The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1806-06-20 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE.....AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 13.]
RICHMOND, FRIDAY MORNING, JUNE 20, 1806.
[VOLUME 3.]
Richmond Prices Current.
   Dolls. Cts.     Tobacco, 5 25   Wheat, 1   Flour—superfine, 7   fine, 6 50   Corn Meal—per bushel, 75   Bacon—per lb. 12   Bar Iron—per ton, 120   Whiskey—per gallon, 58  
Sales at Auction.
On Wednesday the 24th of July next, will be sold by Auction on the premises, if not previously disposed of at private sale.  THAT VALUABLE BRICK TENEMENT on Shackle Hill, opposite to Mr. Page's, now occupied by Mr. James H. Lynch.  Terms of payment—one and two years credit, the purchaser to give a deed of trust on the property to secure payment of the purchase money.  TAYLOR & BROWN, V. MRS. (tdf)  June 6.
At a meeting of the Officers of the 23rd Regiment of the Virginia militia, at Zachariah Brooks's in the town of Manchester, agreeably to previous notice, for the purpose of taking into consideration the proclamation of his Excellency the Governor of the 1st of March last, declaring what should be the uniform of the militia of this commonwealth, Colonel Thomas Branch being unanimously called to the chair, and Wm. B. Clarke appointed secretary—the meeting then proceeded to take into consideration the said proclamation, and after mature deliberation unanimously resolved, that a respectful memorial be drawn up and presented to his excellency the governor, touching the subject of the said proclamation; whereupon a committee was appointed to draft the same, & the following was unanimously agreed to:
TO HIS EXCELLENCY, THE GOVERNOR OF VIRGINIA.  The Officers, non-commissioned Officers and privates of the 23rd regiment of militia, respectfully represent to your excellency that the proclamation of your excellency of the 1st day of March last directing the uniform of the Virginia militia, has produced some agitation in this and every other regiment as far as your memorials have been informed. The old revolutionary characters are concerned at parting with an old military acquaintance; they respect the true blue, with which they were clothed and under which they fought, and their facing and their faces were presented to the enemy with success. The fame, they beg leave to state, they will be happy to retain; independent of the attachment of your memorials to this happy and military uniform, they beg leave further to suggest to your excellency, their prompt submission, to any order issued from the proper source; the orders are issued from the correct source, but they beg leave to remark that most of the officers in this regiment and their presumes, in others also, are uniformed according to ancient custom, and if they be directed to discontinue the old uniform & assume the one now ordered, they will in many instances be compelled to encounter an expense which they cannot meet or defray; and thus the character of the officer may be improperly belied by his appearance. Your memorials with great deference, beg leave to observe, that the ancient uniform (to wit, blue and red) is much more durable and military, more durable and military, less liable to soil and better calculated to inspire martial ardor.
THOS. BRANCH, Chairman. Wm. B. CLARK, Secretary. Chesterfield, June 11th, 1806.
JUST PUBLISHED, By David Longworth, New-York, and for sale at the Enquirer Book-Store.  THE ADVENTURES OF TELEMACUS, son of ULYSSES; from the French of FENELON, by the celebrated John HAWKINS, Esq., L.L.D. corrected and revised by T. GREGORY, with a life of the author, and a complete index Historical and Geographical; embellished with engravings.  ALSO—HUTCHINSON'S XENOPHON, HERMAN & DOROTHEA, &c. &c. &c.
FOR SALE—on the lowest terms: 2500 Sacks of LIVERPOOL SALT, and 90 crates of LIVERPOOL EARTHEN WARE of superior quality & well assorted, just arrived in the ship Merchant, Captain JOHNSON, from Liverpool, at Bermuda Hundred.  Which ship will take in Tobacco to the address of JAMES MAURY, Esq., of Liverpool. She has excellent accommodations for passengers. For terms apply to Messrs. PICKET, POLLARD & JOHNSON of Richmond, the Captain on board, or the subscriber, OVERTON ANDERSON.  May 23.
By virtue of a deed of trust, entered into the day of 1805, by Jacob Wood, of the county of Amherst, to secure and insure the punctual payment of a debt due from the said Jacob Wood to Fisher and Lesueur, merchants of the city of Richmond, will be sold to the highest bidder, for ready money, on Saturday the 28th inst. on the premises: THE TRACT OF LAND, with its appurtenances, on which the said Jacob Wood at present resides, in the county of Amherst, containing fifty two and half acres, be the same more or less. This land is valuable in point of soil and situation; the improvements therein consist of a Grist Mill, Saw Mill, Distillery and Dwelling House, well deserving the attention of a purchaser.  DAVID S. GARLAND, Trustee. June 12, 1806. (tdf)
FOR SALE, A TRACT OF LAND, lying on the main road, leading from Richmond to the Deep Run coal pits, about six miles from Richmond, containing one hundred and ten acres, formerly the land of Orson Kelly, adjoining the lands of Doct. Cringan, Mr. Pendleton and others; it will be sold at Public Auction, the 28th day of June, on the premises, if not disposed of by private sale, before that day—Also 60 LIKELY NEGROES. Any person that is inclined to purchase, may know the terms by application to the subscriber, at the Meadow-Bridges.  ROBERT WHITE. June 13. (tdf)
TO BE RENTED, The large THREE STORY HOUSE on the Main-Street, corner of the Market, formerly occupied by Cohen and Isaac, and lately by Capt. John S. Pleasants; it is a good stand for business and suitable for the accommodation of a large family.  Also, the HOUSE (formerly known by the sign of Oxford in hand) at the corner of the street leading to church hill; to both of these tenements gardens are attached. The terms will be moderate, and mode known on application to James Whitelaw, ferjeant of the City, or to  JACOB I. COHEN. February 23. (law if)
LANDS IN CUMBERLAND FOR SALE.
By virtue of a Deed of Trust, bearing date the 11th April, 1801, recorded in Cumberland Court-Office, to me executed by James Deane, Francis B. Deane, and Thomas M. Deane, to secure a certain sum of money, due by them to Joseph Gallego—I will offer for sale, to the highest bidder, on the 26th day of May next, at Cumberland Court, TWO TRACTS OF LAND, being part of the property, thereby conveyed, viz.  One Tract containing one hundred and thirty-seven acres, more or less, situate in the county of Cumberland, six miles above the Court House, being a tract purchased by the said Deane, from Parton Clopton, as will appear by reference to the deed of sale on record, in the said County Court.  One Tract containing two hundred and five acres, more or less, situate in Cumberland, on the fourth side of the road, leading to the Court House, one mile distant below the same, bounded by lands of William Beverly Langhorne, and by lands of John Ford.
The first of the above Tracts, is said to contain prime tobacco land, and valuable timber; the other is nearly half cleared.  N. B. By the consent of all parties interested, the sale will take place on the 26th day of May next, as above stated, and the terms of payment will be one and two years credit, the purchasers to give bonds bearing interest and approved security.  M. B. POTTHAUX. (tdf)  April 15.  N. B. The sale of the above property is postponed to the 28th day of July next. M. B. P.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of John Hoomes, dec'd. of the Bowling Green, are requested to make them known, that provision may be made for a final settlement. And those indebted will make immediate payment to  JOHN HOOMES, and JOHN G. HOOLFOLE, Executors of John Hoomes, dec'd.  Jan. 22. (tdf)
STAUNTON STAGE.  The Subscriber respectfully informs the public, that his STAGES will regularly, during the season of the Springs, leave the Bell-Tavern in this city, on Tuesdays at 5 o'clock in the evening; & on each Saturday at the hour of 10 o'clock in the morning, and will arrive at Capt. Edmondson's Tavern in the Town of Staunton; where passengers, going on to the Springs, may be furnished, at all times, with Hackney Coaches, and other private conveyances, from thence. Much pains and expense has been taken by the proprietor in the selection of good horses, carriages and careful drivers—and confidently assures the public, he is in possession of as good as any in this state.  RICHARD TERRELL. (tdf)  May 23.
BURR MILL STONES, of all sizes; and a PLEASTER OF PARIS, of an excellent quality FOR SALE, as usual. at  WILLIAM DAVIDSON, near the Market. (tdf)  Dec. 4.
MARSHAL'S SALE.  To be sold, for ready money, under a decree of the court of the United States, for the fifth circuit in the Virginia district, between Phineas Bond, attorney for the creditors of Ezekiel Edwards, plaintiff, and David Rife and others, defendants, in order to raise the sum of 11,430 dolls. 94 cts. due and payable on the 1st Jan. last, that valuable and well known estate in the county of Botetourt, called  FORT LEWIS, situated by the said Rife to contain 2004 acres.
THE sale will take place on the premises on Monday the 14th day of July next.  This estate having been before advertised and the sale postponed, it is deemed necessary to apprise the public, that though the sales formerly announced were postponed, on account of payments received from the defendant Rife, the false last advertised would have taken place but for a mistake in the advertisement. The subscriber has no reason to suppose that the one now advertised will not take place, and if, contrary to his expectation, it should again be postponed, the earliest public notice will be given, that those who are disposed to become purchasers, may not be put to any unnecessary trouble.  BENJAMIN MOSBY, D.M. for JOSEPH SCOTT, M. V. D. (tdf)  May 30.
WILL be exposed to sale to the highest bidder, on the eighth day of July next, on the premises, the GLEBE LANDS of the Parish of Trinity, in the county of Louisa.
THE COMMISSIONERS. ep sw.  In pursuance of a decree of the Superior Court of Chancery, for the district of Richmond.  WILL be sold on the first day of July next, at the Tavern of Mr. Zachariah Brooks in the Town of Manchester, the LOT & appurtenances in said town, lately occupied by Mr. William Robinson. The sale will be on twelve months credit, the purchaser to give a bond, with security, to bear interest from the date.  JOHN MINOR, Commissioner. June 3. (tdf)
3000 wt. SALT PETER & BACON, 1000 wt. first quality N. ENGLAND CHEESE, 10 gross BOTTLED CYDER. A few bushels CLOVER SEED, 150 pieces PAPER HANGINGS.  For Sale by EDWARD HALLAM.  Constantly for Hire—An Excellent Carriage and Horses—apply as above.  May 27. (tdf)
TO RENT, THE HOUSE on the Main-Street, lately occupied by Mr. Henry McClatchy, and situate between Messrs. Ellis & Allan and Mr. Manuel Judah. Also—A HOUSE on the Main-Street Shackle Hill, a few doors below Mr. Bootwright's and nearly opposite to Mr. Benjamin Wolfe.  Possession of both Houses to be given immediately. Enquire of JOSEPH GALLEGO.  May 20. (tdf)
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.  RAN away from the subscriber, a Negro LAD about 22 years of age, about 5 feet ten inches high, with very thick lips, and very black; had on a checked Virginia cloth short coat and waistcoat, his pantaloons of plain purple, the same manufactured. Any person who will deliver the said lad to me in Powhatan, shall receive the above reward.  ISHAM RANDOLPH.  His name is AVERY; he is accustomed to horses and serving in the house.  April 11. (tdf)
FROM THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
BLOCKADES.
The recent British orders relative to Blockades demand the attention of every citizen of the U. S. and have no doubt seriously engaged the councils of our government. The blockade of a grand division of the earth such as the confederate republic of kingdoms and states, which is called Germany, is unknown in the annals of past times. The principle of a reasonable expectation of a reduction by force is essential to a legitimate blockade. Such an expectation, such an object for the present blockade is not in the contemplation of any man in or out of G. B. The British Secretary of State declares, that the motive of the blockade is "to throw the just resentment of G. B. at the perfidious conduct of Prussia." On a former occasion the late Sir Horatio Nelson, since Lord Nelson, issued a proclamation under the orders of the British government, assuming as the motive of the illegitimate blockade of April, 1797, "that it was found right that Spain should no longer have any trade!" Never was a more unwarranted attempt to effect a blockade before seen. Yet the recent measure goes in some degree on the same ground, but far exceeds it in the scale. It avows indeed the principle of "rejection." 'Tis an unwarrantable resentment against Prussia, which wounds more, and without law the peaceful supplies of food and raw materials to Britain and the greatest consumers of their manufactures. Mr. Fox speaks of principle. His discerning mind will admit, that the principle of hostility to the citizens of the external dominions of King George the Third, cannot justify the ruin of the agriculture, trade, supplies and revenues of the greatest supporters of the home dominions of the same King. The principle of Blockade, now set up, is unknown to the laws and tribunals of Britain and America, which, as to the admiralty department, were identified in 1756. No learned, intelligent and upright admiralty judge can decree condemnations of neutral ships and cargoes of cotton and tobacco in voyages from the U. S. to all enemies ports when there is no pretence of a design or hope of reduction by force. If the British judgements could be supposed for a moment to treat the royal orders to cruisers, as law to neutrals, conscience and high judicial character must be abandoned forever, and the despotism of the British naval power must be palpable and consummate. The people of the U. S. will never submit to the condemnation of their crops, without one justifying section in the law of nations, or even in British municipal law. They will not consider their Politors as "friends in peace." They are absolutely unable to bear the damaging of all the vents for their productions, because it has been found right, in G. B. that the rest of Europe (and by consequence America,) shall no longer have any trade, or because one continental power acted, or is alleged to have acted, with unnecessary hostility. Is the correct neutrality of America to be pretended to be punished at the pleasure of the British crown? Is that correctness to secure her no exemption from injury and injury? Is Britain authorized certainly to ruin us, because she alleges that she apprehends ruin? Can Britain expect the repeal of our "Nicholson's law" if she acts thus? If we are to send no goods to the continent of Europe through England, nor direct to the ports of Europe, what is to become of our produce. It is well worth the while of G. B. to ascertain, before it shall be too late, that we cannot endure the situation into which these unprecedented and illegitimate blockades will inevitably call us.
We shall be compelled by inherent necessity to alter the state of things, by systematic legislation. The naval disposition of G. B. and the support of our agriculture will force us to commence changes in our interior economy, which will be fatal to her manufactures.  We cannot buy of her, if we are despotically interdicted from the exportation of productions, not pretended to be contraband of war, to all ports not lawfully blocked. Already have the Irish and other British linens, the fine cloths & hardware of Britain been sacrificed to unportable impositions. America saw the right of search perverted to the breach of written contracts with the foreign passengers and fillers, and even with our native sailors. The powers, which made that law, must confer the rights and interests of the American people. We have not made the present necessities of G. B. Britain. We have not influenced the councils or conduct of Prussia. We have often regretted, with Mr. Fox himself, the course of measures, which preceded the present state of things.  Let G. B. Britain, accusing others of the dereliction of principle, adhere to principle with those, who have not deviated from principle. It is the pride of America, that she has professed and practised morality in politics. It will inspire her with firmness in the trials, which Providence may dispense.
We have a right to trade and to manufacture. We are not entirely an agricultural country. So far as we are deprived of our just share of external trade, we shall be led, nay, compelled to manufacture. But more imperious circumstance compels us to promote manufactures. Our crops will rot on our hands through the interruptions of our exports. Those crops are our only ways and means to pay for foreign manufactures. If illegitimate blockades keep them on our farms, we must recur, more and more, to household manufactures, to manufacturing machinery, to mills and light, to increased duties on decrease imports, to reduced consumption, to prohibitions of such goods as are not made of our own raw materials, and to a thousand other devices, which an ingenious necessity (created by illegitimate blockades) will, from day to day suggest. The middle and northern states are disposed to manufactures. The interruption of their navigation and trade will render manufactures necessary to the support of the inhabitants of their seaport towns. The southern states will be ready to agree, that no woollen cloths or blankets shall be imported from Great Britain, that cotton goods of American and foreign manufacture may be only used. The Americans must sacrifice the whole woollen manufacture of G. Britain (not to "rejection of British blockades," but) to the calm support of their own agriculture. We must and will sell our crops or we must and will cease to deal with those, who illegitimately prevent the sale of our crops. This is no light or imaginary business. It is not a matter of an obscure or intricate nature. It is not now thought of for the first time. It is not a local or party
Foreign Intelligence.
NEW-YORK, June 13.
The ship Charlestown, captain Hall, arrived at this port last evening in 38 days from Liverpool. She left there on the 3d of May, and brings London papers of the 31st, two days later than our advices by the Fanny. To the politeness of captain Hall the Editor of the Mercantile Advertiser is indebted for the London "Courrier" of that date, which excepting the articles that follow, is filled with parliamentary debates on Mr. Windham's New Military System.  The trial of Lord Melville was progressing. It had reached the third day; and when the Courrier was put to press Mr. Plummer, of council for his Lordship, was addressing the court after the examination of witnesses.
LONDON, May 1.
By the Prevoyante store ship, arrived in the Downs, the following letter is received, dated Gibraltar 31st of March—"This day's letters from Spain state, that a war between that country and Portugal is certain, and that 50,000 French troops are on their march to Portugal. His Majesty's ship Pompee, Rear Admiral Sir Sidney Smith, capt. Decies, arrived here on the 27th inst. with a fleet under convoy from Falmouth, in 25 days passage."  This morning we received Paris papers to the 26th and Dutch to the 26th. The return of the French troops who were evacuating Germany, has not only been suspended, but Marshal Lefebvre's corps, 20,000 strong, which had but
A FRIEND OF PEACE.
question in America. It concerns Louisiana and Maine; the coasts of the Atlantic, and the banks of the western rivers. We all know and feel that we must export and sell our crops, or we must manufacture and consume our crops. We ask favor of no foreign power. We refuse justice to no foreign nation. We can and will, under Providence, maintain our right to be in business and to exist. Let England take care, no illegitimate conduct, on her part, gives "the name of action" to our indomitable capacities. If she desires that we shall supply her wants and consume the fruits of her industry, let her aid, by all the means in her power, the sales of these productions abroad, with the net proceeds of which we are alone enabled to pay her.
Miscellaneous.
COMMUNICATION.
To new owners and keep clear of bed-bugs.
Alas of the Succotiah kind, to be had from most druggists and apothecaries, dissolved in any kind of spirit to the consistency which may be applied to the joints and crevices of the bedstead, or elsewhere, with a feather, will certainly kill and remove them, about an ounce of aloe, in a gill of spirit, will clear several bedsteads, and the cost but a few cents. It is a good method to mark the breadth of a finger with the solution round each foot of the bed-post.  Balt. Gaz.
From the Beauties of the Evangelical Magazine.
ANECDOOTE OF THE CELEBRATED VOLNEY.
The late Samuel Forrester Baneroff, esq. accompanied Mr. Isaac Weld, junr. in his travels through North America, and the two Canadians, a very interesting narrative of which is published. As they were travelling one of the extensive lakes of the northern states, in a vessel, on board of which was Volney, celebrated or rather notorious for his atheistical principles, which he has so often avowed, a very heavy storm came on, so that the vessel which had repeatedly struck with great force, was expected to go down every instant, the mail having gone by the board, the helmsman quite ungovernable, and consequently the whole scene exhibiting confusion and horror. There were many females as well as male passengers on board, but none exhibited such strong marks of fearful defeat as Volney, throwing himself on the deck, now imploring, now imprecating the captain, and reminding him that he had engaged to convey him safe to the place of his destination, vainly threatening in case anything should happen. At last, however, as the probability of their being lost increased, this great mirror of nature, human or inhuman, began loading all the pockets of his coat, waist-coat, breeches and every place he could think of, with dollars, to the amount of some hundreds; and thus, as he thought, was preparing to swim for his life, should the expected wreck take place. Mr. Baneroff remonstrated with him on the folly of such acts, saying, he would sink like a piece of lead, with so great a weight on him; and at length, as he became so very noisy and unseamanly as to impede the management of the ship, Mr. Baneroff pushed him down the hatchway. Volney soon came up again having lightened himself of the dollars, and in the agony of his mind, threw himself upon the deck, exclaiming with uplifted hands and streaming eyes—"Oh! mon Dieu, mon Dieu—qu'est ce que je fais? qu'est ce que je fais?" "Oh my God, my God! what shall I do? what shall I do?" This so much surprised Baneroff, that notwithstanding the moment did not well accord with the flattery of humor, yet he could not refrain from addressing him—"Et bien! Monsieur Volney, vous avez donc un Dieu à présent?" "Well, Mr. Volney, what—you have a God now?" To which Volney replied with the most trembling anxiety—"Oh! oui! oui! O yes! O yes!" The ship however got safe, and Mr. Baneroff made every company which he went into, echo with this anecdote of Volney's acknowledgement of God. Volney for a considerable time was so hurt at his weakness, as he calls it, that he was ashamed of dwelling himself in company in Philadelphia, &c. but afterwards like a modern French philosopher, said that these words escaped him in the instant of alarm, but had no meaning, and he again utterly renounced them.
A CURIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL FACT.
Although the Cow has been universally considered, and classed among the graminivorous Animals, the following fact, which can be attested by three Gentlemen of respectability, who were eye witnesses, will at least form an exception to that rule of classification. They were riding through a large pasture field in Baltimore county, in which a number of Cows were grazing, when their notice was attracted by the screams of young birds, and on a more minute attention, they discovered a brace of young Larks, barely fledged, which had been driven from the parent's nest, by one of the Cows, by which they were instantly pursued, and after the hesitation of a moment, seized, and actually devoured alive.
PARIS, April 20.
Upon being continued in the office of President of the Tribune, M. Fabre de L'Autre, after expressing his grateful sense of the favors conferred upon him by the Emperor and the Tribune, said "Justice requires us, gentlemen, to proclaim this truth, with which we must be all impressed by our official communications with the Emperor." The necessity of preferring to France her freedom and independence of recruiting her navy, of opposing strong Armies to the Continental Powers which might still think of weaving new plots, and new coalitions, by violating the faith of treaties, could alone have induced his majesty to increase the direct contributions."
FRANKFORT, April 11.
General Kalkreuth has been ordered by his Sovereign to take military possession of Pomerania and the Isle of Rugen.—Resistance is expected.
HAMBURGH, April 9.
Some fermentation is said to exist in Sweden. The Chamber of Commerce of Stockholm having been revoked lately, a letter was read from the king, in which he demanded a contribution to enable him to fit out 15 ships of the line or frigates, to protect the Swedish ships against the French privateers, which had taken a great number of them. The discussion enabled some members to deplored the miseries to which Sweden was subjected by her fatal alliance with England. It was unanimously decided that no sum should be granted to the king.—(We do not believe a word of this article.)
NEW-YORK, June 13.
The ship Charlestown, captain Hall, arrived at this port last evening in 38 days from Liverpool. She left there on the 3d of May, and brings London papers of the 31st, two days later than our advices by the Fanny. To the politeness of captain Hall the Editor of the Mercantile Advertiser is indebted for the London "Courrier" of that date, which excepting the articles that follow, is filled with parliamentary debates on Mr. Windham's New Military System.  The trial of Lord Melville was progressing. It had reached the third day; and when the Courrier was put to press Mr. Plummer, of council for his Lordship, was addressing the court after the examination of witnesses.
LONDON, May 1.
By the Prevoyante store ship, arrived in the Downs, the following letter is received, dated Gibraltar 31st of March—"This day's letters from Spain state, that a war between that country and Portugal is certain, and that 50,000 French troops are on their march to Portugal. His Majesty's ship Pompee, Rear Admiral Sir Sidney Smith, capt. Decies, arrived here on the 27th inst. with a fleet under convoy from Falmouth, in 25 days passage."  This morning we received Paris papers to the 26th and Dutch to the 26th. The return of the French troops who were evacuating Germany, has not only been suspended, but Marshal Lefebvre's corps, 20,000 strong, which had but
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IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED
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West-Indies.
BRIDGETOWN, (Barbadoes) April 29.
There appears strong suspicion that the enemy is forming some project at Guadalupe to attack some of our islands. Accounts from thence mention that great numbers of troops (miserable vagabonds) are collecting in and about Basse Terre, and an extensive depot of ammunition, and provisions made both there and at Point-a-Pitre. It is thought by some that it is for the purpose of co-operating with Victor Hughes in an attack upon Surinam, which it is said, he meditates from Cayenne; but the most probable intention of those demonstrations is a design upon some more contiguous object.
May 13. The Cork fleet which arrived on Sunday, consisted of 67 sail, four having previously proceeded under convoy of the Cygnet to the southern colonies. The whole of those for the other islands have proceeded yesterday and to-day.
Rear Admiral the Hon. Sir A. Cochrane, K. B. failed this day for Antigua.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Kingston, (Jamaica) dated the 15th of May, to his friend in this city:
"I may, I think, venture to say for your information, and that of your Insurance Officers, that it is my opinion, British cruizers will bring in, for adjudication, all American vessels found coming from the ports of St. Domingo, not under the authority of France, as in an illicit trade, contrary to the laws of the U. S. and, in that case, I should suppose the Courts of Admiralty will make short work of it."
Domestic Intelligence.
BOSTON, June 10.
Election of Governor. —Yesterday morning a message from the Senate was received in the House with the report of the Election Committee, which was read.
Mr. Mason moved that the consideration should be postponed to this afternoon, 3 o'clock.
Mr. Dickenson, of Amherst, and Mr. Bangs, of Worcester, opposed the postponement.
A gentleman from Falmouth, was in favor of the postponement, in the hope, that the members would endeavour to inform themselves in the interim, as to render unnecessary long arguments and speeches.
The motion was carried by a considerable majority.
Afternoon.—They again took up the report respecting the votes for Governor.
Mr. Bigelow, after giving a view of some of the consequences which would result from the rejection of votes for a trivial error in spelling, and denying that any precedents existed to justify the report of the committee in this respect, moved that the votes for Caleb Stoon should be placed on the schedule for Caleb Strong.
Mr. Taft read a number of precedents in which the names of candidates materially misspelt, had been allowed to the candidates intended. The instances of misspelling in the times of Hancock, Bowdoin and Adams were numerous.
Mr. Bacon denied that there was any contested election in those times.
It was answered, that in one case there was no choice by the people.
Mr. Adams complained of the course of debate, the subject was taking. The Senate had decided on the report, and sent it for concurrence. If it was amended, it would have to go to that body again, and they might not agree to the amendment and thus embarrassment might be produced.
Mr. McFarland was willing members should speak on the subject, but if the friends of the report thought as he did, they would make no reply. His mind was made up, their arguments would not affect him.
Mr. Thatcher spoke in favor of the motion. He conceived the business must be understood, the report having been printed, and been thoroughly discussed in the Senate. Every member, he thought was now able to decide for himself without the aid of lawyers.
Mr. Upham replied to Mr. B. and commented on the observations of Mr. McFarland.
A question of order arose, and occasioned some debate; in the course of which Mr. Bigelow mentioned there was one of the returns which had no year added to the date. [This error may prove fatal to the report, and confirm the election the people have made.]
Mr. Witham, in consequence of the decision of the Speaker on the question of order, made a new motion somewhat similar to that of Mr. B. and offered many reasons in support of it.
At 7 o'clock the House adjourned to this morning.
MIRANDA'S EXPEDITION.
A letter from a respectable merchant at Curacoa, to a gentleman in Boston, dated May 6, 1806, says—"Miranda's scheme of making a revolution on the Spanish Main, is entirely frustrated; and he only escaped by the superior sailing of his ship. Two of his tenders, laden with all kinds of ammunition, and 60 men of his troops, have fallen into the hands of the Spaniards; himself fought for a quarter of an hour with a Spanish armed brig, near Porto-Cavello, but was obliged to cut his cables and run. After touching at Jacmel, to solicit assistance from the blacks, which he could not get, he came to Aruba ten days ago, gave one thousand dollars for a pilot, and went from thence to Bonaire, where he remained two days to prepare himself for action, and proceeded farther to the Spanish coast, in company with two schooners. He fell in with two Spanish armed brigs, near Laguira, who engaged him, and captured the two tenders. Every individual there is under arms, and well prepared to receive him. He fought without colors. This information was received by our government here; and it is since confirmed from every part of the Spanish Main."
NEW-YORK, June 10.
Extract of a letter from Aruba, to a merchant in Kingston, Jan. dated 3d May, 1806.
"The celebrated Miranda, a native of Caracas, has arrived here with a large American ship, and two armed schooners, having on board 280 men, destined to kindle the torch of Revolution upon the Continent. They have a considerable number of arms and ammunition, 10 Colonels, all the Officers of a New Administration and Municipality. An Embargo was immediately laid on here for 3 days. The greatest part of his people are Frenchmen, who seem to be pretty certain of their undertaking, and who begin here also as well as every where to grasp after the wealth and property of others. It is truly a very hazardous undertaking, for if they make a faux pas, they will surely not be spared."
"This morning arrived a Schooner from Curacoa, with the intelligence that they are at an-
chor at the island of Bonaire, from thence they have sent their Missionaries to preach the new propaganda, and wait for answer, fifty thousand men are said to be already collected for this enterprize, which, it is not known yet, where it will begin."
Another letter from a gentleman of same date.
"I have to acquaint you, Dear Brother, with my arrival here yesterday. I am very sorry that I was not here a fortnight ago, else I should have had the pleasure of seeing the Conqueror of the Main Don Miranda, with his Staff and Administration; he is convinced of the success of his enterprise, I wish it for Jamaica's sake with respect to the great Commercial relation, which it will be furnished with.—He is now at Bonaire, from whence he has sent his deputies to prepare his party to receive him.—He intends to acquaint your Government immediately to open an intercourse as soon as possible.—He promises protection to all those that intend to settle themselves in this Country, either as merchants or as planters."
June 12. The piratical depredations of the British squadron "on the American station," as it is termed by the British ministerial prints, are still continued, and with as much ardour as if the two countries were at open war. The annexed articles will show that this port is not alone subjected to their depredations.
The Schooner Morning Star, Capt. Oldridge, of Providence, failed from thence on the 10th ult. for Washington, North-Carolina. On the 15th, between the Capes of Virginia and Hatteras, she fell in with a British cruising ship, which either carelessly or willfully ran foul of her. An officer boarded the Schooner and impressed one man, an American citizen, with a regular protection. Capt. Oldridge remonstrated against the taking the man, informing him that he was short-handed, having in all but five men, officers included, one of them sick below, and a vessel of 61 tons to navigate, but his remonstrances were in vain. The ship parted from the Chir. and the people on board the latter discovered, that in consequence of the blow she received from the ship, she leaked very badly. Having spent the night in pumping, she was found to have three feet water in her hold, and being then off Ocracoke bar, and blowing a gale, it was thought most safe to attempt going in, even without a pilot; but in attempting it, she struck on the bar, and immediately foundered. The officer from the ship refused to tell her name, or that of her commander, whose conduct reflects so much honour on the British navy.
Daily Adv.
We learn that a British 14 gun brig is now cruising within our bay. A vessel arrived at Salem on Friday last, was boarded on the same day by this privateer, and had her letters and papers opened and strictly examined. The commander of the brig informed the Salem captain, that he should keep a good look out for a number of ships (of which he said he had a list) homeward bound to this and the neighbouring ports from distant places. A letter has been received at Russell's insurance office, which had been broken open, and endorsed on the back, "examined by one of His Majesty's privateers, June 6, 1806." Bost. Gaz.
It appears, from this article, that they have their Scouts in every port on the continent, who no doubt come in for a share of the profits.
The British frigate Chichester, captain Stopford, mounting 44 guns, put in here yesterday for stores. She belongs to Admiral Cochrane's squadron, and has had a passage of 18 days from Barbadoes.
A letter from the Marquis Casa Yrujo, dated Philadelphia, the 4th February, with a postscript of the 11th of the same month, addressed to the Governor General of Venezuela and Caraccas, has been found on board a prize vessel lately sent into Kingston, (Jam.) from which the following relation is taken respecting Miranda, &c.
"That on his return from Washington, where he had been for a few weeks, he received information that the traitor Miranda had failed from New-York the day before, in the ship Leander, mounting 18 guns; that he had merchandise and ammunition of all kinds, and warlike stores on board, such as lead in sheets, iron, balls, muskets, and particularly a large quantity of pikes, the greater part without handles, for the convenience of their being concealed, that a three masted Schooner went in company with him; previous to this, a captain Lewis sailed with two Schooners for Port-au-Prince, near which place there was a position occupied by 2500 mulattoes, who on a former occasion, had promised him to ship themselves in a body, if he would procure a country for them to go to, as they were afraid of being massacred by the blacks; the mulattoes are under the command of one Pichon or Petion. Lewis had with him powder and ball, some hundred stand of arms and 1600 pikes; there were two vessels fitting out on the same expedition from Boston, one of which had failed, but he could not tell her name, that the ship Louisiana had failed, mounting 16 guns, with 20 field pieces and 12 mortars on board, a considerable quantity of arms and ammunition, and a complete equipage for mounting a regiment of cavalry, that the result of his inquiries is, the
Indostan and Emperor had cleared and failed for St. Marc's and Jacquetel.
Leander, for Curaccas.
Louisiana, cleared for Port-au-Prince.
Two vessels from Boston.
Captain Lewis with two Schooners,
And a three masted Schooner that failed in company with the Leander.
"From the best information he could obtain they carried about 1200 men for disembarkation, taking as many as they could in each vessel, so as not to give rise to suspicion; that he has no doubt but they are destined against the Caraccas, and therefore sends this account, that he may be prepared against any surprize from these pirates."
From the Evening Post.
MR. COLEMAN,
Sir,
Observing that you have published, in the Evening Post, our memorials read in Congress on the twenty-first of April last, we think it our duty to correct an error which is contained therein, in using the name of the collector of the port, instead of the naval officer.
The particular paragraph alluded to is as follows, to wit.
"That the extraordinary equipment of the ship Leander though made with some appearance of secrecy, was a matter of general conversation and of great notoriety, in New-York for a long time before the failed.—That several officers of the government of the United States were acquainted with it—that in particular it was well known to the collector of the port of New-York, to whom a formal representation was made by an officer of high rank, under the government of the state, and the collector was by him called upon to notice the fact, but the
collector refused to do so, saying, it was not his official duty to notice the representation."
At the time our memorials were presented we did believe the facts as stated in the above paragraph to be correct, and the memorials were drawn under a conviction that they had been communicated to us by Major General Ebenezer Stevens, who is the officer of rank under the state government there alluded to; but from subsequent conversations with General Stevens we find that there was a mistake in giving the name of the collector as the person to whom he made the communication respecting the Leander.
He now informs us, that some time previous to the sailing of the Leander he called at the Custom-House with an intention of making a communication relative to the said ship, and finding the collector at the moment occupied on other business, he went into the office of Samuel Osgood, esquire, the naval officer, and there communicated to him the facts within his knowledge, as to the extraordinary equipment of the ship Leander, observing to him, that he conceived the collector, naval officer, district judge and district attorney, could form a competent board to demand of General Miranda, Colonel Smith and Mr. Ogden, an explanation of the nature and intention of the expedition.
The naval officer replied that as the ship was cleared for Jacquetel, there was no law to prevent her sailing; and no notice it appears was afterwards taken of the representation.—Whether it was communicated or not to the collector, Mr. Osgood can best inform.
We request those printers, who have thought proper to publish the memorials, to republish the above.
WILLIAM S. SMITH, SAMUEL G. OGDEN.
New-York, June 10, 1806. P. S. We are authorised and desire to add that the above has been submitted to General Stevens for his inspection, and has been approved by him.
EDITOR OF E. POST.
FROM THE AURORA.
POLITICAL VIEWS.
No. 1.
In former papers we have sketched without a studied attention to style or manner, such political considerations as appeared to arise naturally out of the contemplation of the present state of European nations, and the changes which must inevitably arise out of events so extensive and extraordinary as have arisen in Europe, since the wars of the convention at Pilnitz.
We have endeavoured to fathom futurity, and to anticipate political revolutions of a momentous kind in the north and in the east of Europe. We propose taking the same subjects up, under a different form, though the operation of events which we have furnished, we deem conscientious and inseparable from the new point of view in which we propose to examine the subject.
Our former speculations embraced only the military and the governmental transactions and their consequence. The discussions which we now propose, embrace the commercial consequences, and the commercial incitements which have given direction to the combined operations of war in the Mediterranean and the Baltic.
The principal commercial consequences that must arise from the revolutions which have taken place, and that are to follow, would embrace the internal communications between the nations of Europe and the interior navigation of the continental states. These are no doubt the most important to the people of the populous and commercial nations of that section of the globe, and afford ample scope for interesting enquiries.
But they do not so immediately belong to the views we have already taken; it must be acceptable to those who have leisure to study such topics to find an abstract view taken of the subject in this form; to perceive how policy and war operate in the course and direction of universal commerce. There is another consideration, and that is a strong one, which leads us to prefer an examination of the influence of the existing state of things on the external commerce of Europe, rather than the internal, and that is the direct and the indirect effects which may be produced on the commerce of the U. S.
The commerce of the United States may derive pecuniary advantage from changes in the Baltic, by the enhancement of the prices of commodities of which the like are produced here—our iron, timber, lumber, hemp, pitch, tar, &c. &c. may find a more ready and advantageous market in Europe, if the Baltic should be closed by either power, against the rival power.
But the most important consideration, and it comprehends reasonings and consequences both of policy and commerce, is what relates to the trade of the Mediterranean—the whole of the Levant trade, and its incidental commerce with Asia, and Egypt, and Africa.
It is well known, that young as we are among nations, the commerce of the Mediterranean, has been deemed of the utmost consequence, by successive legislatures. To the commercial nations of Europe generally it has been deemed of the highest importance. It is to sustain and to secure this commerce, that Gibraltar and Minorca, and Malta, have been so often taken, and made the ostensible causes of war. It is the commercial riches derived from this great reservoir that has stimulated the ambition of Russia, of Austria, of England and of France, at different periods.
From these obvious truths, it is reasoning in a direct line, to infer that France, while she aims at the reduction of British power, by shutting her commerce out from the ports of Europe, will not if practicable leave her unopposed in the enjoyment of the Levant and the Mediterranean trade.
"France wants ships, colonies and commerce," to said Bonaparte. On the shores and islands of the Archipelago, in the semi-barbarous soil of the once classic Greece, on the ancient theatre of the sciences and the arts, philosophy, eloquence, arms, are to be found fetes for colonies, prepared with a hardly but feathered race of men to receive the impression which French vivacity and comprehensive ambition may be desirous of making; where the surplus of its forty millions of population will find new dwellings and new fields for adventure, the novelty which is the national characteristic to seek, and without those delays or discouragements with which long voyages are so apt to blast the enterprizes of an ardent and versatile people.
"France wants ships," and in the forests which shade the shores of the Propontis and the Euxine, from Moldavia and Wallachia, is to be found the hairy cupped oak and the cluster oak, (Quercus, Orientalis, Latalifolia, &c. and the Quercus Orientalis, glandis cylindriciformis, of Tournefort) and which are to be found in their forests, together with the (Quercus cerris) Turkey oak, in the forests from the Trebizond throughout Asia, Minor and Syria; where the Pinus pinaster, (or Stone Pine) and the laricio, (or Corsican Pine) are likewise abundant, and every species of wood and timber known in the naval arsenals of Europe.
Long before the revolution, the French government had procured masts, spars, yards, and heavy timber for ships equal to those brought from the Baltic, in the Levant, and from the ports of the Euxine and Moldavia—from Galos and Sinepe—from Cattaro and the Gulph of Lastrina, from Durazzo, Janina, and the Cephalonian Straits, from Patras and Lavidia, from the Gulphs of Salonica and Corfou the alliance, or the power of France may draw materials for ships for war or for commerce, and cargoes to load them. In Phocaea, now called the Marea which once contained the celebrated Spartans, and from whom will proceed incentives to rouse those passions which never fail to influence war—from that Sparta (colonies)
of which were the progenitors of the modern Corsicans, an alliance by new colonies will serve to destroy prejudices which want but some such affiliation to render them scarcely objects of conversation; seeing the glory which Corfou genius has shed upon France, genius educated and allured at once by habit and by glory, to her fame and defences.
In the Levant there will be founded those colonies which France wants—there are ports, harbors, materials for naval equipment and the most ample resources that now exist, for universal commerce. At every step classic example and emulation, furnish incentives to enterprize and to fame; Achaia, Lycannia, Corinth, Argos, Tigala and Lacedemon, Messenia, and an hundred other places memorable in classic history, give interest and importance to the ancient Peloponnesus, the modern Morea; and on the adjacent shores formed by the Saronic and Corinthian gulphs, Achaia and Attica—Athens and their fame—Megara and Thebes, Thebes and Boetia, and their thousand associate nations, Thessaly, Macedon and Epirus flush upon the mind—here the spirit of a nation proverbially vivacious and elevated by glory and triumph unexampled, find a theatre to satiate their ambition—and resources already prepared to gratify the most covetous cravings of commerce.
In a word, there exist at once the means of temptation and gratification superadded to a political necessity, arising out of the meditated destruction of France by the conspirators at Pilnitz—which compels France to rule and to counteract all those who would have destroyed, and would still destroy her.
Notwithstanding that the Mediterranean was once the centre of universal commerce, and although even since the passage round the Cape of Good Hope, it has been the chief mart of Europe, the knowledge of its immense resources and riches—has been by the spirit of mercantile monopoly, and selfishness, confined to a few companies and a few adventurous merchants in different countries, who have ever considered it their best policy to keep within themselves that knowledge, which if diffused might excite competition, and over trade the market.
Knowledge on this as well as all other subjects, always yields to enterprize; the American merchants have penetrated the remotest bays and inlets—the islands and gulphs of the Levant—Syria and Egypt, Cyrene and the African shores have sent their winds to fill the American canvas and to display the colors of the new world.
Through the industry and liberality of an American, well acquainted by a long residence and a business attention to the commerce of the Levant, the Italian and Barbary coasts—and the channels of the Propontis and the Euxine, we are possessed of abundance of facts from which the dispassionate and discerning reader will be able to determine with what degree of reasonable probability, we have formed many of our anticipations and conclusions on those political relations of the powers of Europe which we have constantly discussed. These data shall be the basis of future essays.
The discussion will enable men who think correctly, to discover the mistakes of those who declaim from passion, rather than consult common sense; it will show that even ambitious men are not so indifferent to common sense or to the superior and more splendid incitements of their particular interests than superfluous writers are willing to allow or capable of discerning; and in proportion as these truths are rendered clear, intelligible and incontrovertible, will be able to amuse at the fantasies with which we are sometimes amused by those who for want of data or sober reflection, resort to the imagination to supply the places of fact.
The Enquirer.
RICHMOND, 20th JUNE.
Among the literary relictues of the venerable George Wythe, were found the following rare and curious papers in the hand writing of Mr. Jefferson. The first is a copy of the original Declaration of our Independence, as it came from the hands of its author: The other is a plan of a Bill of Rights and of a Constitution for Virginia, composed by Mr. Jefferson. For the permission to peruse and publish these papers, we are indebted to the politeness of Major Duval, the late executor of the estate.
The federal assertion that Mr. Jefferson was not the author of this celebrated declaration, has long since been refuted, or else these papers would have furnished the most abundant refutation. What now will become of the no less unfounded assertion, that this paper as it was adopted by Congress, owes much of its beauty and its force to the committee appointed to draught it? The world will see that not only were very few additions made by the committee, but that they even struck out two of the most forcible and striking passages in the whole composition. For what reasons, for what reasons, to be discovered.
The passages omitted in the original composition are printed in Italics. This Bill and Constitution as we have them in manuscript, are without any mark to note the date of their production. It is presumed however, that they were written in 1776. The constitution, written by Mr. Jefferson, in '83, is already published in the appendix to some of the Editions of his "Notes on Virginia."
(No. 1.)
A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN GENERAL CONGRESS ASSEMBLED.
When in the course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with inherent and inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence indeed will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes. And accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, begun at a distinguished period, and pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to expunge their former systems of government. The history of the present king of Great Britain, is a history of unremitting injuries and usurpations, among which appears no solitary fact, to contradict the uniform tenor of the rest; but all have in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this let facts be submitted to a candid
world, for the truth of which we pledge a faith yet unfulfilled by falsehood.
He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good:
He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has neglected utterly to attend to them:
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only:
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, and continually for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people:
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within:
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands.
He has suffered the administration of justice totally to cease in some of these states, refusing his assent to laws for establishing judicial powers:
He has made our judges dependant on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices and the amount and payment of their salaries:
He has erected a multitude of new offices by a self-assumed power, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people and eat out their substance:
He has kept among us in times of peace standing armies and ships of war, without the consent of our legislatures:
He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power:
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitutions, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation for quartering large bodies of armed troops among us;
for protecting them by a mock trial from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states;
for cutting off our trade with all parts of the world;
for imposing taxes on us without our consent;
for depriving us of the benefits of trial by jury;
for transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences;
for abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these states;
for taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments:
for suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here, withdrawing his governors, and declaring us out of his allegiance and protection:
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people:
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy unworthy the head of a civilized nation:
He has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an unqualified destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions of existence:
He has incited treasonable insurrections of our fellow-citizens, with the allurements of foreign aid and confiscation of our property:
He has constrained others, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people, and never intended him, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur a miserable death in their transportation hither. This piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infallible powers, is the warfare of the christian king of Great Britain. Determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought and sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce: and that this assent of horrors might want no fact of distinguished dye, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them, by murdering them; thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another.
In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms; our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is

election re-established them in power. At this time, they are permitting their chief magistrates to fend over not only soldiers of our common blood, but [Scotch and] foreign mercenaries to invade and destroy us. These facts have given rise to a natural and necessary affection; and many spirit bids us to renounce for ever those unfeeling brethren. We must endeavour to forget our former love for them, and to hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends. We might have been a free and a great people together; but a communication of grandeur and of freedom, it seems, is below their dignity. Be it so, fare they will have it: the road to happiness and to glory is open to us too; we will climb it apart from them, & acquire in the necessity which denounces our eternal separation!
We therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, do, in the name and by authority of the good people of these states, reject and renounce all allegiance and subjection to the king of Great-Britain, and all others who may hereafter claim by, through, or under them; we utterly disavow all political connection which may heretofore have subsisted between us and the parliament or people of Great-Britain; and finally we do assert, these colonies to be free and independent states, and that as free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts, and things which independent states may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.
(No. II.)
A BILL for re-modeling the form of Government and for establishing the Fundamental Principles thereof in future.
WHEREAS George, King of Great-Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover, heretofore entrusted with the exercise of the kingly office in this government, hath endeavored to pervert the same into a detestable and insupportable tyranny—
By putting his negative on laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good;
By denying to his governors permission to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation for his assent, and, when so suspended, neglecting to attend to them for many years;
By refusing to pass certain other laws, unless the persons to be benefited by them would relinquish the inalienable right of representation in the legislature;
By dissolving legislative assemblies repeatedly and continually for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people;
When dissolved by refusing to call others for a long space of time, thereby leaving the political system without any legislative head;
By endeavoring to prevent the population of our country, and for that purpose obstructing the laws for the naturalization of foreigners and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands;
By keeping among us, in times of peace, standing armies and ships of war;
By affecting to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power;
By combining with others to subject us to a foreign jurisdiction, giving his assent to their pretended acts of legislation—
for quartering large bodies of troops among us; for cutting off our trade with all parts of the world;
for imposing taxes on us without our consent; for depriving us of the benefits of trial by jury; for transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences; and
for suspending our own legislatures and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever;
By plundering our seas, ravaging our coasts, burning our towns and destroying the lives of our people;
By inciting insurrections of our fellow-subjects with the allurements of forfeiture and confiscation;
By prompting our negroes to rise in arms among us; those very negroes whom by an inhuman use of his negative, he hath refused us permission to exclude by law;
By endeavouring to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions of existence;
By transporting at this time a large army of foreign mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy so unworthy the head of a civilized nation;
By answering our repeated petitions for redress with a repetition of injuries; and, finally, By abandoning the helm of government and declaring us out of his allegiance and protection.
By which several acts of misrule, the said George, King of Great-Britain, hath forfeited the kingly office, and has rendered it necessary for the preservation of the people, that he should be immediately deposed from the same, and divested of all its privileges, powers and prerogatives.
And forasmuch as the public liberty may be more certainly secured by abolishing an office which all experience hath shown to be inevitably inimical thereto, and it will thereupon become necessary to re-establish such ancient principles as are friendly to the rights of the people, and to declare certain others which may co-operate with and fortify the same in future.
Be it therefore enacted by the authority of the people, That the said George, King of Great-Britain, and his heirs and successors, be and hereby is deposed from the kingly office within this government, and absolutely divested of all its rights, powers and prerogatives; and that he and his descendants, and all persons claiming by or through him, and all other persons whatsoever, shall be for ever hereafter incapable of the same; and that the said office shall henceforth be abolished and never more either in name or substance be re-established within this colony.
And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the following fundamental laws and principles of government shall henceforth be established.
I. LEGISLATIVE. Legislation shall be exercised by two separate bodies, to wit: a House of Representatives and a House of Senators, which shall be called the General Assembly of Virginia.
The said House of Representatives shall be composed of persons chosen by the people annually on the [1st day of October] and shall meet in General Assembly on the [1st day of November] following, and so from time to time on their own adjournments, or at any other time when summoned by the administrator, and shall continue sitting so long as they shall think the public service requires. Vacancies in the said House by death or disqualification shall be filled by the electors under a warrant from the Speaker of the said House.
All male persons of full age and sane mind having a freehold estate in [one fourth of an acre] of land in any town, or in [25] acres of land in the country, and all persons resident in the colony who shall have paid scot and lot to government the last [two years] shall have right to give their vote in the election of their respective Representatives, and every person so qualified to elect shall be capable of being elected, provided he shall have given no bribe either directly or indirectly to any elector, and shall take an oath of fidelity to the state & of duty in his office, before he enters on the exercise thereof. During his continuance in the said office he shall hold no public pension nor post of profit, either himself, or by another for his use.
The number of Representatives for each county or borough shall be so proportioned to the number of its qualified electors that the whole number of Representatives shall not exceed [300] nor be less than [195.] For the present there shall be one Representative for every [ ] qualified elector in each county or borough: but whenever this or any future proportion shall be likely to exceed or fall short of the limits beforementioned, it shall be again adjusted by the House of Representatives. The House of Representatives when met shall be free to act according to their own judgment and conscience.
The Senate shall consist of not less than [15] nor more than [50] members who shall be appointed by the House of Representatives. One third of them shall be removed out of office by lot at the end of the first [three] years and their places be supplied by a new appointment; one other third shall be removed by lot in like manner at the end of the second [three] years and their places be supplied by a new appointment; after which one third shall be removed at the end of every [three] years according to seniority. When once removed, they shall be for ever incapable of being re-appointed to that house. Their qualifications shall be an oath of fidelity to the state, and of duty in their office, the being [31] years of age at the least, and the having given no bribe directly or indirectly to obtain their appointment. While in the Senatorial office they shall be incapable of holding any public pension or post of profit either themselves, or by others for their use.
The judges of the general court and of the high court of chancery shall have session and deliberative voice, but not suffrage in the House of Senators.
The Senate and the House of Representatives shall each of them have power to originate and amend bills; save only that bills for levying money shall be originated and amended by the Representatives only: the assent of both Houses shall be requisite to pass a law.
The General Assembly shall have power to pass any law inflicting death for any crime, excepting murder, and those offences in the military service for which they shall think punishment by death absolutely necessary; and all capital punishments in other cases are hereby abolished. Nor shall they have power to prescribe torture in any case whatsoever: nor shall there be power any where to pardon crimes or to remit fines or punishments: nor shall any law for levying money be in force longer than (ten years) from the time of its commencement. (Two thirds) of the members of either House shall be a quorum to proceed to business.
II. EXECUTIVE. The executive powers shall be exercised in manner following:
One person to be called the (Administrator) shall be annually appointed by the House of Representatives on the second day of their first session, who after having acted (one) year, shall be incapable of being again appointed to that office until he shall have been out of the same (three) years.
Under him shall be appointed by the same house and at the same time a deputy administrator to assist his principal in the discharge of his office, and to succeed, in case of his death before the year shall have expired, to the whole powers thereof during the residue of the year.
The Administrator shall possess the powers formerly held by the king: save only that, he shall be bound by acts of legislature that not expressly named; He shall have no negative on the bills of the legislature;
He shall be liable to action, tho' not to personal restraint for private duties or wrongs; He shall not possess the prerogatives Of dissolving, proroguing or adjourning either House of Assembly;
Of declaring war or concluding peace; Of issuing letters of marque or reprisal; Of raising or introducing armed forces, building armed vessels, forts, or strong holds; Of coining monies or regulating their value; Of regulating weights and measures; Of erecting courts, offices, boroughs, corporations, fairs, markets, ports, beacons, lighthouses, seamarks.
Of laying embargoes, or prohibiting the exportation of any commodity for a longer space than (40) days.
Of retaining or recalling a member of the state but by legal process pro delicto vel contractu.
Of making denizens; Of creating dignities or granting rights of precedence.
But these powers shall be exercised by the legislature alone, and excepting also those powers which by these fundamentals are given to others, or abolished.
A privy council shall be annually appointed by the House of Representatives, whose duty it shall be to give advice to the Administrator when called on by him. With them the Deputy Administrator shall have session and suffrage.
Delegates to represent this colony in the American Congress shall be appointed when necessary by the House of Representatives. After serving [one] year in that office they shall not be capable of being re-appointed to the same during an interval of [one] year.
A treasurer shall be appointed by the House of Representatives who shall issue no money but by authority of both houses.
An attorney-general shall be appointed by the House of Representatives.
High-sheriffs and coroners of counties shall be annually elected by those qualified to vote for representatives; and no person who shall have served as high-sheriff [one] year shall be capable of being re-elected to the said office in the same county till he shall have been out of office [five] years.
All other officers civil and military shall be appointed by the administrator; but such appointment shall be subject to the negative of the privy council. Saving however to the legislature a power of transferring to any other persons the appointment of such officers or of any of them.
III. JUDICIARY. The judiciary powers shall be exercised. First by county courts and other inferior jurisdictions; Secondly by a general court and a high court of chancery; Thirdly by a court of appeals. The judges of the county courts and other inferior jurisdictions shall be appointed by the administrator, subject to the negative of the privy council. They shall not be fewer than [five] in number. Their jurisdiction shall be defined from time to time by the legislature; and they shall be removable for misbehavior by the court of appeals.
The judges of the general court and of the high court of chancery shall be appointed by the administrator and privy council. If kept united they shall be [5] in number, if separate, there shall be [5] for the general court and [3] for the high court of chancery. The appointment shall be made from the faculty of the law, and of such persons of that faculty as shall have actually exercised the same at the bar of some court or courts of record within this colony for [seven] years. They shall hold their commissions during good behavior, for breach of which they shall be removable by the court of appeals. Their jurisdiction shall be defined from time to time by the legislature. The court of appeals shall consist of not less than [7] nor more than [11] members, to be appointed by the House of Representatives: they shall hold their offices during good behavior, for breach of which they shall be removable by an act of the legislature only. Their jurisdiction shall be to determine finally all causes removed before them from the general court or high court of chancery, or of the county courts or other inferior jurisdictions for misbehavior: to try impeachments against high offenders lodged before them by the House of Representatives for such crimes as shall hereafter be precisely defined by the legislature, and for all fines and amercements shall be assessed, and terms of imprisonment for contempts and misdemeanors shall be fixed by the verdict of a jury.
All process original and judicial shall run in the name of the court from which it issues. Two thirds of the members of the general court, high court of chancery, or court of appeals shall be a quorum to proceed to business.
IV. RIGHTS PRIVATE AND PUBLIC. Unappropriated or forfeited lands shall be appropriated by the administrator with the consent of the privy council. Every person of full age neither owning nor having owned (50) acres of land, shall be entitled to an appropriation of (50) acres or to so much as shall make up what he owns or has owned (50) acres in full and absolute dominion. And no other person shall be capable of taking an appropriation. Lands heretofore holden of the crown in fee-simple, and those hereafter to be appropriated shall be holden in full and absolute dominion, of no superior whatever. No lands shall be appropriated until purchased of the Indian native proprietors; nor shall any purchases be made of them but on behalf of the public, by authority of acts of the general assembly to be passed for every purchase specially. The territories contained within the charters erecting the colonies of Maryland, Pennsylvania, North and South Carolina, are hereby ceded, released, and forever confirmed to the people of those colonies respectively, with all the rights of property, jurisdiction and government and all other rights therein whatsoever which might at any time heretofore have been claimed by this colony. The western and northern extent of this country shall in all other respects stand as fixed by the charter of 1764 until by act of the legislature one or more territories shall be laid off westward of the Allegheny mountains for new colonies, which colonies shall be established on the same fundamental laws contained in this instrument, and shall be free and independent of this colony and of all the world. Descendants shall go according to the laws of Gavelkind, save only that females shall have equal rights with males. No person hereafter coming into this country shall be held within the same in slavery under any pretext whatever. All persons who by their own oath or affirmation, or by other testimony shall give satisfactory proof to any court of record in this colony that they purpose to reside in the same (7) years at the least and who shall subscribe the fundamental laws, shall be considered as residents and entitled to all the rights of persons natural born. All persons shall have full and free liberty of religious opinion; nor shall any be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious institution. No freeman shall be deprived the use of arms (within his own lands or tenements.) There shall be no standing army but in time of actual war. Printing presses shall be free, except so far as by commission of private injury cause may be given of private action. All forfeitures heretofore going to the king, shall go to the state; save only such as the legislature may hereafter abolish. The royal claim to wrecks, waifs, strays, treasure-trove, royal mines, royal fish, royal birds, are declared to have been usurpations on common right. No salaries or perquisites shall be given to any officer but by some future act of the legislature. No salaries shall be given to the administrator, members of the legislative houses, judges of the court of appeals, judges of the county courts, or other inferior jurisdictions, privy counsellors, or Delegates to the American Congress; but the reasonable expenses of the administrator, members of the house of representatives, judges of the court of appeals, privy counsellors and delegates, for subsistence while acting in the duties of their office, may be borne by the public, if the legislature shall so direct. No person shall be capable of acting in any office civil, military [or ecclesiastical] who shall have given any bribe to obtain such office, or who shall not previously take an oath of fidelity to the state. None of these fundamental laws and principles of government shall be repealed or altered, but by the personal consent of the people on summons to meet in their respective counties on one and the same day, by an act of legislature to be passed for every special occasion; and if in such county meetings the people of two-thirds of the counties shall give their suffrage for any particular alteration or repeal referred to them by the said act, the same shall be accordingly repealed or altered, and such repeal or alteration shall take its place among these fundamentals, and stand on the same footing with them, in lieu of the article repealed or altered. The laws heretofore in force in this colony shall remain in force, except so far as they are altered by the foregoing fundamental laws, or so far as they may be hereafter altered by acts of the legislature.
COMMUNICATION. The Enquirer of the 17th June, contains a statement of the affair between Mr. Thomas Mann Randolph and Mr. John Randolph, on the evening of the 1st day of the session of Congress; which is as incorrect and untruthful, as it is inapt in its language and extravagant in the endeavor to exalt Mr. J. R. at the expense of the gentleman, with whom by his habitual diffidence of the feelings of others, and carelessness at the moment, he embroiled himself on that occasion. The statement, it is manifest, was neither made nor corrected by a person who had been actually present at one even of the interviews and conversations which took place. It is an account which wears the appearance of being drawn up ex-parte, with the view to make those not acquainted with the character of Mr. T. M. R. believe, that a triumph was obtained over him by Mr. J. R. through intimidating means; which all who are acquainted with the former know to be impossible. Can Mr. J. R. have a wish; can he even consent to wear a laurel which he knows well, it is utterly impossible he ever should obtain the right to wear?
The pacific conduct of Mr. T. M. R. was produced by a conviction, that he was mistaken in supposing Mr. J. R. had addressed offensive words to him, and by the most decided belief that Mr. J. R. was more hurt in mind than irritated at the occurrence, and had a sincere and cool desire for accommodation. The first belief was produced by the language of Mr. Garnett to himself: the second by the conduct of that gentleman at the different interviews, which demonstrated that accommodation was not only his ardent wish, but his object throughout, and by the tenor of the message from Mr. J. R. which was not a challenge under his hand; the thing expected, and which would have instantly stopped all discussion; but such as was stated in the Enquirer.
The evidence of the correctness of the first belief will, no doubt, be given to the public as soon as the note beneath meets the eye of Mr. Coles." The second must rest upon the memory & the candor of Mr. Garnett, if not fully supported by the circumstance stated here. That gentleman certainly made all possible exertion, to bring about an accommodation; he kept it steadily in view, and when his hopes of success were for a moment damped, which happened at the conclusion of the first conversation, and about the middle of the second, he flew not only the strongest sensibility, but much emotion and even great distress of mind. No messages were delivered by him in that spirit, which is endeavored to be rendered in the communication. That in the seventh period of it, which is said in the eighth to have been given to Mr. T. M. R. at the second interview, was never delivered to him under any such form or manner, nor did Mr. Garnett say that Mr. J. R. would expect reparation or a meeting more than once, which was at the first interview, when the latter was instantly accepted by Mr. T. M. R. who was not then sufficiently satisfied that Mr. J. R. did not mean for him the offensive expressions which he had said in the house. Mr. Garnett, upon being told by Mr. T. M. R. when he demanded an explanation from him at the first interview, that what had been said in the house by him, was addressed to Mr. J. R. and was intended to retaliate for insulting language directed to him by that gentleman, immediately observed that what was said by Mr. J. R. was not intended for Mr. T. M. R.; upon which Mr. T. M. R. replied, that, if so, he had done Mr. J. R. an injury for which he should blame himself much, & would be ready to make any reparation which a man of honor ought to make. The word "culpable" was used at all by Mr. J. R. Mr. Garnett's authority for such an assertion was not demanded by Mr. T. M. R. for although he came without a line he could not fail to be sufficiently accredited to him. Mr. Garnett may have transcended his authority: his motive and apology, if so, will perhaps be found in his character. Mr. T. M. R. was confirmed in this belief too, by a plain and natural inference that a call for explanation implied a desire to procure peaceful satisfaction, for as he remembered well, that when he asked leave of the house to reply to the gentleman, Mr. J. R. cried out he hoped leave would be granted, in a tone and with a manner which produced the excessive warmth, not before felt by Mr. T. M. R. from which his violent language flowed. It did not occur to him that Mr. J. R. could have supposed his expressions to be meant for any other than himself, as it has since appeared he did. Those sentiments operating on the mind of Mr. T. M. R., not counteracted by any previous animosity against Mr. J. R., and greatly strengthened by the regret he felt at the indecorum he had committed before the house, in which he had before maintained a character of moderation, not checked in the least at the moment by any anticipation of the injudicious misrepresentations which have been since made of his conduct; those reflections dictated his last observations. The desire on the part of Mr. J. R., to have a hostile meeting that evening or the next morning, was never hinted to Mr. T. M. R. by any one. The least insinuation of the first would have put fire to every nerve in his body: he has not an acquaintance who would not vouch for that. He has always thought that the sword was the only honorable weapon, where there was such personal equality as the case afforded, and a desire to use that weapon alone could have dictated such an offer at a late hour, between 10 and 11 o'clock of one of the darkest nights of the whole year. Mr. Coles gave no hint of such a proposal, nor did he say a word of any arrangement at all between Mr. Garnett & himself. Mr. T. M. R. left that gentleman after the conversation, immediately previous to his last observations in the house, with his mind fully convinced that he had been mistaken, and that the most honorable as well as most honest course he could pursue was the one he did; for he had just before Mr. Coles came to him, consulted several friends and other false members, not those accidentally seated near him, as the communication states, and had been assured by all that he was mistaken. He had not Mr. R.'s words at all in his recollection, but the impression only they had made on him. The message, said in the 16th period of the communication to have been sent to Mr. T. M. R., was never delivered. If it had been, when, as it is said the House was rising, the subsequent misrepresentations would perhaps have been completely prevented; by a termination of the affair on the spot, in a way which, altho' Mr. T. M. R. never courts, he has formerly proved himself to be and is still as ready to adopt, when necessary, as Mr. J. R. ever can be. It is much more probable that the message which was really sent, has been since rendered in that language, in a moment of passion, than that it was given so at that time to Mr. Garnett, who is incapable of bearing one so absurd, or that it should have been suppressed by Mr. Coles, if Mr. Garnett had consented to carry it. Certainly Mr. Coles said no more to Mr. T. M. R. than that he had been informed by Mr. Garnett, that Mr. J. R. expressed perfect satisfaction at the justice which had been done him, to which Mr. Coles added, "you have done what your duty to yourself and the house, as well as justice to Mr. R. required of you."
Mr. Isaac A. Coles, of Albemarle county, Virg., is requested to give answer to the following question, for the satisfaction of the public:—Did not Mr. Garnett assure you that Mr. J. R. did not intend for Mr. T. M. R. the observations he made in the H. of R. on the evening of the 21st April?
THE Subscriber, offers for sale, twenty-five acres of LAND, adjoining to his Farm, about one mile from this City on the main-road leading to Williamsburg—pleasantly situated, and convenient to good water. An indispensible title will be given to the purchaser. JOHN GLYNN. (oaw 3w.)
RICHMOND ACADEMY LOTTERY. NOTICE is hereby given, that the Trustees have appointed the 1st day of August next, for the payment of the Prizes drawn in the 2nd Class of the above LOTTERY, at which time they will be paid by the Subscriber on application. All persons holding money on account of the said Lottery, are requested to make immediate payment to one of the Trustees or to deposit the same in the Bank of Virginia. GEORGE TUCKER, Acting Trustee. June 20. (oaw18w.)
FOR SALE. TWO tracts of LAND, lying in the County of Fluvanna, one of them lying on Hardawere river, and within one & an half miles of James river, containing 385 acres, one on Cares creek, and within one mile of the north fork of James river, containing 564 acres. A further description is deemed unnecessary as it is presumed that no person will purchase without viewing the same, which will be shown by the subscriber living in Albemarle. WILLIAM MOON. June 20. (efor.)
Sales at Auction. Will be sold, privately, on the 27th day of the month, June, on the premises, at 11 o'clock A. M. THE TENEMENT known in Wm. G. Payne's plan by the No. 214, containing two acres, more or less—for cash. PROSSER & MONCURE v. m's. June 17. tdf.
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY. SALE OF SHARES. NOTICE is hereby given, that all shares upon which the tenth requisition shall remain unpaid, will be offered for sale at Mr. Brooke's tavern, on Saturday the 19th of July next. The sale to commence at 12 o'clock in the forenoon.
GENERAL MEETING. As a sufficient number of members, to constitute a meeting, did not attend on Saturday the 14th instant; I am therefore authorized to give notice that a meeting of the company will be held at Mr. Brooke's tavern, on Saturday the 19th of July next, when it is expected, members will be punctual in their attendance, which business of importance to the interest of the company particularly requires. JAMES BRANDER, Clk. Manchester, June 20, 1806.
SECOND CLASS. SCHEME OF A LOTTERY, FOR THE BENEFIT OF WILLIAM & MARY COLLEGE.
Table with 2 columns: Prize description, Amount in Dollars. 5998 Tickets that drew blanks in the first class & may be renewed in this at ten dollars each. 59,980. 4685 Tickets at fifteen dollars each, 70,275. Total 129,635. Deduct loss on 2000 tickets that drew prizes of fifteen dollars each, in first class, and may be renewed in this, at 3 1/4 dollars each, 4,500. Net 125,135.
Table with 2 columns: Prize description, Amount in Dollars. 2 prizes of 5,000 each 10,000. 4 of 2,000 8,000. 16 of 1,000 16,000. 16 of 500 8,000. 32 of 200 6,400. 160 of 100 15,000. 242 of 50 11,600. 750 of 20 15,000. 1 of 10 155. Stationary Prizes are, 1 ticket, first drawn after 1,000 tickets are out of the wheel, 500. 1 do do do 2,000 500. 1 do do do 3,000 500. 1 do do do 4,000 500. 1 do do do 5,000 500. 1 do do do 6,000 500. 1 do do do 7,000 10,000. 1 do do do 8,000 500. 1 do do do 9,000 500. 1 do the last drawn ticket, a prize of 20,000. Total 125,135.
The superiority of this scheme, as the one proposed, is so obvious, that little need be said in recommendation of it. Those inclined to adventure, will see, that their chance for obtaining prizes, is greatly increased; that pending the drawing, their obtention of small prizes, may by renewal, instantly give them several chances for a prize of considerable magnitude. To those who have drawn PRIZES of fifteen dollars, in the First Class; as well as to those who drew BLANKS, INFORMATION IS NOW GIVEN, that the PRIZES, may, at their option, be renewed, by tickets in this class—and their BLANKS, at ten dollars each: Provided such PRIZES and BLANKS with the CASH, is remitted, FREE OF POSTAGE, to ROBERT GREENHOW, merchant in Williamsburg, Agent and Treasurer; or WILLIAM NEWSON, Postmaster in Norfolk, previous to the commencement of the drawing; after which period no renewal will be made. When to the prospect of individual advantage, that may result to each adventurer, is added, the patriotic reasons, which induced the legislature to authorize this lottery, it is ardently hoped, that the disposition of tickets will soon enable the committers to certify that the drawing has commenced—Which event the agent assures the public, shall be expedited by every means in his power. ROBERT GREENHOW, Agent and Treasurer. Williamsburg, June 10, 1806. (oaw18w.)
Tickets may be had of Robert Greenhow, merchant in Williamsburg; and William Newson, postmaster in Norfolk: who will, as opportunities offer, give the more extensive circulation, by placing them in the hands of others for disposition. RAPPEE SNUFF, of an excellent quality, just received, and for sale by— JOHN STROBE. June 20. tf.
BRANDY & CLARET. A fresh supply of best 4th proof COGNAC BRANDY, and a few cases MEDOCK CLARET, of the Vintage of 1800—just received, and for sale by— SAMUEL MYERS. June 20. (oaw tf.)
STRAYED OR STOLEN, ON the 17th instant, from the subscriber on Shockoe-Hill, two HORSES, one a large chestnut foal about sixteen hands high, flanked, a white star on the forehead. The other a small dark bay horse, no particular marks recollected. I will give a reward of twenty dollars to any person who will bring them to Mr. Vanet, (Richmond) or ten dollars for either. JOHN F. ESMENARD. June 20. 3p.
NOTICE. THE partnership of John Butler & Co. at Cartersville, is this day dissolved by mutual consent. The collection of all debts due to that concern, is committed entirely to William McKenzie the acting partner of William McKenzie & Co. and to him alone or to any one he may appoint is payment to be made. JOHN BUTLER. Wm. MCKENZIE & Co. All persons indebted to the late concern of John Butler & Co. are requested to make payments to Mr. Robert Atkinson, as he alone I have authorized to grant discharges for the same. Wm. MCKENZIE.
FOR SALE. TWO tracts of LAND, lying in the County of Fluvanna, one of them lying on Hardawere river, and within one & an half miles of James river, containing 385 acres, one on Cares creek, and within one mile of the north fork of James river, containing 564 acres. A further description is deemed unnecessary as it is presumed that no person will purchase without viewing the same, which will be shown by the subscriber living in Albemarle. WILLIAM MOON. June 20. (efor.)

FROM THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
Letter of Mr. T. M. Randolph, to his constituents.
City of Washington, 21
April 27, 1805.
FELLOW-CITIZENS,
THE session of the national legislature having terminated on Monday the 21st inst., the period has arrived for me to communicate with you on the business which has been entrusted to me, and on the state of public affairs.
The legislature on meeting found that the nation was involved in serious difficulties with Spain and with Great-Britain. Not through any error, misconduct, or neglect of the executive branch of the government, nor through any injustice, violence, or unlawful and insulting acts committed by our own citizens towards the subjects of those powers, or their authorities.
The boundaries of Louisiana, which had been conveyed to the United States by France, exactly as heretofore received it from Spain, had never been defined with any accuracy, from the circumstance of the country being almost entirely unsettled, and still remaining covered with forests.
An attempt was made on the part of the U. S. to settle these boundaries by negotiation. But the government of Spain, before inclined to displease, by the inclusion in a revenue law passed by Congress, of part of the country in dispute, had recently become seriously irritated by the mischievous and unendurable representations of her intriguing and ill-designing minister to the U. S.
The executive of the U. S. with praiseworthy zeal and firmness, insisted on immediate possession of all that part of the disputed territory, which the interests of the country positively demanded. At the same time it offered to make a liberal relinquishment next the frontier of New Mexico, and widely proposed to establish a tract of wilderness, three days journey through, to remain forever unsettled, as a barrier between the two nations.
2d Authority.
LAW OF THE UNITED STATES.
AN ACT
Respecting the claims to land in the Indiana territory and State of Ohio.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the registers and receivers of public monies of the districts of Vincennes and Kaskaskia, respectively, be and they are hereby authorised and empowered, under the direction of the secretary of the treasury, to lay out one or more tracts of land, in their respective districts, for the purpose of locating therein, tracts of land granted by virtue of any legal French or British grants, or of any resolution or act of Congress.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That any person or persons entitled to grants of land by virtue of any former resolution or act of Congress, which are not specifically designated in the patents issued by the governors aforesaid, or which have not yet been located, shall have a right to in presence of the register of the land office, with whom the location shall be entered; and the surveyor general shall cause the same to be surveyed at the expense of the parties.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the registers and receivers aforesaid, shall complete and transmit their reports to the secretary of the treasury before the first day of December next.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That the register and receiver of public monies in the district of Cincinnati be, and they are hereby authorised to grant certificates of a right of pre-emption to any person residing on any reserved section (other than section No. 16.) for the tract on which he resides, on the application producing satisfactory evidence that his claim was within the provisions of the seventh section of an act entitled "An act making provision for the disposition of the public lands in the Indiana territory, and for other purposes."
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That the register and receiver of public monies in the district of Vincennes be, and they are hereby authorised to grant certificates of a right of pre-emption to any person residing on any reserved section (other than section No. 16.) for the tract on which he resides, on the application producing satisfactory evidence that his claim was within the provisions of the seventh section of an act entitled "An act making provision for the disposition of the public lands in the Indiana territory, and for other purposes."
NATHL. MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. S. SMITH, President of the Senate, Pro tempore.
April 21, 1806.
APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.
BEING anxious to discharge all my just debts, I will sell a great bargain in two new BRICK BUILDINGS, on the Main-Street, on Shockoe-Hill; they are well calculated for stores and private families, and considered to be as good funds for business as any in that part of the city; they will be sold separately or together, to suit purchasers.
I will also dispose of, by private contract, my half acre LOT in the neighborhood of Gen. Mosely, on which there is a two story Brick House erected, 44 feet long by 22 feet wide; this house is not finished in the inside, but can be finished to suit the purchaser. For terms apply to
J. B. WINN. May 30. (tdf)
TO BE RENTED—The Tenement where I now reside, and possession given in time. J. PENN. April 11. (tf)
THE subscriber having relinquished all idea of removing to the Western Country, deems it necessary to inform his friends, that he intends practicing in the courts of Richmond county, Essex, King and Queen, and in the district of King and Queen, and in the County Court of Williamsburg. JOHN HORACE UPSHAW. April 29. (tf)
THE subscriber has removed his Broker's Office to the middle tenement, in Doctor Tackett's new building, the first door above Messrs. Pickett, Pollard and Johnston, and the second below the Post-Office; where he will attend particularly to all business confided to him. THOMAS NORVELL. For sale, 10 SHARES in the JAMES RIVER COMPANY. June 6. (tf)
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.
By virtue of a Deed of Trust executed by Archibald McCall, of the town of Tappahannock, and county of Essex, to Archibald Dick and David Buchanan, bearing date the 25th day of May, 1789, for sundry purposes therein mentioned; will be sold in the field house of Tappahannock, on the 27th day of June next.
THREE LOTS, known in the plan of the said town by Nos. 1, 2, and 73, whereon the said McCall at present resides; on these lots are very valuable improvements, consisting of a Dwelling House two story high, with three rooms and a passage below, and three rooms above stairs, three rooms in the cellar, with a fire place in every room, and several out-houses, consisting of a Kitchen, Smoke-house, Stable, &c. all of which are pleasantly situated on the river bank, and command an extensive view of the river above and below.
Will be sold on the same day, on the premises, A TRACT OF LAND, the property of said McCall, situate in the county aforesaid, on Hotham's creek, adjoining the said town of Tappahannock, containing by estimation, five hundred and two acres, be the same more or less, together with the water-grist mill adjoining, which is at present out of repair, but may be rendered very valuable at a small expense, being one of the most valuable and convenient mill sites in all that part of the country, having a large & convenient mill-house two story high, built of stone, brick and wood, calculated for manufacturing on an extensive plan, situate on a never-failing stream, within one mile of tide water; belonging to this mill are two very convenient houses for the accommodation of a miller, cooper, &c. This tract of land is generally of good quality, lies well and is well timbered. Will likewise be sold on the 28th day of the same month. (June) at John Miller's Tavern, in the said county of Essex.
A TRACT OF LAND, the property of said McCall, situate near said Miller's Tavern, adjoining the lands of Thomas Allen and Joseph Man, containing by estimation, one hundred and seven acres, be the same more or less, being the land the said McCall purchased of Richard Jeffries. This is good farming land, lies well and is well timbered.—Twelve months credit will be given, upon the purchaser or purchasers giving bond, and in every case a Deed of Trust on the property will be required to secure the purchase money, by GEORGE POTTER, and CHARLES THOMPSON. Attorneys in fact for the creditors of Arch. McCall. Louis, April 18. (tdf)p
FOR SALE,
At public auction, on the premises, on Wednesday, 10th September next, (if not previously disposed of by private contract), FIVE hundred and fifty acres LAND, situated in the upper end of Cumberland county, eighteen miles from the Court-House, three from Farmville, and one from a good manufacturing mill on Appomattox, now navigable, almost to Petersburg.
This LAND lies handsomely, is in good order and inferior in quality to none of the mountains; there is 10 or 12 acres meadow, handsomely set with timber, and about 20 acres more prepared for sowing next spring; in addition there is an extensive bed of Coal which to a person of capital would be highly valuable; one third the purchase money will be required in hand and the balance in two annual instalments. JOHN KELSO. May 23. (4w)
PROPOSALS
For carrying Mails of the United States, on the following Post-Roads, will be received at the General Post-Office until the fifth day of August next, inclusive.
6. FROM Washington City by Alexandria, Colchester and Dumfries, to Fredericksburg, six times a week.
APRIL 15 TO DECEMBER 1.
Leave Washington City every day at 4 A. M. arrive at Alexandria by 5 A. M.; leave Alexandria at 6 1/2 A. M. arrive at Dumfries by 11 A. M. and arrive at Fredericksburg by 5 P. M. in 13 hours.
Leave Fredericksburg every day, at 4 A. M. arrive at Dumfries by 9 A. M.; leave Dumfries at 10 A. M. arrive at Alexandria by 2 P. M.; leave Alexandria at 3 P. M. and arrive at Washington by 5 P. M.
DECEMBER 1 TO APRIL 15.
Leave Washington City every day at 4 A. M. arrive at Alexandria by 6 A. M.; leave Alexandria at 7 A. M. arrive at Dumfries by 1 P. M.; leave Dumfries at 2 P. M. and arrive at Fredericksburg by 7 P. M.
Leave Fredericksburg every day at 4 A. M. arrive at Dumfries by 9 A. M.; leave Dumfries at 10 A. M. arrive at Alexandria by 2 P. M.; leave Alexandria at 3 P. M. and arrive at Washington by 5 P. M.
7. Fredericksburg by Bowling Green, White Chimneys, Hanover C. H. Richmond and Osborne's to Petersburg, six times a week.
APRIL 15 TO DECEMBER 1.
Leave Fredericksburg every day at 4 A. M. and arrive at Richmond by 3 P. M.; leave Richmond at 4 P. M. and arrive at Petersburg by 9 P. M.
Leave Petersburg every day, Sunday excepted, at 2 A. M. arrive at Richmond same day by 6 A. M. and leave Richmond at 6 1/2 A. M.
DECEMBER 1 TO APRIL 15.
Leave Fredericksburg every day, Sunday excepted, at 5 A. M. and arrive at Richmond by 6 P. M.; leave Richmond every day, Sunday excepted, at 4 A. M. and arrive at Petersburg by 10 A. M.
RETURNING.
Leave Petersburg every day, save Sunday, at 2 P. M. and arrive at Richmond by 8 P. M.; leave Richmond every day, save Sunday, at 4 A. M. and arrive at Fredericksburg by 8 P. M.
8. From Richmond to Fraziers, New-Kent C. H. Williamsburg, Yorktown and Hampton, to Norfolk, three times a week.
Leave Richmond every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Hampton by 9 P. M. and at Norfolk on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday by 10 A. M.
RETURNING.
Leave Norfolk every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 3 P. M. and arrive at Richmond the next day by 8 P. M.
9. From Petersburg by Cabin-Point, Smithfield, Surry C. H. & and Sleepy hole, to Portsmouth, three times a week.
Leave Petersburg every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Sleepy hole by 2 P. M.; leave Sleepy hole at 3 P. M. and arrive at Portsmouth by 7 A. M.
Leave Portsmouth every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Sleepy hole by 9 A. M.; leave Sleepy hole at 10 A. M. and arrive at Petersburg by 8 P. M.
DECEMBER 1 TO APRIL 15.
Leave Petersburg every Sunday, Tuesday & Thursday at 11 A. M. and arrive at Sleepy hole by 9 P. M. Leave Sleepy hole every Monday, Wednesday & Friday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Portsmouth by 8 A. M.
RETURNING.
Leave Portsmouth every Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 3 P. M. and arrive at Sleepy hole by 7 P. M. Leave Sleepy hole every Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Petersburg by noon.
From Lynchburg by Bethel, Pedlar mills & Winton, to Lexington, once a week.
Leave Lynchburg every Saturday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Lexington by 6 P. M. Leave Lexington every Sunday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Lynchburg by 6 P. M.
From Waterford by Snicker's Gap, R. Braden's store, J. Janny's store, Upperville and Israel Janny's mill, to Waterford, once a week.
Leave Waterford every Wednesday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Upperville by 6 P. M. Leave Upperville every Thursday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Waterford by 6 P. M.
From Wythe C. H. by Tazewell C. H. Russell C. H. and Lee C. H. to Robinson's mills, once in two weeks. Leave Wythe C. H. every other Thursday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Robinson's mills on Sunday by 6 P. M. Leave Robinson's mills every other Monday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Wythe C. H. on Thursday by 6 P. M.
NOTES.
1. The Post-Master General may expedite the mails and alter the times of arrival and departure at any time during the continuance of the contracts, he previously stipulating an adequate compensation for any extra expense that may be occasioned thereby.
2. Fifteen minutes shall be allowed for opening & closing the mail at all offices where no particular time is specified.
3. For every thirty minutes delay (unavoidable accidents excepted) in arriving after the times prescribed in any contract, the contractor shall forfeit one dollar; and if the delay continue until the departure of any depending mail, whereby the mails defined for such depending mail lose a trip, an additional forfeiture of five dollars shall be incurred.
4. Newspapers as well as letters are to be sent in the mail; and if any person, making proposals, desires to carry newspapers, other than those conveyed in the mail, for his emolument, he must state in his proposals, for what sum he will carry it with that emolument, and for what sum without that emolument.
5. Should any persons, making proposals, desire an alteration of the times of arrival and departure above specified, he must state in his proposals, the alterations desired, and the difference they will make in the terms of his contract.
6. Persons making proposals, are desired to state their prices by the year. Those who contract will receive their pay quarterly, in the months of February, May, August and November, one month after the expiration of each quarter.
7. No other than a free white person shall be employed to convey the mail.
8. Where the proposer intends to convey the mail in the body of a stage carriage, he is desired to state it in his proposals.
9. The Post-Master General reserves to himself the right of declaring any contract at an end whenever three failures happen, which amount to the loss of a trip each.
10. The contracts for the routes numbered 1 to 14, are to be in operation on the first day of October next, and to continue in force for two years, from that time; for the routes No. 15 to 57, are to commence at the same time, and continue in force one year; and for the routes No. 58 to 77, are to commence at the same time, and continue in force until the 31st of March, 1809.
GIDEON GRANGER,
GENERAL POST-OFFICE. POST-MASTER GENERAL. Washington City, April 26, 806.1
TO MR. THOMAS BRADSHAW,
SIR, As you are not an inhabitant of this state, and have not any agent therein, known to me, to whom a notice can be given, be pleased to take notice, that on the 16th Saturday in June next, I shall, at the dwelling house of Nicholas Vaughan, in the county of Nottoway, between the hours of eight in the morning and seven in the evening of the above mentioned day, take the depositions of the said Nicholas Vaughan, of Jacob Seay, Nathan Fowles and Peter Knight, to be read as evidence in a suit depending in the county court of Prince-Edward, wherein you, and others are plaintiffs, and I am defendant. BENJAMIN BORUM. Prince-Edward county, April 22. ep2m.9
FOR SALE,
A TRACT OF LAND, containing 640 acres, extending upwards of a mile on James River, nearly opposite to the Welflower estate; one fourth of it only is cleared; there is a Dwelling House on it, it is a good hunting and fishing place. This land will attract the attention of any person who wants a seat on James River, or wishes to realize a great bargain may be had, as (discharge an incumbrance) it will be offered at much lower price than the last purchaser gave for it seven years ago. Fielding Lewis Esq. of Charles City will be good enough to show the land; plots of it may be seen in the hands of Mr. Lewis, and Doctor Adams of Richmond, and terms known from T. G. Peachy of Williamsburg.
Adjoining the above tract is one of the most beautiful seats on James River, which has attached to it about 1000 acres; this may be had also, if it should suit a purchaser to take the whole; the improvements on this estate are, a dwelling house with 4 rooms on a floor, a kitchen and laundry, a large barn and stable, an ice house, a smoke house, a large garden well inclosed, an orchard and many choice fruit trees. The purchaser may have, from 7 to 15 years credit, paying a moderate interest. T. G. PEACHY. (iawtf) April 4.
WE hereby notify, that we shall make application for a certificate to be issued in our name, for two SHARES in the Capital Stock of the Bank of Virginia, which were subscribed at Norfolk in the name of Robert Bayler, other right to which is vested in us by legal assignment from him. This application will be made in consequence of the original scrip for the said two SHARES having been lost. OLIVEIRA, FERNANDES & Co. Norfolk, May 24, 1806. oaw 6w.5
THOMAS RUTHERFORD & Co.
Are prepared to fill: A Few Boxes 4-4 and 7-8 Irish Linens, 80 Crates Queens Ware, and a quantity of Liverpool Salt loofe and in fact, just received on consignment by the ship Herald from Dublin and Liverpool. May 27. eo2m.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.
DANAWAY from the subscriber, on Thursday night the 18th inst. a negro man named LEWIS, he is about five feet nine or ten inches high, stout and well made, has a fear on one of his hands (I believe his right) occasioned by a burn when final; he wore away a home-spun shirt and pantalettes dyed of a light olive colour, took with him a black broad cloth coat and vest, but I expect he will change his name and clothing, and attempt passing as a free man, and will attempt to make his escape to Norfolk by water. Masters of vessels and all others are forewarned from harbouring, employing, or taking him away at their peril. The above reward will be paid on delivering him to Joseph Traylor, jr. in Blandford, or the subscriber. ARCHER TRAYLOR, Jr. N. B. I have understood that he was seen in the city of Richmond during the Broad Rock Races, dressed in black. I think it is probable he is still lurking about there. He has a pert walk, good countenance, very active and fond of waiting on gentlemen. A. T. Chesterfield, May 27. tf.
LAND FOR SALE.
On the second Tuesday in July next, will be offered for sale, at public Auction, at Bath Court House (Warren Springs): A TRACT OF LAND, containing 540 acres, lying between the Warm and Hot Springs, but nearer to the latter; the land is of good quality, and may be divided as to accommodate several families who might desire a residence contiguous to those valuable waters. One fourth of the purchase money will be expected on the delivery of the deed; the balance in two equal annual instalments, to carry interest from the date, if not punctually paid, and to be secured by a deed of trust upon the property. JOHN ADAMS, Attorney in fact, for the distributees of R. Adams. (coawtf) June 6.
LAND FOR SALE.
On the second Saturday in August next, will be offered for sale, at public Auction, at John Anderson's Tavern, in the Town of New-Canton, SIX LOTS OF LAND, being parcels of a tract formerly held by Colonel Samuel Jourdan, which was lately divided by the subscriber, into several smaller tracts. Three of the lots are situated between James and Slate rivers, and the other three, on the fourth side of Slate river, adjoining the lands of Mr. Robert Nicholas, and Mr. Stephen Gearing. The land is well timbered, and is favorable for the culture of tobacco and wheat; and no part of it is more distant than three miles from an excellent merchant mill; and the whole is convenient to good navigation. Plots of the land will be left with Mr. Walter Irvine, of New-Canton, and the lines will be easily traced, as they are very generally known in the neighborhood. One fourth of the purchase money will be demanded on the delivery of the deed; the balance to be divided into two equal annual instalments, secured upon the property, by deed of trust. JOHN ADAMS. (oawtf) June 6.
JUST RECEIVED,
AND FOR SALE BY THE SUBSCRIBERS: An Extensive Assortment of GROCERIES among which are the following articles: Molasses, sugar assorted, Tar, West-India Coffee, Thos. Leiper's Snuff, Antigua & Jamaica Rum, Macabuba do. Country do. Havana Segars, Cognac & Peach Brandy, Salt Peire, Holland Gin, Brimstone, Madder, and W. India and Sugar-house Ground Ginger in small kegs, L. P. Madeira Wine, Log-wood, Port, Sherry and Malaga Turkey Cotton Wine, New-York Candles and Hibberts' Brown Stout, Soap, Martinique and Bordeaux Spermaceti Candles, Cordials, Oil, Basket Salt, Patent Lamps, Do. in sacks and loose, Dutch Cafes with plain Bullock's Cheese, and gilt Bottles, Caldwell, Fraser & Co.'s Castings assorted, superfine Chocolate, Earthen and Stone Ware, Rice, Writing & Wrapping paper, Nutmegs, Pepper, Ginger, Henry VIII. and Merry, and Pimento, Andrew Cards, Mace and Cloves, China Plates, do. Bowls, Oil, Olives, and Capers, Do. Tea and Coffee Cups, Gun-powder, Young Hy-son and Souchong Teas, Do. of different sizes, Canisters containing 17lb. and 3lb. Gun-powder, Do. Chimney ornaments Tea, Plain and cut qt. pt. and Pickled Salmon, half pint Decanters, Cut Herrings and Shad, Pint, half pt & Gill Tumblers, Patent shot assorted, F and FF Gun-powder, A few sets Table China. A regular supply of Loaf Sugar by the hhd. and barrel, at Philadelphia price. FISHER & LESUEUR. oawtf. May 27.
JOHN ALCOCK,
INFORMS the Citizens of Richmond, and the public, he has just received at his Cabinet Manufactory near the Fire Insurance Office a large assortment of Windsor Chairs and Settees, made in the newest fashion and by the best workmen in the state; any gentlemen wishing to buy, will please send their orders or call at his Cabinet Manufactory, where they may get good warranted work, and on low terms, either in the Cabinet line or Windsor Chairs. June 6.