Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1807-05-30 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS
[XVth YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1067.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum—paid in Advance.]
SATURDAY, MAY 30, 1807.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
We have lately received, FOR SALE,
 12 bds. sugar  30 bds. do.  3000 lbs. green coffee  10 bds. Antigua rum  5 do. Windward Island do.  14 bds. N. E. rum  14 bds. do. do.  13 bds. molasses  8 casks Malaga wine  20 tiers & bds. whisky  4 pipes apple brandy  15 bds. do. do.  12 crates Liverpool ware assorted  10 do. stone do. 
We have also on hand,
 Iron  German, Crawley and Blistered Steel  Race & ground ginger  Pepper  Alspice  FF & F powder  Shot, assorted sizes  French brandy  Rice  Cheese  Wrought and cut nails, assorted sizes  Snuff  Class ware, viz. 1-2 pt. tumblers and decanters, assorted sizes  Hats 
We daily expect to receive, a quantity of Sherry Wine, Window Glass, Coperss and Allum, all of which articles, we will sell at a small advance for cash, approved paper or country produce. Shapard & Lucke. Richmond, May 8, 1806
VIRGINIA, TO WIT:
CHARLOTTE COURT, 4th MARCH, 1807.
John Harvey, Plaintiff.
Against
Richard Adams and Charles M. Kinney, Defendants.
THE defendant Adams not having entered his appearance according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state: On the motion of the plaintiff by his attorney, It is ordered , that he appear here on the first day of June court next and answer the plaintiff's bill, and give security to the satisfaction of the court for performing the decree of the said court, that a copy of this order be inserted in one of the Virginia gazettes for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of the said county.
A copy—Teste, THOMAS READ, CLK.
MUFTI,
A BEAUTIFUL BAY, Fifteen hands two inches high, [imported by John Tayloe Esq. of Mount Airy] will stand the ensuing season, at Fighting Creek, Powhatan county, two miles from the courthouse, to cover mares at the moderate price of Twenty dollars the season, to be discharged by Fifteen Dollars if paid before the first day of October, or Ten Dollars sent with the mare, and Half a Dollar to the Groom. He was bred by Mr. Mann of Norwich, and was got by Fitzherd [one of the best bred sons of King Herod] his dam by Infant, [son of the Godolphin Arabian, grand dam by Whittington, out of a full sister of Black and All Black, and his performances are as follows, and are rarely to be equalled.
In 1786, when 3 years old, and the property of his R. H. the Prince of Wales, [who purchased him of Major Churchill] Mufti won a match race of one hundred guineas each at New Market, beating Mr. Windham's Prodigal, Rowley's mile. The following meeting he ran a dead heat with Sir C. Bunbury's Tityrus, 8, st each, Abington mile, for 200 guineas each—Young Tityrus won the plate for 3 years old, two days after, when 11 started.
In 1787, when the property of Richard Vernon, Esq. he received 100 guineas compromise from Lord Derby's Wren, 8 stone each ditch in 200 guineas, at 8 stone 7lbs. he beat the Duke of Queensbury's Young Giant, 7 stone 13lbs 2 miles, for 400 guineas, and received 37 guineas compromise from Mr. Fox's Braganza.
In 1788, Mufti won the Craven stakes at New Market, when 12 started, beating Scotia, Nimble, &c. Won a sweepstakes of 300 guineas each, across the Flat, beating Fidge, and receiving forfeit from Pharamond; he also received forfeit from Mr. Fox's Braganza, giving 3lbs. each in, for 200 guineas, half forfeit, and was afterwards purchased by his grace the Duke of Bedford.
In 1789, Mufti did not appear in public, being the Duke's rival horse.
In 1790, Mufti won all his engagements, viz; A match against Lord Bathurst's Highlander, for 100 guineas, a Handicap sweepstakes of 50 guineas each, 7 subscribers ditch in beating Mistletoe, 8-guineas &c and a match, beating Don Quixote across the Flat for 200 guineas each, all at New Market.
In 1791 he won the Craven stakes at New Market, when 15 started, among which were Creeper, Don Quixote, Harpaxox, &c. at 9 stone 11-2lbs. He beat the Prince of Wales's Glaucus, 7 stone 4lbs. across the Flat, for one hundred guineas each, at 8 stone 7lbs. each, he beat the Prince of Wales's Pagus, a match for 1000 guineas each, across the Flat.
In 1792, Mufti came in second for the Craven stakes, beating Asparagus, Corinder, and 7 others; and at 8 stone 7lbs. beat his Royal Highness the Duke of York's Serpent, 8 stone a match over the Beacon course, for 100 guineas each. This was the last year of his running; after which he became a stallion at Woburn, and 1796, the first of his get that started won a
sweepstakes of 100 guineas each, at New Market, when six started, and one paid forfeit. The same colt won several times in the following year.
Mufti is 15 hands 2 inches high, and both in and out of training, was esteemed one of the most beautiful horses in England.
As a stallion he has succeeded well, having always covered at a high price: The first of his get that started was in 1796.
The Duke of Bedford's b. c. by Mufti, out of Busy, won at New Market 550 guineas, beating Cimetier, Cameleon, and 4 others—Racing Calendar, page 121. This colt ran but once this year; in 1797, the same colt won 500, and one hundred guineas at New Market, and 500 at Bedford. He started this year only four times, and won three—Racing Calendar, pages 23, 24, 52, 97.—Mr. Windham's Chesnut gelding, by Mufti, won this year also 25 guineas, 100 guineas, and 50 guineas at New Market, and 50 guineas at Brighton: In 1798, the Duke of Bedford's Hunter Rebecca, by Mufti, won the Hunter's stakes at Bedford.
MUFTI is by shape, strength and temper, particularly likely to get capital racers, hunters, roadsters and carriage horses.
The pasture is equal to any in that part of the country, and will be furnished GRATIS. No responsibility for escapes or accidents, but every care will be taken to prevent either. Notes of hand will be expected with the mares.
WILLIAM BERKELEY. Feb. 1st 1807.
The season will commence on the first of March, and end the last of August—Any gentleman wishing his mares fed, can be furnished corn (as ordered) at the market price. W.B.
The Imported Horse, CITIZEN,
A most beautiful brown bay with black legs. He is fifteen hands one inch high, remarkable for his great beauty, elegance, strength and muscle, with excellent bone and sinew: Will stand the ensuing season at my stable in Chesterfield county, on Appomattox river, fourteen miles above Petersburg, ten from the courthouse, fifteen from Newville's bridge, and three from the Exeter mill on Appomattox; and will be let to mares at the moderate price of forty dollars, ten of which will be remitted if paid within the season, which will commence the 10th day of March, and expire the 10th of August. Very extensive and most excellent high and low ground pasture, well enclosed, gratis, but no responsibility for accidents or escapes; servants' board gratis: Mares may be fed with corn at the neighborhood price if required; but gentlemen wishing their mares fed must send the money with them, or else it cannot be done. One dollar to the groom for each mare. CITIZEN is a remarkable sure and excellent foal-getter, and with my care will scarce fail in a single instance: This is something worth the attention of breeders, as the loss of a season with a good mare is apt to be felt. He is an excellent blooded horse, and is nearer a lied to the Godolphin Arabian than any horse in being, and possesses more Arabian crosses. Refer to his PEDIGREE.
CITIZEN was got by Pacolet, (Pacolet by Bank, one of the best sons of the Godolphin) his dam Princess by Turk, [Turk by Regulus; another of the best sons of the Godolphin] his granddam Fairy Queen, by Young Cade, (he by Old Cade, and he by the Godolphin) his great granddam Routh's Black-eyes, by Crab, out of the Warlock Galloway, by Snake. Bald Galloway Curwen by Barb. Taken from the General Stud Book.
From the above pedigree it is seen that by his dam and sire, CITIZEN is related to the uncommon stallion the Godolphin Arabian in the third degree; which must be acknowledged is nearer than any horse in America, or even in the world; and agreeable to the description in the stud book given of the Godolphin, he is as much like him, being only one inch higher, and lacking only a few white hairs on one heel. Including the above immediate crosses from the Godolphin CITIZEN has twenty Arabian crosses, and nearly as many Barb crosses, as traced from the stud book; so it may be justly said, he is as near being an Arabian as a horse can be, who was not brought from that place, and of this his looks will fully convince the world when they see him. CITIZEN was a most excellent racer, having won nineteen races, fourteen of them four miles, and six of them were won at three heats, beating the best horses in England; his colts are now running in great credit in England proving themselves of equal bottom to any horses in that country, winning many four mile races, at three and four heats. He is sire of Nautilus, Pacolet, Citizen, Dapple, &c. &c. His colts in this country, are large, fine and promising, and no doubt will turn out well when proven. The first of his getting will be two years old this spring. CITIZEN was purchased by Mr. Barkdale formerly of Petersburg, and sent to Gen. at Carney of North Carolina, where he stood three seasons, and covered upwards of 100 mares each season, although he stood at the same stable. Mr. William Barkdale's letter, and other papers relative to him, speaks too highly of this horse to be omitted; however they cannot be inserted in a publication like the present, but will be shown with pleasure to all persons wishing to see them. THOMAS GOODR. oxwlf March 2, 1807.
To the Public.
THE Subscriber has removed to an house near the upper end of the Town on the Street leading from the Capitol square. He continues to practise law in all the Superior Courts held in the City of Richmond, and also in the District Court of Brunswick. His Clients may rely on his utmost assiduity and attention to the business entrusted to his care. WM. MUNFORD.
FOR SALE AT S. PLEASANTS' BOOK STORE! HENNING'S
New Virginia Justice,
Containing the Duties of a Justice of Peace, &c. together with a variety of useful precedents, adapted to the laws now in force. Also, forms of conveyancing, such as deeds of bargain and sale, lease and release, mortgage, trust, &c.
The Editor of the National Intelligencer having, from a regard to his health, determined to exchange his present profession for one less laborious, offers to dispose of his establishment, consisting of the National Intelligencer, printed three times a week, and the Universal Gazette, printed weekly.—This disposition will only be made to a person of sound republican principles. It is desirable that the terms should be arranged by personal communication with the Editor.
The Editors of Republican prints throughout the union will confer a favor by inserting this advertisement a few times in their papers.
Fifty Dollars Reward.
RAN away from the subscriber, living in Louisa county, Virginia, on the 16th instant, a negro man named BILLEY; he is about 6 feet high, black complexion, bushy head, his forehead broad and short, lean and bony, long arms, his legs rather straight and inclined to be knock-kneed, looks to be about 35 or 40 years of age, has worked several years as a distiller, makes coarse shoes—He took with him a pair of brown corded overalls, striped jacket and a blue broad cloth coat. It is expected he will endeavor to pass for a freeman, and has probably obtained a pass to that effect. It is probable he will travel westwardly to Kentucky, where he has connections, or perhaps, to the state of Ohio. Whoever apprehends him and so secures him that I get him again, if out of the state shall receive the above reward, if out of this county Twenty Dollars, and if in the county Ten Dollars reward; if he is delivered to me what the law allows besides the above rewards will be paid on delivery. All owners or commanders of vessels are hereby forewarned from taking the said negro man on board or carrying him off. Also all ferrymen from putting him across any river. ROBERT VANCEY. Louisa county, Yanceyville, } May 22d, 1807. 6w
H. I. COHEN.
(Second door below Mr. S. Pleasants' Book Store.)
Has just received a fresh assortment of
SPRING GOODS.
 —AMONG THEM ARE—  Pink strip'd Jacomettes  Sofia crape hdkfs.  muslins  Cotton cassimers  Cambric Jacomettes  Fashionable Waistcoating  Spider Nett  Cotton & thread Hosimons and Veils  Colonade and Lenox  Ladies white and cot-dimities & Calicoes  Lord Kid gloves  Pink & other colors  Extra shamy do.  Gingham  Madras and Bandan  Satin damask, and na hdkfs.  Serge silk Shawls  Irish Linens, &c. &c.  * A further supply is daily expected. Richmond, May 22d, 1807. tf
Attention!
THE members of the RICHMOND CAVALRY, are requested to meet at the Eagle Tavern, on Saturday evening next at 5 o'clock. By order of the Captain. BENJ. MOSBY, Serg't. May 26.
Notice.
THE Debtors to the late firm of GILLIAT & KIRBY are hereby informed, that THOMAS GILLIAT alone is empowered to receive payment of the debts due to that concern. All persons having demands against them are requested to apply to Thomas Gilliat, and those indebted to the firm are earnestly requested to come forward without delay, and discharge their respective debts.
For JOHN GILLIAT & SELF, THOMAS GILLIAT, JAMES KIRBY. Richmond, 25th May, 1807. 3m
FOR SALE,
 Opposite Colonel Mayo's new Buildings, 4th, 3rd and 2nd proof Antigua Rum in hds. of the crop 1805—Imported early 1806  New England Rum in hds. and barrels  1 pipe very Superior Holland's Gin  Rye Whiskey in barrels  Loaf and Brown Sugar in Ditto  Coffee by the barrel or bag  Beef and Pork in barrels  Irish Potatoes in ditto, suitable for table or planting  Potomac Shad and Herrings, (cut)  Stone Lime in large and small casks.  And a general assortment of GROCERIES, &c. &c.—which will be sold low for Cash, good paper, or exchanged for country produce, by JOE GREENE. Richmond, 27th May, 1807.
JOHN BOYD, UPHOLSTERER,
INFORMS the public, that he makes Mattresses, cleans Feather-Beds, takes the dirt and insects out of the feathers, and if 50 years old, makes them as good as new. He also stuffs Settees, Paper Rooms, White-Washes, &c. Any person wishing to employ him, will please apply at Mr. Samuel Bell's, Grocer, near the Bridge. May 23, 1807.
Jubilee Oration,
DELIVERED BY MR. BALDWIN, On the 13th inst. at James Town, Virginia.
VIRGINIANS, GLORIOUS is the occasion upon which we are assembled—glorious for the cause of liberty, and glorious for you, fellow-citizens. Can there be a spectacle more splendid in the sight of man, or more pleasing to our great and common parent, than a republic of freemen convened around the tombs of their forefathers, to celebrate the birth-day of their country; to commemorate the era of their national existence, and, with pious gratitude, to hail the lofty spirit of their dauntless ancestors? On this day, to tread the consecrated ground, on which our forefathers first fixed their habitations, must awaken in our minds the most enthusiastic ideas; it must add new fuel to the patriotic flame which glows in the breast of every Virginian. Here, a band of heroes, headed by the gallant SMITH, and guided by the protecting hand of the all-wise and omnipotent director of human events, after braving the terrors of an unknown and boisterous ocean, unappalled by the soul-chilling war-whoop of the savage native, and struggling against the complicated evils of famine and disease, first sowed the seeds of an empire, which has risen, within the short period of a few generations, to political importance, and attained a height of prosperity and glory, which has not only excited the wonder and admiration of the world, but still promises the richest harvest of human felicity. Immortal spirit of our forefathers! if ye are permitted to look down from the regions of celestial bliss, on the transactions of this sub lunary world, O! design to view with complacency the glowing ardor and deep sensibility, with which your grateful descendants celebrate this glorious day!—When the tinsel monuments, erected by vanity and pride, shall be no more, the memory of this day shall survive; it will live forever, because it will be forever engraved on the hearts of freemen. Fathers shall relate the soul inspiring history to their lisping infants; children shall catch the patriotic enthusiasm of their parents; and the pure flame, fanned by each succeeding generation, shall be handed down to the latest posterity.
Thou supreme disposer of the destinies of nations, God of Heaven and Earth! how mysterious are thy ways, how wonderful are thy works! Two hundred years only have fled, since an infant colony, in the very cradle of political existence, oppressed by misery and despair, exposed to all the lurking revenge of the exasperated natives, here, had almost fallen "oblivion's ready prey!" Who would have thought that from this dark horizon, the brightest star of the American constellation would arise with the most brilliant splendor? Who would have thought, that from so small, so unfriendly a germ, millions would arise, on this day, to cover this extensive continent, blessed with the enjoyment of Heaven's best gifts?
The mansions of our forefathers have crumbled into dust; we seek for them in vain; scarce a vestige is found. The first settlers have been swept from the face of the earth, succeeding generations have followed them, as the rolling waves of the mighty deep.—With what veneration, with what religious care, do we view the ruins of that ancient sepulchre, a monument of the piety of our progenitors!—A pleasing melancholy steals over my soul, and my mind is hurried back, by the tide of reflection, to the early periods of our history. How do the images of the gallant Smith and the amiable Pocahontas rise to our view;—Who does not venerate their virtues, and shed a tributary tear to their memories! Virginians, the arrival of our forefathers in this country, the consequent rise and progress of the American Empire, the causes which have so wonderfully accelerated that progress, together with those energies, which will long maintain the impulse first received, are certainly subjects most worthy of the attention of the Philosopher, the Statesman, or the Citizen; and, I trust, not inappropriate on this occasion. They will receive but little light, I am too well aware, from one, who now presumes to appear before you. But though I am not insensible to my own deficiency, I rely upon that candor and benignity, which generous minds are ever ready to extend to the youthful and unassuming Orator.
Europe, just emerging from a state of dark and gothic ignorance, had begun to acquire a spirit of enterprize, when the great and prescient genius of Columbus prompted him to encounter the dangers of the vast Atlantic, and seek for a new world in the Western Hemisphere. The same adventurous spirit which led to the discovery of America, instigated many Europeans to leave their native home, and in the dreary wilds of this great continent, endeavor to find that asylum, and that happiness of which they were destitute.
You well know. Fellow Citizens, the almost insurmountable difficulties attending the settlement of our country. You well know that the vital spark of Virginia was nearly extinguished at her birth; but like the youthful Hercules, she rose superior to the horrors which surrounded her. Good God, what a series of misfortunes does the history of this colony present to our view! Imagine to yourselves, Virginians, your forefathers embarking upon the stormy Atlantic, parting from their dearest relatives and friends, their country and their homes, and with sighs and tears, bidding a last adieu to the white cliffs of Albion. Tossed on the surface of the ocean, for a long time at the mercy of the winds and waves, the hearts of the colonists are ready to sink in despair. At length the turbulent commotion of the angry billows subsides; and wafted by friendly breezes, the little Aragonian fleet arrives in the peaceful Chesapeake. I see it ascending, you majestic river; I see its white pinions waving in the favoring gale; I see its slow and cautious approach; I see the feather-tinctured chiefs, with their weapons of war falling from their hands, in silent amazement, each shore, and viewing with terror and dismay a spectacle so novel, whilst our forefathers debark on the destined land of liberty.
Then they laid the foundation of a republic, whose glory shall be immortal. Yet how often were they overcome by the weight of their sufferings?—How often did they look back upon their abandoned country? How often cast their eyes to Heaven, imploring protection?—As often did SMITH, the noble SMITH, raise their drooping spirits, and cheer them with the hope of better days.—The name of SMITH shall be revered, as long as honor, bravery, and fortitude continue to be respected.
But the colony was destined to be bereaved of its father, its protector. The misfortunes of this great, intrepid man, and the preservation of his life by the amiable Pocahontas, will long claim the descriptive powers of genius. When surprised and surrounded by the Indians, he displayed the most heroic courage, and desperately repelled the attacks of his astonished foes, until he was obliged indignantly to yield. When condemned to death, by a council of his savage enemies, and led to the place of execution, he betrayed not the smallest emotion of fear. Already was his head placed upon the fatal block; already was the ponderous club of Powhatan raised to deal the deadly blow; when the tender Pocahontas, with streaming eyes and dishevelled hair, threw herself at the feet of her father, embraced his knees, and with agonizing sighs implored him to spare the life of the prisoner. Vain were her entreaties; the savage king was inexorable. In the distraction of grief, Pocahontas arrested the impending blow, and snatching the victims head from the block, there placed her own—Strike, she said, in the mute, but expressive language of nature—Strike, if you thirst for blood, but spare the stranger. Even the warrior bosom of Powhatan was melted by this affecting scene. Filial love triumphed over savage revenge. Smith was restored to new life. Such was the power of untamed nature over the female heart.
Amiable Pocahontas! thou possessest charms which would have graced the most civilized society. Thy form was fresher than the morning rose, When the dew wets its leaves, unstain'd and pure, As is the lily, on the mountain snow. The modest virtues mingled in thy eyes, Still on the ground dejected, darting all Their humid beaus into the blooming flowers; Or when the mournful tale to thee was told, Of other's woe, Thrilling in thy thought, they, like the dewy star Of evening, shone in tears."
Yes, her heart was compassionate and feeling; but when animated in the cause of humanity, she evinced a courage which feared not the hardest enterprize.
Here, in the midst of deserts, in the breast of an untutored Indian, we discover the brightest virtues that adorn human nature. Here too, did the free born soul of the uncultivated Powhatan nobly defend those primeval rights, which he held from nature's charter. Oft did he say, "I was born a king; & Heaven, which bade these lofty oaks lift their green shields against the fiery sun, to fence their subject plain, did mean, that I should, with as firm an arm, protect my people against these bold invaders!" Such was the language of nature; such the source of his vindictive rage; of that incessant warfare which reduced the colony to the verge of destruction.
Soon after the great Smith had been deprived of the command entrusted to him, torn by intestine dissensions, and borne down by a variety of evils, our ancestors determined to abandon the scene of their misfortunes. Every thing is prepared for their departure; they embark; the sails are unfurled; without one sigh, without one tear, they leave the unhappy strand. Virginia appears lost forever—that germ of liberty which was here planted seems utterly destroyed—the prospects of a great and flourishing nation springing up in the Western World, are now no more. But no; heaven born hope darts from beyond the cloud of despair; robed in the white ermine of celestial purity, and beaming the seraphic smiles of angelic benignity, she cries, Virginians, return to the genial soil of freedom—The time will come, when your country shall enjoy the fruits of your labors. Virginia shall rend asunder the trammels of oppression, and rising to political preeminence among the nations of the earth, present to an admiring world, the spectacle of a great and republican people, governed by equal laws and possessing equal rights. At this eventful moment the white canvas of Albion is seen floating in the gale; the fleet sent to the relief of the colonists appears in full view; mighty Powhatan resounds with the shouts of clamorous joy; these hills and dales re-echo

The gladdening sound, and our forefathers return to these once forsaken shores.
From this period, Virginia, like yon majestic river, alternately ebb'd and flow'd; sometimes reduced to misery's lowest mark, now rising and swelling in the full tide of prosperity. Now the exasperated Indians, rendered furious by the injuries they had suffered, and maddened with the desire of revenge, rush like tygers, with horrid yells, upon their unsuspecting foes. A terrible scene of death and carnage ensues; children are murdered in the arms of their mothers; wives in the embraces of their husbands; the habitations of the colonists are reduced to ashes, and their mangled bodies strewed over "the green fields of their country."
Besmeared with human gore, the savages call upon the spirits of their forefathers, to witness the sacrifice, and feast on the incense arising from the blood of their enemies. Now repelled by our valiant ancestors, again, and again they return, with redoubled fury to the attack; until overcome by superior numbers, and the omnipotent powers of a thundering artillery, they are compelled to seek a shelter in their deep forests.
Fellow Citizens, we might dwell with rapture on the progressive history of an infant colony thus stemming torrents of adversity, thus gradually advancing to maturity, and now resting upon a rock which no storms can shake the affections of her people. Yes, Virginia affords an illustrious example, of what can be effected by daring enterprize and constant perseverance, though wading through a sea of dangers, of terrors and misfortunes, before she attained her present height of prosperity. But that history we leave to abler hands; let us rather enquire, what were the mighty energies, under the blessings of Providence, which thus accelerated her progress in these high attainments?
First, Fellow-Citizens, although we must feel the warmest indignation against the tyrannical rule of Great Britain, yet we have great reason to congratulate ourselves that she was our mother country; that she was the "magna virum mater." At the time of the colonization of Virginia, scintillations of liberty, elicited by literature, began to blaze in Great Britain. They were transported to Virginia, and guarded like the vestal flame. Here, although surrounded by executive influence, they were cherished by an august and venerable association, until their ardent heat melted the chains of bondage, and threw off the scoria of tyranny. Then did the Genius of Liberty cast from those chains, a sublime Colossal Statue, sacred to equal rights, which shall bestride, sooner or later, this lower world.
In the next place, it has always been the policy of the European nations, to monopolize the trade of their colonies. Some have confined it to a single port, and others have conferred the exclusive commerce on a particular company. Great Britain, pursuing a more liberal mercantile plan, left her trade free to all her subjects. Monopolies, of every kind are highly injurious and unjust; but nothing can be more completely ruinous, nothing can check the increasing prosperity of a colony more, than confining its commerce to a company of merchants, or to any particular part of the mother country; whilst the monopoly of a nation is much less destructive. Although Virginia was limited to the market of Great Britain, in the exportation of certain enumerated articles, yet, she was allowed freely to export all her other surplus produce, to most parts of the world.
Thirdly, another great advantage arose from the internal regulations of our state, whilst an English colony. The introduction of a Legislature, chosen by the people, the inestimable institution of trial by jury, as well as the general mode of administering justice, were blessings which the establishments of other European nations in America did not enjoy. Our government, besides, was administered with sufficient economy, and few taxes were levied, until the eve of the revolution, except those which were necessary to defray the expenses of the civil establishment. The Spanish colonies, on the contrary, were, and are loaded with grievous and unnecessary imposts, to support the extravagance and pompous ostentation of insolent Satraps. They are oppressed by a numerous race of idle and fraudulent priests; who, under the mask of charitable intentions, rob a beggared and ignorant people of their property. Whilst the progress of the Spanish colonies was checked by obstacles, which the powerful hand of liberty only can remove, Virginia, on eagle wings was towering to the zenith of prosperity.
But still, the wealth and greatness of the American colonies was uniformly retarded, by the interference of the mother country. It is true, that the policy of Great Britain was more liberal, than that of other European nations; yet it was never dictated by any noble or generous motives, but merely with a view to her own interest, which she has always regarded, and not the interest of her colonies.
Various other causes, besides her origin, (Great Britain,) and those we have mentioned, have contributed to raise Virginia to her present elevated station. The first colonies, fortunately, employed all their capitals in agriculture, the surest means of promoting national prosperity. The liberal reward of labor and the cheapness of land, enabled laborers, in their turn, to become proprietors. Marriages were thus encouraged, to an extent before unknown, by the ease with which industrious people could not only live, but maintain their families in affluence. Children when arrived at maturity, amply repaid the expenses of maintenance and education; and were often the source of real wealth to their parents. Nothing accelerated the rapid progress of Virginia more, than the employment of her capital in agriculture. The policy pursued by Great Britain, of discouraging the manufactures, and monopolizing the trade of Virginia, has, in the event, proved of unbounded advantage to her: Because, where a nation has not sufficient capital for all the purposes of agriculture commerce and manufactures, the annual value of her produce will be increased, in proportion as a greater share is applied to the first; and her capital destined for
productive labor will increase in the same ratio. Let Spain boast of her Mexico and her Peru; it was not their gold, nor their silver which has enriched this rising empire. Her colonies can only boast of a splendid poverty. Before the next grand centenary festival shall return, these United States will embrace a population, not less than that which all Europe now possesses.
These Fellow Citizens, were among the principal causes of the prosperity of our country, prior to the revolution; these happy circumstances have elevated her from the vale of obscurity, and placed her on the proud eminence of permanent felicity.
Virginians, in the undisturbed enjoyment of all the blessings of life; in the tranquil security which you now eminently possess; do not forget, that all human felicity is frail; do not forget, that the time may come, when, perhaps, you may look back with mournful sorrow, at the peace and happiness which you have lost, whilst alas! dark and dismal prospects obscure the future. Watch then with a jealous eye your inestimable rights; guard, with Argus care, the Genius of Republicanism. Preserve inviolated the consecrated temple of freedom; let no sacrilegious feet cross the threshold of that hallowed fane. Remember, it was for self government, that your fathers fought and bled; remember, it was for her blessings, that so many American martyrs freely sacrificed their lives; remember, it is a trust consigned to you, by the valiant heroes of our glorious revolution. O! my countrymen, I conjure ye by the blood, which was shed in the holy cause of liberty; by the names of the inveterate enemies of tyrants; by the shade of the immortal Washington, defend to the last extremity the sacred deposit.
But whilst, with suspicious vigilance, you protect the temple, do not neglect the rich treasures which it contains. Do not neglect that great Palladium, the Liberty of the Press, formidable only to tyrants. While this is preserved, we shall be perfectly secure against all the attacks of unprincipled factions, or traitorous ambition; but when we shall be despoiled of this shield, adieu to freedom! adieu to happiness! farewell, a long farewell to the glory of Virginia!
Let your care be particularly directed to the education of youth; instill into the minds of "the future men of Virginia," a love for virtue, for science, and their country; relate to them brilliant achievements of their ancestors; and "when you find your little hearers hanging upon your lips," inspire them with a wish, to emulate the gallant heroes of the American revolution. Remember the observation of the sage Montesquieu. "It is not the young people that degenerate, they are not spoiled, till those of maturer age are already sunk into corruption." The dissemination of knowledge is the firmest bulwark against despotism—it refines, it ennobles the mind, it implants in man the lofty principle of independence. The uniform policy of tyrants has been to destroy the shooting germs of knowledge. Never has the bright star of liberty appeared, until the dark clouds of ignorance and superstition were dispersed.
But, Fellow-Citizens, whatever may be your anxious solicitude, whatever may be your exertions, to preserve your rights, your liberties, and your happiness; remember, that it is only by uninterrupted harmony with your American brethren, and peace with foreign nations, that you can continue in your present course of prosperity. Remember, that amidst the din of arms, and the horrors of bloodshed, agriculture, commerce, the arts and sciences can never flourish—America is yet in her infancy; many are the insults and wrongs, which she must patiently endure before she attains maturity. When that momentous epoch shall arrive, then let her remember the injuries, which she has suffered; then let her defy the malice of her enemies; then let her convince mankind that nothing can withstand a nation of patriots. But O! long may the peaceful olive wave over our councils; long may it be cherished by genial circumstances; long may its luxuriant branches shade our happy country.
Virginians, truth, omnipotent truth, shall at length prevail; the holy fire has been kindled in your country; it is rapidly spreading throughout the continent of America. The day is not far distant, when it shall cross the Atlantic, and diffuse itself over the face of the earth. The "Altars and the Gods" of despotism shall be consumed. From the flame shall arise the Genius of Independence, extending wider her soaring wings, she shall mount aloft, and proclaim to all the human race, "Mortals, too long have you been abused, too long have you groaned under the tyrant's sway; but tyranny is now crushed forever. Receive then my blessings, and live together, in the uninterrupted enjoyment of harmonious fraternity."
In a word, here Fellow-Citizens, on this soil, erect the altar of Republicanism; Be ye, people of Virginia, her Priests: Here instill the purity of her maxims; and when each succeeding Centenary shall arrive, may her votaries be found no less ardent than those whom I have had the honor to address.
RAN AWAY, BOB, a negro man belonging to the estate of John Gunn, dec. he has been going at large for some time about the city of Richmond. I will give a reward of FIVE DOLLARS upon delivery of said fellow to the subscriber. JOHN TURPIN. Richmond, May 28th, 1807.
New Publications. Just received and for sale at this office TOOK'S DIVERSIONS of PURLEY, THE WILD IRISH GIRL, A NATIONAL TALE, M'Culloch's Selected Music, in 16 numbers; just published. GEOGRAPHICAL COMPILATION, in 2 vols. Also just received and for sale as above, a very general collection of the most approved SONG BOOKS. May 16.
Virginia Argus. RICHMOND: SATURDAY, MAY 30, 1807. TRIAL OF Col. Aaron Burr. WEDNESDAY, May 27.
AFTER the court had met and the grand jury were adjourned, Mr. Hay informed the court that the counsel for the United States, and for col. Burr, not having been able to agree upon any arrangement which would attain his object, namely, that of having col. Burr recognised in a sum sufficiently large to insure his appearance to answer the charge of high treason against the United States, he deemed it his duty to proceed with the examination of witnesses in order to his commitment for that offence. He regretted extremely that it became necessary, in his judgment, to pursue this course. He felt the full force of the objections arising from a disclosure of the evidence before the case should be laid before a jury, and from the necessity of the court's declaring an opinion upon the subject in that stage of the prosecution. But those considerations must yield to a sense of what his engagements for the United States imperiously demanded of him. He therefore proposed to proceed with the evidence.
From the commencement of the term to the present moment, col. Burr with his counsel had occupied the front bar in common with other gentlemen of the profession. Mr. Wickham suggested to the court the inconvenience to which they were subjected from the immense pressure of the spectators, and concluded by requesting that the front bar and the one next to it should be cleared.
Col. Burr reiterated the observations made by Mr. Wickham, and further remarked, that in their present position he could neither confer with his counsel without being heard, nor make a note, which was not liable to be inspected by some of the by-standers.
The chief justice expressed the wish of the court to accommodate all the spectators as far as might be practicable without interrupting their proceedings. But observed that, if it could not be done without subjecting the parties before the court to inconvenience, it was expected of the marshal that he would do his duty, and remove those persons from the bar who were in the way. Upon this suggestion, the front and second bars were immediately cleared, and without any opposition from those who were seated in them, but not entirely to the satisfaction of all. A new arrangement was then proposed, that a table opposite to that occupied by the counsel for the U. States within the bar should be provided for col. Burr and his counsel; which being done, Mr. Hay observed that the arrangement was so inconvenient to him, that with the permission of the court, he would take the place at the bar lately occupied by colonel Burr and his counsel, as he had no objection to his notes being inspected. Mr. Hay, with the assistant counsel for the United States immediately took their seats in the front bar, and the vacant seats in that as well as the whole of the second bar were immediately filled by others. From that period, col. Burr and his counsel have daily been seated within the bar, and the counsel for the U. States have occupied seats in common with the rest of the profession.
Before any evidence was offered on the part of the U. S. the chief justice as well as the counsel for col. Burr strongly enforced the impropriety of publishing any part of the testimony which should be exhibited in that stage of the business. Even without these remarks we should have deemed it our duty to have been silent as to the facts disclosed by the evidence.
The first piece of testimony offered was the affidavit of gen. Wilkinson. On its introduction a long and desultory argument took place. Its admission was opposed by the counsel for col. Burr, chiefly on the ground that it had no application to any act of treason committed within the jurisdiction of the court, and that before any evidence could be adduced showing an intention to commit treason, an overt act must be proved. The court seeming inclined to this opinion, two witnesses, (Peter Taylor and Jacob Albright) were introduced to prove an assemblage of armed men on Blennerhassett's island.
After these witnesses had been examined, the affidavit of Jacob Dunbaugh was offered, which was "taken on the fifteenth of April 1807, before B. Cenas, a Justice of the peace," to which was subjoined a certificate of Gov. Wm. C. C. Claiborne, dated "at New-Orleans, the sixteenth of April 1807," stating that "B. Cenas was a justice of the peace for the county of New Orleans."
To the reading of this affidavit several objections were taken by the counsel for col. Burr; but those most relied on were the following: 1st, that an affidavit could under no circumstances be read, unless it were shown that the witness could not be produced; and that the government had had sufficient time to procure the attendance of Jacob Dunbaugh; 2dly, that though the governor of New-Orleans had certified that "B. Cenas was a justice of the peace, yet he had not said that it was the same B. Cenas before whom that affidavit was taken; 3dly, that B. Cenas had not stated in the caption of his certificate, or elsewhere, that the affidavit was taken "at New-Orleans," so as to show that he was acting within his jurisdiction.
The argument on these points was continued to the adjournment of the court, who took time to consider the subject till the next day.
THURSDAY, May 28. Luther Martin, esq. appeared as the counsel of col. Burr. On the motion made yesterday to exclude the affidavit of Jacob Dunbaugh, the chief justice delivered the opinion of the court as follows: On the part of the United States, a paper purporting to be an affidavit has been
offered in evidence, to the reading of which two exceptions are taken:
1st. That an affidavit ought not to be admitted, where the personal attendance of the witness could have been obtained:
2dly. That this paper is not so authenticated, as to entitle itself to be considered as an affidavit.
That a magistrate may commit upon affidavits, has been decided in the Supreme Court of the United States, though not without hesitation. The presence of the witness to be examined by the committing justice confronted with the accused, is certainly to be desired; and ought to be obtained, unless considerable inconvenience and difficulty exists in procuring his attendance. An ex-parte affidavit shaped, perhaps, by the person pressing the prosecution, will always be viewed with some suspicion and acted upon with some caution, but the court thought it would be going too far to reject it altogether. If it was obvious that the attendance of the witness was easily attainable, but that he was intentionally kept out of the way, the question might be otherwise decided.
But the particular case before the court does not appear to that description. The witness resides at a great distance; and there is no evidence that the materiality of his testimony was known to the prosecutors or to the Executive in time to have directed his attendance. It is true that general instructions, which would apply to any individual, might have been sent, and the attendance of this or any other material witness obtained under those instructions; but it would be requiring too much to say, that the omission to do this ought to exclude an affidavit. This exception, therefore, will not prevail.
The 2d is, that the paper is not so authenticated, as to be introduced as testimony on a question, which concerns the liberty of a citizen.
This objection is founded on two omissions in the certificate. The first is, that the place at which the affidavit was taken does not appear; The second, that the certificate of the governor does not state the person who administered the oath to be a magistrate, but goes no further than to say, that a person of that name was a magistrate.
That, for aught appearing to the court, this oath may or may not in point of fact have been legally administered, must be conceded.
The place, where the oath was administered, not having been stated; it may have been administered where the magistrate had no jurisdiction, and yet the certificate be perfectly true. Of consequence there is no evidence before the court, that the magistrate had power to administer the oath and was acting in his judicial capacity.
The effect of testimony may often be doubtful; and courts must exercise their best judgment in the case, but of the verity of the paper, there ought never to be a doubt. No paper writing ought to gain admittance into a court of justice as testimony, unless it possesses those solemnities which the law requires. Its authentication must not rest upon probability, but must be as complete as the nature of the case admits of. This is believed to be a clear, legal principle. In conformity with it, is, as the court conceives, the practice of England and of this country, as is attested by the books of forms; and no case is recollected, in which a contrary principle has been recognised. This principle is in some degree illustrated by the doctrine with respect to all courts of a limited jurisdiction. Their proceedings are erroneous, if their jurisdiction be not conclusively shown. They derive no validity from the strongest probability that they had jurisdiction in the case; none certainly from the presumption that being a court, a usurpation of jurisdiction will not be presumed. The reasoning applies in full force to the acts of a magistrate whose jurisdiction is local. Thus in the case of a warrant, it is expressly declared, that the place where it was made ought to appear.
The attempt to remedy this defect by comparing the date of the certificate given by the magistrate, with that given by the governor cannot succeed. The answer given at bar to this argument is conclusive. The certificate wants those circumstances which would make it testimony, and without them no part of it can be regarded.
The second objection is equally fatal. The Governor has certified that a man of the same name with the person who has administered the oath is a magistrate, but not that the person who has administered it, is a magistrate.
It is too obvious to be controverted, that there may be two or more persons of the same name, and, consequently, to produce that certainty which the case readily admits of, the certificate of the Governor ought to have applied to the individual who administered the oath. The propriety of this certainty and precision in a certificate, which is to authenticate any affidavit to be introduced into a court of justice, is so generally admitted, that I do not recollect a single instance in which the principle has been departed from.
It has been said that it ought to appear, that there are two persons of the same name, or the court will not presume such to be the fact. The court presumes nothing. It may or may not be the fact, and the court cannot presume that it is not. The argument proceeds upon the idea that an instrument is to be disproved by him who objects to it, not that it is to be proved by him who offers it. Nothing can be more repugnant to the established usage of courts.
How is it to be proved that there are two persons of the name of Cenas in the territory of Orleans? If with a knowledge of several weeks, perhaps months, that this prosecution was to be carried on, the executive ought not to be required to produce this witness, ought the prisoner to be required, with the notice of a few hours to prove that two persons of the same name reside in New-Orleans?
It has been repeatedly urged that a difference exists between the strictness of laws which would be applicable to a trial in chief and that which is applicable to a motion to commit for trial.
Of the reality of this distinction, the present controversy affords conclusive proof. At a trial in chief, the accused possesses the valuable privilege of being confronted with his accuser. But there must be some limit to this relaxation, and it appears not to have extended so far as to the admission of a paper, not purporting to be an affidavit and not shown to be one.
When it is asked whether every man does not believe that this affidavit was really taken before a magistrate, it is at once answered that this cannot affect the case. Should a man of probity declare a certain fact within his own knowledge, he would be credited by all who knew him, but his declaration could not be received as testimony by the judge who firmly believed him. So a man might be believed to be guilty of a crime, but a jury could not convict him, unless the testimony proved him to be guilty of it. This judicial disbelief of a probable circumstance does not establish a wide interval between common law and common sense. It is believed in this respect to show their intimate union.
The argument goes to this, that the paper shall be received and acted upon as an affidavit, not because the oath appears to have been administered according to law, but because it is probable that it was so administered.
This point seems to have been decided by the constitution:
"The right of the people," says that instrument, "to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized."
The cause of seizure is not to be supported by a probable oath, or an oath that was probably taken, but by oath absolutely taken. This oath must be a legal oath; and if it must be a legal oath, it must legally appear to the court to be so. This provision is not made for a final trial; it is made for the very case now under consideration. In the cool and temperate moments of reflection, undisturbed by that whirlwind of passion with which in those party conflicts which most generally produce acts or accusations of treason, the human judgment is sometimes overthrown, the people of America, have believed the power even of commitment to be capable of too much oppression in its execution, to be placed without restriction, even in the hands of the national legislature. Shall a Judge disregard these barriers which the nation has deemed it proper to erect?
The interest, which the people have in this prosecution, has been stated; but it is firmly believed, that the best and true interest of the people is to be found in a rigid adherence to those rules, which preserve the fairness of criminal prosecutions in every stage.
If this was a case to be decided by principle alone, the court would certainly not receive this paper. But if the point is settled by decision, they must be conformed to.
It has been said to be settled in the Supreme Court of the United States by admitting the affidavit of Wilkinson, to which an exception was taken, because it did not appear that the magistrate had taken the oaths prescribed by law. It was said, that as by law he could not act, until he had taken the oaths and he was found acting, it must be presumed that this prerequisite was complied with; that is, that his acting as a magistrate under his commission was evidence that he was authorised so to act.
It will not be denied that there is much strength in the argument; but the cases do not appear to be precisely parallel.
The certificate that he is a magistrate and that full faith is due to his acts, implies, that he has qualified if his qualification is necessary to his being a complete magistrate, whose acts are entitled to full faith and credit.
It is not usual for a particular certificate that a magistrate has qualified to accompany his official acts.
There is no record of his qualification and no particular testimonial of it could be obtained.
These observations do not apply to the objections which exist.
But it is said that the certificate is the same with that in Wilkinson's affidavit.
If this objection had been taken and overruled, it would have ended the question. But it was not taken, so far as is now recollected, and does not appear to have been noticed by the court. It is not recollected by the judge who sat on that occasion to have been noticed. A defect, if it be one, which was not observed, cannot be cured by being passed over in silence.
The case in Washington was a civil case and turned upon the point; that no form of the commission was prescribed, and consequently that it was not necessary to appear on the face of it, that it was directed to magistrates.
That it was the duty of the clerk to direct it to magistrates, and he should not be presumed to have neglected his duty, in a case in which his performance of it need not appear on the face of the instrument.
That the person intending to take this exception, ought to have taken it sooner and not surprise the opposite party when it was too late to correct it.
But the great difference is, that the privy examination was a mere ministerial act—the administering an oath is a judicial act.
The court is of opinion that the paper purporting to be an affidavit made by Dunbaugh, cannot be read, because it does not appear to be an oath.
Mr. Hay observed that as the examination of col. Burr for treason had already taken up much time without being able to make any progress in the business, and from the disposition manifested by his counsel it might last not only ten days, but even ten years longer, he considered it his duty

from information which he had received that morning, to suggest to the court the propriety of binding Col. Burr in a further recognizance from day to day, till the examination could be ended. He stated on the authority of a letter just come to hand from the secretary at war, that Gen. Wilkinson with several other witnesses might be expected here between the 28th and 30th of this month. This circumstance, said he, renders it essential that he should be considered in custody until he gives security that his person shall be forthcoming to answer the charge of treason against the U.S.—The gentlemen who appear as counsel for Col. Burr may be and no doubt are sincere in the opinion they have expressed that he will not shrink from the charges exhibited against him and will not in any conjecture of circumstances which may occur fly from a trial; but those gentlemen must pardon me for saying that I entertain a very different opinion. I must believe that his regard for the safety of his own life would, if he perceived it in danger, prevail over his regard for the interest of his securities. I give notice therefore that I consider him as being already in custody to answer the motion I have made for his commitment, and that he cannot be permitted to go at large without giving security for his appearance from day to day. His situation now is the same as that when he was first apprehended and brought before a single judge for the purpose of examination. You know that at that time considered him as in custody, and I only contend, that the same course should be pursued at this time.
Mr. Wickham. The gentleman thinks he has obtained the effect of his motion merely by having made it. I cannot perceive the propriety of a motion to compel Col. Burr to give bail in any sum before the probable cause to believe him guilty of treason has been shown. When he was brought before your honor for examination, you concurred the sum of $5,000 sufficient security for his daily appearance. But a recognizance has already been given in double that sum, binding him not to depart without the leave of this court. Yet now although no probable cause of treason has been exhibited, Mr. Hay requires the court to demand of Col. Burr additional security! I trust that such a motion will not prevail.
Mr. Martin. It has been already decided by the supreme court of the U.S. that not a single expression in Wilkinson's affidavit amount to any proof of the charge of treason. The motion of the gentleman amounts to this; we have no evidence of treason, and are not ready to go to trial for the purpose of proving it. We therefore move the court to increase the bail.
Mr. Randolph. The first motion of the counsel for the U.S. was to commit Col. Burr on the ground of probable cause only. This goes a step farther; and wishes the same thing to be done on the ground of a probable cause of probable cause. But we trust that we shall not be deprived of our liberty, or held to bail on a mere uncertain expectation of evidence.
Mr. Bates. The gentlemen seem to consider the recognizance already taken as sufficient for all circumstances, and that Col. Burr will comply with it at any rate. But we have not the same expectation that he will appear in case he discovers that sufficient evidence for his conviction has been obtained. When they speak of the sum in which he was bound on a former occasion, they do not recollect the circumstances which induced the judge to take bail in so small a sum. It was expressly mentioned by your honor that his having been brought to a place at a distance from the circle of his friends, and the nature of the offence, (a misdemeanor only,) induced you to hold him to bail in that sum; and the charge of treason was altogether excluded from view in taking the recognizance.
Mr. Wirt. Mr. Wickham in saying that my friend Mr. Hay thought he had obtained the object of his motion merely by having made it, clearly misconceived the object of the motion now before the court. The motion we made yesterday was to commit Col. Burr on a charge of treason; our motion to day is to hold him in custody to abide the opinion which the court may pronounce upon the question of commitment. The gentlemen say that we have secured the object we have in view by the recognizance already taken. The court expressly excluded the charge of treason from that recognizance, which applies only to the misdemeanor. Let us suppose that the motion to commit Col. Burr was made out of court before a single magistrate. If the examination of witnesses in support of the motion occupied more than one day, would the magistrate let him go at large, while it was depending? Would he not rather, either have him retained in custody, or take security for his appearance, & renew it every evening until the motion should be determined? This is all that we now ask of the court to do. The recognizance which has been given applies to the misdemeanor only. If therefore it should be forfeited by his going away, we should have had no security for his answering a charge of treason; a much more enormous offence, and attended with a very different punishment. We contend therefore, that additional security ought to be taken.
Mr. Bates. I shall endeavor to place this subject in some measure in a new light. It has been said that the former examination of Col. Burr did not preclude this motion. If so, every new edition of the volume of evidence would justify a renewal of the motion to demand additional bail. Thus motions might be heaped upon motions, and bail upon bail, until the perpetual imprisonment of the accused might be the consequence.
It was a practice in former times to draw a person accused of being a witch, in order to try her. I think that practice is renewed on the present occasion in another shape—A motion is made to commit Col. Burr for treason. Before the evidence can be gone through by which alone it can be ascertained that he ought
to be committed, the court are requested to predetermine the effect of the evidence, and commit, before they have decided whether they ought to commit. Besides no warrant has been issued against Col. Burr on the present occasion. He has not been arrested for treason; and therefore cannot be considered as in custody for that offence.
Mr. Hay then made some farther observations on the importance of the charge of treason, (which is of the highest nature, involving the reputation and life of the prisoner,) and the great necessity therefore of the most ample security to compel his appearance to answer it. He stated that this examination might last many days; that after the court had made up an opinion that Colonel Burr ought to be committed, he might march off and leave the court to pronounce it; so that an order to commit might be made by the court, and no person found on whom it could be executed. Such an event, he said, would excite the laughter and scorn of all the people of the United States. He mentioned that an immense expense had been incurred by the government in collecting witnesses, and preparing for this trial; that therefore he did not wish the whole of that expense to be thrown away. General Wilkinson is expected to arrive between the 28th and 30th of this month. If he arrives, both the bills of indictment will be immediately sent to the grand jury. This is the first instance in which the ministers of the law have been requested to say to the accused, "you may do as you please, and go at large until we pronounce sentence." The gentlemen contend for new principles in favor of Col. Burr; but I trust, that greater privileges will not be granted to him than to the humblest deluded victim of his ambition.
The circumstance that he has already entered into a recognizance to answer for a misdemeanor, is no argument to exempt him from entering into another on a charge of treason. Shall the accused clear himself of a responsibility for one crime by his having committed or being charged with another? This would indeed be to violate that maxim of law, that no man shall be benefited by his own wrong. Mr. Bates has contended that there is a difference between the case on the examination and that now before the court; that in the first instance a warrant had been issued; but none in the present. But a warrant is certainly unnecessary, now that the prisoner is before the court. The object of a warrant is to bring him before you. When this has been done it is functus officio . Here is Col. Burr, before the court. It is therefore immaterial how he came before it; but he ought to be considered in custody, until discharged by the due course of law.
The Chief Justice delivered the opinion of the court, the substance of which was as follows. It is certainly necessary that a person accused should be retained in custody, or required to give security for his appearance, while his examination is depending. The amount of the security to be required, must depend, however, upon the weight of the testimony against him. On a former occasion, Col. Burr was held to bail for his daily appearance in the sum of five thousand dollars only, because there was no evidence before the judge to prove the probability of his having been guilty of treason. When the examination was completed, the sum of ten thousand dollars was considered sufficient to bind him to answer the charge of a misdemeanor only, because the constitution requires that excessive bail shall not be taken; but that recognizance had no application to the charge of treason. Yet, whether additional security ought to be required in the present stage of this business, before any evidence has appeared to make the charge of treason probable, is a question of some difficulty. It would seem that evidence sufficient to furnish probable cause must first be examined before the accused can be deprived of his liberty, or any security can be required of him. Yet before this could be done, he might escape and defeat the very end of the examination. In common cases, where a person charged with a crime is arrested and brought before a magistrate, the arrest itself is preceded by an affidavit , which furnishes grounds of probable cause. The prisoner therefore is continued in custody or bailed until the examination is finished. But here there has been no arrest for treason, and Col. Burr is not in custody for that offence. The evidence then must be heard to determine whether he ought to be taken into custody. But as the present public and solemn examination is very different from that before a single magistrate; as very improper effects on the public mind may be produced by it, I wish that the court could be relieved from the embarrassing situation in which it is placed, and exempt from the necessity of giving any opinion upon the case, previously to its being acted upon by the Grand Jury. It is the wish of the court that the personal appearance of Col. Burr could be secured, without the necessity of proceeding in this enquiry.
Col. Burr rose, and observed that he denied the right of the court to hold him to bail in this stage of the proceedings; that the constitution of the United States was against it; declaring that no person shall be arrested without probable cause made out by oath or affirmation; but if the court were embarrassed he would relieve them by consenting to give bail; provided it should be understood that no opinion on the question even of probable
cause was pronounced by the court, by the circumstance of his giving bail.
The Chief Justice said that such was the meaning of the court.
Mr. Martin said, for his part, he should prefer that all the evidence should be fully gone into. Instead of fearing that public prejudice would thereby be excited against Col. Burr, he believed it would remove all the prejudices of that sort which now prevailed.
The Chief Justice. As a bill will probably be sent up to the Grand Jury, the court wishes to declare no opinion either way.
Some conversation then occurred relative to the quantum of bail; and Colonel Burr mentioned that he would propose that the sum should be ten thousand dollars, if he should be able to find security to that amount, of which he expressed himself to be doubtful. Mr. Hay contended that 50,000 dollars would not be too much; but the court finally accepted of the offer made by Col. Burr; who after a short interval entered into a recognizance with four securities, to wit, Messrs. Wm. Langburn, Thomas Taylor, John G. Gamble and Luther Martin; himself in the sum of ten thousand dollars, and each security in the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, conditioned that he would appear to answer the charge of treason, and not depart without leave of the court.
Mr. Martin when offered as security for Col. Burr, said that he had lands in the district of Virginia, the value of which was more than double the sum; and that he was happy to have this opportunity to give a public proof of his confidence in the honor of Col. Burr, and of his conviction that he was innocent.
All farther proceedings in the case were thereupon postponed until the next day.
FRIDAY, May 29. The Grand Jury were called over, and again adjourned until Saturday morning ten o'clock; but Gen. Wilkinson having not arrived, nothing else was done.
General William Eaton, the hero of Derna (says the Mercantile Advertiser) is chosen a Representative to the General Assembly of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, for the town of Brimfield.
We understand that the President has just received a letter from the bey of Tunis, couched in terms of friendship towards the U. States, and that information, by the same opportunity, was received at the department of state from Col. Lear, of his having effected an entire adjustment of our differences with the bey....Nat. Int.
By the arrival of the Vigilant at N. York, Cork papers to the 9th, and London dates to the 3d of April are received; but they are wholly destitute of intelligence.
By the arrival of the Washington at the same place, Paris papers to the 3d, and Rochelle papers to the 5th of April are received. They do not contain any interesting news.
On the 15th of March the headquarters of the French were still at Osterode. Nothing but slight skirmishes had recently taken place....The hopes of peace had vanished. A Warsaw article states that the French armies were in motion on the 19th of March, and that a general action was soon expected....Ib.
NEW-YORK, May 22.
Captain Shepherd, of the brig Ceres, from Guadalupe, informs that the day before he sailed a British vessel from England, bound to Cape Francois, with a cargo of 200,000 dollars value, was brought into Point Petre by a French privateer.
A passenger in the same vessel informs that a vessel arrived from St. Thomas, the day before he sailed, with intelligence that a French squadron out of Rochefort had taken the Cape of Good Hope.
May 23. A passenger in the schr. Amazon, that arrived yesterday forenoon in 22 days from Trinidad, informs, that a few days before they sailed, a flag of truce arrived at Trinidad from the Main, with an account of the death of the Prince of Peace, occasioned by a kick from one of his high metled chargers. The news was received direct from Madrid.
Captain Babbidge, who arrived at New-buryport on Saturday from Kingston, says, he read in a Jamaica paper, that a ship of 24 guns, from New-York for St. Domingo, was fallen in with about the 1st of April, by the Squirrel sloop of war, of 18 guns, and after a running fight, the American succeeded in beating off the sloop of war.
BALTIMORE, May 21.
We have been favored with a copy of a letter from New-Orleans of the date of April 19, containing, among other articles, some conclusions respecting the conduct of Burr in the western country, which are deemed improper for publication at the present moment, as his trial comes on tomorrow at Richmond, and we have no desire to forestall public opinion on a case so very important. We wish that Burr may be, not only justly, but legally tried; for it is better that he, even if guilty, escape, than that the form of laws should be prostrated.
In the letter above alluded to, the following is given as the substance of Burr's farewell address to his companions: "My plans, fellow-citizens, are delayed, not destroyed. It is not in my power to reward as I could wish at this moment; my bills being pro-
tested, and myself prosecuted, because as not understanding my views; but I have much property to divide among you, and I advise you not to separate, but to adhere to each other. If you desire Wachita lands, I leave a power of attorney for the conveyance to you; for be assured our project will be hereafter better understood and must finally succeed."
Postscript.
LATEST FOREIGN.
From the Norfolk Public Ledger of Wednesday last.
By the ship Sheffield, capt. Davis, arrived in Hampton Roads, from Liverpool, bound to City Point, we have received files of London papers to the 12th of April. These papers do not contain any accounts of a grand battle, that was expected had been fought about the last of March, and which was perhaps avoided by the French having retreated across the Vistula, as will be seen by this day's paper. From the 7th to the 11th of April various rumors had been in circulation in London, that a great battle had been fought, and that it had terminated in favor of the French, which, as the accounts were from Holland and France, was natural, but a Prussian officer arrived on the 12th, as will be noticed in this paper, who brought accounts that no battle of any consequence had been fought, and that the French had retreated. We remark in the extracts made into the English papers, from the continental journals, a considerable buzz of peace, and repeated in so many shapes, that we incline to think, whatever may be the result, that negotiations are on foot. These negotiations meet much opposition in England, from whence a large military expedition is preparing for the continent; but expeditions from England to the continent have so often ended in fumo , that we do not calculate much from that now proposed, though there was certainly never a more favorable moment, as France is evidently more embarrassed than at any former period.
In England the new administration have not only stood their ground, but in a most animated and lengthy debate in the House of Commons, on the 9th of April, (which we shall notice hereafter) gained a complete victory over the late administration and their friends, by a majority of thirty-two, present 484 members.
The question which occasioned this warm debate, and trial of strength, was on the following motion from a friend to the late administration: "Resolved, That it is subversive of the principles of the constitution, for his majesty's ministers to restrain themselves by any pledge to withhold at any time from his majesty any advice which they shall in their conscience believe to be conducive to the security of his realms, the honor of his crown, and the well-being of his subjects." From the resolution itself, but which the debate fully explains, it would appear that the present administration have pledged themselves not to advise the king upon some certain measures, particularly the Catholic question. To get rid of the resolution, and at the same time to try their strength the ministerialists moved for "the order of the day," on which the house divided. For the resolution, 258 For the original resolution, 226 Majority, 32
A trial of strength would be made in the house of lords a few days afterwards, the result of which will prove whether the present administration can maintain themselves with the present parliament or not.
Official accounts, as will be seen, of the capture of Monte Viedo , reached England on the 12th of April.
No account had reached England of the reception of the treaty in this country, which is in England thought to be so favorable to the United States, that not a doubt is entertained of its ratification.
Mr. Monroe, we are assured from a source which we can rely on, will leave London for the United States in all April, or as soon as he can find a suitable vessel for himself and his family.
Valuable Property FOR SALE.
By virtue of a deed of trust executed to us by Peter F. Archer, for the benefit of John G. Jefferson, WILL BE SOLD FOR CASH, on the premises, in the county of Amelia, on the 2d day of July next, a
Valuable Tract of Land
Called Fox-Harbour, containing by estimation above 650 acres, lying on both sides of the road leading from Pridesville to Beville's Bridge.
Also the following SLAVES or such of them as can be had, Simon, Dilcey and her three children, Leonard, Sam, Phil, Sukey and her three children, Davy, Sarena and her two children, Phoebe and her two children, Joe, Tom, Bristol, Murrier and her three children, or so much of the said property as shall be sufficient to satisfy the purposes of the said deed of trust. The sale will continue from day to day till it is completed. A minute description of the land is thought unnecessary, as it is imagined that those inclined to purchase will view it and judge for themselves.
JOSHUA CHAFFIN, } Trustees. WILLIAM CASSELLS, } WILLIAM BENTLEY, } May 28, 1807. tds
A FRESH SUPPLY OF Church's Cough Drops Is just received from the Proprietor's Dispensary New-York, and for sale at this office.
PROPOSALS
FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION. THE WORKS OF DR. BENJ. FRANKLIN; Philosophical, Political and Literary. HOMINUM RERUMQUE REPERTOR.
THIS edition will be published from the copies revised and corrected by Dr. Franklin, (the corrections of which are in the hand writing of the author,) now in the possession of the editor of the Aurora.
Various compilations of the miscellaneous papers, on philosophical, moral, and political subjects, have been published in England, and France, and in other parts of Europe; those which had appeared before the decease of the venerable sage, abounded with errors, which with his never-dying industry in the close of his years, he collected, revised, and corrected. Three several copies were made by his grandson the late Benjamin Franklin Bache....how two of the copies were disposed of is not known, but one was committed to Wm. Temple Franklin for publication; this copy is said to have been purchased by the British government, for the purpose of being suppressed....certainly it has never been published, though the present proposer has in his possession letters of Wm. Temple Franklin which fixed the period of the appearance of the work, and at the same time in England, France, and Germany....the proof impressions were to be forwarded to America, that a correct edition might appear on their native soil at the same time, and thereby supercede spurious editions....The period intimated has now passed ten years.
As soon as it was known that the work was suppressed, the present proposer, determined to turn his attention to the collection of all accessible materials, in order to their preservation for a future day; and in this he has been more successful than he could at first possibly have anticipated; and will now be able to offer to the public an edition more ample and authentic than any that can now be given, or that ever can be given, unless the work suppressed, should, in the lapse of years, (when enmity to his memory has ceased with the envy and malignity of his contemporaries,) be produced to the world; from the hands in which it has fallen, this can hardly ever be expected.
The edition now proposed to be published will differ from former compilations, in the following particulars:....
1. It will contain a considerable number of interesting articles, that have not appeared in any former edition. 2. It will contain a variety of articles, from manuscripts, which have never appeared in print. 3. The errors of essays formerly published, will be corrected in this, from the copies which the editor possesses, the corrections in the hand writing of the author. 4. Blanks will be filled up which were justly complained of in former editions of his miscellaneous essays; and many dates erroneously set down will be rectified. 5. Elucidatory notes will be given on many points, which former editors have left unexplained. 6. The Biographical Memoirs which have hitherto been published in a mutilated state, will be corrected, and rendered more ample and complete. 7. The work will be ornamented with numerous engravings, a vignette to each volume....a whole length portrait from the best likeness allowed to be in existence. 8. And the style of the printing and ornamenting shall be equal to any thing issued from the American press.
The whole will now be carefully collated....the new papers will form two additional volumes....the authentic papers already printed form three, so that the whole will be comprised in five volumes; it is intended to begin with the second volume, which will be put to press on the first of November, and to publish the biography last, so that such additional particulars as may throw any light on the life of this great man, may be engrafted on his memoirs.
Gentlemen who may be possessed of authentic or original papers, or correspondence of Dr. F. will render public service by communicating them to the editor, who will cheerfully defray the expenses of postage.
CONDITIONS.
The work shall be elegantly printed, on a new small pica type, and pale vellum paper, in large octavo.
To be ornamented with numerous engravings, a vignette to each volume, and a whole length portrait from the best likeness allowed to be in existence.
The price of each volume will be 2 dollars 50 cents in boards, payable on delivery of each volume only.
Subscriptions will be received by the publisher, during his stay in Richmond, at the Washington Tavern.
The subscribers having purchased the
Stock of Dry Goods OF GILLIAT & KIRBY, and taken the store lately occupied by them, will carry on the business under the firm of
KIRBY, DRAKE & TAYLOR. They will sell low for cash or on a short credit to punctual customers.
JAMES KIRBY, RIVERS DRAKE, EDM: TAYLOR, jr. May 29.
WILLIAM WARNER, NEXT THE BRIDGE,
RESPECTFULLY informs the public, that he has a very large and general assortment of
SPRING & SUMMER GOODS Of different manufactures and of the best qualities, which he intends selling at very low and reduced prices for cash or country produce. The liberal encouragement he has hitherto received, encourages him to hope the continuance of their favors. Country merchants may expect a reasonable discount.
May 29. 1

MATTRESSES. Can be had on very short notice. MATTRESSES of all sizes & kinds, agreeably to order in the large corner white house, opposite the Old City Tavern, two squares below the Market Bridge—BEDS made & MATTRESSES repaired—Horses TAILS & MANES purchased. Jno. S. Pleasants.
FOR SALE. My tract of Land, In Powhatan county, containing between nine hundred and a thousand acres, and lying within two miles of the courthouse, and on both sides of Pine creek. This tract of land would be sold entire, otherwise laid off in lots to suit purchasers. Any persons inclined to purchase, it is expected will first view the premises—any further description is deemed unnecessary. For terms apply to the subscriber, living on the premises. SAM. BASKERVILLE. Powhatan, Jan. 4th. 1807.
JAMES LYNCH, BLACKSMITH AND FARRIER, Respectfully informs his friends and the public, that he has lately removed to the first Cross street above the Eagle Tavern, leading to the basin—where he carries on the business as usual. Those that wish to favor him with their work, shall be strickly attended to. Richmond, April 6, 1807.
TO RENT, THE TENEMENT, Lately occupied by Mrs. Whitaker, in an agreeable, retired situation, and very convenient for a family. WILLIAM M'KIM. Richmond, March 2, 1807.
Advantageous Establishment. The subscriber, because of circumstances which have lately occurred in his family, wishes to admit a partner in the business of the Henrico Gun-Powder Works, about a mile and a half from Rocketts, or to sell his rights in the same: Said works are so nearly completed, that they will soon be in operation, and the manufacturer who is engaged to manage the making of the powder, understands the whole art so as to make it equal to any imported. None need apply for a share who cannot advance soon $1000, and employ their resources in the course of the business; there is a fair prospect that said works will be a very advantageous establishment; for further particulars apply to HUGH WARDEN Richmond, 1st May, 1807.
JOHN MENERY, Respectfully informs his friends and the public, that he has just received by the ship United States, capt. Hardy, from Liverpool, his spring assortment of SADDLERY;
CONSISTING of almost every article in the business. Likewise Harness Mountings, plated and Brass of different patterns; Coach and Coach Springs, Steps, long and short; Foot-men's holder Glass strings; Laces; Fringes; Glass, 24 by 20, 22 by 20, and 20 by 18; Horse-men's and Pocket Pistols; Secret Locks. N. B. Just received, a neat assortment of Saddlers' Leather—Skirting, Hog and Bug—all of which he will dispose of on moderate terms for cash. May 17. ep1m
Fifty Dollars Reward. The Lumberhouse of the subscribers was broken open last night and robbed of Two Trunks of Goods: One containing Dimities, Toilets and Manchesters or stuffs. The other containing Red Cardigan Socks. The above reward will be given on the detection of the thief, and discovery of the Goods. TAYLOR & BROWN. May, 9 1807.
TO SELL OR RENT, My Store-House & Lot, In the town of Warren, Albemarle county. The house is new, and the lot well enclosed; the stand is equal to any in town. A further description will be unnecessary, as it is presumed no person will buy or rent, without viewing the premises. The terms will be made known by applying to Messrs. Thomas Daniel, Robert Anderson, Wm. Brown, of Warren, Mr. Archibald Branch at Buckingham courthouse, or to the subscriber, living on the south fork of Slate river, eight miles above the courthouse. JAMES WALKER. Buckingham, 22d April, 1807.
Notice. ALL persons are forewarned from using or taking Sand from the Sand-Bar, called Coutts's, without the previous consent of the subscribers, who are alone authorised to sell or appropriate the same. For the convenience of those who incline to purchase, we have authorised Mrs. Coutts to act. Any sale or contract which she may make will be ratified by us. Samuel M'Craw, } Trustees Pleasant Younghusband, } Richmond, 20th Feb. 1807.
For Sale, A GOOD HOUSE & LOT, ON the hill near Mr. Thomas Rutherford's—for terms apply to ISAAC WEBSTER. Richmond, May 4th, 1807.
Just published & may be had at this office, Reports of Cases ARGUED AND DETERMINED IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA: WITH SELECT CASES, Relating chiefly to Points of Practice, decided by the Superior Court of Chancery for the Richmond District. PART I. VOL. I. By Wm. W. HANING & Wm. MUNFORD.
ASSIZE OF BREAD For the city of Richmond, from the 24th inst. until further orders, (superfine flour being 6 dollars per barrel,) viz. A single loaf made of superfine flour 27 oz. for 4d 1-2 Ditto of common flour, 23 1-2 oz. 4d 1-2 Double the above wt. respectively. 9d WM. RICHARDSON, Mayor. April 24, 1807.
BENNET SCOTT, Taylor & Habit-Maker, Respectfully informs the Ladies and Gentlemen of Richmond, and the public generally, that he has commenced business on the Main-street, next door below Messrs. M'Cay and Cowan, Watch-Makers, where all orders in his line will be executed with particular attention to fashion, neatness and punctuality. May 4th, 1807.
NEW YORK STATE LOTTERY, Authorised by an act of the Legislature, and payment of prizes guaranteed by them, positively commences drawing in the city of New York, on the second Tuesday in June next.
THE CAPITAL PRIZES ARE 1 of 25,000 DOLLARS. 2 of 10,000 DOLLARS. 2 of 5,000 DOLLARS. 2 of 2,000 DOLLARS. 6 of 1,000 DOLLARS. And several of 500, 200, 100, &c. &c.—Less than 2 1-2 blanks to a prize. The FIRST drawn ticket every FIFTH day will be entitled to a capital prize; and the SECOND drawn ticket every DAY, will be entitled to 200 dollars.
TICKETS, HALVES, QUARTERS AND EIGHTHS, ARE NOW SELLING AT WAITE'S TRULY FORTUNATE LOTTERY OFFICE, No. 64 and No. 38, Maiden Lane, New York. By enclosing bank notes, of any description, (post paid) to G. and R. WAITE, tickets and shares will be punctually returned by post to any amount, and the earliest advice sent to adventurers of their success. During the drawing, WAITE's weekly printed prize list will be sent to the printer of this paper, and to the post master at Richmond; and at the conclusion of the drawing, will also be sent, the managers' printed prize list, for the satisfaction of distant adventurers. At the above offices, have been sold in the late lotteries, prizes amounting to a sum, exceeding 300,000 dollars. Present price of tickets, Seven Dollars, but will advance as the drawing approaches. Prize tickets in the late New York lotteries taken in payment. New York, March 10, 1807.
SHOES. THE subscribers, under the firm of J. W. DENNIS & Co. have just received from the northward, a large supply of SHOES, which they warrant newly made, and of the best materials, viz: Gentlemen's superfine Shoes. do. fine do. Negroes coarse do. Lady's and Misses' leather Slips and Brunswicks. Boy's and Children's Shoes. Lady's & Misses' Kid } assorted colors. & Morocco Slips with } and without heels. Children's Morocco Shoes, do. Together with a general assortment of GROCERIES and fashionable BOVNETS, all of which they offer at a reduced price for cash, produce or acceptances in town. J. W. DENNIS. BENJAMIN DENNIS. Richmond, April 23, 1807.
WHEREAS some time past, I purchased a piece of land in Goochland county, of one William Lovell, for which I gave him two bonds, one for eighteen pounds, payable the 25th day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight, the other bond for 27 pounds, payable the 25th of December, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, and as the said Lovell has gone away without making me a right to the said land agreeable to bargain, I do forewarn all person or persons in trading for the above-mentioned bonds, as I do not intend to pay them unless I get a right agreeable to bargain. WM. SHEPPARD. 9th November, 1806.
FOR SALE, SEVEN HUNDRED ACRES OF FIRST RATE SOUTH WEST
MOUNTAIN LAND, FORMERLY a part of the estate of the late Col. James Madison, and lying in Orange county, within forty-five miles of Fredericksburg, and seventy-five of Richmond. The above tract of land is generally considered the best tract of high land in the county for tobacco, corn and wheat, and will produce from ten to fifteen bushels of wheat to the acre without manure or any other aid. There is a sufficiency of meadow land on it, and most of it reclaimed. It is under good fences, and in the course of the year I shall put on it a tolerable dwelling house and an excellent barn three stories high, with a stable in the lower one, with a wheat machine on the Scotch model. Another tract of LAND, lying in Amherst county, on Harris's creek, within six miles of Lynchburg, and containing five hundred and five acres, being part of a tract formerly belonging to Col. Hugh Rose, dec. This tract is considered of equal quality to any land, in a neighborhood generally esteemed the best soil for tobacco in Amherst. Any person inclined to purchase the land in Orange, will apply to the subscriber residing on the premises; and for the land in Amherst, to G. A. Rose, of Lynchburg, or to Mr. Landon Cabell, of Amherst. Negroes (in families) will be taken in exchange for either or both of the above tracts of land. ROBERT H. ROSE. Orange, April 3rd, 1807.
Lesueur & Saunders Are now receiving and will constantly keep a large supply of Bar-Iron & Castings, Of superior quality. Feb. 2d. 1807.
TO RENT, A Neat House, IN the Falling Garden, sufficiently large to accommodate a moderate sized family, either by itself or with the following profitable property, to wit:—An ice-house 20 feet by 18 and about 18 deep, well filled and pounded down with good clean ice—a bath-house, which if well attended to will yield a handsome profit; and also may be accommodated with a small or large part of a garden. The above property will be rented either for the season, say six months, or for a longer time, and possession given immediately. Good security will be required for the rent. Enquire of JAMES LOWNES, on the premises. 5d mo. 16th, 1807.
PRICES OF Nails, Brads & Sprigs, MANUFACTURED at the Penitentiary, and for sale by NICHOLAS HALLAM, agent for the Commonwealth, a few doors above the Swan Tavern, Richmond.
  CUT NAILS.  Wholesale. Retail.    3d. 12 1-2 cts. 12 1-2 cents per pound.  4d. 11 1-2 12 1-2  6d. 10 1-2 11 1-2  8d. 10 11  10d. 9 1-2 10 1-2  12d. 9 1-2 10 1-2  20d. 9 1-2 10 1-2       CUT BRADS.  Wholesale. Retail.    8d. 9 1-2 10 1-2  10d. 9 10  12d. 9 10  20d. 9 10       WROUGHT NAILS.  Wholesale. Retail.    6d. 12 13  8d. 11 1-2 12 1-2  10d. 11 12  12d. 11 12  20d. 11 12  50d. 11 12    Spikes of all sizes the same price as 80d nails.    CUT SPRIGS.Wholesale.Retail.      3d.—50 cents per thousand—4d. 67 cents per thousand—6d. 84 cents per thousand. Also, for sale as above, a variety of Plantation Utensils, such as Plough-irons, Harrow-teeth, Axes, Wedges, Chains, &c.
SHOES Of all sizes made of the best materials, may be had on the most reasonable terms. Where also may be had a general assortment of well chosen GROCERIES. May 13, 1807.
VALUABLE LOTS FOR SALE. ON Wednesday the 10th of June next, will be SOLD, at auction, on the premises, if not previously disposed of at private sale, that beautiful Square of Ground, Belonging to Col. Quarrier, and now occupied by him. For the convenience of purchasers, it is divided into Thirteen Lots, some of which are improved with dwelling houses and every convenience for families, and all of them are well situated, either for business, (being near the basin of the canal and public warehouse) or for the residence of families, having good prospects and a free circulation of air. A plan of the above property may be seen at the office of the subscribers, to whom, or to Col. Quarrier, all persons desirous of purchasing at private sale, will apply. Terms made known on the day of sale TAYLOR & BROWN, Auctioneers. May 8, 1807.
SALES AT AUCTION. On Tuesday, the 2d June next, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon, will be sold at Public Auction, at the late dwelling house of Doctor JAMES CURRIE, deceased, all his HOUSEHOLD and Kitchen FURNITURE, a Carriage, a pair of Carriage and two Riding Horses, three male and two female house servants—a shoemaker, and a man at present bound as an apprentice to the blacksmith's business. A stock of Liquors, consisting of one half pipe and some demijohns of first quality old Madeira, and part of a pipe old Sack Wine, French Brandy, &c. &c. a hoghead of Molasses and sundry other articles. Six months credit will be allowed on all sums above fifty dollars, the purchasers giving notes negotiable at the Bank of Virginia, with approved endorsers. Those having claims against the late Doctor Currie, are desired to bring them in properly authenticated, and his debtors are requested to make immediate payment. ROBERT GORDON & JAMES CURRIE. } Administrators. May 12.
ALL persons having claims against the late firm of Allen and Cody, of Cairo, are requested to make them known to the subscriber—and all persons indebted to the said firm, are requested to make immediate payment WILLIAM M. ALLEN, Surviving partner of Allen & Cody Cairo, May 7th, 1807.
ROBERT M'DOWELL, Respectfully informs the public that he continues to keep entertainment at the Red House in Jennings' Gap, sign of the Spread Eagle, situated in the forks of two roads, 12 miles from Staunton and 21 miles from Harrisonburg, leading directly to the different Mineral Springs in the back country. His house is large and airy, with plenty of lodging rooms, well furnished with good Beds. Liquors of the best quality. Also good Stables, to hold upwards of thirty horses, well furnished with Hay and Grain, and an excellent Hostler, &c. He flatters himself by his assiduity to please to give general satisfaction to those who call on him. May 11th, 1807.
MAP OF VIRGINIA. THE subscribers to the MAP of VIRGINIA, are respectfully informed, that some copies of the work are now ready for delivery, and may be furnished by calling on Mr. JOHN PURFEY, Stationer and Book binder, whom we have appointed our agent for the city of Richmond. No time shall be lost to furnish the whole of our subscribers as well as purchasers. THE PROPRIETORS. Richmond, May 13, 1807.
HARDWARE, IRONMONGERY and CUTLERY STORE.
BREAM & FOLLET, At the sign of the ANVIL, Main Street, Richmond, have received by the latest arrivals from England, a large and general assortment of Hardware, Ironmongery and Cutlery, which they will sell by wholesale or retail, low for cash, or on a short credit, for approved security; AMONGST WHICH ARE— Waldrons of prime Corn & Grass Scythes; Sickles, Weeding Hoes, Garden Hoes and Rakes; Spades & Shovels; Trace Chains, Black-Smith's Bellows, Anvils, Bick Irons, Sledge and Hand Hammers; Vises, Screw-Plates, Files and Rasps, Carpenter's Joiner's, Cooper's, Currier's, Saddler's, Silver Smith's, Watch Maker's and Shoe Maker's Tools; Locks, Hinges, Nails, Brads, Tacks, Screws, Brass Mounting for Cabinet Makers, Steel-yards, Scale Beams and Weights; Tea Kettles, Skillets and Spiders; Potts and Kettles; Bell Metal Kettles and Skillets; House Bells, Grid Irons, Frying Pans, Waffle and Wafer Irons; Smoothing Irons, Block Tin Coffee Pots, Britannia Metal Tea Potts, Britannia Metal Table and Tea Spoons; Coffee and Corn Mills; Knives and Forks; Pen and Jack Knives; Scissors, Razors Razor Cases and Shaving Boxes; Ivory and Horn Combs; Curling Tongs, Razor Hones. Glaziers' Diamonds, a few dozen of elegant silver mounted and plain green and white handled Table and Desert Knives and Forks; Table Steels, Butcher's Steels and Knives; Brass and Iron Wire; Tin in Boxes, Sheet Iron, Sheet and Bar Lead; Patent shot, Gun Locks, Flints, Bear, Wolf and Fox Traps; Screws and Bails for raising mill Stones, Mill Gudgeons and Inks; German Steel, Marbles, Nova Scotia Grind Stones, Window Glass, with a great variety of other articles in the above line, too tedious to enumerate; of which a constant supply will be kept, and sold on terms worthy the attention of those who wish to purchase. Also for sale 50 kegs FF Gun Powder, 15 Barrels Liver Oil, Bolting Cloths, Glue, and a general assortment of Brushes. Richmond, 21st May, 1807.
Trial of Col. Aaron Burr. WESTCOTT & Co. ELEVENTH STREET, NEAR PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE WASHINGTON CITY, INFORM the public that they have engaged Thomas Carpenter one of the most able and correct Stenographers in the United States, to attend the circuit court to commence its session at Richmond the 22d inst. and in case the said Trial comes on to publish as speedily as possible a complete and full account thereof, accompanied by all the documents relative to this all important case. May 18. N. B. The copy right will be secured.
ALL persons are hereby forewarned from putting dry goods of any kind on board of our wagons to be hauled, unless at his or their own risk, as we are determined not be responsible for any losses that may happen. JOHN HARVEY. THOMAS HARVEY, n. s. May 20, 1807.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to me by Charles Craddock, to secure the payment of a sum of money therein mentioned, WILL BE SOLD, To the highest bidder for cash, at John Jeter's Tavern in Amelia, on the 13th day of June next, TWO FEMALE SLAVES, to wit: Sally and Dicy. EDMOND EGGLESTON. May 22d, 1807.
VIRGINIA, BUCKINGHAM COUNTY, May 18th, 1807. I HEREBY forewarn Mr. John Fariss, of New-Kent county, in this state, from delivering to his brother Silvanus Fariss, or to any other person, the negro man NATHAN, he has hired this year from him; because I have made a bona fide purchase from the said Silvanus Fariss, of the said slave and have his order on John Fariss for the delivery of him, and shall call on the said John at the end of the year for the said negro—I have paid a very considerable part of the purchase money, and am under some apprehension the said Silvanus Fariss, may attempt to keep me out of the possession of the said slave, as he left the neighborhood where he formerly lived without letting me know, or directing the further plan by which I was to get possession of him. JOHN MORGAN.
PROPOSALS WILL be received by the Executive, till the first day of June next, for a supply of FREE STONE and MARBLE, in the Rough State, to be delivered at the Penitentiary, in the City of Richmond. Marble from the quarries in Virginia would be preferred, but there will be no objection to receiving it from other places. Persons wishing to contract will specify the size and quality, and the price by the ton, as well as the cubic foot.—Apply to DAN'L L. HYLTION, C. C. 18th April, 1807.
At a Court held for Cumberland county, the 22d day of March, 1807. James Morton & Company, Compt's } In against Drury Watson & John Bibb, Defts. } Caus THIS day came the plaintiffs by Henry E. Watkins their attorney, and the defendant Drury Watson not having entered his appearance and given security according to an act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that the said Drury is not an inhabitant of this state: On the motion of the plaintiff by their counsel aforesaid, It is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of July court next and answer the plaintiffs' bill, and that a copy of this order be inserted in some newspaper published in the city of Richmond for two months successively and pested at the front door of the courthouse of this county on some court day. A copy—Attest, SAM. HOBSON, D. C.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.
RUNAWAY from the subscriber living in Henrico county, on the 20th instant, a negro man named BILLY; it is likely he will call himself BILLY GRIFFIN, about 33 years of age, a common black, supposed to be five feet 11 inches high, straight and well made, with a scar on one side of his face near his nose, he speaks fierce when spoken to, walks upright. His clothes are not worth mentioning, as I expect he will change all of them except his shirts, which are home spun cotton. I expect he will harbour about the Forge in New Kent county, as his wife lives there. He is well acquainted in Richmond and Charles City, about Col. Bradley's. Any person delivering said slave to me or secure him in any jail, so that I get him again, shall receive the above reward and all reasonable charges paid. All persons are forewarned from harbouring him at their peril. THEODORICK CARTER. Henrico county, May 22d, 1807.
Royster & Bohannan, Respectfully inform their friends and the public generally, that they have just received a general assortment of GROCERIES, Which they will sell low for cash, country produce, or good notes at sixty days— AMONGST WHICH ARE— Brown Sugar in bds, Tumblers, pint and half pint Loaf Sugar in do. do. Decanters, quart and pint Jamaica } RUM } Leiper's Snuff Antigua } } } Window Glass N. England } } } London Mustard Best Cognac Brandy } } } Rice Holland Gin } } } Copperas Country do. } } } New York Candles Madeira } } } Ginger Sherry } } } Spice Malaga } } } Pepper Dry Lisbon } } } Queen's Ware in Hibbert's } } } crates, assorted Stout and Porter } } } New York Soap Writing Paper } } } Imperial & } TEAS Brown do. } } } G. Hyson } Nutmegs } } } Best Green Coffee in Indigo } } } bags Allum } } } Sack Salt Salt Petre } } } Cotton and Wool English Gun Powder } } } Cards, by the box Shot, assorted } } } assorted. Richmond, April 1, 1807.
Hat Manufactory. THE subscriber returns his most grateful thanks to his friends and the public in general, for past favors, in his line of business, and takes this method of informing them that he has removed his Hat Manufactory to his residence at Mount Prospect, near Bacon Branch. His sale store is at the old stand, on the main street, nearly opposite Col. Robert Gamble's where he has on hand, a large and general assortment of HATS, Of various descriptions.—Being convinced from the retired situation of his manufactory, and the excellence of his workmen, that he can have his work better executed than in the heart of the city, and flatters himself from a strictness to business, to merit a continuance of their custom—he assures them that nothing on his part shall be wanting to give general satisfaction—A general supply of hats is kept at the manufactory for the convenience of the people residing in the country. The highest price given for all kinds of FUR. SOLOMON MARKS. Richmond, May 7, 1807.
Military Land for Sale. THE subscriber wishes to sell or exchange for property in Virginia, the following tracts of Military Land, viz. one tract of ONE THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED and SIXTY-SIX ACRES, in the state of Kentucky, situated on Cumberland River, about eighty miles above the mouth of the river, about the same distance from Nashville, and twenty-five miles from Christian court house. ONE THOUSAND ACRES in the state of Ohio, situated on the Little Miami river, and within a small distance of the Ohio. The following tracts are all situated on Paint Creek, and within fifty miles of Chillicothe. One tract of Five Hundred Acres, one of One Hundred and Forty, one of Eight Hundred and Ninety-four, one of One Hundred and Seventy-six. Also one moiety of a tract of One Thousand Six Hundred and Sixty-six Acres, situated on Whiteoak Creek. I will also dispose of a tract of One Thousand Two Hundred and Fifty Acres, in the county of Harrison, in this state, situated on the Little Kanawha. For terms apply to the subscriber, near Genito Bridge, Powhatan. SAMUEL JONES. Amelia, May 16, 1807.