The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1807-07-28 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE.....AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
VOLUME 4.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, JULY 28, 1807.
[NUMBER 23.]
VIRGINIA BANK STOCK.....101.
Richmond Prices Current.
Table with 2 columns: Item, Price. Items include TOBACCO, WHEAT, NEW, FLOUR-SUPERFINE, NEW, FINE, CORN, PER BARREL, BACON PER lb., BAR IRON-PER TON, HEMP-PER TON, WHISKEY-PER GALLON.
FOR LONDON. The full sailing American Ship, AMERICA, CAPT. DE COSTA...
Sales at Auction.
ON WEDNESDAY, the 29th inst. will positively be sold, on the premises, for Cash, TWO NEW BRICK TENEMENTS...
At a meeting of the citizens of Northumberland county, held at their Court-House, on the 13th of July, 1807, for the purpose of taking into consideration the late attack of the British ship of war Leopard...
Resolved, That the citizens of Northumberland, being solemnly impressed with these truths, have been penetrated with feelings of inexpressible indignation...
Resolved, That the President of the United States, ever mindful of our rights and dignity, and willing to avert the present crisis, by his early and constant endeavors...
The address of a number of the inhabitants of the county of Northumberland, in the state of Virginia, to the President of the United States.
of our government. To them, we think it a fit occasion to address ourselves, as well as to express our confidence and attachment...
Post experience of the character of the adversary we are likely to encounter, justifies our belief, that one of the first instruments of mischief, of which he would avail himself, is that, which is unhappily interwoven in the population of the more southern states.
On the motion of Thomas D. Downing, Resolved, That a copy of the proceedings of this meeting, be forthwith transmitted, by their chairman, to the chairman of the corresponding committee of Richmond.
At a meeting of the citizens of Brunswick, to the number of about 500, at the Court-House, on the 18th inst. for the purpose of taking into consideration the late hostile attack of a British squadron...
At a numerous meeting of the citizens of Campbell County, convened at their court house, on the 13th day of July, 1807.
At a meeting of the inhabitants of the county of Matthews, on Monday the 13th July 1807, at the Court House, for the purpose of expressing their sentiments, on the late outrage committed by the British ship of war Leopard...
Resolved, That the long course of outrage, injury and insult, we have received from the British government and its agents, for the redress and prevention of which, we have resorted in vain to the mild and rational expedient of negotiation...
Resolved, That the late outrage, committed by the British squadron, under the command of Commodore Douglas, on a single unspotted frigate of the United States, the Chesapeake...
Resolved, That it is a duty, which the Federal government owes to its national character and dignity, to wage unceasing war against Great Britain, until we have obtained the most ample atonement and reparation for the outrages and injuries aforesaid.
Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting, be tendered to the President of the United States, for his early and constant endeavors to avert the present crisis...
Resolved, That the late outrage, committed by the British squadron, under the command of Commodore Douglas, on a single unspotted frigate of the United States, the Chesapeake, was an insult against the American sovereignty and the American flag...
Afterwards, by motion, Richard Feild and Ebenezer M. Robertson, were added to the corresponding committee.
Signed on behalf of the meeting, RICHARD FEILD, Chairman.
Teste, E. M. ROBERT, Secretary.
COMMUNICATION. We are happy in noticing upon this occasion, the orderly conduct of the citizens, and that the greatest unanimity prevailed amongst so large a concourse during the proceedings of the day.
After the committee had withdrawn, Mr. E. M. Robertson said he would employ a few of the intervening moments, by briefly addressing the company. He took a concise view of the prosperity of the United States, of the great blessings of a free and independent representative government...
At a meeting of the inhabitants of Buckingham county, at the court-house, the 13th day of July, 1807, for the purpose of expressing the public sentiment on the late daring, base & unprecedented outrage committed on the U. S. frigate Chesapeake...
Resolved, That the late outrage, committed by the British squadron, under the command of Commodore Douglas, on a single unspotted frigate of the United States, the Chesapeake, was an insult against the American sovereignty and the American flag...
Resolved, That the long course of outrage, injury and insult, we have received from the British government and its agents, for the redress and prevention of which, we have resorted in vain to the mild and rational expedient of negotiation...
Resolved, That the late outrage, committed by the British squadron, under the command of Commodore Douglas, on a single unspotted frigate of the United States, the Chesapeake, was an insult against the American sovereignty and the American flag...
Resolved, That it is a duty, which the Federal government owes to its national character and dignity, to wage unceasing war against Great Britain, until we have obtained the most ample atonement and reparation for the outrages and injuries aforesaid.
Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting, be tendered to the President of the United States, for his early and constant endeavors to avert the present crisis...
Resolved, That the late outrage, committed by the British squadron, under the command of Commodore Douglas, on a single unspotted frigate of the United States, the Chesapeake, was an insult against the American sovereignty and the American flag...
deepest abhorrence and indignation, the late unwarranted, cowardly, and assassin-like attack made on our frigate the Chesapeake, by her British Majesty's ship of war, the Leopard, in time of profound peace.
Resolved, That as Americans we feel as freemen; that commerce and wealth, with all their pomp and luxury, we willingly sacrifice at the shrine of liberty; and are therefore prepared to meet all consequences in its defence.
Resolved, That we view the base and cowardly attack, and murder of our fellow-citizens on board the Chesapeake, as an outrage and an attack on our liberties, our constitution and our government, by an insulting and injudicious foe; and that we consider the transaction as flowing from the faction and authority of the British government.
Resolved, That we will pledge our lives and our fortunes in support of those measures which shall be adopted by the constituted authorities, for the preservation of our liberties, or which may be adopted, as necessary measures of revenge and retaliation.
Resolved, That we consider the British government as base, corrupt, and unprincipled; that it has arrived at the summit of iniquity, in violating our neutral rights, trampling under foot and clamping at its own caprice, the law of nations, impressing our seamen, robbing our citizens, by plundering of millions of our property at sea without pretext...
Resolved, That we approve with the warmest emotions, the spirited conduct of our fellow-citizens of Norfolk, Portsmouth and Hampton; and only lament, that they were not able to destroy the whole of the British squadron.
Resolved, That the committee of Norfolk Portsmouth, and Richmond, have our thanks for the promptitude with which they have acted.
Resolved, That the volunteer companies of Richmond and Petersburg, deserve the most hearty thanks of this meeting, for the zeal with which their services were offered in defence of their injured country, and the alacrity with which they obeyed the commands of our Executive.
Resolved, That a copy of these proceedings and resolutions, be immediately forwarded to the President of the United States by the chairman of this meeting; and that a copy be also forwarded to the editors of the several Gazettes in Richmond, another to the chairman of the corresponding committee of that city.
Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting be returned to the chairman, for the impartial manner in which he has discharged the duties of his office.
CHARLES YANCEY, Chairman. Teste, ROLLING BRANCH, Secretary.
At a meeting of the inhabitants of the county of Matthews, on Monday the 13th July 1807, at the Court House, for the purpose of expressing their sentiments, on the late outrage committed by the British ship of war Leopard, of fifty guns, under the command of Capt. Humphreys, within the view and under the cover of three other British ships of war...
Resolved, That the patriotic conduct of our fellow citizens of Norfolk and Hampton is highly approved by this meeting, and that the resolutions entered into by them with the other states in the union, meet our approbation and merit the thanks of their fellow-citizens in general.
Resolved, That we pledge our lives and fortunes to support the administration in any measures they may adopt to obtain redress for the outrage committed upon our national honor, in the cowardly and unmanly attack made upon the Chesapeake as aforesaid...
Resolved, That the proclamation issued by the President of the United States prohibiting any intercourse between our citizens and the ships of war, and other commissioned armed vessels of the kingdom of Great Britain, and prohibiting the use of our harbours, and waters to the said ships, merit our approbation; and like all other acts of his, in the administration of our government, deserve our unanimous support and highest confidence; and that if any citizen of the United States...
should be so depraved as to violate or obstruct the operation of the said proclamation in all its provisions, that he shall be held in all our confidence or of the government that protects him.
Resolved, That the foregoing resolutions be forwarded to the President of the United States, the Governor of Virginia, the corresponding committee of Norfolk and Portsmouth, and be published in the Richmond Enquirer and the news-papers printed in the Borough of Norfolk.
Signed, ARMISTEAD SMITH, Chairman. JAMES H. ROY, Sec'y.
Europe.
BOSTON, July 15.
LATEST FROM FRANCE.
The Belle, Captain Felt, has arrived at Salem from Bordeaux, and, as we learn, has papers to the 26th, containing army affairs to the 8th, and the 73d No. of the French Grand Army Bulletin. The latest papers have not reached this town.
(From French papers received at Salem.)
NURMBERG, May 4.—We are informed that the Russians have entirely fled in their attempt upon Canada. They were repulsed with great loss.
COPENHAGEN, May 6.—The Danish rebels left the mouth of the Vistula on the 18th of May. The French batteries and terrible execution in Dantzig. The inhabitants were not able to extinguish the fires as they were killed in different parts of the city.
FRANKFORT, May 14.—By letters from Hamburg, we learn that the King of Sweden is about to negotiate with France for a separate peace. One of their most able Generals, Count de Wreden, is to be sent into Pomerania, to meet a French Plenipotentiary, and peace between these two powers, is considered as very near.
DUEL.
BETWEEN SIR F. BURDETT AND MR. PAUL.
On Saturday morning, the 31st of May, a meeting took place between these Gentlemen, in consequence of a misapprehension which arose respecting the promise made by Mr. Paul to have been made by Sir F. Burdett, to preside at the dinner of the former Gentleman's friends, at the Crown and Anchor, on Friday, and which was positively denied by Mr. Burdett, who attended the meeting on purpose to read letters from his brother, Sir Francis, in which he disclaimed the promise attributed to him by Mr. Paul.
A London paper of the 5th of May, says—“that Sir Francis Burdett was yesterday pronounced out of danger, and that Mr. Paul was still in a most painful state.” The ball passed clear through the boot, and in its way divided the principle bone of the leg. He passed the night of Sunday in a considerable degree of pain, although great quantities of laudanum were administered. He had about an hour's troubled repose yesterday morning.
Domestic.
BOSTON, July 16.
Melancholy loss of the Schooner Charles, of Portland. Letters from Portland, received in town, inform, that the late Charles, capt. Adams, of Portland, bound from this port, for Portland, in a thick fog, ran on a reef of rocks, Richmond's Island, near Portland light house, on Sunday evening—when the female made a fair breach over her; and out of twenty-two passengers on board, fifteen were lost! Among the persons drowned whose names have reached us, are the following:—Capt. Adams and wife; (Capt. A. with three men, got on shore, about two o'clock, but as soon as he was on shore, he was seized with a fit, and endeavored to regain the wreck, and was lost.) Mrs. Richards of...

Portland, and her two children (Mr. R. her husband was saved); Mr. Josiah Hayden's wife and child; a sister of Mr. Richards, from Dedham; and Mr. Eleazar Ally Jenks, of Portland. Mr. Jenks had labored himself to the shroud, but died in that position, and was found hanging to them. Mr. Sidney Thaxter, one of the passengers, arrived at Portland at 9 o'clock, Monday morning, and states, that he left 6 persons clinging to the shrouds, 4 men, 1 woman and a boy. These are all the names and particulars that we have been able to obtain.
An unhappy accident took place at Woburn, on Tuesday last, in the act of raising a large frame house belonging to Maj. Clap. The timbers were nearly all placed and the rafters laid to the ridge pole, but not being properly secured below, the whole frame gave way, and enclosed in its ruins, every person employed on the building. Two men, a Mr. Richardson and a Mr. Sims, were taken out dead, and eighteen badly wounded: one of them we understand, is since dead.
NEW-YORK, July 21.
Yesterday afternoon between the hours of 2 and 3, an immense concourse of people assembled on the Battery, to witness Mr. Fulton's experiment in blowing up ships of war by machinery. The experiment was made on a brig of 200 tons, but failed; it was repeated again about 5 o'clock; the explosion took place, but was not near enough to do any damage. The 3d experiment was made 10 minutes before 7, and took effect. To a spectator on the Battery, the first object discernible was a volume of smoke which rose from the middle of the vessel, the mainmast was thrown up, and in less than a minute she sunk to the bottom.
With respect to the utility of Mr. Fulton's plan, we are extremely doubtful. We understand that Mr. Fulton some time since submitted his plan to the English government, and afterwards to Bonaparte, but without success.
A Montego-Bay paper of June 20, (per the Lord Sheffield) says, "The ship Alexander, Atkins, in 32 days from Madeira, arrived yesterday. When she sailed Sir Samuel Hood, with 5 sail of the line, was at Madeira."
At a meeting of the masters of vessels at Charleston, on the 10th inst. they agreed to address the President of the U. S. offering to their country their professional service in any way that may be deemed most useful; and their assurances, that they are at all times ready to sacrifice their lives and property, in avenging any indignities offered their country; and in supporting our just rights as an independent nation.
NEW-BURPORT, July 17.
We learn by the master of an eastern sloop, which arrived last Monday, the following particulars; for their correctness we cannot vouch—the eastern papers are silent on the subject.
That an English privateer of 15 guns, from St. Johns, had come into the jurisdiction of the U. S. at a place called Snug Cove, near Pasaquoddy, where lay a coasting vessel belonging to Hartsport, Capt. Merriman. An officer and men from the privateer came on board Captain M. and in an insolent manner ordered him to call his people on deck (they being below fearing the intention of the privateersmen) which Capt. M. refused. The officer said he would be damned if he did not have some of them; he then proceeded to open the hatch, at which instant the Americans below shot him if he attempted to descend they would shoot him. Not regarding the caution, he was about to effect his purpose, when the men below, as good as their word, let drive, and shot three balls through him, when he fell instantaneously dead. How the affair terminated our informant does not know.
At a meeting of the Ship-Masters, now in the port of Baltimore, at Pumphill's Hotel, the 20th July, it was unanimously resolved, That the following address to the President of the United States, be signed by such patriotic shipmasters as choose to volunteer their professional services to their country, and that the same shall remain at the Hotel two days for those who choose to sign it—at which time it shall be by the Chairman forwarded to the Executive of the U. States.
To the President of the U. States,
SIR,
Indignant at the late outrage and murder, committed by a British man of war, on the crew of the United States' ship Chesapeake, we the undersigned mariners of the Port of Baltimore, respectfully beg leave to tender our professional services, to be employed in such manner as you may conceive most useful; pledging ourselves, as we hereby solemnly do, to contribute all in our power towards avenging the cowardly murder of our feasting brethren.
THORNDICK CHASE, Chairman.
TIMOTHY GARDNER, Sec'y.
July 21.
At this crisis, when foreign supplies may be diminished or cut off, and when the loss of our produce may be hastily prevented, it is necessary for the American grain and fruit growers to remember, that our own distillers and brewers will consume their grain and fruit in liquors. The American spinners and weavers will employ our wool, cotton, flax, hemp and silk. The smiths will employ our iron, the hatters will use our furs. The shoemakers, saddlers, and workers in leather, will employ our hides, skins, and tanned leather. The printers will employ our paper, our rags, and our type metal. In short, American manufactures will support our agriculture, and will rise upon the ruin of the manufacturers of England. The mass of the British navy will be fed for a few months with property taken against law—taken by sea robbery—by palpable piracy from our country. But the English manufacturers, ship-owners, and planters, will meet ruin. This madness of Great Britain will advance American agriculture and manufactures in a degree which could not have been expected.
(Pres.)
The British supplies from their northern provinces, and their North American fisheries, will be cut off in the event of a war; for we shall find it as expedient as it will be easy to take those colonies. The coal mines of the northern British colonies, which we shall certainly acquire, will give immense activity to our manufactures. They will be worth the expences of the war in their favorable consequences upon the industry and employment of our poor and of our towns. The American seacoast wants much of the North American British colonies. We ought to have those great coal bills, those plentiful magazines of fuel, which Providence has benignly intended for the use of the American people. The distant kingdom of Great Britain shall no longer frustrate the goodness of Providence to us, by acting like the dog in the manger, who kept the hay from the generous ox, which the barking cur could not eat himself. We have two modes of destroying the weight and influence of British commerce and manufacture: one is to reduce them by keeping back
our raw materials and other supplies; the other is by not using their fabrics, and not employing their shipping. Let us take none of their rum: let us take none of their East-India cotton, silks and silk goods: let us take none of their manufactures; let us exclude their shipping: let us take the seats of their fisheries: let us take and open the British American colonies; and even let us hold no intercourse with nations, that hold any intercourse with England, if it be useful or necessary. Excluded from the European and American continents, they will have time to ascertain the folly of this wanton wicked war.
The Enquirer.
RICHMOND,>RICHMOND, 28th July.
We ought not to attach the slightest degree of credit to Mr. Erskine's disavowal of the conduct of Commodore Douglas, as unauthorised by the British government. Nor at the same time do I mean by this assertion to impeach the veracity of Mr. Erskine as a man; because the act may be authorised by the king, the head of the government, and the Premier himself, and much more probably, foreign ministers and the subordinate members of the administration, ignorant of it: This is presumed to be the situation of affairs at present. Mr. Erskine's instructions may be the most pacific, conciliatory and amicable, and therefore he felt himself bound to declare the conduct of Commodore Douglas unauthorised by his government, at the same time that George III, the most wicked and perfidious prince that ever dishonored a throne, may in his secret soul, and through the instrumentality of humble agents, meditate and carry into execution, the imprisonment and murder of our seamen. That such is the fact, is rendered almost certain by the uniform conduct of this most despicable of monarchs, this methodically mad fool.
Not long after George III came to the throne, the Spanish colonies in South America formed a plan to declare themselves independent and establish a free government. They had their agents in Spain, who entrusted the commencement of the enterprise to a discontented French nobleman, the Marquis D'Aubereide, then in the service of Spain, who had been promised the government of Louisiana and disappointed. The Frenchman embraced the proposal with ardour and repaired to Great Britain. He laid his plan before the minister for foreign affairs, offering for a certain length of time to the British government, the exclusive commerce of the Spanish colonies and a loan from the Jesuits of 15,000,000 sterling, at 3 per cent; for all which, the government of Great Britain were to do nothing more than acknowledge their independence, and protect their own commerce to the Spanish colonies. It was immediately perceived by the English minister that nothing could be more to the advantage of his country, and accordingly he gave the agent every assurance of support and co-operation. But when the business was laid before the King, he did not enter so readily into the scheme, though he affected to approve of it—for what diabolical purpose, will be presently seen. The agent for the Spanish colonies and the British minister had frequent conferences, but the secret royal will always threw some obstacle in the way to prevent their closing upon any specific, definite plan of operations. The whole scheme and all persons engaged in it were, however, laid open to the minister, and of course to the king, who, to preserve appearances, granted the marquis a pension and requested him to send for his family. These arrangements made, the king, by his secret agents, informed the king of Spain that his subjects in South America meditated a rebellion, and intended to declare themselves a free and independent nation; he likewise informed him of all persons engaged in the design. These were condemned by the Spanish government to the mines, where they have no doubt long since perished miserably. And as for the French nobleman, mark his fate! His pension is stopped, his creditors are let loose upon him, and his person is thrown into the King's Bench Prison, where he also would have perished miserably had not Lord Chatham by the secret agency of Alderman Sayre, sent him to France! The annals of tyranny, the chronicles of despotism, do not record any thing more hateful and perfidious. The atrocities of a Nero or a Caligula will not compare with this wanton, causeless, unprovoked perpetration of treachery and baseness. For this, however, some have supposed he might quiet his conscience by the consideration, that it would induce the king of Spain to admire his sense of honor, and display in return his gratitude and the honor peculiar to his nation, by refraining from acknowledging the independence of his colonies, which he was at that very time labouring to force them to claim. The case of the marquis D'Aubereide to the time of his confinement in the King's Bench Prison, is taken from his printed memorial delivered to every member of the House of Lords, a copy of which Lord Dunmore permitted to be reprinted in hand bills, and an abridgment of it was printed in Purdie's and Dixon's Gazette, Williamsburg, hoping to throw the failure of the plan on Lord Shelburne. But Dunmore's secretary, capt. Foy, knew more of the secrets of the British king than he did, and it was supposed bought up and destroyed, and borrowed by proper agents of those who had bought a few, every copy of the memorial. There can be no doubt but what Miranda has been betrayed by George III in the same manner, after endeavouring to fix the suspicion of Spain that he was assisted by the U. States. Such has been the conduct of George III, whenever he has had it in his power; and he has had the cunning too, with all his insanity, to throw the blame of his invisible machinations on his ministers. In conformity with his constant perfidy, his secret instructions unknown to his ministers at home and abroad, are frequently, (always when he has any base purpose to serve,) in express contradiction to those that have been advised by his council and adopted by his ministry. From this crooked policy his ministers often find themselves involved in difficulties for which they are not prepared, because they could not anticipate from any orders of their own, the events that produce them. I think, therefore, that it may be presumed, without any violence done to probability, that the conduct of Humphreys has been authorised, even should the act be disavowed by the ministry of England themselves; and that we shall have a war with Britain, although the whole nation & the ministry may be averse to it, because such is the will of a single individual in his second childhood. Upon the subject of secret instructions, I will subjoin an extract published in March last, which recites some facts that have occurred in our own state while under the British government, and since that period. They are in the memory of some now living, and were communicated by a gentleman who was a member of our colonial government before, and has been since the revolution. The present attack of George III on the United States, is intended to turn the attention of his people from his late conduct respecting his new ministry, and the abominable peculations into which the late parliament were making such
bold enquiries. His disastrous wars on the continent of Europe require too, that he should turn the attention of his subjects to some other quarter, and he has therefore resolved to force America into a war with him.
"Our vessels and seamen are subject to the capricious will of the British king; often, no doubt, expressed to the willing tools of his power through a secret channel, which conveys royal instructions, such as the ostensible ministers would not sanction, and which are therefore never entrusted to them. Young captains in the navy who are proud of the royal families, and who long for promotion, or pensions, receive through this secret channel, orders which have been productive of so much vexation to our seamen, and destruction of our commerce. These secret instructions were supposed to be first illued by the king to the governor of his colonies, about the time that he was urging the colonists to complain, and as Burke expressed it, was "GOADING them into resistance." For lord Botetourt, the governor of Virginia, having been convinced, that the acts of Parliament of which the colonies had complained, were oppressive, and unconstitutional, honestly through that channel exerted his influence to prevail on the king to consent that those acts should be repealed, and the taxation of the colonies by the Parliament, should be forever abandoned.—The royal assurance of compliance, or rather, an assurance that this was the royal sentiment and intention was conveyed to lord Botetourt, which he eagerly communicated to the General Assembly, who being better acquainted with G. the 3d, than his honest unsuspecting governor was, although he had been a lord of his bed chamber, did not rely on the royal promise, but thanked the governor for the communication, & gave him credit for his good wishes, although they could not for his Sigeracy.—That these instructions did not come through the usual public ostensible channel of conveyance, was evident, because, the British ministry openly ridiculed lord Botetourt's communication of them to the assembly, and in the mean time, the king had the address to let the odium of a partial repeal of the obnoxious acts, fall in America on the ministers and his Parliament, and to let the act which was sent to lord Botetourt as fully complying with his promise to the General Assembly, & which he believed was the very act America wished for, till the fly sentence was shewn him, which retained the duty on foreign Paper, Paint, Glass and Tea, and non-ally confessed to him that the act was but a delusion, and had retained as he supposed, from the first mention of a repeal it would, what the Parliament never intended to give up. I say the king had the address to let this act appear in England, and in America, as a proof that the taxation of the colonies by the Parliament, was a favourite object of the parliament. By which means his favourite project of taxing and subjugating the colonies, was rendered in some degree popular in Britain, whilst he retained his popularity in the colonies; where, until they were forced to renounce their allegiance to him, his fleets and armies which were laying waste our coasts, burning our houses, and butchering our people, were called the MINISTERIAL fleets and armies and his health was drank in a bumper with the addition of 'may he soon find better ministers.' The truth is, that the finding good or better ministers was of no consequence. He who would not comply with the royal will, was speedily removed to make place for one who would. There ought to be no doubt that the late Mr. Pitt was fincerely disposed to do all the patriotic things, to make the parliamentary reform, &c. which he had promised, but that he could not gain the royal assent: and undoubtedly Mr. Fox was as intent upon fulfilling his promise as a y man could possibly be—but he, too late found that he could do nothing contrary to the royal will. The resignation of a minister, or the call of a new parliament has never altered the case, except in an extremity: As when it was necessary to acknowledge the independence of his revolted colonies, to save his West-India Islands, and Canada, and his armies then in Charleston and New-York, &c. which would have been overwhelmed by the reinforcements which were ready to sail from Cadiz with seventy sail of the line and twenty thousand excellent troops on board, bound to join a fleet and army in the West-Indies, which were already superior to the British forces there, but which, after the defeat of De Grafs, were prudently directed to wait for such an effectual reinforcement as should ensure decisive victories. The whole combined fleets of France and Spain were on the point of sailing from Cadiz, when the British government found an immediate acknowledgment of our independence, could alone prevent their ruin in America. In this case, the royal will yielded to a serious demand of national interest. Again, it yielded to the wish of the nation when it longed for peace, and threatened in fact Bonaparte's threatened invasion. The royal will, to avoid a revolution, yields to evident immediate state necessities, and the best whigs in England, and the most virtuous patriots upon all other occasions, find it the interest of their country to yield to the will of their sovereign, although they see and feel its pernicious effects, for they have no remedy but in a recourse to arms, and a revolution from which they expect greater evils than any which the errors and tyranny of their king can produce.—The late revolution in France has certainly rendered it prudent and patriotic to submit to the will of their king, destructive as it is.
As to the channel of secret instructions, there was great reason to believe that the order to the governors of the colonies, to seize on the powder and arms in every colony on the day on which the attempt for that purpose was made at Lexington and Concord, came through that channel, as governor Eden, of Maryland, laughed at it, telling some of his friends that he had received such a silly order, but the people might take the ammunition for their defence against any insurrection of slaves, lighting, it may be supposed, silly instructions coming through a dirty conveyance, and at the same time gaining popularity, and actually killing Maryland into a state of security, from which they were not roused till by Lord Hillsborough's intercepted letter to governor Eden, it was discovered that though Eden had disregarded those secret unofficial instructions, he had stated his conduct, and the reasons for it, in such a manner as to receive that minister's highest approbation; in consequence of which discovery, and an attempt to seize on him, he made his escape to Lord Dunmore's fleet, then just driven from Gwynn's Island. Through that channel, came, we may suppose, Lord Dunmore's orders to shut the land office (as he did to his own great loss of fees on patents) in violation of the king's own proclamation, & an act of assembly sanctioned by his assent thereto; the instructions to invite our slaves by a promise of freedom, to repair to the royal standard; the instructions to British officers in the Jerseys "to take no prisoners;" that is to give no quarters; the instruction to Sir Guy Charlton, not to deliver up the negro slaves which he had honorably, in compliance with the treaty, offered to deliver up, and had called on Gen. Washington to appoint commissioners to receive the instructions to hold the posts contrary to the treaty of peace were all conveyed through that same secret channel.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
Reflections relating to an interview between the United States and the nations of Europe.
The foregoing illustrations have naturally led us to inquire into the policy and conduct of the governments of Europe. Every one who unites in his own character, political knowledge and sound patriotism, will perceive that we ought to cultivate, not only justice, but a social and friendly intercourse with each of those nations. There are, it is true, some Goliaths, more chimerical than politicians, who pretend to believe, and sometimes vehemently assert, that the United States ought not to have any intercourse or take the smallest interest in the concerns or events of Europe, but they are so few in number, and their capricious notions have so little influence, that they do not deserve more serious notice.
The interests, feelings, habits and inclinations of every man of common sense, are so much opposed to these fancies, that a serious reply might seem to give an importance where nothing ought to be excited, but pity, contempt or ridicule. Our prosperity & happiness are, and will be, essentially connected with the affairs and concerns of Europe: as long as we regard the attributes of civilization. It is therefore wise, to examine every event, and every project of the most powerful nations, not by the temporary effect of passion or prejudice, but by their ultimate consequences; not by the restrictions or changes which may be introduced by treaties or battles, but by the general influence, upon our own commercial, political and social interests. Amid the great concerns of the eastern hemisphere, while the fate of nations seems suspended on the chance of battles; while the earth seems to thirst for human blood and to yawn for slaughtered millions; we cannot view the great theatre or contemplate the passing scenes without emotions, without fears, without hopes, not merely the fate of those arrayed in the murderous conflict, but myriads yet unborn, may either deplore or rejoice in the events of a single day.
While our minds are thus agitated with alternate hopes and fears; while men equally virtuous, wise, humane and patriotic, are led by opposite desires, as relates to the European war, we are often roused by particular incidents, which effect our immediate concerns, and feelings. From the many which have occurred, and daily happen, two only will be at this time selected. One of these relates to the treaty with Great Britain, (meaning that which was lately returned) the other, to our commerce with France, and the dependencies of that power. Both of these deserve much more notice, than, at this time, can be afforded in the columns of a news paper: yet as much ought to be said, as will show their influence and importance to the United States. This brings us to consider an important fact.
Mr. Forbes the American Consul at Hamburg, says, "that a regulation has been made by the French Marshall Brune, relating to foreign trade, and promising protection to neutrals. Such as arrive from the United States, unless they have touched in England, will be admitted to an unexamined entry." This liberal and conciliating policy has been so generally pursued by the French government, that it is a matter of great surprise: indeed, why so many American Editors of papers, public writers and politicians, ever devoted themselves to bring about a connexion with Great Britain, other than that which was necessary for our commercial rights and interests. What ought to be asked or expected from France more liberal than is contained in the foregoing quotation? It is likely that some sophisticated and jesuitical answers will be given to this question. It will, perhaps be said, that this is only a lure; that France promotes her own views by the appearance of justice; that she is entirely faithless, and that therefore, we should avoid her meritorious devices. To such stuff as this, a very simple proposition may be made. Shall a man quarrel with his just and liberal neighbor, because some discontented and malignant busy-body whispers in his ear, that the exterior conduct, which he approves, is the result of a letted device, that will one day burst with destructive violence; and shall he, to avoid these imaginary artifices, commit his fortune and happiness to a rapacious oppressor, who, not only, does not conceal his designs, but builds up his own importance upon their rigid execution; who treats his neighbors, and all that belongs to them, as vassals, and things over which he has a right to exercise collateral and indirect claims? This is a case in point. The conduct of France, so far from being offensive, deserves our warmest approbation. The conduct of Great Britain is not only insulting but injurious to our dearest rights and interests. Nothing can be more evident. Let the examples of Whitby, Love and Humphreys suffice; and yet we have been invited to withdraw all confidence; all friendly intercourse from France, and embark in the quarrel with Great Britain, at a time when even her exilance as a nation, is jeopardized, when the interior distress of the country is such, that hundreds of thousands are reduced to indigence and beggary.
If the patriots of the United States would seriously reflect upon these important matters, they would with one voice, and by a general and irresistible effort make those impressions upon the public mind, which are necessary for prosperity, happiness and national repose.
Let the reader cast his eye upon the map of Europe, and examine the statistical accounts, which relate to each country: He will find that although, every allowance may be made for British valor, enterprize and nautical skill, still the great superiority in all the resources for war, will demonstrate that Great Britain will be obliged, either to surrender her unjust pretensions by a voluntary act of the government, or endanger, and perhaps lose, her national existence. It is difficult for a liberal American defended from British ancestry to bring himself to view the last of these propositions with composure; but what are the admonitions of Justice; what are the facts? Does not the government of Great Britain claim a superiority, a pre-eminence upon the ocean which not only injures but degrades all nations which submit to them? France will not submit, and France, it is most likely, soon will have the means to enforce her own rights, and free the commercial world from oppressive fetters. The government of France, declares that it looks only to procure and guarantee the freedom of the seas, and until we have proof to the contrary, surely France deserves, not only our confidence, but our gratitude and applause; France, it is true, may deceive us, but will it be possible, in that case, to offer greater insults, or inflict, greater injuries than those which have been perpetrated by Britain?
The other article worthy of consideration, relates to the treaty with Great Britain now pending, with respect to this subject, or the influence of the president's conduct, upon the British Cabinet; we have not had an opportunity of forming a satisfactory opinion; but sundry extracts of letters from London, manifest the same haughty imperious tone, which has long been the subject of complaint, and has led to serious injuries. One of these writers asks, when the Americans expect to obtain from Great Britain, more favourable terms; to this, several answers may be given viz: When the internal distress of that misguided government shall force them to seek foreign friendship; when the Russian armies cease to threaten the rest of Europe, with vandalism and desolation; when all the maritime powers and countries of continental Europe, have formed a general commercial and federative compact, guaranteeing the freedom of the seas and the rights of just and legitimate commerce. When all the naval power of these populous and powerful regions from the Baltic to the Levant, shall unite and break down that tyranny, which has been long practised, and is still asserted by the British Rulers.
Has it not been already demonstrated, that the war in Europe, was not only fomented, but supported by the British Rulers? Have not the inhabitants, from the extremes of Europe and Asia, been arrayed against each other by British gold, and in support of British projects? On one side the maritime pre-eminence of Great Britain is asserted as a jus qua non: on the other it is pertinaciously denied. It is impossible that both parties can be in the right, and it behoves men of honor and honesty, to examine the merits of the respective pretensions. The rulers of Great Britain attempt to support their pretensions, by
the most plausible excuses and sophisticated arguments; and likewise by the superiority of their navy. These pretensions are not only at war with the attributes of reason and common sense, but are opposed by France and her allies, and denied by the United States. It is in support of these pretensions, that the British, at this time, wage and threaten to wage, an implacable war with all nations who do not passively submit.
The press of England, have long groaned with publications upon this subject. It would be an endless task to attempt to refute them all. The work entitled "War in Disguise," has been already noticed. The writer of that work, has treated the subject with great ingenuity; satisfied that his cause could not stand upon a question of justice; he has endeavored to fortify it by collateral arguments: He has attempted to arraign fears and to excite prejudices—and thus to assail the passions instead of reason.
Notwithstanding these powerful abettors, it has turned out, that the spirit which now prevails in the United States, among all classes and with all parties, will soon convince the British rulers that the day of irritation, prejudice and delusion have passed away. The causes of the present European war, will be more coolly examined; and we shall also take into consideration, the many unprovoked insults and wanton injuries, which have been perpetrated. We have unanimously resolved to support our national rights by the sword.
Corresponding with this spirit and these principles, our government has ordered into service a force far superior to any thing which our foe can oppose to us; and we are ready, heart and hand, to confirm the public order. We have been compelled to shut the doors of peace. Social intercourse and harmony are interrupted; confidence is abolished; our nation, name, flag and character have been insulted; and the great soul of America, bears high for revenge.
When these things are understood in England, the rulers it is likely, will resort to every device for conciliation. They will attempt to close the eyes of the American byx. They will resort to the most soothing and hypocritical expressions. But it will be a mere delusion! The ministers will not dare to displease the King; because from him, they derive their power and honor. They know that he hates the United States, fickle at our prosperity, and will allow nothing to be done in our favour with good faith.
The sword of justice as well as vengeance is now unsheathed. This is the time to demand and enforce our rights. We have been compelled to take a high and honorable attitude. It is the attitude of independence, manliness and firmness. We have ceased, for a while to be a nation of cultivators and dealers. We are now all soldiers. We understand the extent of the manifold acts of injury and injustice, which we have sustained. We are called upon, not only by the voice of our country, but by the understanding of every man of common sense, to enforce our rights, and to guarantee peace and justice for the future. This is not the time to inquire into minor considerations; to calculate the cost of time, or wealth which may accrue to individuals. It is the cause of national honor and general prosperity. It is the cause of all mankind. Let us, therefore, rally round our government, and pledge our lives and fortunes, never to sheath the sword, until the ocean shall be free—that the flag of a free nation shall protect not only the will, but all that it shall contain.
Continental Europe, Asia, Africa and America, will cordially unite in this grand and benevolent covenant, and it will then remain for the rulers of that ill fated people, the British, to determine whether they will, not only separate themselves from all other nations, but, by their future course, compel all others to treat them as the disturbers of the world's peace, and as freebooters and pirates. Is it impossible that the splendid character of Britain, will sink into such a state of degradation? And yet, how can it be otherwise, if they compel all nations, tongues and languages to form a league against them?
For these reasons, let us resolve, yes, firmly resolve, that we will not sheath the sword, until the ocean shall be free; and until the American flag shall protect, not only the will, but all which it may contain.
A CITIZEN OF RICHMOND.
Extract of a letter from an officer in the Virginia Detachment, dated HEAD QUARTERS, Paris, July 27th.
No events of a public and very interesting nature have occurred, since my last letter. Capt. Sheppard and his detachment of Horse, returned to Portsmouth on Saturday night, after they had been replaced by a second detachment under the command of capt. R. Taylor of Norfolk. A third detachment under the command of capt. Bowden of Petersburg, has started this evening to replace capt. Taylor's detachment.
Capt. Sheppard has stated to me a few particulars respecting the capture of the five prisoners which had escaped. Mr. Davis's observation: When asked, whether they were to be considered as prisoners of war, capt. S. replied, that he apprehended them as trespassers upon our territory, agreeably to the President's Proclamation.—The capture of these men is certainly a curious and interesting event. The instructions to capt. S. were extremely general; and did not comprehend this particular case. He was simply instructed by gen. Matthews to carry into force the President's Proclamation; of course leaving it to his own discretion to determine the particular course which that instrument required. The instructions to capt. Taylor are said to have been much more specific, and less discretionary; because drawn out by his own prudent enquiries. If these men were to appear on the shore, carrying off cattle or committing any trespasses upon private property; what should he do in that case?—The answer is said to have been: to resort to any kind of force whatsoever.—Suppose they were simply obtaining water? In that case the detachment were first to order them to depart; and if they refused, then any kind of force, which was adequate to their expulsion, might be employed.
The conduct of capt. Sheppard has met with universal approbation in this part of the country; and what may be more imposing upon some minds, has received the marked and public thanks of the commander in chief. In the general orders issued yesterday, and read to our detachment this morning, gen. Matthews has employed the following expressions:— "The general feels grateful to capt. Sheppard for the correct manner he executed his orders, with the detachment under his command, and begs that capt. Sheppard be communicated to the officers and men who served under him, that the general is highly pleased with their conduct during the execution."
What particular disposition should be made of these men, is a question which has excited a somewhat greater diversity of sentiment. Some are of opinion that they ought to be immediately surrendered to the British commodore; and that if they were to apply for a writ of Habeas Corpus, a magistrate would be immediately bound to grant them one, and to discharge them, because the act of Congress, on which the President's Proclamation is founded, contains no provision for their detention and punishment. Others think that they are to be considered as trespassers upon the U. S. and in that character are liable to some kind of punishment. Others again assert that they are really prisoners of war, and subject to all the incidents accompanying that character. Which of these opinions is really correct, it is impossible for me, ignorant as I am of the laws of my country, even to conjecture. I cannot, however, but apprehend that the case of these men is a casus omisus in the act of Congress; and that while they were contriving punishments

for pilots who should continue to maintain an intercourse with interdicted vessels, and specifying other means for cutting them off from our shores. Congress have completely forgotten the case of men, like these, who were apprehended on our shores. I will venture, however, to suggest another idea; that at any rate, these men ought not to be delivered up, until the fate of the four unfortunate seamen, who were taken from the Chesapeake, has been positively ascertained. Three of these men are known to have been impressed American citizens: of the fourth, there still remains considerable doubt; but surely in the ambiguous state of things which prevails between us and G. B. where we are partly at war, and partly in a state of peace; we ought, if consistent with the usages of nations, to retain these men as a kind of hostage for the preservation of our countrymen. One of these British Midshipmen is said to have declared, that though the observation was intended to convey menace, yet he was confident, if they were not immediately surrendered, the fate of the four seamen in the Chesapeake would be immediately decided. For aught that I know, these men have not yet been demanded. A day or two ago, a boat with a flag of truce was sent into Lynnhaven bay for the purpose, it was supposed, of demanding the boat and not the seamen; but as the officer did not appear in a regular form, as he had no written documents, but only a verbal message, to deliver; their mission was immediately rejected. The destiny of these prisoners therefore, still remains in suspense. Gen. Matthews has dispatched Expresses to the President of the U. S. and to the Governor of Virginia, communicating the intelligence of their capture; and upon the decision of the President may depend their fate.
"It is impossible to ascertain the present state of the British squadron; reports of their force and disposition varying with every hour. It is extremely probable that the Bellona, the Commodore's ship, has returned to Halifax, such being her intention before the attack on the Chesapeake; but that the Leopard has only departed, by way of Guernsey. It seems to be a fact pretty well established, that the Cleopatra has just arrived from Halifax, with dispatches. A gentleman who was in Hampton the night before last informed me that some dispatches had been sent on shore, with an open letter to the first officer who was authorised to receive them. One of these dispatches was addressed to the British Consul; another to Mr. Erskine. The name of this gentleman recalls to mind a conversation which I had with one of the Richmond Troop of Horse, who travelled in the stage with Mr. Erskine from Philadelphia to Washington. Mr. E. was in company with him some time after his arrival from the Chesapeake Bay; and was expressing some fears of its detention by the British Commodore, who had virtually threatened to blockade Norfolk. Mr. E. could not conceal his opinion. He declared that Admiral Berkeley had transcended his powers; and that Commodore Douglas would not dare to execute such a menace. He first promised to give my informant a letter to the Commodore, requesting him to respect his vessel; but he afterwards added, that he would rather not, as even such an application might be considered as an insult, because implying a possibility that the Commodore could be capable of such an act. In what way Douglas would have received such a letter, had he been really determined to detain my friend's vessel, it is unnecessary for me to conjecture. His reception of Mr. Erskine's advice through the hands of Mr. Lee, furnishes a sufficient answer."
"Major Ambler received yesterday a letter from the Governor, by Express, communicating the intelligence, that the Council had thought proper to direct the discharge of our detachment. This information was unconditional and unmodified. Every preparation was making for our departure. What was then our astonishment, when in the course of two hours we were countermanded by Gen. Matthews, in his general orders. No new express had arrived from Richmond; no new dispatches, for aught that any of us knew. It is impossible for us to determine the cause of this unexpected measure; but it is presumed that Gen. Matthews had discretionary directions. Why, if he has this discretion, he should now exercise it, time alone must explain. Some say that he has acted upon the supposition that the Executive Council would themselves countermand us, had they been acquainted with the capture of the five British seamen. Others ascribe it to a rumour which is now in circulation, that several of the British light-armed vessels from Bermuda and Halifax are directed to repair to this station, for the purpose of ascending the Elizabeth River, and executing their hostile designs."
"But I must conclude. The Drum is now beating for our first review by Matthews."
Extract of a letter from the same officer, dated HEAD QUARTERS, Portsmouth, July 25th.
"Gen. Matthews has at length condescended to permit the detachments of Infantry from Richmond and Petersburg to return to their respective homes. His instructions to that effect were conveyed in his general orders of yesterday, in the following terms: "Major Ambler, with the detachment under his command will prepare to march to-morrow at such time, and in such manner as the Major shall direct. From the conduct exhibited by Major Ambler, during the short time he has been engaged in the present tour of duty, the Gen. feels it unnecessary to make any remark on the duties which will devolve on him, or on the present occasion. The General cannot permit this corps to depart, without expressing to the Major, his officers and men, the high sense he entertains of their patriotism, from the promptitude & alacrity with which they flew to arms, and marched to the aid of their fellow citizens. As soldiers, they have submitted to the privations of a military life, in a manner becoming the dignity of citizens of a free state. The General feels no hesitation in declaring as his opinion, that the same zeal which has influenced their conduct on the present occasion, would insure to their country a tender of their services on any future emergency."
"The General's conduct on this occasion has been little calculated to remove the strong prejudices, which were entertained against him. The Governor informed Maj. Ambler in the most unqualified terms, that he had given directions for our discharge. Whom had he directed? Gen. Matthews of course. The presumption then, is that Matthews had received the same unqualified directions; and an officer, high in the confidence of the General was even ingenious enough to insinuate, that he had detained us at his own responsibility; that is, that he had exercised his discretion in a case where none was allowed to him. And for what purpose? Because a crew of five British seamen had subsequently fallen into our hands. Now mark the state of things. It will not be pretended that the capture of these seamen had contributed to increase the force of the squadron, although it might have increased their disposition to annoy us. They had received no subsequent reinforcement. And yet had gen-
Matthews previously assured the Executive Council, that it was useless to detain us; as the detachment from his own Brigade, together with the detachments of Horse from Petersburg and Richmond, were amply sufficient to repel any attack which could be made by the British squadron. The movements of great men are, however, beyond the ken of vulgar minds. I shall leave it to G. M. himself to explain this apparent inconsistency of conduct. It is a theme which is much better adapted to his understanding and taste than to my own. But the same inconsistency marks even the last act of his authority over us. He has obtained no new instructions from the Council on this subject; he has received no censure for this assumption of power: there is no material change in the force of the British squadron, since he has thought proper to countermand us; when lo! Gen. Matthews has countermanded his own determination. To what cause this new revolution in his bosom is owing; unless it be to the remonstrances of our major or the humane representations of our surgeon, Dr. Adams; it is impossible for my vulgar mind to conjecture. Such, however, is the dispensation of fate; and like good soldiers, it is our duty to submit. "The Lord giveth; and the Lord taketh away; and blessed be the name of the Lord."
"The short experience, which I have gleaned from my short tour, amply convinces me that our present military system is defective. It is not my purpose, nor indeed is it within my abilities to point out all those defects. The most experienced commander in all the vicissitudes of a ten years campaign, is alone competent to such a task. But a few deflatory sketches may serve to illustrate my position."
"Steuben's Military Exercises" is the textbook for soldiers in this country. It was sanctioned by a resolution of Congress in '79; and has ever since that time, been used as our military manual. It is strictly pursued by all the Brigade-Inspectors in Virginia; put into the hands of all inquisitive officers; and recommended throughout the U. S. as the best compendium of the skill and tactics of Europe. The opinion, however, is extremely erroneous, and may be fatal. Baron Steuben was no doubt an officer of great merit: he was perhaps the best camp-officer, which we possessed during the American war: and his book may contain the best short account extant of the military improvements of his time. But in allowing him this credit, we in fact deduct extremely from the credit of his work. Piny's Natural History is perhaps the best memoir of the knowledge of his own times: but who would therefore prefer him to Buffon or Daubenton? Steuben wrote nearly 30 years ago; and perhaps no period of the same duration was ever productive of so many military improvements. Science had prepared the way for such discoveries. Chemistry had made the most astonishing improvements in the composition of gunpowder; manufactures, in the casting of cannon, in the form and texture of musketry and swords; Mathematics in the science of projection, and the laying out of camps; and even domestic economy, in the preservation and cooking of victuals. The wars of the French Revolution, arose upon the heels of these improvements; and drew forth the latent embryo of scientific discoveries into the full bloom of military practice. These wars put every science under contribution to "drive on the wedge of war." A host of heroes, and tacticians appeared in the French armies, who have perhaps introduced as many discoveries into the art of war, as the experience of the fifty preceding years had elicited. Steuben has been superceded by Bonaparte; and the very date of his "Military Exercises" furnishes a sufficient proof of its errors."
"The country and camp from which he drew his acquisition, is an additional evidence of his inferiority. The Baron de Steuben is said to have been a Prussian; and to have gleaned the principal part of his tactics from the school of the Great Frederic. Perhaps this illustrious prince was the greatest tactician of his times; and his system may have been faithfully handed down to his successors. But it is this very circumstance which may have produced its inferiority. It is in vain that the greatest improvements are made in one country, if the servile imitations of another forcibly exclude them. If you with man or nation to aspire to perfection, you must not "chain the soaring pinion down to earth." Their customs must not be irrevocable like the laws of the Medes and Persians; but with a pliant rigidity of character, must bend to every new discovery, without eternally breaking into pieces. The servile imitation of the Frederician code, is therefore the greatest disadvantage which the Prussians have experienced. It has erected an impenetrable barrier against the latest improvements of France; and the present war has shown the consequences. Let those who doubt the inferiority of the Prussian to the French systems, decide the question on the fields of Pultusk and Golymin."
"Steuben's Military Exercises, are naturally divided into two distinct parts; into the manuel Exercises, as it has been technically called, because the movements of the band have a principal share in the operations; and into the evolutions of an army. The manuel Exercise is the work of one man; the evolutions are only to be performed by a body of men. The first teaches you the art of firing, and of some other little manoeuvres incidental to particular situations; such as saluting your superior officer, securing your arms in case of rain, and so forth. The last instructs us in the art of throwing an army into all the different positions, which are necessary to its security and success: as in encampment, in marching, and particularly in actual engagement."
"A little experience has convinced me of the fallacy of the opinion, which I had embraced, respecting the advantages of the manuel Exercises. I have often asked and some of my inexperienced friends have united in the enquiry; why perform this or that motion? or is it of any advantage in the heat of action? or is not the only object, then, to load and fire as quick as possible? We however completely forgot, that though all these operations may not be of actual use, in an engagement, they may be essentially necessary to teach the ready execution of such as are really employed. They give an ease and alacrity in the handling of the firelock; a kind of command over the instrument you employ; which it is impossible to acquire without some elementary instruction. The recruit, who knows how to throw his gun into every position in which it may be placed, can load & kill with astonishing ease, and expedition. But tho' I have relinquished my prejudices against a manuel system, I am not satisfied that Steuben's Exercise is the most perfect. I am told that the French system is infinitely more expert and expeditions. I have seen one of the members of the Petersburg Republican Blues perform some of those manoeuvres; and they enable the recruit to fire not less than nine times in a minute. Will the connoisseurs in Steuben's system, declare that they can command as many discharges in the same time?"
"On the military evolutions which are taught from Steuben, I shall make but a single remark. That remark, however, strikes my mind with peculiar force. Why teach those various evolutions, unless you understand the purpose to which they are applied? Why teach an army to march or countermarch, to form into divisions, platoons or double file; to wheel or to display; unless the officer is at the same time acquainted with the various situations in which those positions may be called forth? Man should always be taught the rationale of his business. It is peculiarly necessary in military tactics, where these evolutions are so numerous and so complicated. Each particular manoeuvre should be distinctly accompanied by an explanation of its uses. An officer should be taught to know when he is to form his men into platoons; and when into sections; when he is to condense or to display his columns; how he is to draw up when the enemy attacks him at different points; when he is to seize possession of a hill, or when to fortify himself behind a moraine. He should be taught to anticipate the different situations to which his army may be reduced, and the evolutions which he should employ. It is a memorable fact in the lives of great warriors, that nothing has so much contributed to their reputation, as those rapid flashes of mind, which impel them to take the proper position, and extricate them from the unexpected embarrassments which are incident to all armies. Without this kind of information, of what mighty use is the knowledge of all those evolutions? An officer may know how to form every evolution in Steuben, and yet not know even how to perform it. Such a man's gammon; there may be fours, & fives, & fives in it, and yet when he wants a particular throw, it would be the merest accident for him to obtain it."
"It is certainly the duty of the 19 Brigade-Inspectors, who initiate the commissioned officers of our brigades, and through them, the whole of our militia, that sheet-anchor of our national independence, to instruct them in the uses of all these evolutions. It is impossible for me to describe the confusion which I myself have experienced from this source: nor indeed the extreme ignorance which prevails among most of our officers and privates. A very intelligent trooper of the detachment under Captain R. Taylor of Norfolk (by-the-bye one of the best cavalry captains in the state) seriously told me the other day, that when they expected an attack from a British crew, none of his companions knew of the manner in which they should be drawn up, until the arrangement was pointed out by their captain. Why this extreme inattention to the very narrow and substance of military discipline? I have frequently mentioned this defect to several of my companions; but putting the same question to a very intelligent officer, the secret at last came out—There were no such things in Steuben. At least it was a secret to me, who you know, am no very deep proficient in this science of murdering men."
"The Inspector of our detachment who came with us from Richmond, and who has since been made Adjutant-General by Matthews, is Samuel J. Winton, Esq. of whom it is almost impossible for me to speak in terms of moderate eulogium. I knew little of Winton before we left Richmond; but he has been my principal companion during our short campaign, and his heart and manners affited by the circumstances in which I was placed, were strongly calculated to win him round my heart. He is beloved by the whole detachment. Not a man but feels himself won over by the amity of his disposition; and not a man but respects his military skill. We shall leave him behind us, to inspect the detachments at Hampton, Portsmouth and Norfolk. This gentleman has taken particular pains to instruct us in several evolutions; and I cannot but lament, that the profuse rains which have fallen since our arrival at Portsmouth and the shortness of our stay, have intercepted much of that information, which we should undoubtedly have derived from his instructions—Major Winton has frequently wandered from Steuben, to explain to us those evolutions, which he so well knows how to direct."
"The question is, how are these imperfections of our military system, as taught by Steuben, to be remedied? Some have proposed the introduction of the French tactics among us; and an ingenious writer in the Enquirer has lately proposed, that the celebrated Morveau should be invited to compose a system. My own opinion is, that Congress or the next Virginia Legislature should take up this subject; they should appoint a committee to examine the present state of our tactics; and to propose such parts of the French system for our adoption, as may suit the circumstances of our country, and the march of the times. As to Morveau himself, I can scarcely hope, that he could be prevailed upon to undertake the task. If I am correctly informed, perhaps it may be unnecessary. I am told that the celebrated Marshal Ney of the French army, has composed a very valuable treatise on military exercise; in which he not only explains the system of the latest improvements adopted by the French, but draws a parallel between them and the Prussian systems. It is easy to anticipate, to which of these systems he gives the most decided advantage."
"The only officer, whom I have ever seen so well acquainted with the French discipline, as to blend it with Steuben's, is Captain Maurice of Norfolk, captain of the "Norfolk Junior Volunteers." This gentleman is said to be a native of the northern states; but spent several years of his life in France. It has been some time since he left that country; but still retains all his curiosity, to understand her military tactics. He assured me that he receives from France all the new military works which have appeared: It is a pity that most of the officers of our country do not think proper to imitate his example, and to follow up the march of discovery in Europe."
"The greatest defect of our tactics, appears in the condition of our Artillery. No man who has read the wars of the French revolution, can have failed, to see how much their greatest generals and most splendid victories have been indebted to this department, and particularly to the flying Artillery. But let us bring this case home to ourselves. Where shall we most probably be invaded by an enemy? Certainly on the sea-coast, and in our large commercial towns. What are our instruments of defence? A navy of frigates open a very small scale, gun-boats, forts and batteries. But there is not one of these, to which a knowledge in engineering is not essentially necessary. A large foreign armed vessel may enter our harbours; and either bombard our towns into ruins, or perhaps land their marines under the cover of their great guns. Now how are we to resist this species of attack, but by the same species of force, and as great a degree of engineering skill as possible. The more the latter, the less of shell supplies the place of a great quantity of force . Ought not this skill therefore to be acquired? An eighteen pounder may reach an invading vessel point blank a half of a mile and more: but let the object be presented at a somewhat greater distance, and you must reach it by throwing your cannon ball into a curve line. Here then you call in the aid of the doctrine of projectiles, of exact calcu-
lation, and the science of Mathematics. This single case is sufficient to illustrate the necessity of Engineering and Artillery, as applied to our particular situation. Constantinople has lately furnished a case most strongly in point. The Turks possessed as much Ammunition and Artillery, as was necessary to defend their Metropolis; but if they had not been aided by the superior experience of the French officers, most abundantly supplied to them by the sagacious policy of Bonaparte, Constantinople would at this moment have been a heap of ruins, from the balls of Duckworth. Shall we remain Turks in the science of Artillery? Or shall we not adopt every suitable expedient for infusing into our military system, all the improvements of Europe? Among other means, ought not the federal government to establish Schools of Engineering in some of the principal Ports of the U. States?"
GENERAL ORDERS. RICHMOND, July 17th, 1807. THE President of the United States has required of the Executive of the different states, to organise, arm and equip according to law, and hold in readiness to march at a moment's warning, their respective proportions of one hundred thousand militia.
The public prints will have already announced the object of this requisition. Ever since the United States became an independent nation, their uniform policy has been to cultivate peace and good will with all the world. It has been hoped that their just and pacific councils, would have secured to them in return, the blessings of peace and good will from all. Great Britain, however, has found more than one occasion to convince us of the fallacy of this hope. It is need to recite the series of wrongs which she has practised towards us: they live in the memory and resentment of us all. Treaties violated, commerce plundered, our citizens impressed in her service and treated like galley slaves: these are the evidences of her good will and respect for an independent nation. Yet we have borne all, and fought to obtain by peaceful means, that redress which we might justly have exacted at the point of the bayonet. But the measure of insult and of injury, is at length full by the perpetration of an act which has no parallel in the annals of civilized nations. While negotiations are yet going on, while we are lulled into security by a false sense of security, her armed squadrons lie in wait in our waters, fall upon an American vessel of war leaving our harbor, and unprepared for action, murder a part of her crew almost before our faces, nor defer from the havoc until the flag of our nation is dishonoured by submission—then force from her deck four native citizens of America, return to Hampton Roads and in effect blockade the principal commercial town of Virginia. The spirit displayed around the theatre of this bloody outrage, and as far as the report of it has gone over the state, confirms the pleasing assurance that the present men of Virginia are the true sons of '75. Virginia had the honor to stand foremost in the bold and glorious measure which led to our independence: she has now the first opportunity of exhibiting to her sister states a model of that energy with which independence ought to be protected and avenged. The Governor will not say he hopes, because he knows that the will prove herself worthy of the high destination to which she is called.
Whether Great Britain will, of her own accord make that ample atonement for these aggravated injuries which justice demands, and thereby prevent the appeal to arms, is not for us to decide. 'Tis ours to be prepared for every issue: willing to accept, redress if spontaneously offered; but ready to compel if it be withheld.
The Governor therefore in pursuance of the advice of the Council, and in execution of the requisition of the President of the United States, directs 11563 of the Militia of Virginia, being her quota of the detachment required by the President, to be forthwith drafted, organized, armed and equipped according to law, and held in readiness to take the field at a moment's warning. They will consist of the following proportions of Artillery, Cavalry, Riflemen and Infantry viz:
Artillery, 578 Cavalry, 1156 Riflemen, 1156 Infantry, 8673 Total 11563
They will be apportioned among the several divisions of the state agreeably to details to be furnished by the Adjutant General.
The appointment of the general officers will be made and communicated at a future day.
The corps of Cavalry will be formed into two regiments, of which, Lt. Col. Larkin Smith, will command the first, having under him the Majors Robert Grattan and Tunstall Banks; the second will be commanded by Lt. Col. Henry Bowyer, having under him the Majors John F. Woodford and Peter F. Archer. The corps of Artillery, will be formed into one regiment, to be commanded by Lt. Col. William R. Fleming, having under him the Majors James Taylor and John Brounough; of which the Major Generals of the respective divisions to which those officers belong, will be pleased to take notice.
Any corps of volunteers, which at any time previous to orders for taking the field, shall render their services conformably to the act of Congress of the 18th of April, 1806, or to the act of Congress of the 24th February, 1807, will be accepted, and considered as substitutes, according to their numbers, for the whole or any part of the 11563 men, required from this state.
When the detachment and organization shall have been effected, the respective corps shall be exercised by the officers set over them; drafted Militia by their proper officers; Volunteers by their own officers, if organized at the time of tendering their services, and if not then organized, by their officers, to be elected by themselves and to be approved and commissioned by the Executive of this state. But they will not remain embodied, nor be considered as in actual service, until by subsequent orders they shall be directed to take the field. Correct muster rolls and inspection returns will be made to the Adjutant General, who will without delay transmit copies to the Secretary at war.
On this deeply interesting occasion, the Governor indulges the pleasing hope that his fellow citizens will not wait for the slow call of the legal routine of duty, but that the whole Quota of Virginia will be filled by Volunteers, ardent and emulous for their country's service, burning with impatience to avenge her wrongs, and evincing by their discipline and valor, that a well regulated Militia affords, to a free state, a defence not only the most safe, but the most effectual.
BY THE GOVERNOR. WM. H. CABELL.
ATTEST, SAM: COLEMAN, D. A. G.
In pursuance of the annexed General Orders, the quota to be drawn from the commonwealth of Virginia, of one hundred thousand militia, directed by the President of the U. S. to be prepared to take the field at a moment's warning, will be furnished by the several Divisions and Brigades as follows:
   Divisions. Brigades. Inf'y. Riflemen. Cav'y. Art'y.     1st. Division. 4th Brigade 580 68 94   11th Brigade 638 75 38   12th Brigade 600 71 33   15th Brigade 592 70 35   2410 284 142   2d. Division. 1st. Brigade 695 73 36   3d. Brigade 638 75 28   5th Brigade 456 54 27   6th Brigade 367 43 21   2087 245 122  
7th Brigade 442 166 71 35 10th Brigade 307 165 53 27 15th Brigade 350 165 61 30 16th Brigade 448 165 71 35 17th Brigade 300 165 54 27 18th Brigade 109 165 32 16 19th Brigade 116 165 35 19 2067 1156 879 189
   2d. Division. 2d. Brigade 488 57 29   8th Brigade 484 57 29   9th Brigade 516 61 30   14th Brigade 621 73 37   2109 248 125   3d. Division. 1st. Division 2410 288 142   2d. Division 2087 245 122   3d. Division 2067 1156 879   4th Division 2109 248 125   8673 1156 578  
Further INFANTRY 6973 RIFLEMEN 1156 CAVALRY 1156 ARTILLERY 578 Total of the quota of Virginia, 11563
ATTEST, SAM: COLEMAN, D. A. G.
FROM THE VIRGINIA GAZETTE.
Mr. Davis,
A publication made in your paper by Mr. Beverley, purporting to be an account of some occurrences which took place respecting Gen. Wilkinson, before the Grand Jury, which lately attended the United States Court at Richmond; does certainly contain some errors. They will be rectified as far as my name is concerned by the publication of this note.
There was no motion made to present Gen. Wilkinson for High Treason, that I remember; there certainly was no vote taken upon such a question. A motion was made to present Gen. Wilkinson for misprision of Treason. The Jury divided, seven for nine against the presentment. I was with the majority.
A motion was also made to present the General for a violation of the laws and constitution of the United States. I do not remember how the Jury divided on this question; but I was with the majority.
I should not perhaps have troubled you with this address, had it not become necessary to correct another mistake.
I am informed that several gentlemen in Richmond have said, and perhaps certified under their hands, that they received an account from me, corresponding with the statement made by Mr. Beverley. Those declarations and certificates if any such there be, must be due to a misunderstanding or misapplication of the terms of our conversation—I never did say to any person that the Grand Jury were divided on a motion to present Gen. Wilkinson for High Treason; or that any such question was made before them.
After the Grand Jury were discharged, and in course of the next day, sundry gentlemen of my acquaintance, at different times and places addressed me to the following effect—"We have heard contradictory accounts of the division of the Grand Jury, upon a motion to present General Wilkinson, (without stating for what offence) will you be so good as to give us the correct account?" I answered, "I believe the Jury were divided, seven for, nine against the presentment." The misfund-raising, I suppose must have happened this way.—Those who had heard of Mr. Beverley's account of a motion to present for High Treason, which was not made, connected with it, my answer which could refer to no other than the motion to present for misprision of Treason, which was made. Or, if any gentleman addressed me in terms which authorised him to regard my answer as applicable to a question of High Treason, I did not attend sufficiently to the terms of his question, or should certainly have set him right. I can see no motive for wilful misrepresentation of this subject on the part of any. I will suppose none to exist.
WILLIAM DANIEL, Jun. Cumberland, 18th July, 1807.
The inhabitants of Richmond, were this day highly gratified in the return of their friends & fellow citizens—the Volunteer Blues, commanded by Captains Richardson and Randolph.—These citizen soldiers, after having obeyed with patriotism and alacrity, the call of their country—after having repaired with promptitude and military fervor to the scene of alarm—and obtained the applause of the public, as well as the approbation of their own hearts, are again returned to pursue their wonted avocations.
It is thus, that we teach the tyrants of the earth that a free people, require not the aid of standing armies or military spendour to defend their rights, and to prove that "for a nation to be free, 'tis sufficient that she wills it."
The Blues were met about a mile below Richmond, by the new Corps of Volunteer Cavalry, commanded by Col. Carrington; by the Shockoe Volunteers, commanded by Capt. Hallam; by the Artillery, commanded by Lieut. Street, and a body of Militia, commanded by Capt. Tompkins, Davis, McBride, Oldham and Pleasants, where the customary salutes were exchanged. From thence they marched into the city and were received with the general acclamations, and undiminished joy of all ranks and conditions.
SPANISH AGGRESSION.
Accounts have reached the city, dated late in June, that the Spaniards at Mobile have seized 200 Band of arms, and a quantity of ammunition, belonging to the United States, destined from New-Orleans to Fort Stoddert. This seizure was made by the Spanish commandant at Mobile, and afterwards approved by the Governor general of the Floridas.
The above information may be relied on as correct. It comes from unquestionable authority—the letter containing it is from an officer in the army of the United States, who was a witness to the act.
W. B. Field.
We understand, that on application being made to the Secretary of the Treasury, on the subject of the President's Proclamation, he has advised, that its prohibitions are not meant to include British merchandise vessels, although armed and bearing letters of marque.
Phil. pap.
Capt. Boyd informs, that when he left Cadiz, five French and Spanish ships of war were lying at that place ready for sea, unable to get out on account of a British squadron by whom they were blockaded.
A STRAY HORSE.
Given to Col. John Taylor's plantation, in Caroline, on the 26th day of May last, a BAY HORSE, about 4 feet 5 inches high, 3 or 4 years old, a star in his forehead, and a strip inclining to the right nostril, a switch-tail and long mane, pofed and appraised at 40 dollars. The owner is notified to prove property, and apply to the subscriber, on the above plantation.
JOHN HILL. July 28, 1807.

FITZWILSONN & POTTER, Have just received from London, a large supply of  STATIONARY, which, with the stock formerly on hand, makes up an extensive assortment of  WRITING PAPER, for blank Books, of all sizes, and of the very best quality. Various kinds of Envelope and Letter Paper, Hot-pressed post, gilt and plain, Elegant embossed and plain Writing Cards, Drawing Books, Pencils and Water-Colors, Quill Writing, Marking and Copying Ink, Quill Pens, Sealing-Wax and Wafers, Chisels and playing Cards, Improved Glues, Excellent Penknives, A large collection of Music, Fashionable Paper-hangings, &c. &c. Their stock of Day-Books, Journals and Ledgers, and of other Blank-Books, for County Courts, Sher- iffs, and private Gentlemen, is very extensive, and warranted of the best materials. They have also an assortment of School-Books, of approved editions, and some esteemed works on the different subjects of Law, Physic, Divinity and Mil- cellaneous Literature. May 15. law5m.
ROYSTER & BOHANNON. Respectfully inform their friends and the public gene- rally, that they have just received a general assortment of  GROCERIES, which they will sell low for cash, country produce, or good acceptances in town: —AMONGST WHICH ARE— BROWN Sugar in bar- } Madeira } rels and hds. } Sherry } Loaf, do. do. } Lisbon } Coffee in barrels and } Malaga } bags. } Assortment of Jugs 3 & 4 Imperial } gals. each. Young Hyson } Black Cognac Brandy, Hyson Skin } Holland Gin, Pepper, } Country ditto, Pimento, } Apple Brandy, Nutmegs, } Pint and 1/2 pint Tumblers, Antigua } do. do. Decanters, W. India } London Mustard by box, N. England } Playing Cards assorted, Molasses in hds. & bls. } Cotton do. of sup. qty. Whiskey in ditto, } A few pieces India Cot- Sack Salt, } tons, &c. &c. &c. Crates ware assorted, } with a number of other Leeper's Snuff, } articles, which they Hibbert's brown Stout } mean to keep constant- and Porter, } ly on hand. June 24. law5f.
FOR SALE. THE TAN-YARD in this place, formerly occu- pied by Wm. Hamby, which is now in good repair, with every improvement necessary to carry on the business extensively. The stock in said yard which is now in full operation, would be sold also, so that a purchaser would have an opportunity of com- mencing the business under every advantage the sit- uation is capable of. A very liberal credit will be given for both the yard and stock, on receiving satisfactory security for the payment of the purchase money, for terms apply to John Cunningham & Co. Richmond, or to JOHN E. CUNNINGHAM. Carterville, June 18.
TO RENT, For three or five years: THAT valuable TANNERY of the late Mr. Jacob Borkus, and now occupied by the Subscri- ber situated on the Main-Street of this city, between the Capitol and Bqn of the canal, its conveniences are superior to any other in this place. A large Cur- rying Shop, Cellar and drying loft, a spacious Bark- House, two Bark Mills and Houses, a Beam House and every other requisite to the tanning of from 2 to 3000 hides a year, exclusively of skins. Also on the same tenement a convenient SELLING HOUSE, Kitchen, Smoke House, Stable and Garden, the ren- ter may be accommodated with about one hundred cords of excellent old and black oak Bark, now in the Bark House at a fair price. Proposals for the above will be received by the sub- scriber. Bond with approved security will be required, and possession given of the whole, except a few of the vats, on the first of September next. The reason as- signed for offering the foregoing property for rent, is the ill state of health of the Subscriber to pay that at- tention the business requires. MARCUS ELEGAN. April 3. law5f.
WINE, &c. PORT, CLARET & ST. GEORGE'S WINE, in bottles, and a constant supply of—  BOTTLED PORTER, ALE & CYDER, —FOR SALE BY— D. J. BURR. Also:—A consignment of good Northern CHEESE. July 8. law5w.
CHARLES F. GREFFER,  TAYLOR AND HABIT-MAKER, Respectfully informs his friends and the public gene- rally, that he has commenced business next door to Mr. Crouche's old City Hotel, and a short dis- tance from the Eagle Tavern, in the City of Richmond. WHERE all kinds of work in the above branch will be executed with neatness and punctual- ity. Ladies may be accommodated with the newest fashions of Riding-Dresses, Pelisses, Robes, and Spencer. He flatters himself that by his thorough knowledge of and attention to the above business, to merit the patronage of a generous public. He also acquaints them, that he is in possession of a peculiar- elegant pattern for summer Dresses, &c. from 4 to 10 years of age. CHARGES MODERATE. N.B. An APPRENTICE of respectable connec- tions and well recommended, will be taken to the above business. July 7. 4law.
A PROPOSITION. AN interest in a law suit, now depending in the Superior Court of Chancery, held in the City of Richmond, will be given in exchange for good Western Lands. By addressing a letter to A. E. Williamsburg, further information may be received. The suit above alluded to, has for its object, the recovery of a large sum of money. The gift of the action is a deed of trust, in which five brick and one wooden houses &c. (situate in this city) are con- veyed. Some complexity attends the cause—but the ultimate success of a final recovery, depends merely upon a strict application to its prosecution. N.B. For the next ensuing 8 or 10 days, any en- quiry in writing, left at the Post-Office, in this place, (directed as above), will meet attention. June 10. law2m.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF  BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
LANDS FOR SALE. The subscriber wishing to move to the western country, OFFERS for sale 550 acres of LAND, in the county of Cumberland, on Rocky-Creek, a branch of Willis's river. This Land is of good quali- ty, lies well, and only eight miles from navigable water at the town of Caira. 300 acres are cleared 150 of which are fresh and in good order for cropping; the greater part of the remainder, prime tobacco Land. One third of the purchase money, will be required in hand, the balance in one and two years; or Ne- groes, in payment for the whole would be preferred. On this Land there are several barns, tobacco houses, &c. newly new. For terms apply to JNO. C. PAGE. July 21. c38m.
FOR SALE, By the subscriber, three doors below the market-bridge, 25 Hds. of CIDER VINEGAR, Of superior quality, which will be disposed of, on moderate terms, by wholesale and retail. SAMUEL WHITE. May 19. law5m.
TOBACCO LAND FOR SALE. In Amherst County, on Horsey's Creek—609 acres of RICH TOBACCO LAND, formerly the pro- perty of Mr. Daniel Warwick, and known by the name of Wincanton. This Land has the advan- tage of lying on the main road leading from Amherst Court-House to Waugh's Ferry, on James River, is a valuable stand for a country Store, with a fram- ed house for that purpose, and sufficiently large, hav- ing two rooms below and two above stairs, with a good brick chimney and well-undersigned with brick. Also, a Lumber-House, fifteen feet square, with a cellar of its full size, walled up with stone. There is also a Taylor and Saddler's Shop, and other out- houses. Likewise a tolerable good Dwelling- House, with three Rooms below and two above stairs, a Kitchen, Dairy, and other out Houses within a mile of the Store, suitable for a private family. This Tract of Land is only seven miles from Bethel, where there is an inspection of Tobacco, and within eighteen miles of Lynchburg. As it is presumed no person will be inclined to purchase without viewing the premises; they will be shown by Messrs. Taliaferro and Loring, who live within a few miles of Wincanton, and are fully empowered to make sale, and the terms of payment may be known from them, as also on application to THOMAS GILLIAT. Richmond, June 20. tdf.
The above Tract of Land and improvements will be offered for sale at Amherst Court-House, on Monday the 17th day of August next, (being court day,) on a credit of one, two and three years, if punctually paid, if not, to carry interest from day of sale. A deed of trust will be required on the premises or satisfactory security for punctual payment. N. B. There are 100 acres of James River Low- Grounds.
NOTICE. THE debtors to the late firm of GILLIAT and KIRBY, are hereby informed that Thomas Gilliat alone is empowered to receive payment of all the debts due to that concern. All persons hav- ing demands against them, are requested to apply to Thomas Gilliat, and those indebted to the firm, are earnestly requested to come forward without de- lay and discharge their respective debts. For JOHN GILLIAT, AND SELF, THOMAS GILLIAT, JAMES KIRBY. May 20. ep3m.
NOTICE. ALL persons having claims against the estate of JOHN M'CREDIE, dec'd, or of GEORGE M'CREDIE, dec'd, are desired to call on the sub- scriber for settlement, who is duly authorized as ad- ministrator of the former and executor of the latter: and all persons indebted to either of the said estates, are requested to make immediate payment. J. PENN. July 17. ep4w.
ROCKINGHAM SPRINGS, VIRGINIA. The subscribers have opened a HOUSE OF ENTERTAIN- MENT, at the Rockingham Springs, about four miles from Harrisonburg and two from Keffler's-Town. WHERE they will see their best endeavors to render the place comfortable to such as may think proper to visit it. For two years past, these springs have been occasionally attended by invalids and although no accommodations within a convenient distance to the Spring could be had; yet it may be said with truth, that many received considerable ben- efit. The terms of boarding and lodging will be for Gentlemen and Ladies three dollars and 50 cents per week—for Children and Servants one dollar and twenty-five cents—passage for Horses 25 cts per mile. Gentlemen may purchase Grain in the neigh- borhood, or it will be furnished at a reasonable rate by the subscribers. HENRY OVERLEY, JONATHAN TAYLOR. July 1. 6w.
FOR SALE. TWO TENEMENTS, nearly opposite the Bell- Tavern, containing 42 feet front and 60 deep, at present occupied by Samuel Bell and Wm. Sander- son. Also a LOT, on the crooks street leading from the Bell Tavern, containing 28 feet front and 40 deep—One third cash will be required, and 6 and 12 months for the balance. I am authorized to sell a BRICK HOUSE on Shockoe Hill, conveniently situated for a family, for which good bonds will be taken. THOS. NORVELL. June 27. tdf.
DOCTOR WELLFORD MAY be consulted at the WARM SPRINGS, at any time from the 10th day of July to the end of the month; and after that period, at the SWEET 1 SPRINGS, until the middle of September. June 27. tf.
By virtue of a Deed of Trust from "John Hopkins, Esq.", agent for the Virginia Company, to the subscribers, for the purpose of securing the payment of one Thou- sand Five Hundred Pounds, with interest from 25th July, 1806, due to Thomas Rutherfurd—  WILL BE SOLD, to the highest bidder, for ready money, before the Eagle- Tavern, in the City of Richmond, on Tuesday 24th July next— ALL the LAND belonging to the Virginia Company, lying between the Canal and James River, and near to said Rutherfurd's mill. ROBT. GAMBLE, GEO. JEFFERSON, ROBERT POLLARD, CH. JOHNSTON, May 13. tdf.
RICHMOND TURNPIKE COMPANY. At a meeting of the Directors, held at the Eagle-Tavern, in the City of Richmond, on Monday evening the 8th of June, 1807. RESOLVED, That the Stock-holders in the said company, pay to their Treasurer, on or before the first day of August next, the further sum of five dollars upon each share held by them respectively, in the said Company. A Copy, Teste, N. SHEPPARD, Clerk. May 20. tf.
FOR SALE, 175 Ton Liverpool Stoved Sals, 80 Do. Do. Common Do. 60 Pieces Sacking, 20 Crates well assorted Farthen Ware, On board the Ship Villiant, Capt. Boivworth, at Ber- muda Hundred. Apply to, WM. BROWN & Co. July 8.
By virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed on the 24th day of May, 1806; whereby David Rofs con- veyed to us, a tract of Land called Coles, in the county of Goochland, containing by a then late survey, 1510 acres; also, another tract a small distance from that called Coles, containing 200 acres, more or less, it being the same land, that the said Rofs purchased from John Hughes and wife, and also the tract of land called Mount Prospect, the greater part of which lies in Fluvanna, containing by estimation 1200 acres, except 225 acres heretofore sold by the said Rofs, out of the said tract, to Samuel Pettit, to raise the sum of eleven thousand and four hundred dollars, with in- terest thereon, from the 18th January, 1807, together with all charges and expenses of sale; and in pur- suance of a requisition made in writing, under the pro- visions of the said deed; we shall, on the 24th day of August next, before the front door of the Eagle-Ta- vern, in the city of Richmond, sell for ready money, and all singular, the land and estates above-mention- ed, at which time and place, conveyancers will be made to the purchasers. A more particular descrip- tion of the above property, may be seen by tracing the references contained in the said deed now of re- cord, in the general court, under an acknowledgment of the same in court, on the 19th June, 1806. THOS. NORVELL. W. ALLEN. Wm. C. WILLIAMS. June 20. tdf.
WILLIAM HART, OPPOSITE THE SCALE-HOUSE, —HAS JUST RECEIVED,— 5000 wt. Salt Petre Ba- } Teas, con, } Green Coffee, 3000 wt. Copperas, } Brown Sugar in barrels, 30 Boxes Liverpool Pipes, } Loaf Sugar, Nutmegs and flint and long; } other Spices, 30 Barrels Shad. } Scotch Barley, } London Mustard, &c. } Hibberts London Brown } Stout. And also as hand, Real Cognac Brandy, French, Peach & Apple } Brandy } Antigua, W. Island and } Philadelphia Porter, bot- N. England Rum, } tled by himself, Gin, Whiskey, C. Bounce, } Flour, Salt, Molasses, &c. } Queens Ware, with a } variety of other articles. All of which he will sell at the lowest ready money prices, or exchange for country produce. July 14. tf.
TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS REWARD. Ran away from the subscriber, living near New-Castle, in the lower end of this county, on the 27th of March last, NEGRO MAN BILLY, about 50 years of age, and about 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high—he is rather of a delicate form, a little inclined to a yellow- ish complexion, and considerably marked in the face with the small-pox—his hair rather inclined to be bushy, this is not very long—he is a fellow of good understanding, a well-informed mind, and very spe- cious insinuating manner—he speaks rather quick & pert, and has a disposition to be very polite. He no doubt will attempt to change his appearance, by al- tering his name, changing his hair for a wig, &c. He is pretty well known in most parts of this state, as well as in the Carolinas and Georgia, as the waitingman and fiddler of Mr. Nicholas M. Johnson, of whom I purchased him. His wife lives in Richmond, where he has frequently been since his elopement, and he has also been a part of his time in Peterburg, and his wife has a daughter, a free woman, living in Norfolk, where it is probable he has been also—though having no general acquaintance, there is no knowing where he will seek himself. I will give the above reward to any person who will deliver the said runaway to me, in Hanover. P. STREET. June 10. tf.
LANDS FOR SALE. The Subscribers are authorized to sell the three following Tracts of LAND, lying in the counties of Albemarle & Fluvanna, to wit: ONE Tract of 400 acres, known by the name of Dickerson's Tract. One other Tract containing 242 acres, being part of 400 acres, known by the name of Hastings' Tract. One other Tract of 163 acres, also known by the name of Hastings' Mark's Tract, and is said to have a valuable Mill seat on it. All three Tracts have a great abundance of heavy pine timber of the best kind, and are convenient to navigation. Should these Lands not be disposed of by private contract before the third day of August next, they will on that day be offered at Public Auction, at the Eagle Tavern, in the City of Richmond. In the mean time, all persons desirous of purchasing, will please apply for further information to TAYLOR & BROWN, v. m. July 1. tdf.
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT a general meeting of Stockholders in the Manchester Turnpike Company, will be held at Brook's Tavern in Manchester, on the first Mon- day in August next; when business of importance to the interest of the company will be submitted for consideration. By order of the Directors, JAS. BRANDER, CLK. July 3. tdf.
WASHINGTON TAVERN! ODEN & MOORE have taken the WASH- INGTON TAVERN, adjoining the Capitol Square, lately occupied by Edward Hallam. At considerable expense, they have provided themselves with excellent accommodations for their friends, and invite their's and the public patronage. They are determined to keep as good a table and as perfect an inn as any in Richmond—Purified ROOMS, ad- joining the Tavern, and every necessary attendance, for families travelling.—Both the Co-partners have been well-versed in this business, better them- selves with the expectation of rendering general satis- faction. Richmond, February 17. tf.
VIRGINIA, TO WIT: At a Court of Appeals held at the Capitol, in Richmond, on the tenth day of July, 1807. RULE.—After the end of this present term, it will be expected that the Judges of this Court, respectively, shall be presented with the statements directed by the rule of this court, made the fifteenth day of May, 1804, within the first four days of each term; and no cause, intended to be argued by coun- sel, in which such statement is not presented accordingly, shall be argued by them in the future term in which the statement may be thereafter presented, un- less for some very special reason to the contrary ap- pearing to the court. Ordered, that the above rule be published three times in each of the Richmond newspapers. A Copy, Teste, J. BROWN, c. c. July 17. 24.
FOR SALE. On Saturday the first day of August next, will be sold at Mr. John Anderson's Tavern, in the town of New Canton, to the highest bidder, for ready money, LIKELY NEGRO WOMAN named PATT, aged about thirty years; made over to us in trust by Henry Lynch, to secure the payment of a debt due Hobson and St. John. ROBT. MOSELEY, jr. ISHAM SCRUGGS. New-Canton, July 21. tdf.
J. JACOBS, Being about to decline the DRY GOOD business, (in which he has been engaged for some time,) requests all those indebted to him to make pay- ment, as fails will be instituted against all delinquents at the August term; and if any have claims against him, they shall be paid on being presented. —Lately received a well-selceted assortment of—  GOODS, Suited to the present and approaching season which will be sold at the lowest possible price, —AMONG WHICH ARE— Ladies Kid and Mo- } Fancy and Leno Mullins rocco Shoes, best } and Veils, quality, } Check'd Silks, Shawls & 2 bales Mowannas, } Habit Shirts, 2 Do. Cafas, } Hosiery, Gloves & Cab- 1 Do. fine blue Cotton, } licos, 2 Do. Checks, } Cotton & Silk Umbrellas, 3 Do. blue Gilly Handks, } Superfine and common Elegant cotton and thread } Cloths, &c. &c. Laces, } Gun Powder by the Keg. July 7. tf.
DR. THOMAS B. W. GRAY, RESPECTFULLY informs the public that he intends to practice Physic, Surgery and Mid- wifery at Tappahannock, and hopes that by an un- remitting attention to all the duties in the different departments of his profession, he will give general satisfaction, and merit the confidence and patronage of all those who may place to confide him. He also proposes to keep constantly for sale, and upon moderate terms, the various medicines which are ge- nerally known and used. July 8. 2m.
NOTICE THE Partnership, known by the firm of Lyle and McCredie, is dissolved by the death of the part- ner, George McCredie. The subscriber, the sur- viving partner of this house, requests all those indebted to that concern to make speedy payments to him, as he is now the only person who can grant the proper receipts and discharges for those debts. Those who may have claims on that firm, are re- quested to come forward, that they may be adjusted and paid. JAMES LYLE. Manchester, July 11. 3m.
FOR SALE, BY EDWARD HALLAM, THREE Hundred Barrels good merchantable CORN. Also, a few Thousand Wt. Salt Pe- tere BACON. July 1. tf.
FOR SALE, A LIKELY MALE SERVANT, who can come well recommended. For further particulars en- quire of the Printer. July 15. tf.
NOTICE. That by virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed by John B. Wynn to us, and duly proved and admitted to record in the District Court held in this city; we shall on Thurs- day the 6th day of the ensuing month, respite to sale by public auction, upon the premises for ready money. NE half acre, LOT N o 698, opposite to the re- sidence of the Rev'd. Wm. Dawson in this city: There is upon the said Lot, an excellent Kiln of Bricks, and which are nearly burnt, containing as is supposed at least, 75,000, and which will be disposed of with the Lot as appurtenant thereto, or so much thereof, as may be necessary to raise the sum of 200l, with the costs and charges of executing this trust. SAM'L. MCCRAW, } Trustees. WM. MCKIM, Richmond, July 17. tdf.
The former advertisements respecting the sale of the above property being erroneous, they will of course be disregarded.  VIRGINIA, TO WIT: At a Chancery District Court, held in the City of Wil- liamsburg, the 23rd day of April, 1807. Robert Edwards, and Priscilla his Wife, Pliffs. against James Ewell and Ann Robertson, execu- } Defs. tors of Andrew Robertson, THE defendant James Ewell, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country, on the motion of the piffs. by their counsel; It is ordered, that the said defendant do ap- pear here on the fourth day of October term next, and answer the bill of the piffs. and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the City of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former Capitol in this City. A Copy, Teste, ANTY ROBINSON, c. c. July 17. ep2m.
TO BE SOLD, FOR READY MONEY. In pursuance of a Deed of Trust, from David Rofs, Esq. bearing date on the 5th day of July, 1806, and recorded in the sum of 57,768 25-100 dollars, and interest due on Sunday bonds, to Granbery and Hancock and to Littleton Walter Tazewell, and a further sum of 10,000 dollars, and upwards, with interest due also on sundry bonds, to the said Granbery and Hancock, and the charges and expenses of sale: THOSE well known MILLS with the appur- tenances in the city of Richmond, called the Ca- lumbian Mills. Two undivided third parts of the Deep Run Coal pits, in the county of Henrico, con- taining about 1750 acres more or less. Two undi- vided third parts of the Falling Creek Coal pits in the county of Chesterfield, containing about one hundred acres. Two undivided third parts of the Dever Coal Lands in the county of Goochland, containing about ninety acres, which three several tracts of Coal Land were held in partnership between the said David Rofs and James Currie, dec'd. All that said tract or parcel of Land in the county of Goochland, known by the name of Goochland court-house, containing about fifteen hundred acres more or less; Also twelve hun- dred acres of Land in Goochland county, called How- ards Neck, before pledged to Gallego and Gibson, for a debt due to them and secured by deed of trust, bear- ing date on the 24th day of May, 1806, and record- ed in the general court. The Columbian Mills & appurtenances, are subject to a ground rent to Samuel Overton; and the said Mills and the two tracts of Coal Land, first mention- ed, are pledged for the security of sundry sums of money, due to Mrs. Frances Tabb and Wm. B. Giles, ad- ministrator of John Tabb, deceased—a large propor- tion of which, is stated by the said Rofs to have been paid, & other estates are pledged for the balance. For further information on this subject, persons inclined to purchase, are referred to the said Rofs, or it may be obtained on application to the subscribers. The greater part of the debt due to P. Gibson, and from a Deed of trust above mentioned, bearing date the 24th day of May, 1806, has been paid, there being now a balance due him of only 1254 dls. 75-100 with some arrears of interest; a particular statement of which will be exhibited on the day of sale. The sales will take place at the Eagle-tavern, on Tuesday the 15th day of September next. E. W. ROOTES, WILSON ALLEN, } Trustees. July 11. tdf.
FOR SALE. On Saturday the first day of August next, will be sold at Mr. John Anderson's Tavern, in the town of New Canton, to the highest bidder, for ready money, LIKELY NEGRO WOMAN named PATT, aged about thirty years; made over to us in trust by Henry Lynch, to secure the payment of a debt due Hobson and St. John. ROBT. MOSELEY, jr. ISHAM SCRUGGS. New-Canton, July 21. tdf.
FOR SALE. THAT well known Tavern, in the town of Char- lottesville, Albemarle County, formerly the pro- perty of Isaac Miller, and now in the occupancy of Mr. Dupont. It consists of an elegant two- story House, sixty feet by forty feet, in excellent re- pair; in which there are on the first floor, four Rooms, in large and commodious bar, and a pass- through the centre of the building, eighteen feet wide. On the second floor, eight lodging Rooms, four of which are sufficiently large for the accommo- dation of travelling families. Also, a dining Room, immediately over the passage, of the same size as the passage; the Garret is divided into six different Rooms, four of which have fire places. There is also, an excellent well of water in the back yard, from whence water is conveyed by subterraneous pipes to the bar, and different parts of the lot. There are also, convenient and well furnished Stables, with stalls for about fifty horses, together with about thirty sheltered Stalls, raised on loose-poll posts; and two inferior Stables; so that about one hundred horses can be accommodated on public days. Also, about seven acres of Land, adjoining the town, and very convenient to the Stables; known by the name of clover Lot, extremely rich and productive, and well enclosed. The whole of the buildings are insured. It would be useful to dilate on the eligibility of this stand for business of this sort, or the real value of this property, as every person inclined to purchase will enquire in to their facts; suffice it to say, that it is not exceeded by any, & equalled by few in the upper country. The former proprietor, & his immediate successor, having in a few years made fortunes, and retired, & the present occupant rapidly following their steps. For the information of strangers, it may be observed, that at this house keep both the Rich- mond and Fredericksburg stages, and by the same route passes a number of genteel families and others to the Springs every Springs