The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-09-22 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM...payable in advance.
NUMBER 40.]
SATURDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 22, 1804.
[VOLUME 1.]
CONDITIONS.
 I. The ENQUIRER will appear twice a week...During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment FIVE DOLLARS per annum, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should they not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones, in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
At a board of Directors, of the Bank of Virginia, on Thursday the 13th September, 1804;
RESOLVED, that the operations of the Bank, commence on Monday the 8th of October. RESOLVED, that any person producing and depositing at the Bank scrip or Commissioners receipts, for any number of shares regularly endorsed or assigned, shall be entitled to receive one in his, her, or their own name or names, in a form similar to that used by the Commissioners at Richmond, stating therein the whole number of shares to which he, she or they may be entitled, and the sum paid thereon.
JOHN BROCKENBROUGH, Cashier. September, 19—ept804.
HIGHLY IMPORTANT.
THE republican printers throughout this state are requested to state in their papers, that the election for Electors of a President and Vice-President of the United States, will be held on the first Monday of November next, at the Court-house of each county and corporation in this commonwealth; and that the persons chosen as Electors, are to meet at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, on the first Wednesday in December next, to vote for a President and Vice-President.
September 15.—ept1m.
BATES'S ALMANAC—FOR 1805—Published by Messrs. Davis & Courtney, may be had at the Office of the Enquirer. September 19. eptf
CHERRY WINE, of an excellent quality, in pipes and half pipes—for sale by SAMUEL MYERS. Sept. 8. Sst
JUST PUBLISHED, And For Sale at Wm. Prichard's Book-Store: VOLNEY'S VIEW OF THE CLIMATE AND SOIL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA—with MAPS and PLATES. Sept. 8. eptf
WANTED ON HIRE; A WOMAN without a Child, who is a good Cook, Washer, and Ironer. Liberal wages are offered for one who can come well recommended. Also—A GIRL, from 12 to 16, who has been accustomed to wait in a house. Apply at the Enquirer Office. Sept. 8.
LIFE OF WASHINGTON. THE FIRST VOLUME is ready for Subscribers at the Book Store of Wm. PRICHARD. Richmond, August 18, 1804. eptf
A WET NURSE. WANTED to hire or purchase, a Wet Nurse without a child of her own. Enquire of the Printers. August 8.—tf
We have received a small additional supply of MADEIRA WINE, Of a superior quality, which we offer for sale by the hoghead and quarter-cask. GIBSON & JEFFERSON. July 18. eptf
FALL GOODS. WILLIAM TEMPLE has received by the ship Edward and Charles, from London, AN EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF GOODS, suitable to the approaching season. He expects an ADDITIONAL SUPPLY, to complete his assortment, by the ship Sally from London, and Lisona from Liverpool; which he will dispose of on his usual low terms. Sept. 8. eptf
FOR RENT, THE Tenement in which the Office of the Examiner was formerly kept, situated on Dock Hill immediately below the Swan Tavern. The House and lot has lately undergone a thorough repair. The land is supposed to be an excellent one for a Grocery and Dry Good Store; for which purposes the front Room is neatly fitted up. The above tenement may be rented with or without a Kitchen. Application to be made at the Office of the Enquirer. Sept. 5.
Mediterranean Passports. NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the 8th day of July next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel, for which application may be made on a compliance with the terms prescribed by law and surrendering the former passport of which she may be possessed, if any, in which latter case no fees will be required for the exchange; and that by an arrangement agreed upon by the Barbary powers with whom we are at peace, either the old or the new form of passport will be sufficient to protect the vessels of the United States, from capture until the 1st of July 1805, after which the old form of passport will be unavailable and the new one alone in use.
Department of State, 23rd of May, 1804. The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazettes twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices. June, 2.
FOR RENT, FOR A TERM OF YEARS, THE Farm whereon James Harris, decd. lived about 18 years ago, in the county of Caroline. It is beautifully situated on Pamunkey River, commands a handsome prospect, and is extremely beautiful. The dwelling house is very convenient with six rooms in the Cellar, and very dry. A person may stand in the dwelling house and see the mill, which is about a mile distant. The mill, which has a great deal of custom when going, wants a little repair; the timber for which purpose is already on the spot. There are three springs on the place, the streams of which making into each other, form a rivulet which runs through the plantation. There are several flourishing orchards of charming fruits, such as Peaches, Apples, Pears, Damsons, Cherries of different kinds, &c. As I presume no one will Rent without viewing the premises, I think it useless to give a farther description. The terms will be made more particularly known to those that wish to rent, by applying to George Winston, at Caroline Court next.
MART HARRIS, jr. eptf. Sept. 1.
THE BROAD-ROCK FALL RACES Will commence on Monday the 24th day of September next, and continue four days.
FIRST DAY, will be run for, the greatest Sweepstakes ever run for in America, for the number of horses—five horses entered at 600 dollars each, half forfeit—which will amount to 3,000 dollars if all start, running three mile heats, agreeable to the rules of the Jockey Club. It is supposed that the horses which are entered for these stakes are equal to any on the turf of America.
SECOND DAY, will be run for the JOCKEY CLUB PURSE of 400 dollars—four mile heats. THIRD DAY, the PROPRIETOR'S PURSE of 200 dollars—three mile heats, carrying weight for age, agreeable to the following rules:
3 years old, 90lbs. 4 years old, 106 5 years old, 118 6 years old, 128 7 years old, or aged, 133 5 lbs. allowed Mares and Geldings.
FOURTH DAY, a HANDY CAP PURSE of 150 dollars, free for any horse, mare or gelding, running two mile heats, entrance 15 dollars—agreeable to the following rules: for all losing horses, which run in any of the three preceding days races, who choose to start for this day's purse, the weights will be affixed by the judges, agreeable to their performance each day—all winning horses the three preceding days, to carry weight for age, agreeable to this rule of the Club—also, horses that have not started for any of the three preceding days races, to carry weight for age agreeable to the rules of the Jockey Club. Any gentleman is at liberty to start a nag for this purse, whether he is a member of the Jockey Club or not. Certificates or other satisfactory proof of horses ages, which start each day, will be required by the judges. Stableage and litter will be furnished for race horses at the ground, gratis.
N. B. The members of the Jockey Club are requested to meet at the race ground on the 23rd of September, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, for the purpose of making arrangements for the different days running. RICHARD B. GOODE, sec'r. Broad Rock, August 23, 1804.
THE SUBSCRIBER, who is appointed Treasurer for the Broad-Rock Jockey Club, requests those subscribers who have not paid on their subscriptions for the last spring's purse, to be pointed in paying them up on the first day of the fall races, at which time he hopes all the members will be pointed in paying up their full subscriptions. THOMAS CHEATHAM, Treasurer. Aug. 23, 1804. (BY AUTHORITY.)
SCHEME OF A LOTTERY...CLASS No. I. TO BUILD AN ACADEMY IN THE CITY OF RICHMOND. 3750 Tickets at 10 dolls. each, dolls. 37,500
1 Prize of dolls. 5000 dolls. 5000 1 Do. 2000 2000 5 Do. 1000 5000 5 Do. 500 2500 10 Do. 300 3000 20 Do. 100 2000 1500 Do. 12 18000—37,500
1542 Prizes. 2208 Blanks. 3750 Tickets at 10 dolls. each 1st drawn Ticket having a } dolls. 1,000 blank to its number after } 2000 tickets are drawn, } Do. after 2500 do. are drawn, 1,000 Do. after 3000 do. are drawn, 1,000 Do. after 3500 do. are drawn, 1,000 Last drawn Ticket, 5,000
This Lottery has been authorised by the Legislature of Virginia, for the laudable purpose of erecting a Seminary of Learning in or near the Metropolis of this State. With this view, it is contemplated to raise 20,000 dollars, and 2,500 dollars in addition, for defraying the expenses of drawing, &c. The Trustees to insure success, have divided the Lottery into four distinct classes, so as to raise the sum contemplated by an annual Lottery, for four years, to raise every year 5,000 dollars, that the work may progress; it is expected that the present Lottery may be drawn by the first day of January next. It is hoped that the gentlemen who have purchased Tickets in the Richmond Academy will still hold them, as the division of the former Lottery into four classes was deemed necessary by the Trustees, to insure success to so useful an institution. The town of Bolton (to the honor of its citizens) has public schools in which are about fifteen hundred pupils. The flourishing and increasing city of Richmond cannot boast of one public school. The Trustees of the Richmond Academy, have about thirteen acres of ground, nearly one half is accepted as a donation, and the remainder they have contracted for, on which they intend to erect the Academy. The site is elevated, healthy and beautiful. If any gentleman who has purchased Tickets is dissatisfied with dividing the Lottery into four classes, if he returns the tickets the money will be repaid, provided they are returned in ten weeks from this day—Drs. William Poyfer, William Du Val, William Price (Registrar) and George Tucker, are appointed by the Trustees to sell and dispose of the Tickets, who are authorized to appoint agents for the above purpose. Tickets may be bad of the said committee, at the Office of the Enquirer, at A. Davis's Office, of Messrs. Gallego, Richard & Co. Messrs. Burton & Brown, Messrs. Thomas Taylor & Co. of Wm. Prentis of Petersburg, of Dr. John Brockenbrough, jr. Samuel Pleasants, jr. and William Prichard.
FOR RENT,
FOR A TERM OF YEARS, THE Farm whereon James Harris, decd. lived about 18 years ago, in the county of Caroline. It is beautifully situated on Pamunkey River, commands a handsome prospect, and is extremely beautiful. The dwelling house is very convenient with six rooms in the Cellar, and very dry. A person may stand in the dwelling house and see the mill, which is about a mile distant. The mill, which has a great deal of custom when going, wants a little repair; the timber for which purpose is already on the spot. There are three springs on the place, the streams of which making into each other, form a rivulet which runs through the plantation. There are several flourishing orchards of charming fruits, such as Peaches, Apples, Pears, Damsons, Cherries of different kinds, &c. As I presume no one will Rent without viewing the premises, I think it useless to give a farther description. The terms will be made more particularly known to those that wish to rent, by applying to George Winston, at Caroline Court next.
MART HARRIS, jr. eptf. Sept. 1.
THE BROAD-ROCK FALL RACES
Will commence on Monday the 24th day of September next, and continue four days.
FIRST DAY, will be run for, the greatest Sweepstakes ever run for in America, for the number of horses—five horses entered at 600 dollars each, half forfeit—which will amount to 3,000 dollars if all start, running three mile heats, agreeable to the rules of the Jockey Club. It is supposed that the horses which are entered for these stakes are equal to any on the turf of America.
SECOND DAY, will be run for the JOCKEY CLUB PURSE of 400 dollars—four mile heats. THIRD DAY, the PROPRIETOR'S PURSE of 200 dollars—three mile heats, carrying weight for age, agreeable to the following rules:
3 years old, 90lbs. 4 years old, 106 5 years old, 118 6 years old, 128 7 years old, or aged, 133 5 lbs. allowed Mares and Geldings.
FOURTH DAY, a HANDY CAP PURSE of 150 dollars, free for any horse, mare or gelding, running two mile heats, entrance 15 dollars—agreeable to the following rules: for all losing horses, which run in any of the three preceding days races, who choose to start for this day's purse, the weights will be affixed by the judges, agreeable to their performance each day—all winning horses the three preceding days, to carry weight for age, agreeable to this rule of the Club—also, horses that have not started for any of the three preceding days races, to carry weight for age agreeable to the rules of the Jockey Club. Any gentleman is at liberty to start a nag for this purse, whether he is a member of the Jockey Club or not. Certificates or other satisfactory proof of horses ages, which start each day, will be required by the judges. Stableage and litter will be furnished for race horses at the ground, gratis.
N. B. The members of the Jockey Club are requested to meet at the race ground on the 23rd of September, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, for the purpose of making arrangements for the different days running. RICHARD B. GOODE, sec'r. Broad Rock, August 23, 1804.
THE SUBSCRIBER, who is appointed Treasurer for the Broad-Rock Jockey Club, requests those subscribers who have not paid on their subscriptions for the last spring's purse, to be pointed in paying them up on the first day of the fall races, at which time he hopes all the members will be pointed in paying up their full subscriptions. THOMAS CHEATHAM, Treasurer. Aug. 23, 1804. (BY AUTHORITY.)
SCHEME OF A LOTTERY...CLASS No. I. TO BUILD AN ACADEMY IN THE CITY OF RICHMOND. 3750 Tickets at 10 dolls. each, dolls. 37,500
1 Prize of dolls. 5000 dolls. 5000 1 Do. 2000 2000 5 Do. 1000 5000 5 Do. 500 2500 10 Do. 300 3000 20 Do. 100 2000 1500 Do. 12 18000—37,500
1542 Prizes. 2208 Blanks. 3750 Tickets at 10 dolls. each 1st drawn Ticket having a } dolls. 1,000 blank to its number after } 2000 tickets are drawn, } Do. after 2500 do. are drawn, 1,000 Do. after 3000 do. are drawn, 1,000 Do. after 3500 do. are drawn, 1,000 Last drawn Ticket, 5,000
This Lottery has been authorised by the Legislature of Virginia, for the laudable purpose of erecting a Seminary of Learning in or near the Metropolis of this State. With this view, it is contemplated to raise 20,000 dollars, and 2,500 dollars in addition, for defraying the expenses of drawing, &c. The Trustees to insure success, have divided the Lottery into four distinct classes, so as to raise the sum contemplated by an annual Lottery, for four years, to raise every year 5,000 dollars, that the work may progress; it is expected that the present Lottery may be drawn by the first day of January next. It is hoped that the gentlemen who have purchased Tickets in the Richmond Academy will still hold them, as the division of the former Lottery into four classes was deemed necessary by the Trustees, to insure success to so useful an institution. The town of Bolton (to the honor of its citizens) has public schools in which are about fifteen hundred pupils. The flourishing and increasing city of Richmond cannot boast of one public school. The Trustees of the Richmond Academy, have about thirteen acres of ground, nearly one half is accepted as a donation, and the remainder they have contracted for, on which they intend to erect the Academy. The site is elevated, healthy and beautiful. If any gentleman who has purchased Tickets is dissatisfied with dividing the Lottery into four classes, if he returns the tickets the money will be repaid, provided they are returned in ten weeks from this day—Drs. William Poyfer, William Du Val, William Price (Registrar) and George Tucker, are appointed by the Trustees to sell and dispose of the Tickets, who are authorized to appoint agents for the above purpose. Tickets may be bad of the said committee, at the Office of the Enquirer, at A. Davis's Office, of Messrs. Gallego, Richard & Co. Messrs. Burton & Brown, Messrs. Thomas Taylor & Co. of Wm. Prentis of Petersburg, of Dr. John Brockenbrough, jr. Samuel Pleasants, jr. and William Prichard.
A PETITION will be presented to the next General Assembly, to establish a FERRY from the lands of Peter Rust, in Richmond County, to his said Rust's lands in Essex County. September 15.—[Suap.]
FAIRFIELD RACES.
ON Monday the 1st of October next, will be run for over the FAIRFIELD COURSE, a Sweepstakes for Cols three years old, two mile heats. Seven Cols are entered at two hundred dollars each, and the subscription closed. Weights, agreeable to the rules of the Jockey Club.
On Tuesday, the 2nd of October, the JOCKEY CLUB PURSE of 400 Dollars, will be run for, four Mile Heats.
The following day, the Purse of the proprietor of the Course, three Mile Heats.
   WEIGHTS AS FOLLOWS.     Aged Horses 133 lbs.   6 years old 128   5 years old 118   4 years old 106   3 years old 90.  
Mares and Geldings allowed three pounds. Richmond, August 18, 1804.
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND.
MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use.
Imported BOOTS and SHOES, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale.
Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot.
A—the length of the Boot.—C—round the Calf.—B—the girth of ditto.—D—round the heel and instep.—E—round the instep.—G—across the ball of the foot.—F—the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. June 30. epon.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
NEW-YORK, September 13.
The ship Packet, Trett, whose arrival at Boston we noticed yesterday, brings London News to the 25th July, inclusive, of which the following articles are given in the Boston papers:
PARIS, July 8.
His Majesty the Emperor, being prevented by his absence from Paris, from receiving in succession the credentials of the Ambassadors and Ministers who are accredited to his Court, gave to each of them a private audience, on Sunday, the 17th, at the Palace of the Tuileries. At ten in the morning the Cardinal Caprara, Legate of his Holiness, was presented to his Majesty the Emperor. After divine service he was presented to her Majesty the Empress. After the grand parade, Admirals Gravina, Ambassador from his Catholic Majesty, was presented to the Emperor & Empress; and after him Mr. Schimmelpfennig, Ambassador of the Batavian Republic; and the Representatives of all the other States of Europe which are in amity with France, with the exception of Austria, Russia, Sweden and Portugal.—The Ambassadors were conducted to the Palace in the carriages of the Emperor. The Ministers came in their own carriages. Both one and the other were received with the different honours due to their rank. The Emperor being seated upon his Throne, with the Imperial crown and sceptre upon a cushion by the side of the Throne. The Emperor was dressed in full Imperial robes of the most brilliant embroidery. The same etiquette was observed as at the first presentation of diplomatic agents at the Court of Vienna and St. Peterburgh, after the accession of a new Sovereign to the Throne. Cardinal Fesch, General Duroc, Talleyrand, Berthier, Caulaincourt, and Segur, one of the Counsellors of State, have been named principal Officers of the Palace of the Emperor. M. Fleurieu, is appointed Steward of the Emperor's Household; M. Remusat, First Chamberlain; M. M. Salomoni, and Cramay, Esq., Masters of the Ceremonies, and to introduce the Ambassadors; M. Corvisart, First Physician; M. Portalis, Counsellor of State, is named Minister to regulate the Public Worship; the Senator Fouche is named Minister of the Police; M. M. Miot, and Pelet de la Lofere are the two new Counsellors of State attached to the General Office of Police. The Minister of Police is re-established with the same attributes that he had before his office was united to that of the Administration of Justice. M. Fontanes, President of the Legislative Body, is appointed Commandant of the Legion of Honour.
July 11.
Saturday next being the 14th July, the principal Theatres will exhibit their spectacles gratis. The following day, at six in the morning, the Festival will be announced by a salute of 30 pieces of cannon. At ten o'clock, the troops will be off for the Place du Carrousel, and will line the hedge up to the Invalides.
At noon his Majesty the Emperor will proceed on horseback to the Hotel des Invalides. He will hear mass there, & while the Gospel is reading all the Members of the Legion of Honour, who are at Paris, will take the Oath. The decorations of the Legion of Honour will consist of a star, with five double rays; the centre surrounded with oak and laurel, will display the head of the Emperor with this legend—"Napoleon, Emperor of the French"—On the other side, the French Eagle holding the thunder, with the legend, "Honneur et Patrie." The decorations will be ornamented with white; in gold for the grand officers, and in silver for the Legionaries. It is to be worn at the button hole, tied to a red and white ribband. It is always to be worn. The Emperor may wear either of the two stars. Arms are to be presented before the grand officers. The decorations are to be received at the same time with the Diplomatic. When it is sent to any Military Officer on duty, it is to be presented in the Emperor's name before the corps.
The seal is to represent on one side a spread-eagle on an azure field. Above and below the escutcheon is to be the decoration of the Legion of Honour. The escutcheon to be surrounded with an Imperial crown in a drapery; the hand of justice and the sceptre to be placed under the escutcheon and in the drapery. The other side will represent the Emperor sitting on his throne, clothed with the Imperial robes, with this inscription, "Napoleon, Emperor of the French."
IMPERIAL DECREES.
Decree for Taking the Oath, and the Coronation of the Emperor, and the other Necessary Ceremonies.
Palace of St. Cloud, 21 Messidor, An. 12.
NAPOLEON, by the Grace of God and the Constitutions of the Empire, Emperor of the
French, having taken the advice of his Privy Council, decrees:
FIRST SECTION.
The Taking of the Oath, & the Coronation.
 ART. 1. The taking of the Oath and the Coronation of the Emperor shall take place on the 18th Brumaire next, (Nov. 9).  2. A proclamation shall announce this solemnity to the whole Empire, and shall summon those who are to assist at it, specified in the Senate Consultum of the 28th of last Floreal, to appear at Paris before the 10th Brumaire.  3. Particular letters shall also be addressed to them on the part of his Majesty.  4. The Public Functionaries who are summoned, shall make known their arrival to the principal Master of the Ceremonies, who will indicate the place appointed for them at the ceremony.  5. The solemnity of taking the Oath, and the Coronation, will take place in presence of the Empress, the Princes, Princesses, High Dignitaries, and all the Public Functionaries, described by the Senate Consultum of the 28th Floreal, in the Chapel of the Invalides. 
SECOND SECTION.
Of the Ceremony which will take place in the Champ de Mars.
 6. After the solemnity of the taking the Oath and the Coronation, his Majesty the Emperor, will proceed to the Champ de Mars.  7. The national guards of every department of the Empire will send to Paris a detachment of 16 men, with colours for each detachment, one half of which shall be fusileers or grenadiers, one-fourth officers, and one-fourth non-commissioned officers.  8. Maritime departments, squadrons, flotillas, and armed vessels of the Empire, shall send 50 detachments of 10 men, with a flag to each detachment.  9. Every corps of horse, of all the different descriptions throughout the army, shall send a detachment of 16 men, the half of which shall be grenadiers, fusileers, soldiers, dragoons, light-horse, one-fourth officers, and one-fourth non-commissioned officers, with the colours, standard, or guidon.  10. The preceding article is applicable to the regiment of marine artillery.  11. The engineers shall send three deputations of 16 men each.  12. The 26 legions of the gen-d'arms shall each send a deputation of 4 men and a guidon.  13. The invalids of the hotel at Paris, and those of Louvain and Avignon, shall send three deputations, whose composition shall be regulated according to the instruction of the war Minister.  14. All these deputations shall successively take the oath of fidelity and obedience to his Majesty the Emperor.  15. The Deputations of the national guards, those of the maritime circles, and such of the corps who have colours, guidons, or standards, shall afterwards receive from his Majesty, for their departments or regiments, a pair of colours for each detachment, a flag for each detachment of marine, and a guidon or standard for each battalion or squadron.  16. The colours of the departments shall remain in the most conspicuous place of the Hotel of the Prefect, under the guard already settled for the Prefects. They shall never be taken from thence but by an officer named by the Emperor; and shall be unfurled and shown to the people on all solemn occasions.  17. The flags shall be distributed among the maritime circles, and deposited at the marine hotel, under a guard of honour, in the principal place of the Seven Circles in which Antwerp is comprised, in order to be given to the squadrons, naval armies, flotillas, or other armaments and expeditions, according to the orders of the Emperor.  18. On their return, these flags shall be carried to the marine hotel, where they will be kept in the Council Chamber, for some succeeding expedition.  19. The colours, standards, and guidons of the corps, shall be returned to each battalion or squadron. Those who, by the events of war, shall lose them, shall not receive others of the same kind, but by a direct order from his Majesty, after it has been proved that they were not lost by any fault of the regiment. Those who shall lose them from their own fault, shall not receive any others from the Emperor. 
(Signed) NAPOLEON.
From a London paper of July 24.
All neutral ships from France confirm our former suppositions, that the invasion, or rather invasion, will be undertaken very soon, and from several places. A Prussian ship left Cherbourg last Wednesday; the master of which states, that Bonaparte, immediately after the feast of the 14th July, was expected at the coast, and that his arrival would be the signal for the attempt; this he heard from the commander, with whom he dined the day before he failed. On the 7th, Angereau had returned to the army near Breft, and made dispositions to embark, expecting every moment orders by the telegraphe.
Accounts are received here to day, which may be depended on, that in the gales of wind last week, 20 of the French gun-boats and brigs which were caught out in the gales, were driven on shore and dashed to pieces; and there is no doubt but many lives were lost. Several of their boats upset bottom upwards at once, and most of the men in them had but very little chance of escaping. Report says, that upwards of two hundred were drowned.
BOULOGNE SQUADRON.
Dispatches were yesterday received at the Admiralty from Admiral Louis, commanding the squadron off Boulogne, stating that on Friday the enemy's flotilla came out of harbour in an hostile and menacing array.—Our squadron immediately stood towards them, and by a fortunate breeze of wind springing up, was enabled to bring them to with considerable effect. This soon threw them into confusion; and in that state they endeavoured with great precipitation to regain the harbour, which, from the disorder in which they appeared, very few were enabled to effect. The rest lay in a confused manner at the mouth of the harbour under cover of their own guns, but exposed to a galling fire from our squadron, that did them considerable damage, and sank several of them.
Private accounts from Hamburg, on the veracity of which we can rely, mention that one of the members of the military Commission, which sentenced the Duke D'Enghien to death,
was lately found murdered in the wood of Boislogne. There was a label affixed to his coat, signifying that all his colleagues in that horrible crime should share the same fate.
Russia means to make another representation upon the subject of the Duke of Enghien, upon which she receives no satisfactory answer, her Chargé d'Affaires will leave Paris.
BONAPARTE AND THE POPE.
Letters from Italy, brought by the Gottenburgh Mails of yesterday, relate the progress of Bonaparte's negotiations with the Pope, or rather his requisition of his Holiness to perform the Revolutionary Coronation Ceremony. Upon Cardinal Fesch's first mentioning this subject, Pius VII. referred it to the Sacred College of Cardinals, who, except Fesch, were unanimous in their advice to their Sovereign to decline it, as no such act has been performed by a Sovereign Pontiff for seven centuries—and it would offend the House of Austria, as Pius VI. in 1799, refused the same demand made by Leopold II. the Father of the present Emperor of Germany. Informed of this answer, Bonaparte wrote a letter with his own hand, in the most abusive language, and threatening style

should dare charge him with the murder of the Duke D'Enghien."—All this, however, we give merely as report.
We are assured that our government has received from the Swedish minister here, a formal notification on the part of his sovereign, expressing, in the most energetic language, the determination not to recognize the new title of Emperor of the French, assumed by Bonaparte. A similar communication is also stated to have been made to all foreign courts at which his Swedish Majesty has ambassadors. It is highly probable that the cabinet of Stockholm would not have proceeded to a step so bold, unless fully sanctioned by the approbation of the Emperor Alexander.
The declaration of the elector of Baden relative to the violation of his neutrality, in the arrest of the Duke D'Enghien, was taken into consideration by the Diet of Ratisbon on the 2d inst.
It is asse expected, no way calculated to give umbrage to the new Emperor, and the ministers of Austria and Prussia have acted conformably to its spirit. The declaration is submitted ad referendum, and, will, perhaps be never again heard of.
The Emperor of Morocco is preparing an Embassy to congratulate his brother Emperor, Bonaparte, on his assuming his new title. The Moorish Ambassador carries several fine Arabian horses, to present to Bonaparte, also two large ostriches, which it is supposed will be highly acceptable, as they can swallow every thing that is presented to them.
A letter from Dublin of the 10th says, "the situation of this country grows every hour more critical. From various accounts received this day from several adjacent counties, a spirit of insurrection appears to be pretty general among the lower orders. It is confidentially reported that they are sworn to rise the moment they receive an account of the enemy being at sea. Several pieces of gold, bearing the image of Bonaparte, have been distributed in the county of Wexford, by persons who have lately come from the continent."
In France as well as every where else upon the continent this year's harvest promises to be very abundant. Both bread, meat, and wine, have therefore been lower in price and are expected to be lower still.
The Prince of Orange has at length succeeded in obtaining the final settlement of his indemnification, which is understood to be six millions, to be paid off by installments.
M. Merry is said to have received from the Government of the United States a formal and full disavowal of the offensive words made use of by Mr. Livingston against the British Nation, in his letter to Talleyrand upon the Correspondence imputed to Mr. Drake. We should suppose that this disavowal will be followed by the recall of Mr. Livingston—a circumstance that will give great satisfaction to every man in the kingdom, except, perhaps, the persons by whom Mr. Livingston was entertained in this country with such professed and indecent parade.
Parliament we understand, will be prorogued on Tuesday 8th inst. It is certainly his Majesty's intention to go in person to the house of Peers.
Although boats are held out of the reciprocal esteem and friendship which actuate the grand seigneur and emperor of the French, in consequence of the intelligence brought from Constantinople by the fleur Luber, it cannot be concealed, that the influence of Russia is paramount to that of France in the councils of the Ottoman Porte.
We are happy to have in our power to inform our readers that a report has been received of admiral Linnaeus having been beat off in an attack made by him upon our lower river bound China fleet.
His majesty's ship Calcutta, which is arrived at Portsmouth, from New South Wales, fell in with at sea, on the 18th June, an American ship from Batavia, the captain of which informed them, that when the left Batavia (late not mentioned) the French squadron, under admiral Linnaeus, was at that place, having previously attacked the English China fleet, and been beat off.
By the arrival of the brig Susan and Polly, from London, we have papers as late as the 17th July; and by an arrival at New-York, dates to the 18th have been received at that place: from those we select what follows.—Norf. Gaz.
LONDON, July 15. Yesterday all the battalions of guards in London received orders to hold themselves in readiness to march at an hour's notice: they are likewise furnished with ammunition, &c.
By letters from Buffarah, we are informed, that a large body of Wahaby Arabs, not content with having plundered the tombs of Kerbulla, previously regarded as sacred, but believing that they still contained a quantity of hidden treasure, had made a second attack on the place. The assault was made at night, and a dreadful massacre of the inhabitants took place. After plundering the houses, tents, &c. the Arabs set fire to the city, and retired in the morning, carrying away with them a number of females of distinction and immense booty.
Seventy gun-boats, built on the Seine, have lately dropped down to Havre, where the flotilla now amounts to 140 sail. An attack on them is meditated, and for this purpose some bombs have been ordered thither.
Four French Naval Officers, supposed to have broken their parole at Leek, were taken on Wednesday by a party of Sea Fencibles, at Somercotes, Lincoln, and transmitted to the house of correction at Louth.—Their intention was to steal a boat, and make for the French or Dutch coast.
Yesterday Paris papers were received to the 5th inst. the following are the only articles contained in them worthy of notice:—
PARIS, July 8. The greatest activity continues to prevail in all our ports; and though the grand blow has not yet been struck, it will only be the more terrible when all our force is united.
BREST, June 21. Our fleet has never, during the last twelve years, been more complete or better disciplined, nor our officers and men in higher spirits. Admiral Gantheaume, since his appointment, has changed the signals, and made many improvements in our manoeuvres, which are more congenial to our national spirit and vivacity. On the 17th, a division of our flotilla was attacked near Penmarks, by two English ships of the line, three frigates, and four cutters; they cannonaded us for an hour, without doing us the least injury; when having received great damage from our batteries, they were compelled to retreat.
CHERBOURG, June 26. The armed vessels of our grand flotilla completely fill our road, but they are prevented from joining those at Boulogne by a strong division of English ships. Fort Bonaparte will be finished in the course of the year; and our road and harbour will then be capable of protecting a fleet of 100 ships of the line.
TOULON, June 16. The English fleet is again in sight, and we can distinguish ten ships of the line, and seven frigates. We are incessantly employed in the equipment of two ships of the line, the Superb and Bellona, that we may have a more equal force to attack our insolent foes, and expel them from the Mediterranean. But it is probable that, instead of waiting for our appearance, they will repeat their late manoeuvre, and owe their safety to flight!
SCHELDT, July 14. The declaration of the elector of Baden to the diet, on the alleged infringement of his territory by the French, has at length appeared; it breathes nothing but conciliation, and will doubtless form no part of the deliberation of the diet. On the other hand, the misunderstanding or coolness between the governments of France and Russia, seems to be widening.
SPAIN.—There appears no prospect of a rupture between Great Britain and Spain. The government have just published a regulation for the lading of convoys to Spain for a year to come.
OSTEND, July 1. Yesterday, about six in the morning, we witnessed a most remarkable event. The lighted (pointed) part of this city, for the passage of troops, &c. sunk with two hundred soldiers upon it, very few of whom have been saved.
ANTWERP, June 24. His Majesty is expected here in the course of a month to inspect our naval improvements, and great preparations are making for his reception. The first 74 gun ship ever built in our dock-yard, will be launched in his presence, together with a frigate of 44 guns, to be called the Josephine. The number of shipwrights will speedily be augmented by 200 Dutch and 300 German artificers. Two new prams and six gun-boats are ready to sail for Flushing.
From the Monitor of July 7. To-morrow (Sunday) there will be a grand parade. The emperor will give audience in the palace of the Tuilleries, to the Ambassadors and Ministers who have received their new credentials.
M. Jaubert, who the Emperor had sent to Constantinople, is on his return to Paris. He embarked at the mouth of the Danube, and ascending that river, has come by the way of Yassi and Bucharest. The troubles in Romelia render the direct road extremely dangerous. The petty Pachas infest the whole of that province; but it appears that the Porte has taken strong measures to subdue the spirit of revolt which is supposed to be fomented by some European Power.
STATE PAPERS.
The following letters from Mr. DRAKE previous to his leaving Munich, have been the subject of frequent remark and reference, but we have not sooner had an opportunity of inserting them.
Note from Mr. Drake to the Bavarian Minister of State, Baron Montgelas, delivered at Munich, March 30, 1804.
"The undersigned envoy extraordinary, from his Britannic Majesty, has been informed that his electoral highness has been pleased, at the requisition of the French Government, to give a hint to all noblemen who quitted France, during the revolution, and may now be found in his dominions, to leave the same within ten days without excepting those who are dependent on the British government. Although this account appears to be tolerably authentic, the undersigned cannot give any credit to it, without receiving a confirmation thereof from his excellency Baron Montgelas, as he is too well convinced of the just and generous sentiments of his electoral highness, to believe that his highness could have consented to such a demand from a power which has formally declared by the fourth article of its own constitution, that there are not any relations left existing between it and the persons against whom that measure is supposed to be taken; this deprives it of the right to assume any authority with respect to them; a principle which your excellency owned yourself at a time when it was in agitation to prohibit in this country the decorations of the French Monarchy. The undersigned is the more justified in his supposition, that he must have been misinformed on this subject, as knowing how forely the feeling heart of his electoral highness must be afflicted if obliged to exercise any rigour towards persons, against whom no cause of reproach can be alleged; unless it be a reproach that they have shown themselves so firmly devoted to their duties, and to that sovereign house with which his electoral highness formerly stood connected in so many respects."
"The undersigned is moreover convinced, that it could not escape the enlightened wisdom of his electoral highness, that a similar exercise of rigour against those respectable, and already so unfortunate persons, would form a rueful example of the fate awaiting those who in a moment of danger, are inclined to remain true to their lawful sovereign; and which example may induce them to swerve from their duty, at the very moment when a sovereign stands most in need of the efforts and actual proofs of their attachment."
"The undersigned has therefore, the honor to request Baron Von Montgelas to clear up his doubts on this subject, and to inform him, whether the measure in question will extend to the officers of the late Condean army, who are attached to the British government, that he may be enabled to acquaint his court thereof, and to await the commands of his sovereign accordingly."
"The undersigned avails himself of the opportunity to request Baron Von Montgelas to accept the assurances of his most particular regard, &c. (Signed) 'FRANCIS DRAKE.'
From the same to the same. MUNICH, March 31.
"I have just received a notice of so very extraordinary a nature, but which is so important of itself, and from the consequence which may result from it, that though I am very far from crediting it, I think it a duty I owe to my sovereign, to whom my person and services belong, as well as to his highness the elector himself, immediately to inform your excellency thereof. The said notice is in substance to the following purport; that the seizure of the British minister at Munich is in agitation, in the manner of that which took place with respect to his highness the duke of Enghien, at Ettenheim, in the territory of the Elector of Baden, but with this difference, that the second seizure will not be effected by a body of troops, but by men secretly sent to Munich, and its neighbourhood, by different roads. With respect to the moment and particulars of the execution. I have no detailed accounts; and I own to your excellency, that the difficulties of the enterprise appeared to me from the first too great, the project itself too extravagant, and at the same time too dreadful to be fully convinced of its existence; on the other hand, it cannot be concealed, that the example of events which have very recently occurred, as it were under our eyes are little calculated to inspire confidence. However this may be, and little as this notice has affected me personally, yet it appears to me that I should be transgressing the duties which my post, as a public minister require, if I neglected informing your excellency thereof forthwith, that you may be enabled to take in time such measures as the case may require, and to avert, by proper acts of precaution, the unpleasant result which might arise, even from the attempt to execute a design of this nature. I beg your excellency to accept the assurance, &c. (Signed) 'FRANCIS DRAKE.'
EUROPEAN POLITICS.
European politics bear a very perplexing aspect according to the latest advices. Nothing can be more mysterious than the course pursued by Russia. The Turkish empire would seem to be again in jeopardy, and the plans formed by Catherine II. to be about assuming maturity. When the Russian troops were paraded through the Hellespont, and Naples was possessed even to the gulf of Lepanto by the French, the approaching forces were concluded to be prepared for combat.—Some slight political changes have altered the opinions of European politicians, & the notion now appears to be that the French and Russian emperors meditate the removal of the Turks from Europe! Events more surpris-
ing have been familiar to the world for 12 years past.
The parade of the invasion continues to be played off by France with so much success that the money required for the services of one year by the English government amounts to seventy-seven millions of pounds sterling—or about 385,000,000 of Dollars—this we presume is a powerful evidence of order and good government. The inhabitants of the British islands do not much more than double those of the United States—a comparison of the annual expense of our government with that of Great Britain, will speak more eloquently than is within the power of the rhetorician on the difference of the systems.
It appears that the British minister has in contemplation some secret expedition, we suppose against Holland, which the involved in the war, or against Genoa, that can have no choice. This expedition and the number of new ambassadors about to be employed on the continent, shew that the funds provided, will be employed publicly and privately.
The fate of Spain appears to be very singular; and the correspondence of the prince of peace with the British minister Frere renders it more singular. In the outset the British diplomatist appeared to have the advantage; but the don continued to throw the onus upon his opponent with a dexterity and effect which could scarcely have been foreseen by Mr. Frere.
The charge of Frere's secretly endeavouring to seize the papers of Bournonville the French ambassador, was a home cut, the best Toledo could not have hewn him down with more effect.
France in the present state of things exhibits a very singular object for the politician—at war & on the defensive—and yet not attacked! Her armies living at free quarters in Italy and Hanover, and the government going through all the initiatory preparations for the formation of naval architects and seamen, perfectly at leisure & no more disturbed, nor indeed as much as would be useful to prepare men for naval enterprise.
The other powers are perfectly still; and the continent appears to be assured of another winter at peace. [Aurora.]
DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
In consequence of the failure of crops in Spain the price of flour in this country has taken a sudden and very considerable rise, and large shipments have been made and continue to be made to the ports of Spain. The publication of the following extract may throw some additional light upon the subject, and prevent some hazardous speculations.
EXTRACT. Bordeaux, June 25, 1804.
"The exportation of all sorts of grain and flour from this country to Spain and Portugal being, now permitted, must render speculations from your side in those articles hazardous."
"We shall have an immense harvest and vintage this year. Wines and Brandies in particular are looking down. Colonial produce in general advancing."
The price of flour at Bordeaux was only five dollars a barrel at the time the above letter was written.
PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 14.
IMPORTANT DECISION.
REUBEN MITCHEL } In the Supreme Court Plaintiff in error } of Pennsylvania, vs. } Sept. 15th, 1804. DAVID SMITH. }
This cause came before the court on a Writ of Error from Luzerne county. It was originally an action of debt on a single bill given by Mitchell to Smith for payment of a certain sum of money. The bill was given in consideration of a tract of land, conveyed by Smith to Mitchell, lying without the Seventeen Townships in the county of Luzerne, held by him under a deed from a committee of the Susquehanna Company under the Connecticut Title, and not derived from the authority of this Commonwealth or of the late Proprietors of Pennsylvania before the Revolution.
The question was, whether this was a legal or illegal consideration for the bill, and whether the contract for the sale and purchase of this land was a violation of the laws of this state, so tainting the whole transaction as that the Court could not legally afford their aid to carry the contract into execution. This cause had been argued at March term, 1803, and had been ever since under the consideration of the court. The chief Justice & the three associate Justices of the supreme court were present, and unanimously determined, that the consideration of the bill was illegal, a contract of such a nature and tendency as that the court could not lend their aid to carry it into effect. They therefore discharged the purchaser from the suit, and reversed the judgment of the common pleas of Luzerne county.
It is now evident that no prudent or industrious man can promise himself any advantage by settling in Pennsylvania under the Connecticut title. No length of time establishes his claim. His original entry into possession and his subsequent continuance in it, are crimes severely punished by the law; if he conveys it to another, his conveyance is declared by positive law to be nullity. The seller can never recover his purchase money of the buyer. The buyer can never recover possession of the seller. His conveyance can never be recorded. These judicious legal discouragements must ultimately prevent any industrious honest man from being concerned in this shameful business, and must bear down that opposition to the authority of the state which has already been too obstinately and criminally persisted in.
IMPORTANT DECISION.
We report that we have it not in our power, at this time, to present our readers with a more full and satisfactory detail of this important trial and decision; we however shall endeavour to procure it hereafter; the particulars which have been communicated to us we now present.
The schooner Sarah, of this port, was captured by a French privateer on her passage from St. Domingo to this place, in the month of April last, having on board a cargo of coffee to the value of about 20,000 dollars.
The vessel was carried into a port in the island of Cuba, where the captors disposed of vessel and cargo, the latter was shipped in another vessel and sent to Charleston. A variety of circumstances satisfied the supercargo of the Sarah that there was no condemnation of vessel or cargo: in consequence of which, measures were taken to arrest the cargo upon its arrival in Charleston; and a suit was instituted in the Court of the United States for the district of South Carolina. On the 1st of this month the cause came on, and after a very learned and long argument, the court pronounced in favour of the plaintiffs, the former owners, on account of the property not having been condemned, before sale to the defendant, the present owner—and ordered restitution of the coffee, or payment at an appraised value, and costs.—[Nor. Gaz.]
FROM GUADALOUPE, August 22.
Extract of a letter. "The officers of the three armed American vessels, brought into Point Petre, have been tried for piracy, in consequence of having fought their vessels, and sentenced to death! but execution is delayed until advices from France can be had on the subject."
Jerome Bonaparte. A report has been prevalent for a few days, that Jerome Bonaparte and his lady have em-
barked for Havre on board the ship Thomas. We are however assured, that this rumor with respect to Jerome is certainly incorrect. Some obscurity attends that part of it which relates to his youthful bride. It is stated on good authority, that she was to have taken her departure in that vessel under the protection of our ambassador, and that she was to have arrived here for that purpose, on Monday evening, the vessel waiting till Tuesday to receive her. On Tuesday the ship failed; and on the same day the young couple came in a stage coach to Elizabeth town. At Elizabeth town point they were received by a barge belonging to one of the French frigates. Whether the lady was put on board of the vessel as she left the harbor, or whether the ship had failed a few hours previously to her arrival, remains in doubt. The latter is said to have been the case, and that the young couple returned to Philadelphia by the stage, after a short delay.—[N. Y. Pap.]
A letter received by a merchant of this city, states, that Mr. PINCKNEY, our Minister at Madrid was to leave that city on the 29th July, having sold all his furniture, and engaged the necessary voitures, or carriages, to carry him to the sea port town, whence he was to embark for America. [Phila. True Amer.]
COMMERCIAL.
We are indebted to a respectable merchant and obliged friend for a copy of the following regulations relative to the tea trade. They were communicated by Messrs. Hope and Co. of Amsterdam, to Sir Francis Baring and Co. London, and by the latter transmitted to their correspondent in this city. No doubt, therefore, can be entertained of the correctness of the statement. We are indebted to the same gentleman for the London price current subjoined.
REGULATIONS
About the Tea Trade in Amsterdam, July, 1804.
Pursuant to these regulations it is permitted from this date, and during the course of the year 1805, for ships coming direct from China, and with cargoes of tea and other articles, to enter and unload in our ports, provided they come direct from China. Such cargoes to be placed under the management of the Asiatic Council, against a recognition of 6 1-2 per cent. of the gross proceeds, and further on the usual condition of the company's sales—and it is not expected that any difficulty will be made for the admission of any American vessels although they might have touched at some port in America, provided bulk has not been broken, and the cargoes arrive here in the same state as when shipped in China, without addition or deduction, and on satisfactory proof thereof being produced.
It is further permitted from this date to the 1st of October, 1804, to forward from the United States whole cargoes of tea as originally imported from China, by transmitting them in other vessels, with the option of keeping back the other Chinese articles imported with them, and such cargoes of tea will be admitted in our ports in the same manner as those coming direct from China on payment of a recognition of 8 per cent. of the gross proceeds, and further on the usual conditions of the company's sales; and satisfactory proofs must be produced that such shipments shall have taken place in the United States on or before the 1st of October next, after which this permission ceases.
The sale this year will probably take place towards the middle of September, the quantity of quarter chests to be no less than 40000 and not to exceed 60000.
For the next year it is not yet decided whether there will be one or two sales, but the whole amount is not to exceed 60000, and to be no less than 40000 quarter chests—Of this quantity about one half has been contracted for, the remainder to be supplied from the excess which may take place in the importation of this year, and the remainder from the arrivals in 1805, in proportion to their respective quantities. The surplus to be reserved for the first sales in 1806. The charges on the sale of tea, including commission, brokerage, &c. amount to about 5 1-2 per cent.
PROBABLE PRICES OF TEA:
   1804. 1805.     Bohea 9 12 9 12   Congo 36 46 34 44   Company 40 48 38 45   Souchong 42 52 40 48   Single & Tonkay 40 43 36 38   Hysop Skin 40 46 38 40   Hysop 62 68 58 60  
The commissioners appointed for that purpose, have rented Mr. Warren's house, on Main-Street, near the Town Point, for an Office of Discount and Deposit of the Bank of Virginia, at this place.—[Nor. Gaz.]
THOMAS VOWELL is chosen President of the Bank of Potomac.
Robert Young has been chosen to supply the vacancy occasioned in the direction by Mr. Vowell's appointment.
At a meeting of the President and Directors of the Bank of Potomac the following salaries were agreed to—viz.
   Cashier's Salary, 1250 Dols.   Teller, 900   Book Keeper, 700   Discount clerks, 650   Runner, 350   Porter, 200   [Alexa. Exp.]  
GORDON S. MUMFORD, Esq. of this city, is elected to represent in Congress the united district comprehending the counties of New-York, Richmond and Kings.—[N. Y. Mer. Adv.]
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at St. Louis, to his friend at Vincennes, Dated August, 1804.
My brother-in-law is just arrived from Cape Girardeau, and reports that several armed men, had entered Mr. Lorimier's house in the night, and liberated a prisoner who was in his custody. That they beat Mr. Cousin who wished to prevent the escape, and carried him and Lorimier several miles into the woods, threatening and insulting them, and then let them go. This irregular action had alarmed the people of that country very much.
YELLOW FEVER.
A malignant fever, we are concerned to state, lately made its appearance with considerable violence in Walton and Kortright, in the county of Delaware, in the interior of this state. In Walton four heads of families, and one young woman have died, and in Kortright a number of persons, among which are a Mr. Burritt and his two sons, both adults. We are happy, however, to learn that the disorder is better understood and much less fatal now than when it first occurred. It is attended with the black vomit, yellow skin, pain in the stomach, and other unequivocal symptoms of yellow fever; but to what the origin is attributed we do not understand. Walton and Kortright are populous villages, containing a large proportion of meadow land, which has been long covered with water from heavy rain during the past spring.
A "malignant fever" also prevails at Mill river, in Fairfield county, Connecticut, of which several out of a family have died.—[See Hudson.]
TERRIBLE STORM!!!
As public journalists, it becomes our duty to record one of the most calamitous and distressing events which has occurred since the settlement of Charleston—we have endeavoured to state the particulars with as much accuracy as the present state of the city will permit; and where the account is found not to be strictly correct, it must be ascribed to its proper cause. In some cases we have been compelled to rely upon the statements of others, although they are given as our own.
About ten o'clock on the evening of Friday last, it commenced blowing a heavy gale from N. E. which continued during the night. The wind moderated about five o'clock on Saturday morning; but at seven came on with doubled force, and continued to increase until twelve o'clock, when it blew with tremendous violence and fury; nor did it in the least decrease until ten o'clock the same evening, when the wind shifted round to the S. E. It still, however, blew with great violence until one o'clock on Sunday, accompanied at intervals with heavy showers of rain.
Twelve o'clock on Saturday was the period of high water, at which time the tide had risen several feet higher than the usual spring tides; after which it began to ebb, and about 6 o'clock in the evening it had fallen a little more than two feet; as this ebb was so inconsiderable, it was feared that the next flood would be much higher than the former; but on the contrary it continued to fall, and was not as high on Sunday morning at 1 o'clock, the time of high water, as it was the evening before at 6 o'clock, the period of low water.
The following summary of the damages sustained by this gale, is hastily drawn up:
IN THE CITY.
A number of large trees are torn up by the roots; almost every slated house is in part unrooted; and a number of fences blown down.
GEN. GADSDEN'S WHARF
Has sustained considerable injury—Several wooden stores are blown down and washed away, and their contents, about 250 barrels of rice, and a quantity of cotton, much damaged, and a great part lost. A long lying at this wharf, rode out the storm with little damage. To form an estimate of the loss sustained by Gen. Gadsden, at present, is impossible—it has however been stated to us as little short of fifteen thousand pounds.
MR. PRITCHARD'S WHARF
Has also sustained considerable damage, and a slip which he had built for the convenience of repairing ships, is we are told, driven away.
MR. MEY'S WHARF
Has fortunately escaped with little damage; nor do we learn that any vessels lying there have received serious injury.
MR. WILLIAMS'S WHARF,
Is much injured by the driving of the vessels against its sides. The ship Dana is left with her stern resting on the wharf; and the sch. Kiling Sun driven into the dock with damage—a pilot boat schooner is also sunk along side of the wharf.
GOVERNOR'S BRIDGE.
The east front of the wall is broke down in several places—a small building on the outside blown down—and the new drain recently built from Church-street to the Bay, totally destroyed. The brigs Norfolk and Unanimity of this port, the sch. Mary of Wilmington, and a small coaster, driven against the bridge, and much injured.
MR. PAUL PRITCHARD'S WHARF,

whole of the bulwark, from Meeting-street to McKenzie's wharf is washed away, a two story house, belonging to Mr. Veitch, built on made ground, to some little distance from the street, was washed down, and we believe all the furniture swept away. A large brick warehouse of Mr. Williamson's was also blown down, and his wharf considerably damaged. The tide rose so high, that most of the inhabitants quit their houses, and took shelter in a more central part of the city—Two or three small coasting vessels were here driven to pieces.
The brig Venus, loaded for New-York; and the Sally, Spooner, for Bordeaux, are driven ashore on James-Island; and the Danish ship Francesco drifted from her anchorage, and is ashore on the marsh opposite William's wharf. The Schooner Eliza-Anne upset in Ahbley River about two o'clock on Saturday, and her crew remained on the wreck until 7 o'clock the next morning. Several small vessels are said to be ashore in Ahbley River.
SULLIVAN'S ISLAND. Very great anxiety prevailed in the city during the gale, for the fate of the persons on the island: it was feared that not a house would have escaped the storm; nor was it until noon of yesterday that a boat could venture to their relief. The accounts we have received from that quarter, are, however, more favorable than we expected. About twenty houses were either blown down, or their foundations undermined and washed away. The inhabitants had fortunately resorted to the Lazzaretto, Barracks, and other parts of the island not immediately exposed to the fury of the waves; and we are happy to state that only one life was lost—a black boy. The storm was so violent that nothing could be saved from the houses destroyed, and every article they contained was washed away with the buildings. The situation of a number of families was truly distressing. In many cases women and children alone occupied the house; who were unable to help themselves; and but for the prompt assistance afforded by several gentlemen on the island, they must have perished. Several houses which have stood the gale, are we told owe their security to large beds of sand which were driven against them, and formed a rampart. Some of the finest buildings are destroyed. We have in part only heard the names of persons whose houses are down—these are, Mrs. Middleton, Mr. G. Manigault, Mr. J. Manigault, Mr. Ogilvie, Mr. Coffin, Col. Stevens, Mr. Courtney, Mr. Littlejohn, Mrs. Ramadge, Mr. Brailsford, Mr. Wrapp, Mrs. Hill, Mr. Watson, Mr. Chambers, Mr. Hunter, Mr. Calder, and Mr. Green. Several gentlemen who were on the island, have expressed to us as their firm conviction, that had the tide continued to rise half an hour longer, not a single building would have been left standing. From Port Moutrie, near which the sea made a clear breach, to the cove, every spot was covered with the water.
PORT JOHNSON. Which has long been in a tottering state, we are told is now destroyed; nor can a single cannon be mounted—the buildings are also much injured.
PORT PINCKNEY. The breast-work and palfades of this Fort are washed away—and unless prompt repairs are made, it is supposed the walls of the Fort will be endangered.
FROM THE COUNTRY. We have received but imperfect accounts—all the bridges between this and Jacksborough are carried away; and so many trees have been blown down across the roads, that the flags, it is apprehended, will not be able to travel for several days. We are told by a gentleman who came in yesterday, that all the cotton plants along the road for many miles, are destroyed—the rice fields were so completely covered with water, that it could not be ascertained what damage the banks have sustained.
IN THE VICINITY OF THE CITY. The gardens have sustained considerable injury—the fences were blown down—large trees torn up by the roots; and the vegetation appears blighted with the salt spray—several small buildings, stables, &c. are also thrown down, among which a range on the Washington Court, occupied during the races as public houses, are levelled.
But few lives were lost in the gale; a canoe with four negroes was upset in Ahbley River, and three of the negroes drowned. A negro fellow was also killed in the falling of Mr. Veitch's house. [Charleston Times, Sept. 10.]
We are sorry to learn that our cotton planting brethren in the lower country, particularly on the islands, and along the sea coast, are likely to experience an almost total loss of their crops this year, in consequence of the destructive ravages of the caterpillars. Fields which a few days ago presented the most flattering prospects and promised the most abundant produce, are now abandoned, and appear like fields the vegetation of which has been destroyed by fire. The ravages of these destructive reptiles, we understand extends from the Florida shore, all along the sea coast, and through the lower country, and may be pronounced almost universal.—On Cumberland Island, St. Simons, Sapelo, at Darien, &c. we learn that the cotton crops are almost entirely destroyed. One gentleman who had calculated upon, and had a fair prospect of making three hundred bales of cotton, now expects to make but very little more than will produce seed for another year's planting, and another gentleman who had calculated upon one hundred and twenty bales, recently offered his crop for six. In the upper country & in some plantations in the neighbourhood of this place the caterpillars have appeared, but we believe the injury they have done as high up the country as this place, has not as yet been very extensive. When they once appear in a field we do not know that there is any method of destroying them, but we would recommend as an experiment, pulling burning brimstone, between the rows of cotton, through the whole field. The noxious effluvia from burning brimstone, is usually destructive, to such insects. [Aug. Her.]
The last accounts from Cuba say that no French prizes are allowed to be brought into that island, except when in distress; and when fitted they are obliged to depart. If this regulation were enforced it would be an honourable act of justice to suffering neutrals.—[N. Y. Mer. Adv.]
The British Parliament, at the last dates, were completing a law to determine in what case the importation of corn should be allowed. A member of the House of Commons complained that extortioners took advantage of the mere discussion of this subject to spread alarm. He said, "on the last market day, wheat rose 5s. a sack, on the present day it has risen 8s. more." [Ibid.]
We understand, says the Aurora, that our board of health perceiving that persons in many vessels from Point Petre were affected with yellow fever, have during the last two months subjected all shipping from thence to a rigid quarantine—& we now deem it our duty for the sake of the other ports of the United States—to declare from authority that the board yesterday received official information of the prevalence of yellow fever both on shore and in the port of Point Petre.
BILLS OF LADING, SHERIFFS BLANKS, BLANK BONDS, &c. &c. FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
A series of papers has appeared in the Aurora, on the subject of "Spanish Aggressions." The two first of these relate to the convention that was formed with Spain on the 11th of August 1802, which professes to be "a convention for the indemnification of those who have sustained injuries in consequence of the excesses of individuals of either nation during the late war." This is the convention which, it is now said, the Spanish court have refused to ratify. The three last of these papers relate to a more curious and perhaps a more interesting topic; the adjustment of the eastern boundary of Louisiana. We shall select these last numbers for the inspection, and perhaps the information of our readers.
SPANISH AGGRESSIONS. No. III.
Since the two preceding numbers were written a series of articles, purporting to be letters from Spain, have appeared in the Philadelphia Gazette—some of which merit particular attention. The letters are declared to be from "characters of the first respectability"—we have not the least doubt of this fact, and they are said to have been received by an intelligent character here—which is still more certain! we could with that they had fallen into the hands of an editor either intelligent himself or capable of discerning what was due to the honor and interest of his own country; or who possessed a knowledge of the subject to be capable of forming an opinion upon it. The opinion of the Philadelphia Gazette here is certainly of no more importance than the chirping of the locust, but when it is well known that foreign governments have taken pains to obtain and make use of the opinions of certain American individuals for the purpose of delaying or denying the just claims of American citizens, made by the American government—we should not be at all surprised to hear of the equally inconsistent and imbecile opinions of a mercenary Gazetteer, being employed for the same purposes as the opinions of mercenary lawyers.
We have not the least doubt that the Madrid letter of the 12th July, comes directly from an official source; and in this view we shall offer a few remarks upon it. It now appears notwithstanding all the previous exultations of major Yackson and other wise acre editors, that Spain "does not dispute our title to Louisiana properly so called," and that all the exultation on the injudicious consequences resulting from the purchase are reduced to a simple dispute about boundaries!
That some negotiation would necessarily arise and some difference of opinion follow, upon the final settlement of boundaries, which has never yet been settled, were incidents that might naturally have been expected; and it was as natural to presuppose that in the negotiation, Spain would employ all the means, usually resorted to by European diplomats, to procure for itself, as good terms as possible. But it was not therefore a necessary consequence that a war should be the effect of this negotiation; and it will scarcely be supposed that the menace of war, would be the most likely method of obtaining from us the best terms for Spain. Whatever therefore has been said in the papers in the nature of menace, we conclude to be mere brutum fulmen ; and that the whole will be amicably settled by the more pacific system of negotiation—we find in the letter from Madrid, that Spain is disposed to do this for "a fair equivalent."
What then are the objects upon which negotiation will principally hinge? They appear to be founded in the following propositions.
1. That East and West Florida were originally ceded by France to England in 1763, who at the same time ceded to Spain the island of N. Orleans, and the territory west of the Mississippi. 2. That in 1780 Spain conquered the country east of the Mississippi, then divided into E. and W. Florida, which conquests were confirmed by the peace of 1783. 3. That W. Florida formed no part of Louisiana as originally ceded by France to Spain. These propositions will be found perhaps to contain the essence of the dispute, so far as it concerns territory; but it should be kept in view that while Spain effects to carry a lofty port on these particularities, there are other subjects, upon which Spain has to render justice & retribution to the United States; and it is very apparent, that the assumes a more arrogant tone upon these points, only because our government has in the most decisive manner, demanded satisfaction for the insult and injury done us, by the Spanish intendant at New-Orleans and by the pillage of our vessels at sea.
Spain in fact appears to wish for a general compromise of difference to obtain an oblivion of injuries, and to make that oblivion the price of a settlement of boundaries—but in the course of the business, she defeats her own purpose—either her ministers are misinformed or very much mistake the character of our government—from what we know we are rather disposed to think them mistaken.
Let us now examine the principles laid down in support of the pretensions of Spain, as expressed in the Madrid letter.—The first proposition sets out with stating in a manner and in words incorrect, what is not in fact true. It states, that "East and West Florida were originally ceded by France to England." This is incorrect in terms, because there was no division of the territory into East and West, until after the English took possession of Florida in 1763—The treaty bears date the 10th day of February, 1763, and the British king's proclamation is of date the 7th October of that year, the 7th and 24th articles contains all that relates to this subject therein.
Art. VII. In order to re-establish peace on solid and durable foundations, and to remove forever all subject of dispute with regard to the limits of the British and French territories on the continent of America, it is agreed that for the future, the confines between the dominions of his Britannic majesty and those of his most christian majesty, in that part of the world shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along the middle of the river Mississippi, from its source to the river Iberville, and from thence by a line drawn along the middle of this river and the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the sea and for this purpose the most christian king cedes in full right and guarantees to his Britannic majesty the river and port of Mobile, and every thing which he possesses or ought to possess on the left side (East side) of the Mississippi except the town of N. Orleans and the island on which it is situated, which shall remain to France, &c.
Art. XXIV. Great Britain shall at the end of three months after the exchange of ratifications enter into possession of the river and port of Mobile, and of all that is to form the limits of the territory of Great Britain on the (East) side of the Mississippi as specified in the 7th article."
These we presume are the foundation of the assertion that East and West Florida were originally ceded by France to England, "who at the same time ceded to Spain, New-Orleans & the territory west of the Mississippi—which" Spain is alleged "to have held ever since without any alteration of boundaries whatsoever."
Now this is altogether either wilfully misrepresented or palpably mistaken. The country here specified was ceded to Spain by France in virtue of a secret convention dated the 3d of November 1762, which preceded what is called the "original cession."
Neither is it a fact that the country now called E. & W. Florida was held ever since and without alteration of boundaries by Spain; for it is well known that during our revolution, the British took possession of Florida, and so far from its remaining without boundary, the British did actually divide the country again into two provinces, which they called East and West Florida. But it may be proper in this place to advert to the original cession and names of those countries. The whole of the territory south of Virginia was at that time called Florida, and it was with a view to its division that Soto cut out from Cuba the voyage wherein he discovered the Mississippi. The plantations of Carolina and of South Carolina and subsequently of Georgia, took from the countries therefore called Florida.
The success of the British plantations, and the disputes which arose between their southern neighbours, and the disputes which arose upon the seas, between the two nations, produced a variety of negotiations. Those which took place in 1738 arose from the Spaniards insisting on the right of "visiting, searching" British vessels, and the counter complaints of Britain, that Spain was encroaching upon British boundaries, a convention concluded at Pardo on the 14th January 1739, wherein it was stipulated "that commissioners should be appointed to regulate the pretensions of the two powers in relation to the limits of Florida and Carolina."
It appears that commissioners were appointed and that they determined the limits of Florida, to be a line drawn from Fort St. George on the mouth of the river San Matheo, due west to the mouth of the river Vassia, in the bay of Apalachee. We have before us the convention of Pardo, and the map with the boundary line thus drawn, published in 1755.
The river St. Matheo, is now called the St. Johns river, and is in latitude 30, 35 north. This boundary it will appear was a sacrifice on the part of Great Britain, which plainly shews that she thought it necessary to make some reparation to Spain; for the Carolinians had by two very desperate battles in 1702 and 1703, in which the Spaniards were overcome, obtained possession of the country of the Apalachees, and had extended their conquests to the full limits of the Carolina charter, by the destruction of the Timouqua Indians, and the Spaniards who had joined them in 1706.
The Carolina charter extended the boundary to the 29th degree of north latitude, and these several victories of the Carolinians had secured what by charter they had been granted. Great Britain in granting to Spain by the operation of the convention of Pardo, territory, which she held to the extent of a degree of latitude, acted towards Spain so far liberally. But what is important to the present question is, that the line settled by the convention at Pardo, limits Florida simply to the peninsula, and does not extend it even as far as the St. Marks or to the Apalachicola rivers.
From thenceforward to 1763, when the charter for Georgia was passed, the whole of that country from the Curratuck Inlet, the south boundary of Virginia, to Cape Canaveral, in lat. 28 54, was called Carolina; and after Georgia had been established, the country north of the river St. Johns, and as far as Savannah on the sea coast was called Georgia, as well as the interior to the river Alabama, and all the countries of the Creeks; and thence beyond called and claimed by the French as Louisiana up to the Alleghany mountains.
It appears then that the Madrid letter is not correct in its position, that East and West Florida was originally ceded by France to England in 1763.
1. Because neither the treaty of 1763, nor the convention of Pardo of 1739 even mention any such subdivision. 2. Because as it appears by the facts, the whole of Florida, after the convention of Pardo, was necessarily limited to the peninsula, part of what is now called East Florida. 3. Because as is evident from this convention that even the occupation of that part of what is now called East Florida which lies north of the 30th 35' was an usurpation and contravention of the pre-existing convention, which ought not to be brought up even if it would be of use in support of a claim to a still more extensive innovation. 4. It is not a correct position to assert, that any part of Florida was originally ceded by France to England, because the original cession was made by France to Spain in 1762. 5. Because the division into two provinces was made by the British after the treaty of 1763, their intention being to extend their frontier along the Mississippi and to combine their political and commercial operations from Canada by the Lakes with the Mississippi.
OLD MADEIRA, DRY LISBON, & PORT WINE.
ROBERT GORDON & Co. HAVE received by the Taliana from Madeira, 50 pipes selected OLD WINE, which they assure their friends proves to be excellent.—They have also a few pipes, hogsheads and quarter-casks DRY LISBON and PORT WINE, imported by themselves direct from Lisbon and Oporto.
FALL GOODS. They have received by the Charles and Edward from London, part of their FALL GOODS, and daily expect from Liverpool and Glasgow an extensive assortment of nearly every article usually imported. September 22. e39no388M
EDUCATION.
The Trustees of Winchester Academy acquaint the public, that the Latin, Greek and French languages, together with Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, the use of the Globes, Euclid, and the practical branches of the Mathematics, are taught in the Academy, by the principal master and his assistants. The school is provided with Globes and Maps, for the use of the lower classes; with Telescopes and an Electrical Machine; with an Air-pump, Barometers, and other parts of a Chemical and Philosophical apparatus, for making the usual experiments on Air, and exhibiting the properties of the different elastic fluids. In their examinations of the school, the Trustees have been highly pleased with the plan of teaching and the proficiency of the Pupils; and are extremely happy in adding, that they believe most greatly increased the utility of the institution, that Judge White will, in future, deliver in the Academy, a Course of Lectures on the Laws and Constitutions of this State, and the United States. These Lectures will commence annually on the first Monday in December, and continue until the last of the succeeding March, and it is confidently believed, that every exertion in his power, will be made by that gentleman, to render his Lectures beneficial to his Pupils, and worthy of public patronage. JOHN SMITH, President of the Trustees. September 22. (cp—Gov.)
Printing, IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE of the ENQUIRER.
ENQUIRER. RICHMOND: SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1804.
BANK OF VIRGINIA.
[The bank of Virginia will then commence its operations on Monday the 8th of October. It is not probable that its discounts during the first two months, will be very extensive. It is provided by the law that each share should be divided into four parts, payable in four different instalments. The first was paid, when the share was subscribed for: the second will be due, in 60 days from the time, it commences business: the third in 120 days: the fourth in 180 days. Now it is evident that if extensive discounts are allowed, it will be in the power of the share holders to draw from the bank that money which they will have to pay in as their second instalment. The provision of the law that it shall be paid in specie, will not prevent this operation. It will be easy for the stockholder, who receives the bank paper on his discounted notes, to return it with it to the bank and exchange it for Gold or Silver. In this case, the directors will have no other resource than the one, which the bank of England has resorted to: a refusal to issue any Gold and Silver, until the exigency of the moment shall have expired. That this is the dilemma, which will be presented to the directors, is evident from the nature of the case. Yet if the experience of other similar institutions was demanded, we should find the effects of an early and extensive discount clearly illustrated by the history of the Bank of Ayr in Scotland. That this was one of the principal causes, which led to the destruction of that liberal but ill-conducted institution, we have evidence sufficient in the following simple account by Adam Smith. Wealth of Nations, Vol. I. page 471. London Edition.]
In the midst of this clamour and distress, a new bank was established in Scotland for the express purpose of relieving the distress of the country. The design was generous; but the execution was imprudent, and the nature and causes of the distress which it meant to relieve, were not, perhaps, well understood. This bank was more liberal than any other had been, both in granting cash accounts, and in discounting bills of exchange. With regard to the latter, it seems to have made scarce any distinction between real and circulating bills, but to discount all equally. It was the avowed principle, the whole capital which was to be employed in those improvements of which the returns are the most slow and distant, such as the improvements of land. To promote such improvements was even said to be the chief of the public spirited purposes, for which it was instituted. By its liberality in granting cash accounts, and in discounting bills of exchange, it, no doubt, issued great quantities of its bank-notes. But those bank-notes being, the greater part of them, over and above what the circulation of the country could easily absorb and employ, returned upon it, in order to be exchanged for gold and silver, as fast as they were issued. Its coffers were never well filled. The capital which had been subscribed to this bank at two different subscriptions, amounted to one hundred and sixty thousand pounds, of which eighty per cent. only was paid up. This sum ought to have been paid in at several different instalments. A great part of the proprietors, when they paid in their first instalment, opened a cash account with the bank; and the directors, thinking themselves obliged to treat their own proprietors with the same liberality with which they treated all other men, allowed many of them to borrow upon this cash account what they paid in upon all their subsequent instalments. Such payments, therefore, only put into one coffer, what had the moment before been taken out of another. But had the coffers of this bank been filled even so well, its excessive circulation must have emptied them faster than they could have been replenished by any other expedient and when the bill became due, paying it, together with interest and commission, by another draught upon the same place. Its coffers having been filled so very ill, it is said to have been driven to this resource within a very few months after it began to do business. The estates of the proprietors of this bank were worth several millions, and by their subscription to the original bond or contract of the bank, were really pledged for the great credit which so great a pledge necessarily gave it, it was, notwithstanding its too liberal conduct, enabled to carry on business for more than two years. When it was obliged to stop, it had in circulation about two hundred thousand pounds in bank-notes. In order to support the circulation of those notes, which were continually returning upon it as fast as they were issued, it had been constantly in the practice of drawing bills of exchange upon London, of which the number and value were continually increasing, and, when it stopped, amounted to upwards of six hundred thousand pounds. This bank, therefore, had, in little more than the course of two years, advanced to different people upwards of eight hundred thousand pounds at five per cent. Upon the two hundred thousand pounds which it circulated in bank-notes, this five per cent. might, perhaps, be considered as clear gain, without any other deduction besides the expense of management. But upon upwards of six hundred thousand pounds, for which it was continually drawing bills of exchange upon London, it was paying, in the way of interest and commission, upwards of eight per cent., and was consequently losing more than three per cent. upon more than three-fourths of all its dealings.
A CARD—TO THE EDITOR OF THE ENQUIRER.
You know, Sir, that it is one of the maxims of the men of the world, that every individual, however wise or foolish he may be, is to be courteously supposed best acquainted with his own business. You know also, that some men are so strongly attached to this maxim, they will not suffer any one to interfere in the management of their own concerns; and that they are very apt to call a man, who gives them the most friendly and sage advice, a very impertinent fellow. You will permit me to say, Sir, that your own opinion on this point is of little or no consequence on the present occasion. The hints which I intend to offer to you, will relate indeed to your own business; but they will relate also to the business of the public. 'Tis true, Sir, you cannot be called a public officer; but in one sense of the word, you deserve to be called a public man. You are certainly no legislator, no judge, no member of the Executive Council; and yet there is not one of these, whom you may not influence in the management of public matters. You do not make the laws; but may you not furnish them with the materials, out of which they may be made? You do not decide judicial cases; but certainly, Sir, there is no Editor of a paper, that may not publish some information, which may even assist the researches of the Bar and the Bench. I repeat, therefore, that I have an interest as well as yourself, in the proper direction of your paper; and that I have a right to tell you of all its faults, even if they were as numerous as the spots on the sun. In exercising this right, you will not probably find my criticisms too frequent or too severe. I have not discovered many faults in your paper as yet; and in exposing those, which really provoke my censure, be assured I do not act from any ungenerous desire of showing my ingenuity on the discovery of faults, but from a sincere wish of amending your paper. In a fervent attachment to the benefits of a free and active press, and in an attachment to the interests of the Enquirer, there is scarcely any one, not even your humblest Editor, who can properly claim a superior interest over me. With this preface, I proceed to my criticism and my plan.
You have given you, Sir, most of the important news that relates to foreign countries. You have told us how Pitt became first minister of England, and how Bonaparte became hereditary emperor in France; how this negotiation proceeded, and when that skirmish at sea took place. You have also given us a pretty considerable stock of domestic news. When this American vessel was taken, or that American frigate impressed by our good friends the British; what is the foundation of our difference with Spain; when such an election took place in the different States, and who were elected: these and similar articles of intelligence, have not escaped your notice. But there are certain things, Sir, which you have not told us of at all, and which most of your readers would be anxious to understand:
The republican party having become victorious by the election of Mr. Jefferson, have now broke out into schisms among themselves, and divided themselves into distinct sects in some of the states. Such are the Burrites and Clintonians in New-York, the friends and opponents of Breckenridge in Kentucky, the advocates of Leib and Penrose in Philadelphia. These divisions in the republican party will certainly be most interesting to the states themselves, where they exist; but without doubt they will also, in a certain degree, the political condition of the other states. Yet, notwithstanding this circumstance, Sir, you have scarcely noticed them. Here then is one fault in your paper.
The federal party have been very busy in throwing censures upon Mr. Jefferson's administration. In Virginia, where this party is so small and so inactive, we seldom hear of those censures. Those who wish to be acquainted with their complaints, must consequently seek for them principally in the Northern papers. But even we ourselves should sometimes listen to the language of reproach. Whatever excellent opinion we may form of Mr. Jefferson or his administration, we cannot deny, that he is subject to imperfection. There is no government under heaven, that is altogether faultless; because we have men, and not angels, to conduct its operations. Yet even if our President, like some of the eastern kings, could do no wrong, it would still afford us some satisfaction to know, what are the mistakes attributed to him by those who differ from us in opinion. You, however, Sir, have seldom given us any account of these contentions. Were we to judge by the contents of your paper, we should be apt to conclude that Mr. Jefferson's administration was as contentaneous to the feelings of the federal party, as we conceive it to be agreeable to the strictest standard of policy. Here then, Sir, is another fault in your paper.
These statements may sometimes furnish the most important subjects of enquiry for an inquisitive mind. Indeed there are many facts which occur in the foreign or domestic intelligence of a newspaper, which point to great principles, and suggest curious questions. These might be offered as so many problems for the investigation of your readers. Excite the spirit of enquiry, Mr. Editor; and you will contribute very much towards the consummation of an object which you ought to place next your heart. Need I tell you, that it is the improvement of the public mind? Yes, Sir, the man who wishes to improve the public mind, must subject it to the same systematic progress, by which the enlightened instructor matures the fill more imbecile mind of his pupil. It must not only be taught how to think and what to think, which Dr. Price has said are the two great ends of education: but, Sir, it must be inspired with a desire to think, and it must be provided with something on which to meditate. How many men are there whose energies have been dissipated in the most frivolous pursuits, because they wanted some higher object to arouse them, and call forth their dormant genius! How many men are there who know nothing, because they have nothing to think about! Set a man once to reflecting; make him as desirous of solving a certain problem, as most of us are desirous of seeing a monster, or an oddity; and you have more certainly contributed to that man's improvement than if you had poured a thousand valuable truths into his passive intellect. I know, Mr. Editor, that when I expect you to discharge this office, you may think me exorbitant in my demands. You may perhaps ask me to point out a single editor, who assumes such a privilege, or performs such a duty. Suffer me however to tell you, Sir, that such an answer would not be altogether satisfactory to my mind. You are not to do what other printers have done, but what you yourself are competent to do. Not having entered into those discussions yourself, which the facts you have communicated to the public would undoubtedly suggest, was it not your duty to extract from them a series of problematical questions and to present them to the public? But you have neglected this duty. Here then is a third fault in your paper.
You must not take me, Mr. Editor, for one of those men who delight in doing nothing, except in finding fault with other people. As I have taken the liberty to make a few criticisms on your paper, I am willing to second my suggestions by doing anything in my power to remedy its imperfections. Hear then the proposition by which I am willing to test the sincerity of my wishes.
Like yourself, I have access to a great number of newspapers. It is in my power also to catch "the manners living as they rise." I will occupy this department of the paper, which you have neglected. I will present your readers with a summary view of party discussions, and of federal censures. Occasionally some topics shall be suggested, which will demand their consideration. If you approve of my plan, you shall receive my first communication on Wednesday week. In the delineation of these hasty sketches, I have no doubt, Mr. Editor, that you will find me a very rude and unpolished artist; yet if I have none of the graces of composition, you will find at least that I possess another quality, which most very figurative writers sometimes think beneath their notice. If I can lay claim to no other merit, I trust, you will do me the justice to admit that I shall be a faithful INDEX.
The Editor, while he acknowledges the accuracy of Index's criticisms, returns him his pen thanks for the plan, which he has proposed. He will receive with pleasure any communication which he may think proper to offer.
LOW FOR READY MONEY.
FOR sale, an able NEGRO MAN, who has been accustomed to the use of the spade and scythe, and who will make a valuable laborer to a master residing in the country. Apply at the office of the Enquirer. August 5. e24W

MR. VOLNEY, in his "View of the Soil and Climate of the United States," has indulged the fancy to peculiar him, in making observations on the diet of the people of America. In the present number I must be permitted to relate the observations of a foreigner of another country, on a subject not less important to the health and comfort of our citizens, than the composition of our "graves." He, however, cannot be charged with "requiting hospitality by publishing calumnies." It is true, the remarks were his, but they were colloquial; the blame, then, of making them public, attaches exclusively to me, and I know but little of the temper of my countrymen, if they are not always as willing to receive useful and improving hints, as they are unwilling to bear with impetuosity disgusting and unqualified censures.
On an oppressively hot day, in the course of the present summer, chance threw me into the company of an Englishman, who had lately arrived in this country. The conversation naturally turned towards the weather, and I was forcibly struck with the observations of the stranger.
"When I embarked for this country (said he) I figured to myself the universal happiness of your citizens, so completely emancipated from the despotic laws of Europe. I did not anticipate that, when that great end was accomplished, the people of an independent country would remain subject to the still more despotic customs of their mother country. I did suppose that the freedom and independence of fashions and manners would soon follow the freedom and independence of your political station; for it appears to me as natural that a youth of eighteen should clothe himself in the habiliments, and assume the prop of his grand-father of four-score, as that a young continental nation should imitate the fashions of an old and injudicious country."
"How strange! that notwithstanding your great freedom of enquiry, and notwithstanding the annual recurrence of a pestilential disease in your larger towns, (which always occurs in the hottest weather too) you have not bestowed more attention on the subject of constructing town-houses, in such a manner as to render them as cool and healthy as possible. And still more strange! that the subject of planning your towns with the view of attaining the same end, has occupied no part of your reflections on public improvements. It is admitted by all that the diseases of hot weather are more numerous & more fatal in your Atlantic towns, than those of cold; does it not follow then, that the structure of your houses, and the plans of your towns, should be as well adapted to exclude the heats of summer, as a due reference to the cold of winter will allow? To effect this, is it not essential to keep the scorching rays of the sun at as great a distance as possible, by trees, porticoes, or thick walls, and to admit the heated air as sparingly as possible through small apertures? It has often been remarked, that "in the religious and castellated forms of Gothic architecture," the apartments are infinitely cooler than in the modern fashionable edifices. In them the walls are exceedingly thick, and the windows too small to admit a sufficiency of light for ordinary purposes. That style of building has been abandoned in England, because their climate being an insular and humid one, the sunbeams are ever hailed as a welcome guest; but in the southern parts of Europe, where the sun's influence, as in you, is powerfully oppressive, castles are there abodes infinitely preferred. In Spain, when they have not the advantage of the "castellated form," they have a very simple mode of keeping their apartments cool, by opening the windows at night to admit the cool air, and closing the shutters in the morning to exclude the hot air. Even this precaution, however, is not taken in America. Your apartments, with four or six large windows, often without shutters, exhibit a very good model of a receptacle for exotics of the vegetable kingdom, but are surely not very well calculated to promote the pleasurable sensations of a human being. No one can enjoy more than I do, the "life-inspiring air" of morning; but it would be almost as rational to invite a stream of the Syrocs of Italy or the Symoon of the African desert, as a current of your "taunted air" passing over a pavement heated even to inflammation by the noon-day sun."
Our Englishman conceiving that his argument was so far established (for it was difficult to contravert his facts) pursued the course of moral reasoning, who extend their principles from man to those collections of men denominated nations, in extending his arguments from one house to those collections of houses denominated towns. "If it be admitted (continued he) that cold be a negative quality, or nothing more than the absence of heat, I presume that the greater portion of shade, or in other words, the smaller the portion of solar rays falling on your streets, the cooler will be your towns. This, I take for granted, is precisely upon the same principle that the night is cooler than the day; a fact which, I believe, stands undisputed. Without reflecting, however, on the difference of climate, you as fervently imitate the English in the plan of your towns, as in the padding of your coats or the fulling of your cravats. There, wide streets and low houses are proper, because in a moist and northern climate it is essential to admit the sun-beams as copiously as possible. Here, narrow streets and high houses are proper, because in a dry and southern climate it is essential to exclude the sun-beams as completely as possible. In order to effect this, two different modes may be recommended: the one perhaps more convenient, the other certainly more beautiful. The first consisting chiefly of alleys, the second of piazzas or colonnades."
"In the first mode, there might be two descriptions of streets: the one for carriages of all kinds, the other exclusively for pedestrians. The streets for carriages might be sufficiently wide for three to pass, and would require no foot pavements; and along these might be ranged all the wholesale stores and ware-houses. The other streets would only be narrow alleys snootily paved, into which the dwelling houses and retail-stores might open. Upon this plan there would be an immense saving in the expense of pavement, and these passages would be much more agreeable than wide streets, owing to the constant shade of the houses on each side, and the current of cooled air that must rush through them in the summer season. In Edinburgh there are many of these alleys opening into wide streets, and as the air becomes heated and rarified in the latter, its place is supplied by a current through the former, which passes, in a warm day, with such velocity as to be compared to the operation of the blow-pipe. In China, I am informed, they improve on the plan of narrow alleys, by spreading mats over them, from the tops of the houses, during the heat of the day. That this plan is more healthful too, we have the testimony of the most eminent physicians of Paris, who assert that in the old part of that city, where the houses are so high and the streets so narrow as never to be dry, the inhabitants are more healthy in summer, than those of the other parts of the city, notwithstanding their poverty and filth, which are powerfully exciting causes of disease. In addition to these advantages, it is certainly as easy and as cheap to keep narrow streets clean as wide ones, and whatever filth may be carelessly left on them is surely much less liable to putrefaction from the absence of the sun's rays. It should be remembered that streets are only intended as pass-ways from one place to another and are only used as places of rendezvous for business or pleasure, where there are no porticoes or public squares. Public gardens or squares should never be dispensed with in any town, for when laid out with taste they not only embellish the appearance of the town itself, but also, by inviting to exercise companies of both sexes, unquestionably contribute greatly to the health and sociability of the inhabitants."
"Here suffer me to express my astonishment (observed the stranger) at the apathy which pervades the citizens of Richmond in their neglect of the Capitol square. Although there are several wealthy gentlemen residing on the confines of this square, whose dwellings would be highly ornamented by its improvement; although the citizens below the hill have not a spot to which they can send their children to take the air; although there is no such place as a Promenade, to which persons of both sexes can resort for society and for exercise; although the town would be so much embellished by surrounding the Capitol with trees—not one effort is made towards effecting this desirable object. It is difficult to calculate the advantages to society by such a place of resort. You must permit me to say that you do not occupy at present the most elevated rank in the scale of refined society. The sexes are severed. The men frequent the Capitol, the Post Office, the Taverns, and the Barbacues. The women remain at home, or visit each other in neighbourhoods, as if your town were laid out in little cantons. A public garden would often bring together and make acquainted persons of both sexes, who now scarcely exchange a word with each other. The pleasures of social intercourse might thus be daily enjoyed without the trouble or parade of formal visits."
notwithstanding their poverty and filth, which are powerfully exciting causes of disease. In addition to these advantages, it is certainly as easy and as cheap to keep narrow streets clean as wide ones, and whatever filth may be carelessly left on them is surely much less liable to putrefaction from the absence of the sun's rays. It should be remembered that streets are only intended as pass-ways from one place to another and are only used as places of rendezvous for business or pleasure, where there are no porticoes or public squares. Public gardens or squares should never be dispensed with in any town, for when laid out with taste they not only embellish the appearance of the town itself, but also, by inviting to exercise companies of both sexes, unquestionably contribute greatly to the health and sociability of the inhabitants."
"Here suffer me to express my astonishment (observed the stranger) at the apathy which pervades the citizens of Richmond in their neglect of the Capitol square. Although there are several wealthy gentlemen residing on the confines of this square, whose dwellings would be highly ornamented by its improvement; although the citizens below the hill have not a spot to which they can send their children to take the air; although there is no such place as a Promenade, to which persons of both sexes can resort for society and for exercise; although the town would be so much embellished by surrounding the Capitol with trees—not one effort is made towards effecting this desirable object. It is difficult to calculate the advantages to society by such a place of resort. You must permit me to say that you do not occupy at present the most elevated rank in the scale of refined society. The sexes are severed. The men frequent the Capitol, the Post Office, the Taverns, and the Barbacues. The women remain at home, or visit each other in neighbourhoods, as if your town were laid out in little cantons. A public garden would often bring together and make acquainted persons of both sexes, who now scarcely exchange a word with each other. The pleasures of social intercourse might thus be daily enjoyed without the trouble or parade of formal visits."
"If, however, (continued the communicative Englishman) the prejudices of your country so far prevail as to reject the plan of narrow streets, I would recommend a second mode, which although not in my opinion so well adapted to a warm climate, has many advantages over your present mode, and would certainly be infinitely more beautiful. I mean that of Piazzas, or Colonades. In all your towns which have come under my observation the side-ways or foot-pavements are about fifteen feet wide, by which the streets are rendered thirty feet wider than they would otherwise be. If then, the houses were projected these fifteen feet on each side over the street and supported by arches as in the Piazza of our Covent-Garden, or on columns as in the Rue des Colonnes at Paris, you would of course have your streets thirty feet narrower and the same space within the Piazza which you now have for side-walks. This plan has the double advantage of increasing the shade of the streets by approximating the houses, and of protecting the persons engaged in business from the oppression of the mid-day summer's sun, and the inclemency of the winter's storm."
MISCELLANEOUS.
FROM THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN.
Messrs. Peckin & Frailey, By giving place to the following information in your paper you will communicate to the community, a valuable and interesting fact, which shows that much more advantage is likely to arise from the discovery of the Cow Pock Inoculation, than the illustrious Dr. Jenner and his associates ever suspected. Yours, LECTOR.
Dr. De Carro, of Vienna has addressed a letter to Dr. Jenner containing the following extraordinary circumstances, tending to prove that the Vaccinola Inoculation is a preventative of the plague: "Your discovery has produced some consequences which you surely were very far from foreseeing, when you made it known to the world. I believe that I once mentioned to you, that a French physician, Monsieur Lafont, thought he had observed, that vaccinated people were not attacked by the plague. He described to me the facts which raised the suspicion; they were few, and not very conclusive; but he spoke of his new observation with modesty and prudence, and thought only that the subject deserved his farther attention. Another physician at Constantinople, Monsieur Auban, who never had any communication with M. Lafont, who is of Salonica wrote to me about a year ago, that he also had some suspicion of the Cow Pox being a preservative against the plague—did not mention facts, but said that several people had observed the same, and many vaccinated themselves as a security against the plague. Gueff what was my astonishment when a few days ago, I received, through the French ambassador at Vienna, a packet of Dr. Auban, who begins his letter with these words. "What I had the honor of mentioning to you long ago concerning the Cow Pox being a security against the plague, as a probability, I can now, after many experiments speak of almost as a certainty. He describes the facts summarily in his letters, and adds two process verbaux, signed by him and several witnesses, desiring citizen Champigny and myself to give them every possible publicity. The proofs are: 1A. Of 6000 vaccinated at Constantinople, not one has taken the plague. 2d. That infants previously vaccinated have sucked without injury, the milk of nurses infected with the plague. 3d. That an Italian physician, Dr. Valli, who went to Constantinople to study the plague, was so persuaded of the truth of the new discovery, that upon the sole security of having been vaccinated, he shut himself in a Lazaretto, and had with people attached with carbuncles and buboes, various modes of contact, without any effect. 4th. That the same Dr. Valli inserted into his own hand, a mixture of variolous and pestilential virus, and having felt no effect from that trial, he meant the following week to insert pestilential virus alone. 5th. That Dr. Auban, having been informed that in some villages near Constantinople, the cows were subject to some eruptions on their udders; he, with several other gentlemen of the French embassy, went to these villages, and found the cow pox then existing. The report of the inhabitants was, that they had never seen the plague or the small pox among them, though both these diseases made dreadful ravages in their vicinity. "Such my dear Sir," continues Dr. De Carro, "are the extraordinary facts which have been communicated to me. I have now and then corresponded with M. Lafont & Auban; their correspondence announces much medical information. The second, acquainting the world with such an important medical discovery, runs certainly a great risk if he discovers it by false and hasty observation."
An intelligent gentleman of Piattekill, has communicated the following method to preserve Wheat from the ravages of the Hessian Fly or what is often termed the Insect. The little expense and trouble which is required to make the experiment, we hope will induce our farmers to give it a fair trial. "I take the salt and pickle," says our informant, "which can be spared from my meat tubs, and adding water sufficient to soak my feed Wheat, put in salt as long as the water will dissolve it. In this I soak the feed 8 hours,—then turn off the water and add as much ground plaster as will adhere to the kernels of the grain. For clayey land substitute lime for plaster. The grain should be harrowed in before it is dry. When my feed is thus prepared continues our correspondent, I have never failed of a crop although the adjoining field which was sown in the common way has been so far destroyed as to induce me to plough it up for buck Wheat. Buttermilk and water have been tried in the room of brine but they do not produce any good effect. I do not know my feed thus prepared until after the equinoctial storm, from the 21st to the 28th September, and have found it answers well." [Plebian.]
MR. KICHERER.
The following short account of this missionary's labours in Africa, appears in a late British publication. After having laboured about four years among the Hottentots, Mr. K. found his health greatly impaired by incessant labours and hardships; and having occasion to visit his native country (Holland) on account of family concerns, determined to bring with him three of his sable converts:—they arrived a few months since in London.
On the 5th of December, 1798, Mr. Kicherer, together with Dr. Vanderkemp, Mr. Edmond, and Mr. Edwards, embarked for the Cape of Good Hope, where they arrived in March, 1799.—At the very time of their arrival, a deputation of three Boersmen came thither, earnestly desiring that some good men might be sent to instruct them.—The missionaries considered this as a clear call to visit the poor wild Hottentots. Messrs. Kicherer and Edwards were appointed to this work; and leaving Cape-town, May 22, 1800, they proceeded to Rodezand, where Mr. Voswas then minister. Here they met a hearty welcome, and were set apart to the work of the ministry.
On the 28th of June they left Rodezand, laden with presents of their friends. Their journey lay through very difficult passes of the mountains, so that it was necessary to add fourteen oxen to their own, in order to climb the steep ascents. Sometimes they travelled for many days without the sight of a human being, surrounded only by Beekbooms and ostriches. Here and there they found a cultivated spot; and were hospitably entertained by the farmers, who occasionally gave them sheep and other stores. At other times they slept in the open desert, exposed to the danger of lions and tigers, which greatly abound in that country.
About the end of July they passed the last inhabited house of Rockfield; and found the country almost without a blade of grass. The eggs of the ostriches, however, contributed to their comfortable support. After travelling seven days without meeting a human creature, they arrived at a place where a few Boersmen resided, three of whom came to them. Next day they were visited by about twenty more.—At length they reached the spot intended for their abode, which they called Happy Prospect Fountain; and immediately began to build a house and plant a garden.
Here they commenced their labours, among thirty or forty people, first teaching them to spell Dutch. The Lord was now pleased to send them a man and his wife, who, understanding the language both of the Hottentots and the Dutch, became very useful to them as their interpreter, &c. The people among whom he laboured, were chiefly Boersmen; the most savage and ferocious of that country. The doctrine of a Supreme being was entirely unknown to them: they did not know they had immortal souls; but were in most respects, "like the beasts that perish." Their habitations are generally among the rocks, where they dig a small round den, about three feet deep, which they sometimes cover with reeds. Here they spend most of their time in sleep, except when roused by hunger, when they fall forth in quest of some wild beast; but when unsuccessful in this attempt, they make shift to subsist on snakes, mice, or wild onions; and such is their Idleness, that rather than be at the pains of seeking food, they will live several days without it!
The people being in general afraid to come near an European, Mr. Kicherer was under the necessity of tempting them at first, by giving them a little tobacco: of which they are extravagantly fond.—He would then take the opportunity of showing, that the great difference between the Christians and themselves, in the superior comforts enjoyed by the former, was occasioned by their knowledge of God; of whose nature and perfections they would hear with great astonishment.
At first, Mr. Kicherer attempted to preach to them systematically;—but he found little effect from this. He then had recourse to the method which the Moravians found the most useful.—Simply preaching the love and death of Jesus Christ; and inviting them to come to him that they might have life. He would tell them, how happy he found his own heart when the love of God was shed abroad in it; and would advise them to go aside and pray that the Lord would teach them; and that he would cause them, by his spirit, to know whether he was his messenger or not.
For a considerable time he remained in a painful uncertainty, whether his labours were blessed to the real conversion of any of his hearers. Yet in this situation, he was enabled to leave the matter with God—desiring to be faithful whether successful or not. From that time, his labours were greatly blessed. He had the most undoubted evidence of the solid conversion of many souls.
One of the first of these was a man, called John, who was brought under deep convictions of sin; for he had been a most notorious offender. He lived about five or six months after; during which time his experience was wonderful. His heart was wholly taken up with the love of Christ; so that he could scarcely bear to speak of worldly things; and he died rejoicing in the Lord, saying to his teacher, "I die, depending on the blood and righteousness of Christ: I go to Heaven, and there I will wait for you." His son, who came from a distance to see his dying father, was also converted, obtained his liberty from his master, and is now usefully employed as a schoolmaster in the settlement.
Mr. Kicherer would sometimes take a walk in the fields, and find, scattered here and there, prostrate on the ground, several of his congregation; and some with a child in each hand, pouring out their souls to God in the most lively and copious strains. Thus was he encouraged to go forward amidst his arduous labours. Before he left Zak river to visit Europe, he had baptized about thirty-four adult persons, and fifty children. He had a fasted congregation, of about six hundred persons, in great measure civilized, and dwelling together. He has a building, pretty large, for a church. The unbaptized live behind his house in huts—a number of which, in a circular form, including their cattle, are called Kraals: while the baptized inhabit houses of the European form, placed in front of his dwelling. He had the unspeakable satisfaction of perceiving an universal change in the people, who are become literally, as well as spiritually, new creatures. Those who were so filthy, that a civilized person could scarcely approach them, are now clean; instead of being naked, or only covered with a dirty sheep's skin, they are now decently clothed; and those who knew not there was a God, are become devout worshippers of God, and fervent lovers of Jesus Christ; industrious and obliging, bringing up their offspring in the fear of the Lord. The concern of these dear people in parting from their father and pastor for a whole year, was indescribable; and they are now eagerly waiting for his return by the month of March.
PETERSBURGH, (Russia) June 8.
Extract of a Letter.
About the beginning of last winter, the public attention was much engaged by one of the most atrocious murders I ever heard of.—A whole family was found massacred in their sleep, in the suburbs of Petersburg; a man and his wife lay in bed with their heads nearly cut off—an under-officer lay stretched on the floor in the same state; near the door was a boy, about 12, who probably having attempted to escape, was beheaded, and cruelly mangled; in a cradle was found a child, nearly frozen to death; and upon a table in the room were seen a pack of cards, an empty brandy bottle, and a few pieces of copper.
It was about four days after the murder before this discovery was made, when his Imperial Majesty attended in person, and saw the horrid spectacle, frozen into one mass of ice: he threatened the police with severe consequences if the assassins were not apprehended in 48 hours; gave 100 roubles for the relief of the infant, and promised a thousand for the discovery of the offenders.
By the day following 147 persons were taken up, among whom was the villain who had been guilty of the crime. It appears he was a carpenter who had worked in the neighbourhood, and having heard that the people possessed a trifle of money, went one evening to beg a lodging, when after having regaled them with brandy, he took an opportunity, when they were all asleep, to treat them as he had related, robbed the house of about 100 roubles, fastened the windows, having fixed a padlock on the door, and walked off unnoticed. I was determined to see the countenance of a man who could be guilty of such deliberate villainy; and resolved, however uncomfortable I might feel myself, to see him punished. On the Saturday morning following, about ten o'clock, I was informed he was on his way to the place of execution. I overtook the procession about a mile on this side—first came the police master, then a posse of police officers, on horse-back, two and two; four ranks of foot soldiers, 12 deep; behind the last rank was the murderer; on each side of him marched a soldier, with a drawn sabre; on his right and left, 12 with fixed bayonets.
He was a tall handsome young man, about 26 years of age, about 6 feet high, dressed in a blue coat, like a blue-coat boy; he was accompanied by two others, who were to suffer for forgery, with the executioners carrying the knouts, tied up in canvass, and about six ranks of foot soldiers closed the rear.—I walked by his side nearly half a mile, and examined his physiognomy well. If Lavater had seen him, I think it would have staggered him a little; his countenance was open and honest, nor had he the least appearance of wearing so bad a heart. As I found myself overcome by the pressure of the crowd, and the heat of the skins in which I was wrapped up, and the melancholy preparations before me, I pushed through the rabble, and got into a tavern, where, after tossing off two glasses of brandy and a crust of bread, I made the best of my way to the place of execution: they had entered the ring, which was now surrounded by a very great throng, and I should certainly have returned as wise as I came, but for meeting a young officer, whose brother was present with his regiment.—"Do you think (says he) you can support such a fight?"—I told him I had resolved I would—so taking me by the arm, we passed through the crowd, one rank of horse, and two of foot, and stood very near the stake which was prepared for the murderer: the two others were by my side.
The stake was a strong block of wood fixed in the ground, with three grooves at the top, and two rings near the bottom; the middle groove was for the neck, and the two others for the armpits, the rings below to lock round the ankles. About the stakes were laid coarsely skins, especially where the knout-master trod, upon which lay his whips, marking irons, pincers, &c.—An officer then read a paper to the people, signifying that forgery upon the Imperial Bank, being a capital crime, and two of the prisoners being convicted of it, were condemned to receive eleven blows of the knout, to have their nostrils pulled out, and be banished for life to Siberia; the murderer of so many persons to receive 399 blows, to be branded three times in the face, have his nostrils pulled out, and (if then alive) to be banished for life to the mines of Siberia.
The executioner and his assistants, then stripped him, tied his hands across, and led him to the spot. After fixing his ankles, they bent his neck and arms over it, and drew the rope, with which his hands were tied, through a ring on the opposite side, which seemed to stretch all the muscles of the back; he then retired about four or five yards from him, and taking up one of the knouts, worked it with his hands, to give it a proper elasticity; the blows are then given as I have seen an awkward boy try to smack a whip; he walks to the part with four or five steady steps, then taking a spring strikes a perpendicular stroke with a heavy, loud crack. They first cut him from the right side of the bottom of the neck to the left armpit; the effect was visible in a moment, and by the violence of his screams, I suppose the pain was very great; the second was about half an inch below the first, and so on till 23, when changing the whip, he erased the former wounds, striking from the left side to the right, afterwards quite perpendicular; they were given with the greatest regularity between each, one might deliberately count eight, the executioner always walking to and from the stake.
His cries were now so terrible that I was forced to put my finger in my ears, and turn my back wishing to make my way out as exit as fast as possible, but it was not without the greatest difficulty I effected it, having seen him receive 125. I walked several times round the ring on the outside, and noticed the different spectators; all were quiet and silent, and the crack of the knout was heard to a great distance. After three hundred his voice grew faint, and during the last hundred he shewed no signs of life whatever; the whole of the upper part of the back being beaten to a black mummy; after the last blow the assistants lifted up the face by the hair, and the executioner struck him forcibly three times with an instrument that left the initial of murderer, throwing each time an handful of black dust into the wound; after which, at two pulls, he tore the gristle of his nose, and loosened him from the block. It lasted about three quarters of an hour.—Most people thought he had been dead some time; however, he made a feeble attempt to put on his coat, and as I have heard since, is sufficiently recovered to be able to make some reparation to society by working in the iron mines."
A patent has been obtained for a new kind of Wind Engine, capable of being applied to all the purposes of wind, stream, or water-mills; by means of flyers, it condenses the air of the atmosphere in a strong vessel, so as to make it from 10 to 20 times more dense than in its natural state: and this dense air from the magazine is conducted through a pipe to the top of a cylinder, where it acts upon a piston, by its elasticity, and keeps the machinery in motion proportionate to the capacity of the magazine, though the wind does not blow.
[London pap.]
FROM THE PORT FOLIO.
MR. MOORE'S SPECIMEN OF THE TENDER STYLE.
Goldsmith in his matchless novel, introduces the hapless Olivia, who to please an aged parent, and to mitigate her sense of injuries from the profligate Thornhill, lings "when lovely woman stoops to folly," &c. which the critics have pronounced one of the most perfect specimens of elegant simplicity in style, and pathos in sentiment, to be found in any language. We shall hazard nothing in asserting that Mr. Moore has composed an apostrophe to some inconstant or ungrateful beauty, which Goldsmith would rank as highly as his own ballad.
Have you not seen the timid tear, Steal trembling from mine eye? Have you not mark'd the flush of fear, Or caught the murmur'd sigh, And can you think my love is chill Nor fixed on you alone? And can you rend, by doubting still, A heart so much your own? To you my soul's affections move, Devoutly, warmly true; My life has been a talk of love, One long, long thought of you. If all your tender faith is o're, If still my truth you'll try, Alas! I know but one proof more, I'll bless your name and die.
FROM THE PORT FOLIO.
MR. MOORE'S SPECIMEN OF THE TERRIFIC.
The following poem, in the opinion of the British critics, is one of the finest specimens of that manner of writing which the romances of Radcliffe and the muse of Lewis rendered at one time so popular in England.
THE SHIELD. Oh! did you not hear a voice of death? And did you not mark the pale form Which rode on the silver mist of the heath, And sung a ghastly dirge in the storm? Was it a wailing bird of the gloom Which shrieks on the house of woe, all night? Or a shivering fiend, that fled to a tomb To howl and to feed till the glance of light? 'Tis not the death bird's cry from the wood, Nor shivering fiend that hung on the blud; 'Twas the shade of Helder's man of blood— It screams for the guilt of days, that are past. See! how the red, red lightning flays And scares the gilding ghosts of the heath; Now on the leafless yew it plays, Where hangs the shield of this son of death! That shield is blushing with murderous stains, Long has it hung from the cold yew's spray; It is blown by storms, and washed by rains, But neither can take blood away! Oft, by that yew, on the blasted field, Demons dance to the red moon's light, While the damp boughs creak and the swinging shield Sings to the raving spirit of night.
VIRGINIA.
AT A HIGH COURT OF CHANCERY, HOLDEN AT THE CAPITOL, IN THE CITY OF RICHMOND, 5th March, 1795.
BETWEEN
Mary Ruffin, executrix, and Herbert Claiborne, James Ruffin and William Ruffin, executors of Robert Ruffin, and James Ruffin, William Ruffin and Sterling Ruffin, prosecuting in their own behalf. Pliffs.
AND William Maelin, Isaac Hicks and Nancy his Wife, William Gee and John Gee, Defs.
THIS cause, which abated as to the plaintiff Mary Ruffin, by her death, came on the fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, to be heard on the bill, answers, exhibits and examinations of witnesses, and was argued by counsel: on consideration whereof, the court doth direct one of its Commissioners to state an account of the payments made, if any payments were made, towards discharging the debt, interest and charges intended to be secured by the indenture in the bill recited, and also to examine the bills of credit alleged to have been tendered by John Jones, on behalf of the defendant William Maelin, on the ninth day of December, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty one, in order to discover whether such bills of credit could be legally tendered at that time, and the Commissioner is empowered to examine the Plaintiffs in solemn manner, and require their acknowledgement or denial of such payments, and tender and to report the matters, as they shall appear to him, to the court, stating specially such as to him shall seem pertinent, or by the parties shall be desired to be so stated; and the bill is dismissed, as to the defendant John Gee, who bath by his answer disclaimed any title to the land conveyed by the indenture aforesaid. A Copy, True, PETER TINSLEY, C. C.
COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE,
RICHMOND, May 23d, 1804.
The parties concerned are desired to take notice, that I have appointed Friday the twenty-third day of November next, for carrying into effect the within Decree, upon which day their attendance is required at my office, with their papers and accounts ready for examination. (cS—8au) WM. HAY, M. C.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States.—And those whose lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs.
As most of the abovenmentioned lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next.
The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D.
July 7. ep—tf.
RUN AWAY from the subscriber in July last, a negro man, by the name of KITTY, who formerly lived in Manchester and was the property of Robert Smyth. He is of a black complexion, about forty years of age, a low squat negro, of pretty good bulk, and a little bald place on his head. It is presumed that he will make for Richmond or Manchester. A liberal reward will be paid to any person that will secure him in a Gaol, so that I get him again. All masters of vessels, are hereby forewarned, employing the said Negro, harbouring, or carrying him out of the State. WILLIAM CABLER. Pitsylvania, S. H. 12. [31.]