The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-01-01 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE... AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM... payable in advance.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE... AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM... payable in advance.
NUMBER 72.]
NUMBER 72.]
TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 1, 1805.
TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 1, 1805.
[VOLUME 1.]
[VOLUME 1.]
CONDITIONS.
CONDITIONS.
 I. THE ENQUIRER will appear twice a week... During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment FIVE DOLLARS per annum, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should they not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
 I. THE ENQUIRER will appear twice a week... During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment FIVE DOLLARS per annum, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should they not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
Sales at Auction.
Sales at Auction.
Will be sold on Wednesday the 2d January next, at 12 o'clock, on the premises, for approved negotiable notes in the Bank of Virginia at 60 days.  SIX VERY VALUABLE LOTS , known in Queen's plan of the Academy or Theatre, lots No. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, the situation of which is inferior to very few, if any lots in the city of Richmond. The plan may be seen at the office of the subscribers.  PROSSER & MONCURE, V. M's. December 25. (tds.)
Will be sold on Wednesday the 2d January next, at 12 o'clock, on the premises, for approved negotiable notes in the Bank of Virginia at 60 days.  SIX VERY VALUABLE LOTS , known in Queen's plan of the Academy or Theatre, lots No. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, the situation of which is inferior to very few, if any lots in the city of Richmond. The plan may be seen at the office of the subscribers.  PROSSER & MONCURE, V. M's. December 25. (tds.)
Sales at Auction.
Sales at Auction.
By Virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed to the subscribers by Mr. Bartlett Still, of the city of Richmond, for the purpose of securing the payment of his note to Messrs. Lemuel Wells, & Co. of New York, for six thousand three hundred and twenty-two Dollars seventeen Cents, with interest at the rate of six per cent. per annum, from the 21st day of May last,
By Virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed to the subscribers by Mr. Bartlett Still, of the city of Richmond, for the purpose of securing the payment of his note to Messrs. Lemuel Wells, & Co. of New York, for six thousand three hundred and twenty-two Dollars seventeen Cents, with interest at the rate of six per cent. per annum, from the 21st day of May last,
WILL BE SOLD , to raise the aforesaid sum and interest, together with the expenses attending the execution of said trust, for ready money, on the premises, on Saturday the 2d day of February ensuing, between the hours of 11 and 1 o'clock, that LOT OF GROUND on the north side of the Main-street, next above the Bell Tavern, with the brick-buildings thereon, at present in the occupancy of Messrs. St. John & Gwathmey and John Richard, Esq. The buildings are insured, and the title to the property is believed to be unexceptionable. A conveyance with special warranty will be made by the subscribers.  PROSSER & MONCURE, Trustees & V. M's. December 25. (tds.)
WILL BE SOLD , to raise the aforesaid sum and interest, together with the expenses attending the execution of said trust, for ready money, on the premises, on Saturday the 2d day of February ensuing, between the hours of 11 and 1 o'clock, that LOT OF GROUND on the north side of the Main-street, next above the Bell Tavern, with the brick-buildings thereon, at present in the occupancy of Messrs. St. John & Gwathmey and John Richard, Esq. The buildings are insured, and the title to the property is believed to be unexceptionable. A conveyance with special warranty will be made by the subscribers.  PROSSER & MONCURE, Trustees & V. M's. December 25. (tds.)
Auction Sales.
Auction Sales.
THOMAS TAYLOR & Co.  WILL IN FUTURE sell at the place occupied by M. W. Hancock & Co. on Wednesdays in each week; and at their office, on Tuesdays and Fridays as usual.  Dec. 1, 1804. eptf.
THOMAS TAYLOR & Co.  WILL IN FUTURE sell at the place occupied by M. W. Hancock & Co. on Wednesdays in each week; and at their office, on Tuesdays and Fridays as usual.  Dec. 1, 1804. eptf.
MONS: FOLLY.
MONS: FOLLY.
RESPECTFULLY acquaints the Ladies and Gentlemen of Richmond, Manchester and their vicinity, that he intends offering for approbation,  A CONCERT OF VOCAL & INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC:  On Tuesday Evening next, the First of January, 1805. With the assistance of Mr. Hopkins and others.  For Place and Particulars, see Bills.  December 28.
RESPECTFULLY acquaints the Ladies and Gentlemen of Richmond, Manchester and their vicinity, that he intends offering for approbation,  A CONCERT OF VOCAL & INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC:  On Tuesday Evening next, the First of January, 1805. With the assistance of Mr. Hopkins and others.  For Place and Particulars, see Bills.  December 28.
TRACT OF LAND.
TRACT OF LAND.
Will be publicly exposed to sale, at the Eagle Tavern in the city of Richmond, on the 15th day of January next,  A SMALL TRACT OF VALUABLE LAND , whereupon the subscriber now lives, containing about 250 acres, lying on the Welfham road, and about four miles from the said city. A farther description of the land is deemed unnecessary, as it is presumed that every person desirous of purchasing, will obtain farther information as to the land, by a view of it, or enquiry as to the same. 500 dollars of the purchase money will be expected in cash, and a credit of seven years given for the balance, upon receiving bond with security for the payment thereof, and legal interest thereon annually. Mr. Archer Payne of Goodland, who is the trustee of the subscriber, will join her in executing a deed to the purchaser.  ELIZABETH DANDRIDGE. December 29. (tf.)
Will be publicly exposed to sale, at the Eagle Tavern in the city of Richmond, on the 15th day of January next,  A SMALL TRACT OF VALUABLE LAND , whereupon the subscriber now lives, containing about 250 acres, lying on the Welfham road, and about four miles from the said city. A farther description of the land is deemed unnecessary, as it is presumed that every person desirous of purchasing, will obtain farther information as to the land, by a view of it, or enquiry as to the same. 500 dollars of the purchase money will be expected in cash, and a credit of seven years given for the balance, upon receiving bond with security for the payment thereof, and legal interest thereon annually. Mr. Archer Payne of Goodland, who is the trustee of the subscriber, will join her in executing a deed to the purchaser.  ELIZABETH DANDRIDGE. December 29. (tf.)
BILLS ON NEW-YORK,
BILLS ON NEW-YORK,
At Ten to Sixty Days sight—FOR SALE BY M. W. HANCOCK & CO. Dec. 22. tf
At Ten to Sixty Days sight—FOR SALE BY M. W. HANCOCK & CO. Dec. 22. tf
Irish Linen and Madira Wine.
Irish Linen and Madira Wine.
JOHN HENRY has imported in the ship LATONA , captain Thurston, from Liverpool, a few small boxes of well assorted 4-ths IRISH LINEN, purchased in Dublin in July; which, with fine old London particular MADIRA WINE , in pipes and half pipes, he offers for sale on moderate terms.  Nov. 7. eptf.
JOHN HENRY has imported in the ship LATONA , captain Thurston, from Liverpool, a few small boxes of well assorted 4-ths IRISH LINEN, purchased in Dublin in July; which, with fine old London particular MADIRA WINE , in pipes and half pipes, he offers for sale on moderate terms.  Nov. 7. eptf.
SADDLERY.
SADDLERY.
JOHN MENERY, SADDLER , respectfully informs the public in general, and his friends in particular, that he has just received an elegant and well chosen assortment of Saddlery, Coach and Harness Mountings, Whips, Spurs, &c. &c. &c. laid in under his own inspection, whereby he is enabled to offer them on the most reduced terms.  November 21.
JOHN MENERY, SADDLER , respectfully informs the public in general, and his friends in particular, that he has just received an elegant and well chosen assortment of Saddlery, Coach and Harness Mountings, Whips, Spurs, &c. &c. &c. laid in under his own inspection, whereby he is enabled to offer them on the most reduced terms.  November 21.
ENOCH SULLIVAN,
ENOCH SULLIVAN,
JEWELLER & HAIR-WORKER, (First door below the Eagle Tavern.)
JEWELLER & HAIR-WORKER, (First door below the Eagle Tavern.)
DEES leave to inform the public that he has for Sale, a FASHIONABLE ASSORTMENT OF JEWELRY & SILVER WARE; Also, a HANDSOME SUPPLY OF LADIES ELEGANT COMBS, POCKET BOOKS, &c. Dec. 8. eptf.
DEES leave to inform the public that he has for Sale, a FASHIONABLE ASSORTMENT OF JEWELRY & SILVER WARE; Also, a HANDSOME SUPPLY OF LADIES ELEGANT COMBS, POCKET BOOKS, &c. Dec. 8. eptf.
PURR MILL STONES , of all sizes; and P. PLAISTER OF PARIS , of an excellent quality. JOA. SUE, at the Market.
PURR MILL STONES , of all sizes; and P. PLAISTER OF PARIS , of an excellent quality. JOA. SUE, at the Market.
WILLIAM DAVIDSON. Dec. 4. eptf.
WILLIAM DAVIDSON. Dec. 4. eptf.
NEIL M'COULL has received his FALL SUPPLY OF DRY GOODS.
NEIL M'COULL has received his FALL SUPPLY OF DRY GOODS.
Nov. 14. ept 1F
Nov. 14. ept 1F
FARMINGDALE NURSERY.
FARMINGDALE NURSERY.
THE SUBSCRIBER has FOR SALE, for the present season, at his Nursery, adjoining the Borough of Norfolk,
THE SUBSCRIBER has FOR SALE, for the present season, at his Nursery, adjoining the Borough of Norfolk,
10,000 WORKED FRUIT TREES; Consisting of Apples, Peaches, Pears, Cherries, Apricots, Plums, Nectarines, &c. &c. &c. Selected from all parts of this state, from the Nursery to the Northward, and from England. He flatters himself that those who want to purchase will be satisfied with the goodness of the fruit trees being near one hundred sorts. He has also for sale a quantity of Lombardy and Balsam Poplars, Pride of China &c. with a large assortment of Tulip Roots, imported three years ago from London, and are beautifully variegated all colours.
10,000 WORKED FRUIT TREES; Consisting of Apples, Peaches, Pears, Cherries, Apricots, Plums, Nectarines, &c. &c. &c. Selected from all parts of this state, from the Nursery to the Northward, and from England. He flatters himself that those who want to purchase will be satisfied with the goodness of the fruit trees being near one hundred sorts. He has also for sale a quantity of Lombardy and Balsam Poplars, Pride of China &c. with a large assortment of Tulip Roots, imported three years ago from London, and are beautifully variegated all colours.
BAYLOR HILL. December 15. (eptf Wm. T.)
BAYLOR HILL. December 15. (eptf Wm. T.)
NOTICE.
NOTICE.
BANK OF VIRGINIA.
BANK OF VIRGINIA.
Richmond, Dec. 12, 1804.  A GENERAL meeting of the Stock-holders will be held at the Bank-House, on the first Monday in January next, for the purpose of electing directors for Richmond, Norfolk, Petersburg and Fredericksburg; and for other purposes relative to the affairs of the corporation.
Richmond, Dec. 12, 1804.  A GENERAL meeting of the Stock-holders will be held at the Bank-House, on the first Monday in January next, for the purpose of electing directors for Richmond, Norfolk, Petersburg and Fredericksburg; and for other purposes relative to the affairs of the corporation.
In order that a list of the real share-holders may be exhibited, those persons who have not sent in the receipts granted by the commissioners for receiving subscriptions, are requested to transmit them by the day above mentioned, together with the cashier's receipts for the second instalment, when new scrip will be issued, in lieu thereof, by the president.  JOHN BROCKENROUGH, Cashr. (eptf)
In order that a list of the real share-holders may be exhibited, those persons who have not sent in the receipts granted by the commissioners for receiving subscriptions, are requested to transmit them by the day above mentioned, together with the cashier's receipts for the second instalment, when new scrip will be issued, in lieu thereof, by the president.  JOHN BROCKENROUGH, Cashr. (eptf)
WHITE CHIMNEYS.
WHITE CHIMNEYS.
THE SUBSCRIBER wishes to rent the Tavern and Store House at this place, either altogether or separately; the eligibility of the stand for a Tavern and Store is well known by many; the salubrity of the air and the quality of the water, are unexceptionable. Possession may be given on the 1st of January next. For terms apply to FRANCIS GALLVAN. White Chimneys, Dec. 15, 1804. (eptf.)
THE SUBSCRIBER wishes to rent the Tavern and Store House at this place, either altogether or separately; the eligibility of the stand for a Tavern and Store is well known by many; the salubrity of the air and the quality of the water, are unexceptionable. Possession may be given on the 1st of January next. For terms apply to FRANCIS GALLVAN. White Chimneys, Dec. 15, 1804. (eptf.)
BROKER'S OFFICE.
BROKER'S OFFICE.
THE SUBSCRIBER has opened a Broker's Office, opposite the Union Tavern, and over the Counting-house of Thomas and Amos Ladd. All business confided to him, will be transacted with fidelity.  THOMAS NORVELL. October 3. tf
THE SUBSCRIBER has opened a Broker's Office, opposite the Union Tavern, and over the Counting-house of Thomas and Amos Ladd. All business confided to him, will be transacted with fidelity.  THOMAS NORVELL. October 3. tf
NOTICE.
NOTICE.
ALL persons indebted to the late firm of BUCHANAN, DUNLOP & CO. of Petersburg, ROBERT POLLOK & CO. of Richmond, and DUNLOP, POLLOK & CO. of Manchester, are hereby notified, that James Dunlop , late a partner in the above concerns, has become possessed of the outstanding debts; they will therefore be pleased to make payment to Mr. John Tompkins residing in Richmond, or the subscriber residing in Petersburg, who alone are authorised to make collections and grant discharges. Suits will be indifferently commenced against all who do not make payment before the first of February next.  JOHN DUNLOP, Attorney For JAMES DUNLOP. Petersburg, Nov. 15, 1804. eptf.
ALL persons indebted to the late firm of BUCHANAN, DUNLOP & CO. of Petersburg, ROBERT POLLOK & CO. of Richmond, and DUNLOP, POLLOK & CO. of Manchester, are hereby notified, that James Dunlop , late a partner in the above concerns, has become possessed of the outstanding debts; they will therefore be pleased to make payment to Mr. John Tompkins residing in Richmond, or the subscriber residing in Petersburg, who alone are authorised to make collections and grant discharges. Suits will be indifferently commenced against all who do not make payment before the first of February next.  JOHN DUNLOP, Attorney For JAMES DUNLOP. Petersburg, Nov. 15, 1804. eptf.
J. TOMPKINS
J. TOMPKINS
RESPECTFULLY informs those concerned, that he has removed the books and papers of the late concern of Robert Pollok & Co. and Dunlop, Pollok & Co. to a new Brick House near the Basin, and directly opposite to the Scale-House. Where he is now for sale, a few pipes of OLD COGNAC BRANDY , of superior quality.  December 11.
RESPECTFULLY informs those concerned, that he has removed the books and papers of the late concern of Robert Pollok & Co. and Dunlop, Pollok & Co. to a new Brick House near the Basin, and directly opposite to the Scale-House. Where he is now for sale, a few pipes of OLD COGNAC BRANDY , of superior quality.  December 11.
NOTICE.
NOTICE.
WE the undersigned , partners in the late concerns of BUCHANAN, DUNLOP & Co. at Petersburg, of ROBERT POLLOK & Co. at Richmond, and of DUNLOP, POLLOK & Co. at Manchester, have sold to Mr. James Dunlop, our late partner in said concerns, the debts now due to, and outstanding at these different establishments. Those indebted will therefore please to take notice, that hereafter payments are to be made only to the said Mr. James Dunlop, his attorney or attorneys, and to whom those having claims against these concerns will apply for payment.
WE the undersigned , partners in the late concerns of BUCHANAN, DUNLOP & Co. at Petersburg, of ROBERT POLLOK & Co. at Richmond, and of DUNLOP, POLLOK & Co. at Manchester, have sold to Mr. James Dunlop, our late partner in said concerns, the debts now due to, and outstanding at these different establishments. Those indebted will therefore please to take notice, that hereafter payments are to be made only to the said Mr. James Dunlop, his attorney or attorneys, and to whom those having claims against these concerns will apply for payment.
DAVID BUCHANAN.
DAVID BUCHANAN.
By ROBERT POLLOK, his Attorney. ROBERT POLLOK. Virginia, Petersburg, Dec. 6, 1804. (epdm)
By ROBERT POLLOK, his Attorney. ROBERT POLLOK. Virginia, Petersburg, Dec. 6, 1804. (epdm)
IRISH LINENS & 5-4 IRISH SHEETINGS.
IRISH LINENS & 5-4 IRISH SHEETINGS.
THE SUBSCRIBERS have just received from Belfast a handsome assortment of 7-8th & 4-4th IRISH LINENS, and 5-4th IRISH SHEETINGS, which they will sell on moderate terms.  ELLIS & ALLEN. December 20. [ep 4w.]
THE SUBSCRIBERS have just received from Belfast a handsome assortment of 7-8th & 4-4th IRISH LINENS, and 5-4th IRISH SHEETINGS, which they will sell on moderate terms.  ELLIS & ALLEN. December 20. [ep 4w.]
T. SULLY,
T. SULLY,
Portrait and Miniature Painter.  SPECIMENS of his work may be seen at his rooms above Dumestre & Turner's Grocery, Main-Street, Richmond.  December 4. (eptf.)
Portrait and Miniature Painter.  SPECIMENS of his work may be seen at his rooms above Dumestre & Turner's Grocery, Main-Street, Richmond.  December 4. (eptf.)
FOR SALE—at Rocketts.
FOR SALE—at Rocketts.
THE LOT , and two story BRICK HOUSE, containing three tenements, which the subscriber purchased at the sale of George Nicholson, deceased. The lot is well situated for a warehouse, and the brick building for a bake-house, lumber-house, or Tobacco Factory.  November 14. tf
THE LOT , and two story BRICK HOUSE, containing three tenements, which the subscriber purchased at the sale of George Nicholson, deceased. The lot is well situated for a warehouse, and the brick building for a bake-house, lumber-house, or Tobacco Factory.  November 14. tf
CASH
CASH
WILL BE GIVEN for 12 or 15 BOYS, from 7 to 15 years old. Enquire of the Printers. Dec. 15. [epf.]
WILL BE GIVEN for 12 or 15 BOYS, from 7 to 15 years old. Enquire of the Printers. Dec. 15. [epf.]
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN TO THE DEBTORS OF
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN TO THE DEBTORS OF
ROSS & FORD.  THAT IN compliance with my duty as assignee, I shall commence suits indifferently against all those who do not come forward and give assurances when payment may be expected.
ROSS & FORD.  THAT IN compliance with my duty as assignee, I shall commence suits indifferently against all those who do not come forward and give assurances when payment may be expected.
December 22. (tf.)
December 22. (tf.)
NEIL M'COULL.
NEIL M'COULL.
ALL BILLS OF LADING, SHERIFF'S BLANKS, BLANK BONDS, &c. &c. FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
ALL BILLS OF LADING, SHERIFF'S BLANKS, BLANK BONDS, &c. &c. FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
ADVERTISEMENT.
ADVERTISEMENT.
A GREEABLE to a decree of the county of King and Queen—will be sold at Mr. John Miller's Tavern on the 19th day of January next, one TRACT OF LAND belonging to the estate of Thomas G. Rowe deceased, lying in the county aforesaid, containing about 550 acres. The land lies nine miles from Tappahannock and seven from Dunkirk, this land joins the lands of Col. John Hopkins, and the Rev. Robert B. Samuels.
A GREEABLE to a decree of the county of King and Queen—will be sold at Mr. John Miller's Tavern on the 19th day of January next, one TRACT OF LAND belonging to the estate of Thomas G. Rowe deceased, lying in the county aforesaid, containing about 550 acres. The land lies nine miles from Tappahannock and seven from Dunkirk, this land joins the lands of Col. John Hopkins, and the Rev. Robert B. Samuels.
ALSO will be sold on the 14th day of said month at King and Queen Court-House, it being court day. Seven very LIKELY NEGROES belonging to the said estate. Twelve months credit will be allowed the purchasers for the Land and Negroes, on giving bond with approved security to the
ALSO will be sold on the 14th day of said month at King and Queen Court-House, it being court day. Seven very LIKELY NEGROES belonging to the said estate. Twelve months credit will be allowed the purchasers for the Land and Negroes, on giving bond with approved security to the
COMMISSIONERS. December 22. (sw.)
COMMISSIONERS. December 22. (sw.)
Debate.
Debate.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES.
Wednesday, Dec. 19.
Wednesday, Dec. 19.
Debate on the report of the committee of Elections on the petition of sundry citizens of the county of Washington, in the State of Pennsylvania, complaining of an undue election and return of John Hope to serve in this House as one of the representatives for said State.
Debate on the report of the committee of Elections on the petition of sundry citizens of the county of Washington, in the State of Pennsylvania, complaining of an undue election and return of John Hope to serve in this House as one of the representatives for said State.
The report being read as follows: That William Hoge member of the House of Representatives for the eighth Congress, having by letter to the governor of the state of Pennsylvania, dated the 15th of October, resigned his seat in Congress; the governor in pursuance of the provisions made in the second section of the first article of the constitution of the United States, issued a writ of election to supply the vacancy which had thus taken place; That the said writ was issued on the 29th day of October, and the election directed to be held on the 2d day of November, eleven days after the date of the said writ; that the writ was brought by the mail to the Prothonotary's office in Washington, on the 30th of October, but not proclaimed by the sheriff 'til the 31st.
The report being read as follows: That William Hoge member of the House of Representatives for the eighth Congress, having by letter to the governor of the state of Pennsylvania, dated the 15th of October, resigned his seat in Congress; the governor in pursuance of the provisions made in the second section of the first article of the constitution of the United States, issued a writ of election to supply the vacancy which had thus taken place; That the said writ was issued on the 29th day of October, and the election directed to be held on the 2d day of November, eleven days after the date of the said writ; that the writ was brought by the mail to the Prothonotary's office in Washington, on the 30th of October, but not proclaimed by the sheriff 'til the 31st.
"It appears to the committee, that though by the second section of the 1st article of the constitution of the United States, it is made the duty of the executive authority of the respective states to issue writs of election to fill vacancies, yet by the fourth section of the said article, it is made the duty of the Legislature of each state to prescribe the times, places and manner for holding such elections. It appears, however, that several elections to supply vacancies in Congress, have been heretofore held in Pennsylvania, yet on examining the laws of that state, it appears that no law exists prescribing the times, places and manner of holding elections to supply such vacancies as may happen in the representation in Congress, and consequently if the election of John Hoge is, on this account, set aside, no election can be held to supply the vacancy until the legislature of a state enact a law for that purpose."
"It appears to the committee, that though by the second section of the 1st article of the constitution of the United States, it is made the duty of the executive authority of the respective states to issue writs of election to fill vacancies, yet by the fourth section of the said article, it is made the duty of the Legislature of each state to prescribe the times, places and manner for holding such elections. It appears, however, that several elections to supply vacancies in Congress, have been heretofore held in Pennsylvania, yet on examining the laws of that state, it appears that no law exists prescribing the times, places and manner of holding elections to supply such vacancies as may happen in the representation in Congress, and consequently if the election of John Hoge is, on this account, set aside, no election can be held to supply the vacancy until the legislature of a state enact a law for that purpose."
"By the law for the general election of representatives to Congress for Pennsylvania, the sheriff is to give thirty days notice before the election, and to make the returns within thirty days after it." This election is held near five months before the expiration of the existing Congress. By the law of said state for supplying vacancies in the state legislature, the Speakers of the respective Houses shall issue writs to supply vacancies that may happen, giving at least ten days notice. The governor, in the case now before the committee, has directed the election to be held on the same day See, on which the electors for President and Vice President were to be chosen. There is no proof before the committee of any abuse in the manner of conducting the election in obedience to the writ issued by the governor."
"By the law for the general election of representatives to Congress for Pennsylvania, the sheriff is to give thirty days notice before the election, and to make the returns within thirty days after it." This election is held near five months before the expiration of the existing Congress. By the law of said state for supplying vacancies in the state legislature, the Speakers of the respective Houses shall issue writs to supply vacancies that may happen, giving at least ten days notice. The governor, in the case now before the committee, has directed the election to be held on the same day See, on which the electors for President and Vice President were to be chosen. There is no proof before the committee of any abuse in the manner of conducting the election in obedience to the writ issued by the governor."
"While the committee are of opinion, that the legislature of Pennsylvania ought to have appointed as near as might be the times, as well as the places and manner of holding elections to supply vacancies in Congress, and that in ordinary cases a longer period ought to intervene between the time of public notice and the day of holding the election, yet considering the special circumstances connected with the election of John Hoge, and particularly that the election took place on the day fixed by the state legislature for the appointment of Electors for the state of Pennsylvania, the committee are of opinion that John Hoge is entitled to a seat in this House."
"While the committee are of opinion, that the legislature of Pennsylvania ought to have appointed as near as might be the times, as well as the places and manner of holding elections to supply vacancies in Congress, and that in ordinary cases a longer period ought to intervene between the time of public notice and the day of holding the election, yet considering the special circumstances connected with the election of John Hoge, and particularly that the election took place on the day fixed by the state legislature for the appointment of Electors for the state of Pennsylvania, the committee are of opinion that John Hoge is entitled to a seat in this House."
Mr. Leib was opposed to the report of the Committee of elections; he thought it a duty, therefore, to assign the reasons of his opposition—Were not the report to operate as a precedent for future decisions, he should have contented himself with a silent vote; but on this occasion, he could not forbear expressing his dissent to the doctrine advanced by the committee in support of the seat of the sitting member.
Mr. Leib was opposed to the report of the Committee of elections; he thought it a duty, therefore, to assign the reasons of his opposition—Were not the report to operate as a precedent for future decisions, he should have contented himself with a silent vote; but on this occasion, he could not forbear expressing his dissent to the doctrine advanced by the committee in support of the seat of the sitting member.
The committee had made four points in their report.
The committee had made four points in their report.
That the constitution gives to the Executive of the state the power of issuing writs of election to supply vacancies. That if the election of Mr. Hoge be set aside no election can be held to supply the vacancy until the legislature of Pennsylvania passes a law regulating special elections.
That the constitution gives to the Executive of the state the power of issuing writs of election to supply vacancies. That if the election of Mr. Hoge be set aside no election can be held to supply the vacancy until the legislature of Pennsylvania passes a law regulating special elections.
That there exists no law in Pennsylvania for the regulation of special elections for members of Congress, and that the notice by the governor was sufficient, because it directed the Election to be held on the same day on which the electors of a President and Vice-President of the United States were to be chosen.
That there exists no law in Pennsylvania for the regulation of special elections for members of Congress, and that the notice by the governor was sufficient, because it directed the Election to be held on the same day on which the electors of a President and Vice-President of the United States were to be chosen.
He would not deny that the constitution of the United States gave to the executive the power of issuing writs of election to supply vacancies, but he denied the power of the executive to prescribe the manner and to fix the time of holding the election. In the fourth section of the first article of the constitution, it is declared, that, "the time, place and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed by each state in the legislature thereof," it is evident, therefore, that although the executive may have the power of notifying the vacancy and directing it to be supplied, yet that he cannot prescribe the time, the place, or the manner of carrying it into effect, this power being specifically delegated to the legislature. If he can prescribe the time, he certainly can prescribe the place and the manner; for the doctrine contended for implies an absolute discretion; and if the place and the manner be also placed in executive hands, he is vested with an absolute control over all special elections. Are the committee prepared to sanction such a doctrine? Will they admit, that elections, on which the safety and fate of the nation may sometimes depend, shall rest upon executive will?
He would not deny that the constitution of the United States gave to the executive the power of issuing writs of election to supply vacancies, but he denied the power of the executive to prescribe the manner and to fix the time of holding the election. In the fourth section of the first article of the constitution, it is declared, that, "the time, place and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed by each state in the legislature thereof," it is evident, therefore, that although the executive may have the power of notifying the vacancy and directing it to be supplied, yet that he cannot prescribe the time, the place, or the manner of carrying it into effect, this power being specifically delegated to the legislature. If he can prescribe the time, he certainly can prescribe the place and the manner; for the doctrine contended for implies an absolute discretion; and if the place and the manner be also placed in executive hands, he is vested with an absolute control over all special elections. Are the committee prepared to sanction such a doctrine? Will they admit, that elections, on which the safety and fate of the nation may sometimes depend, shall rest upon executive will?
Under the construction given to the constitution by the committee of elections, the governor or may have directed all the citizens of Washington County to hold the election at the town of Washington, or at any other town he pleased, and he may have conveyed the superintendence of it to other officers than those appointed by the people,—the power to issue writs of election to supply vacancies comprehended every incidental power, and the special election was wholly dependent upon executive discretion!
Under the construction given to the constitution by the committee of elections, the governor or may have directed all the citizens of Washington County to hold the election at the town of Washington, or at any other town he pleased, and he may have conveyed the superintendence of it to other officers than those appointed by the people,—the power to issue writs of election to supply vacancies comprehended every incidental power, and the special election was wholly dependent upon executive discretion!
He agreed with the committee of elections in the second point, that if no law exists to regulate special elections and the election of Mr. Hoge is set aside, no election can be held to supply the vacancy, until the legislature of the state shall enact a law for that purpose; but he contended that a law did exist, and that the general rule governed the special case. The law for the regulation of the general election for members of Congress was the rule on this subject, and this rule ought to have governed the special case in question. By this law thirty days notice is to be given; but in this instance only one day's notice was allowed. If thirty day's notice were deemed not more than sufficient for a general election, surely a special election, not less important to the district required an equal time for information to be diffused and consideration to be manured; and if this notice pointed out by the law had been given, he would dare affirm that the result would have been extremely different.
He agreed with the committee of elections in the second point, that if no law exists to regulate special elections and the election of Mr. Hoge is set aside, no election can be held to supply the vacancy, until the legislature of the state shall enact a law for that purpose; but he contended that a law did exist, and that the general rule governed the special case. The law for the regulation of the general election for members of Congress was the rule on this subject, and this rule ought to have governed the special case in question. By this law thirty days notice is to be given; but in this instance only one day's notice was allowed. If thirty day's notice were deemed not more than sufficient for a general election, surely a special election, not less important to the district required an equal time for information to be diffused and consideration to be manured; and if this notice pointed out by the law had been given, he would dare affirm that the result would have been extremely different.
The committee of elections suppose, that because the election was notified for the day on which electors of a President and Vice President were to be chosen, therefore, it was a sufficient notice. The testimony upon the table showed that only one day's notice had been given, that the writ had not been received until the 30th, and that the advertisement of the sheriff was not even prepared for publication until the evening of the 31st of October; the notice, therefore, could not have issued until the morning of the first of November, one day before the election was to be held. The county of Washington comprehended not less than six election districts, and is extensive, and he would ask, how it was possible for the electors to be informed in one day! He averred that even in Philadelphia, where there were so many daily prints, & where information could travel with so much rapidity, that even then, one day's notice of an election would not enable the people to be informed, & could this be done in the county of Washington where the population was diffused over an extensive surface? It certainly could not.
The committee of elections suppose, that because the election was notified for the day on which electors of a President and Vice President were to be chosen, therefore, it was a sufficient notice. The testimony upon the table showed that only one day's notice had been given, that the writ had not been received until the 30th, and that the advertisement of the sheriff was not even prepared for publication until the evening of the 31st of October; the notice, therefore, could not have issued until the morning of the first of November, one day before the election was to be held. The county of Washington comprehended not less than six election districts, and is extensive, and he would ask, how it was possible for the electors to be informed in one day! He averred that even in Philadelphia, where there were so many daily prints, & where information could travel with so much rapidity, that even then, one day's notice of an election would not enable the people to be informed, & could this be done in the county of Washington where the population was diffused over an extensive surface? It certainly could not.
The notice of an election for electors was no notice of an election for a member of Congress. The electoral election excited little attention, because it was not disputed, and as there was no opposition the people remained at home; how then did this operate as a notice? Those only who attended the election could have been informed! and was the notice to them to be taken as a notice to all? Would a notification of an election for charter officers in any of our towns be deemed a notice of an election for a legislator of the United States, and if not, by what process could the notice in the present case be made to apply? Are the rights of the people to be held by such a tenure as is implied in this doctrine? He trusted not, and he hoped, therefore, that the committee of the whole would not affirm the report of the committee of elections.
The notice of an election for electors was no notice of an election for a member of Congress. The electoral election excited little attention, because it was not disputed, and as there was no opposition the people remained at home; how then did this operate as a notice? Those only who attended the election could have been informed! and was the notice to them to be taken as a notice to all? Would a notification of an election for charter officers in any of our towns be deemed a notice of an election for a legislator of the United States, and if not, by what process could the notice in the present case be made to apply? Are the rights of the people to be held by such a tenure as is implied in this doctrine? He trusted not, and he hoped, therefore, that the committee of the whole would not affirm the report of the committee of elections.
Mr. Findley said, that being chairman of the committee of elections it was his duty to give information to the committee of the whole house, of the principles on which that committee made their report; that in order to do this, it was necessary to state in what manner the case was submitted to the committee of elections. This he said was the more necessary, as no election had ever heretofore been contested before Congress on the same principles. No opposing candidate claimed the seat; no unlawful vote was even suggested to have been given; no officer entrusted with conducting the election was charged with error or corruption. There were two points alone therefore on which the decision must rest. One was the constitutional authority of the governor to issue a writ to supply the vacancy that had happened: the other was whether the governor had exercised that authority in an inapt or unjustifiable manner. He said that the committee of elections had not been unanimous in approving of the report, that two had voted against and four for it; that in this case, it not being necessary, he had not given his opinion, but that now when the report was brought before the committee of the whole house, and the case having originated in the state which he represented and with whose laws and practice respecting elections he ought to be acquainted, he claimed indulgence and attention in offering some further explanations on the subject. For this purpose he would examine the constitution as far as it related to the case. In the second section of the first article of the constitution it is said, "when vacancies happen in the representation of any state the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies."
Mr. Findley said, that being chairman of the committee of elections it was his duty to give information to the committee of the whole house, of the principles on which that committee made their report; that in order to do this, it was necessary to state in what manner the case was submitted to the committee of elections. This he said was the more necessary, as no election had ever heretofore been contested before Congress on the same principles. No opposing candidate claimed the seat; no unlawful vote was even suggested to have been given; no officer entrusted with conducting the election was charged with error or corruption. There were two points alone therefore on which the decision must rest. One was the constitutional authority of the governor to issue a writ to supply the vacancy that had happened: the other was whether the governor had exercised that authority in an inapt or unjustifiable manner. He said that the committee of elections had not been unanimous in approving of the report, that two had voted against and four for it; that in this case, it not being necessary, he had not given his opinion, but that now when the report was brought before the committee of the whole house, and the case having originated in the state which he represented and with whose laws and practice respecting elections he ought to be acquainted, he claimed indulgence and attention in offering some further explanations on the subject. For this purpose he would examine the constitution as far as it related to the case. In the second section of the first article of the constitution it is said, "when vacancies happen in the representation of any state the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies."
In the fourth section of the same article it is said, "the times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof, but Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of chusing Senators."
In the fourth section of the same article it is said, "the times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the legislature thereof, but Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of chusing Senators."
Mr. F. said that on these constitutional provisions there was a difference of opinion; that ever since the commencement of the federal government, he had understood the general opinion to be, that the fourth section related solely to the general elections of Senators and Representatives, but not to supplying vacancies that might happen: that the state of Pennsylvania, and several other states, had uniformly acted agreeably to this construction of the constitution; that the state of Pennsylvania had enacted five different congressional election laws, all differing in several principles from each other, three of which he had assisted in preparing, but on all these occasions, though influenced by different parties, there had been but one opinion on this subject, and but one practice. Small as the issuing writs to fill vacancies was left to the discretion of the executive, and he believed, four if not five cases which had happened previous to the present, the practice had been agreeable to this opinion. He said that he did not maintain that his opinion or the
Mr. F. said that on these constitutional provisions there was a difference of opinion; that ever since the commencement of the federal government, he had understood the general opinion to be, that the fourth section related solely to the general elections of Senators and Representatives, but not to supplying vacancies that might happen: that the state of Pennsylvania, and several other states, had uniformly acted agreeably to this construction of the constitution; that the state of Pennsylvania had enacted five different congressional election laws, all differing in several principles from each other, three of which he had assisted in preparing, but on all these occasions, though influenced by different parties, there had been but one opinion on this subject, and but one practice. Small as the issuing writs to fill vacancies was left to the discretion of the executive, and he believed, four if not five cases which had happened previous to the present, the practice had been agreeable to this opinion. He said that he did not maintain that his opinion or the
opinion of the state he represented, on which it had so uniformly acted, decided the true sense of the constitution; but he was still of opinion that it seemed to be the fairest construction, at least in cases where the legislature had not interfered. The executive shall issue writs, is the language of command; it renders the issuing the writ an indispensable duty. The fourth section is equally positive in enjoining on the legislature to appoint the times, places and manner of appointing Senators as of representatives; yet in the third section the executive is authorised to appoint Senators to supply vacancies in the recess of the legislature, and this is done probably to every Congress; but he believed the legislature of no one state had prescribed any rules for supplying vacancies in the Senate, though the constitutional injunction in that case on the executive, is certainly not so positively expressed as with respect to issuing writs to supply vacancies which may happen in the representation. Taking the fourth section of the first article of the constitution literally as it applies to the general elections, it is impossible for the legislature to mention the day on which a vacancy may happen, or consequently to appoint the day on which an election to supply a vacancy should be held, as it can do with the general election, therefore it appears evident that the constitution does not contemplate legislative interference in this case, though it does not restrain the legislature from establishing rules respecting it if they choose to do so.
opinion of the state he represented, on which it had so uniformly acted, decided the true sense of the constitution; but he was still of opinion that it seemed to be the fairest construction, at least in cases where the legislature had not interfered. The executive shall issue writs, is the language of command; it renders the issuing the writ an indispensable duty. The fourth section is equally positive in enjoining on the legislature to appoint the times, places and manner of appointing Senators as of representatives; yet in the third section the executive is authorised to appoint Senators to supply vacancies in the recess of the legislature, and this is done probably to every Congress; but he believed the legislature of no one state had prescribed any rules for supplying vacancies in the Senate, though the constitutional injunction in that case on the executive, is certainly not so positively expressed as with respect to issuing writs to supply vacancies which may happen in the representation. Taking the fourth section of the first article of the constitution literally as it applies to the general elections, it is impossible for the legislature to mention the day on which a vacancy may happen, or consequently to appoint the day on which an election to supply a vacancy should be held, as it can do with the general election, therefore it appears evident that the constitution does not contemplate legislative interference in this case, though it does not restrain the legislature from establishing rules respecting it if they choose to do so.
Mr. F. said, that from a view of the constitutional provisions respecting elections and some other objects, it had been the opinion of many that they were designed calculated to give a latitude to the states to vary their conduct with respect to forms and circumstances, provided the essentials were preserved; on this ground only can the great variety of practice under these rules, and all admitted by Congress, be accounted for. The 1st section of the 2nd article of the constitution directs, that "each state shall appoint in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, &c." From these words Pennsylvania and several other states have always been of opinion, and practiced accordingly, that it was the duty of the state legislature to prescribe the manner or rules agreeably to which the citizens should appoint the electors; but the legislature of New York, and perhaps some other states, have always not only prescribed the rules or manner, but have themselves appointed the electors. This he said was more essential to the rights of the citizens than the case now before the committee, and yet, though universally known had been in every instance admitted by Congress. The rule for the representation in each state has been prescribed by the constitution, yet in many states the representatives are chosen at a general election, in others in single districts, in other states even in Pennsylvania some districts choose three members, some two, and some but one, but all of them may be chosen from any part of the state. Some other states have been divided indeed into single districts and obliged to vote for candidates residing within their respective districts. He said he would not detain the committee with further instances of the various and yet approved practices under the constitution, but hoped that even the members who might be of opinion that Pennsylvania had not given the constitution in the instance in question, the most correct construction, that yet they would duly consider other instances of variety of construction which had hitherto passed not only without objection or complaint, but with approbation.
Mr. F. said, that from a view of the constitutional provisions respecting elections and some other objects, it had been the opinion of many that they were designed calculated to give a latitude to the states to vary their conduct with respect to forms and circumstances, provided the essentials were preserved; on this ground only can the great variety of practice under these rules, and all admitted by Congress, be accounted for. The 1st section of the 2nd article of the constitution directs, that "each state shall appoint in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, &c." From these words Pennsylvania and several other states have always been of opinion, and practiced accordingly, that it was the duty of the state legislature to prescribe the manner or rules agreeably to which the citizens should appoint the electors; but the legislature of New York, and perhaps some other states, have always not only prescribed the rules or manner, but have themselves appointed the electors. This he said was more essential to the rights of the citizens than the case now before the committee, and yet, though universally known had been in every instance admitted by Congress. The rule for the representation in each state has been prescribed by the constitution, yet in many states the representatives are chosen at a general election, in others in single districts, in other states even in Pennsylvania some districts choose three members, some two, and some but one, but all of them may be chosen from any part of the state. Some other states have been divided indeed into single districts and obliged to vote for candidates residing within their respective districts. He said he would not detain the committee with further instances of the various and yet approved practices under the constitution, but hoped that even the members who might be of opinion that Pennsylvania had not given the constitution in the instance in question, the most correct construction, that yet they would duly consider other instances of variety of construction which had hitherto passed not only without objection or complaint, but with approbation.
Mr. F. said, that since this case was referred to the election committee, he had heard the opinion of the constitutional provisions, agreeably to which Pennsylvania had acted, called in question, but never before; that the objections were new to him, but that on examining the laws of different states, he had discovered that the legislatures of two or three states, though they had not literally prescribed the times for holding elections to supply vacancies, yet they had prescribed such rules to the executive in doing so, as answered the same purpose, and thought they did right, but Pennsylvania and some other states had not done so in any instance, and that in no instance before the present had an election been questioned, because the legislature had not appointed these rules. The legislature of Pennsylvania not having prescribed any rules to the executive to regulate his duty in issuing writs to supply vacancies, did not release the governor from the constitutional responsibility of performing a duty so positively and unconditionally enjoined. Hence, Mr. F. concluded, that the election could not be set aside, merely on the account of the legislature not having enacted a law to prescribe the time of holding the election, the governor had acted in obedience to express words of the constitution, and violated no law of the state. Setting aside this election on this ground, would virtually annul all the elections to supply vacancies in Congress that had ever taken place in the state of Pennsylvania and in some other states. By the fourth section of the first article of the constitution, Congress is authorised by law to prescribe the time place, and manner of holding elections, but this must be done by law not by a vote of the House, after an election was over, therefore that answer cannot apply to this case; Congress has passed no such law.
Mr. F. said, that since this case was referred to the election committee, he had heard the opinion of the constitutional provisions, agreeably to which Pennsylvania had acted, called in question, but never before; that the objections were new to him, but that on examining the laws of different states, he had discovered that the legislatures of two or three states, though they had not literally prescribed the times for holding elections to supply vacancies, yet they had prescribed such rules to the executive in doing so, as answered the same purpose, and thought they did right, but Pennsylvania and some other states had not done so in any instance, and that in no instance before the present had an election been questioned, because the legislature had not appointed these rules. The legislature of Pennsylvania not having prescribed any rules to the executive to regulate his duty in issuing writs to supply vacancies, did not release the governor from the constitutional responsibility of performing a duty so positively and unconditionally enjoined. Hence, Mr. F. concluded, that the election could not be set aside, merely on the account of the legislature not having enacted a law to prescribe the time of holding the election, the governor had acted in obedience to express words of the constitution, and violated no law of the state. Setting aside this election on this ground, would virtually annul all the elections to supply vacancies in Congress that had ever taken place in the state of Pennsylvania and in some other states. By the fourth section of the first article of the constitution, Congress is authorised by law to prescribe the time place, and manner of holding elections, but this must be done by law not by a vote of the House, after an election was over, therefore that answer cannot apply to this case; Congress has passed no such law.
Mr. F. said, if the report of the committee was rejected, it must be on other ground than this—It could not be because the Executive exercised his constitutional discretion, but because he had exercised it in a corrupt, or in an indirect or improper manner as to violate the election. This was a fair subject of enquiry, on which there might, and probably would, be a difference of opinion, and with respect to which he admitted the propriety of several of the objections made by his colleague, who had just gone down (D. Leib). The governor, it appears, issued the writ immediately on the resignation of William Hoge coming to hand. He directed the election to be held on the same day as the general election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President. The writ, it appears, by one day in the prothonotary's office before it was proclaimed, the sheriff and prothonotary being from home. The notice after proclamation before the election was only a part of three days, and not sufficient time for the citizens to be informed of it at their homes, notwithstanding that it is the smallest district in the state, but those who did attend at their respective districts to vote for electors were actually informed by persons sent for the purpose. That this was the case was proposed to the committee to be proved by the sitting member, but that fact appearing to be admitted by the petitioners, such proof was thought unnecessary.
Mr. F. said, if the report of the committee was rejected, it must be on other ground than this—It could not be because the Executive exercised his constitutional discretion, but because he had exercised it in a corrupt, or in an indirect or improper manner as to violate the election. This was a fair subject of enquiry, on which there might, and probably would, be a difference of opinion, and with respect to which he admitted the propriety of several of the objections made by his colleague, who had just gone down (D. Leib). The governor, it appears, issued the writ immediately on the resignation of William Hoge coming to hand. He directed the election to be held on the same day as the general election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President. The writ, it appears, by one day in the prothonotary's office before it was proclaimed, the sheriff and prothonotary being from home. The notice after proclamation before the election was only a part of three days, and not sufficient time for the citizens to be informed of it at their homes, notwithstanding that it is the smallest district in the state, but those who did attend at their respective districts to vote for electors were actually informed by persons sent for the purpose. That this was the case was proposed to the committee to be proved by the sitting member, but that fact appearing to be admitted by the petitioners, such proof was thought unnecessary.

appeared probable to the committee that the district at the seat of justice at which the governor's writ first arrived, had the advantage of earlier information than other districts; but this was accidental, and as the prothonotary to whose office the writ came and was opened, and the sheriff, &c. were opposed to the election of the sitting member, they had at least an equal advantage of the earliest notice, and those most zealous for the electoral ticket were not supposed to be his friends. Partial or fraudulent intention is not complained of by the petitioners; they are indeed few in number, and appear to have all had the earliest notice; there is no petition from any citizens complaining that they themselves were deprived of their vote for want of notice. The electors for the choice of electors was not so numerous as was reasonably expected, but if the governor had given the ten days notice directed by law, for filling vacancies in the state legislature, and claimed by the petitioners, this would have happened in about a week after the other; respecting which the probability justified by all experience in Pennsylvania is, that it would have been till less numerous. This appears to have been the governor's opinion; it was also the opinion of several of his colleagues from the eastern parts of the state, who had been and been informed by the governor that he had issued the writ, and who had first informed himself that it had been so issued. They, and all his other colleagues with whom he had conferred on the subject, understood approved of the governor's conduct till they heard of the result of the election, and there was no proof before the committee that the shortness of the notice operated in favour of the sitting member more than the other candidate. All the votes given for both candidates agreed in voting for the same electors, notwithstanding that there was little time for concert. On the whole, Mr. F. concluded, that as the issue of the election had occasioned exceptions to be taken to the shortness of the notice, he wished that longer notice had been given, though he had approved of issuing the writ; but as it was conducted under an authority vested by the constitution, on the same principle which had been always acted on in Pennsylvania and several other states, and never heretofore objected to by Congress, which was the only competent judge in the case, and as no corrupt intention or abuse was complained of, he thought it his duty to vote in favor of the report of the committee of elections. If the election was set aside till a law would be passed to prescribe the time, probably the district would not be represented this session, which he thought an argument of weight, but of little importance compared with deciding the principle; in doing which, if the report of the committee of elections was rejected, the decision might virtually vacate the seats of other members, and would condemn all the elections heretofore made in Pennsylvania and some other states, to supply vacancies in the house of representatives.
appeared probable to the committee that the district at the seat of justice at which the governor's writ first arrived, had the advantage of earlier information than other districts; but this was accidental, and as the prothonotary to whose office the writ came and was opened, and the sheriff, &c. were opposed to the election of the sitting member, they had at least an equal advantage of the earliest notice, and those most zealous for the electoral ticket were not supposed to be his friends. Partial or fraudulent intention is not complained of by the petitioners; they are indeed few in number, and appear to have all had the earliest notice; there is no petition from any citizens complaining that they themselves were deprived of their vote for want of notice. The electors for the choice of electors was not so numerous as was reasonably expected, but if the governor had given the ten days notice directed by law, for filling vacancies in the state legislature, and claimed by the petitioners, this would have happened in about a week after the other; respecting which the probability justified by all experience in Pennsylvania is, that it would have been till less numerous. This appears to have been the governor's opinion; it was also the opinion of several of his colleagues from the eastern parts of the state, who had been and been informed by the governor that he had issued the writ, and who had first informed himself that it had been so issued. They, and all his other colleagues with whom he had conferred on the subject, understood approved of the governor's conduct till they heard of the result of the election, and there was no proof before the committee that the shortness of the notice operated in favour of the sitting member more than the other candidate. All the votes given for both candidates agreed in voting for the same electors, notwithstanding that there was little time for concert. On the whole, Mr. F. concluded, that as the issue of the election had occasioned exceptions to be taken to the shortness of the notice, he wished that longer notice had been given, though he had approved of issuing the writ; but as it was conducted under an authority vested by the constitution, on the same principle which had been always acted on in Pennsylvania and several other states, and never heretofore objected to by Congress, which was the only competent judge in the case, and as no corrupt intention or abuse was complained of, he thought it his duty to vote in favor of the report of the committee of elections. If the election was set aside till a law would be passed to prescribe the time, probably the district would not be represented this session, which he thought an argument of weight, but of little importance compared with deciding the principle; in doing which, if the report of the committee of elections was rejected, the decision might virtually vacate the seats of other members, and would condemn all the elections heretofore made in Pennsylvania and some other states, to supply vacancies in the house of representatives.
Mr. F. Clay could not agree with the Committee of Elections in the opinion that there was no law in Pennsylvania regulating the place and manner of holding special elections for members of Congress to supply any vacancy which might occur in the representation from the state; by turning to the law respecting general elections he found that members of Congress were to be chosen by the inhabitants qualified to vote for the most numerous branch of the state legislature, and that those elections were to be held at the same places, conducted in the same manner, and by the same officers as the elections for members of assembly. In cases of general elections therefore there could be no difference of opinion, and as these were to be governed in both cases by the same rules, it was fair to infer that special elections for representatives to Congress were to be conducted in the same manner as special elections to fill vacancies in the legislature of the state. By the laws of Pennsylvania it appears that in cases of vacancy in the representation of any county, the Speaker is to issue a writ at least fifteen days before an election can be held, and the sheriff of the county must make proclamation and give at least ten days notice to the people. The reason of the law was evident, it was intended to prevent the people from being surprised, and to give them time to look round for suitable persons, to represent them. If the reason was good as it applied to the state representatives, who were all chosen in single counties, it was more so as it applied to representatives in Congress who are chosen in districts composed in some instances of three or more counties. He therefore was of opinion that they should be governed by the same law. The committee had however been told by his colleague (Mr. Findley) that the legislature never intended to make any law on the subject, that they conceived that they had no power, that the constitution of the United States by saying that in case of vacancy in the representation of any state, the executive thereof should issue a writ of election to fill such vacancy was imperative, and by making it the duty of the governor to issue such writ gave him the sole power of regulating the time, manner and place, of holding the election, and precluded all legislative interference. We were not to judge of the law by the alleged intention of the legislature, if they had mistaken their own powers or the powers of the executive, their mistake was not to govern the decisions of Congress. All we had to do was to enquire whether there was a law, whether that law applied to the case, and whether its provisions had been complied with. But he could not suppose that the assembly had so far misconceived the constitution. By the fourth section of the first article of that instrument the state legislatures are empowered to regulate the time, place and manner, of holding elections for Senators and representatives to Congress. This power was not confined to general elections, but must necessarily extend to elections to fill vacancies. It was true that in special cases they could not direct the precise time, but they might prescribe the notice which should be given, and that we be told that because the very day cannot be named, the number of days which shall intervene between the proclamation of the sheriff and the election shall not be fixed by law? The notice is part of the manner; and the legislature tho' they cannot fix the time may fix, and have fixed the places and manner. It is true the executive is compelled by the second section of the first article of the constitution to issue a writ of election to supply a vacancy, but this writ he contended was merely a notification. It gave no power, no direction. If the governor had a discretion it might extend to the place and manner. The north-west district of the state is very extensive and under this discretion the governor might to direct an election that in case of vacancy the town of Pittsburgh alone might be notified and would alone vote for the member to supply that vacancy. But the case of a choice of a Senator during the recess of the legislature had been referred to as analogous to that of representatives. If the Senators were chosen by the people the case would be in point. Senators when vacancies happen during the recess of the legislature are chosen by the executive, and therefore there was no necessity for the legislature to prescribe either the time, place or manner, as it would be absurd to suppose that the governor should notify himself, or change his re-
Mr. F. Clay could not agree with the Committee of Elections in the opinion that there was no law in Pennsylvania regulating the place and manner of holding special elections for members of Congress to supply any vacancy which might occur in the representation from the state; by turning to the law respecting general elections he found that members of Congress were to be chosen by the inhabitants qualified to vote for the most numerous branch of the state legislature, and that those elections were to be held at the same places, conducted in the same manner, and by the same officers as the elections for members of assembly. In cases of general elections therefore there could be no difference of opinion, and as these were to be governed in both cases by the same rules, it was fair to infer that special elections for representatives to Congress were to be conducted in the same manner as special elections to fill vacancies in the legislature of the state. By the laws of Pennsylvania it appears that in cases of vacancy in the representation of any county, the Speaker is to issue a writ at least fifteen days before an election can be held, and the sheriff of the county must make proclamation and give at least ten days notice to the people. The reason of the law was evident, it was intended to prevent the people from being surprised, and to give them time to look round for suitable persons, to represent them. If the reason was good as it applied to the state representatives, who were all chosen in single counties, it was more so as it applied to representatives in Congress who are chosen in districts composed in some instances of three or more counties. He therefore was of opinion that they should be governed by the same law. The committee had however been told by his colleague (Mr. Findley) that the legislature never intended to make any law on the subject, that they conceived that they had no power, that the constitution of the United States by saying that in case of vacancy in the representation of any state, the executive thereof should issue a writ of election to fill such vacancy was imperative, and by making it the duty of the governor to issue such writ gave him the sole power of regulating the time, manner and place, of holding the election, and precluded all legislative interference. We were not to judge of the law by the alleged intention of the legislature, if they had mistaken their own powers or the powers of the executive, their mistake was not to govern the decisions of Congress. All we had to do was to enquire whether there was a law, whether that law applied to the case, and whether its provisions had been complied with. But he could not suppose that the assembly had so far misconceived the constitution. By the fourth section of the first article of that instrument the state legislatures are empowered to regulate the time, place and manner, of holding elections for Senators and representatives to Congress. This power was not confined to general elections, but must necessarily extend to elections to fill vacancies. It was true that in special cases they could not direct the precise time, but they might prescribe the notice which should be given, and that we be told that because the very day cannot be named, the number of days which shall intervene between the proclamation of the sheriff and the election shall not be fixed by law? The notice is part of the manner; and the legislature tho' they cannot fix the time may fix, and have fixed the places and manner. It is true the executive is compelled by the second section of the first article of the constitution to issue a writ of election to supply a vacancy, but this writ he contended was merely a notification. It gave no power, no direction. If the governor had a discretion it might extend to the place and manner. The north-west district of the state is very extensive and under this discretion the governor might to direct an election that in case of vacancy the town of Pittsburgh alone might be notified and would alone vote for the member to supply that vacancy. But the case of a choice of a Senator during the recess of the legislature had been referred to as analogous to that of representatives. If the Senators were chosen by the people the case would be in point. Senators when vacancies happen during the recess of the legislature are chosen by the executive, and therefore there was no necessity for the legislature to prescribe either the time, place or manner, as it would be absurd to suppose that the governor should notify himself, or change his re-
turns in order to make an appointment: would it be argued that it was therefore unnecessary to give the people due notice of an election for representatives? Surely not. But said Mr. Clay, the governor has himself recognized the law in the very writ; were not the same officers appointed to conduct this election as were appointed to conduct the general election? Were not the ballots given in the same manner, counted by the same persons, and returned by the same judges? Whence did they derive their authority but from the law? and the law ought to have been complied with in every other respect. It is true an election was to be held throughout Pennsylvania for electors of President and Vice President; the governor actuated by the most laudable motives, in order to save the county of Washington the expense of a special election, directed that a member of Congress should be chosen on the same day to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. Hoge. But the committee would recollect that although the people knew that electors were to be appointed they did not know they could not know of the intended choice of a Representative. In Pennsylvania, the people do not as in some of the southern states, all meet at one place in the county to give their votes. Now, each county is divided into a number of districts in each of which an election is held, so that no person has more than a few miles to go to the poll. The county of Washington is divided into six or eight of these districts. The sheriff's proclamation was issued on the first day of November and the election was held on the second. Although the people of the town of Washington and its immediate neighbourhood might receive due notice, it was impossible that those who resided and voted in the remote part of the county should. Indeed it was evident that they did not. An election for electors was held on the same day. It was generally known that no opposition was intended, and the people were therefore less anxious about the result. The electors were chosen by a general ticket throughout the state, the votes of any one county were therefore deemed of comparatively little importance; this was not the case however with a representative in Congress. The county of Washington forms a district for the choice of one member, the people of that county not having the co-operation of any other part of the state, necessarily depended for success upon their own vigilance and exertions. Yet what was the result? the bare majority given for electors exceeded the whole number of votes given both for the sitting member and for the rival candidate. It was therefore evident that the people had not notice sufficient of the congressional election. Mr. C. did not mean to impeach the motives of the governor; on the contrary he thought them praiseworthy; but substance ought not to be sacrificed to form. The object of elections was that the majority of the people might have an opportunity of giving their fair and unbiased suffrages, in the choice of persons to represent them, and if through any mistaken constructions, however pure might be the intentions of the executive or of the legislature, this object was defeated in an election, it was a manifest violation of the rights of the people and ought not to be confirmed. This opportunity was not given in the present instance or the sitting member would not have been returned. Conceiving this to be the case and believing that the people had not that notice which by law they ought to have had, he considered the election void and should vote against the report of the committee.
turns in order to make an appointment: would it be argued that it was therefore unnecessary to give the people due notice of an election for representatives? Surely not. But said Mr. Clay, the governor has himself recognized the law in the very writ; were not the same officers appointed to conduct this election as were appointed to conduct the general election? Were not the ballots given in the same manner, counted by the same persons, and returned by the same judges? Whence did they derive their authority but from the law? and the law ought to have been complied with in every other respect. It is true an election was to be held throughout Pennsylvania for electors of President and Vice President; the governor actuated by the most laudable motives, in order to save the county of Washington the expense of a special election, directed that a member of Congress should be chosen on the same day to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. Hoge. But the committee would recollect that although the people knew that electors were to be appointed they did not know they could not know of the intended choice of a Representative. In Pennsylvania, the people do not as in some of the southern states, all meet at one place in the county to give their votes. Now, each county is divided into a number of districts in each of which an election is held, so that no person has more than a few miles to go to the poll. The county of Washington is divided into six or eight of these districts. The sheriff's proclamation was issued on the first day of November and the election was held on the second. Although the people of the town of Washington and its immediate neighbourhood might receive due notice, it was impossible that those who resided and voted in the remote part of the county should. Indeed it was evident that they did not. An election for electors was held on the same day. It was generally known that no opposition was intended, and the people were therefore less anxious about the result. The electors were chosen by a general ticket throughout the state, the votes of any one county were therefore deemed of comparatively little importance; this was not the case however with a representative in Congress. The county of Washington forms a district for the choice of one member, the people of that county not having the co-operation of any other part of the state, necessarily depended for success upon their own vigilance and exertions. Yet what was the result? the bare majority given for electors exceeded the whole number of votes given both for the sitting member and for the rival candidate. It was therefore evident that the people had not notice sufficient of the congressional election. Mr. C. did not mean to impeach the motives of the governor; on the contrary he thought them praiseworthy; but substance ought not to be sacrificed to form. The object of elections was that the majority of the people might have an opportunity of giving their fair and unbiased suffrages, in the choice of persons to represent them, and if through any mistaken constructions, however pure might be the intentions of the executive or of the legislature, this object was defeated in an election, it was a manifest violation of the rights of the people and ought not to be confirmed. This opportunity was not given in the present instance or the sitting member would not have been returned. Conceiving this to be the case and believing that the people had not that notice which by law they ought to have had, he considered the election void and should vote against the report of the committee.
Mr. Findley, said, if the subject before the committee of the whole was an election law he would cheerfully subscribe to many of his colleague's (Mr. Clay's) observations. He admitted that Congress had a constitutional authority to make laws which would prescribe rules to regulate the exercise of the executive discretion in issuing writs to supply vacancies, but neither Congress nor the state legislature have made such laws, but left it in the hands of the executive who is under an unconditional constitutional obligation to issue such writs, and who in Pennsylvania and other states always has done so, and the returns of elections on these writs have in all cases passed the decision of the committee of elections, and received the approbation of Congress. Therefore, as he had said before, the question turned more properly on the different or proper use of the executive discretion than the right of exercising it.
Mr. Findley, said, if the subject before the committee of the whole was an election law he would cheerfully subscribe to many of his colleague's (Mr. Clay's) observations. He admitted that Congress had a constitutional authority to make laws which would prescribe rules to regulate the exercise of the executive discretion in issuing writs to supply vacancies, but neither Congress nor the state legislature have made such laws, but left it in the hands of the executive who is under an unconditional constitutional obligation to issue such writs, and who in Pennsylvania and other states always has done so, and the returns of elections on these writs have in all cases passed the decision of the committee of elections, and received the approbation of Congress. Therefore, as he had said before, the question turned more properly on the different or proper use of the executive discretion than the right of exercising it.
In order to prove that the governor in the case before us had acted indirectly, Mr. F. said his colleague had observed now unreasonably it would have been for the governor to have issued a writ with such short notice to a district which he had named, & which consists of three counties & sends two members. The petitioners themselves argue from the extent of the Allegheny district which contains 8 counties thinly settled, and is spread over an extent of territory larger than some whole states. He thought it unfair to argue, that because the governor gave such short notice to the least extensive and least numerous district in the state, a district consisting of one thickly settled county, and which had a representative for less than 30,000 inhabitants, and to correspond with another very important general election, the day on which it was to be held had been so long proclaimed that every man knew it, to charge the governor with indifference equal to what it would have been, had he given but the same notice to the most extensive and sparsely settled districts at a time when no general election made it the duty of the citizens to be present on the election ground, was improper. As it was the governor's conduct, and that only, that was called in question in this case, it was proper to observe that though his colleague was justified in saying they had but one day's official notice, yet in fact they had had a part of two other days, and the writ having laid one day open in the Prothonotary's office, as was understood before it was proclaimed, through the absence of the sheriff, was not the fault of the governor. If the governor had done wrong he did not wish to extenuate his offence, but he thought it improper to magnify the charge by supposed cases so essentially different.
In order to prove that the governor in the case before us had acted indirectly, Mr. F. said his colleague had observed now unreasonably it would have been for the governor to have issued a writ with such short notice to a district which he had named, & which consists of three counties & sends two members. The petitioners themselves argue from the extent of the Allegheny district which contains 8 counties thinly settled, and is spread over an extent of territory larger than some whole states. He thought it unfair to argue, that because the governor gave such short notice to the least extensive and least numerous district in the state, a district consisting of one thickly settled county, and which had a representative for less than 30,000 inhabitants, and to correspond with another very important general election, the day on which it was to be held had been so long proclaimed that every man knew it, to charge the governor with indifference equal to what it would have been, had he given but the same notice to the most extensive and sparsely settled districts at a time when no general election made it the duty of the citizens to be present on the election ground, was improper. As it was the governor's conduct, and that only, that was called in question in this case, it was proper to observe that though his colleague was justified in saying they had but one day's official notice, yet in fact they had had a part of two other days, and the writ having laid one day open in the Prothonotary's office, as was understood before it was proclaimed, through the absence of the sheriff, was not the fault of the governor. If the governor had done wrong he did not wish to extenuate his offence, but he thought it improper to magnify the charge by supposed cases so essentially different.
Mr. F. observed that his colleague (Mr. Clay) had maintained that the general Congressional election law of Pennsylvania applied also to the case of filling vacancies, & that it made it the duty of the governor to give 30 days notice before the election. If the gentleman would examine that law he would find this opinion incorrect; it did not make it the duty of the governor to give any notice. This duty was enjoined on the sheriff of each county. The sheriffs are enjoined to give thirty days notice and were allowed thirty days after the election to make their returns; after the returns were lodged in the secretary's office, it was made the duty of the governor by proclamation to give public notice to the members elected and to transmit the returns to the Speaker of the House of representatives in Congress. The governor was not authorized by the constitution or the laws of Pennsylvania, to issue a writ for holding any election whatever. The authority of the governor in the case in question, was solely derived from the constitution of the United States. This law could not be applied to elections to fill vacancies without absurdity. The sheriff has sixty days for giving the public notice and making the returns, adding to this a reasonable time for the governor to make pro-
Mr. F. observed that his colleague (Mr. Clay) had maintained that the general Congressional election law of Pennsylvania applied also to the case of filling vacancies, & that it made it the duty of the governor to give 30 days notice before the election. If the gentleman would examine that law he would find this opinion incorrect; it did not make it the duty of the governor to give any notice. This duty was enjoined on the sheriff of each county. The sheriffs are enjoined to give thirty days notice and were allowed thirty days after the election to make their returns; after the returns were lodged in the secretary's office, it was made the duty of the governor by proclamation to give public notice to the members elected and to transmit the returns to the Speaker of the House of representatives in Congress. The governor was not authorized by the constitution or the laws of Pennsylvania, to issue a writ for holding any election whatever. The authority of the governor in the case in question, was solely derived from the constitution of the United States. This law could not be applied to elections to fill vacancies without absurdity. The sheriff has sixty days for giving the public notice and making the returns, adding to this a reasonable time for the governor to make pro-
clamation, and the candidate at a distant part of the state before he could go to Congress, in most cases the fashion would be over before the vacancy could be filled. The petitioners themselves argue much more reasonably when they apply the law for filling vacancies in the state legislature to this case; this law makes it the duty of the sheriff to give ten days notice after he receives the writ from the speaker of the house, but commands the speaker of the respective houses in all cases, when the houses are not in session to direct the vacancy to be filled at general election. This is a reasonable law for the purpose, but prohibits no duty to the governor, nor is binding on him, yet the executives have always acted as nearly to it in filling vacancies in Congress, as circumstances would permit, and in this case, it was only varied agreeably to the spirit of that law in favor of the publicity of the day on which an important general election was to be held; but supposing the obligation of the general election law on the executive in this case, the election officers having done their duty, is urged as a proof either that the general election law applied to this case, or that the election is void, because it was not conducted by officers authorized for the purpose. A brief explanation will remove the force of this argument.
clamation, and the candidate at a distant part of the state before he could go to Congress, in most cases the fashion would be over before the vacancy could be filled. The petitioners themselves argue much more reasonably when they apply the law for filling vacancies in the state legislature to this case; this law makes it the duty of the sheriff to give ten days notice after he receives the writ from the speaker of the house, but commands the speaker of the respective houses in all cases, when the houses are not in session to direct the vacancy to be filled at general election. This is a reasonable law for the purpose, but prohibits no duty to the governor, nor is binding on him, yet the executives have always acted as nearly to it in filling vacancies in Congress, as circumstances would permit, and in this case, it was only varied agreeably to the spirit of that law in favor of the publicity of the day on which an important general election was to be held; but supposing the obligation of the general election law on the executive in this case, the election officers having done their duty, is urged as a proof either that the general election law applied to this case, or that the election is void, because it was not conducted by officers authorized for the purpose. A brief explanation will remove the force of this argument.
By the laws of Pennsylvania the election officers appointed annually for the election held on the second Tuesday of October, are to discharge the duties of their respective trusts, at all elections by the citizens for national purposes throughout the year. The constitution of Pennsylvania prescribes the manner that citizens shall vote, by ballot &c. The laws of Pennsylvania institute the election officers and prescribe their duty. The constitution of the state and of the United States, and the laws of the state declare the officer that shall be voted for; if the election officer; conduct elections for officers not instituted by any of these authorities it is void, otherwise it is valid. It will not be said that an election to fill vacancies in Congress, is not authorized by the constitution of the United States, or that the governor's writ did not sufficiently authorize the election officers.
By the laws of Pennsylvania the election officers appointed annually for the election held on the second Tuesday of October, are to discharge the duties of their respective trusts, at all elections by the citizens for national purposes throughout the year. The constitution of Pennsylvania prescribes the manner that citizens shall vote, by ballot &c. The laws of Pennsylvania institute the election officers and prescribe their duty. The constitution of the state and of the United States, and the laws of the state declare the officer that shall be voted for; if the election officer; conduct elections for officers not instituted by any of these authorities it is void, otherwise it is valid. It will not be said that an election to fill vacancies in Congress, is not authorized by the constitution of the United States, or that the governor's writ did not sufficiently authorize the election officers.
Foreign Intelligence.
Foreign Intelligence.
Continued, from London papers to the 22nd of October, received at the office of the N. Y. Mercantile Advertiser.
Continued, from London papers to the 22nd of October, received at the office of the N. Y. Mercantile Advertiser.
LONDON, October 19.
LONDON, October 19.
The Russians are now involved in a war with the Persians, respecting which some long and interesting details have been published in the Petersburg Gazette.
The Russians are now involved in a war with the Persians, respecting which some long and interesting details have been published in the Petersburg Gazette.
Letters from St. Petersburg give an account of a great victory obtained by the Russians over the Persians.
Letters from St. Petersburg give an account of a great victory obtained by the Russians over the Persians.
The Hague Courant contains the following article, dated Verdun, Sept. 26. "Our town continues to be the place of detention of the English. We count here between six and seven hundred, four hundred of whom were detained here as hostages at the beginning of the present war; the others are prisoners of war. Among these last, eighty are officers of the English navy. The number of British prisoners will be much augmented here, as the minister of the war department has ordered every British subject, without exception, and notwithstanding former permissions to reside in other places, to be brought to this town. This severity is caused by the escape of sir James Crauford. A detachment of the 81st Regiment is already arrived here from Valenciennes. Another English gentleman made, with the assistance of some persons here, an attempt to escape. He was stopped at Longway, and is now returned here—his guides are arrested."
The Hague Courant contains the following article, dated Verdun, Sept. 26. "Our town continues to be the place of detention of the English. We count here between six and seven hundred, four hundred of whom were detained here as hostages at the beginning of the present war; the others are prisoners of war. Among these last, eighty are officers of the English navy. The number of British prisoners will be much augmented here, as the minister of the war department has ordered every British subject, without exception, and notwithstanding former permissions to reside in other places, to be brought to this town. This severity is caused by the escape of sir James Crauford. A detachment of the 81st Regiment is already arrived here from Valenciennes. Another English gentleman made, with the assistance of some persons here, an attempt to escape. He was stopped at Longway, and is now returned here—his guides are arrested."
"Among the persons here, are Mr. Fagan, who has an income of seven to eight hundred thousand livres in the year; lord Yarmouth; Mr. Nichols, the father, member of the opposition party in the house of commons; Col. Uff, a friend to the prince of Wales; commodore Gerald Bringtown, Capt. of the Minerva; Graham, a well informed English priest; Gower, Capt. of the Shannon frigate; Abercrombie, Col. of the 5th regiment of foot, son of the general killed in Egypt; lord Hamilton, a descendant of the man of letters of the same name; the son of the famous Tindal, who is colonel."
"Among the persons here, are Mr. Fagan, who has an income of seven to eight hundred thousand livres in the year; lord Yarmouth; Mr. Nichols, the father, member of the opposition party in the house of commons; Col. Uff, a friend to the prince of Wales; commodore Gerald Bringtown, Capt. of the Minerva; Graham, a well informed English priest; Gower, Capt. of the Shannon frigate; Abercrombie, Col. of the 5th regiment of foot, son of the general killed in Egypt; lord Hamilton, a descendant of the man of letters of the same name; the son of the famous Tindal, who is colonel."
"Two persons have obtained their liberty. viz. Walter Boyd, the banker in London, who, during the last war, advanced money to the French prisoners in England; and Charles Forbes, an able painter, very rich, but advanced in years."
"Two persons have obtained their liberty. viz. Walter Boyd, the banker in London, who, during the last war, advanced money to the French prisoners in England; and Charles Forbes, an able painter, very rich, but advanced in years."
"Several of the English occupy their whole time with study; others learn to fence, and others again have formed clubs in the manner of their own country, where they assemble to eat, drink, give toasts, &c."
"Several of the English occupy their whole time with study; others learn to fence, and others again have formed clubs in the manner of their own country, where they assemble to eat, drink, give toasts, &c."
"The late capture of the Spanish frigates, laden with treasure, has infused lively hopes among our sailors, of being able to touch a little more of the Spanish."
"The late capture of the Spanish frigates, laden with treasure, has infused lively hopes among our sailors, of being able to touch a little more of the Spanish."
"Six Cardinals are named by the Pope to accompany his holiness to France; but we fear there is not a Cardinal Virtue among the whole number chosen."
"Six Cardinals are named by the Pope to accompany his holiness to France; but we fear there is not a Cardinal Virtue among the whole number chosen."
PLYMOUTH, Oct. 17.
PLYMOUTH, Oct. 17.
The Hibernia, 120 guns, the Pallas, 88, and the Circe, 88, now building in this dock yard, are reported as ready for launching; and by the number of gangs lately put on these ships, it is supposed they will be off the stocks all together on the 17th of Nov. next, being full moon, and the highest spring tide for that month. This will be a phenomenon in the era of Plymouth dock-yard, or indeed any other dock-yard in the Kingdom, of launching a ship of such an immense fabric as the Hibernia, and two frigates of the larger class, at the same moment of time, from different slips. It will be a proud and glorious sight if the weather should be favorable for their launching.
The Hibernia, 120 guns, the Pallas, 88, and the Circe, 88, now building in this dock yard, are reported as ready for launching; and by the number of gangs lately put on these ships, it is supposed they will be off the stocks all together on the 17th of Nov. next, being full moon, and the highest spring tide for that month. This will be a phenomenon in the era of Plymouth dock-yard, or indeed any other dock-yard in the Kingdom, of launching a ship of such an immense fabric as the Hibernia, and two frigates of the larger class, at the same moment of time, from different slips. It will be a proud and glorious sight if the weather should be favorable for their launching.
THE IRON MASK.
THE IRON MASK.
The history of the man with the iron mask, and of whom so much has already been said
The history of the man with the iron mask, and of whom so much has already been said
written, will soon be augmented with a new chapter. A person, who thinks himself able to explain this mystery in a more satisfactory manner, is preparing to publish his conjectures. He pretends to know from a letter of Louis XVI. that this prince was unacquainted with the secret who that unfortunate person really was who lived and died with an iron mask over his face. It is known that one of the suppositions which has obtained most credit, is that he was the count de la Vermandois, natural son of Louis XIV. by the dutchess de la Valliere. That the motive to this extreme rigour was an act of brutality of count de Vermandois towards the dauphin. But that the count was publicly buried, it is supposed that the funeral ceremonies performed for him, were merely means to mislead the historians of that time, and that a log of wood was buried in his place. It is the verification of his coffin, and what it contains, which is the object of the above mentioned letter of Louis XVI. now in the hands of a member of the national institute. The king ordered the bishop of Arras to open the coffin, and to take a procès verbal of its contents, and to send it to his majesty. Louis XVI. consequently did not know anything certain on this subject. This letter will be deposited in the imperial library, as an historical record, where every one may see and read its contents. It is said, that after the public has been acquainted with the new explanation ready to appear, the man of the iron mask will cease to inspire the same interest as he has hitherto done.— Gazette de France.
written, will soon be augmented with a new chapter. A person, who thinks himself able to explain this mystery in a more satisfactory manner, is preparing to publish his conjectures. He pretends to know from a letter of Louis XVI. that this prince was unacquainted with the secret who that unfortunate person really was who lived and died with an iron mask over his face. It is known that one of the suppositions which has obtained most credit, is that he was the count de la Vermandois, natural son of Louis XIV. by the dutchess de la Valliere. That the motive to this extreme rigour was an act of brutality of count de Vermandois towards the dauphin. But that the count was publicly buried, it is supposed that the funeral ceremonies performed for him, were merely means to mislead the historians of that time, and that a log of wood was buried in his place. It is the verification of his coffin, and what it contains, which is the object of the above mentioned letter of Louis XVI. now in the hands of a member of the national institute. The king ordered the bishop of Arras to open the coffin, and to take a procès verbal of its contents, and to send it to his majesty. Louis XVI. consequently did not know anything certain on this subject. This letter will be deposited in the imperial library, as an historical record, where every one may see and read its contents. It is said, that after the public has been acquainted with the new explanation ready to appear, the man of the iron mask will cease to inspire the same interest as he has hitherto done.— Gazette de France.
The public is now about to be plagued with the hundredth supposition concerning the man in the iron mask, in consequence of a letter which Louis XVI. wrote to the bishop of Arras, to have the coffin of the count de Vermandois verified, and which was found to contain the bones or ashes of some dead person of the age in which the count died. That Louis XVI. should be ignorant of what was known to his ancestors, and even to the courtiers and writers of his own times is totally improbable. Both the late dukes of Richelieu and Voltaire were acquainted with the name, birth, and rank of the person known under the name of the man with the iron mask, though in fact, this mask was of velvet with iron springs. The particulars of this person are now no longer mysterious, since a manuscript copy in Voltaire's own hand writing, is in the hands of his niece, Madame De Villette, explaining the whole, and which with other unedited manuscripts of that great philosopher, are bequeathed by her to a literary friend, on condition of not being printed before ten years after her death. Many persons have, however, been permitted to peruse it; and we can assure our readers, upon the most authentic documents, that the man with the iron mask was the son of the queen dowager of Louis XIII. and the mother of Louis XIV. by Cardinal Mazarin, to whom she was privately married, and that he was born in the palace royal, at Paris, 1648. It is well known that Mazarin, though a cardinal, had not taken priest's orders, and that Louis XVI. always treated him with the same respect and regard as if he had been his parent.
The public is now about to be plagued with the hundredth supposition concerning the man in the iron mask, in consequence of a letter which Louis XVI. wrote to the bishop of Arras, to have the coffin of the count de Vermandois verified, and which was found to contain the bones or ashes of some dead person of the age in which the count died. That Louis XVI. should be ignorant of what was known to his ancestors, and even to the courtiers and writers of his own times is totally improbable. Both the late dukes of Richelieu and Voltaire were acquainted with the name, birth, and rank of the person known under the name of the man with the iron mask, though in fact, this mask was of velvet with iron springs. The particulars of this person are now no longer mysterious, since a manuscript copy in Voltaire's own hand writing, is in the hands of his niece, Madame De Villette, explaining the whole, and which with other unedited manuscripts of that great philosopher, are bequeathed by her to a literary friend, on condition of not being printed before ten years after her death. Many persons have, however, been permitted to peruse it; and we can assure our readers, upon the most authentic documents, that the man with the iron mask was the son of the queen dowager of Louis XIII. and the mother of Louis XIV. by Cardinal Mazarin, to whom she was privately married, and that he was born in the palace royal, at Paris, 1648. It is well known that Mazarin, though a cardinal, had not taken priest's orders, and that Louis XVI. always treated him with the same respect and regard as if he had been his parent.
Domestic Intelligence.
Domestic Intelligence.
INTERNAL COMMUNICATION!
INTERNAL COMMUNICATION!
[In a Pittsburgh paper of Dec. 15th, the following route has been recommended as the best possible communication between the city of Washington, and some convenient point on the Ohio river.]
[In a Pittsburgh paper of Dec. 15th, the following route has been recommended as the best possible communication between the city of Washington, and some convenient point on the Ohio river.]
It must be sufficiently evident to all who are attentive to the geography of the country, and general objects of such a road, that the most eligible track will be to cross or touch the Potomac, at or near Cumberland. Thence by Union town to the Monongahela, at or near Redstone. Thence by Washington to the Ohio, at Charleston or Steubenville. Amongst the great variety of commanding reasons in favor of this route, may be mentioned the following. In the first course it will combine the proper and convenient alternative of land or water conveyance, from the extreme navigation of the Potomac to the Metropolis; a distance of about two hundred miles. In the next course it will cross the mountains, in the shortest distance to be found, and connect at the nearest, most convenient point, with the immense navigation of the western waters; in a land carriage of about fifty miles. Add to this, the certain prospect that this course will be artificially prepared by the states of Pennsylvania and Maryland; a coincidence which will greatly enhance the general benefits and at the same time diminish the relative expense. The third course, proceeding from Redstone, as nearly as may be conjectured, in a straight line with the former, unites also the convenience of land and water carriage to Charleston: in a distance of less than 50 miles by land, and about 100 by water. The obvious and decided preference of this last course may be noted in the following circumstances.
It must be sufficiently evident to all who are attentive to the geography of the country, and general objects of such a road, that the most eligible track will be to cross or touch the Potomac, at or near Cumberland. Thence by Union town to the Monongahela, at or near Redstone. Thence by Washington to the Ohio, at Charleston or Steubenville. Amongst the great variety of commanding reasons in favor of this route, may be mentioned the following. In the first course it will combine the proper and convenient alternative of land or water conveyance, from the extreme navigation of the Potomac to the Metropolis; a distance of about two hundred miles. In the next course it will cross the mountains, in the shortest distance to be found, and connect at the nearest, most convenient point, with the immense navigation of the western waters; in a land carriage of about fifty miles. Add to this, the certain prospect that this course will be artificially prepared by the states of Pennsylvania and Maryland; a coincidence which will greatly enhance the general benefits and at the same time diminish the relative expense. The third course, proceeding from Redstone, as nearly as may be conjectured, in a straight line with the former, unites also the convenience of land and water carriage to Charleston: in a distance of less than 50 miles by land, and about 100 by water. The obvious and decided preference of this last course may be noted in the following circumstances.
 1. In addition to its coincidence with the straight direction from Cumberland to Redstone, it occupies unquestionably the best ground for a road, to be found in such direct course and extent from the Ohio, any where above Kentucky.  2. It passes through the most populous and cultivated country, of similar extent, by western Pennsylvania or Virginia.  3. It points directly towards the heart of the Seven Ranges, a settlement, which has every appearance and prospect of being the most flourishing in the state of Ohio.  4. This course, if continued beyond the river, will most conveniently extend along the south western border of Lake Erie, to the settlement of Detroit and Lake Michigan; thus affording the directest direct communication from the metropolis to these important barriers of our north-western frontier. Moreover, it may be observed, that a course any where north of this line, would not only be discordant with all these 
 1. In addition to its coincidence with the straight direction from Cumberland to Redstone, it occupies unquestionably the best ground for a road, to be found in such direct course and extent from the Ohio, any where above Kentucky.  2. It passes through the most populous and cultivated country, of similar extent, by western Pennsylvania or Virginia.  3. It points directly towards the heart of the Seven Ranges, a settlement, which has every appearance and prospect of being the most flourishing in the state of Ohio.  4. This course, if continued beyond the river, will most conveniently extend along the south western border of Lake Erie, to the settlement of Detroit and Lake Michigan; thus affording the directest direct communication from the metropolis to these important barriers of our north-western frontier. Moreover, it may be observed, that a course any where north of this line, would not only be discordant with all these 
views and principles of general utility, but would be rendered superfluous or of diminished importance, by an undue interference with state arrangements upon the same subject. And with immense difficulties, in its effects, pass through a very broken and scarcely habitable country towards the Ohio; and pointing to one nearly of the same description on the other river.
views and principles of general utility, but would be rendered superfluous or of diminished importance, by an undue interference with state arrangements upon the same subject. And with immense difficulties, in its effects, pass through a very broken and scarcely habitable country towards the Ohio; and pointing to one nearly of the same description on the other river.
In short, it would be rare to find an instance of such a remarkable coincidence of natural and accidental convenience, previously to indicate and determine the most eligible course of a public highway, of such extent and general importance.
In short, it would be rare to find an instance of such a remarkable coincidence of natural and accidental convenience, previously to indicate and determine the most eligible course of a public highway, of such extent and general importance.
Register, OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE U. STATES.
Register, OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE U. STATES.
Monday, December 24.
Monday, December 24.
Leave of absence was granted to Mr. J. C. Smith, from Thursday next to the end of the session.
Leave of absence was granted to Mr. J. C. Smith, from Thursday next to the end of the session.
Mr. Holmes requested on the part of Colonel Thompson his colleague, leave of absence from this day till Saturday next, and leave was granted accordingly.
Mr. Holmes requested on the part of Colonel Thompson his colleague, leave of absence from this day till Saturday next, and leave was granted accordingly.
Mr. Lewis requested and obtained leave of absence for his colleagues Mr. Griffin, from this day till Saturday, and Mr. Stephenson for the same term.
Mr. Lewis requested and obtained leave of absence for his colleagues Mr. Griffin, from this day till Saturday, and Mr. Stephenson for the same term.
Mr. Leib from the committee appointed for the purpose, reported on the motion for completing the arrival on the Schuylkill, a resolution that dollars be appropriated for the completion of the arsenal near the river Schuylkill, which being read, on motion was referred to the committee of the whole on Monday next.
Mr. Leib from the committee appointed for the purpose, reported on the motion for completing the arrival on the Schuylkill, a resolution that dollars be appropriated for the completion of the arsenal near the river Schuylkill, which being read, on motion was referred to the committee of the whole on Monday next.
Mr. Hastings moved to refer the petition of Captain Thomas Marshall Boker, of the militia, praying to be placed on the pension list, in consideration of wounds received in an engagement with the British on Rhode Island in 1778; or such other relief as Congress in their wisdom and justice shall deem meet. It was accordingly referred to the committee of claims.
Mr. Hastings moved to refer the petition of Captain Thomas Marshall Boker, of the militia, praying to be placed on the pension list, in consideration of wounds received in an engagement with the British on Rhode Island in 1778; or such other relief as Congress in their wisdom and justice shall deem meet. It was accordingly referred to the committee of claims.
On the third reading of the enrolled bill, regulating the clearance of armed merchant vessels, a debate of considerable length took place. Messrs. Dana, R. Griswold, and Dennis spoke at considerable length against the same, and were replied to by Messrs. Eppes, Smilie, Jackson and Eustis.
On the third reading of the enrolled bill, regulating the clearance of armed merchant vessels, a debate of considerable length took place. Messrs. Dana, R. Griswold, and Dennis spoke at considerable length against the same, and were replied to by Messrs. Eppes, Smilie, Jackson and Eustis.
The Yeas and Nays on the passage of the bill were called for by Mr. J. C. Clay, and were Ayes 76—Nays 33—and the bill was passed accordingly.
The Yeas and Nays on the passage of the bill were called for by Mr. J. C. Clay, and were Ayes 76—Nays 33—and the bill was passed accordingly.
A message was received from the Senate with a bill for dividing the Indiana territory into two territories. The engrossed bill for amending the charter of Alexandria being on its third reading.
A message was received from the Senate with a bill for dividing the Indiana territory into two territories. The engrossed bill for amending the charter of Alexandria being on its third reading.
Mr. Lewis proposed a postponement till the 15th January next.
Mr. Lewis proposed a postponement till the 15th January next.
Mr. Gregg did not wish so long a delay, he proposed this day week, to which the mover consented and on the question to postpone the bill to that time, it was lost—46 to 48.
Mr. Gregg did not wish so long a delay, he proposed this day week, to which the mover consented and on the question to postpone the bill to that time, it was lost—46 to 48.
Mr. Stanford moved to postpone till Friday next, which was agreed to.
Mr. Stanford moved to postpone till Friday next, which was agreed to.
On motion of Mr. Jackson the petition of the inhabitants of Randolph county, in Virginia, praying the establishment of a post road from the town of Franklin to Clarkburg, to pass through Beverly, was referred to the committee on post offices and post roads.
On motion of Mr. Jackson the petition of the inhabitants of Randolph county, in Virginia, praying the establishment of a post road from the town of Franklin to Clarkburg, to pass through Beverly, was referred to the committee on post offices and post roads.
And then the House adjourned till Wednesday next.
And then the House adjourned till Wednesday next.
BOOKS.
BOOKS.
Just received at the Office of the Enquirer, a small assortment of BOOKS (of ele ant London editions) which will be sold at the Philadelphia prices. Among them are:
Just received at the Office of the Enquirer, a small assortment of BOOKS (of ele ant London editions) which will be sold at the Philadelphia prices. Among them are:
  A NACHARSIS's Travels, with Maps, 4 vols. in boards, D. C. 8 00   Tooke's Life of Catharine 2nd in 2 vols. 6 00   History of Catharine 2nd Empress of Russia, by J. Catena, translated from the French by H. Home, with heads, 2 75   Historical and Philosophical Memoirs of Pius 6th from the French, in 2 vols. 5 00   Memoirs of the house of Medici from the French of Mr. Tenhove, with Vignettes in 2 vols. 4to 12 00   The Life of Lorenzo de Medici, called the Magnificent, by Roscoe, with Vignettes, in 3 vols 9 00   Kippis's Life of Capt. Cook, elegant 4to 6 00   Modern Traveller; containing the comprehensive travels of M c argo Park, Ledyard, Lucas, Sonnini, Browne, Savary, Volney, and Le Vaillant, in Africa; in 4 vols. 4 80   Stavorinus's Voyages to the E. Indies, with Maps, in 3 vols. 8vo. 7 50   Meares's Travels from China to the N. W. of America, with plates, in 2 vols. 8vo. 4 60   Stolberg's Travels through Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Sicily, translated from the German by Holcroft, with plates, in 4 vols. 8 00   Spallanzani's Travels, with plates, in 4 vols. 8 75   De Non's Travels in Egypt in 2 vols. 5 00   Do. do. In Sicily and Malta, 2 25   Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, printed by Stockdale, with superb plates, in 2 vols. 8vo. 6 40   Marmontel's Belisarius, with plates 1 75   The Wanderer, or, original Tales and Essays, by Charles Pothergill, in 2 vols. 3 25   Frederic, from the French of Mr. Fitzéde, London 1802, in 3 vols. 3 00   Julia Mandeville in 2 vols. 1 50   The Farmer of Ingleswood Forest by Mrs. Helme in 4 vols. (a tale peculiarly calculated to instruct and warn the young Virginian.) 3 50   St. Leon, 4 vols. 4 00   Jacques Le Fataliste et Son Maître, par Diderot, 2 vols. 2 00   Hull's Moral Tales, in Verle, 2 50   Poems by a Gentleman of Cornwall 2 vols. 2 50   Pleasures of Memory and Hope, 1 50   Cantique's Terrible Tragedy, 1 00   Moore's Amacreon Bound, 3 00   Do. do. Half-bound, 2 50   Little's Poems, 1 50   Report of the trial of Lord Headfort; a case of Crim. Con. with a Speech of Mr. Currant, &c. 0 50   Mavor's Natural History, 1 37½   Do. Poetry, 1 37½   Sheridan's and Henderson's practical method of reciting English Poetry. 1 00   Animal Biography, by Bingley, in 3 vols. 9 00   Sturms's Reflections with plates, in 3 vols. 3 25   Piotrich's Synonymy, by Mrs. Piozzi, in 2 vols. 4 00   Cowan on Education, in 2 vols. A new Treatise, in considerable repute, 2 50   Sacred Dramas, by Madame De Genlis, 1 75   The Principles of Asiatic Monarchies, by Patton, 1 37½   Volney's view of the United States, in boards 2 00   Do. do. do. bound 2 50   3 rd Any one may procure a book from Philadelphia, by leaving its title and his name at the Office of the Enquirer.
  A NACHARSIS's Travels, with Maps, 4 vols. in boards, D. C. 8 00   Tooke's Life of Catharine 2nd in 2 vols. 6 00   History of Catharine 2nd Empress of Russia, by J. Catena, translated from the French by H. Home, with heads, 2 75   Historical and Philosophical Memoirs of Pius 6th from the French, in 2 vols. 5 00   Memoirs of the house of Medici from the French of Mr. Tenhove, with Vignettes in 2 vols. 4to 12 00   The Life of Lorenzo de Medici, called the Magnificent, by Roscoe, with Vignettes, in 3 vols 9 00   Kippis's Life of Capt. Cook, elegant 4to 6 00   Modern Traveller; containing the comprehensive travels of M c argo Park, Ledyard, Lucas, Sonnini, Browne, Savary, Volney, and Le Vaillant, in Africa; in 4 vols. 4 80   Stavorinus's Voyages to the E. Indies, with Maps, in 3 vols. 8vo. 7 50   Meares's Travels from China to the N. W. of America, with plates, in 2 vols. 8vo. 4 60   Stolberg's Travels through Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Sicily, translated from the German by Holcroft, with plates, in 4 vols. 8 00   Spallanzani's Travels, with plates, in 4 vols. 8 75   De Non's Travels in Egypt in 2 vols. 5 00   Do. do. In Sicily and Malta, 2 25   Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, printed by Stockdale, with superb plates, in 2 vols. 8vo. 6 40   Marmontel's Belisarius, with plates 1 75   The Wanderer, or, original Tales and Essays, by Charles Pothergill, in 2 vols. 3 25   Frederic, from the French of Mr. Fitzéde, London 1802, in 3 vols. 3 00   Julia Mandeville in 2 vols. 1 50   The Farmer of Ingleswood Forest by Mrs. Helme in 4 vols. (a tale peculiarly calculated to instruct and warn the young Virginian.) 3 50   St. Leon, 4 vols. 4 00   Jacques Le Fataliste et Son Maître, par Diderot, 2 vols. 2 00   Hull's Moral Tales, in Verle, 2 50   Poems by a Gentleman of Cornwall 2 vols. 2 50   Pleasures of Memory and Hope, 1 50   Cantique's Terrible Tragedy, 1 00   Moore's Amacreon Bound, 3 00   Do. do. Half-bound, 2 50   Little's Poems, 1 50   Report of the trial of Lord Headfort; a case of Crim. Con. with a Speech of Mr. Currant, &c. 0 50   Mavor's Natural History, 1 37½   Do. Poetry, 1 37½   Sheridan's and Henderson's practical method of reciting English Poetry. 1 00   Animal Biography, by Bingley, in 3 vols. 9 00   Sturms's Reflections with plates, in 3 vols. 3 25   Piotrich's Synonymy, by Mrs. Piozzi, in 2 vols. 4 00   Cowan on Education, in 2 vols. A new Treatise, in considerable repute, 2 50   Sacred Dramas, by Madame De Genlis, 1 75   The Principles of Asiatic Monarchies, by Patton, 1 37½   Volney's view of the United States, in boards 2 00   Do. do. do. bound 2 50   3 rd Any one may procure a book from Philadelphia, by leaving its title and his name at the Office of the Enquirer.
January 1.
January 1.

HAVING shown the preference in favor of a road on the south side of James river, for the purpose of establishing a permanent connection between the eastern and western countries—I shall now show in what directions other subordinate roads ought to be established.
With respect to those below Peterburg, I shall be silent, because their influence in the general scale, cannot be important; they will be left to the exertions of individual enterprise.
From Peterburg, it is necessary to establish a permanent road, to the North-Carolina line, in that direction which leads to the southern parts of the United States. The town of Halifax, in North-Carolina, is said to be in that direction; if so, it ought to be the point of arrangement. After a while the inhabitants of Peterburg no doubt will promote other roads, which may be necessary to the commerce and convenience of that place.
The next road in geographical order, is that which leads
From Manchester to Genito Bridge, on the Appomattox; thence to Cole's Ferry, on Roanoke, & thence to the line of North-Carolina.
The third in geographical order, is that which will lead
From Ca Ira, on Willis' river, to Booker's Ferry on Roanoke, to Perkins's Ferry on Staunton. Upon this occasion, the advantage of the navigation of Willis' river, is the leading consideration. At present the produce of the lands, through which a great part of this road will pass, is carried to Lynchburg. It is believed, that if a proper road should be established to Willis' river, the expense of transportation would be lessened.
The fourth road in geographical order, will lead—From Lynchburg to English's Ferry, and thence to the state of Tennessee, towards Knoxville. It is believed, that the road which is now used, with very little alteration in its course, will answer; and there is no doubt that it might be so much improved, that a team would convey double the burthen which can now be carried. New River, or Kanawha, as it is afterwards called, may be crossed by a bridge, and all the other obstructions may be easily removed. If this road shall be made as good as the ground will allow, there is no doubt that it will draw to Lynchburg an inestimable quantity of produce, which at this time will not bear the expense of transportation. The distance from Lynchburg to English's Ferry, is about 98 or 100 miles, and perhaps it might be shortened from 8 to 10 by the means of labour which may be judiciously employed.
The communication by land is not the only one which presents itself: New River rises in North-Carolina, and before it reaches this Ferry, passes through an extensive country, which is every way valuable either for its fertility or valuable mines—160 miles of this distance may be used by boats, with as much ease as James River was used above the point of the Fork before it was cleared. So that the valuable products of the soil, or the bowels of the earth, may be conveyed by water to English's Ferry, and from thence by wagons to Lynchburg.
Let it be supposed, that the road could be so much improved, that a team could go from one of these places to the other in four days, and could carry four thousand pounds. As the hire of the team may be estimated at 20¢ per day, the expense of transportation would cost about 10¢ per thousand, or even admitting it should be 20¢, it cannot exceed this rate, then Tobacco, when at English's Ferry, would be worth 25¢ per cwt. when it was worth 30¢ at Lynchburg. As a more accurate examination into this subject will present many illustrating arguments, the reader is left to ascertain the importance of these truths by such means as will occur to himself.
The next road of great, perhaps greater importance, is that which leads from Crow's Ferry, on James River, to the Horse Shoe, the seat of General Preston, on New River. This road can be made, not only very good, but it unites these important rivers, at the distance of 54 miles; and it is probable that the distance will be made still shorter, by taking all the advantages which occur, and by removing some obstructions, which are now avoided by circuits. Here the expense of transporting will be about one half of that which must be paid from English's to Lynchburg; the additional water carriage from English's to the Horse Shoe will be small. As to that which may exist between Crow's Ferry or Pendleton to Lynchburg, will depend upon the future conduct of the James River Company. It is evident that these additional charges will not bear any comparison with the difference of wagging about 50 miles.
The next and last southern road which I shall notice, is that which will lead—
From Second Creek Gap, near the Sweet Springs, to Kentucky. As several routes have been recommended, and as the writer is not prepared at present to adopt either in preference to another, he will close this part of the investigation, with the single assurance, that a road to Kentucky may be opened from this quarter, which will be both shorter and better than any other which has been yet used. It is said, that 150 miles may be saved; but even half that distance is an object of too much importance to be neglected. Whenever this Commonwealth shall show, by her own public measures, that such an intercourse is desirable, there is no doubt that the enterprising spirit of the Kentuckians, will induce them to perform more than a reasonable share of the work—they are nearly connected to this state by laws, customs, social intercourse, and blood; every succeeding generation will weaken these ties; it therefore behoves us to strengthen the cement while we have the power.
Having completed the general plan which appears to me to deserve notice on the south side of James River, I shall now proceed to those which seem to be proper on the north side of the same river.
The most important, and the first in succession is that which will establish a connection from Richmond to Staunton. Concerning this there are several plans. I shall not combat the various arguments which are offered by the different schemes. It appears to me that two things deserve notice; first that the road should establish the most practicable communication from Rockfish gap to a branch of James river, which is called Hardwarre. From Rockfish gap to the highest place fit for landing on Hardwarre river is above 18 miles, making 32 from Staunton. The second consideration is to promote the content of the people. If the inhabitants are dissatisfied in either of these points, it is highly probable that they will establish their commercial connections with Alexandria, by the means of the Shenandoah. It appears therefore that justice as well as interest urges us to adopt such establishments as may ensure these important ends. The next road which deserves public patronage is that which leads by the Deep Run Causeway, thence according to the course of the Three-chop road, to Swift run gap on the Blue Ridge; and from thence to the north-western parts of the state; this road is more important for political than for commercial considerations. There is no expectation that the produce of the counties through which it will pass, except Louisa and Orange, and perhaps a small part of Rockingham will be brought to Richmond, yet it must be evident that the road will produce many important advantages; and although many of the other improvements ought to be preferred to this, yet the time will come when politicians will find this of sufficient consequence to require public aid.
Here it is proper to remark that a road ought to be made from Richmond, through Hanover, Spotsylvania, Orange and Culpeper, to Winchester; but the other routes are of so much more consequence, and the inhabitants of these counties already enjoy so many
benefits that this road ought to be left for future consideration, or to individual and private enterprise. The next road according to this arrangement, and very high in public importance is that which should be established from Richmond to Fredericksburg, and thence to Alexandria.
There are important objections to the present route. The road which is now used from Richmond to Fredericksburg is computed at 68 or 70 miles, and the ground in many parts is bad; a measured way through the Forks of Hanover, passing on ground which is better adapted for a road is about 54 miles. These are important considerations and certainly deserve notice.
The present road from Fredericksburg to Alexandria is computed at 50 miles; perhaps there cannot be found in the United States a worse road for the same distance. Nor is this all, the hills are so numerous and so steep, there are so many large creeks and other water courses, that it is impossible to calculate the expense of reducing the road by slopes, arches and bridges to a proper standard. It appears to the writer of this article, that there is no part of the whole route from Richmond to the falls of the Kanawha, of the same distance, which would require so much work, and consequently so much expense. It therefore appears necessary to pursue another route which would leave Stafford Court House, Aquia, Quantico and Colchester on the North-East. The route which is now recommended, is as follows; to cross the Rappahannock at or near Falmouth, upon a permanent bridge, thence proceed a few miles on the road towards Fauquier, thence taking a course through that part of Stafford which is called the Poplar forest, thence pursuing the best ground towards Alexandria, so as to cross the Occoquan river a few miles above the falls, where the ground is well adapted, and where a bridge may be easily made.
I am not prepared to shew what is the difference of distance, but believe that nothing will be lost, if however even 8 or 10 miles should be lost, more would be gained in time, comfort, and in the preservation of horses and carriages, besides escaping the dangers of crossing the Potomack and Aquia and other creeks when the waters are high.
The next in arrangement, and also high in national importance is the road which ought to be established from Richmond across Chickahominy, Pamunkey, Mattaponi and the Rappahannock rivers—to Kinross on the Potomack. The distance does not exceed 65 miles, and the only difficulties worthy of notice are the crossing these rivers. Chickahominy, Pamunkey and Mattaponi may be crossed any where in the direction on bridges—the Rappahannock must be crossed by boats. This ought to be done where the first ferry can be established. Some persons have recommended Layton's others Hobbs-Hole, and others prefer Ruff's; the first is too high and ought not to be adopted, unless it possesses great advantages as to safety and convenience. Hobbs Hole and Ruff's are both in good directions, but to accomplish an object of so much importance, a few miles should not be regarded, especially as the whole distance, even though it should by the circuit extend to 75 miles, may be performed after proper roads and bridges are established in a day.
The chief design of this recommendation is to open a communication with Kinross, so that other communications by water may be established from thence to Annapolis, Baltimore, head of Elk, &c. and there is no doubt after the road is completed that the different necessary packets will be soon established. The passage from Kinross to Baltimore, has been performed in ten hours. This perhaps is an extreme case; it however allows us to presume that it may be generally done in the course of 24 hours. This communication will very materially assist the commercial intercourse of this state, and promote the value of real property in the quarter, with which the communication may be made. The advantages appear to be great, that the public would be speedily repaid by the funding the necessary aid. From Richmond to Pamunkey, several miles may be saved by opening a new and direct road, with a substantial bridge and causeway across Chickahominy; and common sense will direct it to be in the nearest route.
The next and last thing which will now be recommended, is to improve that road which extends from Richmond to York. This communication is of great importance, and not so much on account of its connection with Hampton and Norfolk, as for other reasons which I will now explain.
York river affords the best anchorage for large ships which is to be found in Virginia. The situation of the town is healthy and pleasant. It is the proper point of connexion between Richmond and the eastern shore, and is conveniently situated for commercial pursuits at sea or in the bay. If ever this country should support a large navy, and wish to establish naval arsenals where convenience and safety may be united, then York will acquire a political rank among the towns of the United States, which will increase according to the extent of those objects, which it is so well suited to assist.
I shall now close these details, in the hope that the public may derive some benefit from them. If this country could be so fortunate as to see the whole plan fully completed, it would experience numberless advantages, which can scarcely be anticipated, and Virginia in a little time, would possess an internal source of wealth and strength, which could not be affected either by the schemes or calumnies of our adversaries. Nothing seems then to be wanting except the necessary funds. As the writer of these remarks believes that the whole may be accomplished in a few years, by means which will neither oppress the poor nor damp the ardor of industry.
29th December, 1804.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE ENQUIRER.
SIR,
By inserting the following statement in the Enquirer, you will greatly oblige
A FRIEND.
Under the present establishment of the Land Office, the Register is allowed the annual salary of
  His First Clerk Dolls. 1250 00   Three Under Clerks 500dls. each 625 00   Stationery, fuel, &c. agreeably to former accounts rendered by the Register (his acct for the last year having not been rendered, when application was made to the Auditor to ascertain the amount,) 1500 00   Say 600 00 
  From which sum take the fees of the office for one year, commencing the 1st day of Oct. 1803, and ending the 1st day of Oct. 1804, amounting per statement taken from the Auditor's books to Dolls. 3975 00   Balance against the state 2415 93 
If the Land Office be kept up in its present form, the state of Virginia will lose by it annually, at the lowest calculation, the above sum of 1561 dolls. 7 cents.
Quere—Will it not be more advisable to let some respectable man take upon himself the discharge of the duties of the Land office, and give him for his services the legal fees arising therefrom, than to continue it, thus expensive to the Commonwealth, when every part of the business will, without a doubt, be transacted with as much promptitude and fidelity, as at present. Perhaps the present Register will continue to do the business for the fees, and if so, it may be proper to give him the preference.
Through a mistake of the Gentleman who had promised to deliver the following letter, it was not put into the hands of the Editor till 8 o'Clock last night. To suspend its publication for a single moment, would have appeared illiberal and improper; and it was impossible to accompany it with a suitable comment. No comment however, would have been attempted, had there been sufficient time to prepare one; for who does not see, that it would have been altogether unneccessary? The Editor had no new facts to exhibit for the public consideration: Nor, is he vain enough to suppose that his own ingenuity could furnish any application of the statement, already laid before them, which their penetration would not equally devise. He is content, for his own part to rest the truth of his opinions, upon the evidence, which has been already unfolded: On this basis he rests with undiminished pleasure. It is of that adamantine structure which would seem to defy all the efforts that can be made to effect its dissolution.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE ENQUIRER.
A degree of respect for the character of your paper, called forth a denial of the malicious charges exhibited against me on the 22d inst.—The same consideration, rather than the formidable testimony presented on the 29th, forces me again to repeat, and to disprove the fact deemed "authenticated beyond a doubt." Yet, believing in Mr. M c Kim's far fame as an individual, I presume to question, whether he is conscious how far party zeal and "predilections" may have disordered his construction of the rare facts and slender circumstances, upon which his statement is predicated; and, whether he was the precise moment (1) when he was placed on the "hind end of the hit." That I did "take the blame on myself," is a fact which I am proud to own; nor would it, as a precedent, dissonant any successor in office, altho' happily, "all the chances of abuse have expired." I shall add nothing more as to Mr. M c Kim, than an assurance, that his political faith and 'predilections,' as also those of Mr. Lewis, certainly, and Mr. Blakey, probably, were unknown to me, 'till after they had been severally designated and disposed of. The particular mode of conduct upon that occasion, I shall not be detailed: One deputy bearing an active part in forming the pannel, still lives, and can be resorted to by those, whom party motives may prompt—and none other can correctly ascertain the previous fact, upon which so much has been erroneously said."
Here too, let me state, fearless of contradiction, that Mr. Lewis and Mr. Blakey were summoned and discharged at the same moment in the face court; & that the power which is so severely censured, was exercised previously (2) to the "declaration" to Mr. Pollard in his compting room, any testimony to the contrary, notwithstanding. The case of Col. Vandewall leave with himself and Mr. Mosby, the Deputy. Including my correspondence with you on an affair originating more from "reports & opinions" than upon facts, I have to acknowledge that I am, justifying my first impressions, and these inspire a hope, that in drawing any future conclusions, as harmless even as those now before me, you will be liberal enough to recollect, that my declarations are offered under a deep sense of regard for a continuance of that favor and support which have been extended from the most respectable portion of the community, among whom it has been my happiness to have discharged various official and civil duties. I am &c. &c.
D. M. RANDOLPH, Late Marshal, V. D.
Dec. 30th, 1804.
[1.] The circumstances mentioned in Mr. M c Kim's certificate, if they do not ascertain "the precise time when he was summoned," will prove at least that he was summoned among the first. I could mention other facts, that not equally well authenticated to confirm his assertion. I have good reason to believe that Mr. M c Kim was summoned at the same, or very nearly the same time, at which Mr. Lewis and Mr. G. Blakey were summoned. And yet they are placed the very first on the pannel, and Mr. M c Kim is the 28th—I have the same reason to believe that Mr. T. Woodfin, another Democrat, was summoned at the same time, and yet his name is about the 24th on the list. The death of Mr. Woodfin has baffled my researches on this head.
[2.] Let the fact be conceded, and what does Mr. Randolph gain by it? 1 st . It is illiberal to presume that he fits out with this determination, and that to give a case he would not adopt any new measures in the progress of his arrangements. 2 d . Though Mr. Lewis and Mr. Blakey were released before the day of the trial, they were put first on the pannel, which according to Mr. R's plan, could scarcely have been made out before their release. 3 d . In making out the list, which was to be given to the Clerk and to be called over in Court, Mr. Lewis's name consequently stands as nothing; and then there could not be the least chance that a single Democrat should be enlisted in the legal quorum. And thus the great difficulty is removed, which I was obliged to encounter in my first statement.
IMPORTANT PROBLEM: For the investigation of some intelligent politician, who combines a knowledge of abstract politics with the theory & practice of the English and Virginia laws—
"A petition is presented to a certain legislature, for the incorporation of a company to accomplish some public work. The petition is drawn up and signed by persons who are either ignorant of the necessary facts, or who are interested in misstating them. Without making any preparatory arrangements: without employing commissioners to ascertain the real state of the case; the legislature, relying on the truth of the facts, which are stated in the petition, proceed to organize a company, and invest it with the rights of a corporate body. Has the legislature any right to modify or annul the charter, thus improvidently and heedlessly conceded? How far would the abstract theory of government, or the precedented proceedings of the English House of Commons, and the Virginia Legislature, sanction such a controlling power? If no such power resides in the Legislature itself, is there no other remedy for such legislative abortions? If there is such a remedy, in what department of the government does it reside, and by what regular process may any case of this sort be properly brought before this department?"
Legislature of Virginia.
EXTRACTS FROM THE JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES.
Thursday Dec. 20.
A communication from the Senate by their clerk. The Senate have passed the bill, entitled, an act, incorporating a library company in the county of Prince-Edward.
An engrossed bill, authorizing a sale of the glebe of the parish of St. Mary, for the purposes therein mentioned, was read a third time;
Resolved, that the bill do pass, and that the title be, an act, authorizing a sale of the glebe of the parish of St. Mary, for the purposes therein mentioned.
Mr. Baker presented, according to order, a bill, to authorise the courts of certain counties to appoint two or more commissioners of the revenue for the said counties, which was received and read the first time, and the question being put upon the second reading of the bill, It passed in the negative.
Referred, That the said bill be rejected. Mr. Mallory presented, from the committee to whom it was committed, a bill, to prevent the hauling of fines at certain places within certain periods annually, with several amendments, which he handed in at the clerk's table, where the same were twice read and agreed to by the house.
Ordered, That the bill, with the amendments, be engrossed and read a third time.
Mr. Du-Val presented, according to order, a bill, for the relief of special bail in certain cases, which was received and read the first time, and ordered to be read a second time.
Ordered, That leave be given to bring in a bill, to amend the act, reducing into one the several acts making provision for the restraint, support and maintenance of idiots and lunatics, and the preservation and management of their estates; and that Messrs. Woodring, Semple, Woodford, Hawes, P. M. Daniel, Martin, Taylor and Moore, do prepare and bring in the same.
Ordered, That the committee appointed to bring in a bill on the subject of the appointment of jailors and regulating their fees, be discharged therefrom.
A petition of sundry inhabitants of the city of Richmond, was presented and read, stating many grievances arising to the citizens of this commonwealth by the conduct of Captains of vessels carrying slaves out of this state, and praying the attention of the legislature to the laws upon that subject;
Ordered, That the said petition be referred to Messrs. Tazwell, King, Du-Val, Semple, Ker, Mercer, Goodwyn and Watkins, and that they report their opinion thereupon, to the house, by bill or otherwise.
A petition from a number of the inhabitants of Patrick county, on the subject of extending the jurisdiction of a single magistrate, and other alterations of the laws relative to the recovery of debts, was received and ordered to be referred to the committee appointed to bring in a bill on the subject of extending the jurisdiction of single magistrates.
Friday, Dec. 21st, 1804.
The Speaker laid before the house a letter from his excellency the Governor, covering certain documents for the information of the General Assembly, which were read, and ordered to be referred to the committee appointed to prepare an estimate of the resources and expenditure of the government.
An engrossed bill incorporating the company to build a toll bridge over the south branch of Potomack river was read a third time;
Resolved, That the bill do pass, and that the title be, an act, incorporating a company to build a toll bridge over the south branch of Potomack river.
Mr. Johnson presented from a committee for Courts of justice, to whom it was committed, a bill, to explain and amend the act providing for the poor, and declaring who shall be deemed vagrants, with an amendment, which was twice read and agreed to by the house;
Ordered, That the said bill, with the amendment, be engrossed and read a third time.
A bill, disallowing Robert Campbell from his wife Anne was received and read the first time, and ordered to be read a second time.
Mr. Barbour from the committee of privileges and elections made the following report:
The committee of privileges and elections, have according to order, examined the mayor's return of a delegate from the borough of Norfolk to serve in the present General Assembly, compared the same with the form prescribed by law, and have come to the following resolution thereupon:
Resolved, As the opinion of this committee, that the Mayor's return for the borough of Norfolk is made in the form prescribed by law.
The said resolution being twice read, was on the question put thereupon, agreed to by the house.
Mr. Barbour from the same committee, further reported, that the committee had, according to order, had under their consideration, the petition of John Woodward, to them referred, and had agreed upon a report and come to several resolutions thereupon, which he handed in at the clerk's table, where the same were received, and
On motion, Ordered, to lie on the table.
Resolved, That the petition of sundry merchants, mechanics and other inhabitants of the city of Richmond, praying that provision may be made by law for compensating them while attending as jurors, at the different courts held in the said city; and that in future they may not be compelled to serve as jurors as often as they may now be required to do so, be rejected.
Ordered, That leave be given to bring in a bill, To regulate the practice of phyfic in this commonwealth, and for other purposes; and that Messrs Dulany, Purdie, Peake, Semple, Blake, Snyder, Dabriel, Jones, (Nottoway) Hawes, Johnston and Ker, do prepare and bring in the same.
Resolved, That in future it shall be a standing rule of this house, to appoint annually, a committee, whose duty it shall be to examine into the expenditure of the executive department for the last year, and to call on them for any information relative thereto.
MASSACHUSETTS'S AMENDMENT TO THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.
On Thursday, December 27, Mr Barbour, from the committee to whom was referred that part of the Governor's communication which relates to the amendment proposed by the state of Massachusetts to the constitution of the United States, made the following report:
THAT they have bestowed on the said proposition the respectful attention which is due both to its importance and to the state making it, without being able to perceive any just grounds on which its adoption can be recommended. The provision made by the constitution for such amendments, from time to time, as may be found expedient, is considered by the committee, as wisely adapted to a new and complicated system, which in its progress might develop imperfections unforeseen at its date, or which may have been then susceptible of more convenient organization, or more guarded definition in some of its parts than was remarked either by those who framed or those who ratified the instrument; in pursuance of this provision, and in the spirit which dictated it, the constitution has received alterations, which it is hoped will be found to render it the more capable of fulfilling the great end to which it aspires; and the committee are far from presuming, that like improvements may not still be made, under the lessons of experience, without inducing a spirit of innovation or violating those essential principles and those well known conditions on which the constitution is founded. But with all the dispositions they feel to avoid impeding ameliorations in the political institution of the United States, and to listen with favorable attention to changes invited in that light by a fitter time, they cannot regard the one now proposed by the legislature of Massachusetts, as either within the scope that ought to be given to innovation, or as justified by any considerations, which are entitled to greater weight now, than was origi-
nally allowed to them: were the compound ratio of a representation now a proper subject of examination, it is far from being admitted, that the sacrifice thereby made to the spirit of union, was not at the expense of the states containing a vast population; but such a discussion might awaken local distinctions and sensibilities, for which the constitution endeavored to provide a remedy; the committee deem it sufficient therefore to observe.
First, That the article in a constitution like that of the United States, which fixes the representation, and has allowed to each of the parties thereto, whether in the one or in the other branch of the legislature, justly be deemed amongst the articles most fundamental, and consequently ought not to be lightly or hastily invaded.
Secondly, That the propriety of this ratio is evinced from the consideration that so early as the year seventeen hundred and fifty three, the first time a union of the then colonies was contemplated, in a convention at Albany, the delegates of no colony out of the Po- (which embraced all the colonies) proposed that taxation and representation should be reciprocal; a principle was again brought under public and favourable consideration, in the year seventeen hundred and eighty-three, by a proposition of the then congress to substitute it for the ratio established in the first charter of confederation.
That it relates to and combines the two cases of representation and taxation, in the existing constitution, it was not less copiously discussed, thoroughly understood and deliberately sanctioned, than any article whatever; and that it can, as little as any article, present to elucidations of any kind, subsequent to that period.
Thirdly, That the constitution being, as declared by the convention itself, the result of a spirit of amity, and of that mutual deference and sacrifice, which the peculiarity of our political situation rendered indispensable; and it being well understood, the article fixing the compound ratio of representation was in particular, the result of such a compromise; it follows that it ought to be amongst the last, which a spirit of change, guided by a faithful attachment to the constitution ought to permit itself to touch; and that besides the tendency of the experiment to excite local divisions by alarming local rights, it must also tend to impair the reliance on that good faith, which is the cement of the union and guarantee of the political fabric which rests upon it. The committee willing to pay little with respect to the observations forming the preamble to the proposition, will only acknowledge their deep regret, that sentiments so little calculated to nourish affection and mutual confidence amongst the states, or even to conciliate a favorable deliberation on the object pursued, should have been permitted to find such a place and in such expressions. Whatever may have been the unpropitious occasion of this transient departure from those fraternal dispositions, which have on so many occasions distinguished that portion of the American family; the committee are persuaded it is not less a duty in this legislature to persevere in cherishing the fairest affection for their political brethren every where; fully confiding in the efficacy and permanency of those liberal views, those common interests and those national feelings which originally harmonized these states into confederacy, and finally placed them under a government instituted to perpetuate their union, to secure and advance the happiness they enjoy under it.
Resolved, therefore, that it is inexpedient for this state to agree to the amendment to the constitution of the United States, proposed by the legislature of Massachusetts.
Resolved, That the Governor of the commonwealth be requested to transmit a copy of the foregoing resolution to the chief magistrate of Massachusetts, with a request that the same may be laid before the state legislature of that state, at their next session.
The said resolutions being read a second time, were, on a motion made,
Ordered, to be referred to a committee of the whole house on the state of the Commonwealth.
THE sale of the Academy or Theatre Lots, advertised in the first page of this paper, to take place on To-morrow, is postponed until Tuesday next, the 8th instant.
PROSSER & MOUNCURE.
Jan. 1. FOR SALE, FIVE Hhds. and 10 qr. casks of LONDON PARTICULAR TENERIFFE WINE of a superior quality, on a credit of 120 days—Negotiable notes. Enquire of THOMAS NORVELL. December 29. (tf.)
TO THE PUBLIC. DURING the present year, J. Ogilvie will continue to instruct youth in the city of Richmond. In addition to the various branches of literature and science heretofore taught in his school, his pupils will have an opportunity of studying the higher branches of Mathematical science, a more extensive course of natural Philosophy, the dead languages, and the French and Spanish languages. In teaching the higher branches of Mathematical science and the dead languages, J. Ogilvie will be assisted by Mr. Wood of this city, whose superior proficiency and skill in Mathematical & Physical science eminently entitle him to public patronage. The French and Spanish languages will be taught by Mr. Bonnail, with whose ability and qualifications in the line of his profession, the citizens of Richmond are sufficiently acquainted. These arrangements, whilst they will considerably diminish J. Ogilvie's emoluments, will greatly enlarge the utility of the school. The principal disadvantages of schools conducted by a single teacher, are the principal and uninterrupted pressure of exertion, the disposition of thought amongst such a variety of studies as almost to preclude the possibility of pre-eminent skill or proficiency in any one department of knowledge, and the consequent imperfection and incompleateness of the course. These disadvantages will be radically obviated by the preceding arrangements. Thus modified and extended, the plan of education which will be pursued in this school, will embrace probably, as comprehensive and complete a course of literature & science as can be reasonably expected in a seminary, so totally destitute of every sort of extrinsic support. The school will be opened on the second Monday in January.

DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENTS
Accompanying the report of the commissioners on the Georgia Mississippi Territory, ceded to the U. States.
Accompanying the report of the commissioners on the Georgia Mississippi Territory, ceded to the U. States.
WHEREAS, since the execution of the annexed instrument of writing, the legislature in and by an act passed and dated at Augusta, the seventh day of January, in the present year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, entitled an act supplementary to an act for appropriating part of the unlocated territory of this state, for the payment of the late state troops and for other purposes therein mentioned; declaring the right of this state to the unappropriated territory thereof, for the protection and support of the frontiers of this state and for other purposes—the land included within the limits described by the annexed as agreement is sold unto James Gunn, Matthew M'Allister, and George Walker, and their associates the Georgia company, being the persons named in the said agreement. Now we, the said members of the Georgia company, for us and our respective representatives, do hereby ratify by these presents every matter and thing contained in said agreement, and do hereunto annex a schedule or list of persons who are entitled to our interest in said company, and the quantity therein contained, which is the whole quantity of land disposed of by the said company in any manner or way whatever, and which list forms a part of this agreement: And it is fully understood and agreed upon, that the said Georgia company do consist of the following persons and number of shares, that is to say, James Gunn, one share for himself and another for his friend, Matthew M'Allister, one share, George Walker, one share, Zachariah Cox, one share, Jacob Waldburger, one share, William Longstreet, one share, and Wade Hampton, three shares, being ten equal parts or original shares, and that each share shall be entitled to one vote. Witness our hands and seals this tenth day of January, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five.
WHEREAS, since the execution of the annexed instrument of writing, the legislature in and by an act passed and dated at Augusta, the seventh day of January, in the present year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, entitled an act supplementary to an act for appropriating part of the unlocated territory of this state, for the payment of the late state troops and for other purposes therein mentioned; declaring the right of this state to the unappropriated territory thereof, for the protection and support of the frontiers of this state and for other purposes—the land included within the limits described by the annexed as agreement is sold unto James Gunn, Matthew M'Allister, and George Walker, and their associates the Georgia company, being the persons named in the said agreement. Now we, the said members of the Georgia company, for us and our respective representatives, do hereby ratify by these presents every matter and thing contained in said agreement, and do hereunto annex a schedule or list of persons who are entitled to our interest in said company, and the quantity therein contained, which is the whole quantity of land disposed of by the said company in any manner or way whatever, and which list forms a part of this agreement: And it is fully understood and agreed upon, that the said Georgia company do consist of the following persons and number of shares, that is to say, James Gunn, one share for himself and another for his friend, Matthew M'Allister, one share, George Walker, one share, Zachariah Cox, one share, Jacob Waldburger, one share, William Longstreet, one share, and Wade Hampton, three shares, being ten equal parts or original shares, and that each share shall be entitled to one vote. Witness our hands and seals this tenth day of January, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five.
JAMES GUNN, for self and friend, (L. S.) MATHEW M'ALLISTER, (L. S.) GEO. WALKER, (L. S.) ZACH. COX, (L. S.) JACOB WALDBURGER, (L. S.) WM. LONGSTREET, (L. S.) W. HAMPTON, (L. S.)
JAMES GUNN, for self and friend, (L. S.) MATHEW M'ALLISTER, (L. S.) GEO. WALKER, (L. S.) ZACH. COX, (L. S.) JACOB WALDBURGER, (L. S.) WM. LONGSTREET, (L. S.) W. HAMPTON, (L. S.)
Sealed and delivered in the presence of, JOSEPH WARE, T. SUMTER, Jr.
Sealed and delivered in the presence of, JOSEPH WARE, T. SUMTER, Jr.
Table with 4 columns: Name, Shares, £, Cents, Acres. Lists names like James Wilson, Thomas Young, John Fox, etc., with their respective shares and land area.
Table with 4 columns: Name, Shares, £, Cents, Acres. Lists names like James Wilson, Thomas Young, John Fox, etc., with their respective shares and land area.
One million reserved by law to be
One million reserved by law to be
Table with 2 columns: Subscribed by the citizens, Amount. Total: 7,756,000.
Table with 2 columns: Subscribed by the citizens, Amount. Total: 7,756,000.
James Mose, and John Tabot. NOTE BY THE COMMISSIONERS. The persons designated as money sharers do not appear to have all become associates, exclusively of the land assigned to James Wilson, the persons in whose name a deed was made by the company on account of that advance in money, were:
James Mose, and John Tabot. NOTE BY THE COMMISSIONERS. The persons designated as money sharers do not appear to have all become associates, exclusively of the land assigned to James Wilson, the persons in whose name a deed was made by the company on account of that advance in money, were:
Table with 2 columns: Name, Number of shares. Lists names like Thomas Young, Joseph Miller, Benjamin Sims, etc.
Table with 2 columns: Name, Number of shares. Lists names like Thomas Young, Joseph Miller, Benjamin Sims, etc.
FORM OF A SUB-SHARE. No. 37. We, the grantees of the Georgia Company, do hereby certify, that John Powell, Esquire, of the state aforesaid, holds to himself, his executors and administrators, one half of a sub-share, containing twenty eight thousand acres in this company, he paying the sum of two cents and one third of a cent per acre, to the said grantees or their agent, on or before the seventh day of August next, otherwise the said lands shall become forfeited to the company, and this certificate void, agreeably to the rules and regulations of the said company: And we do further certify, that so soon as the mortgage on the lands contained in this company's purchase from the said state shall be fully paid and satisfied, the said John Powell shall, upon returning this certificate to the said company, receive from them a certificate of a negotiable nature.
FORM OF A SUB-SHARE. No. 37. We, the grantees of the Georgia Company, do hereby certify, that John Powell, Esquire, of the state aforesaid, holds to himself, his executors and administrators, one half of a sub-share, containing twenty eight thousand acres in this company, he paying the sum of two cents and one third of a cent per acre, to the said grantees or their agent, on or before the seventh day of August next, otherwise the said lands shall become forfeited to the company, and this certificate void, agreeably to the rules and regulations of the said company: And we do further certify, that so soon as the mortgage on the lands contained in this company's purchase from the said state shall be fully paid and satisfied, the said John Powell shall, upon returning this certificate to the said company, receive from them a certificate of a negotiable nature.
STATE OF GEORGIA. No. 37. We, the grantees of the Georgia Company, do hereby certify, that John Powell, Esquire, of the state aforesaid, holds to himself, his executors and administrators, one half of a sub-share, containing twenty eight thousand acres in this company, he paying the sum of two cents and one third of a cent per acre, to the said grantees or their agent, on or before the seventh day of August next, otherwise the said lands shall become forfeited to the company, and this certificate void, agreeably to the rules and regulations of the said company: And we do further certify, that so soon as the mortgage on the lands contained in this company's purchase from the said state shall be fully paid and satisfied, the said John Powell shall, upon returning this certificate to the said company, receive from them a certificate of a negotiable nature.
STATE OF GEORGIA. No. 37. We, the grantees of the Georgia Company, do hereby certify, that John Powell, Esquire, of the state aforesaid, holds to himself, his executors and administrators, one half of a sub-share, containing twenty eight thousand acres in this company, he paying the sum of two cents and one third of a cent per acre, to the said grantees or their agent, on or before the seventh day of August next, otherwise the said lands shall become forfeited to the company, and this certificate void, agreeably to the rules and regulations of the said company: And we do further certify, that so soon as the mortgage on the lands contained in this company's purchase from the said state shall be fully paid and satisfied, the said John Powell shall, upon returning this certificate to the said company, receive from them a certificate of a negotiable nature.
STATE OF GEORGIA. No. 37. We, the grantees of the Georgia Company, do hereby certify, that John Powell, Esquire, of the state aforesaid, holds to himself, his executors and administrators, one half of a sub-share, containing twenty eight thousand acres in this company, he paying the sum of two cents and one third of a cent per acre, to the said grantees or their agent, on or before the seventh day of August next, otherwise the said lands shall become forfeited to the company, and this certificate void, agreeably to the rules and regulations of the said company: And we do further certify, that so soon as the mortgage on the lands contained in this company's purchase from the said state shall be fully paid and satisfied, the said John Powell shall, upon returning this certificate to the said company, receive from them a certificate of a negotiable nature.
STATE OF GEORGIA. No. 37. We, the grantees of the Georgia Company, do hereby certify, that John Powell, Esquire, of the state aforesaid, holds to himself, his executors and administrators, one half of a sub-share, containing twenty eight thousand acres in this company, he paying the sum of two cents and one third of a cent per acre, to the said grantees or their agent, on or before the seventh day of August next, otherwise the said lands shall become forfeited to the company, and this certificate void, agreeably to the rules and regulations of the said company: And we do further certify, that so soon as the mortgage on the lands contained in this company's purchase from the said state shall be fully paid and satisfied, the said John Powell shall, upon returning this certificate to the said company, receive from them a certificate of a negotiable nature.
Table with 4 columns: Name, No., Agents. Lists names like 1795, 1796, 1797, etc., with their respective agents.
Table with 4 columns: Name, No., Agents. Lists names like 1795, 1796, 1797, etc., with their respective agents.
Table with 4 columns: Name, No., Agents. Lists names like Reuben de Jarnatte, Wade Hampton, For Jarard Banks, etc.
Table with 4 columns: Name, No., Agents. Lists names like Reuben de Jarnatte, Wade Hampton, For Jarard Banks, etc.
GEORGIA.
GEORGIA.
By his Excellency John Millidge, Governor and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of this state, and of the Militia thereof. To all to whom these presents shall come, GREETING. Know ye, That James Bozeman, Esq., who hath certified the proceedings of the house of representatives, from page one to three, is deputy clerk of the said house of representatives: And that William Robertson, Esquire, who hath certified the proceedings of the senate, from page four to five, is secretary to the said senate, and all of which proceedings are hereunto annexed.
By his Excellency John Millidge, Governor and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of this state, and of the Militia thereof. To all to whom these presents shall come, GREETING. Know ye, That James Bozeman, Esq., who hath certified the proceedings of the house of representatives, from page one to three, is deputy clerk of the said house of representatives: And that William Robertson, Esquire, who hath certified the proceedings of the senate, from page four to five, is secretary to the said senate, and all of which proceedings are hereunto annexed.
Therefore all due faith, credit and authority, are and ought to be had and given their and each of their certificate and attestation as such.
Therefore all due faith, credit and authority, are and ought to be had and given their and each of their certificate and attestation as such.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the great seal of this state to be put and affixed, at the state house, in Louisville, this twentieth day of January, in the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred and three, and in the twenty seventh year of the independence of the United States of America.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the great seal of this state to be put and affixed, at the state house, in Louisville, this twentieth day of January, in the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred and three, and in the twenty seventh year of the independence of the United States of America.
By the Governor. HOR: MARSBURY, Secretary of the State. (To be continued.)
By the Governor. HOR: MARSBURY, Secretary of the State. (To be continued.)
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, AND FOR SALE AT RITCHIE & WORSLEY'S BOOK-STORE: The RAINBOW, SERIES FIRST; Originally Published in the RICHMOND ENQUIRER.
THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, AND FOR SALE AT RITCHIE & WORSLEY'S BOOK-STORE: The RAINBOW, SERIES FIRST; Originally Published in the RICHMOND ENQUIRER.
An association was formed during the last summer, by a few gentlemen, of whom some are now, and others have been, inhabitants of this city, for the purpose of composing a series of Miscellaneous Essays for the RICHMOND ENQUIRER. These Essays were regularly published every Saturday, during the months of August, September, and October. The first number appeared on the 10th of August, and the last on the 20th of October. These numbers, taken together in the order in which they were published, will constitute the first series of the RAINBOW: and it is this first series which is now presented by the proprietors of the Enquirer to the amateurs of Literature, and to its patrons in Virginia. The second series will probably be communicated to the public in the present form, as soon as it shall be completed by the members of the association. Richmond, Dec. 11th, 1804.
An association was formed during the last summer, by a few gentlemen, of whom some are now, and others have been, inhabitants of this city, for the purpose of composing a series of Miscellaneous Essays for the RICHMOND ENQUIRER. These Essays were regularly published every Saturday, during the months of August, September, and October. The first number appeared on the 10th of August, and the last on the 20th of October. These numbers, taken together in the order in which they were published, will constitute the first series of the RAINBOW: and it is this first series which is now presented by the proprietors of the Enquirer to the amateurs of Literature, and to its patrons in Virginia. The second series will probably be communicated to the public in the present form, as soon as it shall be completed by the members of the association. Richmond, Dec. 11th, 1804.
BY SUBSCRIPTION. Forty Subscribers at 10 dollars each—Terms made known and subscriptions received by Ritchie & Worsley—for
BY SUBSCRIPTION. Forty Subscribers at 10 dollars each—Terms made known and subscriptions received by Ritchie & Worsley—for
TUNSTALL'S
TUNSTALL'S
PATENT THRESHING MACHINE. The advantages to be gained by farmers, by applying some effectual parts to Threshing Machines, which have greater velocity, adequate strength, and greater cheapness than hitherto, and applicable to any machinery, are universally allowed to be very great. WILLIAM TUNSTALL has obtained a Patent for such improvements; and wishes to benefit the public on the most reasonable terms. Districts and individuals may be now accommodated with Machines and patent rights, by applying in person or by letter (post paid) to the patentee, William Tunstall, at the Snowy Tavern, Richmond. These Machines will hull Clover and thresh Rice Buck Wheat &c. preferred free from grit—Counterfeits will be dealt with as the law directs as the law directs. July 18. eW—tf
PATENT THRESHING MACHINE. The advantages to be gained by farmers, by applying some effectual parts to Threshing Machines, which have greater velocity, adequate strength, and greater cheapness than hitherto, and applicable to any machinery, are universally allowed to be very great. WILLIAM TUNSTALL has obtained a Patent for such improvements; and wishes to benefit the public on the most reasonable terms. Districts and individuals may be now accommodated with Machines and patent rights, by applying in person or by letter (post paid) to the patentee, William Tunstall, at the Snowy Tavern, Richmond. These Machines will hull Clover and thresh Rice Buck Wheat &c. preferred free from grit—Counterfeits will be dealt with as the law directs as the law directs. July 18. eW—tf
VIRGINIA. At a Superior Court of Chancery, held at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, October 6th, 1804—Between James Anderson, and Philip Thurman, merchants and partners, under the firm of James Anderson and Co. Plaintiffs. And Bernard Markham, and Francis Offborne, executors of George Markham. Defendants. THE defendant, Bernard Markham, upon whom an attachment for his contempt in not answering the bill of the plaintiff hath been returned executed, till failing to answer the same, the court this 6th day of October, in the year 1804, upon the motion of the plaintiffs by their counsel, doth take their bill for confessed, as to that defendant, and will proceed at a future day to decree the matter thereof, unless the said defendant, on or before the tenth day of the term next after he shall have been served with a copy of this order, show cause to the contrary. A Copy, Teste, P. TINSLEY, C. C. November 8. W2m
VIRGINIA. At a Superior Court of Chancery, held at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, October 6th, 1804—Between James Anderson, and Philip Thurman, merchants and partners, under the firm of James Anderson and Co. Plaintiffs. And Bernard Markham, and Francis Offborne, executors of George Markham. Defendants. THE defendant, Bernard Markham, upon whom an attachment for his contempt in not answering the bill of the plaintiff hath been returned executed, till failing to answer the same, the court this 6th day of October, in the year 1804, upon the motion of the plaintiffs by their counsel, doth take their bill for confessed, as to that defendant, and will proceed at a future day to decree the matter thereof, unless the said defendant, on or before the tenth day of the term next after he shall have been served with a copy of this order, show cause to the contrary. A Copy, Teste, P. TINSLEY, C. C. November 8. W2m
VIRGINIA. At a Superior Court of Chancery, held in Richmond, September 28th, 1804—Between Charles Yancey, Plaintiff. And William Lipcomb, David Bullock, ex-crawford of John Bullock, Nelson Crawford, William Crawford, John Crawford and Charles Crawford, executor of David Crawford, and Robert Kimbrough. Defendants. THE defendants, William Lipcomb and Robert Kimbrough, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this country, on the motion of the plaintiff, by his counsel, it is Ordered—That the said defendants do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the capitol in the said city. A copy, Teste, P. TINSLEY, C. C. Nov. 7. W2m
VIRGINIA. At a Superior Court of Chancery, held in Richmond, September 28th, 1804—Between Charles Yancey, Plaintiff. And William Lipcomb, David Bullock, ex-crawford of John Bullock, Nelson Crawford, William Crawford, John Crawford and Charles Crawford, executor of David Crawford, and Robert Kimbrough. Defendants. THE defendants, William Lipcomb and Robert Kimbrough, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this country, on the motion of the plaintiff, by his counsel, it is Ordered—That the said defendants do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the capitol in the said city. A copy, Teste, P. TINSLEY, C. C. Nov. 7. W2m
VIRGINIA. At a Superior Court of Chancery, held in Richmond, the tenth day of September, 1804—Between ARCHIBALD HUTCHESON, Plaintiff. And TIMOTHY CHANDLER, and THOMAS DEAR, Defendants. THE defendants not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that they are not inhabitants of this country; on the motion of the plaintiff, by his counsel, it is Ordered—That the said defendants do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the capitol in the said city. A copy, Teste, P. TINSLEY, C. C. Nov. 7. W2m
VIRGINIA. At a Superior Court of Chancery, held in Richmond, the tenth day of September, 1804—Between ARCHIBALD HUTCHESON, Plaintiff. And TIMOTHY CHANDLER, and THOMAS DEAR, Defendants. THE defendants not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that they are not inhabitants of this country; on the motion of the plaintiff, by his counsel, it is Ordered—That the said defendants do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the capitol in the said city. A copy, Teste, P. TINSLEY, C. C. Nov. 7. W2m
Fall and Fashionable Goods.
Fall and Fashionable Goods.
ROBERT JOHNSTON is now opening a general and well selected assortment of FALL and FASHIONABLE GOODS, which he will sell on moderate terms for Cash, Produce, or at a short credit, by Wholesale or Retail: AMONG WHICH ARE: Superfine & coarse cloths, Cambric & cambric, Manchester and patent cords, Swansdowns & flannels, Rofe, point & duffel blankets, Boys Morocco caps, Ladies shoes & slippers, Steel backboards and cel-lars, Oil cloths & oil flannels, Irish linens and brown Hollands. Nov. 7. That
ROBERT JOHNSTON is now opening a general and well selected assortment of FALL and FASHIONABLE GOODS, which he will sell on moderate terms for Cash, Produce, or at a short credit, by Wholesale or Retail: AMONG WHICH ARE: Superfine & coarse cloths, Cambric & cambric, Manchester and patent cords, Swansdowns & flannels, Rofe, point & duffel blankets, Boys Morocco caps, Ladies shoes & slippers, Steel backboards and cel-lars, Oil cloths & oil flannels, Irish linens and brown Hollands. Nov. 7. That
LOW FOR CASH, OR ON SHORT CREDIT, Direct from Pennington's Manufactory, Philadelphia; LOAF SUGAR, OF an excellent quality, either by the hogshead, barrel, or single loaf. The supply will be regular and large. ALSO—BAR IRON, by the ton or single bar; IRON CASTINGS of various kinds, by the ton or single piece, among which are a few tons of 50 and 60 lbs. weights. MICA JAH DAVIS. 4th of 7th mo. 1804. [eW6m]
LOW FOR CASH, OR ON SHORT CREDIT, Direct from Pennington's Manufactory, Philadelphia; LOAF SUGAR, OF an excellent quality, either by the hogshead, barrel, or single loaf. The supply will be regular and large. ALSO—BAR IRON, by the ton or single bar; IRON CASTINGS of various kinds, by the ton or single piece, among which are a few tons of 50 and 60 lbs. weights. MICA JAH DAVIS. 4th of 7th mo. 1804. [eW6m]
DOCTOR WILSON received yesterday a supply of Peruvian Bark, Castor Oil and Jalap, all of the best quality. He also has Calomel, Rhenbarb, Seina, Mannas, Rochelle and Glauber Salts, Tartar Emetics, Ipecacuanha, Opium, Elastic and Silver Cutaheters, Elastic and common Bougies, &c. &c. He designs to keep a supply of the best Medicines that can be procured, and flatters himself that his acquaintance with Medicine, will entitle him to a share of public patronage. Persons of needy circumstances by paying the retail prices of his Medicines, will be preferred for gratis. October 31. eWtf
DOCTOR WILSON received yesterday a supply of Peruvian Bark, Castor Oil and Jalap, all of the best quality. He also has Calomel, Rhenbarb, Seina, Mannas, Rochelle and Glauber Salts, Tartar Emetics, Ipecacuanha, Opium, Elastic and Silver Cutaheters, Elastic and common Bougies, &c. &c. He designs to keep a supply of the best Medicines that can be procured, and flatters himself that his acquaintance with Medicine, will entitle him to a share of public patronage. Persons of needy circumstances by paying the retail prices of his Medicines, will be preferred for gratis. October 31. eWtf
LANDS FOR SALE.
LANDS FOR SALE.
In the Genesee Country, state of New York. THE Subscriber having charge of part of the Valuable LANDS in the Genesee country, lately under the agency of Charles Williamson, Esq., now offers them for sale on moderate terms either to actual settlers, or to those who declining to settle on the lands themselves, are desirous of investing their monies for the future benefit of their families. The titles of these lands are indisputable. For terms apply to Mr. John Hespel, at the proprietor's land office at Geneva, in the county of Ontario, in the state of New York, or to Mr. Saml. S. Haight at Bath, in the county of Steubens; or to Mr. Frederick Fanning, at Preakon, in the state of Connecticut—or to
In the Genesee Country, state of New York. THE Subscriber having charge of part of the Valuable LANDS in the Genesee country, lately under the agency of Charles Williamson, Esq., now offers them for sale on moderate terms either to actual settlers, or to those who declining to settle on the lands themselves, are desirous of investing their monies for the future benefit of their families. The titles of these lands are indisputable. For terms apply to Mr. John Hespel, at the proprietor's land office at Geneva, in the county of Ontario, in the state of New York, or to Mr. Saml. S. Haight at Bath, in the county of Steubens; or to Mr. Frederick Fanning, at Preakon, in the state of Connecticut—or to
ROBERT TROUP. New York, June 5, 1804. eW6m
ROBERT TROUP. New York, June 5, 1804. eW6m
W. COWAN,
W. COWAN,
WATCH AND CLOCK MAKER, one door below the Eagle Tavern—repairs Watches and Clocks of every description, at the shortest notice. W. C. returns his grateful acknowledgements to his friends and customers, and hopes to merit a continuance of past favours. N. B. He has on hand a few good Watches, with a variety of Chains, Seals, Keys, &c. Which he will dispose of low for cash. December 4. [eWtf]
WATCH AND CLOCK MAKER, one door below the Eagle Tavern—repairs Watches and Clocks of every description, at the shortest notice. W. C. returns his grateful acknowledgements to his friends and customers, and hopes to merit a continuance of past favours. N. B. He has on hand a few good Watches, with a variety of Chains, Seals, Keys, &c. Which he will dispose of low for cash. December 4. [eWtf]
IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE of the ENQUIRER.
IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE of the ENQUIRER.
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND. MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use. Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale. Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as they were on the spot. A—the length of the Boot. C—round the Calf. B—the pitch of ditto. D—round the heel and instep. E—round the instep. G—across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. June 30. epim.
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND. MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use. Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale. Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as they were on the spot. A—the length of the Boot. C—round the Calf. B—the pitch of ditto. D—round the heel and instep. E—round the instep. G—across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. June 30. epim.
TO RENT—For the ensuing year, THE WHITE HOUSE at Harrow Court-house, together with the lots adjoining thereto, that are not attached to the Tavern. The house is a very commodious one with all the necessary offices. Also, for rent, a field containing about an hundred acres adjoining the premises, well calculated for the cultivation of corn. The above property will be rented separately or together, as may best suit those wishing to rent. Terms will be made known by the subscriber living at the Courthouse. BARBARY O. THILMAN. Dec. 1.
TO RENT—For the ensuing year, THE WHITE HOUSE at Harrow Court-house, together with the lots adjoining thereto, that are not attached to the Tavern. The house is a very commodious one with all the necessary offices. Also, for rent, a field containing about an hundred acres adjoining the premises, well calculated for the cultivation of corn. The above property will be rented separately or together, as may best suit those wishing to rent. Terms will be made known by the subscriber living at the Courthouse. BARBARY O. THILMAN. Dec. 1.
FOR SALE. BY virtue of a deed of trust, executed to the subscriber by David Gillispay, senr. of Albemarle county, to secure the payment of a debt due Brown, Watson and Co. and John Watson, will be exposed to public sale, to the highest bidder for ready money, on Tuesday the first day of January, eighteen hundred and five, at Mr. Credie, Higginbotham and Co's store, ten miles above Charlottesville, the tract of land whereon the said Gillispay at present resides, containing one hundred and seventy-five acres, be the same more or less. WILLIAM WOOD, Trustee. Albemarle, Dec. 8. [eW.]
FOR SALE. BY virtue of a deed of trust, executed to the subscriber by David Gillispay, senr. of Albemarle county, to secure the payment of a debt due Brown, Watson and Co. and John Watson, will be exposed to public sale, to the highest bidder for ready money, on Tuesday the first day of January, eighteen hundred and five, at Mr. Credie, Higginbotham and Co's store, ten miles above Charlottesville, the tract of land whereon the said Gillispay at present resides, containing one hundred and seventy-five acres, be the same more or less. WILLIAM WOOD, Trustee. Albemarle, Dec. 8. [eW.]
FOR SALE. BY virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed to the subscriber by Walter Watson of Albemarle county, to secure the payment of a debt due Brown, Watson & Co. will be exposed to public sale to the highest bidder for ready money, on Tuesday the first day of January, eighteen hundred and five, at Mr. Credie, Higginbotham & Co's store, ten miles above Charlottesville—The TRACT OF LAND whereon the said Watson at present resides, containing two hundred and sixty-four acres, be the same more or less. GEO: GARRETT, Trustee. Albemarle, Dec. 8. 3w
FOR SALE. BY virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed to the subscriber by Walter Watson of Albemarle county, to secure the payment of a debt due Brown, Watson & Co. will be exposed to public sale to the highest bidder for ready money, on Tuesday the first day of January, eighteen hundred and five, at Mr. Credie, Higginbotham & Co's store, ten miles above Charlottesville—The TRACT OF LAND whereon the said Watson at present resides, containing two hundred and sixty-four acres, be the same more or less. GEO: GARRETT, Trustee. Albemarle, Dec. 8. 3w
CHOICE LANDS—FOR SALE. A DIVISION of the famous Saura Town Lands having taken place between the heirs of James Park Farley, Esq. decd. and Col. John S. Farley and his sister Mrs. Elizabeth Morton, the subscribers, Robert Taylor of Norfolk, and Charles Duncan at Rossin, near Peterburg, are fully empowered by the said Col. Farley and Mrs. Morton, to dispose of their proportion, containing 12,832 acres, which are surveyed and laid off in eight lots, containing from 500 to 2500 acres, agreeable to plots in the possession of the said Duncan. The four largest lots are of excellent quality, each containing a considerable proportion of the richest low grounds, which produce tobacco of the very first quality, as has been experienced by one of the subscribers, who shipped it for a number of years. Those lands lie on Dan and Smith's rivers, in Rockingham county, on the borders of North Carolina, about 170 miles from Peterburg and Richmond. As there are seldom such lands for sale, they must be an object to those who want to purchase such as will produce fine tobacco, hemp and small grain. One third of the price must be paid in ready money, one third in twelve months, and the other third in two years, the purchaser giving bond with unexceptionable security bearing interest from the date if not punctually paid. Those who wish to purchase will be shown the lands by Doctor John C. Cox, living at Leekville, near Rockingham Court-House, and the terms made known by
CHOICE LANDS—FOR SALE. A DIVISION of the famous Saura Town Lands having taken place between the heirs of James Park Farley, Esq. decd. and Col. John S. Farley and his sister Mrs. Elizabeth Morton, the subscribers, Robert Taylor of Norfolk, and Charles Duncan at Rossin, near Peterburg, are fully empowered by the said Col. Farley and Mrs. Morton, to dispose of their proportion, containing 12,832 acres, which are surveyed and laid off in eight lots, containing from 500 to 2500 acres, agreeable to plots in the possession of the said Duncan. The four largest lots are of excellent quality, each containing a considerable proportion of the richest low grounds, which produce tobacco of the very first quality, as has been experienced by one of the subscribers, who shipped it for a number of years. Those lands lie on Dan and Smith's rivers, in Rockingham county, on the borders of North Carolina, about 170 miles from Peterburg and Richmond. As there are seldom such lands for sale, they must be an object to those who want to purchase such as will produce fine tobacco, hemp and small grain. One third of the price must be paid in ready money, one third in twelve months, and the other third in two years, the purchaser giving bond with unexceptionable security bearing interest from the date if not punctually paid. Those who wish to purchase will be shown the lands by Doctor John C. Cox, living at Leekville, near Rockingham Court-House, and the terms made known by
ROBERT TAYLOR, or CHARLES DUNCAN. Peterburg, Nov. 24. epif
ROBERT TAYLOR, or CHARLES DUNCAN. Peterburg, Nov. 24. epif
Insurance against Fire.
Insurance against Fire.
Phenix Fire Office, London, May 1, 1804. THE numerous and destructive Fires which have happened within the period of the two last years, in different parts of Europe and America, (more particular in the towns of Liverpool in England, Gothenburg in Sweden, and Norfolk in Virginia,) render it proper to remind all persons who possess property in the United States of America of the utility of insurance. The Phoenix Office of London, is an institution sufficiently known by the very large and important losses it has paid, in consequence of the extensive conflagrations in the cities and towns of America to such fullers as have had the prudence to protect their property, by insurance. The Phoenix Company deeply regret that, owing to the expense of various and continued losses, upon the buildings and stores in the timber towns, no alteration nor remission on such risks can be made at present—but the Directors hope, from the increase of brick and stone buildings, and other improvements of security, that the period is not far distant, when they will be able generally, to mitigate the rates of insurance in North America; and they confidently presume that the promptitude and honor with which they have uniformly fulfilled their extensive engagements, have unequivocally established the solidity, credit, and good faith of the Company. The Phoenix Company grant insurances upon buildings, goods and ships, whilst in dock or in harbor, from loss or damage by fire, upon the most moderate and equitable terms; and persons desirous of securing their property by policies from this company, are requested to transmit their orders to their correspondents in Great Britain. Nov. 3. epif.
Phenix Fire Office, London, May 1, 1804. THE numerous and destructive Fires which have happened within the period of the two last years, in different parts of Europe and America, (more particular in the towns of Liverpool in England, Gothenburg in Sweden, and Norfolk in Virginia,) render it proper to remind all persons who possess property in the United States of America of the utility of insurance. The Phoenix Office of London, is an institution sufficiently known by the very large and important losses it has paid, in consequence of the extensive conflagrations in the cities and towns of America to such fullers as have had the prudence to protect their property, by insurance. The Phoenix Company deeply regret that, owing to the expense of various and continued losses, upon the buildings and stores in the timber towns, no alteration nor remission on such risks can be made at present—but the Directors hope, from the increase of brick and stone buildings, and other improvements of security, that the period is not far distant, when they will be able generally, to mitigate the rates of insurance in North America; and they confidently presume that the promptitude and honor with which they have uniformly fulfilled their extensive engagements, have unequivocally established the solidity, credit, and good faith of the Company. The Phoenix Company grant insurances upon buildings, goods and ships, whilst in dock or in harbor, from loss or damage by fire, upon the most moderate and equitable terms; and persons desirous of securing their property by policies from this company, are requested to transmit their orders to their correspondents in Great Britain. Nov. 3. epif.
WASHINGTON TAVERN.
WASHINGTON TAVERN.
THE subscriber has taken a lease of this tenement for a number of years, and has put it in a state of repair which renders it not inferior to any in this City. Beside the Tavern he has detached buildings, well calculated to accommodate those who are anxious of greater privacy than a tavern usually affords. These tenements adjoin the public square, and are within two hundred yards of the Capitol. They have decided advantages over any other houses in this City, with respect to pure air and excellent water. He has good stables and a constant supply of the best provand. He renders his services to his friends at the public, and offers them, that no unlawful gaming, nor any other practice which might, in any degree, have a tendency to disturb the peace of his house, will ever be permitted. EDWARD HALLAM. Richmond, September 26.
THE subscriber has taken a lease of this tenement for a number of years, and has put it in a state of repair which renders it not inferior to any in this City. Beside the Tavern he has detached buildings, well calculated to accommodate those who are anxious of greater privacy than a tavern usually affords. These tenements adjoin the public square, and are within two hundred yards of the Capitol. They have decided advantages over any other houses in this City, with respect to pure air and excellent water. He has good stables and a constant supply of the best provand. He renders his services to his friends at the public, and offers them, that no unlawful gaming, nor any other practice which might, in any degree, have a tendency to disturb the peace of his house, will ever be permitted. EDWARD HALLAM. Richmond, September 26.
HUGH J. CRAWFORD,
HUGH J. CRAWFORD,
HAS Just Received, per the ship Alexander, from London: A general Assortment of Genuine DRUGS & MEDICINES, which he will dispose of on moderate terms. Richmond, Dec. 25. (12w2m)
HAS Just Received, per the ship Alexander, from London: A general Assortment of Genuine DRUGS & MEDICINES, which he will dispose of on moderate terms. Richmond, Dec. 25. (12w2m)