tunis is not yet absolutely confirmed. We understand that Commodore Preble has been in the harbour of Tunis, with his squadron, to demand of the Bey his reasons for fitting out a number of vessels of war; but there is no certainty that war is declared."
"The report of a war with Tunis is not yet absolutely confirmed. We understand that Commodore Preble has been in the harbour of Tunis, with his squadron, to demand of the Bey his reasons for fitting out a number of vessels of war; but there is no certainty that war is declared."
"P. S. An arrival from Syracuse, brings intelligence, that the noise of war with Tunis has subsided." Bost. Pap.
"P. S. An arrival from Syracuse, brings intelligence, that the noise of war with Tunis has subsided." Bost. Pap.
The following article on the same subject has been extracted from a letter to a gentleman in this city, dated
The following article on the same subject has been extracted from a letter to a gentleman in this city, dated
Gibraltar, May 30.
Gibraltar, May 30.
"We are sorry to advise you that there is great reason to believe the bey of Tunis has declared war against America. He has several cruisers at Malta and was busy at Tunis fitting out others. We are anxiously expecting the reinforcement that has been ordered here by congress, which will be perfectly sufficient to keep them from doing much mischief."
"We are sorry to advise you that there is great reason to believe the bey of Tunis has declared war against America. He has several cruisers at Malta and was busy at Tunis fitting out others. We are anxiously expecting the reinforcement that has been ordered here by congress, which will be perfectly sufficient to keep them from doing much mischief."
Balt. Fed. gaz.
Balt. Fed. gaz.
The London Observer, of June 3, says: "The Ex-Bashaw of Tripoli has written to the President of the United States, requesting a loan of 40,000 dollars, to enable him to regain his situation, to which he has a legitimate hereditary claim, promising, if he is successful, to release all the American prisoners, and to repay the money. He otherwise offers to give the Americans possession of the strongest port as a guarantee for the performance of his engagements."
The London Observer, of June 3, says: "The Ex-Bashaw of Tripoli has written to the President of the United States, requesting a loan of 40,000 dollars, to enable him to regain his situation, to which he has a legitimate hereditary claim, promising, if he is successful, to release all the American prisoners, and to repay the money. He otherwise offers to give the Americans possession of the strongest port as a guarantee for the performance of his engagements."
ENQUIRER.
ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND: SATURDAY, AUGUST 4, 1804.
RICHMOND: SATURDAY, AUGUST 4, 1804.
THE important proceedings of the French government have occupied too great a share of this paper, to permit the insertion of the IId number on the Tendency of Banks; it shall be published in the next paper. The reader is desired to correct a few errata which appeared in the first and second numbers on this subject.
THE important proceedings of the French government have occupied too great a share of this paper, to permit the insertion of the IId number on the Tendency of Banks; it shall be published in the next paper. The reader is desired to correct a few errata which appeared in the first and second numbers on this subject.
1st. In the first number, Stock and Capital are made synonymous. Most of the readers who have considered the extract from Smith "on the Division of Stock," will recollect that capital is a stock only. Hence the expressions introduced into the first number of "inactive capital," "dead capital," are obviously improper.
1st. In the first number, Stock and Capital are made synonymous. Most of the readers who have considered the extract from Smith "on the Division of Stock," will recollect that capital is a stock only. Hence the expressions introduced into the first number of "inactive capital," "dead capital," are obviously improper.
2nd. After having set out with dividing the great prerequisites of wealth in every civilized society, into its land , its labour , and its capital ; the Essay in one of its subsequent paragraphs observes, that the capital of an individual may "lie in the form of lands ;" thus appearing to make land one of the branches of capital, after having laid down a discrimination between them. The propriety of this discrimination, however, which is made by most of the political economists, and particularly by Adam Smith, may admit of some discussion. It may be well doubted whether land should not be considered in several important incidents (to use a legal phrase) as one branch of the stock of a country; and whether the rent of land may not be considered, not as the profit of stock, but as the interest of capital or money.
2nd. After having set out with dividing the great prerequisites of wealth in every civilized society, into its land , its labour , and its capital ; the Essay in one of its subsequent paragraphs observes, that the capital of an individual may "lie in the form of lands ;" thus appearing to make land one of the branches of capital, after having laid down a discrimination between them. The propriety of this discrimination, however, which is made by most of the political economists, and particularly by Adam Smith, may admit of some discussion. It may be well doubted whether land should not be considered in several important incidents (to use a legal phrase) as one branch of the stock of a country; and whether the rent of land may not be considered, not as the profit of stock, but as the interest of capital or money.
3d. In the 5th paragraph of the 2d. number "the quality of exchangeable commodities" is used instead of "the quantity of exchangeable commodities."
3d. In the 5th paragraph of the 2d. number "the quality of exchangeable commodities" is used instead of "the quantity of exchangeable commodities."
4th. The capital of the bank of Virginia is made by a typographical mistake to be only "150,000 dollars" instead of "1,500,000 dollars."
4th. The capital of the bank of Virginia is made by a typographical mistake to be only "150,000 dollars" instead of "1,500,000 dollars."
5th. In the 11th paragraph "the saving which the bank occasions" is said to be "equal to the difference, between the expense of originally manufacturing and afterwards maintaining the stock of its paper, and the expense of keeping unemployed in its coffers an actual sum in specie, which is equal to two-thirds only of that paper;" whereas every attentive reader well knows, that the specie in the bank is equal to one-third only of its paper.
5th. In the 11th paragraph "the saving which the bank occasions" is said to be "equal to the difference, between the expense of originally manufacturing and afterwards maintaining the stock of its paper, and the expense of keeping unemployed in its coffers an actual sum in specie, which is equal to two-thirds only of that paper;" whereas every attentive reader well knows, that the specie in the bank is equal to one-third only of its paper.
The members of the "Mutual Assurance Fire Company" who met at the Capitol on Monday and Tuesday, came to a resolution, that no new requisition should be demanded of the subscribers, to discharge the claims of the sufferers at Norfolk; but that the stock, in which their funds have been vested should be sold, and appropriated to this purpose. Several objections having been made against the present rules of the association, a committee was appointed to examine its constitution, and to report any amendments which they may deem necessary or useful.—A sketch of the nature and defects of this institution, shall appear in a subsequent number of this paper.
The members of the "Mutual Assurance Fire Company" who met at the Capitol on Monday and Tuesday, came to a resolution, that no new requisition should be demanded of the subscribers, to discharge the claims of the sufferers at Norfolk; but that the stock, in which their funds have been vested should be sold, and appropriated to this purpose. Several objections having been made against the present rules of the association, a committee was appointed to examine its constitution, and to report any amendments which they may deem necessary or useful.—A sketch of the nature and defects of this institution, shall appear in a subsequent number of this paper.
The Editor returns his thanks to COLUMBIA, for his observations and advice, and perfectly agrees with him in the opinion, that select extracts from the Physiologia of Darwin, will be extremely valuable. When he has time to accompany them with suitable notes, they shall certainly be published.
The Editor returns his thanks to COLUMBIA, for his observations and advice, and perfectly agrees with him in the opinion, that select extracts from the Physiologia of Darwin, will be extremely valuable. When he has time to accompany them with suitable notes, they shall certainly be published.
BONAPARTE.
BONAPARTE.
"Scarcely" says the Legislative Body of France, "has he numbered thirty-four years, and the events of his life are more wonderful than the fables, with which history has surrounded the cradles of ancient Dynasties." For once at least, the Legislative Body is right in their assertion. Where is the man, who will not agree with them, that the life of this extraordinary man is more singular perhaps than any which the annals of the world contain! Let any one consider the host of difficulties, which originally opposed his elevation; let any one retrace the wonderful combination of revolutions, rapid and extensive, of talents active and diversified, by which those difficulties were overcome; and then let him produce, if he can, a more extraordinary series of vicissitudes, in the history of any one individual.
"Scarcely" says the Legislative Body of France, "has he numbered thirty-four years, and the events of his life are more wonderful than the fables, with which history has surrounded the cradles of ancient Dynasties." For once at least, the Legislative Body is right in their assertion. Where is the man, who will not agree with them, that the life of this extraordinary man is more singular perhaps than any which the annals of the world contain! Let any one consider the host of difficulties, which originally opposed his elevation; let any one retrace the wonderful combination of revolutions, rapid and extensive, of talents active and diversified, by which those difficulties were overcome; and then let him produce, if he can, a more extraordinary series of vicissitudes, in the history of any one individual.
The native of the humble island of Corsica, whose sovereignty was sold to the French in the year 1767 by the mercenary Genoese: who could have expected that this man, the inhabitant of that miserable and despicable island, would have one day acquired the sovereignty even over the masters of his country? When he removed to a kingdom whose proud monarch, the successor of 68 kings, was equally encircled by the splendour of their name, & by his own pompous power; who could have expected that this proud kingdom should have been broken up, & that its "great monarch" should have been conducted to the scaffold? When this revolution had been accomplished in a nation of thirty millions of men, distinguished amongst the most celebrated countries of the earth for their attainments in all the arts of peace, and in the whole discipline of war: how many chances were there against the elevation of any particular individual to the highest post of honor and confidence? When he had acquired the command of one of the armies of France, how many bullets must have escaped him: how many bayonets must have been turned aside, which were aimed against his life? When so many of the other French Generals were losing their stations and their reputation by the cruel vigilance of their government or their own perfidious dispositions, how sagacious must have been the policy which still retained the confidence of his country; and by what an incorruptible integrity or jealous pride, must the avenues of his own honour have been guarded, against seduction? When he embarked in an insecure fleet at Toulon, to seek in distant & hostile countries, new conquests & additional fame; what an extraordinary series of chances was it, that led the British fleet awide from its course, and conducted him safe to the shores of Egypt? "Fortune," exclaimed the hero, "grant me but time to land my army, and I ask no more!" Yet he obtained from her more than he had demanded. It was not against the force of the British fleet alone, that fortune appeared anxious to guard her favorite hero; for the "extended her myrtle mantle" to all the dangers & difficulties which beset his progress in Egypt and Syria. The secret poignard of the Arab, and the daring violence of the Mameluke, were in vain exerted against his safety. He returns at length to France, covered with laurels, but baffled in his enterprise. He returns at a time, when the finances of France are exhausted, its executive government dishonored and despised, its armies defeated by the very enemies whom they had so often vanquished during the war, and the people ripe for a change.
The native of the humble island of Corsica, whose sovereignty was sold to the French in the year 1767 by the mercenary Genoese: who could have expected that this man, the inhabitant of that miserable and despicable island, would have one day acquired the sovereignty even over the masters of his country? When he removed to a kingdom whose proud monarch, the successor of 68 kings, was equally encircled by the splendour of their name, & by his own pompous power; who could have expected that this proud kingdom should have been broken up, & that its "great monarch" should have been conducted to the scaffold? When this revolution had been accomplished in a nation of thirty millions of men, distinguished amongst the most celebrated countries of the earth for their attainments in all the arts of peace, and in the whole discipline of war: how many chances were there against the elevation of any particular individual to the highest post of honor and confidence? When he had acquired the command of one of the armies of France, how many bullets must have escaped him: how many bayonets must have been turned aside, which were aimed against his life? When so many of the other French Generals were losing their stations and their reputation by the cruel vigilance of their government or their own perfidious dispositions, how sagacious must have been the policy which still retained the confidence of his country; and by what an incorruptible integrity or jealous pride, must the avenues of his own honour have been guarded, against seduction? When he embarked in an insecure fleet at Toulon, to seek in distant & hostile countries, new conquests & additional fame; what an extraordinary series of chances was it, that led the British fleet awide from its course, and conducted him safe to the shores of Egypt? "Fortune," exclaimed the hero, "grant me but time to land my army, and I ask no more!" Yet he obtained from her more than he had demanded. It was not against the force of the British fleet alone, that fortune appeared anxious to guard her favorite hero; for the "extended her myrtle mantle" to all the dangers & difficulties which beset his progress in Egypt and Syria. The secret poignard of the Arab, and the daring violence of the Mameluke, were in vain exerted against his safety. He returns at length to France, covered with laurels, but baffled in his enterprise. He returns at a time, when the finances of France are exhausted, its executive government dishonored and despised, its armies defeated by the very enemies whom they had so often vanquished during the war, and the people ripe for a change.
The visions of perfect liberty had now vanished; the change which some of the people seemed willing to abide by, was extensive, fatal to the grand principles of the revolution, and favorable to the designs of an usurper. Yet how many
The visions of perfect liberty had now vanished; the change which some of the people seemed willing to abide by, was extensive, fatal to the grand principles of the revolution, and favorable to the designs of an usurper. Yet how many
chances were there, that some other favorite of the nation, some other hero of the revolution, would have leapt forward and attempted to direct the delinies of France! The modest, the simple, the magnanimous Moreau had declined the offer and the opportunity; and Napoleon Bonaparte became under the unassuming title of Consul, a name which the early ages of the Roman Republic have devoted to an honorable immortality, the real Dictator of France. Trace him now in the wild career of his ambition; see him encircled with a Consulate for life; accompany him to the bloody field of Marengo, where he is surrounded by new dangers, and covered with new laurels; observe him ascending still nearer and nearer to the throne of France, and at each new step menaced by new perils, by secret conspirators, or the manly resistance of former competitors, until at length arrives at the summit of all his hopes. Is there any one, who can survey this singular tissue of events, without agreeing with Fontanes, that "the events of his life are more wonderful than the fables with which history has surrounded the cradles of ancient Dynasties"? A Corsican, a soldier of fortune, the early friend of liberty, the man who braves new dangers in a distant country, the competitor of so many distinguished heroes, establishes a new empire upon the ruins of a throne "upheld by the veneration of fourteen centuries;" a throne, which the people of France had destroyed at the expence of a million of brave men, and which they had sworn upon the altars of liberty, should never be re-established. All this is as wonderful, as the tale of a Romance. But I can easily conceive something perhaps even more wonderful than all these events; certainly, something more honorable to himself and to his adopted country.
chances were there, that some other favorite of the nation, some other hero of the revolution, would have leapt forward and attempted to direct the delinies of France! The modest, the simple, the magnanimous Moreau had declined the offer and the opportunity; and Napoleon Bonaparte became under the unassuming title of Consul, a name which the early ages of the Roman Republic have devoted to an honorable immortality, the real Dictator of France. Trace him now in the wild career of his ambition; see him encircled with a Consulate for life; accompany him to the bloody field of Marengo, where he is surrounded by new dangers, and covered with new laurels; observe him ascending still nearer and nearer to the throne of France, and at each new step menaced by new perils, by secret conspirators, or the manly resistance of former competitors, until at length arrives at the summit of all his hopes. Is there any one, who can survey this singular tissue of events, without agreeing with Fontanes, that "the events of his life are more wonderful than the fables with which history has surrounded the cradles of ancient Dynasties"? A Corsican, a soldier of fortune, the early friend of liberty, the man who braves new dangers in a distant country, the competitor of so many distinguished heroes, establishes a new empire upon the ruins of a throne "upheld by the veneration of fourteen centuries;" a throne, which the people of France had destroyed at the expence of a million of brave men, and which they had sworn upon the altars of liberty, should never be re-established. All this is as wonderful, as the tale of a Romance. But I can easily conceive something perhaps even more wonderful than all these events; certainly, something more honorable to himself and to his adopted country.
What a "glorious, golden opportunity" was presented to Bonaparte, of giving a deathblow to the enemies of his name! Why could not this man who had so often and so greatly conquered the enemies of his country, who had never defeated the field of thickset danger; why could he not have exerted sufficient magnanimity to conquer himself? The glory of the first victory was divided between himself and Fortune; and we have already seen, that he was willing to give Fortune an appropriate share. But the honour of the last might have belonged wholly to himself. Why, after he was made First Consul of France, did he not silently and gradually attempt to habituate the people to the representative system? Why did he not organise the government upon such a model, as that he might be slowly and silently giving up his own power, and calling into action the power of the people? Was it that the habits of Frenchmen forbid it; that they were really unfit for the enjoyment of a free constitution; or was it that Bonaparte bewildered and bewitched by his own ambition, was unwilling to make them free? If it was the first, and our own ignorance of the condition of that nation prevents us from deciding, we can only pity the degradation of their character, and preserve our own from similar disgrace. But if it were the last, and the new constitution, (which certainly gives him much more power than is necessary to secure its professed object, the establishment of an hereditary power) contributes to prove the extent of his ambition, we have perhaps many reasons to lament that he ever "numbered his thir-y-four years."
What a "glorious, golden opportunity" was presented to Bonaparte, of giving a deathblow to the enemies of his name! Why could not this man who had so often and so greatly conquered the enemies of his country, who had never defeated the field of thickset danger; why could he not have exerted sufficient magnanimity to conquer himself? The glory of the first victory was divided between himself and Fortune; and we have already seen, that he was willing to give Fortune an appropriate share. But the honour of the last might have belonged wholly to himself. Why, after he was made First Consul of France, did he not silently and gradually attempt to habituate the people to the representative system? Why did he not organise the government upon such a model, as that he might be slowly and silently giving up his own power, and calling into action the power of the people? Was it that the habits of Frenchmen forbid it; that they were really unfit for the enjoyment of a free constitution; or was it that Bonaparte bewildered and bewitched by his own ambition, was unwilling to make them free? If it was the first, and our own ignorance of the condition of that nation prevents us from deciding, we can only pity the degradation of their character, and preserve our own from similar disgrace. But if it were the last, and the new constitution, (which certainly gives him much more power than is necessary to secure its professed object, the establishment of an hereditary power) contributes to prove the extent of his ambition, we have perhaps many reasons to lament that he ever "numbered his thir-y-four years."
If there be any one, whose imagination is too weak to delineate a picture of what Bonaparte might have been, or whose heart is too inflexible to its beauties; let him for a moment direct his attention to a man who in some respects may serve as an illustrious model; to the modest and magnanimous
If there be any one, whose imagination is too weak to delineate a picture of what Bonaparte might have been, or whose heart is too inflexible to its beauties; let him for a moment direct his attention to a man who in some respects may serve as an illustrious model; to the modest and magnanimous
MOREAU.
MOREAU.
Known as the rival of Bonaparte; equal if not superior to him in arms, in the number of his laurels, in his military reputation; he exhibits a singular contrast to the Emperor of the French. Was Plutarch living at the present time, what a rich subject would he here present to him for the exercise of his inimitably discriminating pen! His usual plan of comparing together a Roman and a Grecian, two men of different nations, would here give way to the propriety of bringing together two men of the same country, resembling each other so much in the greatness of their military renown, yet so strongly discriminated in their moral character. Instead of aspiring to a throne as Bonaparte has done, observe the walks of life, in which Moreau was ambitious to seek the purest enjoyments of his life. "I only thought," says the hero of Hohenlinden to his Judges, "of disbanding the army, & returning to the repose of a citizen. In this repose, which was not without glory, I enjoyed without doubt my honours—those honours which human power can never wrest from me, the remembrance of my actions, the testimony of my conscience, the esteem of my compatriots and strangers, and if it may be said, the flattering and sweet presentiments of posterity." Moreau is right in one assertion. Even should his compatriots desert his fortunes, strangers will not cease to esteem him.
Known as the rival of Bonaparte; equal if not superior to him in arms, in the number of his laurels, in his military reputation; he exhibits a singular contrast to the Emperor of the French. Was Plutarch living at the present time, what a rich subject would he here present to him for the exercise of his inimitably discriminating pen! His usual plan of comparing together a Roman and a Grecian, two men of different nations, would here give way to the propriety of bringing together two men of the same country, resembling each other so much in the greatness of their military renown, yet so strongly discriminated in their moral character. Instead of aspiring to a throne as Bonaparte has done, observe the walks of life, in which Moreau was ambitious to seek the purest enjoyments of his life. "I only thought," says the hero of Hohenlinden to his Judges, "of disbanding the army, & returning to the repose of a citizen. In this repose, which was not without glory, I enjoyed without doubt my honours—those honours which human power can never wrest from me, the remembrance of my actions, the testimony of my conscience, the esteem of my compatriots and strangers, and if it may be said, the flattering and sweet presentiments of posterity." Moreau is right in one assertion. Even should his compatriots desert his fortunes, strangers will not cease to esteem him.
And more true joy Marcellus exil'd feels, Than Cæsar with a Senate at his heels.
And more true joy Marcellus exil'd feels, Than Cæsar with a Senate at his heels.
* Stephen's avers of the French Revolution.
* Stephen's avers of the French Revolution.
Dispatches for Government, from commodore Preble, are received by the ship True American , from Gibraltar, arrived at New-York on Tuesday, July 26th.
Dispatches for Government, from commodore Preble, are received by the ship True American , from Gibraltar, arrived at New-York on Tuesday, July 26th.
The imperial Pantomime at Paris, says the Cork Chronicle , of June 8th, is performing with vast spirit and the members of the Drama are multiplying considerably. Berthier, Murat, Moncey, Jourdan, Massena, Augereau, Bernadotte, Mortier, Soult, Brune, Lannes, Davoust, and Bessieres, are appointed marshals of the empire; and the senators, Kellermann, Lefebvre, Perignon, and Serrurier, are also to have the titles of marshals of the empire. The French princes and princesses are to be addressed by the title of their imperial highnesses—the great officers of the empire are to receive the title of their serene highnesses , and they as well as the princes are to be addressed " Monsigneur ." All ministers will be called " their excellencies ," and are to be addressed " Monsigneur ." The president of the senate is to be called " his excellency ." A marshal of the empire, " monsieur le marshal ," and when addressed colloquially or in writing, " monsigneur ."
The imperial Pantomime at Paris, says the Cork Chronicle , of June 8th, is performing with vast spirit and the members of the Drama are multiplying considerably. Berthier, Murat, Moncey, Jourdan, Massena, Augereau, Bernadotte, Mortier, Soult, Brune, Lannes, Davoust, and Bessieres, are appointed marshals of the empire; and the senators, Kellermann, Lefebvre, Perignon, and Serrurier, are also to have the titles of marshals of the empire. The French princes and princesses are to be addressed by the title of their imperial highnesses—the great officers of the empire are to receive the title of their serene highnesses , and they as well as the princes are to be addressed " Monsigneur ." All ministers will be called " their excellencies ," and are to be addressed " Monsigneur ." The president of the senate is to be called " his excellency ." A marshal of the empire, " monsieur le marshal ," and when addressed colloquially or in writing, " monsigneur ."
While all this gorgeous mummery is going forward at Paris, Dessalines, the sworn foe of the French race, is also founding a new government in St. Domingo, and in spirit and principle congenial with that of his dreaded rival the emperor of the French. The generals and chiefs of Hayti, like the French senate penetrated with gratitude for the benefits received from the general in chief, the protector of liberty—which the people enjoy, &c. &c. proclaim him governor general for life. "We swear" say they "to submit implicitly to the laws emanating from his authority, the only one we will acknowledge. We give to him the right to make peace and war, and to name his successor." There is this difference however between the gallant barbarian of Hayti and the new emperor; that the former found his country groaning under the most tremendous and sanguinary yoke in the world, from which he redeemed her, while the latter had no such deliverance to effect, and overthrew only a domestic tyranny of the day, to establish one of perpetuity; that Dessalines was invited by his brethren in arms to hold the reins away over a community of soldiers, while Bonaparte unelicited and self-imposed, first seized on power by force, continued it by fraud, and consumed it by crimes.
While all this gorgeous mummery is going forward at Paris, Dessalines, the sworn foe of the French race, is also founding a new government in St. Domingo, and in spirit and principle congenial with that of his dreaded rival the emperor of the French. The generals and chiefs of Hayti, like the French senate penetrated with gratitude for the benefits received from the general in chief, the protector of liberty—which the people enjoy, &c. &c. proclaim him governor general for life. "We swear" say they "to submit implicitly to the laws emanating from his authority, the only one we will acknowledge. We give to him the right to make peace and war, and to name his successor." There is this difference however between the gallant barbarian of Hayti and the new emperor; that the former found his country groaning under the most tremendous and sanguinary yoke in the world, from which he redeemed her, while the latter had no such deliverance to effect, and overthrew only a domestic tyranny of the day, to establish one of perpetuity; that Dessalines was invited by his brethren in arms to hold the reins away over a community of soldiers, while Bonaparte unelicited and self-imposed, first seized on power by force, continued it by fraud, and consumed it by crimes.
NOTICE.
NOTICE.
By virtue of a Decree of Trust executed in the County of Fauquier, for the benefit of Col. J. L. Terrell, Esq. of the Rev. William Douglass, Jr.
By virtue of a Decree of Trust executed in the County of Fauquier, for the benefit of Col. J. L. Terrell, Esq. of the Rev. William Douglass, Jr.
WILL BE EXPOSED TO SALE, To the highest bidder, for ready money at Col. G. C. B.'s, in the County of Fauquier, on Saturday, the 28th day of September next, the
WILL BE EXPOSED TO SALE, To the highest bidder, for ready money at Col. G. C. B.'s, in the County of Fauquier, on Saturday, the 28th day of September next, the
TRACT OF LAND,
TRACT OF LAND,
Whereon the said William now resides, in the upper end of Fauquier County, or so much thereof as shall be necessary to satisfy the balance due the said Executor, as also the cost attending the trust.
Whereon the said William now resides, in the upper end of Fauquier County, or so much thereof as shall be necessary to satisfy the balance due the said Executor, as also the cost attending the trust.
DAVID BULLOCK, and FREDERICK HARRIS, Trustees. July 31, 1804. (48 Spn.)
DAVID BULLOCK, and FREDERICK HARRIS, Trustees. July 31, 1804. (48 Spn.)
VIRGINIA.
VIRGINIA.
AT A HIGH COURT OF CHANCERY, HELD IN THE CITY OF RICHMOND, 5th March, 1796.
AT A HIGH COURT OF CHANCERY, HELD IN THE CITY OF RICHMOND, 5th March, 1796.
BETWEEN Mary Ruffin, executrix, and Herbert Chisholme, James Ruffin and William Ruffin, executors of Robert Ruffin, and James Ruffin, William Ruffin and Sterling Ruffin, prosecuting in their own behalf. Plaintiffs.
BETWEEN Mary Ruffin, executrix, and Herbert Chisholme, James Ruffin and William Ruffin, executors of Robert Ruffin, and James Ruffin, William Ruffin and Sterling Ruffin, prosecuting in their own behalf. Plaintiffs.
AND William Martin, Isaac Hicks and Nancy his Wife, William Gee and John Gee, Defendants. HIS cause, which abated as to the plaintiff Mary Ruffin, by her death, came on the fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-six, to be heard on the bill, answers, exhibits and examinations of witnesses, and was argued by counsel: on consideration whereof, the court doth direct one of its Commissioners to state on account of the payments made, if any payments were made, towards discharging the debt, interest and charges intended to be secured by the indented in the bill recited, and also to examine the bills of credit alleged to have been tendered by John Jones, on behalf of the defendant William Martin, on the ninth day of December, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty one, in order to discover whether such bills of credit could be legally tendered at that time, and the Commissioner is empowered to examine the Plaintiffs in solemn manner, and require their acknowledgment or denial of such payments, and tender and to report the matters, as they shall appear to him, to the court, stating specially such as to him shall seem pertinent, or by the parties shall be desired to be so stated; and the bill is dismissed, as to the defendant John Gee, who hath by his answer disclaimed any title to the land conveyed by the indented aforesaid.
AND William Martin, Isaac Hicks and Nancy his Wife, William Gee and John Gee, Defendants. HIS cause, which abated as to the plaintiff Mary Ruffin, by her death, came on the fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-six, to be heard on the bill, answers, exhibits and examinations of witnesses, and was argued by counsel: on consideration whereof, the court doth direct one of its Commissioners to state on account of the payments made, if any payments were made, towards discharging the debt, interest and charges intended to be secured by the indented in the bill recited, and also to examine the bills of credit alleged to have been tendered by John Jones, on behalf of the defendant William Martin, on the ninth day of December, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty one, in order to discover whether such bills of credit could be legally tendered at that time, and the Commissioner is empowered to examine the Plaintiffs in solemn manner, and require their acknowledgment or denial of such payments, and tender and to report the matters, as they shall appear to him, to the court, stating specially such as to him shall seem pertinent, or by the parties shall be desired to be so stated; and the bill is dismissed, as to the defendant John Gee, who hath by his answer disclaimed any title to the land conveyed by the indented aforesaid.
A Copy, Teste, PETER TINSLEY, C. C.
A Copy, Teste, PETER TINSLEY, C. C.
COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE,
COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE,
RICHMOND, May 23d, 1804.
RICHMOND, May 23d, 1804.
The parties concerned are desired to take notice, that I have appointed Friday the twenty-third day of November next, for carrying into effect the within Decree, upon which day their attendance is required at my office, with their papers and accounts ready for examination. (85—82) WM. HAY, M. C.
The parties concerned are desired to take notice, that I have appointed Friday the twenty-third day of November next, for carrying into effect the within Decree, upon which day their attendance is required at my office, with their papers and accounts ready for examination. (85—82) WM. HAY, M. C.
JUVENILE EDUCATION.
JUVENILE EDUCATION.
JOSEPH OGILVIE takes this opportunity to intimate, that the Midsummer-Holidays in his School will expire on the 15th day of August. He will continue to teach Grammar, Arithmetic, Geography, Elocution, Geometry, History, Political Economy, Natural and Moral Philosophy, with due attention, as his pupils become prepared, to the principles of Criticism and Composition. The young gentlemen who recently completed his Senior Class having finished the studies in which they were engaged, have withdrawn from his school. He will therefore be prepared to receive from twelve to fifteen additional pupils. Youths from fourteen to sixteen years of age, who may have attained a tolerable acquaintance with the elements of literature, would be most acceptable to him, because most likely to be substantially and permanently benefited by the course of instruction he has adopted. Young men of more advanced years, whose opportunities for mental improvement, at an early period of their lives may have been peculiarly scanty or unfavorable, and such as may be desirous to qualify themselves for becoming instructors of youth, would probably reap considerable benefits from spending one or two years in this Seminary. Whilst he can with perfect sincerity, declare his willingness to afford young men who are really desirous to acquire information, and are at the same time, disposed to observe the inviolable rules of Academic regularity and decorum, every assistance and encouragement in the prosecution of their studies which he is qualified to bestow; he wishes to have it distinctly understood, that such as may have unfortunately acquired inveterate habits of idleness and dissipation, could scarcely expect a school where such habits will encounter more decided, vigilant and probably painful counteraction. J. O.'s charge for tuition will be fifty dollars per annum, for instruction in the different departments of science, and forty dollars for instruction in the different branches of elementary literature, he proposes to teach: the fee for tuition to be paid quarterly and in advance. N. B. J. Ogilvie wishes to receive four of his Junior pupils as boarders on terms, which will be made known to parents on application to him, by letter or otherwise.
JOSEPH OGILVIE takes this opportunity to intimate, that the Midsummer-Holidays in his School will expire on the 15th day of August. He will continue to teach Grammar, Arithmetic, Geography, Elocution, Geometry, History, Political Economy, Natural and Moral Philosophy, with due attention, as his pupils become prepared, to the principles of Criticism and Composition. The young gentlemen who recently completed his Senior Class having finished the studies in which they were engaged, have withdrawn from his school. He will therefore be prepared to receive from twelve to fifteen additional pupils. Youths from fourteen to sixteen years of age, who may have attained a tolerable acquaintance with the elements of literature, would be most acceptable to him, because most likely to be substantially and permanently benefited by the course of instruction he has adopted. Young men of more advanced years, whose opportunities for mental improvement, at an early period of their lives may have been peculiarly scanty or unfavorable, and such as may be desirous to qualify themselves for becoming instructors of youth, would probably reap considerable benefits from spending one or two years in this Seminary. Whilst he can with perfect sincerity, declare his willingness to afford young men who are really desirous to acquire information, and are at the same time, disposed to observe the inviolable rules of Academic regularity and decorum, every assistance and encouragement in the prosecution of their studies which he is qualified to bestow; he wishes to have it distinctly understood, that such as may have unfortunately acquired inveterate habits of idleness and dissipation, could scarcely expect a school where such habits will encounter more decided, vigilant and probably painful counteraction. J. O.'s charge for tuition will be fifty dollars per annum, for instruction in the different departments of science, and forty dollars for instruction in the different branches of elementary literature, he proposes to teach: the fee for tuition to be paid quarterly and in advance. N. B. J. Ogilvie wishes to receive four of his Junior pupils as boarders on terms, which will be made known to parents on application to him, by letter or otherwise.
VIRGINIA.
VIRGINIA.
AT A SUPERIOR COURT OF CHANCERY, HELD IN RICHMOND, MAY 19. 1804.
AT A SUPERIOR COURT OF CHANCERY, HELD IN RICHMOND, MAY 19. 1804.
BETWEEN
BETWEEN
JOSEPH C. BROWN, RICHARD B. GOODE & WILLIAM BROWN, Plaintiffs.
JOSEPH C. BROWN, RICHARD B. GOODE & WILLIAM BROWN, Plaintiffs.
AND
AND
ROBERT OMBERSON, Defendant.
ROBERT OMBERSON, Defendant.
HIS cause, by consent of parties, came on this nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and four, to be heard on the bill and answer, and was argued by counsel: on consideration whereof, the court adjudgeth and decreeth, that, unless the defendant on or before the twenty-fourth day of July next, pay to the plaintiff, William Brown, one thousand four hundred dollars, with interest thereon, after the rate of six per centum per annum, to be computed from the twenty-fourth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and three, till payment, and the costs expended by the plaintiffs in prosecuting this suit, that Joseph C. Brown and Richard B. Goode, after giving three weeks notice in one or more of the Richmond newspapers, do expose to public sale by auction, for ready money, the Half Acre Lot of Land, with the Appurtenances, lying in that part of the City of Richmond called Rockets, designated in the plan of the said city by the number (207) two hundred and seven, which had been conveyed in trust by the defendant, to the forenamed Joseph C. Brown and Richard B. Goode, for the purpose as is alleged in the bill and admitted by the answer, of securing the forenamed principal money and interest, the deed for which hath been destroyed as is also alleged, and admitted; and out of the money arising from the sale, pay to the plaintiff, William Brown, the said principal money, interest and costs; and the surplus, if any, after deducting the expenses attending the sale, pay to the defendant, and report their proceedings in execution hereof to the court.
HIS cause, by consent of parties, came on this nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and four, to be heard on the bill and answer, and was argued by counsel: on consideration whereof, the court adjudgeth and decreeth, that, unless the defendant on or before the twenty-fourth day of July next, pay to the plaintiff, William Brown, one thousand four hundred dollars, with interest thereon, after the rate of six per centum per annum, to be computed from the twenty-fourth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and three, till payment, and the costs expended by the plaintiffs in prosecuting this suit, that Joseph C. Brown and Richard B. Goode, after giving three weeks notice in one or more of the Richmond newspapers, do expose to public sale by auction, for ready money, the Half Acre Lot of Land, with the Appurtenances, lying in that part of the City of Richmond called Rockets, designated in the plan of the said city by the number (207) two hundred and seven, which had been conveyed in trust by the defendant, to the forenamed Joseph C. Brown and Richard B. Goode, for the purpose as is alleged in the bill and admitted by the answer, of securing the forenamed principal money and interest, the deed for which hath been destroyed as is also alleged, and admitted; and out of the money arising from the sale, pay to the plaintiff, William Brown, the said principal money, interest and costs; and the surplus, if any, after deducting the expenses attending the sale, pay to the defendant, and report their proceedings in execution hereof to the court.
A Copy, Teste, PETER TINSLEY, C. C.
A Copy, Teste, PETER TINSLEY, C. C.
WE SHALL PROCEED TO SELL, THE LOT & APPURTENANCES </
WE SHALL PROCEED TO SELL, THE LOT & APPURTENANCES </

MISCELLANEOUS. FOR THE ENQUIRER. OBSERVATIONS ON DARWIN'S "PHYTOLOGIA;" OR, "THE PHILOSOPHY OF AGRICULTURE."
MISCELLANEOUS. FOR THE ENQUIRER. OBSERVATIONS ON DARWIN'S "PHYTOLOGIA;" OR, "THE PHILOSOPHY OF AGRICULTURE."
FRUITFUL as the present age is in scientific discoveries, ingenious improvements, and literary beauties, it has probably produced few works of greater speculative and practical importance than Darwin's Phytologia.
FRUITFUL as the present age is in scientific discoveries, ingenious improvements, and literary beauties, it has probably produced few works of greater speculative and practical importance than Darwin's Phytologia.
The Phytologia or the Philosophy of Agriculture, is divided into three parts. The first part comprehends the Physiology of vegetation, in which the analogies betwixt the animal and vegetable kingdoms, are nicely analysed and copiously illustrated.
The Phytologia or the Philosophy of Agriculture, is divided into three parts. The first part comprehends the Physiology of vegetation, in which the analogies betwixt the animal and vegetable kingdoms, are nicely analysed and copiously illustrated.
COLUMELLA. FOR THE ENQUIRER. LOVE AND INGRATITUDE. AN HISTORICAL ANECDOTE. (Translated from the French.) Louis XII. was a prince of great beauty.
COLUMELLA. FOR THE ENQUIRER. LOVE AND INGRATITUDE. AN HISTORICAL ANECDOTE. (Translated from the French.) Louis XII. was a prince of great beauty.
epitaph engraved upon a magnificent tomb erected to her memory by the Citizens of Genoa. "An address to the Moon," by the author of the following verses, is inadmissible.
epitaph engraved upon a magnificent tomb erected to her memory by the Citizens of Genoa. "An address to the Moon," by the author of the following verses, is inadmissible.
THE SAILOR'S PRAYER. Eternal cause, and sole support Of Nature's vast domain. Our hope, and only safe resort In peril, and in pain.
THE SAILOR'S PRAYER. Eternal cause, and sole support Of Nature's vast domain. Our hope, and only safe resort In peril, and in pain.
REVIEW. Some mention was made in the paper before the last, of the author of a new Poem, called "Terrible Tractoration," by Christopher Caustic.
REVIEW. Some mention was made in the paper before the last, of the author of a new Poem, called "Terrible Tractoration," by Christopher Caustic.
THE SUBSCRIBER INTENDS to Practice Law in the County Courts of Mecklenburg and Halifax; and in the District Courts of Brunswick and Prince-Edward.
THE SUBSCRIBER INTENDS to Practice Law in the County Courts of Mecklenburg and Halifax; and in the District Courts of Brunswick and Prince-Edward.
VALUABLE HOUSES & LOTS. THAT handsome BRICK TENEMENT in which he at present resides, beautifully situated on Shockoe Hill.
VALUABLE HOUSES & LOTS. THAT handsome BRICK TENEMENT in which he at present resides, beautifully situated on Shockoe Hill.
ALSO, FOR RENT OR LEASE, A small, neat, two-story BRICK TENEMENT, (in the neighbourhood of Mr. Thomas Rutherford) containing five good rooms, passages, closets, &c.
ALSO, FOR RENT OR LEASE, A small, neat, two-story BRICK TENEMENT, (in the neighbourhood of Mr. Thomas Rutherford) containing five good rooms, passages, closets, &c.
ADVERTISEMENT. On the 6th day of September next, at the late dwelling house of Capt. John Hedges, dec. on Chipewyan, near Dunsfries, WILL BE SOLD, on a credit of twelve months, at public sale, to the highest bidder.
ADVERTISEMENT. On the 6th day of September next, at the late dwelling house of Capt. John Hedges, dec. on Chipewyan, near Dunsfries, WILL BE SOLD, on a credit of twelve months, at public sale, to the highest bidder.
MUTUAL ASSURANCE OFFICE, RICHMOND, July 2d, 1804. THE very extraordinary FIRES that have taken place since the institution of the Mutual Insurance against fire on goods and furniture in the State of Virginia.
MUTUAL ASSURANCE OFFICE, RICHMOND, July 2d, 1804. THE very extraordinary FIRES that have taken place since the institution of the Mutual Insurance against fire on goods and furniture in the State of Virginia.
THOMAS MOORE, celebrated for his elegant translation of Anacreon, lately left this city on an expedition to view the Falls of Niagara.
THOMAS MOORE, celebrated for his elegant translation of Anacreon, lately left this city on an expedition to view the Falls of Niagara.
WALTER POTTER, BOOKBINDER & STATIONER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND. THANKFUL for the encouragement he has received since commencing business, hopes by his strict attention, and faithful execution of all orders which he may be favoured with, to merit a further continuance of Patronage.
WALTER POTTER, BOOKBINDER & STATIONER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND. THANKFUL for the encouragement he has received since commencing business, hopes by his strict attention, and faithful execution of all orders which he may be favoured with, to merit a further continuance of Patronage.
OF a superior quality, which we offer for sale by the hoghead and quarter-cask. GIBSON & JEFFERSON. July 18. eptf
OF a superior quality, which we offer for sale by the hoghead and quarter-cask. GIBSON & JEFFERSON. July 18. eptf
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY COURT. BALL vs. JETT's heirs & representatives. BY virtue of a Decree of the Court in this suit, WILL BE SOLD, on the 1st of October next, if fair, if not, the next fair day, at the late dwelling house of Mrs. Elizabeth Jett, dec.
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY COURT. BALL vs. JETT's heirs & representatives. BY virtue of a Decree of the Court in this suit, WILL BE SOLD, on the 1st of October next, if fair, if not, the next fair day, at the late dwelling house of Mrs. Elizabeth Jett, dec.
THE quality of this land is not inferior to any in its neighbourhood, and nearly two-thirds of it is well timbered. Its situation affords an abundance of excellent fish, oysters, &c.
THE quality of this land is not inferior to any in its neighbourhood, and nearly two-thirds of it is well timbered. Its situation affords an abundance of excellent fish, oysters, &c.
LIQUID BLACKING. TICE's improved shining liquid blacking for boots and shoes and all leather that requires to be kept black, is universally allowed the best ever offered to the public.
LIQUID BLACKING. TICE's improved shining liquid blacking for boots and shoes and all leather that requires to be kept black, is universally allowed the best ever offered to the public.
NOTICE. THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me.
NOTICE. THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me.
CASH SALE OF LAND IN ALBEMARLE. ON September 15th, WILL BE SOLD, in Charlottesville, to the highest bidder, for Cash, THE TRACT OF LAND lying on the east side of Rivanna, over against Charlottesville.
CASH SALE OF LAND IN ALBEMARLE. ON September 15th, WILL BE SOLD, in Charlottesville, to the highest bidder, for Cash, THE TRACT OF LAND lying on the east side of Rivanna, over against Charlottesville.
WILL BE SOLD, To the highest bidder, in Charles City county, on September Court Day, THAT well known TRACT OF LAND, called the INDIAN FIELDS; containing between eight and nine hundred acres, pleasantly situated on the main road leading through the county.
WILL BE SOLD, To the highest bidder, in Charles City county, on September Court Day, THAT well known TRACT OF LAND, called the INDIAN FIELDS; containing between eight and nine hundred acres, pleasantly situated on the main road leading through the county.
THE VALUABLE TRACT OF LAND ON which he at present resides, lying in Caroline county, about midway between Richmond and Fredericksburg, contiguous to Mr. John Hopkins tract.
THE VALUABLE TRACT OF LAND ON which he at present resides, lying in Caroline county, about midway between Richmond and Fredericksburg, contiguous to Mr. John Hopkins tract.
WILL ALSO BE SOLD, ON THE PREMISES, A LIKELY NEGRO MAN & WOMAN, some stock of every kind, the crop of corn, wheat and tobacco, household and kitchen furniture, plantation utensils, &c.
WILL ALSO BE SOLD, ON THE PREMISES, A LIKELY NEGRO MAN & WOMAN, some stock of every kind, the crop of corn, wheat and tobacco, household and kitchen furniture, plantation utensils, &c.
LOW FOR CASH, OR ON SHORT CREDIT, Direct from Penington's Manufactory, Philadelphia; LOAF SUGAR, OF an excellent quality, either by the hoghead, barrel, or single loaf.
LOW FOR CASH, OR ON SHORT CREDIT, Direct from Penington's Manufactory, Philadelphia; LOAF SUGAR, OF an excellent quality, either by the hoghead, barrel, or single loaf.
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND. MAKES BOOTS and SHOES to any Pattern or Fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use.
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND. MAKES BOOTS and SHOES to any Pattern or Fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use.
PUBLIC NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT the President and Common Council of the City of Richmond, will at their next monthly meeting, to be held on the third Monday in August next, proceed to appoint one fit and proper person as CAPTAIN of the MILITIA WAGON within the said City, for the term of one year.
PUBLIC NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT the President and Common Council of the City of Richmond, will at their next monthly meeting, to be held on the third Monday in August next, proceed to appoint one fit and proper person as CAPTAIN of the MILITIA WAGON within the said City, for the term of one year.
FOR SALE, On liberal terms, by the Subscribers, THE HOUSE and LOT near the River Bank, at present in the occupancy of Mr. John Taylor, and distinguished in the plan of the city by the number 8, the property of the estate of Patrick Wright, dec.
FOR SALE, On liberal terms, by the Subscribers, THE HOUSE and LOT near the River Bank, at present in the occupancy of Mr. John Taylor, and distinguished in the plan of the city by the number 8, the property of the estate of Patrick Wright, dec.
SPRING GOODS. WILLIAM TEMPLE, HAS just received, by the ship Rebecca from London, and Yorkshire from Liverpool, AN ASSORTMENT OF GOODS Suitable to the season, which he will dispose of on the usual terms.
SPRING GOODS. WILLIAM TEMPLE, HAS just received, by the ship Rebecca from London, and Yorkshire from Liverpool, AN ASSORTMENT OF GOODS Suitable to the season, which he will dispose of on the usual terms.
CITY OF RICHMOND, IN COMMON HALL, July 24, 1804. IT appearing to the Common Hall of the City of Richmond, that the regulations of the Trustees of the Free School in the said city, have been established on liberal and just principles, whereby many poor children of both sexes have received at the said school, such advantages in the acquirements of their education, as to encourage a strong belief that great utility will result from a continuance of the institution.
CITY OF RICHMOND, IN COMMON HALL, July 24, 1804. IT appearing to the Common Hall of the City of Richmond, that the regulations of the Trustees of the Free School in the said city, have been established on liberal and just principles, whereby many poor children of both sexes have received at the said school, such advantages in the acquirements of their education, as to encourage a strong belief that great utility will result from a continuance of the institution.
Mediterranean Passports. NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States.
Mediterranean Passports. NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States.
The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazette twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices.
The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazette twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices.