Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1805-04-10 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS
[VOL. XII.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1145.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum....paid in advance.]
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 1805.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
(By Authority.)
AN ACT
For ascertaining and adjusting the titles and claims to land, within the territory of Orleans, and the district of Louisiana.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
That any person or persons, and the legal representatives of any person or persons, who on the first day of October, in the year one thousand eight hundred, were resident within the territories ceded by the French Republic to the United States, by the treaty of the thirtieth of April, one thousand eight hundred and three, and who had prior to the said first day of October, one thousand eight hundred, obtained from the French or Spanish governments respectively, during the time either of the said governments had the actual possession of said territories, any duly registered warrant, or order of survey for lands lying within the said territories, to which the Indian title had been extinguished, and which were on that day actually inhabited and cultivated by such person or persons, or for his or their use, shall be confirmed in their claims to such lands in the same manner as if their titles had been completed: Provided however , That no such incomplete title shall be confirmed, unless the person in whose name such warrant or order of survey had been granted, was at the time of its date, either the head of a family or above the age of twenty-one years: nor unless the conditions and terms on which the completion of the grant might depend, shall have been fulfilled.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted , That to every person, or to the legal representative or representatives of every person, who being either the head of a family or twenty-one years of age, had prior to the twentieth day of December, one thousand, eight hundred and three, with the permission of the proper Spanish officer, and in conformity with the laws, usages and customs of the Spanish government made an actual settlement on a tract of land within the said territories, not claimed by virtue of the preceding section, or of any Spanish or French grant made and completed before the first day of October, one thousand eight hundred, and during the time the government which made such grant, had the actual possession of the said territories, and who did on the said twentieth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and three, actually inhabit and cultivate the said tract of land; the tract of land thus inhabited and cultivated shall be granted: Provided however , That not more than one tract shall be thus granted to any one person, and the same shall not contain more than one mile square, together with such other and further quantity as heretofore has been allowed for the wife and family of such actual settler, agreeably to the laws, usages and customs of the Spanish government: Provided also , That this donation shall not be made to any person who claims any other tract of land in the said territories by virtue of any French or Spanish grant.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted , That for the purpose of more conveniently ascertaining the titles and claims to land in the territory ceded as aforesaid, the territory of Orleans shall be laid off into two districts, in such manner as the President of the United States shall direct: in each of which, he shall appoint, in the recess of the Senate, but who shall be nominated at their next meeting for their advice and consent, a register; who shall receive the same annual compensation, give security in the same manner, and in the same sums, and whose duties and authorities shall in every respect be the same in relation to the lands which shall hereafter be disposed of at their offices, as are by law provided with respect to the registers in the several offices established for the disposal of the lands of the United States, north of the river Ohio and above the mouth of Kentucky river. The President of the United States shall likewise appoint a recorder of land titles in the district of Louisiana, who shall give security in the same manner and in the same sums, and shall be entitled to the same annual compensation, as the registers of the several land offices.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted , That every person claiming lands in the above mentioned territories, by virtue of any legal French or Spanish grant, made and completed before the first day of October, one thousand eight hundred, and during the time the government which made such grant, had the actual possession of the territories, may, and every person claiming lands in the said territories, by virtue of the two first sections of this act, or by virtue of any grant or incomplete title bearing date subsequent to the first day of October, one thousand eight hundred, shall before the first day of March, one
thousand eight hundred and six, deliver to the register of the land office, or recorder of land titles, within whose district the land may be a notice, in writing, stating the nature and extent of his claims, together with a plat of the tract or tracts claimed; and shall also, on or before that day, deliver to the said Register or Recorder, for the purpose of being recorded, every grant, order of survey, deed, conveyance or other written evidence of his claim; and the same shall be recorded by the Register or Recorder, or by the translator herein after mentioned, in books to be kept by them for that purpose, on receiving from the parties at the rate of twelve and a half cents for every hundred words contained in such written evidence of their claim: Provided however , That where lands are claimed by virtue of a complete French or Spanish grant as aforesaid, it shall not be necessary for the claimant to have any other evidence of his claim recorded, except the original grant or patent, together with the warrant or order of survey and the plat; but all the other conveyances or deeds shall be deposited with the Register or Recorder to be by them laid before the commissioners hereinafter directed to be appointed, when they shall take the claim into consideration. And if such person shall neglect to deliver such notice in writing of his claim, together with a plat as aforesaid, or cause to be recorded such written evidence of the same, all his right so far as the same is derived from the two first sections of this act, shall become void, and forever thereafter be barred; nor shall any incomplete grant, warrant, order of survey, deed of conveyance, or other written evidence which shall not be recorded, as above directed, ever after be considered, or admitted as evidence in any court of the United States, against any grant derived from the United States. The said Register and Recorder shall commence the duties hereby enjoined on them, on or before the first day of September next, and continue to discharge the same, at such place in their respective districts, as the President of the United States shall direct.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted , That two persons to be appointed, by the President alone, for the district of Louisiana, and two persons, to be in the same manner appointed for each of the districts directed by this act to be laid off in the territory of Orleans, shall together with the Register or Recorder of the district for which they may be appointed, be commissioners for the purpose of ascertaining within their respective districts the rights of persons claiming under any French or Spanish grant as aforesaid, or under the two first sections of this act. The said commissioners shall previous to their entering on the duties of their appointments, respectively take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation before some person qualified to administer the same: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will impartially exercise and discharge the duties imposed, on me by an act of Congress, entitled, 'An act for ascertaining and adjusting the titles and claims to land within the territory of Orleans and the district of Louisiana' to the best of my skill and judgment;" It shall be the duty of the said commissioners to meet in their respective districts, at such place as the President shall have directed therein, for the residence of the Register or Recorder on or before the first day of December next, and they shall not adjourn to any other place, nor for a longer time than three days until the first day of March, one thousand eight hundred and six, and until they shall have completed the business of their appointment. Each board, or a majority of each board, shall in their respective districts, have power to hear and decide in a summary manner all matters respecting such claims, also to administer oaths to compel the attendance of, and examine witnesses, and such other testimony as may be adduced, to demand and obtain from the proper officer and officers, all public records in which grants of land, warrants, or orders of survey, or any other evidence of claims to land, derived from either the French or Spanish governments may have been recorded; to take transcripts of such record or records, or of any part thereof, to have access to all other records of a public nature, relative to the granting, sale, transfer, or titles of lands, within their respective districts; and to decide in a summary way, according to justice and equity, on all claims filed with the register or recorder in conformity with the provisions of this act, and on all complete French or Spanish grants, the evidence of which though not thus filed, may be found of record on the public records of such grants; which decisions shall be laid before Congress, in the manner herein after directed, and be subject to their determination thereon: Provided however , that nothing in this act contained, shall be construed so as to recognise any grant or incomplete title bearing date subsequent to the first day of Oc-
tober, one thousand eight hundred, or to authorise the commissioners aforesaid to make any decision thereon. The said boards respectively shall have power to appoint a clerk whose duty it shall be to enter in a book to be kept for that purpose, full and correct minutes of their proceedings and decisions, together with the evidence on which such decisions are made, which books and papers, on the dissolution of the boards, shall be deposited in the respective offices of the registers of the land offices, or of the recorder of land titles of the district; and the said clerk shall prepare two transcripts of all the decisions made by the commissioners in favor of the claimants to land; both of which shall be signed by a majority of the said commissioners and one of which shall be transmitted to the officer exercising in the district, the authority of surveyor general; and the other to the secretary of the treasury. It shall likewise be the duty of the said commissioners to make to the secretary of the treasury a full report of all the claims filed with the register of the proper land office, or recorder of land titles as above directed, which may have been rejected, together with the substance of the evidence adduced in support thereof, and such remarks thereon as they may think proper; which reports together with the transcripts of the decisions of the commissioners in favor of the claimants, shall be laid by the secretary of the treasury before Congress at their next ensuing meeting. When any Spanish or French grant, warrant, or order of survey, as aforesaid, shall be produced to either of the said boards, for lands, which were not at the date of such grant, warrant, or order of survey, or within one year thereafter, inhabited cultivated or occupied, be or for the use of the grantee; or whenever either of the said boards shall not be satisfied that such grant, warrant, or order of survey, did issue at the time when the same bears date, but that the same is antedated or otherwise fraudulent; the said commissioners shall be bound to consider such grant, warrant, or order of survey, as conclusive evidence of the title; but may require such other proof of their validity as they may deem proper. Each of the commissioners and clerks aforesaid shall be allowed a compensation of two thousand dollars in full for his services as such; and each of the said clerks shall, previous to his entering on the duties of his office, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation—to wit: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will truly and faithfully discharge the duties of a clerk to the board of commissioners, for examining the claims to land, as enjoined by an act of Congress entitled "An act ascertaining and adjusting the titles and claims to land within the territory of Orleans, and the district of Louisiana." Which oath or affirmation shall be entered on the minutes of the board.
Sec. 6. And be it further enacted , That the secretary of the treasury shall be, and he is hereby authorised to employ three agents, one for each board, and whose compensation shall not exceed one thousand five hundred dollars each, for the purpose of appearing before the commissioners, in behalf of the United States, to investigate the claims for lands and to oppose all such as said agents may deem fraudulent and unfounded. It shall also be the duty of the said agent for the district of Louisiana, to examine into, and investigate the titles and claims, if any there be, to the lead mines within the said district, to collect all the evidence within his power with respect to the claims to, and value of the said mines, and to lay the same before the commissioners, who shall make a special report thereof, with their opinions thereon to the secretary of the treasury, to be by him laid before congress at their next ensuing session.—The said board of commissioners shall each be authorised to employ a translator of the Spanish and French languages to assist them in the dispatch of the business which may be brought before them, and for the purpose of recording Spanish and French grants, deeds, or other evidence of claims on the register's books. The said translator shall receive for the recording done by him, the fees already provided by law, and may be allowed, not exceeding fifty dollars, for every month he shall be employed; provided that the whole compensation other than that arising from fees, shall not exceed six hundred dollars.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted , That the powers vested by law in the surveyor of the lands of the United States, south of the state of Tennessee, shall extend over all the public lands of the United States, to which the Indian title has been, or shall hereafter be extinguished, within the said territory of Orleans; and it shall be the duty of the said surveyor, to cause such of the said lands as the President of the United States shall expressly direct to be surveyed, and divided, as nearly as the nature of the country will admit, in the same manner and under the same regu-
larities as are required in the survey of the lands of the United States north west of the river Ohio, and above the mouth of Kentucky river.
Sec. 8. And be it further enacted , That the location or locations of lands which Major General La Fayette is by law authorised to make on any lands, the property of the United States, in the territory of Orleans, shall be made with the Register or Registers of the land offices established by this act in the said territory: the surveys thereof shall be executed under the authority of the surveyor of the lands of the United States, south of Tennessee; and a patent or patents thereof shall issue, on presenting such surveys to the secretary of the treasury, together with a certificate of the proper Register or Registers, stating that the land is not rightfully claimed by any other person: Provided , That no location or survey made by virtue of this section shall contain less than one thousand acres, nor include any improved lands or lots, salt spring or lead mine.
Sec. 9. And be it further enacted , That a sum not exceeding fifty thousand dollars, to be paid out of any unappropriated monies in the treasury, be, and the same is hereby appropriated for the purpose of carrying this act into effect.
NATHL. MACON,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
A. BURR,
Vice-President of the United States and President of the Senate.
March 2, 1805—APPROVED,
TH: JEFFERSON.
Resolutions expressive of the sense of Congress of the gallant conduct of Commodore Edward Preble, the officers, seamen and marines of his squadron.
RESOLVED, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the thanks of Congress be, and the same are hereby presented to commodore Edward Preble, and through him, to the officers, petty officers, seamen and marines attached to the squadron, under his command, for their gallantry and good conduct, displayed in the several attacks on the town, batteries and naval force of Tripoli, in the year one thousand eight hundred and four.
Resolved, That the President of the United States be requested to cause a gold medal to be struck, emblematical of the attacks on the town, batteries and naval force of Tripoli, by the squadron under commodore Preble's command, and to present it to commodore Preble, in such manner, as in his opinion will be most honorable to him: And that the President be further requested to cause a sword to be presented to each of the commissioned officers and midshipmen who have distinguished themselves in the several attacks.
Resolved, That one month's pay be allowed exclusively of the common allowance to all the petty officers, seamen and marines of the squadron who so gloriously supported the honor of the American flag, under the orders of their gallant commander in the several attacks.
Resolved, That the President of the United States be also requested to communicate to the parents or other relatives of captain Richard Somers, lieutenants Henry Wadsworth, James Decatur, James R. Caldwell, Joseph Israel, and midshipman John Sward Dorsey, the deep regret which Congress feel for the loss of those gallant men, whose names ought to live in the recollection and affection of a grateful country, and whose conduct ought to be regarded as an example to future generations.
NATHL. MACON,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
JOS. ANDERSON,
President of the Senate pro tempore.
March 3, 1805.
APPROVED,
TH: JEFFERSON,
Attest, JOHN BECKLEY,
Clerk of the House of Representatives.
SAML. A. OTIS,
Secretary of the Senate.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Wednesday, January 31.
DEBATE ON THE GEORGIA CLAIMS.
(Mr. Findley's Speech concluded.)
Mr. F. said that from this view of the subject he had made up his mind to vote in favor of the report of the Committee of Claims. That he had not made up his mind lightly, that he had been prepossessed against it, but it becoming his duty to decide, he had thrown aside these prepossessions and examined the case with all the coolness and deliberation of which he was capable and would give his vote as he had made up his mind without consulting or relying on the opinions of others, for he was responsible only for his own opinion.
To this however he had heard objections of a kind, and delivered in a manner which would receive no answer from him. He would, however, take notice of some made by his colleague (Mr. Lucas.) He had said that as the land sold had been estimated at a little above 20,000,000 of acres, and that the second-hand purchasers claimed forty millions of acres, and the commissioners had made the estimate at 35,000,000 of acres, that this was a proof of fraud on their part and a sufficient reason for refusing their claim. He said he would beg leave to inform that gentleman that even in the state where he lived many surveys had much more land than was named in the patent, and the owner would hold the land without being subject to any imputation of fraud. That the sales now in question, and prior sales by the state of Georgia, not being sold by actual admeasurement but by natural boundaries, closed by parallels of latitude, it was impossible to estimate the amount with accuracy, and that it was the duty of the seller as much as the purchaser to take care that the estimate was correct, and that let the mistake be where it would it was by no means chargeable to the second-hand purchasers—the purchasers to whom bribing the Assembly of Georgia could not be imputed as they resided at above a thousand miles distance and never went to Georgia to make a speculation.
Mr. F. said that on reflection, the acute discernment of his colleague would convince him that the claim of the Wabash company for confirmation of their purchases from the Indians during the royal government, and others which he had introduced that were contrary to the rules of that government, or speculations which he now informs us are making with the Indians further to the westward, had not the least analogy to the claim in question, that this was so evident as to need no explanation. He further observed that his colleague's argument drawn from the character he was pleased to make for the people of New England, was irrelevant to the question, and that at least with respect to land speculations was not founded in fact. If he took the character of those people from the seafaring men who made their living by trading along the southern coast, that character would by no means apply to citizen farmers of that country.
Such addresses had been openly made to party spirit and to the motives and virtue of the members as were unbecoming public bodies and unprecedented. We were in this country in the habit of believing that men who took a solemn oath to serve the public faithfully might differ in their opinion, but that they would still vote agreeable to their convictions, especially when they had no interest in doing otherwise; but on this question they were called on to rescue their characters from the charge of corruption and impure motives, and the legislature turned into a court of inquisition. In support of this unusual mode of argument his colleague had with numerous repetitions, said that he would not act in that house otherwise than he would do out of doors, and that he would not act in the house in such a manner as he would blush for out of doors, &c. Mr. F. said he would assure his colleague that in this they were agreed, and so he believed all the members of the house; but as this was an insinuation that the gentleman ascribed this purity peculiarly to himself, to correct that impression he would assure him that he would also act in this house as he would do out of doors, and that he would act such a part as never would lay him under the painful necessity of blushing in secret—in a situation where temporary popularity could give no relief to a wounded mind. He wished it still to be understood that he sincerely believed that other members would vote differently with the purest intentions, but these members being honest themselves did not impute nor even insinuate a suspicion of dishonesty in those who differed from them in opinion; doing so indeed looks so much the worse when it is charged on those who are acknowledged to be the majority of the representation of the United States. For his own part he would not think himself justified in applying such arguments against the smallest minority he had ever seen in a public body.
Mr. F. said from a long opportunity of observation he believed that the people of New England, were the least skillful or the most simple of any of the people in the United States, in the purchases of land, and that in endeavoring to account for this, he thought he had found sufficient data. Their country was long settled, there had in the present generation been few if any contests about original titles. They well knew that in sales between one man and another, there might be frauds, but that governments should issue fraudulent patents or grant titles on which disputes might afterwards arise, was a circumstance with which they were unacquainted. He well knew that about the same time that this purchase was made, land meddling swindlers went from Pennsylvania,

with a bundle of deeds for land and the law agreeable to which they were made. and sold them in Massachusetts. The land indeed was not settled, but was sold to individuals or companies. The people in these old settlements had no suspicion because they had no experience, of a vast body of land, at least now six counties in Pennsylvania unsettled, being at the same time appropriated to others. They purchased the fraudulent deeds and many of them moved their families into the wilderness, and sat down on heavy timbered land reputed to be dear of the clearing, and after they had spent their strength and endured incalculable hardships, found that the land was not their own but the property of some Pennsylvania or foreign company or other land jobbers. He was informed of this peddling or swindling business by the then members from Massachusetts, who enquired of him for information, he informed them that the whole business was a fraud, that all the land in question had been sold long before, though not settled, and he advised them to inform their people. They did so, and put a stop to this mischievous business. But after they had paid the swindlers and cleared the heavy brush weeds to make a living, they were ejected, and no doubt after paying their money and spending their labor were averse to giving up their residence, but he understood by the newspapers that they were making overtures to the legal owners for the purchase of the titles.
The lease of the Wyoming settlers from Connecticut in Pennsylvania, which had given so much trouble to that state, and to whose claims he had been opposed, and had assisted in making laws against them, he considered as a proof of the observation he had made, they had rashly confided in a claim of the Connecticut government, to part of Pennsylvania, and before that claim was decided had made purchases, and removed their families to the land they purchased under that claim, they had defended it against the Indians, by whom many of them had been butchered in a most shocking manner, and they had resisted the laws of Pennsylvania, even after judgment was finally given against the claims of Connecticut by a court appointed for that purpose, by the old Congress. They defeated even some laws expressly made for their advantage and continued to live in poverty and uncertainty, long since this contest, they might have taken lands in that state agreeably to law, on very easy terms and have lived undisturbed. In all this contest during more than forty years, they have given a continued testimony of simplicity with respect to claims and titles for land, and at the same time however they have set a notable example of perseverance under the greatest difficulties occasioned by a savage war, and some times from an armed force from Pennsylvania. The proprietary government, of that state never proposed to quiet these settlements as had been done with intruders from other states, it having previously granted the land to others but their obstinate perseverance has had its effect. After trying various and sometimes inconsistent methods, Pennsylvania has found it best at last to quiet their settlements on moderate terms, and for this purpose, to purchase the rights of the original purchasers from the proprietary government.
It had been objected to him by another of his colleagues, that he had himself voted for the repeal of a contract in the state legislature; from his knowledge of that gentleman's candor, and discernment (Mr. Gregg,) he knew he would not have made this observation, if he had examined the case. Mr. F. said, in the course of a longer life than was common to many, at one time or other in all the various public bodies, which instituted or conducted republican governments, he had given some votes which he regretted, and many which he would not give again, if he had the opportunity, and he would never admit that a member was inconsistent for changing his opinion on better information; for what purpose is all our painful studies and wearisome debates but to inform our judgment; and of what use is this information if we cannot take advantage of it for the public good, and if we have voted wrong, if we cannot correct it by changing our vote, we ought to prevent all discussions, all reading and study, and become mere machines. But though he advocated this right, he did not need it on this occasion, nor for his vindication against the charge of inconsistency.
The bank of North America, the first bank in the United States, not chartered by the old congress, which had no constitutional authority to grant charters; but the situation of the United States at that period, justified an extraordinary exertion. Congress however, well knowing their own want of power, recommended it to the states, also to grant charters to the bank. The state of Pennsylvania, granted a charter, other states refused to do it. The bank was put in operation. In 1784, a new company applied for a charter, the bank of North America, the only one, at that time in the United States opposed it, although parties were heard by counsel before the legislature, but the decision on the question was postponed. In 1785, the question was taken up, the bank company was again heard by counsel in favor of their exclusive monopoly without limitation of time, the incorporating law was repealed, and afterwards a new charter was granted for a limited time and with such restrictions of the monopoly as has permitted the operation of other banks in the state of Pennsylvania, and other states. This however, was a charter of privileges
which in free governments, are always subject to the discretion of the legislature, no price is paid for them, and the privilege may be always withdrawn, when the public good requires it. But the claim before the house is of quite a different nature. it is a transfer of property by a competent authority, for which a more valuable consideration had been received by that state, than, for any sale of lands by that state, before or since that time, and the present claimants, on the faith of government, had their purchase at a still much higher rate. Much had been said about the extent of the purchase by the original grantees, and the corruption of the legislature, but that was not before the house. The condition of the convention between the United States and Georgia was that, not 40 nor 35, nor 21,000,000 of acres, should be given to satisfy those claims, but that 5,000,000 of acres or some part thereof should be given, but 5,000,000 of acres is by that convention vested in the United States as a deposit for that purpose, and if not so applied, the deposit is to be returned to the state of Georgia; these are the facts on record, and if the record is true, the assertion so boldly made that those who voted in favor of the report of the committee of claims, were putting their hand into the public purse, that it was public robbery, &c. was not only unfounded, it was mere declamation. He would not say for what purpose. It was not the property or purse of the United States, but a deposit put in the hands of the United States, for the very purpose for which the resolution before the house proposes to apply it.
Mr. F. said, that this was not only the opinion of the committee of claims, but of the commissioners of the United States, who had the best opportunity of understanding the subject, and whose talents and integrity, it will be admitted, are not inferior to that of any member on this floor, and in their words he would conclude. In their report they say, that the interest of the United States, the tranquility of those who may hereafter inhabit that territory, and various equitable considerations that may be urged in favor of most of the present claimants, render it expedient to enter into a compromise on equitable terms.
Mr. Root began by observing that he should not undertake a lengthy and elaborate discussion of the merits of this claim. He was not disposed minutely to enquire into the legality or equity of the claims derived under the act of Georgia of 1795. Although he believed that the New England purchasers were entitled to recover both in law and in equity—that the fee of the lands in question was vested in them beyond any legislative control, yet as they had offered terms of compromise, and as gentlemen have inclined to put the issue upon the expediency of the measure, he should chiefly confine himself to the answering of such objections as he had heard offered in opposition to the claim. He said that he had listened attentively during this debate, and the first objection which possessed any claim to argument, fell from the first gentleman from Virginia, (Mr. J. Randolph). The objection is this:—that the New England company were purchasers with notice—that is that they had notice of the fraud before they became purchasers; that they knew the sales by Georgia were void, and purchasing with their eyes open, they must sustain the loss—and how, he inquired, has this notice been shown? By whom and on whom has it been served? The gentleman from Virginia who first spoke on this question has, to be sure, referred us to the President's message of the 17th of February, 1795, and this he is pleased to denounce a notice. It may be a notice for ought I know, but surely it did not satisfy even Congress, much less the citizens of Boston, that the act of Georgia was passed in fraud, was ab initio void, or that a subsequent legislature would annul the grant. That message did notify Congress that Georgia had passed a law for selling a part of her vacant lands, and expressed some apprehensions for the future peace of the United States [Here Mr. Root read the President's message of the 17th February, of 1795 and inferred from the message itself that the President's apprehensions arose from the circumstance of that country's being inhabited by warlike Indians, and that he communicated the information to Congress in order that pacific measures might be adopted.] Is this continued Mr. R. a notice of fraud? Is this a causa to notify purchasers to beware? But, Mr. Speaker, is this message interpreted into a notice of an adverse claim? If so, in whom did that adverse claim exist? Surely not in Georgia, after she had passed all her right. Did it exist in the United States? Such a claim was not asserted by the President in his message. And indeed it appears from a perusal of the bill reported by the select committee to whom that message was referred, that no assertion of claim to the lands in question was then contemplated. (Mr. Root read the bill alluded to, purporting as follows: "Be it enacted, &c. that the President be authorised to accept by purchase or donation, from the state of Georgia, a relinquishment and cession of the claim of the state to the whole or any part of the lands lying within the limits of the same, and without the ordinary jurisdiction thereof.") Georgia owned other vacant lands out of her ordinary jurisdiction, than those sold by her to the several companies of 1795. A cession of these lands to the United States appears to have been the object of that committee—and how could they have acted
otherwise? It was known to the gentlemen composing that committee that Congress under the old confederation, and since the adoption of the federal constitution, had repeatedly recognized the right of Georgia to the lands in question. Prior to the year 1788, Congress had, at three several times requested the state of Georgia to cede a portion of her vacant territory to the United States. In that year the state of Georgia by an act of her legislature authorised her delegates in Congress to cede and convey to the United States a portion of her vacant lands including the same tract now claimed by the New England purchasers. This territory was to have been ceded under certain restrictions and conditions for a certain compensation to be paid by the U. States. Congress refused to accept of the cession,—not because the lands were claimed by the U. S.—not from any supposed defect of title in Georgia,—but because the terms were thought to be improper and inadmissible. And Congress thereupon by another resolution proposed to accept a cession of the lands in question, on other terms and under other conditions. (Here Mr. Root read copious extracts from the journals of the old Congress, to show the recognition of the right of Georgia to the lands now in controversy.) By several public acts and documents, continued Mr. R. have the government of the United States, since that time, acknowledged and maintained the right of Georgia to these lands. The United States have also, by tacit consent, acknowledged the right of Georgia. That state as early as the year 1780, asserted her claim by a public act of her legislature. In the year 1789, she made a conditional sale of the same lands, and in 1795, by a legislative act sold them to the several companies under which the New England purchasers claim to hold. No objection on the part of the U. States was made to these several public acts—& by a known rule of law, silence and acquiescence in such cases is tantamount to an express consent and confirmation. Under these circumstances I should hardly suppose that the President's message amounted to a notice of an adverse claim.
Another gentleman from Virginia (Mr. Clarke) alleging that "an actual notice is not necessary,"—that "a constructive notice is sufficient," which positions I shall not undertake to deny, has relied with much apparent confidence on the circumstance that the deed to the New England company was executed on the same day that the rescinding act of Georgia, was passed. He infers from this that the citizens of Boston must have known on the 15th of February 1796, that the legislature of Georgia were about to annul their grants and pass their famed rescinding act on that day. We have not yet been told that that celebrated act was long in its passage through the different branches of the legislature, nor have we any evidence to convince us that the efficiency of which the gentleman speaks, flew like an electric shock almost instantaneously from Georgia to Massachusetts. It is fair to presume that the purchasers never conjured that a rescinding act could be passed till after their contract was completed. The covenant for the purchase was entered into at Boston, in the month of September, 1795, between the agent of the original grantees and the New England purchasers. In October, 1795, payment in full of the balance of the consideration money was made, and the executive of Georgia made out his order for indorsing satisfaction on the mortgage and for delivering up the same. The act of the legislature of Georgia authorising the grant, the deed executed by the governor according to law, the certificate of the payment in full of the consideration money, and the executive order for indorsing satisfaction on the mortgage being all shown to the New England purchasers, could they believe that the grant was void? Bred to respect the acts of lawful authority, accustomed to repose confidence in the contracts of government, and educated in the belief that private rights and private property would not be wantonly despoiled, they required some further notice of the fraud, at least of such fraud as might avoid the grant, than the mere surmises or whispers of the traveler. Thus Mr. Speaker, I think this formidable notice results in this;—that the President had been informed of the passage of the act of Georgia of 1795,—he thought, unless precautionary steps were taken, that it might embroil us with the Indians, and deemed it proper to communicate the information to Congress.
Another objection is made by the gentleman from Virginia (Mr. J. Randolph) who first addressed you, that the claimants will perhaps reject the proffered compromise, and afterwards plead our own statute book as a recognition of their claim. This objection can easily be remedied in the bill to be passed pursuant to the resolution now under consideration. A proviso can, and undoubtedly will, be inserted, that in case a compromise shall not be effected, the act shall not be so construed as to impair the rights of the United States, or to strengthen the title of the claimants.
(Speech to be concluded in our next.) FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. Bonaparte's Gigantic Projects. PARIS, January 18. Every thing concurs to render it probable, that we shall soon be able to announce the accession of his Imperial High-
ness Prince Joseph, brother of the Emperor to the throne of Lombardy—(late the Cisalpine Republic.) The Emperor's journey to Italy will be connected with the new monarchy; and it is said his Holiness will on his return to Rome, perform the coronation of the new King of Lombardy. The arrangements for a new organization of the Kingdom of Etruria, are not yet ripe for execution. A division of the grenadiers and chasseurs of the Imperial Body Guards has marched to Lyons, from thence they proceeded to Milan; whither a detachment from the corps of Mamelukes is already gone. There are now in this city deputies from the Italian (Cisalpine) Republic, with instructions to offer the crown to Bonaparte, as king of Lombardy.
LONDON, Feb. 6. Bonaparte is on the point of again crossing the Alps; and to make another visit to Italy. Let Austria beware! She neglected this caution before the battle of Marengo, & she lost Italy. Bonaparte's Mamelukes and his guards have already left Paris, and are immediately to be followed by his Imperial Majesty. The elevation of his brother Joseph to the throne of Lombardy, which has been offered by a deputation from the Italian Republic, is alleged to be the sole cause of his journey—it is only one of the causes.—For some time past troops have been filing off from the Eastern and South Eastern parts of France to Italy—it is even said, that the Italian detachments which formed part of the encampments at Boulogne and along the Western coast of France, have broken up, and returned to Italy, under the pretence that the cold weather was injurious to troops used to a warmer climate. The increase of the French troops in Italy, and the position they took along the Adriatic shore, and on the Neapolitan frontier, was supposed to be with a view of occupying Naples, and of defeating any attempts that might be made by the Russian troops in Corfu. Whether Austria saw that so large a force could not be required to defeat the designs which the Russians in Corfu might entertain, or to over-run and occupy the whole kingdom of Naples, we know not, but she began to form a cordon upon her frontier from the Tyrol to Venice. She has alleged the epidemic distemper in Tuscany as the cause of this cordon—a pretence which does not deceive Bonaparte, who certainly perceives that so large a force can only be for the purpose of observation. It is evident that Austria suspects him. He has endeavored to quiet her apprehensions by an express condition that the new King of Lombardy shall renounce all claim to the succession to the Imperial crown of France, and that the titles of Emperor of France and King of Lombardy shall never be united in the same person. But these assurances have not produced the effect of removing the apprehensions of Austria, or of inducing her to withdraw her cordon: she has recently increased it. Hence the altercation at the levee between Bonaparte and the Count Cobentzel, to whom the former spoke in the language of insult and defiance.
The aggrandizement of his family, an aggrandizement for which they shall be indebted solely to him, is the vast object of his ambition. To give his family a power and a consequence which none ever possessed before; to be Emperor, reigning over dependent Kings—Kings bearing his name, and created by himself; is the grand scheme and determination of his mind—Kings of Italy, & of Holland, Switzerland, and of Spain, all stripped from the same tree and planted in the different soils of Europe by himself.—The Pope is conveniently absent from Rome, and already do we hear it insinuated that his residence may be fixed elsewhere, by the intended changes in Italy. The kingdom of Etruria is sickly, and is hastening to its dissolution. In this kingdom of Lombardy will be merged the Republics of Liguria and Lucca, the kingdom of Etruria, and even the territories of the church. Naples will be the last part of Italy seized and added to it. That such are Bonaparte's gigantic designs seem to be suspected by Austria and this is the motive of her having assembled so large a cordon. We shall not be surprised to find that Bonaparte's object in passing the Alps, is not to seat his brother on the throne of Lombardy in the first instance, but to place himself at the head of his army, attack & break the Austrian cordon, which, by being too extended, is in no part very strong; which not expecting immediate hostilities, has not collected sufficient ammunition, and other necessaries, and thus drive the Austrians out of the Venetian territories and secure the possession of them to France, that is to the kingdom of Lombardy.—Bonaparte sees that war with Austria is inevitable, and his policy is always to strike the first blow.
ALBANY, March 26. MERCHANTS' BANK. On Thursday last, the Bill for incorporating the Stockholders of the Merchants' Bank, in the city of New-York, was taken up by the House of Assembly in committee of the whole. A number of amendments were proposed to the bill, but were all rejected. On taking the question whether the first enacting clause should pass, it was determined in the affirmative by a majority of twelve.—Thus was decided a question which we have viewed as pregnant with injury to the republican interest in this state. A
large proportion of the Republicans in the Legislature, however, have thought otherwise; they have viewed it as having no relation to politics, and have deemed it essential to the public welfare to pass the Incorporating Act. Whether their decision, in this respect, be a correct one, time alone will determine. We can only hope it may prove to have been well-founded, and that our apprehensions of evil consequences may never be realized.
WASHINGTON CITY, April 5. Extracts of Letters from William Dunbar, Esquire, to Gen. Wilkinson. "NATCHEZ, Feb. 13, 1805." "On my return home I had the pleasure of receiving several of your letters: I have not time at this moment to sit down to make you a reply to all the obliging things you have said; the present is only intended to tell you that I am returned from an excursion on the Washita as high as the hot springs; this will serve as apology for my silence:—this little voyage was undertaken under the auspices of the President, in consequence of a suspension of the more considerable expeditions which were intended up the Arkansas and Red Rivers. The Washita river is nearly parallel to the Mississippi, and about 25 miles from it as high as the Post of the Washita, in 32 30 latitude, and nearly under the same meridian with Natchez; higher up our little river winds round and becomes parallel to the Arkansas river; so that the hot springs are in 34 31 lat. and about 6 h. 13 1-2 West of Greenwich; the latter will be correctly stated when all the calculations are completed: the hot springs are numerous, and are from the temperature of 130 to 150 of Fahrenheit's thermometer. We are not acquainted with any other springs in America to be compared with those in respect to temperature; by analysis the water contains lime and a small portion of iron with a little free carbonic acid: it is a very agreeable tasted water either hot or cold. In the temperature of 130 I found both vegetable & animal life; the former is a species of moss resembling in some measure that which is described by Naturalists under the name of Byssi; the animal is a testaceous Bivalve. I examined it with the microscope when alive, it thrusts four legs out of its shell, of which the two before are pointed, probably to make incisions into the vessels of the moss to obtain its food; the hind legs are not pointed, but rather broad at the extremities to enable the animal to propel itself forward either through the water or on the plant; the largest of them do not exceed the 50th part of an inch, others are scarcely visible to the naked eye. I am now hurrying myself to get my journals transcribed for the President; they are not of much importance, but contain a couple of hundred pages exclusive of the geometrical part; we have taken courses and distances all the way from the mouth of Red River to the hot springs, upwards of 500 miles, and by the old French computation 240 leagues."
"Natchez, Feb. 23.—In my last I was a little premature in my account of the longitude of the hot springs upon the first hasty calculation, which we will now correct: a mistake had been made in correcting the error of the watch. I now find that from a mean of the results derived from nine distances of the moon from Arcturus, the longitude of the hot springs appears to be only 6h. 10m. 5s. West of Greenwich."
Government Security. NEW-YORK LOTTERY. No. III. for the encouragement of Literature, Begins Drawing on the EIGHTH DAY of APRIL next. 25,000 DOLLARS, 10,000 DOLLARS, 5,000 DOLLARS, HIGHEST PRIZES. The Scheme contains 33,000 Tickets, of which 9,913 are Prizes, less than two and a half blanks to a prize—Deduction fifteen per cent. At the session of the Legislature of the state of New-York, on Monday the 12th Nov. 1804, a Resolution passed the Senate, and was concurred in by the House of Assembly, that the drawing of the said Lottery be postponed until the Second Monday in April next, in consequence of the defalcation of one of the managers and that the Legislature will GUARANTEE the PAYMENT of ALL the PRIZES in said Lottery. TICKETS And Halves, Quarters & Eighths ARE TO BE HAD AT G. & R. WAITE'S PERMANENT LOTTERY OFFICES, No. 64, MAIDEN LANE, & No. 38, MARSH DEN LANE, AT THE FOLLOWING PRICES. Whole Tickets Dols. 8 | Quarters, Dols. 2 00 Halves, " 4 25 | Eighths, " 1 50 But as the tickets and shares, have met with such an extraordinary rapid sale throughout every part of the United States, they will speedily advance in price * Distant Adventurers, by inclosing BANK NOTES of ANY DESCRIPTION, may have tickets forwarded them by post, to any part of the Union, by G. & R. WAITE, with the utmost punctuality; and the earliest intelligence of their success—CASH advanced for prizes as soon as drawn, or warranted drawn tickets exchanged for prizes during the drawing. For the satisfaction of adventurers in Richmond and its vicinity, G. & R. Waite will forward to the printer of this paper, the Managers' Official List of Prizes, as soon as printed, where any gentleman can examine his own number.—Letters (post paid) will be duly attended to. New-York, Nov. 23, 1804. * Tickets in the William & Mary College Lottery are for sale at this office.

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
RICHMOND:
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 1805
RICHMOND PRICE CURRENT.
 Tobacco, 33 3/4 Cash.  Wheat, 10 3/4 do.  Flour, fine, 60 do.  Flour, superfine, 63 3/4 do.  Corn, 30 do.  Hemp, (clean) £ 55 do.  Iron, £ 33 do.  Bacon, 13 3/4 do.  Whiskey, 4 3/4 do.  Butter, 1 3/4 do. 
Delegates chosen to serve in the next General Assembly of Virginia.
 City of Richmond, Lewis Harvie.  Chesterfield, Matthew Cheatham and Beverley C. Stans.  Albemarle, Wm. W. Hening and Joel Yancey.  Spottsylvania, Hugh Mercer and John Minor.  Princess Ann, Edward H. Moseley and Lemuel Cornick.  Isle of Wight, Doct. Purdie and Richard W. Byrd. 
ALEXANDRIA, April 2.
Congressional Election.
The voters for a person to represent the counties of Prince William, Loudoun and Fairfax, in the House of Representatives of the United States, were yesterday taken for Prince William: The result, we are informed, was—
 For Col. W. Elzey, 180  For Joseph Lewis, jun. 75  Being 16 more than he had in that county the last election.
FREDERICKSBURG, April 4.
On Tuesday last an Election was held at the courthouse in this county, for a representative in the next congress, for the district composed of the counties of Spottsylvania, Louisa, Orange and Madison; at the close of the poll the votes stood as follows:—
 For Mr. Dawson 469  Mr. Barbour 12  Maj. in Spottsylvania for Dawson 457 
NORFOLK, April 4.
The election for Isle of Wight county was held on the 1st inst. when Edwin Gray received an unanimous vote for Congress.
Same day came on the election for Princess Anne county, when Thomas Newton, jun. was unanimously elected a representative to Congress.
State of the poll for Senator to the General Assembly for the state.
 Thomas Shepherd, 94  R. E. Lee, 93  Wm. Elligood, 25 
FOR THE VIRGINIA ARGUS.
ON the 16 of the 6th mo (June) 1806, there will be a great ECLIPSE of the SUN. An account of which having been lately republished in the Argus from calculations made at Norwich in Connecticut, where it will be total, I thought it not improbable that a curiosity would be excited respecting its phenomena at Richmond—The following is the result of my calculations, adapted to apparent time.
 H. min. sec.  Beginning 9 33 11 A. M.  Greatest obscuration at Richmond. 10 58 00  Ecliptical conjunction, 11 20 15  Middle of the general Eclipse, 11 21 15  End 12 22 1 P. M.  Duration, 2 hours, 48 min 50 seconds.  Digits eclipsed, 10 3/4 on the Sun's North Limb. 
BENJ: BATES.
Hanover, 4th Mo. 1st, 1805.
* More than 3/9 of his diameter.
FOR THE VIRGINIA ARGUS.
COURSE OF JUVENILE EDUCATION.
THE following brief delineation of the course of instruction pursued in J. Ogilvie's school, will enable parents to appreciate with tolerable accuracy, its probable and comparative advantages. Boys from eight or nine, to twelve or fourteen years of age are instructed in reading, writing, latin practical arithmetic, elocution, geography and Euclid's elements. As soon as the pupil has attained a competent knowledge of these elementary parts of literature, his attention is directed to the philosophy of grammar and Rhetoric, to history, to Algebra, conic sections and the higher branches of arithmetic. The fast stage of his progress comprehends, ethics, political economy, the philosophy of the human mind, the laws of nature and nations, Newton's Principia and Fluxions.
In teaching the philosophy of grammar and rhetoric, the books principally used, are, Tookes's Analysis of language, Harris's Hermes, Campbell's philosophy of rhetoric, Allison on Taste, Burke on the sublime, and Blair's lectures. In studying Ethics and political economy, the books principally used, are, Smith's Theory of moral sentiments, Price on Morals, Smith's Wealth of Nations, Stewart's political economy, and Malthus on population. On the philosophy of the human mind, and the laws of nature and nations; are the books principally used, Hume's Essays, Hartley on man, Ward and Vattel. The higher branches of mathematics are taught by Mr. Wood, whose attainments and abilities in this important and difficult
* It may perhaps be proper to remark, that all those branches of natural Philosophy which depend upon geometry and algebra, or the experimental part, so far as a knowledge of it can be obtained from verbal explanations and plates, are comprehended in this course.
department of science, are confessedly and unquestionably pre-eminent. The other branches are taught by J. Ogilvie, through the medium of lectures.
His mode of lecturing is as follows. The principal propositions which he proposes to illustrate, are distinctly expressed in writing, and arranged in the form of questions, (every lecture comprehending from eight to twelve questions!) Each proposition is distinctly stated and explained in a manner as perspicuous and impressive as possible. After delivering the lecture he leaves the room. During his absence it is the duty of every member of the class to prepare himself to answer distinctly and fully, the questions which have been proposed and explained. As soon as the class are prepared, they are examined, propositions imperfectly understood, are re-explained, and any doubts, difficulties or objections which may have occurred are attentively and impartially considered. When the examination is concluded, each student is required to prepare and exhibit in writing, before the succeeding lecture is delivered, a distinct explanation of the most material parts of the preceding lecture. As soon as the student has attained some knowledge of the philosophy of grammar and rhetoric, his compositions are carefully reviewed, and any improprieties, inaccuracies or inelegancies, in style, allusion or reasoning, into which he may have been betrayed, are pointed out.
Independently of the lectures which are regularly delivered, and the reading and exercises connected with these lectures, which successively embrace every part of the course, the perusal of such philosophical and historical works as are best calculated to improve the minds of youth is earnestly recommended, and as the pupil advances, becomes indispensable to the prosecution of his studies, and the performance of his academic duties.
A very laborious prosecution of this plan for several years, (under circumstances in many respects, very unfavorable to a fair and decisive exhibition of its comparative merits,) has satisfied the writer of these observations, that it is well-calculated to awaken curiosity, strengthen the understanding, communicate solid information, and excite a decided predilection for useful reading and scientific research, not only as a preparation for the liberal professions, but as a source of amusement and pleasure. A punctilious attendance in the school during the hours set apart for study, diligent attention to lectures and exercises, a regular appropriation of a part of his leisure to useful reading, and a steady avoidance of every sort of immoral or vicious amusement, are expected from every student.
J. Ogilvie has at present under his care, from thirty to forty pupils, but with Mr. Wood's assistance, will be able to teach, and is anxious to receive twenty or thirty more. It is his unalterable determination to spend the prime of his life, as he has spent the flower of his youth, In the instruction of youth. At no former period of his life has he been so clearly convinced of its extensive utility, or so feelingly alive to its exquisite attractions: Nor does his ambition prompt a wish more aspiring than to be successfully and conspicuously active, in instilling into the minds of youth a knowledge of the principles, and a lively and inextinguishable sensibility to the unfading attractions of science, literature and virtue.
N. B. The editors of the public prints throughout Virginia are respectfully requested to republish the preceding observations in their respective papers.
Mr. Darlington, in the house of representatives of Pennsylvania, on the 12th ult. presented two several memorials, of similar tenor, from sundry citizens of Chester county, praying the legislature to adopt such measures as they may think proper and expedient, for the purpose of calling a convention, in order to revise and amend certain parts of the Constitution of this commonwealth. The principal amendments alluded to in said memorials, are as follows, to wit:
 First—To reduce the election of senators from a quadrennial to an annual period.  Second—To limit the extension of executive patronage in making lucrative appointments.  Third—And such reform of the judiciary, as will render it less complex, prolix, and expensive; and enable the citizens to procure justice, without fail, denial or delay.  And said memorials were read, and referred to a grand committee, consisting of 28 members, being one from each county.
Capt. Clapp, whose arrival we mentioned in yesterday's Gazette, informs, that the American consul at St. Thomas, had received a decree of 14 articles (which our informant saw) from the government of the city of St. Domingo, declaring, among other regulations, that ALL VESSELS of whatever nation, that were caught within three leagues of the Brigand ports, should be taken, and their crews put to death.—This law was to be put in force, from and after the first of April 1805. [N. York Gaz.]
The federal, as well as republican statements received from New Hampshire, concur in declaring JOHN LANGDON to be elected Governor in the room of Mr. Gilman, and it is probable that on enumerating all the votes, Mr. Langdon will appear to be elected by a great majority. It cannot, under these circumstances, be
considered premature, to congratulate the people not only of that state, but of the whole United States, on this event; which is one of the best evidences of the increasing triumphs of republican principle. We need not inform our readers that Mr. Langdon is one of the most distinguished republicans of the Eastern States. They cannot have forgotten the business, which he manifested in the Senate of the United States, in times of uncommon peril and alarm, and which evinced a perfect consistency with the revolutionary principles, for the maintenance of which he staked his all. Of seventeen states there are now fourteen over whose affairs republican legislatures, and thirteen over which republican governors preside. If we look back a few years, and contrast the present with the then posture of affairs, we shall be loat in astonishment at the magnitude & rapidity of the change. In the year 1800, there were only seven states, in which the government was republican; and there are now fourteen. Can we under these circumstances, so far as regards characteristic political principles, be said to be a divided people? Nat. Intel.
Mr. Cathcart, late consul of the United States, to the Barbary Powers, has arrived, with his family, in this city. ib.
FROM THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN.
Measures. Pechin & Prailey. READING yesterday the history of Connecticut in Dr. Morse's Geography, I met with the following observations upon turnpike roads, which I think are as worthy of notice as any that have yet appeared in your useful paper upon the subject:—
"The first essays in this state, towards this kind of improvement in roads, was made about the year 1791 or 1792, on the road leading from Norwich to New-London, a distance of about 14 miles. This road was considered as among the worst in the state, being almost impassable with carriages. Now, Gentlemen who have travelled in England, and have lately passed this road, affirm, that it is little inferior to the best turnpike roads in England. Notwithstanding the great expense of first making this road, and since, in keeping it in constant good repair, the toll, for the whole distance of 14 miles, is only the trifling sum of six cents for a horse, and chase. & nothing for foot-passengers: and yet, though this road is not by any means a great thoroughfare, the proprietors receive a handsome compensation for their expenditure.
"When turnpike roads were first established in England, about 50 years since, the innovation occasioned great disturbances and some riots. Though matters did not proceed to these lengths here, yet the plan when first proposed, and in its operation met with violent opposition from the neighboring farmers & others. These same farmers and opposers are now, however, among the first to applaud the undertakers and their improvements; for they now find that TWO oxen will convey to market, what was formerly a heavy load for FOUR: and the saving in time, in wear and tear of carriages, independent of the greater safety and convenience of travelling, and the rise of property, in consequence of a good road running by their doors is far more valuable to them than the trifling toll to which they are subjected.
"An issue of this experiment, so pleasing, and so unexpected, did not fail to produce its effect throughout the state; and the consequence has been, that the last session of the general assembly was crowded with petitions, from all parts of the state, for liberty to establish turnpike roads: one among others was, to establish a turnpike on the road between Norwich and Providence, a very bad piece of road. This and some few others of the petitions were granted. The legislature for wise reasons, thought best to check in some degree the rage for turnpikes, thinking, probably, that a good thing might be overdone.
"Turnpike roads, next to canals, may be reckoned among the greatest of inland improvements. No tax can operate with more justice and equality than that of turnpikes; since all who are benefitted by them, strangers as well as others, must contribute towards their support. The neighboring farmers, who now very unequally bear the expense of making and keeping in repair, the roads in their vicinity, would be freed in a great measure from so heavy a burden.—Since improvements of this kind have so successfully commenced in Connecticut and Pennsylvania; we cannot but with pleasure anticipate the spread of this kind of enterprise in the other states; and that shortly the United States will be as celebrated for the excellency of their roads, as they are for their improvements in bridges, canals, and the arts and sciences."
A SUBSCRIBER.
FROM THE CONNECTICUT COURANT.
Look not thou upon the liquor when it sparkles, "when it giveth its color in the cup, when it moveth itself aright; at the last it biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an adder."
SOLOMON.
Would you learn how like a serpent drunkenness biteth and how like an adder it stingeth,—then contemplate the disgusting figure and the deplorable circumstances of Silenus .—Behold this miserable wreck of man! He is not yet turned of 40, yet totters in his steps, like one of fourscore.—See him weakened in intellect,
gross in temper, lost to all sense either of honor or shame, lost to all affection towards the wife of his bosom, and the children of his own body. Mark the stupidity of his countenance, the morose aspect of his blood-shot eyes, his palsied hand, and the leprosy tetter that covers his skin.—Turn now, and behold his wife—there she sits in that corner, covered with a thin tattered robe and shivering over a handful of coals.—See her pale and emaciated—her eyes dim with weeping and her cheeks furrowed with tears.—Hapless woman! who can but pity thee? who can but mingle his tears with thine? Look next on those suffering children.—They receive nought but frowns & curses and blows from the man whom they had been taught to call by the endearing name of father:—yet they have a friend, whose bosom throbs with tenderness towards them: but her hand is too feeble to supply their needs. They ask their mother for bread, but she has none to break to them.—The storm howls through the broken windows, and they say "we are cold"—She answers them only with sighs. Alas! she has none to bind up her own bleeding heart. And is this the once sensible and sprightly Silenus , fortune's child, who inherited a large patrimony?—the same!—"How fallen, how lost!"—And what has wrought this terrible reverse in their circumstances? What has turned this man into a brute? What has plunged this woman into the deepest distress, inasmuch as that her tears are her meat?—What has rendered these children miserable?—What fiend has poisoned & destroyed the happiness of the whole family?—That cursed fiend is drunkenness.—Time was when Silenus was a kind husband and so affectionate father, when his company gladdened the heart of his wife, when his little prattlers used to meet him at the door and receive his fond caresses.—Time was when every room in his mansion was gilded with domestic happiness when he ranked in society as a useful member and an ornament, and when the eye that saw him blessed him, and the ear that heard him was respectfully attentive.—But Silenus looked on the sparkling liquor while giving its color and temptingly moving itself in the cup—he tasted, he at length tipped daily; the habit became rivetted—he plunged occasionally into intoxication, and became at last a downright sot.—His estate is consumed, and of all poor people, his family are among the most wretched—"Dig they cannot," having never been taught to labor—"to beg they are ashamed." This is not a romance:—there are many families in our country, whose deplorable situation corresponds with this description.
CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL CHURCH LOTTERY, BALTIMORE.
Fiftieth (and last) Day's Drawing. 300 tickets were drawn this day.
 Prize of 4000 dolls.—No. 19086, (last drawn blank)  Prize of 1000 dolls.—No. 10336.  Prizes of 100 dolls.—Nos. 15309 18998.  Prize of 50 dolls.—No. 13828.  Prize of 25 dolls.—No. 19154.  23 of twenty and 57 of fifteen. 
One telling another, that he had once so excellent a fowling piece, that it went off immediately on a thief's coming into a house, although it was not charged. "How the d— I can that be?" said the other. "Because, said he, the thief carried it off, and what was worse, before I had time to charge him with it."
MINERVA PRINTING OFFICE, (Main-street, nearly opposite the Cross-street leading to Mayo's Bridge)
COOK & GRANTLAND respectfully acquaint the public, & particularly those who are fond of encouraging young beginners, that they have lately procured a parcel of new type, which will enable them to execute on the shortest notice, PAMPHLETS, HAND BILLS, CARDS, &c. in the neatest style, at the usual prices.
Just published, by COOK & GRANTLAND and for sale at the Minerva Office—the FARRE of RAISING THE WIND.
The following critical remarks on this production are copied from a London periodical work of high repute: "November 5th, 1802. To-night a new Farce, entitled, 'Raising the Wind,' was performed for the first time.—This Farce is of the true English stamp, & the best we have seen for a great length of time. The incidents follow each other with that rapidity that not a moment is left for languor; and possess such gaiety, that it is impossible not to be pleased. The humour is the most unconstrained that can be imagined." "This Farce deserved & obtained the most complete success. The plaudits were almost unresisting. The piece was given for repetition with universal applause."— Lady's Monthly Museum, No. 11, Vol. ii. April 9
Notice.
THE COPARTNERSHIP OF Alban Gilpin & Co.
IN this day dissolved by mutual consent; those indebted to the said concern are requested to come forward and have their respective balances adjusted ready for payment—and those who have claims against them will make application to Alban Gilpin, Jefferson.
ALBAN GILPIN & CO.
THE former friends of Alban Gilpin are respectfully informed that he has commenced business at this place in his usual line, under the firm of
GILPIN, COCKE & CO.
Jefferson (Powhatan co.)
April 1st, 1805.
Notice.
I INTEND leaving the United States for a few months. RICHARD MASON. Surry, March 28, 1806.
JUST RECEIVED AT THIS OFFICE, Vols. 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 of Buchanan's Edition of Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire , now publishing by subscription. Barlow's Philalephia Medical and Physical Journal . The Literary Magazine for Feb. 1805 . Akenside's Works . Armstrong and Green's Poems . Burns Poems . Gray's do . Cowpe's do . Goldsmith's do . Pope's do . Ap. 10.
TO BE SOLD, By virtue of a deed of trust executed by John Fox, Jr. to the subscribers, for the purpose of securing to Thomas Fox the payment of sundry debts therein specified and of record in the county court of King William Eight or Ten
LIKELY SLAVES.
For ready money, at Mrs. Sally Drewry's Tavern in the county of King William as aforesaid, on Thursday the ninth of May next, if fair, or the next fair day, by
 John Fox  Nathl. Fox  James Fox  Trustees.
King Wm county, April 9th, 1805. wids
WILL BE SOLD, On the twenty fifth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and five, at William Clarkson's store in Albemarle county.
A NEGRO WOMAN.
About twenty years of age, named Aggy, and her two Male Children, Wilson and Albert, offered to the subscribers in trust by Philip Day, to secure the payment of a debt due D. B. Minor, per order of record in the District court of Charlottesville. The subscriber being only interested as trustee, will only convey the right vested in him by the aforesaid deed of trust.
ALEX. GARRETT. March 30th 1805
The Celebrated English Stallion
BUZZARD.
SO famous a racing capital racer is just arrived from London, and will cover mares at my stable in Greenville county on Notoway river, about 6 miles below where the great age road crosses it, at the lower Cut Bank bridge, at Ten Guineas each, and a D. liar to the groom, to be discharged any time before the 1st day of October next by the payment of forty dollars; but no discount will be made if paid off at that day. BUZZARD is a chestnut horse of good size and of excellent blood; for his beauty, shape and appearance I leave others to decide; as a racer, the Calendars declare him most capital, having won (and generally at New Market) 34 races. He is undoubtedly among the best stallions that has ever appeared in England. For the proof of which I beg leave to refer gentlemen to the Racing Calendars of that country, and which are to be seen at his stand.
In 1799, the first of Buzzard's stock appeared on the turf, in that year he had five winners, in 1800 he had seven, in 1801 he had fourteen (several of those won 7 and 8 times each in that year) in 1802 he had sixteen winners, and in 1803 he had twenty-one. This is the last Calendar that has come to hand. It is to be observed, that Buzzard's stock have very generally won at New Market (where all the best horses go) and many of them have proved uncommon good racers: among them a Hornby Lass, Pe. Pippin, Quiz, Surprise, Malta, Merryman, Sophia, Miss Baile, and a great many others: It is also to be observed that no stallion in England had as many winners in 1803 by seven, a Buzzard had—The famous horse Sir Peter Traz had only fourteen, Tumpeter fourteen, Volumnia fourteen, and Whiskey 9.—Those horses are acknowledged by all gentlemen conversant with the turf, to be the best stallions now in England.—Buzzard has been well proved a good stallion; for which reason I beg leave to recommend him strongly to the gentlemen of the turf and such others as have well bred mares, not doubting but a good proportion of his stock will turn out racers.
Good pasturage gratis; servants who attend the mares boarded at 10 6 a week; corn to be paid at the market price, and the greatest attention paid to the mares, but no responsibility for accidents or escapes. Notes for ten guineas will be expected with the mares by
MATHANIEL RIVES;
March, 1805 N B The season will commence the 15th inst. and end the 1st of August. N R.
PEDIGREE. "I hereby certify that the chestnut horse Buzzard, late the property of Christopher Wilson, Esq. was bred by me and that he was got by Woolpecker his dam by Dux, out of Cuiosity, by Snap—Regulus &c. Curiosity was the dam of Pantaloon, Justice, Faith, &c."
REGREMONT. Teste, JAMES WEATHERBY.
To be sold for ready money,
in pursuance of a decree of the circuit court of the United States, between Pbineas Bond, attorney for the creditors of Ezekiel Edwards, plaintiff, and David Ross and others, defendants, in order to raise the sum of dolls. 7000 40 cents, with the expense of sale.
A Number of Slaves,
And so much of that Valuable Estate, in the county of Campbell known by the name of the OXFORD IRON-WORKS, as shall appear sufficient to raise the said sum of money and the said expenses, the said land being now in the occupation of the said David Ross, and the slaves aforesaid being on the land. The sale will take place at the Oxford Iron-Works, in the county of Campbell, on Thursday the 11th of April next. The slaves are rep counted to be very valuable. The land is so well known as to render a description unnecessary.
 Ben Mosby, D. M. for  Jos. Scott, M. V. D.  February 25, 1805.
At the request of Mr. Ross, the sale of the property above mentioned is postponed until Thursday the 9th day of next month.
 BEN. MOSBY, D. M. for  JOSEPH SCOTT, M. V. D.  April 8, 1805.
Manchester Turnpike Company.
NOTICE is hereby given, that a general meeting of Shareholders will be held at Mr. Brock's Tavern in Manchester, on Friday the 10th day of May ensuing at 11 o'clock, A. M. when and where it is expected the members will attend, punctiliously, in business as to the importance to the institution.
JAMES BRANDER, Clerk. 8th April, 1805.

From the RUTLAND (Vermont) HERALD. The following particulars relative to the trial of John Johnson for an indictment of Murder, is communicated to us by a gentleman who attended the court. We hope it may instruct the credulous, and form a lesson for those who are too often employing such vile impostors of physic, who are continually ransacking the country, seeking whom they may devour. At the last February term of the Supreme Court of this state, held at Manchester, in the county of Bennington, came on the trial of JOHN JOHNSON, who was indicted for the MURDER of Miss EBERS, a young girl of Sunderland, in said county. The evidence given against the prisoner on the part of the state was, in substance—That the said JOHNSON had set himself up in the vicinity as a can-doctor, and pretended that he had performed miraculous cures in that and many other disorders. The parents of the deceased hearing of his fame, sent for him to call and see their daughter, a girl about eighteen years of age, who had been delirious for some time so that they were obliged to confine her. Upon the said JOHNSON's calling on her parents, they enquired of him whether he could cure their daughter?—he said he could most certainly cure her—that he had cured many persons apparently in the same situation. He was then enquired of where he had acquired this great skill above other doctors? He said he had read a great many German authors, and had acquired much knowledge and had got much information from the native Indians; he thought more from the Indians than from any other quarter. He then observed, that she must be put asleep, or laid as he expressed it. The mother fearful that he was about to administer opium, says I fear you are about to give my daughter opium. The respondent answered he would not give her opium. He said he had an Indian root which put in rum, would soon lay her and break the charm, and when she awoke she would be perfectly well. He then went away to a neighbor's house to prepare his medicine, where he was seen to put a large quantity of opium into water, the quantity could not be accurately ascertained, but the witness said he should judge enough to kill three persons.—He returned to his patient again, after looking attentively through the Almanac, and the signs in particular, he observed that it was as good a time to administer his medicine that day as any, but it would take double the quantity of rum to lay her that day, to what it would the next. He had nearly a quart of rum, and a small vessel given to him to put in and mix his medicine; with which he went to the room where the girl was confined, and observed, that he must be alone with her, and must not be disturbed until he had laid her. After he had been alone with the girl about half an hour, the mother and son went to listen, being anxious to know what was going on in the room, heard nothing but the girl say, get away, which the witness said was a common expression to the family if any of them only spoke to her—they soon returned. The mother being very uneasy, went and opened the door found the respondent near it, her daughter being apparently lifeless on the floor, in a moist sweat.—She was soon taken up, dressed in another apparel and put into bed, which was about 3 o'clock, P. M. The doctor observed that he must have something to drink, for he had had a very hard time of it in laying her, and the rum which he had taken in the room with her was gone. The girl appeared still to be nearly expiring which alarmed the family. But the Doctor assured them she would soon awake and be perfectly well. The girl remained in this situation until about one or two o'clock at night, the family being in bed except the mother, the Doctor proposed to go to bed to the daughter, and observed it was necessary—and that they being alone, it would not be known (or words to that import.) The Doctor immediately sprung into bed put his arm around the girl, turned her face towards him—she soon poked on the Doctor, when he immediately quit the bed. The girl expired in a few minutes. There was strong suspicion entertained that the doctor was guilty of obscene conduct while alone with the girl. But there was not evidence sufficient to satisfy the jury of that fact. The jury after retiring about three hours found Johnson not guilty of Murder, but guilty of Manslaughter. The court sentenced him to receive thirty-nine stripes, to stand in the pillory one hour, to pay costs and stand committed until sentence was complied with.
It is well known that the name of Nicholas has been generally abbreviated into Nick. An old Negro, by the name of Harry, who lived in New-Jersey some years ago, commonly made it his practice, on holidays, to go round among the gentry, begging. One Christmas morning, meeting Mr. Nicholas G—, he thus accosted him—“Good morning massa G—; me wish you merry Xmas. Please to give poor old Nigger six pence dis morning.” Mr. G. (who well knew the Negro, but determined to have a little fun) replied with some degree of sternness, “Who are you? I know no such person.” answered the Negro; “My name Harry—do call me ole Harry.” “Old Harry!” says Mr. G. “they call the Devil old Harry.” “Yes, Massa,” replied the Negro, “sometimes ole Harry—sometimes ole Nick.” Mr. G. was so pleased with the repartee, that he gave the Negro a dollar.
VIRGINIA, TO WIT: At a Chancery District Court held in Williamsburg, the 27th day of October, 1804. John Amble and William P. Harris, executors of William Wilkinson, vs. Against William Shermer, deft. THE defendant not having entered his appearance and given security according to the acts of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country; On the motion of the plaintiffs, it is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on or before the first day of the next term and answer the bill of the plaintiffs; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former capitol in this city. A copy—Teste, ANT. ROBINSON, c.
Bricks for Sale. THE subscriber wishes to sell about two or three hundred thousand BRICKS, which would be delivered at the Kilns near Mr. Rabe's Roads, on reasonable terms.—Also, for sale, about three hundred RED CEDAR POSTS of a superior quality. Wm. M'KIM. Richmond, Apr. 1st, 1805.
TO PRINTERS. Printing Materials for Sale. LONG PAPER, Pica, English, Double Pica, Two-Lines English, French Canon, Four-Lines Pica, Five-Lines Pica, Seven-Lines Pica, Nine-Lines Pica, Thirteen-Lines Pica, Sixteen-Lines Pica, Nineteen-Lines Pica, Quotations, Foolscap and Demy, Chases, and Cases. PROSSER & MOUNCURE. Richmond, March 26, 1805.
RAN away from the subscriber, near the new store, in Buckingham, on 22d February last, a negro fellow named JESSE, formerly the property of Walter Irvine in New-Canton, and has run the river as a waterman from said place for 12 or 15 months past; he is a bright mulatto, about 26 or 27 years old, bushy head, down look when spoken to; he had on when he went away a drab coloured coat and pantaloons of the same, Virginia Vest, &c. Any person delivering the same to the subscriber, or lodging him in jail shall have FIVE DOLLARS REWARD, besides what the law allows. DRURY CHILDERS. N. B. The above negro has been seen in Richmond among some watermen in the course of last week. I forewarn all masters of vessels from carrying him out of this state or employing him at their peril. Buckingham, 4th March, 1805.
Scheme of a Lottery, For the benefit of WILLIAM & MARY COLLEGE FIRST CLASS. 8000 Tickets at 10 dollars. - 80,000 2 Prizes, dolls. 10,000 - 20,000 60 of - 500 - 30,000 2,000 of - 15 - 30,000 80,000 Subject to a deduction of 15 per ct. 12,000 Expense of drawing, - 2,000 Dollars, 10,000 First Ticket drawn, - Dolls. 500 Last drawn, - 10,000 1 other Prize of - 10,000 59 other Prizes of 500 dolls. 29,500 2,000 of 15 dollars, - 30,000 Dollars, 80,000 All tickets drawn blank may be renewed in the next class, at 10 dolls. each; the price of all others will be 15 dolls. All prizes of 15 dollars may be renewed for the next class, or paid, at the option of the person entitled. If they be not claimed within three months after the drawing commences, they will be considered as renewed in the second class. The drawing to commence in the city of Williamsburg, on the - day of - , under the management of James Madison, John Breckinridge, William Nelson, Robert Greenhow, Barnwell Bassett, Robert Saunders, Samuel Tyler, Champion Travis, William Lightfoot, Littleton W. Tazewell, George Tucker and James Semple. SECOND CLASS. 5,938 Tickets at 10 dolls. 59,380 4,685 ditto at 15 dolls. 70,930 Deduct loss on 2,062 tickets renewed at 2 1-2 } 5,155 Dolls. 125,155 2 Prizes of 20,000 dolls. 40,000 2 ditto of 10,000 dolls. 20,000 3 ditto of 5,000 - 15,000 50 ditto of 1,000 - 50,000 1 ditto - - - 155 125,155 Deduct 10 per cent. 12,500 Expenses of drawing, 2,500 Sum raised, Dolls. 10,000 Ticket first drawn, - Dolls. 1,000 Ticket last drawn, - 20,000 One other prize of - 20,000 Two ditto of 10,000 - 20,000 3 ditto of 5,000 dolls. 15,000 49 ditto of 1,000 - 49,000 ditto - - - 155 Dollars 123,155
TICKETS May be had of George Tucker, Thomas Taylor and Samuel Pleasants, Jr. in Richmond; Robert Birchett, and Watkins Leigh, Petersburg; Thomas Newton, Dr. Barrand, & Littleton W. Tazewell, Norfolk; Hugh Mercer, Fredericksburg; Henry Tucker, Winchester; Chapman Johnson, Staunton; and in all the towns in Virginia, and in many places in the country.
FOR SALE, At the shop formerly occupied by John Fox, dec. A new Gig & Coach, Very low, for cash. GIGS, CHAIRES, &c. furnished at the above shop on the shortest notice, and carriages repaired with neatness and dispatch. Richmond, 16th March, 1805. Foolscap & Letter Paper For sale at this office.
KNOWSLEY, IMPORTED in 1801, by William Lightfoot, of Charles City county; where he stood two years, the last year he stood at Capt. Wm. Lewis's, in Dinwiddie county, made capital seasons, and proved himself a sure foal getter. He is a fine bay, fifteen hands three inches high, nine years old last May, in great perfection, and as to muscular strength and beauty, not inferior to any horse in the state. He is the only horse in this country that has won four king's plates in one year; this he did in 1803; See Racing Calendar for that year. Notwithstanding this & other unexceptionable evidences of Knowsley's superior worth, yet a personal view of him will be his best recommendation. KNOWSLEY will stand the ensuing season, at William Wood's in Albemarle county, ten miles above Charlottesville, to cover mares at Six Guineas the season, for which notes will be expected, dischargeable by the payment of Twenty Dollars, on or before the 15th of September next; Three Guineas the leap, and Ten Guineas to insure a mare to be in foal, with One Dollar for each mare to the groom; which, for the leap money, must be paid when the mare is covered. Extensive pasturage gratis, and servants sent with the mares boarded at 93. a week. Mares may be fed as directed, at the market price of grain, and all possible care taken to prevent accidents or escapes, but no responsibility for any that may happen. The season will commence the 10th of March, and expire the 10th of August next.
WILLIAM WOODS. JAMES KINSOLVING. February, 1805. P. S. Any gentleman putting six mares shall have one covered gratis.
PEDIGREE. —Given by Lord Derby in the following words, viz: “I do hereby certify, that the bay horse called Knowsley, late the property of the Prince of Wales, was bred by me. He was got by Sir Peter Teazle, out of Capella, and was six years old last May, and no more (Signed) DERBY, (SEAL.) Knowsley, June 15, 1801.
Capella was bred by gen. Parker, foaled in 1773, & got by Herod out of Miss Cape, by Regulus, Blackeyes, by Crab, Warlock, Galloway. See general stud book, pa. 40. Sir Peter Teazle was got by Highflyer in 1784; see same book, pa. 182; Highflyer was got by Herod; see pa. 201; and so on he may be traced thro' a noble line of ancestors for ages past without a single flaw in his genealogy, either on the male or female side. This extraordinary horse ran with great credit at 2 years old; at 3 he proved successful, and so continued until the last of the year 1800. In 1801 he was purchased for me and sent to Virginia. In 1798 he won a sweepstakes of 20 guineas each, for 3 year olds, 8 subscribers, once round the ground, beating Mr. Pierce's b c by Walnut, fir H. T. Vane's Puff. Forward, fir H. William's foal's Stripling, Mr. Fletcher's gr c Camperdown, Mr. G. Crompton's b Basko, and lord A. Hamilton's b g by Spadille, out of Snow Drop; see Calendar for 1798. He also won the members' plate of 50 guineas for 3 and 4 year olds, beating lord Derby's 4 year old colt Diomed, 5 to 1 on Knowsley, who was then Mr. Field's property; see Calendar for 1798. He also won a sweepstakes for 3 year olds, beating Mr. Garforth's b c by Spadille, and lord A. Hamilton's b c by Spadille; see Calendar for 1799.
In May 1799, York. On Tuesday May 28, a sweepstakes of 20 guineas each 7 subscribers, then the property of Mr. Walker, was won by Knowsley, beating lord Fitzwilliam's c h Wonder, 5 years old, lord Hamilton's c h by Walnut, fir Thomas Cascoigne's Maid of the Mill, and John Robinson's b c Abraham Newland. On Thursday the 30th following, he also won the grand plate of 50 guineas, for 4 year olds, beating lord A. Hamilton's b c by Spadille, Mr. Garforth's mare Carolina, 6 years old, lord Belhaven's c h Master Robert 6 years old, Mr. Wentworth's Barnaby, and Mr. J. Anson's gr h Little Scott, 5 years old; See Calendar for 1799.
In June 1800 (Guilford) the Prince of Wales owned him and won the King's plate for 4 year olds, of 100 guineas; 10 none 4 lbs. four mile heats, and beat lord Donegall's b h by Pot80's; See Calendar for 1800, pa. 35. Winchester, July 8. His majesty's plate of 100 guineas, was run for and won by Knowsley, beating lord Donegall's b h by Pot 80's, 5 years old, and fir F. Evelin's b h Alparagus, 5 years old—six to four on Knowsley.
Lewes, August 12, 1800. The king's plate of 100 guineas, 4 mile heats, was won by Knowsley, beating lord Donegall's c h Fugleman, 4 to 1 on Knowsley. Thursday following he won a subscription of 10 guineas each, beating Mr. Durand's Bellissima and Mr. Ledbrook's Humbug; see Calendar for 1800—78 and 79. Litchfield, on Thursday, September 9, he won the king's plate of 100 guineas, 3 mile heats, for 5 year olds, carrying 8 stone 7 pounds, beating Mr. Heming's b h Ploro; ten to one on Knowsley.
This horse cost me on landing in this country upwards of £700 sterling, and even at this price it was with difficulty he could be obtained; for my agent informed me, he
could have sold him for 175 guineas more than the original purchase, which evidently proves the high estimation he was in. WILLIAM LIGHTFOOT. CERTIFICATES. We, whose names are hereunto subscribed, do certify that we have bred colts from KNOWSLEY, (or seen of his get,) that they are of fine size and form, and from their present appearance bid fair to make capital horses, either for the turf or any other service. We also believe him to be as sure a foal getter as any horse in the state. Given under our hands, &c. January, 1805:
John Coles, fr. Geo. W. H. Minge. Walter Coles Major Wilcox. Miles Selden, fr. Geo. Cooke. Miles Selden, jr. James Stewart. John Edloe. John Christian. E. P. Chamberlayne. Hamlin Wilcox. John Roane, jr. Wm. Southall. C. Harrison. John Colgin. John Minge.
I do hereby certify that in the spring, 1803, I saw and took particular notice of a number of colts, which were in pasture where the imported Stirling then stood—a considerable proportion of them by imported horses, among which were several of Knowsley's, and tho' them equal if not preferable to any that were there. Given under my hand, &c.
BRIGHTBERRY BROWN. Albemarle, Jan. 1, 1805. (w8t)
Johnson's Dictionary, Improved. Just published, and for sale at 5 Pleasant's Printing Office and Book-Store, Richmond, Price 3 dollars and 50 cents.
A DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, IN WHICH The Words are deduced from the Originals, Explained in their different Meanings—and Authorized by the names of the writers in whose works they are found Abstracted from the Folio Edition, BY THE AUTHOR, SAMUEL JOHNSON, A. M. To which are prefixed, A Grammar of the English Language, AND The Preface of the Folio Edition. The whole improved by the STANDARD OF PRONUNCIATION, Established by the Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of JOHN WALKER, Author of the Elements of Elocution, Rhyming Dictionary, &c. &c.
THE improved edition of Johnson's Dictionary which is now offered to the public, has some advantages over every other that has heretofore appeared; which its editor hopes, will ensure it a just and general preference. An union of certain rules of pronunciation with Johnson's ample definitions and authorities, is a form in which the octavo edition has never appeared; and is sufficient, the editor presumes, to found his pretensions to originality and improvement.
In stating the pronunciation, Walker's Critical Pronouncing Dictionary has been the general guide; but where words occurred not to be found in that (of which the instances were numerous) other sources have been investigated, particularly Marchant's Quarto Edition of 1793, and the pronunciation of those words carefully regulated by Walker's directions. In point of correctness, the editor considers himself justified from the unemitting attention bestowed upon the work, to claim for it a pre-eminence over every edition which has come within his notice. In the course of the work, different editions of Johnson's Dictionary were often consulted, and that the derivations might be as correct as possible, frequent recurrence was had to the most approved Dictionaries of the foreign languages, in which the original words are found, especially the Greek, Latin, French and German.
That it is entirely faultless is not to be expected; but it is certainly free from many inaccuracies which appear in the various editions with which it was compared. Also, just received, for sale as above, The Life of Sir William Jones Bartle's Medical Journal, vol. 1st part 2d The Literary Magazine, Nos. 15, 16 and 17 Virgil, } In sum Delphini, elegant American editions, lately published. Horace, } Sallust, } Gurney's Short Hand Terrible Tractor Trial of Lord Headfort Burns' Works Bodley's Husbandry Pennsylvania Farmer [Nature Darwin's Philologia, Zoonomia, and Temple of Findlay's History of the Insurrection in Pennsylvania-Toller's Law of Executors [vania Watson's Law of Partnership Sir William Jones on Bailments Life of Napoleon Bonaparte Frugal Housewife, or complete woman cook Plutarch's Lives Large Testaments An elegant assortment of Ladies' and Gentlemen's Pocket-Books, from 75 cents to five dollars each.
W. WARDLAW, IS now opening at his shop on the Main street in Richmond, opposite Mr. Taylor's Vendue Office, a large importation of MEDICINES, Received directly from London, also a general assortment of SURGEON'S INSTRUMENTS, SHOP FURNITURE, MEPHITIC AIR MACHINES, PATENT MEDICINES, &c. &c. It is his intention to keep, at all times, a supply of Genuine Medicines, sufficient to answer the current demand; which will be sold low for cash or on the usual credit to those who will give him sufficient assurances of punctuality. November 20th, 1804 wfr JUST RECEIVED, At S. Pleasants' Book-Store, Richmond, a very elegant assortment of PEN KNIVES, Which will be sold by the single or dozen.
SWEET SPRINGS, MONROE COUNTY, VIRGINIA. ROBERT DOUTHAT informs the public he will keep the Sweet Springs the two ensuing Seasons, and will be supplied with every convenience the situation of them will admit of, on his former terms. He has enlarged his Stables, and has improved his Houses and Cabins so as to make them much more comfortable than they were heretofore.—He will have an assortment of DRY GOODS suitable for the season. w2m
Lots for Sale. IN consequence of the badness of the weather on Saturday the 30th ult. the sale of the LOTS on the turnpike road just above the town of Manchester at the place called Buck-Hill, is postponed till Monday the 29th of this month; the sale will commence at the Toll-Gate, at ten o'clock, A. M. on the terms mentioned in the former advertisement. JAS. CLARKE, Attorney in fact for the proprietors. April 4, 1805. 1ds
Notice. WHEREAS myself, Robert Boyd & Patrick Boyd, executed a bond to John Sea of Halifax county, Virginia, in payment for land I purchased of him, bearing date, if I mistake not, the 27th day of September, 1803, for the sum of ninety-nine pounds fifteen shillings, Virginia money, and on demand the first day of May 1805; which bond I have been informed is now in the hands of William Blackwell of said county of Halifax for collection when it becomes due; I do hereby forewarn all persons trading for the above mentioned bond, as neither myself, Robert Boyd, or Patrick Boyd intend paying one cent—tho' the said John Sea not having made me a good and lawful right to the land, unless the same be recovered by law. JOHN PURYEAR. 30th March, 1805. 3d
TAKEN from a negro boy last evening, a gilt WATCH, made by Richard Dyle, London, No. 530. The owner may get the same by applying to the printer hereof and paying the expense of this advertisement. if 2d April, 1805.
A CONSIGNMENT of the following Articles, just received, are offered for sale at very low prices for cash, flour, or on a credit of 60 days for notes negotiable at the Bank, viz:
10 Fipes lab proof Cognac Brandy of a superior quality 10 Hds Rum—9 Hds Molasses 40 Boxes New-York Candles—Loaf Sugar White Rice Ginger—Cotton and Wool Cards. The subscriber also offers for sale on the above terms only, a general assortment of genuine and well chosen GROCERIES, at his store 2d door from the market-house, main street. H. DABNEY. N. B. All persons indebted to the subscriber are requested to make speedy payment, or suits will be instituted indiscriminately against those who do not comply with this request. H. D.
TO JOHN MAGEE, A person not residing within the Commonwealth of Virginia, and having no known agent or attorney therein—
TAKE NOTICE, that by virtue of a commission issuing out of the court of chancery for the district of Richmond, in a suit depending in the said court, wherein I am plaintiff and you are defendant, the depositions of John Gray, John Woodson and Chapman Stewart, and sundry other witnesses will be taken at the shop of Nathaniel Dandridge, near his dwelling house, in the county of Hanover, on the twentieth day of March next, and that if necessary, the said commission will be adjourned over to the 21st & 22d days of that month; the depositions so to be taken, to be read in evidence in the said cause. JOHN HARRIS. Feb 7, 1805. 3d
The Celebrated Warm Springs IN VIRGINIA. THE subscribers have taken a lease of many years, of the highly celebrated MEDICAL SPRINGS in the county of Bath, called the Warm Springs, so justly famed for their great cures & general relief in many complaints. They are now preparing every necessary comfort and accommodation to suit the amusement of those who have health (and to promote the recovery of those who want it,) and it is deemed necessary to make these things widely known, because complaints have heretofore been made against the entertainment which has been offered. Preparations are made for at least one hundred constant boarders besides transient guests, for the accommodation of which, the subscribers will make all possible exertions; and they flatter themselves, that those who may place confidence, in this advertisement, will not find the smallest cause for regret or complaint. Robert & George Turner. March 28, 1805. 6w
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to the subscriber by Joshua West and Mary West, for the purpose of raising a debt therein specified, to Andrew Woodley, will be SOLD, by me at the Bell Tavern, in the city of Richmond, to the highest bidder, for ready money, on the 27th day of this present month (April)
The part of a Half-Acre LOT, Known and distinguished in the plan of the said city of Richmond by the number 50, and lying on the east side of Shockoe creek, at the corner of the cross street opposite the courthouse; bounds as follows, to wit—beginning at the northeast corner of said lot, thence running up the back street 90 feet, thence at right angles running into said lot 52 feet, thence at right angles to the cross street 90 feet, forming a square of 90 feet long and 52 feet wide, including a small house and a well of excellent water. EDW'D. WINSTON, Trustee. 1st April, 1805. 3w
The above to satisfy a pecuniary debt. THE public are respectfully informed, that it is the intention of the subscriber to re-commence the publication of The Political Repository , previous to the next session of the General Assembly of Virginia. The paper will probably appear on the first day of December next; and will be printed twice a week at five dollars per annum, to be paid in advance. ROBERT RICHARDSON. Richmond, 1st April, 1805. A FEW COPIES OF CURRAN'S SPEECHES FOR SUBSCRIBERS. Are just received at this Office.

VIRGINIA ARGUS EXTRA.
[VOL. XII.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1145.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum...paid in advance.]
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 1805.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
Valuable Property for sale.
WILL be SOLD, to the highest bidder, on the premises, on the third day of April next, at 12 o'clock, an undivided moiety in the two LOTS of GROUND, formerly the property of Andrew Ronald, dec. fronting the basin of the James River Canal, near the centre of the city of Richmond, with an undivided moiety of all the valuable buildings thereon, consisting of a large three story brick building, eighty feet in length, with four separate tenements, twenty feet wide and forty-five feet in length, with fire places on the first and second floors, roomy garrets in each, with large wheels fixed for hoisting and lowering packages, &c., with dispatch and ease, good dry cellars with fire places in each; this house has been lately built and in good repair; adjoining is a well finished two story framed dwelling house, thirty-eight feet square, with two good cellars, with fire places in each for cooking—in this house on the first and second floors are eight rooms and six fire places—also, a small two story Brick House with four rooms, with fire places in each, convenient for a store or small family—Likewise, a small Wooden Building with a cellar built for a kitchen, and may be used as a shop—Also, two Stables and a Carriage House. The buildings except the kitchen, stables and carriage house are insured in the mutual insurance company against fire in the state of Virginia, and the premiums paid; the loss from the basin on one side, and are bounded by Cary's street and the cross street leading to the warehouse on the other side of them, and are as convenient for commercial or other business as any in the city. The terms of sale will be seventeen thousand dollars in ready money, the residue payable the fifth day of August next, for which residue bond with approved security will be required. It is deemed unnecessary to state the great value of the above property to those who reside in this city, but for the information of strangers, the subscriber begs leave to state, that the above property is immediately opposite the lower part of the basin of the James River canal, where all the produce of the upper country is landed, and to any person desirous of carrying on the commission business extensively, perhaps is superior to any other place in this city.
William Austin.
Richmond, 4th February, 1805.
From circumstances not attended to when the above valuable property was advertised for sale, the subscriber has postponed the day of sale till Wednesday the eighth day of May next, when it will certainly take place, at 12 o'clock, on the premises, when one fourth of the purchase money only will be required in hand, and a credit of three, six and nine months given, for the balance, the purchaser to give bonds and security to carry interest from the day of sale, and a deed of trust on the property to secure the payment.
Wm. Austin.
22d March, 1805
TO BE RENTED.
For one or more years, and possession given the 15th of April next—a convenient Store & Dwelling-house, With three rooms below, and two above, with a fire place in two of the lower rooms, with a good dry cellar under them; a kitchen, smoke-house, garden, and two acres of land adjoining enclosed, part of which is well set with red clover. This tenement has been occupied for some years past by Messrs. Alban Gilpin & Co.; it is situated in a healthy and agreeable neighbourhood, is a fine stand for a country store, about 25 miles from Richmond, and not more than half a mile from the river, and in the midst of a fine wheat country—For terms apply to the subscriber.
SAM. PLEASANTS.
Powhatan co. 4th Mar. 1805.
The Seabrook Spring Races.
WILL commence on Monday the fifteenth day of April next—First day will be run for the Jockey Club Purse of £100, three mile heats—Second day the Proprietor's Purse of £50, two mile heats—And on the third day a Sweepstakes, for three and four years old, two mile heats, entrance fifty dollars. The subscription will remain open until the evening preceding the first day's races; any person wishing to enter may do so either in person or by letter directed to Mr. Samuel Marshall.
Carrying the following Weights.
7 years old, 133 4 years old, 109 6 do. do. 126 3 do do 90 5 do. do. 117 3 lbs allowed mares & geldings.
JOHN HASKINS, Treasurer.
March 9th, 1805.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.
BROKE away last evening, a large stout made blood bay HORSE, upwards of five feet high, 7 years old last spring, was shot all round about two months ago, but some of the shoes may now be on; he has a large head and small eyes, trots and gallops; if he has any other marks by which he might be distinguished, they are not recollected. He had on a saddle a good deal worn, with a hoggish seat and plated stirrups. The above reward will be paid on delivery of the horse and saddle to the subscribers.
Pickett, Pollard & Johnston.
Richmond, March 5, 1805.
BY VIRTUE of a deed of trust made
to the subscriber by Nathaniel Burton, the 8th day of February last, for the purpose of securing a debt due to Arthur Nunnery, and all charges attending the execution of the trust—will be sold, to the highest bidder, at Buckingham courthouse, on Saturday the 20th day of April next, for the best price that can be obtained in crop or baco of Nicholas's inspection or its value in money at the current cash price.
A certain Tract or Parcel of LAND, Lying in the county of Buckingham, on both sides of the great creek of Slave river, containing two hundred and twenty five acres, and adjoining the lands of Nathaniel Burton, Burnet Nunnery, Elizabeth Saunders, Edward Massey and Benjamin Burton.
JAMES MURPHY, Trustee.
March 13th, 1805.
A NEW ASSORTMENT of
Morocco Pocket Books
Is just received and for sale at this Office.
137
NOTICE is hereby given, That
separate proposals will be received at the office of the Secretary for the Department of War, until 12 o'clock at noon of the first Wednesday in June next, for the supply of all rations that may be required for the use of the United States, from the 1st day of October 1805, until the 30th day of September 1806, both days inclusive, at the following places, viz:
 First, At Niagara, Detroit, Michilimackinac, Fort Wayne, Chicago, Swan Creek, and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of Ohio, and territory of Michigan, and at any place or places within the Indiana territory north of the 41st degree of north latitude.  Second, At South West Point, Tellico, Knoxville, Nashville, and within the Cherokee nation between Tennessee and Georgia, and on the Tennessee river, and on the road between said river and Nashville, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the states of Kentucky or Tennessee.  Third, At the garrison near Vincennes on the river Wabash, at Fort Massac, New Madrid, Chickasaw Bluffs, Arkansas, Natchez and Fort Adams, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited in the Mississippi territory, except the county of Washington, and at any place or places in the Indiana territory south of the 41st degree of north latitude & fifty miles east of the Mississippi river.  Fourth, At St. Louis, St. Charles, Kaskaskia, within the territory of Louisiana north of New Madrid, and at any place or places in the Indiana territory within fifty miles east of the Mississippi river and south of the 41st degree of north latitude.  Fifth, At New Orleans, Plaquemines, Point Coupee, Opelousas, Natchez, St. Francisville, Fort St. Joseph, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the territory of Orleans, or in the county of Washington in the Mississippi Territory, and at any place or places on the west side of the Mississippi river below Arkansas. 
Separate proposals will also be received as aforesaid, for the supply of all rations, which may be required for the use of the United States, from the 1st day of January 1806, to the 31st day of December of the same year, both days inclusive, within the several states herein after mentioned, viz:
 Sixth, At Fort Wilkinson, Cockspur Island, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited, within the state of Georgia, and on the Indian boundary between Georgia and the Creek nation.  Seventh, At Charleston, Rocky Mount, on the head waters of the Santee, and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited, within the states of North and South Carolina.  Eighth, At Norfolk, and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited, within the state of Virginia.  Ninth, At Fort Henry, and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited, within the state of Maryland and the district of Columbia.  Tenth, At Fort Mifflin, and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited, within the state of Pennsylvania, east of the river Susquehannah, and within the states of New Jersey and Delaware.  Eleventh, At Pittsburgh, Carlisle and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited, within the state of Pennsylvania, west of the river Susquehannah.  Twelfth, At Fort Jay, West Point, Albany, Schenectady, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited, within the state of New York, Niagara and its dependencies excepted.  Thirteenth, At Fort Trumbull, Fort Wolcott, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited, within the states of Connecticut, Rhode Island and Vermont.  Fourteenth, At Fort Independence (Boston harbour) and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited, within the state of Massachusetts; the town of Springfield, and the district of Maine, excepted.  Fifteenth, At Portsmouth, Portland, and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of New Hampshire and the district of Maine. 
Sixteenth, Proposals will also be received as aforesaid, for the supply of all rations, which may be required by the United States, for the troops which are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the town of Springfield in the state of Massachusetts, and for the officers and other persons employed in the United States army at that place, from the 1st day of January 1805 to the 31st day of December in the same year, both days inclusive.
A ration to consist of one pound and one quarter of Beef, or three quarters of a pound of Pork, eighteen ounces of Bread or flour; one gill of Rum, Whiskey or Brandy, and at the rate of 2 quarts of Salt, four quarts of Vinegar, four pounds of Soap, and one pound and a half of Candles, to every hundred rations. The prices of the several component parts of the ration shall be specified; but the United States reserve the right of making such alterations in the price of the component parts of the ration aforesaid, as shall make the price of each part thereof bear a just proportion to the proposed price of the whole ration. The rations are to be furnished in such quantities, that there shall at all times, during the term of the proposed contract, be sufficient for the consumption of the troops at Michilimackinac, Detroit, and Chicago, for six months in advance; and of each of the other posts on the western waters, for at least three months in advance, of good and wholesome provisions, if the same shall be required. It is also to be permitted to all and every of the commandants of fortified places and posts, to call for, at any time when the same can be transported, or at any time in case of urgency, such supplies of like provisions in advance, as in the discretion of the commandant shall be deemed proper.
It is understood that the contractor is to be at the expense and risk of having the supplies to the troops, and that all losses sustained by the depreciation of an enemy, or by means of the troops of the United States, shall be paid by the United States at the price of the articles captured or destroyed as aforesaid, on the deposition of two or more persons of credible character, and the certificate of a commissioned officer, stating the circumstances of the loss, and the amount of the articles for which compensation shall be claimed. The privilege is understood to be reserved to the United States of requiring that none of the supplies, which may be furnished under any of the proposed contracts, shall be issued, until the supplies which have been or may be furnished under contracts now in force, have been consumed; and that a supply in advance may be always required at any of the fixed posts on the seaboard, or Indian frontier, not exceeding three months.
H. DEARBORN, Secretary of War.
March 8 (1m)
BROKER'S OFFICE.
THE SUBSCRIBER HAS Opened a Broker's Office, Opposite the Union Tavern, and over the Counting-house of Thomas and Amos Ladd. All business confided to him will be transacted with strict fidelity.
THOM. NORFELL.
Richmond, October 3, 1804.
NOTICE.
ALL persons indebted to the late firms of Buchanan, Dunlop & Co. Of Edinburgh & Co. Of Glasgow & Co. Of London & Co. Of Manchester, Are hereby notified that James Dunlop, late a partner in the above concerns, has become purchaser of the outstanding debts; they will therefore be pleased to make payment to Mr. John Tompkins, residing in Richmond, or the subscriber, residing in Petersburg, who alone are authorised to make collections and grant discharges. Suits will be indiscriminately commenced against all who do not make payment before the first of February next.
JOHN DUNLOP, Attorney for James Dunlop.
Petersburg, Nov. 13, 1804.
The subscriber wishes to sell for cash, or on credit, till the first day of January next, the
Two Brick Tenements.
Adjoining the house of Mr. Benjamin Mosby.
JOHN PENDLETON.
City of Richmond, Nov. 10th, 1804.
PRECIPITATE,
IMPORTED by Mr. Lightfoot of Sandy Point, last winter, full 15 hands and a half high; will stand at my stable in Chesterfield county, Appomattox river; 15 miles above Petersburg, to be let to mares at ten guineas a mare, two of which will be remitted if paid within the season, which will commence the 10th of March, & expire the 1st of August next. Board of servants gratis; mares may be fed with grain at two shillings per day. I have large and extensive pasturage, divided in five different enclosures, that mares with foals may be kept distinct from barren mares. One dollar to the groom. No liability for accidents of any description.
PRECIPITATE was bred by Lord Egremont, foaled in 1787, got by Mercury (a son of Eclipse) dam by Herod, his granddam Maiden by Mercury, out of Mr. Pratt's old Squire mare; her dam by Mogul—Camilla by Bay Bore—Old Lady dam of Sterling by Pulleine's Chesnut Arabian—Rockwood Hustler.
PERFORMANCE.
In the first spring meeting, 1790, at New Market, when 3 years old, he won the first class of the princes stakes of 100 guineas each, beating Thunderbolt, Glandeleer, and Sir Pepper, four having paid the forfeit. In the same week he won the Bolton stakes of 50 guineas each, beating Chamoeje, Dragon and Pallatix 7 year old forfeit. Second spring meeting he won the 3d class of the princes stakes of 100 guineas, beating Thunderbolt 7 paid forfeit. And in the same week he received 100 guineas forfeit from Lord Grosvenor's Radamantus.
In 1792 he won £50 at Guildford, beating Dose, Thunderbolt, Samagapam and Snout; the next day £50 at the same place beating Carlock and Griffin. He also won the king's 100 guineas at Lewis, beating Skyscraper at 3 hands, the 1st being a dead heat. After which he was so highly esteemed that he became a stallion in his Lordship's stud at 12 guineas a mare. This horse is the sire of the following running horses in England: John Bull, Persepolis, Matilda, Novara, Chesnut colt out of Bolla, Chesnut colt out of Rosemary, Humbug, Lazarus, Ragnier, Apollo, Guliver, Tag, Louisa, Tip off, Mr. Hopper, Grey filly by R. L. Lamped, Mary, Matilda, Bay filly by Mr. Brown's Grey filly by Mr. Radcliffe's Rex, Binafara, and Bobail, Feb. 20, 1805.
THOMAS GOODE.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
RUN away from the subscriber about the end of Nov. or early in Dec. a black servant named SAM, I believe about 19 or 20 years of age, very strong and likely for a man of his age. He was seen in the neighborhood of this place some time after he absconded himself, but from his tenacity I have reason to suppose that he may be lurking about, or concealed by those conspirators in the counties of Powhatan or Goochland. I will give the above reward if he is brought to me in this place; or ten dollars if secured in a jail so that I may get him.
Arch'd. Freeland.
Manchester, March 16, 1805.
THE SIXTH and LAST VOLUME of
WARNER & HANNA'S
Select Plays
Is just received at this office, where a few complete sets of the work in elegant binding are for sale.
FROM SOUTH AMERICA.
THE BEAUTIFUL SPANISH HORSE,
APPALUSIA,
WILL stand the ensuing season, at my plantation on Chickahominy, near the new bridges, and will be let to mares at the moderate price of ten dollars the season, payable the first of Oct. next, but notes (to be sent with the mares) may be discharged by paying eight dollars on or by the 1st of August, when the season will end. Insurance fifteen dollars (notes just as above, payable till March, 1806.) And four dollars each the leap. In either case 25 cents to the groom, to be paid down. Mares will be fed with clover and lucerne gratis, and corn if required, at the selling price. I have 20 spare stalls in a strong new stable, with substantial locks, where they may be kept of nights, but will not be answerable for escapes.
APPALUSIA is lately from South America, about ten years old, 15 hands high, of a beautiful snow white colour, and most elegantly formed. It is unnecessary to point out the great superiority of this excellent breed of horses for the saddle, harness, &c., as it is generally known that they are well gaited, gentle, and the most hardy and thrifty horses in the world, and many live to be upwards of 50 years old.
APPALUSIA stood in Augusta the season before last, where he proved to be a certain foal getter, and many of his colts would have sold for 200 dollars each at a day old. A few mares were put to him the last season, (having bought him late) all of which proved with foal.
BENJAMIN DUVAL.
February 15th, 1805.
A PROPOSAL,
BY WILLIAM YOUNG, BIRCH & ABRAHAM SMALL,
OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA:
FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION
THAT CELEBRATED WORK,
GIBBON'S HISTORY
OF THE
DECLINE AND FALL OF THE RO-
MAN EMPIRE:
Together with MEMOIRS of the LIFE and
WRITINGS of the AUTHOR.
No book could be offered, which stands in less need of encomium and recommendation. It has been read in almost every European language. The history of the long and interesting period from the reign of Augustus to the taking of Constantinople, and the death of Mahomet the II. is no where else to be found in the shape of regular and well arranged history. The Publishers presume to hope, that they do a service to their country in giving an Edition of it from the American press—They will briefly speak of their intentions, and the superiority of this edition.
 1. It will be the most complete Edition of Gibbon extant.—Because it will be enriched with the Memoirs of his Life and Writings, written by himself.—This will be an addition to the London copy of nearly 200 pages.  2. It will be about one third cheaper than the London Copy.  3. It will be executed in the best style.—The Publishers, with confidence, recommend to the public an inspection of the books, published by them within the last three years.—They are, Ruskin's Ancient and Modern Europe; 7 Volumes—The Domestic Encyclopedia, 5 Volumes, and Tucker's Blackstone, 5 Volumes.—They promise not to degenerate. 
CONDITIONS.
 1. It shall be printed from the last London edition, and be published in Eight Octavo Volumes, during the year 1804.  2. It shall be delivered to those Subscribers who take it in Volumes, at Two Dollars per Volume in boards. 
Those who wait for the completion of the Work, may have it either at Sixteen Dollars in boards; or in a good and handsome binding, at Twenty Dollars, payable on delivery.
It will be enriched with Two whole sheet Maps—One of the Eastern, the other of the Western part of the Roman Empire—A Map of the parts of Europe and Asia adjacent to Constantinople, and an elegantly engraved Head of the Author.
Subscriptions received by SAMUEL PLEASANTS, Jr. Mechanic.
For Jaundice & Bilious complaints,
WHARTON'S
Genuine Patent Bitters.
Price only 50 cts.
Secured to him by Letters Patent from the President of the United States.
A MEDICINE so extremely useful and efficacious for curing jaundice and bilious disorders, and removing that feeling, faint and distressed feeling at the stomach, difficulty of breathing, loss of appetite and sleepy, dull heaviness in the forepart of the day, weakness and trembling of the limbs, dizziness of the head, and yellowness of complexion, complaints so common to jaundice and bilious people.
Also removing obstructions of the bowels, and obtaining choleric complaints, pickings and purgings, indigestion, sick head aches, rheumatic complaints, &c. which arise from a collection of four bilious matter in the stomach, and at length following the continuation to strength and vigor.
They are also found very effectual to carry off worms, and to cure rickety children, and may be used with success in all conditions, as and fevers.
The many cures that have been effected in New England, by the above medicine (as may be seen in the bills) prevents the necessity of further recommendation.
WHEATON'S PATENT ITCH OINTMENT.
Price only 50 cts.
The only medicine in the world which will certainly cure the ITCH, without having in it any thing either dangerous or disagreeable: it being composed mostly of ingredients never before discovered or used in that disorder.
One box cures a person, and there need be no washing after the use of it, as the skin is generally left cleaner and smoother.
ALSO,
RAYSON'S CELEBRATED BITTERS & LEE'S
Genuine Windham Antiphlogistic Pills.
The above medicines are for sale at this office.
THE CELEBRATED HIGH
BLOODED ENGLISH
HORSE,
OSCAR,
FULL sixteen hands high, imported
by me last summer, after having been him the year before, and sold him as to his reputation, is now in fine health, full of vigor and muscular strength, and will be let to mares, the ensuing season, at my stables, in Charles City county, Sandy Point, at Six Guineas the season, which may be discharged by the payment of Five Guineas, on or before the tenth day, of August next; Three Guineas the leap, and Ten to insure a foal; A Dollar to the groom. Pastures as extensive as any in the state, and interior to none for fine natural grass, especially the white clover, which abounds to a wonderful degree in the months of April, May, and June; as also after harvest, that succession of crab and other grass, which so plentifully takes place here, will be afforded, with entertainment for events, free from escapes. No liability for any injuries or accidents which may not be the result of wanton neglect or abuse, as I have given my word to the public, that no pains not as usual shall be wanting on my part to render satisfaction, with our respect to persons, to every gentleman who thinks it to send mares for the season. This very extraordinary stallion, cost me, when landed in this state, greatly upwards of one thousand pounds, and without meaning to detract from the merits of any other, I can safely venture to say, is the most perfect horse in Virginia; for the most critical observer has not yet been able to discover a single defect or blemish in him, either as to activity, strength, or beauty. Nothing can excel him in the neck, ear and eye; so bold, gay, and full of fire is he, that he fascinates in spite of prejudice, every beholder, that instant he is brought into view.
I would endeavour to give a full description of him, for the satisfaction of those gentlemen who cannot conveniently visit me, but in the attempt I might do him injustice, and therefore, I invite those who think themselves competent judges in this respect, and I do not fear the result, in short, it will not be deemed extravagant to say, he is, of his kind, the best effort of nature.
OSCAR is a dark brown, was got by Saltram, the best horse in his day, who was the sire of Whiskey, and many good racers—his dam by High Flyer—granddam by Herod—great granddam (Misa Middleton) by Regulus—great granddam (Camilla) by a son of Bay Bore, Bartlett's Chiders. Honeywood's Arabian, dam of the two True Blues.
In 1798, at New Market, at three years old, he won a handicap sweepsstakes of 15 guineas each, two year old course, beating Lord Clermont's b c by Drumator, Mr. Howarth's b c Mouse, Mr. Adams's b c Cypress, Mr. Watson's b c Duplicator, to one on Oscar.
At Lambton, where he was second best, four mile heats, against Heart of Oak and others, running three heats.
In 1799, he won the Oatlands Stakes of fifty guineas each, 110 subscribers, beating Lord Grosvenor's ch (10 subscribers) beating Lord C. Walter, Sir F. Standish's b c Stamford, Mr. Durand's Play or Pay, Mr. Cookson's b c Amorosi, Lord Clermont's b c Amorosi, Lord G. Cavendish's b c Jupiter. The judges could only place the Rivalry.
In 1800, the same year, he won at Bracket Hill, 300 for all ages, head about one mile and a quarter, beating Sir Charles Bunbury's Cometant, 4 years old, Mr. Bowes's Shadler, 5 years old.
In October, he won the Oatlands stakes of 30 guineas each, (18 subscribers) beating Mr. Tharpe's b c Chippendale, Mr. Williamson's b c by Buzzard, out of Rachel, Lord Clermont's b c Amato, Lord Grosvenor's ch Lady Bull, Sir C. Bunbury's b c Wrangler, Sir F. Poole's b c by Dragon, Mr. Haward's Speculator, Mr. Ladbrooke's Humbug. The judges could only place the first 3.
In 1801, at New Market, April 14th, he won the Craven stakes, of 10 guineas each, across the Flat, 4 years old, carrying Stone 9 lbs. He won all ages, beating the Duke of Grafton's b c First Fruits, Lord Clermont's b c G. J. Meteor, Mr. Cookson's b c Diamond, Mr. Coventry's b c Voltaire, Mr. O'Keely's Grey Pilot, Mr. Durand's Ramachandra, (Que Princess) Mr. Dashwood's Pay or Pay, and Sir F. Standish's b c by Sir Peter, out of Storage. The judge could only place the first five. Even betting, Oscar against the field.

Private Entertainment. The subscriber has taken a lease of five years, for the well known and commodious house in the city of Richmond, long occupied by Mr. Rich...
MAP OF VIRGINIA. PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, A MAP OF VIRGINIA, FORMED FROM ACTUAL SURVEYS, AND THE LATEST AS WELL AS MOST ACCURATE OBSERVATIONS.
Gloucester Low Grounds FOR SALE. Will be sold, on the premises, for ready money, on the 24th day of May next, under a decree of the court of Gloucester county, two hundred and seventy seven acres of LAND...
WONDER, IMPORTED last fall was 12 months in the ship Monticello; I stand at my stable the ensuing season, and be let to mares at Six Guineas each...
Advertisement. To be SOLD, to the highest bidder, on a credit of twelve months, FIVE TRACTS OF LAND, belonging to the estate of Thomas Anderson...
Geo. Watt HAS removed from the store he formerly occupied to a brick house on the cross street leading from the main street to Shockoe warehouse...
A Parcel of Land, Situated in the county of Chesterfield, within the distance of four miles from Manchester, and estimated to contain about three hundred and fifteen acres.
A GREAT BARGAIN MAY BE HAD IN A Likely Negro Fellow, About twenty-six years of age. Enquire of Mr. Henry Toler in the city of Richmond, or the subscriber in Hanover county.
Notice. THAT Mr. Anthony Dibell of Buckingham county is by the fully authorized to make sale of one TRACT OF LAND, in Patrick county containing 3000 acres...
Richmond Academy Lottery. CLASS NO. II. 4000 Tickets at 10 dollars each. dols. 40000 1 Prize of 10000 dols. 10000 1 of 5000 5000 2 of 1000 2000 5 of 500 2500 10 of 100 1000 20 of 50 1000 100 of 10 1000
Patent Medicines. CHURCH'S COUGH DROPS. A medicine unequalled by any in the world, for the cure of coughs, colds, asthma & consumptions. PAINKILLER LOZENGES. For the voice, hoarseness, colds, coughs, &c. &c. CHEMICAL ESSENCE AND EXTRACT OF MUSTARD. For the cure of the rheumatism, gout, rheumatic gout, palsy, white swelling, chilblains, &c.
Land for Sale. THE subscriber offers for sale eleven hundred and ten acres of LAND, lying on the waters of Cunningham and Briery creeks, in Albemarle and Fluvanna. This land is well timbered, and the turnpike road from Richmond to Staunton runs nearly through the centre of it.
YARMOUTH, Lying in James City county, on Chickahominy river, ten miles from Williamsburg. The improvements are, a two-story brick house with two rooms and a passage above, and below, porticos on each side, a large and capacious barn, and 3 other out houses.
Valuable Lands for Sale. I WISH to sell a HALF SHARE in the Dismal Swamp Company—also, SHARES in the Canal from Albemarle sound to Elizabeth river—also, One Third of three Tracts of LAND, lying on Nansemond river near Suffolk, the three tracts amounting in the whole to about 1200 acres.
FOR RENT, The large white House, At Rocketts, formerly occupied by Mr. William Fenwick, and afterwards by Mr. Braxton Craddock. For terms apply to Gallego, Richard & Co.
FOR SALE, TWO LOTS, HANDSOMELY situated in the town of New Canton, on James river; on both are new and well-built dwelling houses and offices; on one an excellent garden well enclosed, and the other containing one acre, with a good post and rail fence.
HATS & SHOES. AN ASSORTMENT just received and for sale by JUDSON & BURR, Second door above the Eagle. ALSO, 3 Bales INDIA COTTONS, 1 Case 4-4 fine IRISH LINENS, 2 Tons country refined BAR IRON.
Richmond Academy Lottery. THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
THE SECOND VOLUME OF Pinkerton's Geography, AND THE ATLAS, Which completes the work, are now ready for delivery at S. Pleasants' Book-store. A few copies for sale—Price 16 dollars.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
FOR SALE, THE subscriber being appointed by the Trustees to collect all monies due on the sales of Tickets in said Lottery, requests those indebted for the same to make immediate payment to him at the Land Office.
NEW PUBLICATION. Just received at S. Pleasants' Printing-Office, and Book-Store, [PRICE ONE DOLLAR,] A FAMILY TOUR THROUGH THE BRITISH EMPIRE; CONTAINING SOME ACCOUNT OF ITS Natural and Artificial Curiosities, History and Antiquities, INTERSPERSED WITH BIOGRAPHICAL ANECDOTES, Particularly adapted to the amusement and instruction of Youth. (With a large Map of the British Empire.) BY TRISCILLA WAKEFIELD.