The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-11-08 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM. (PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 53.]
RICHMOND, FRIDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 8, 1805.
[VOLUME 2.]
VIEWS OF TRIPOLI
Will shortly be Published, elegantly Engraved & Coloured, by Subscription, on the following terms:
1st: Each Plate shall be 20 inches by 14, on an excellent copper-plate paper—for which the subscriber shall pay two dollars—one of which will be received in advance, for the purpose of engraving the proprietor to carry into effect an undertaking so interesting at this moment to the Citizens of the United States.
2nd: The Plates shall be delivered to subscribers in this city without delay, on their emission from the press, by the hand of the person who took the Views on the spot—There will be an advance to non-subscribers of half a dollar on each plate.
The first drawing is a perspective view of the loss of the late United States frigate Philadelphia: in which is represented her relative position to the Tripolitan gun-boats, when, during their furious attacks upon her, she was unable to get a single gun to bear upon them.
The second drawing is a view of Commodore Preble's Squadron, whilst engaging the gun-boats and forts of Tripoli, on the 3d of August, 1804: when they captured three of the Tripolitan boats, and greatly damaged the Bashaw's fortifications—Each of those drawings is embellished by a distant view of the Harbour, with its Rocks, and the Town of Tripoli, with its Forts.
It is expected that the public will not hesitate in complying with the latter part of the first article, when they are put in mind of the situation the artist found in which he took the views, and the situation he now finds in, after a captivity originating in the defence of his country, against a barbarous race of beings, who are the eternal enemies of every free and enlightened nation. Under the Yoke, his long and fervently felt the stripes of these debased marauders, while hope, the only consolation to the wretched, alone enabled him and his unfortunate companions, to survive the fatal catastrophe, represented in the first of these engravings. His relative situation at present, may be naturally anticipated, since his delivery from slavery has been so recent. He pledges his word that the Views are correct, as is known by the Officers of the frigate Philadelphia who are now in Richmond, and by all those who returned from Tripoli in the ship President. Copies of these Views are at the Office of the Enquirer, for public inspection, and will occasionally be shown by the person who shall produce the subscription paper. The publisher hopes no more than such patronage as his Views merit; he also hopes that his expectations will not be altogether disappointed in his present undertaking, as some of these were taken at the risk of his life, or of having dragged out a miserable existence in perpetual slavery.
His Geometrical Plan of the City, Harbour, Forts and Rocks of Tripoli, is a most interesting production; in which is shown the bearings and distances of the Rocks, which form the Entrance of the Harbour, and which may prove as shelters to attacking bomb-vessels, are laid down, from every particular fort or magazine in the place—This Plan, if it receives a reasonable encouragement in the present instance, he purposes publishing—it may be seen shortly at the Office of the Enquirer.
* We do Certify, That Mr. Charles D. Moon was a prisoner in Tripoli, having been captured on board the Philadelphia frigate—that his conduct previous to that event, and during his captivity, was such as to meet the approbation of his officers—The Views of Tripoli, he intends to publish, are taken by himself on the spot, and from the specimens we have seen, we believe them to be correct.
BENJAMIN F. READ, JAMES GIBBONS.
Richmond, November 1st, 1805.
* Subscriptions received at the Enquirer Office.
The whole of the subscription to the late edition of the DEBATES of the VIRGINIA CONVENTION, published by Messrs. Ritchie & Worley and Augustine Davis, having been transferred by those gentlemen to Samuel Pleasants, Jr.—Subscribers will please to take notice, that the Books will be delivered by him (only) in Richmond, and by such persons as he may appoint for the purpose in other places.
November 5. 2t.
NOTICE.
THAT the late concern of BAKER & OSGOOD, having been dissolved, since the 21st ult. it is not expected by the undersigned, that any contract will be made, whereby to charge him; but should an attempt be made, this is to warn the public, from entering into such contract, as I do not hold myself responsible for any act of the said Baker's, since the dissolution of the co-partnership as aforesaid.
SEWALL OSGOOD. November 5. 2t.
TO RENT,
THE Lumber House at present occupied by the subscribers on the Cross Street leading to the Basin. It is two stories high, 60 feet long, 20 feet wide, and well calculated for storing Flour or Tobacco. If it is not rented, the above articles will be received in storage by
PICKETT, POLLARD, & JOHNSTON. November 5. (ep3w)
THE Co-partnership of the subscribers, under the firm of THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. will dissolve by mutual consent, on the 11th inst.
THOS. TAYLOR, JNO. SATCHELL.
The subscribers, under the firm of TAYLOR & BROWN,
Offer their services to the public as AUCTIONEERS and COMMISSION MERCHANTS, at the stand lately occupied by Thomas Taylor & Co. where they have on hand a large stock of
Dry Goods and West-India Produce, most of which will be disposed of at private sale on very low terms for cash or approved negotiable notes.
THOMAS TAYLOR, JAMES BROWN, Junr. October 11. (h)
MILITARY CERTIFICATES.
FOR SALE, Certificates of this state, bearing interest of 6 per cent. and receivable at the Treasury, for all arrearages of taxes, prior to the year 1798. WILLIAM PRICE, Cashr. Genl. M. A. S. May 10. tl.
LAND—FOR SALE,
IN the county of Lunenburg, lying within one mile of the Court-house, on Couch's creek; this tract contains seven hundred and fifty acres, one hundred and fifty of which is cleared; comfortably improved for the accommodation of a family. This land is well suited to the cultivation of Tobacco, Corn and Wheat. A great bargain may be had in this land. The terms may be made known, by application to Major Griffin Green, of Nottoway, who is duly authorized to dispose of it, or the subscriber living on the premises.
JOSEPH SMITH. Lunenburg, August 2. (epf).
FALL GOODS.
THE Subscribers are receiving by the ships Intrepid, Providence and George, from Liverpool, and the Suffolk from London, their supply of merchandise for the fall, which (especially in the Hardware line) is very extensive and general, and will be sold by the piece or package. They have also on hand a few Quarter Casks London Particular Madeira Wine, Cognac Brandy, Raisins, Pepper, Allum, &c. All of which they offer for sale on the most moderate terms.
JOHN & ROBT. GAMBLE, Junr. October 11. (oaw4w.)
FALL GOODS.
THE Subscriber is receiving and opening a general assortment of FALL AND WINTER GOODS, which he offers for sale on his usual low terms.
WILLIAM GALT. October 11. 4w.
PAINTS FOR SALE, CHEAP.
WHITE LEAD, dry and ground in oil, Spanish Brown do. do. Yellow Ochre do. do. Venetian Red do. do. Verdigrise by the lb. sack or hundred weight. Spirits of Turpentine, Copal Varnish, Turpentine do. &c. &c.
A considerable quantity of the above articles have just come to hand, and as the season for painting is far advanced, they will be sold below the current price.
Apply at the Apothecary Shop on the lower floor of the Bell-Tavern. November 1. (2w2w.)
NOTICE.
THE Lands in the county of King William, called the Lower College, having been already disposed of, the sale of those known as the upper College, will commence on the 2nd Monday in November next, at the Tavern of Mrs. Drury, and continue from day to day until the whole are sold. There are of these Lands about 10,000 acres, divided into 60 tenements; situate in a healthy thriving neighbourhood, 18 or 20 miles from Richmond: and include some of the best Pamunkey Lands. 15 or 16 of the tenements are believed not to be under lease. The payments, heretofore advertised, to be made at three annual periods from the first of January next, will, to those who wish it, be extended to five annual payments, the interest being yearly paid; indeed when this is regularly done, it is probable that the principal may lie as long in the hands of the purchaser as he chooses.
WILLIAM COLEMAN, Agent for the College of William & Mary. Williamsburg, Oct. 23. tdf.
P. NOWLAND,
Ladies and Gentlemen's Hair Cutter and DRESSER: BEGS leave to inform the Ladies and Gentlemen of Richmond, that he has opened a shop next door above the Swan Tavern, where he cuts hair in the most fashionable and becoming style—Ladies or gentlemen wishing to be attended at any time at their residence, will be waited on. He makes Ladies' Wigs and Frizzes of the latest fashion; Gentlemen's fashionable and natural Wigs made on the shortest notice on elastic balls;
HE HAS FOR SALE, Balsamic Butter of Soap; to wash the hands or face and maintain the complexion, soft, red and fair, and is also superior to any kind of Soap for shaving. Honey water, and Hair Brushes, to curl the hair and give it a fine gloss, and many other articles in the Perfumery line. November 1. Sep.
WASHINGTON TAVERN.
THE SUBSCRIBER,
WILL be prepared to accommodate thirty members of the next Assembly, he flatters himself, in a manner more convenient and agreeable to them than heretofore; having two building detached from his Tavern, which he intends exclusively for their accommodation. Also his dining room, which before was but small and inconvenient, is now large, and very convenient. To those acquainted with this situation it would be unnecessary to state the decided advantage it has over any other in this city, being within two hundred yards of the Capitol, and adjoining the public square. He pledges himself to keep his tables well supplied with Clover, Hay, Fodder, Oats and Corn: and offers an assurance that the strictest attention, will be paid by an experienced white Officer.
ED. HALLAM. November 1. eptml.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD,
TO apprehend NIM, a small mulatto fellow, who ran away from me the 13th ultimo; he is twenty-two or three years old, but has a very young appearance; he took with him a short blue cloth coat, corduroy pantaloons, and a drab great coat; he is a very cunning artful fellow; his business has been that of taking care of horses and driving a carriage. The above reward will be paid if lodged in jail.
JOHN COLES. Albemarle, November 1. (ep3wp.)
NOTICE.
A Petition will be presented to the General Assembly of Virginia, at the next session, praying that an act may pass to incorporate a company for the purpose of cutting a Canal on the south side of the Falls of James River, or otherwise improving the navigation of the river for the passage of Batteaux; and also for the establishment of a Bank in the town of Manchester.
August 13. (epml.)
NOTICE
is hereby given, that a petition will be presented to the next general assembly of Virginia, praying that an act may pass to authorise the sale of a TRACT OF LAND, belonging to the estate of Wm. Steptoe, dec'd. late of Hewick in Middlesex county, for the benefit of his infant children and his other legal Representatives. Nov. 1. tm.
NOTICE.
A Petition will be presented to the next General Assembly, praying that the County Court of King William may hereafter be held on the first Monday, and the Court of Hanover on the fourth Monday of every month. Oct. 8. Tm.
THE subscribers offer for sale, their revolutionary right in a new fire-proof warehouse on Maxwell's wharf in the Borough of Norfolk, described in the will of Doctor John K. Read, dec'd. as his uppermost warehouse.
In this property, Mrs. Helen Read has a life estate.
MERIWETHER JONES, BENJAMIN F. READ.
It is probable that I may leave this estate long in which event, Meriwether Jones will be fully authorised to act for me. BENJAMIN F. READ. November 1. tl.
NEAL NELSON,
BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND.
MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use.
Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale.
Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well if they were on the spot.
A—The length of the Boot.—C—round the Calf.—B—the pitch of ditto.—D—round the heel and instep.—E—round the instep.—G—across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. January 1. eptf.
Amberst August Court, 1805.
IN CHANCERY.
John Profit, Randolph Profit, Jesse Profit, Rowland Profit, Elizabeth Profit and Nancy Profit, children of David Profit, dec'd. and Duncan Cameron and Molly his wife, late Molly Profit, a daughter of David Profit, dec'd. and David Profit and Austin Profit infant children of Austin Profit, dec'd. who was a son of the said David Profit, dec'd. by John Profit their guardian and next friend. Comp'lrs. Against William Joffin and Sally his wife, Joseph Wilcher and Susanna his wife, and David Profit, which said Sally, Susanna, and David are children of the said David Profit, dec'd. Defts.
ON the motion of the complainants by their attorney, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendants Wm. Joffin and Sally his wife, Joseph Wilcher and Susanna his wife, and David Profit are not inhabitants of this state and without the jurisdiction of this court: It is ordered that the defendants do appear here on the third Monday in November next, and answer the complainant's bill, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some public newspaper published within this Commonwealth for eight weeks successively, and that another copy be posted at the front door of the court house of this county on some court day. Copy. Teste, W. S. CRAWFORD, c. c. cur. Sept. 24. ep8w.
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.
STRAYED or stolen from my pasture two or three weeks past, a valuable PLOUGH HORSE. He is of a bay color, sturdy and well set, has a large body, and one of his eyes (I believe his right) has been injured by a blow which divided his upper eye lid, and has almost not entirely deprived him of sight in that eye. He has a swith mane and tail; gallops, trots, and paces, and would answer as well for the cart as for the plough. I have some reason to believe he was brought to Richmond about the time of the Fairfield Races, and either exchanged or sold. I will give the above reward, and pay all reasonable charges, to any person who will deliver him to me, and I will give twenty dollars for the detection of the thief, if he has been stolen. W. BROCKENBROUGH, Hanover, October 22. tf.
RUNAWAY NEGRO.
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD, if taken within fifty miles of Richmond, and one hundred Dollars if taken beyond it, will be given to apprehend a negro man named LEWIS, about thirty years of age, who left night away from the subscribers. He is very stout made, and about 5 feet 10, or 5 feet 11 inches high; has a masculine countenance—had on when he went away, a Ruffia Drill Drab Coat and Pantaloons; but has a variety of other clothing—He was formerly the property of Mr. Edward Hallam of Hanover Town, where perhaps he may be gone—All masters of vessels are forewarned from harbouring or carrying him away, under the penalty of the law. GILLIAM & KIRBY. September 6. (tf.)
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
RUNAWAY from the subscriber, on Saturday night last, a negro man named PRINCE, he is about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, stout made, and when spoken to, has rather a down look; his apparel when he went off was a drab broad cloth coat with a yellow cape, waistcoat of the same, and pantaloons of Manchester stuff, he also took with him a short jacket and pantaloons of Virginia cloth dyed brown, and a yellow Merlais waistcoat; it is probable he may attempt to get to Petersburg or Richmond, and go from thence to Williamsburg or Norfolk, as he was formerly the property of Samuel Griffin, Esq. of Williamsburg. Whoever will deliver the said fellow to me, five miles below Nottoway Court-house, or secure him in jail, so that I get him again, shall be entitled to the above reward—Masters of vessels and others, are cautioned against carrying him off. RICHARD EPES. Nottoway, October 18. (ep8w p.)
FOR SALE,
A TRACT OF LAND in Surry county, containing about 1600 acres, within 3 miles of James river, and a mile and a half of a navigable part of Gray's creek. There are six or eight hands in three distinct shifts; and the improvements are sufficient for the accommodation of a gentle family, with every necessary house for farming. This tract will bear dividing into three parts, and may have a sufficient proportion of very rich low grounds to each; but would be more valuable to a single purchaser, as it abounds with timber, both of white and red oak, (fit for staves) pine, poplar and ash; and there is a very advantageous site for a grist and saw mill, nearly in the centre of the tract—it is unnecessary to say more, than that it is a healthy, airy situation, and abounds in good springs; has an apple orchard now in perfection, of 800 grafted fruits of the most choice kinds. The quantity of the lands, will be best judged of by those who are desirous of purchasing, and will take the trouble of viewing the premises—part of the purchase money being paid down, the balance may be paid in two, three or four annual payments—giving approved security. For terms apply to RICHARD COCKE. Isle of Wight, near Smithfield, September 13. } F 7w.
DOCTOR J. WORRALL,
HAVING taken the first brick house on the right hand side after passing the corner of the Cross-street, leading from the Brick-Row to the head of the Basin, offers his services to the citizens of Richmond and its vicinity in the different branches of the MEDICAL PROFESSION. Families residing in the country, requiring his assistance, may depend on the most prompt and judicious attention. October 22. (oaw4w.)
JUST RECEIVED,
THE 4th Vol. of Marshall's LIFE OF WASHINGTON.
Subscribers to this work are particularly requested to call for their respective books at William Pritchard's Book and Stationary Store.
Wm. Pritchard begs leave to inform the public at large, that he is now selling off his stock in trade, at reduced prices. October 29. tf.
IRISH LINEN & SHEETING
WELL assorted in boxes containing 26 to 36 pieces, purchased in Dublin last July, and imported in the ship George from Liverpool, for sale by the box and piece by JOHN HENRY. Who has also on hand, a few bales of GERMAN OSNABURGS, imported direct from Varel, October 29. 5wp.
FROM THE NORFOLK LEDGER.
NASSAU, (N. P.) Oct. 8.
COURT OF VICE-ADMIRALTY,
Tuesday, Oct. 1, 1805. Before His Honour HENRY MORETON DYER, Esq. sole Judge and Commissary. ADELINE, STRONG, MASTER.
William Wyllie, Esq. His Majesty's Advocate General, Council for the Captors.
William Kerr, Esquire, for Claimant. Advocates having been heard on both sides, His Honour delivered the following
JUDGMENT:
This is the case of an American vessel, captured by his majesty's ship Stork on the 29th of August last, on a voyage from the port of Cavanas in the island of Cuba to Norfolk in Virginia. The captors have contended for condemnation upon two grounds—First, respecting the proof of property—and secondly upon the point of law as to the nature of the trade. As to the first they state, that Count Ynjo holds an exclusive contract for the importation of flour into the island of Cuba, and that the widow Poey and Hernandez, the consignees of the outward cargo and the laders of the present cargo, are the agents of the court, and as such transfer his business—from which they infer that this property is theirs, and assert that Mr. Moses Myers, in whose behalf it is claimed, was in the habits of covering enemy's property during the late war. As to all these arguments, I can only say, that the circumstance they charge are not officially known to the court; that every case must stand upon its own facts and documents; that there are in this particular case the fullest proof of property, against which general surmises of probable fraud and deception cannot justly prevail. It is also stated that there is no sea letter for the present voyage, though there was one for a former voyage of the same description; but from whatever cause this deficiency may arise, I shall not stop to enquire, when I find among the papers that best, most authentick and solemn document, as to the property of the vessel, I mean the register.—It is further urged, that the parties themselves must have been aware of their defective proofs, as they have added a certificate of Exhibit No. 6, (the Role of Equipage) not required by law; but as I find this certificate frequently annexed to that instrument, and it even appears in a printed form, I do not think it deserves such an imputation. And upon the whole I think this first ground of the captors argument avails them very little.
The second ground, respecting the legality of the voyage I think of more importance. Under this head it is asserted by the captor's advocate, that the present case is perfectly similar to that of the Juno, Packard, which lately occurred in this Court. This is denied on the part of the claimant, and a distinction is attempted between the two cases, which makes it material, that the circumstances of that case should be understood. The Juno was the name of an American vessel, with a cargo of sugar, molasses and coffee, captured on a voyage from the port of Matanzas in the island of Cuba to Rhode Island; having carried in her outward voyage from Rhode Island, a cargo of dry goods and provisions to the Havana, whence she afterwards proceeded to Matanzas to take on board a cargo in return. Matanzas appeared to be a port of entry and the ship obtained her clearance from thence: the proofs of property appeared to the court sufficient, and the court was only affected by the question as to the legality of the trade. Upon that occasion, the doctrines as to the enemy's Colonial trade, were largely discussed at the bar, and explained at length from the bench. It was stated on behalf of the captors, that the trade of the Spanish Colonies was in general, guarded by a very strict monopoly; That in time of peace a foreigner could have no access to any part of the extension and that the privilege of trading even to that port was clogged by numerous restrictions and very enormous duties: That during the pressure of the late war, it had been the policy of the Spanish government to encourage the trade of neutrals to that port, by diminishing the duties, and suspending many of the restrictions; but that still the trade was confined to the Havana, whither the produce of the whole island, which was destined to pass in this species of barter, was carried from all the other ports of Cuba: That the transportation of this produce, owing to the general want of roads, and the extreme difficulty of interior communication in an island fertile by nature, but little improved by art or industry, was necessarily and almost exclusively effected by maritime conveyance: That upon the breaking out of the present war, the Spaniards had, in a more extended degree than upon any former occasion, resorted to their system of neutral supply: That they had, in fact, taken off the restrictions, and left a very small proportion of the duties, and that, becoming thus liberally supplied from others, they had put under an embargo all their own vessels, which had formerly been engaged in their foreign trade, and thus effectually saved them from the dangers of war. That still, however, the vessels which carried their produce coastwise to the general mart of the Havana (commonly called Droghera) were exposed to
* Our readers will remember that there is no other foundation for this remark, than the impertinence of Mr. Advocate-General W. F. C., who would not have dared to make an assertion so false, as fundamental, if he had not been in a situation to secure ideas from chafflism. Every person who knows the gentleman mentioned, will treat Mr. Attorney's remarks with the contempt and indignation they deserve.
capture from the vigilance of British cruisers; That for the purpose of effecting a complete and general deliverance of their trade and property from the infliction of our superior force, and of withdrawing even their coasters from our grasp, the Spaniards had now opened to strangers, for the first time, all the out ports as well as the Capital of Cuba. It was argued, that a trade, thus formerly monopolized by the Spaniards themselves, and now thrown open merely under the pressure of hostility could not lawfully be exercised by a neutral: That the neutral could not, with impunity be allowed to accept such new and temporary privileges for the benefit of one belligerent and to the prejudice of another. In proof of the former monopoly of this trade, arguments were used and authorities cited of nearly the same kind and description, as have been repeated on the present occasion. Many of the authorities were such, as the court is commonly accustomed to bow to with implicit deference; and had the question been merely as to the nature of the trade at the periods to which these authorities relate, the court would not have hesitated to decide upon the information therein contained. But advertising, at the same time, to the Buchanan state of modern Commerce, and to certain novel infractions of ancient systems, as evident in the very public instructions of the state; and deeply sensible of the great and important interests which might be involved in a decision upon the case in question, the Court was of opinion that such a decision could not be safely or correctly formed, without explicit information as to the nature of the Spanish colonial system, at the commencement of the present hostilities, and at this day; and accordingly suspended its judgment until such proof could be produced—for that purpose, the period of six months was allowed, of which little more than one half is now elapsed; whether or not that was too liberal an indulgence of time, it is needless now to consider; it was asked on one side and not objected to on the other; when fully expired, it will be the duty of the court to apply the law; but until then, it would be highly indecorous to intimate any opinion either upon that case, or any other like it. And I have been the more anxious to repeat so much respecting that case, that I might add my decisive opinion, that if nothing exists in the present case to distinguish it very materially from that, the court would be incompetent from want of information, and be guilty of a total dereliction of all consistency, were it to pronounce at once upon this case, while the other is suspended—It is material, therefore, to consider the ground on which the distinction between the two cases is maintained: That ground is, that the port of Matanzas, from which the Juno failed, is a regular port of entry, and that the port of Cavanas, whence the Adeline proceeded, is a dependency of Havana. The fact of dependency is probable from the clearance of this vessel being granted at Havana; but though the clearance is from Havana the voyage is admitted to have been from Cavanas.
The nature of this dependency is a matter of fact unknown to the court, and which is yet to be explained to it. If it should appear by such proof that the Cavanas was so completely a dependency of Havana, that foreigners going to Havana, in time of peace, under all the then restrictions and limitations, could deposit their cargoes at Havana then go on to Cavanas to load their returns, and take their clearances from Havana, I have no hesitation in saying, that such a voyage would be equally legal in time of war, and that this would then be a clear case for restitution.
But if the fact should turn out to be otherwise, and it should appear that foreigners were allowed to go to the port of Havana alone, and no where else, in time of peace, and that the present indulgence of going to Cavanas, arises merely out of the state of the war, how can the single circumstance of there being a port of entry, or no port of entry, distinguish this from any of the other out ports of Cuba?—By the map, Matanzas and Cavanas appear to be both equally distant east and west from Havana, namely about forty or fifty miles. If property passing along the coast from Matanzas to Havana, is exposed to risk from capture, is it not equally so from Cavanas? Is not the opening one part, as well as the other, calculated to withdraw such property from danger? And if to lend a hand to effect this object at one port, is an immaterial inference, is it not equally so at the other?
In the course of this inquiry the instruction of the 24th of June, 1808, has been discussed, and it is said by the claimant's counsel, that though the general law would not sanction this trade yet the instruction does.
The doctrine of the general law simply is, that a trade which was monopolized in time of peace must not be thrown open during the pressure of war. From the grounds on which indulgence have been extended by the instructions, we must look to their history, as they were severally issued during the late war.
The general principles, it is well known, were laid down in the war of 1756: It is equally well known, that in the succeeding war the remarkable policy of our public enemy in avowing, that that measure of opening his colonial possessions was meant to be permanent (an avowal, the sincerity of which was manifested by the succeeding peace) rendered the application of these principles unnecessary. But at the commencement of the last war with France, circumstances having reverted to their former state, we again resorted to our former principles; and thereupon the instruction of November 1793 was issued; upon which, I think it not too much to say, that it encouraged our cruisers to a pretty general application of the rule. But the American government having presently represented, that its subjects were in time of peace, admitted to some participation of the colonial trade, the instruction of January 1794, came out for the purpose of sanctioning them in that traffic; and the instructions of January 17 of January 1798 was subsequently established upon a similar attention to the interests and rights of other neutral states. The only instruction of the present war (after the information and experience of the last) has taken that of the year 1798 for its model.
Now though these instructions relax much from the general rule, they can scarcely be said to be exceptions to it in point of fact, both one and the other proceed on precisely the same principles.
In the first place we act out with a belief that the system of colonial monopoly was strictly and unexceptionably applied in practice, and therefore we say to neutrals, what you could not participate in, during peace, you shall not

now adopt in war. But certain neutral powers satisfy us, that in time of peace certain exceptions were established in their favour, that they were allowed to engage in that trade to some extent; we then say—to that extent you may still carry on your trade, and no further. The principle therefore is constantly the same, as laid down by Lord Eldon in the case of the Wilhelmina (Appendix to 4 Robertson's Reports.) "That neutrals are not at liberty to engage in a trade with the Colony of the enemy in time of war, which is not permitted to foreign vessels in time of peace." The law as arising from the general principle and the several relaxations, and as now applied by our government, appears, with its characteristic generosity and firmness to be founded upon a liberal indulgence to neutral privileges on the one hand, and a just assertion of belligerent rights on the other. To let one or other of these objects preponderate, would be, in my opinion, to infringe on the genuine meaning of the instructions.
As it is admitted that this case is not protected by the general law, it is only to be seen how far it is so by the instructions; it being laid down by the highest authority, that cases, which are not specially covered by the instructions, fall under the provisions of the general law, which is a law of exclusion and monopoly.
It is argued for the claimants, that the instruction does protect this case, because it is a direct trade from an enemy's port; and this has led to some construction upon that word direct . For the captors it is argued, that the instruction must have meant such a direct trade between the Colony and the neutral country as the neutral was previously allowed in time of peace; for the claimants it is said that this is an unfair construction, that the British government had not any former trade in its contemplation, and that its sole object was to allow a trade direct from any port of the enemy's colony to neutral country: I cannot help saying that looking to all the motives and principles, on which these instructions were grounded, the construction adopted by the captors counsel is the right one. But admitting that the claimants be right, it merely brings us back to the questions of fact, how far the port of Havanna and the port of Cavanass, are entirely one and the same wholly identified to all intents and purposes.
If it would turn out upon this question of fact, that foreigners could go to Cavanass in time of peace, then it will be but fair to consider a voyage from Cavanass with a clearance from Havanna as virtually a voyage from Havanna and entitled to protection of the direct intercourse: but if not, then I am of opinion that this will be a case precisely the same as the Juno ; and that the general question, as to the legality of such a trade, will decide both the cases together.
In that view, the argument of a direct trade as now used, cannot apply, because if the two ports are distinct we cannot consider the case of a voyage singly from the last port, but we must take the whole voyage together; it would be unfair to look only at any two intermediate terms of a voyage all the parts, and the whole scope of the transaction ought to be viewed together; it must be investigated ab ovo usque ad malum .
Upon the whole, I am of opinion, that there can be no solid distinction between this case and the Juno , unless the fact of identity between the two ports of Havanna and Cavanass should be established. And I therefore allow the parties three months, for producing proof on that head and also with respect to the general nature of this trade.
European Intelligence.
[From English papers received at Boston]
LONDON, Sept. 6. Our continental papers communicate no intelligence decisive of hostilities, but the military preparations of Austria are continued with increased activity. Throughout the hereditary states, recruiting is carried on with great spirit, and considerable bodies of troops are in movement to reinforce the army on the side of Italy. With respect to the notice which is taken of attempts to revive negotiations with France, it is so vague that no dependence can be placed upon it.
PARIS, Aug. 31.—We are just informed that 25 or 30,000 men of the army of the coast are preparing to march for the Rhine to cover the frontiers, which seems to be threatened by the movements of the Austrians. If we but recollect the very recent events of the last war, and consider all the measures which has been adopted to improve the interior of the pacified country, and all at the indication of one will, equally wise and vigorous provident and active, we may say, without any premature boast, that the movements of Austria are only threatening to Austria herself. For if these menacing appearances are to produce the effects that most probably arise from them, if that gallant army so often routed and so often oppressed, and burning with impatience for action, pour down without meeting with any obstacle, upon an enemy that provokes them, who can doubt of the issue of such a struggle? They will feel themselves still animated by the hatred that must fire them against England, who they must know, are the instigators of the war, and it is for England's sake alone, that the whole Continent is to be put in a flame. Such an excess of blind imprudence cannot well be conceived on the part of those who are the sport of them, and who would expose themselves to become the victims of their own imprudence.
On the 13th instant a train of 102 pieces of cannon, with the necessary ammunition, left Vienna for Italy; and the road from Vienna to Baden is so covered with troops, that travellers can hardly pass that way.
On the 5th July last, a most brilliant feast was given at St. Petersburg, Russia, by the Merchants of that city, on the occasion of laying the foundation stone to the New Exchange, for which the Emperor the last year appropriated two millions of Rubles. At this ceremony the Emperor, Empress, and Dowager Empress, and the whole Imperial family and Court attended, and honoured two hundred of the principal Merchants with their presence, at one of the most magnificent entertainments which has been known in Russia. This feast was given in the Hall of the present Exchange, which was fitted up in a style of great elegance for the purpose, the flags of various nations were judiciously arranged, and formed an appropriate part of the decoration; those of the United States were observed to occupy the most conspicuous positions, over the door by which the emperor and court entered, and immediately in front of his Majesty the three ensigns of Russia, America, and England, formed a festoon, the Russian ensign in the centre, American on its right, and England on its left. His Majesty was saluted on his entry into the Hall by a band of martial music, and on being seated, a choir of one hundred performers, executed in a most impressive style, an ode which was composed for the occasion; on the health of the Emperor being given, the music struck forth in all the grandeur suited to the occasion, and the enthusiasm, animated the libation was re-echoed from the artillery of the Admiralty, in glorious tribute to the most beloved of Monarchs. The Emperor was extremely free and affable, conversed with a number of the merchants, and testified the highest gratification. After remaining at table an hour and a half, the Imperial guests retired, amidst the applause of their happy hosts, the discharge of cannon, and the acclamations of an innumerable populace, which rent the air with huzzas of long live our beloved monarch, long live the Czar.
On the 12th July, the Emperor returned the Company by visiting the whole of the mercantile body,
and the principal foreign Consuls, who were present at the preceding feast, to an entertainment at the Taurian palace; where, as before, the whole imperial family were assembled, and dined together. After dinner their Majesties retired to the Hall of Audience, where they received the compliments of several of the principal Merchants who were presented by the Minister of Commerce on the occasion, and also those of the respective Consuls present.
These, we believe are the first instances of a monarch of Russia dining with a corporation of Merchants. The present Emperor, who is the idol of his subjects, animated by the most laudable views to their happiness, is ever active in the means of giving it effect.
The improvement of the Empire in all its departments, and the commerce of Russia occupies his ready application, which has but too little occupied the attention of his predecessors, promises under his auspices to attain a rank with that of the first nations of the world.
The high consideration with which the commerce of America is regarded in Russia is evinced by the position in which their flags were placed at the feast given at the Exchange, and the distinguished attention which we find its Consul to have received at the Court of St. Petersburg, and which was extended to him in a most pointed manner on these public occasions, are ample testimonies of the respect entertained by the Emperor for the United States.
From Holland, Sept. 2.—Letters are received in town from Amsterdam, by an arrival on Tuesday last, which contain the following information:—Seven vessels have arrived at this place, which were carried into England, and after a short detention, released; this circumstance has caused, in some measure, a depression in the markets. There is a report to-day, that the Austrian ambassador has quitted Paris; a continental war is therefore now considered as inevitable.
From Gibraltar.—Capt. Rogers, in 34 days from Gibraltar, brings accounts, that the combined French and Spanish fleets were still at Cadiz: that admirals Calder and Collingwood, were before that place, with a squadron of about 17 sail; and that Lord Nelson, with an additional force, was hourly expected to arrive on that station, for the purpose of taking the command of the blockade.
Captain Rogers further advises, that the French and Spanish troops, in the neighbourhood of Gibraltar, were said to amount to between 20 and 30 thousand men; and that on the event of the return of the calamity which proved so fatal to the garrison and inhabitants during the last year, it was expected an attack would be made. At present the troops enjoy great health, and were prepared to meet the enemy at every point.
The differences between this country and Tripoli being fully adjusted, a part of the U. States squadron, then lying at Gibraltar, and consisting of 4 frigates, 2 sloops, and two bomb brigs, were expected to sail immediately for America.
No accounts had been received at Malaga or Gibraltar, of any hostile disposition having been recently discovered on the part of Tunis, or any other Barbary powers, against this country.
NEW-YORK, Oct. 31.
The British Packet Lady Arrabella , arrived yesterday from Falmouth. The Packet failed on the 12th ult. The ship Hamilton , from Bordeaux for New-York, arrived at Halifax 15 days since for adjudication. The frigate Cambrian had just failed on a cruise. We received by her a Halifax paper of the 17th inst. which says, "On Saturday arrived his majesty's ship Ville de Milan , capt. Lawrie, under jury-masts, having been disabled on the 28th Aug. Sept. 23, in lat. 29, long. 69, in a heavy gale, lost the main and foremast, and 5 seamen."
[BY THE BRITISH PACKET, AT NEW YORK.]
LONDON, Sept. 9.
The breaking up of the camp at Bologne is fully confirmed by the crew of one of the enemy's gun-boats captured and sent into the Downs on Thursday. Early in the morning of that day several columns of the army struck their tents, and were marching away; and the day before, the whole of the army that was on board the Boulogne flotilla, were suddenly disembarked, with their artillery, &c. and immediately began their march into the interior of the country.
Lord Nelson has taken leave of the Admiralty, and will sail from Plymouth immediately. He is to have the command at Cadiz Bay, and the Mediterranean, with full powers. He will take with him from port the Victory , Ajax , Defiance , and Agamemnon , and the frigate Euryalus .
Lord Nelson's new appointment is, in some degree, unlimited; he is to act on emergencies according to the best of his judgment. In certain operations he is to have the selection and appointment of his favorite officers.
Several regiments are under orders for immediate embarkation; and vessels are taken up to transport them to the destination.
British National Debt. —An account shewing what has been redeemed of the national debt, the land-tax, and imperial loan, to the 1st of August, 1805:—
  Redeemed by annual mil- 1. 55,499,070 0 0   Ditto by 1 per cent. per ann.   on loans 41,967,505 0 0   Ditto by land-tax 22,094,395 0 0   Ditto by 1 per cent. per ann.   on imperial loan 595,767 0 0   Total 120,156,737 0 0 
The sum to be expended in the ensuing quarter is 1,831,606 6 4
Extract of a letter from Cadiz, dated September 10.
"The combined fleet of 36 sail of the line are safe in this port—till a few British ships keep up the blockade."
NEW-YORK, November 1.
An arrival at Boston from Halifax, brings papers from that place to the 12th instant, containing London dates to the 9th September. The following are the only articles extracted:
Letters from Lisbon state, that the French frigate Topaze , of 44 guns (one of those which destroyed the Blanche ) has been captured by the Raisonable , of 64 guns, capt. Rowley, and sent into Lisbon.
Sept. 9. Nine sail of the East-India fleet have arrived safe. The remainder were parted with about a week since, and are momentarily expected.
The Rochefort squadron returned to that port the 1st September; after a short cruise.
The King has been pleased to appoint the Duke of York, to be Colonel of the 1st regt. of Foot Guards; in the room of the Duke of
Gloucester deceased. The Duke of Cambridge (8th son of his majesty) to Colonel of the Coldstream regiment of foot guards in the room of the Duke of York; and the Duke of Kent (4th son of his majesty) to Field Marshal of the forces.
It is reported, that the Emperor of Germany in case of war,—now inevitable—will take the field in person:—He will be accompanied by his brothers the Archduke Charles, and the Archduke John. The celebrated Gen. Mack, will also have an important command. Opposed to these will be the Fren. Emperor in person; assisted by Bernadotte, Augereau, Massena, &c. but he will want a Mortu.
The visit of Bonaparte to the coast was for the purpose of sending off 18 troops towards Germany.
The language of Germany though rather inconsistent with her conduct, is still excusable. She knows the potency of France; and though she finds war unavoidable, she is not willing to commence hostilities until it has a Russian army at her elbow.
It is somewhat remarkable, that the Paris papers, which a few days since chimed in musically on the prospects of peace; on the pacific disposition of the Emperor of Germany; and the good understanding subsisting between the two nations, should all at once change their tone; and are now altogether warlike. Nothing is now heard but the din of warlike preparation from Germany; as though there were a pretext wanting for some bold stroke which the Emperor Napoleon contemplates striking.
We stated yesterday that orders had been received by the 5th, 42d, 43d, 52d, and 95th regiments, and the 4th and 6th Inniskillen dragoons, to prepare for embarkation for foreign service, similar orders from the war office were also received on Tuesday last at the head-quarters in Canterbury, from the Secretary at War, by the several under mentioned regiments; kings dragoon guards; 4th dragoon guards; 5th, 10th, 13th, 21st, light dragoons; 42d, 52d, and 95th; two brigades of foot guards; a detachment of the royal wagon train; all the first battalions of the line; a large party of artillery.
The first battalion of the Col. stream, and the first battalion of the third regiment of guards, now lying at Deal, are ordered to hold themselves in readiness for embarkation. The officers belonging to the battalions who were employed on the recruiting service, are ordered to join them immediately.
In this enumeration, we find materials for an expedition upon a very extensive scale. Combining it with the breaking up of the camp at Boulogne, we may presume that some great military enterprise is at hand. The presumptuous, therefore, is, that hostilities will immediately commence upon the continent. In that event, the expedition now preparing in England, whatever be its immediate object, will operate as a powerful diversion in favour of our continental allies. The invader will become the invaded, and all the boast and menace of the Corsican will only recoil in disgrace upon his own head. The particular enterprise in contemplation of the English government, we cannot be expected to know; nor, if knowing, to reveal. There are many points between the Texel and the Gulph of Genoa, in which an English army may gather new laurels, and contribute its generous aid to the deliverance of Europe.
FROM FRANCE.
By an arrival at Portland, from Bordeaux, French accounts are received as late as the 13th Sept. They however, but briefly state, that it was the general opinion in France, that War between that country and Austria would be declared in the course of a few days; and that in consequence of this expectation a great stagnation of business prevailed throughout all the maritime ports.
Domestic Intelligence.
Extract of a letter from an American Gentleman of intelligence and respectability at Cadiz.
I can from my own knowledge vouch for the truth of the inclosed memorial, and I think it should be taken up in such a public manner by all the merchants in the United States, as should convince the Government that their interests in the instance complained of is most seriously neglected.
THE MEMORIAL.
Recommendation to the merchants of the United States, trading to the Mediterranean.
WHEREAS the trade of the United States to the Mediterranean, is one of the most valuable of the said States, and has been during the last, and more particularly during the present war, much molested by an infamous set of privateers fitted out in the Ports of Spain, whose general rendezvous has been and continues to be the Port of Algeciras, before which port every vessel bound to the Mediterranean must necessarily pass, and whereas it appears there is no Consul or Agent for the United States, nor has there been for several years past at Algeciras, except a Spaniard nominated by Mr. John Gavino of Gibraltar (within a few weeks) and that the said port being within the jurisdiction of the Consul of Cadiz, which office is held by a Spaniard now residing at Madrid, and who has not resided for many years past within 50 miles of his Consulate, and that the interest and honour of the United States and its Citizens are totally neglected and its vessels are daily captured and carried into the ports of Algeciras, and the Captains or Seamen there engaged either to sign papers in a foreign language which in many instances are made the grounds of their condemnation, or obliged to enter into compromises equally injurious both to the honour of the United States and the interests of the citizens, and whereas J. Izarny, Consul General of the United States at Cadiz and its dependencies, has been applied to, to appoint a Vice Consul at Algeciras, and he has either been unwilling to do so, or has been unable to get any person to serve under him, alleging that no person would consent to remain there without a fixed salary, which the Government have refused to allow to any Consul or Vice Consul, and whereas from the above stated facts, it clearly appears, that the interests of the United States and its citizens are totally abandoned to the mercy of a set of privateersmen, & that immense sums have been lost and continue daily to be brought in and condemned.
It is, therefore, strongly recommended to the citizens of the U. States, engaged in the trade to the Mediterranean to call a meeting in the different Sea ports & present a petition to Congress, claiming that protection which they conceive themselves & their property entitled to; & requesting that a respectable citizen of the U. States may be appointed to the office of Consul General of Cadiz and its dependencies with an obligation of his residing at his post, and in case of no Citizen being willing from the local situation of Algeciras to remain there without a salary, that a salary may be allowed to the Vice Consul residing at the port of Algeciras.
CADIZ, Aug. 15, 1805.
COMMERCIAL.
Extract of a letter from Mr. Williams, dated London, August 23, to a gentleman in Newburyport.
"I am sorry to acquaint you that the captors have libelled the Huntress and cargo. I have given a claim for the whole, and the vessel and such parts of the cargo as were brought in the United States by the shippers, must be acquitted. What will be the fate of the goods (if any) imported from the enemy's colony by the shippers, is not known. No case of that description having been decided. The government has not yet given a final answer to Mr. Monroe's remonstrance against the late captures. The court of admiralty will sit in about four weeks."
A letter from Mr. Barnard, supercargo of the ship Indus , to his friend in Boston, dated Halifax, Oct. 12, says—"Our ship was brought to trial on the 9th inst. when after hearing every thing against, and nothing for me, the judge decreed for the captors, though he admitted the property to belong to citizens of the U. States; but said, that it was the intention of the owners to send the same to Europe, after it had been lauded, and for that reason he was under the necessity of condemning it. As respects Capt. Myrick and myself, he condemned our property, because we had so much! He could consider us in no other light than merchants, though it had been formerly the practice to restore the private adventures. You must naturally suppose we do not feel in the best spirits, after losing our all."
The ship Portland , formerly of Boston, capt. Mellin, is said to have been cut off at the Friendly Islands, in the Pacific Ocean. The accident is supposed to have happened about 18 months since. The Portland left Batavia nearly three years ago, when the Dutch Government, having claims on the ship, wished to detain her. Capt. Mellin proceeded to the Isle of France, the Cape of Good Hope, and then passed round Cape Horn, & touched at the Friendly Islands. Upon the boats landing, the natives suddenly seized her with the crew, and then got possession of the ship. It is said that no person on board was spared by the natives, save a Malay woman, who was seen on the islands by a ship which failed from Manila under American colours. This ship lost her boat's crew here, and came near being captured by the islanders who made a desperate attempt against her. The account of the loss of the Portland is given on the authority of the Malay woman. Vessels touching at any of the islands in the great Southern Ocean, ought to be always on their guard against the designs of the natives.
Salem Register.
CHARLESTON, Oct. 24.
CHARLES PINCKNEY, Esq. was elected on Tuesday last, a Member of the House of Representatives of this state, for the parish of Chirillo Church, in the room of the late Arnold Wells, Esq.
RALEIGH, (N. C.) Nov. 4.
We learn that General Steele has accepted of the Governor's appointment as one of the commissioners for adjusting our boundary line with S. Carolina; and that the Commissioners were to meet at Lancaster Court-House in that State, on Monday last, agreeable to appointment. A report on this subject will probably be made early in the ensuing session of the General Assembly, as Gen. Welborn and Col. Moore may be expected to attend their duty as Legislators at the opening of the session.
Register.
WASHINGTON, November 4.
Lieutenant James Buttle of the city of Philadelphia, late a prisoner in Tripoli, has been appointed to the command of gun boat, No. 1.
NEW-YORK, October 31.
Yesterday arrived at this port the U. S. brig Hornet , Isaac Chauncy, esq. commander, in 48 hours from Hampton Roads. The Hornet is a beautiful new vessel, burthen nearly 500 tons, mounts 18 nines, but is to carry 18 forty eight pound carronades, and is, it is said, the fastest sailer in our navy. Captain Chauncy spoke the frigate Cambrian off the Hook.
N. Y. Paper.
The British frigate Cambrian , captain Beresford , has again arrived off Sandy Hook from Halifax, and re-commenced the examination of inward bound vessels.
Captain Delano , of the ship Perseverance , of Boston, accompanied by a schr. was at Bass's Straits, New Holland in November last, and had taken about 60,000 seal skins. The schr. had been at Botany Bay, and gone back to the ship. It is said that captain Delano afterwards proceeded to some other islands in search of seal skins.
Died, in Sidmouth, (Eng.) Dr. JAMES CURRIE , late of Liverpool, physician and F. R. S.—An author, scholar, and practitioner, of great eminence.
LEGISLATURE OF NEW-JERSEY.
TRENTON, October 22, 1805.
COMMUNICATION FROM THE GOVERNOR.
Gentlemen of the Legislature,
I have the honour to lay before you communications from the governor of North-Carolina and Massachusetts , with resolutions of the legislatures of these states, proposing, "an amendment of the federal constitution, so as to authorise and empower the congress of the U. States, to pass a law, whenever they may deem it expedient, to prevent the further importation of slaves from any of the West-India islands, from the coast of Africa, or elsewhere, into the United States or any part thereof." Also, a letter from the governor of Kentucky with certain resolutions of the legislature of the state of Kentucky , proposing, "such an amendment to the constitution of the United States, as will confine the judiciary power of the courts of the United States, to cases in law and equity, arising under the constitution and laws of the U. States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority; cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls; cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more states."—And also, resolutions of the legislature of Pennsylvania approving of the said proposed amendment by the legislature of Kentucky and uniting in requesting the concurrence and co-operation of the legislature of the state of New-Jersey , to procure the said amendment respecting the judiciary power of the courts of the United States.
Two hundred and fifty shares of stock in the Newark turnpike company , were fabricated in behalf of this state, and the monies appropriated, drawn from the treasury conformable to the directions of the acts passed for this purpose by the last legislature.
The right of this state in the Newark Banking and Insurance Company , has been transferred for one thousand five hundred & thirty dollars advance; and after the deduction of advertising in the eight newspapers in this state and in one of the newspapers of New-York , the balance, one thousand four hundred and eighty-two dollars, has been paid to the treasurer of this state.
A copy of the laws and three copies of the journals of Senate and of the house of representatives, of the second session of the eighth congress; six octavo volumes of the late revised laws of Pennsylvania , and a copy of the late acts of the legislatures of Connecticut and North-Carolina , have been received and are deposited in your library.
Although there is no provision by law for annual returns of the militia, to be made to the legislature; yet, I take the liberty to submit to you inspection and consideration, a general return of the militia of New-Jersey , made to me by adjutant general Hunt , for the current year, by which it is presumed, you will be convinced of the necessity of some amendments being made, in the present militia laws of this state.
JOSEPH BOSTON, Nov. 1, 1805. JOSEPH BLOOMFIELD.
LEGISLATURE OF VERMONT.
AARON LEMAN, Speaker.
DAVID WING, jun. Secretary of State.
MARTIN POST, Clerk.
THOMAS TOLMAN, Engrossing Clerk.
REV. JOHN FITCH, Chaplain.
On the 12th October, the governor and council met the honourable house, when his Excellency delivered the following SPEECH:
Gentlemen of the Council, and
Gentlemen of the House of Representatives,
IT gives me great satisfaction to meet the Representatives of the people, and concur with them in fulfilling the Legislative duties, and discharging the important trusts, which our Constituent have assigned to us; and this satisfaction is not a little heightened by contemplating on the general happiness and prosperity of our nation and government. While the fairest part of Europe continues to be the scene of "dreadful preparation" for war, and is menaced on all sides with those miseries which flow from that greatest of all human calamities; we are pursuing with peaceful industry, those objects which constitute the strength, security, and glory of a wise and free people. Agriculture flourishes, and a genial soil and climate reward with abundance, the labours of that useful and respectable class of our fellow-citizens, the farmer and husbandman. The increase of commerce enhances the value of productive labour, and the produce of the land. Manufactures daily improve; and the United States presents to the world, a fair specimen of the fruits of a mild and free government.
It cannot but add to our joy, that the measures adopted by our General Government, for chastising the insolence, and repelling the injustice, of the infidels of one of the Barbary states, have been attended with success. By the blessing of Divine Providence, on the good conduct of our forces in the Mediterranean, seconded by the enterprise, talents, and heroism of Gen. EATON , our citizens have been released from captivity; Tripoli is humbled, and those barbarians who have extorted an unwilling tribute from the most potent monarchs in Europe, taught that America is no less irresistible in arms, than just and conciliatory in peace.
The business that will engage your attention, the present session, relates principally to the internal affairs of the state; the election of the civil officers of government; the necessary alterations of existing laws and ordinances; the encouragement of schools and other seminaries of learning; the improvement of our militia establishment; and whatever can promote the interests of agriculture, manufactures, public and private tranquility and happiness.
The selection of those officers, on whose judgment, virtue and impartiality, all that has relation to life, liberty, & property, may depend, is a weighty and serious transaction. Instead of being a matter of intrigue, party, or selfish policy, it ought to be conducted with all the calmness of wisdom, and disinterestedness of virtue. You will, I have no doubt, meet this part of your duty, with a fixed purpose of regarding only the public good, and promoting the honour and welfare of the state.
Of the laws now in force, that may require amendment, I particularly invite your attention to that which authorises the Supreme court to grant Bills of Divorce . One of the necessary qualities and conditions that constitute a good law, is, that it be adequate to its end, and shall prevent the evil against which it is directed. As the existing law on the subject of Divorce , dissolves the bonds of matrimony, on the real or implied criminality of either party, it is justly to be apprehended, indeed, experience has proved the fact, that it includes a temptation to commit the offence, for the sake of the separation. Marriage being, of all human institutions, that, in which society is most interested, I have no doubt the Legislature will give it an attention commensurate with its moral and political consequence; and duly consider that as families are the elementary forms of society, their distinct connection ought not to be dissolved on slight grounds, nor the dispute furnished with an opportunity to free himself from restraint, by the commission of a crime.
The business, particularly entrusted to me, by the Legislature, at their last session, relative to the boundary line, between this state and the Province of

labours to repress that impious and immoral traffic. It cannot be too often repeated, that union and moderation are the principal constituents of national safety and happiness. Although you may have left in your respective towns, many individuals, heated with political zeal; and in the eagerness of emulation, contending merely for pre-eminence, I trust this deliberative body will be influenced by a candid, tolerant spirit, which will justly command the affection of the wife and good, and the approbation of your constituents. In every attempt, of this kind, I shall be happy to co-operate with you, and as far as in me lies, render that assistance which the Constitution has made part of my official duty. ISAAC TICHENOR.
Disceplann. FROM A LATE LONDON PAPER. Theatricals. —It is said to be the intention of some theatrical cognoscenti to form an association for the encouragement of infant performers! On Wednesday the 17th ult. Miss Fisher, the Young Roscius, appeared at Gloucester, in the character of Richard III. where her performance, it is said, "drew down the most unbounded plaudits from a very crowded audience." The versatility of this young female's talents is represented to be such as to surpass the bounds of probability, and to approach very near the verge of impossibility. The part of Cowlip, which she sustained in the farce on the above evening, with the greatest éclat, she stated "never to have been seen till 3 o'clock that afternoon, and that it was learned, without assistance, during her ride from Cheltenham to Gloucester." We offer no remarks on this assertion—it certainly appears truly marvellous; but whatever may be her talents, or those of her contemporary rivals, we are inclined to think the versatility of John Bull's disposition surpasses them, nor can we account for it on any other principle than a most inordinate thirst after children's play!
Master Betty, the Young Roscius I. was engaged at Wolverhampton and Worcester for 1000 guineas, for which he was to play at both theatres 14 or 16 nights: The largest of these theatres will not hold 900. The prices were advanced, boxes 8s. 6s. 4s. 2s.—The public voice was expressed so loudly against this shameful advance, that Master Betty's father, with his wonted liberality, reduced the terms of his son's engagement to the moderate sum of 500 guineas per night!—The prices were then reduced to 6s. 4s. and 2s. The audiences have been geniel—a word of very emphatic import, and generally used as a complimentary substitute for—crowded. It is extraordinary, that thousands and tens of thousands have been lavished, to reward—what?—the tricks of an ephemeral puppet.
At Lancaster Theatre, where Master Betty performed once, a few evenings ago, the receipt was 126l. although the price of admission to the boxes was only raised from 8s. to 7s. 6d.—At Lancaster and Newcastle the Church bells were set a ringing on his arrival!!! Another little Roscius, more juvenile than Betty, is to appear at Margate. A girl too, of the same age, is to grace the boards at the same time, and they are both to sustain the highest characters. What will the stage come to? This may well be called the Childish Age of the Drama. Surely when Badely bequeathed a Plumb-cake to the actors of Drury-lane Theatre, he foresaw that the Stage would one day or other be occupied by children, who would contend for sweetmeats as others do for salaries .
Miss Mudie, an infant of seven years of age, who has lately astonished the natives of Ireland, made her first appearance at Birmingham, on Wednesday last night, in the Widow Cheeky , and was most rapturously applauded!! Master Tokely, a child who has been accustomed to perform trifling parts at Drury-lane Theatre, has been brought forward at Richmond by Mrs. Jordan, and promises eminence among the little Rosciis!
A Sunday paper says, "We are informed, an engagement is made by the Managers of Drury-lane Theatre with a youth from Philadelphia, named Fins, for the ensuing season, at a salary of 25l. a week & a clear benefit. This young gentleman, who is not 16 years of age, has, we hear, played Hamlet, Richard, &c. with much success!!—If this be true, where is such folly to end?
There will be such a scramble for the principal tragic parts among the children engaged at the winter theatres that they must resort to the appropriate expedient of drawing King and Queen.
LIGHT ARTICLES. The French Government may boast of the success of the Combined Fleet in their late expedition, since it cannot be denied that they gained possession of the largest Diamond ever known. It is a maxim in physics that one fire expels another. For if the same maxim obtain in politics , it may account for the increased activity of the enemy for the invasion of this country, in the hope that they might thereby prevent the invasion of their own.
BON MOT. —The dashing lord R. (well known at Brooke's) entering a room the other day where the witty lady M. was playing the fashionable musical piece, " The Quarrel ," observed, that quarrels were bad things to practise ; "but I perceive, Madam, you are only in play ;" "True, my Lord, replied Lady M.—"and there is this difference between my play and the play which you practise —mine produces harmony , and your's discord ."
GRAND ROW. —A terrible row took place at the Stand this afternoon, in consequence of a dispute between Mr. Flint, who rode against Mrs. Thornton last year, and Col. Thornton, respecting 1000l. Mr. Flint posted the Colonel on Thursday, and the Colonel recriminated yesterday. This day Mr. Flint came to the Stand with a New Horsewhip , which he applied to the Colonel's shoulders with great activity in the presence of a crowd of ladies.
He was arrested by order of the Lord Mayor and several magistrates, who were present, and given into custody of the city Runners, until he can find bail, himself in 1000l. and two sureties in 500l. each. Col. Thornton is also bound over to prosecute the party for the assault.
AMUSING INVENTION. —The chef-d'œuvre of mechanics in the nickel-nack way, is a carriage made by Charles Etienne Louis Camus, Mechanic in Ordinary to Louis XV. and Author of a work entitled " Elements de Mécanique ." The following is a description given by himself, of this little vehicle: "The space intended for this carriage to run, was the table of the Countess of Versailles. It was placed at the end opposite to where the arm-chair of the King stood. In an instant the carriage set off of itself; the horses moved their limbs, raised them and walked forward, like other horses. Arrived at the other extremity of the table, the coachman who held the reins, drew them to as if to make them turn. The carriage proceeded thus the length of the table a second time; but in turning round, the coachman passed between the écusson of the King and the paper which was on the table; He found the spot precisely opposite His Majesty, and then stopped. Immediately the footman, who was behind the carriage, leaped off; a page, dressed in hussard , alighted—ran to the door, and opened it; a lady descended from the carriage, advanced towards the king, made him a profound reverence, and presented a petition, equally natural and graceful. She waited just long enough for an answer; during which interval the little page played with the door, which he opened and shut alternately—afterwards the lady, making a second reverence to the King, ascended her carriage, seating herself on that side from which she could see His Majesty. The hussard shut the door, remounted his steed, and seated himself as before: the coachman gave a stroke of a whip to the horses. The lacquey, who had not yet mounted, ran after the carriage, and leaped behind with much activity. The horses turned a third time round the corner of the table, again made a tour, still guided by the coachman, who whipped them from time to time. At last the carriage stopped of itself, in the same spot from which it set out, as if it was about to enter, the coach-house after having finished its journey. Lord. pap."
The Enquirer.
RICHMOND, 8th NOVEMBER.
The editor of the United States Gazette, of Philadelphia, (a federal print) assures us, "from an undoubted source, that Mr. Monroe has actually expressed to our government an opinion, that we ought to proceed to an immediate declaration of war against Spain."
The Alexandria Expositor, of Nov. 1st, states that "the reports in Washington city confirm" the reports which we have had were afloat in this city, that "the Spanish minister, having determined to leave the U. S. had demanded his passports from our government."
The Election of Pennsylvania, whilst it has given rise to many well-founded apprehensions of danger, has led to many reports, which have not the least foundation. "We hear much here (says our well-informed correspondent in Baltimore) of a THIRD PARTY, to be formed of HONEST men from all the states. Some eminent Virginians are mentioned to be of the new Junta: M c Kinley, Callahan, &c. with Bayard, Dayton, &c. and the oil and vinegar junction is to be made up to crush Duane and a few injudicious, hot-headed Irishmen!"
This is a favourite idea even with some men among ourselves, but it is one which rather springs from their hopes than their convictions. The "Union of Honest Men," has become the chorus of many a federal ditty in the two most active newspapers in Virginia. Provided they can ascend to the summit of their wishes, they appear indeed to have very little squeamishness as to the means used for their elevation. If every republican should turn an apostate or a Burr, they have no objection to receiving him as a brother. We must, however, pay them the compliment of observing, that tho' the "union of honest men" is their favourite object, they hold forth rather a more respectable motive than the crushing of a newspaper printer, or a "few hot-headed Irishmen."
The condition of Virginia is far less auspicious to disunion and division among the republicans, and a coincidence and union with the federalists, than the state of Pennsylvania has been. Our constitution is the theme of our warmest approbation, and except one or two unimportant features which we should be willing to amend, we would not exchange it for any other in the union. Our governor is a respectable but an ineffective officer. We have none of those general elections by the people, which are calculated to bring every man in the state at the same time into collision and difference. Our population is uniform, without any of those distinctions of clans and tribes which produce a diversity of interests. Irishmen have found their way among us, who possess all the free spirit of their countrymen; but their numbers or their influence are not calculated to create the slightest shadow of an alarm. As to our editors, we have none among us, who has assumed such an authoritative air, as the editor of the Aurora. Yet it would be presumptuous in us to hope, that the republicans shall always enjoy this enviable harmony of sentiment. There must be shades of difference in their opinions on questions that relate to the theory or administration of the government; but when the previous points of coincidence are so many and close, these little contrarieties, if they are managed with moderation, will vanish without producing a division. There may be trimmings and softenings down, and a censurable spirit of moderation among some of the republicans who live in our towns, but the great body of the Yeomanry are placed beyond the means of corruption and change. Years will pass away before the great majority of the Virginians shall break down their compact republican phalanx: and let not the republicans of the other states indulge the gloomy anticipation; let not the federalists "lay the flattering unction to their souls," that this favourite idea of an "union among the honest men" will ever find a foothold here. Virginia has never yet been the friend of federalism, nor will she be. Should every other part of the union desert its republican principles, we do not hesitate to say, that there is a "redeeming spirit" in the manners of her people, which shall preserve one state at least free from corruption.
COMMUNICATION.
At a time, when there is so little foreign intelligence, and so few questions of a domestic nature, to engage the attention of your readers, it may not be altogether uninteresting to lay before them an entertainment of a very different relish. The subject to which I wish to invite their consideration, may seem to be a visionary one; but the very novelty of the ideas may clothe them with attraction. Man is not so much taken up with the present scene of things, as not to wish for something that is better and beyond him: The same ardour of imagination, and the same desire for enjoyment which led the Pagan to seek for an Elysium in another form of existence, have induced man to imagine a happiness in this world more precious than what he enjoys. An Elysium upon earth; a form of society in which we shall shake off most of the failings and miseries incident to humanity, has not only been the favorite theme of the poets; but has engaged the serious attention of the most unimpassioned philosophers. All men must regret the indulgence of such visionary specula-
tions, when they serve to make us discontented with the present order of things: none but must approve of them, when they teach us the means of removing our present misfortunes. These speculative systems are of three kinds: Those that taking men as we generally find them, with all their selfish and malevolent passions about them, have aimed not so much to extirpate the vices of man, as to invent new expedients for controlling their effects: And such as looking forward to a more perfect state of moral excellence, have gone on to portray that state of society, which is most auspicious to the possession and duration of happiness. Mr. Hume's "Idea of a perfect commonwealth" may be cited as an example of the first, and More's "Utopia," of the last. In the "political justice" of Mr. Godwin, he seems to have embraced both these opposite systems. Whilst with a bold pencil, he sketches out a view of the present evils of society and represents the future destiny of men in the most captivating colours, he lays open some of the successive changes through which they are to pass, and some of the means, which must be used for their attainment.
The essays of Hume, and the work of Godwin are almost in every book store; but the Utopia of Sir Thomas More, is a rare as well as a curious production. You will therefore permit me to submit the following imperfect abstract of it to the attention of your readers. Of the author himself it is scarcely necessary for me to speak. His history is written in the political records of England. He was one of the greatest and the best men that ever "lived in the tide of times." He had talents sufficient to make him Lord Chancellor of England, and virtue enough to provoke the jealousy and cruelty of a tyrant. He flourished, and was beheaded under Henry VIII.
ABSTRACT OF MORE'S UTOPIA, WITH A CRITICISM ON IT.
IN the Utopia, More seems to have delineated that form of society which he thinks most conducive to the happiness of man. The form which he has recommended is characterised by great simplicity. The government, laws, religion, commerce, mechanical trades, and agriculture, are conducted upon principles which every Utopian must comprehend.
The great principle which the author seems anxious to recommend, is the community of goods; to facilitate the production and distribution of which the island is divided into 54 townships. Every year, 20 families are sent from each town into the country, where they remain two years: The first year they are employed in learning the practical operations of husbandry: The second, in teaching them to others that are to succeed them. The consequence of this provision is, that every man who cultivates the soil is better qualified for the adequate discharge of his duty. When the fruits and grains of the earth have been once gathered by the husbandman, as much of them is reserved (by the magistrates) for the cultivators of the earth, as will suffice for their consumption. The rest is sent to the town where it is deposited in proper magazines. The manufactures too, which are produced by the townsmen, are deposited in other magazines near them. There is one of each of these magazines, in each of the four quarters, into which all their towns are divided. From these magazines, every individual may take what he wants. As it is customary for 30 families to meet in one hall, where they eat together, and as their manufactures are few and simple, (every man wearing the same apparel) it is to be presumed that no individual will take so much from them as will injure the accommodation of the rest. It may perhaps be demanded, "what security have the Utopians that each individual will discharge his due proportion of labour, when he discovers that his subsistence is independent of his exertion?"
This circumstance is provided for by the superintendence of their magistrates, who have the power to force them to labour and to punish them, if they are refractory. The magistrates, who perform this office, are called Syphogrants. Every 30 families annually appoint one Syphogrants. For every ten Syphogrants, there is annually appointed one Tranibor. It is the office of this Tranibor to superintend the 10 Syphogrants, and to assist every third day, the deliberations of the senate on the affairs of the whole nation, or of individuals. The Senate is composed of 3 members from each town, who are elected annually. The Prince is elected by the Syphogrants; it is his office to preside in the senate, and to see that the laws are executed.
The community of goods which prevails among them, is still farther supported by the coarseness and simplicity of their manufactures. Where all men wear the same coarse clothing, and possess the same coarse furniture and lodging, no man can be prompted by pride, to monopolize the good things of the world, and thus interfere with the interests of his neighbour. The labour, which each individual devotes to these manufactures, does not exceed 6 hours a day. One other consequence of this simplicity of living which they have established, is, that their community of goods cannot be injured by the effects of a foreign commerce: Having everything within their own country, which they consider necessary to their happiness, they have no inducement to export the surplus part of their commodities, to be exchanged for the luxuries of other countries. These Luxuries cannot consequently create a desire to obtain and enjoy them, and cannot therefore throw any interruption in the way of that community of goods which prevails among them. In place of these luxuries, their surplus produce is exchanged for gold and silver. Part of this gold and silver is lent to the neighbouring nations. Part is carried to Utopia. As they have no use for coin, and as the beauty and brilliancy of these metals might possibly create a luxurious disposition among the people if they were converted into ornaments of any sort, as jewels, or plate, they preserve them in those forms where they are most loathsome and contemptible: Urinary vessels, chains for their slaves, and rings for their children. When the Utopians find it necessary to engage in a war against a foreign nation, they collect the money which is due to them by other countries, and coin what ever gold and silver they have among them into money, and hire foreign mercenaries to conduct it for them. Such is the only use to which they appropriate their gold and silver, furnished by their foreign commerce. In the remaining regulations, which More attributes to the Utopians, great regard is paid to the interests and independence of each individual. These regulations relate either to their laws, to matrimony, or to religion.
Few laws exist among them. The simple structure of their society, the destruction of all property (so called), the non-existence of privileged orders and other causes, conspire to diminish the number of those objects to which the law extends in other countries. One obvious advantage of this, is that no lawyers exist in Utopia, and every man is able to assert his own claims to justice. The punishment in Utopia, is slavery and in some cases death.
Matrimony is conducted in an apparently ridiculous manner; the bride and bridegroom are shown naked to each other, before the match is concluded. "If you buy a horse, say
they, you always examine every part of him; all his trappings are taken off, that no part may escape your examination. How much nicer ought your enquiry to be, when you are about to select the companion of your life; a being, whom it is necessary for you to know completely, since personal beauty is so much valued, and since a hidden defect, an ulcer, or a deformed limb may render her for ever hateful and contemptible." Divorces are never granted but with the permission of the prince. Adultery is punished with slavery.
CRITIQUE.
Such is the picture, which More has drawn of Utopia, or the "happy republic." This picture contains many admirable traits, which are well worthy the attention of the philosopher. Their simplicity of life, the popular election of their officers, the small number of their laws, their care in forming matrimonial connexions, and their religious toleration, seem to be points, in which they excel the institutions of Europe.
But there are also objections to this system, which a philosopher might be disposed to urge. These objections may thus be arranged. Every man, who suggests a system of affairs which he thinks most auspicious to human happiness, should in the first place, be anxious to introduce every custom and institution, which from the nature of man is calculated to promote the greatest happiness, and to omit every custom and institution, which may produce misery: and in the 2nd place, to point out those instruments, which may lead to the consummation of his system; which may introduce the good, and destroy the evil. On the last point he has been completely silent. He has not delineated the mode, in which it is to be hoped, that men will be metamorphosed into Utopians. He has neither enlarged on the power of the press, on the gradual diffusion of knowledge through society, on the power of education, or on the power of a government enlightened by these agents, to introduce this new form of social order. So far then as the speculations of More extend, we must regard his Utopia as perhaps a brilliant but impracticable theory; as developing a series of affairs, auspicious indeed but delusive; more fitted for the mighty powers and virtues of an angel, than the limited powers of man: filling us rather with useless regret, that this auspicious state is beyond our reach, than pointing out the mode, in which it is to be realised.
On the first point, he has been more successful. Many pernicious customs and institutions, which exist in other countries, are not to be found in Utopia. Despotism with its subordinate agents, its military, diplomatic, and legal officers, superstition with its legalised ministers, luxury with all its softening arts, and labour with its excessive toil, have no existence among his favourite people. On the contrary, the prince is chosen by the people and may be deposed by them, at the same time that his power is confined by the structure of their society to very few objects. Religion is simple in its principles, tolerant in its practices, and requires but few ministers. Luxury is prevented by the simplicity of their manufactures, and the equal participation of those, which they produce. Labour is easy, since no man is obliged to work more than 6 hours a day, & every man is obliged to labour that time, or be otherwise usefully employed. But notwithstanding the superiority in these respects, which the Utopians may claim over other nations, it may well be questioned, whether their situation is that which is conducive to the most perfect happiness of which human beings are susceptible. They have many customs and institutions among them which the philanthropist will regard with a jealous attention: And they want many, which he will consider as necessary to happiness. Among the institutions which are reprehensible among them, are perhaps (the favourite principle) the community of goods, the existence of slavery, of government, and above all the supporting of all their institutions by and conforming almost all their actions to, coercive regulations.
1st. The present inequality of property, which prevails among us is doubtless much to be regretted. But the remedy seems not to be the introduction of a community of goods. The true remedy consists in enlightening every man as to the true system of morality, and in awakening his sympathetic affections; so that from the force of habit, every man may be inclined to deduce his own happiness in a considerable degree from conferring happiness upon his neighbour. More's system would on the contrary compel every individual to throw his labour into a common flock, and thus promote the happiness of his neighbour, without the highest sympathy, or without the slightest perception of his true interests. Another consequence of this exercise of force, is, that where the force does not exist the labour will not be performed. Most individuals will consequently attempt to elude the force in order to elude the labour. A third consequence of this community of goods, is, that as every citizen is supported, whether he labours or not, each one may take from the common flock more than his share; and thus reduce some of the rest to famine; and this effect is not to be remedied by the supposed super-abundance of their goods, and by the absence of luxuries. This super-abundance cannot exist, unless each individual exerts his labour or skill; and this they will not do, (as has been already intimated) but by the assistance of punishments, which would disgrace the code of Nero or Domitian. And as to the absence of luxuries, next to the impossibility of defining their nature, will be the impossibility of preventing their introduction. Besides, true philosophy has never yet shown, how far the existence of luxuries may not be compatible, with the enjoyment of the greatest quantity of happiness. It is perhaps impossible to calculate the improvement, which the sciences have received from those arts, which conduce to luxury and consequently the addition, which they have made to human happiness. These circumstances render the utility of a community of goods, at least a very doubtful problem.
2dly. A state of slavery is a state of misery. Therefore it is certainly incompatible, with the most perfect form of society.
3dly. The utility of government is a very problematical position; and it will not be speculating too chimerically to suppose, that if it be possible to establish a community of goods, it may be possible to live without a government.
4thly. This objection is probably the most weighty. Such a form of society could not continue long, positive is supported, not by a perception of its utility, but by positive institution. Besides an accurate philosophy seems lately to have established that the true dignity and happiness of man consists in the exercise of his private judgment. But in Utopia, every thing is performed by certain regulations. The exercise of private judgment could not consequently have been more completely superfluous.
Among those institutions, which the Utopians seem to want, and which true philosophy has established as necessary to the enjoyment of the greatest quantity of happiness, are those, which operate on the mind. The various sciences, seem there to have been in a very imperfect state, and few individuals seem to have been privileged to enjoy them. How admirably might More have employed his Utopians, had he made them devote the great part of their immense leisure time, to the improvement of their minds and the discovery of truth. Instead of these pursuits, their moments of relaxation seem to have been filled up with one uniform routine of frivolous amusements, and tedious conversation. These objections, if they were strikingly exhibited and carried farther, would perhaps demonstrate that the Utopia is but an imperfect performance. On the whole, More seems to have delivered well of mankind, rather by an attempt to turn their attention from their present to other models of society and thus create some enquiry as to the value of our present
institutions, than by the actual exhibition of any practicable or perfect plan. The word Utopia is derived from two Greek words: eu , well or happy, and topos place.
ON YAZOO CLAIMS.
PARAGRAPH, No. II.
"They nevertheless believe that the interest of the U. S. the tranquility of those who may hereafter inhabit the territory, and various equitable considerations, which may be urged in favour of most of the present claimants, render it expedient to enter into a compromise on reasonable terms."
Such is the opinion of the three commissioners of the U. S.: an opinion, which so far as it respects the two first reasons, appears to me to have no solid foundation. Why is the interest of the U. S. to require this compromise? because we presume, the denial of these claims once is not enough to prevent their revival at another time, and the consequent depreciation of the lands, belonging to the U. S. This argument appears then to be the same with the next that follows it; because the same chance of reviving the demand of the present claimants, which depreciates the land of the U. S. would interrupt "the tranquility of those who may hereafter inhabit the territory." But in substance this revival ever to be produced, with any probability of success? Two ways for this purpose are apt to occur to the reflecting mind: Either the present claimants may bring a just claim against Georgia or against the U. S. for the fulfilment of the contract; or by letting the members of some future Congress into a share of their claims, they may dispose them to an admission of a compromise.
The first mode is of no avail, because by the Massachusetts amendment of the federal constitution, neither the general government nor a no doubt would be referred to, and the scene which it is likely to lead to, becomes a most important argument for submitting to a compromise. It is enough that one legislature of Georgia, has been given up to corruption. It would be too much, if the same mischief should be affixing every future Congress, and undermining the very foundations of public virtue.
But is this a calamity, which admits of no remedy? Must we be driven into a compromise with Yazoo Speculators, because the virtue of the Legislature is unable to withstand the temptation? The catastrophe, which is here apprehended, is of itself distant and uncertain; But there is an expedient, which, if we have the energy to adopt it, will release us at once from all such apprehensions: It will do more; it will demolish one of the most specious arguments, which have been taken in favor of a compromise.
When the people of Georgia discovered the corruption of their assembly, they did not confine themselves to legislative provisions; but they expressly put it out of the power of any future assembly to consent to a compromise. And how did they do it? By ingrafting it on their Constitution; By taking it out of the hands of the legislature, and putting it into the hands of the people? by rendering it necessary, that the majority of the people themselves should be in favour of a compromise, because without that majority the amendment to their constitution must for ever remain upon it. Let us now boldly demand, why the same precaution may not be employed by the people of the Union? Why may it not be ingrafted on the federal constitution, that no compromise is ever to be made with Yazoo Speculators? Let the claim be rejected by Congress, or by the President, and then let the legislature of Georgia, come forward with such an amendment to the federal constitution, through the medium of her senators in congress. It may be said indeed that constitutions are designed for general and not partial purposes; for marking out the power of the government and the power of each of its departments, and not for deciding a special claim about land. But in answer it may be said, that there are extraordinary evils which require extraordinary remedies; and the Yazoo Speculation is one of those.
Sales at Auction.
Will positively be sold, at the Eagle Tavern, by Messrs. Granby & Hancock, on Saturday the 9th instant, at 12 o'clock.
ABOUT 200 acres of LAND, in the county of Henrico, only four miles from Richmond, and adjoining the road to Four-Mile-Creek. A particular description of the premises and the terms of sale, will be made known on the day of sale.
Any person wishing to see the Land previous to the sale, will please apply to the Auctioneers. November 1. ept
ALL Persons having demands against the estate of Philip Ludwell Grymes, Esq. late of Brandon, Middlesex county, deceased; are requested to forward them properly authenticated—and those who are indebted to said estate, are desired to make immediate payment to the Rev. Henry Hoffmann of the said county, who is fully authorised to settle all matters relative to the estate during my absence. SAMUEL W. SAYRE, Adm r . Brandon, November 2.
DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, to wit:
BE it remembered, that on the seventh day of November, in the thirtieth year of the Independence of the United States of America, Charles De noon, of the said district, hath deposited in this office, the title of a Map, the right whereof he claims as author in the words following, to wit: "A perspective view of the lots of the United States Frigate Philadelphia: in which is represented, her relative position to the Tripolitan gun-boats, when, during their furious attacks upon her, she was unable to get a single gun to bear upon them." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, intitled "An act for the encouragement of learning by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and books to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned." (L. S.) WILLIAM MARSHALL, Clerk of the District of Virginia. November 2.
DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, to wit:
BE it remembered, that on the seventh day of November, in the thirtieth year of the Independence of the United States of America, Charles De noon, of the said district, hath deposited in this office, the title of a Map, the right whereof he claims as author in the words following, to wit: "A view of Commodore Preble's Squadron, whilst engaging the gun-boats and forts of Tripoli, on the 3d of August, 1804: when they captured three of the Tripolitan boats, and greatly damaged the Bashaw's fortifications." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, intitled "An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and books to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned." (L. S.) WILLIAM MARSHALL, Clerk of the District of Virginia. November 2.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.

Mr. Editor—Your mention of the manner in which the body of his late royal highness, the duke of Gloucester, will be prepared for interment, is accurate as far as it goes. If you are disposed to lay before your readers an account of the effect produced by the mode of preparation, which for many centuries, has been used upon the bodies of royal personages, the following lines will not be unacceptable to you. They are extracted from Sir Joseph Ayloffe's account of the opening of the tomb of Edward the first, in Westminster Abbey, four hundred and sixty-seven years after its interment; a narrative which I can never read without strong emotions of awe, and melancholy admiration. After describing the manner of opening the tomb and coffin, which was done with the utmost care, in the presence of the Rev. Dr. Thomas, then Dean of Westminster, of two of the reverend Prebendaries, and of the president of the society of Antiquaries, the writer says,
"On lifting up the lid, the royal corpse was found wrapped up within a large square mantle of strong, coarse, thick linen cloth, diapered of a dull, pale, yellowish, brown colour, and waxed on its under side. The head and face were entirely covered with a Sudanese, or face-cloth of crimson farcenet, the substance whereof was so much perished as to have a cob-web-like face, and the appearance of fine lint. The Sudanese was formed into three folds. When the folds of the external wrapper were thrown back, and the Sudanese removed, the corpse was discovered, richly habited, adorned with ensigns of royalty, and almost entire, notwithstanding the length of time it had been entombed. Its innermost covering seemed to have been a very fine ceretuch, dressed close to every part of the body, and superinduced with such accuracy and exactness, that the fingers and thumbs of both the hands, had each of them a separate and distinct envelope of that material. The face, which had a similar covering closely fitted thereto, retained its exact form, although part of the flesh appeared to be somewhat walled. It was of a dark brown or chocolate colour, approaching to black, as were the hands and fingers. The chin and lips were entire, but without any beard; and a sinking, or dip, between the chin and under lip, was very conspicuous. Both the lips were prominent; the nose short, as if snubbed; but the apertures of the nostrils were visible. There was an unusual full, or cavity, on that part of the bridge of the nose which separates the orbits of the eyes; and some globular substance, possibly the fleshy part of the eye-balls, was moveable in their sockets, under the envelope. Below the chin and under-jaw, was lodged a quantity of black dust, which had neither smell nor coherence; but whether the fame had been flesh, or spices, could not be ascertained. One of the joints of the middle finger of the right hand was loose, but those of the left hand were quite perfect. The corpse, from the waist downward, was covered with a large piece of rich figured cloth of gold, which was loose over the lower part of the tunic, thighs, legs, and feet, and tucked down behind the soles of the latter. There did not remain any appearance of gloves; but on the back of each hand, and just below the knuckle of the middle finger, lay a square foil of the same metal as those on the soles. The feet, with their toes, soles and heels, seemed to be perfectly entire, but whether they have been handled or not is uncertain, as the cloth tucked over them was not removed. On measuring the body by a rod, quadrated into inches, divided into quarters, it appeared to be six feet and two inches in length."
* Of sillage wood, in metal gilt, elegantly shaped in figure.
FROM THE POLITICAL REGISTER.
Mr. Editor—I send you for publication an authentic, important paper—the report of a national board of health, upon contagious pestilence, as the subject is at present understood in England. This document is greatly interesting to America, as well as to England, as it identifies the pestilence lately devastating the garrison of Gibraltar, with the yellow fever of the United States, which has so frequently visited them of late years.
As it contains the reflected opinion of men eminently qualified to judge, that this disease is of a highly contagious nature; and which, if once introduced into our own country, might produce the most fatal consequences;
As these respectable persons make a clear distinction between this dreadful malady, and the worst indigenous distempers of their own climate;
As we find in the fullest acquiescence in the intelligible doctrine that the yellow fever, as well as the plague, may be carried from country to country, which might a little shake our faith in the Wetherbee revelation of a recent change in the constitution of the atmosphere, to which this calamity has been attributed; And as an important disorder, that its visitations and ravages might be within human means to prevent:
It is highly important in the article which treats of insulating the sick, to strongly enjoin—Not conceiving that the feelings of individuals should stand in the way of measures necessary to guarantee the general safety;
But principally as indicating the means to be employed, it is, in effect, an advice to us, with regard to the precaution against a scourge, the greatest evil of which is not even the number of its victims.
A CITIZEN.
FIRST REPORT, OF THE BRITISH BOARD OF HEALTH.
An outline of a Plan to prevent the spreading of the Plague or other Contagious Diseases, presented by the Board of Health, agreeable to the instructions of His Majesty's most honourable Privy Council.
Published in London, August 27th. In obedience to the commands of his Majesty's most honourable Privy Council, we proceeded to the consideration of the third head of their Lordship's instructions, and to the detail of the measures which it would be proper to adopt, in case of the plague, or other infectious disease, attended with great mortality, should pass the barrier of the quarantine, and actually appear amongst us.
It is so long since the plague has visited this country, that it is in some degree necessary to recall the mind to the miseries inflicted upon a nation by that greatest of all calamities to which the human race is subject; in order that we may hold ourselves the more ready to comply with the regulations and orders which the exigencies of such a time would call for. Unquestionably the misery produced by a wide spreading pestilence far exceeds all others, and considering the size of our towns, and the population of them, particularly of the metropolis, there is hardly any nation would have so much to dread from the calamity as this kingdom. The destruction of thousands of individuals, the interruption of trade, the check to manufactures and commerce, and the consequent diminution of the public revenue, are some of the certain evils attendant upon pestilence; the regulations therefore, and orders necessary to check its progress, or to extinguish it at its first appearance, however rigid they may be, cannot be deemed harsh or severe, when the magnitude of the object for which they are framed is considered. Nor indeed is there any reason to fear that the good sense of the nation would not readily acquiesce in measures, the utility and advantages, as well as the necessity of which, would be obvious.
It should be observed, that the following regulations are founded chiefly on experience in what has been called the plague, by way of pre-eminence, or the plague of the Levant. But as no disease can be said to equal, still less to exceed this, in its infectious and fatal nature, it is not unreasonable to presume, that the precautions which have been found sufficient to guard against that, would likewise be effectual, against the sickness which lately prevailed at Gibraltar, or any other contagious and mortal distemper.
The experience of many centuries has shown, that
the plague has spread by near approach to, or actual contact with the person of the sick, and by clothes and apparel, which having imbibed the poison, are capable of retaining it. Hence it is only necessary to keep at a certain distance from those ill of the disease, and from such things as have been exposed to it, in order to avoid the contagion. This is the great principle we are all along to keep in view. All the regulations of quarantine rests upon this foundation. The separation of the sick from those that are well, furnishes the only means which promise any reasonable security against the spreading of such calamities.
Of the success of these precautions we have many signal instances. Since the fatal year of 1729, at Marfeilles, several persons at different periods have been afflicted with the plague in the Lazaretto of that port; yet by a careful prevention of intercourse it has not spread. Also persons under the same roof, in different apartments, when all communication has been cut off, have not suffered. The practice in the factories at Aleppo, and elsewhere, of "shutting up," as it is termed, affords a well known example of the same kind, where the merchant continues in perfect security in the midst of a surrounding pestilence, whilst the inhabitants of contiguous houses, not cut off from the intercourse with the common people, become victims of the disease. In the year 1771 the plague raged at Moscow, and in the month of September destroyed in that city 27,000 persons, while the nobility and opulent gentry, who confined themselves to the palaces or houses, suffered very little.
And Mertens who was a physician on the spot, informs us that it broke out seven different times in the orphan charity there, containing 1400 persons, and was as often suppressed by means of a careful separation. Likewise of the pestilential disorder, lately so fatal at Malaga, we are informed, that the inhabitants of Medina Sidonia remained uninfected so long as the governor kept the gates shut; but upon intercourse being permitted the disease presently attacked them; yet then, by a vigilant and judicious police, it was confined to one quarter of the town, and did not extend its ravages farther. The plague appeared in our army during the late glorious campaign in Egypt several times; but from the good care that was immediately taken to separate the sick from the sound, and to prevent such intercourse as is allowed by the Turks, the mischief it occasioned was comparatively small, and the disorder was soon suppressed.
These and other similar facts, point out, in a very convincing manner, the advantage to be derived from careful separation, and the necessity of a strict observation of the regulations to be laid down for this purpose.
In consulting the experience of former times, we had found with pleasure, that the practice of our ancestors, as far back as the time of Queen Elizabeth, furnishes many wholesome regulations, which might easily be adapted to the present times. These we have thought the more deserving of attention, not only because they bear the stamp and seal of experience, but because their execution does not appear to have any thing in it inconsistent with the laws and constitution of the kingdom, as the legal authority of the magistrate is the only power referred to. But though we commend the spirit in which the regulations were executed, some of the regulations themselves seem highly injudicious, as particularly where they directed the sick and the well to be shut together in the infected houses. This proceeding was in its consequences no less injurious to the public than cruel to individuals; for the dread of being thus up made every one about the sick conceal the disease as long as possible; and when that could no longer be done, and the magistrate had set his mark upon the house, the horror of their situations drove them to despair, and made them clandestinely or even by force break thro' their confinement and spread wide the infection.
In the following regulations we have had respect to the practice both of our own country and of foreign countries in times of sickness, and have endeavoured, as far as the nature of the subject would admit, to consult the security of the public, and the comfort of individuals. But the principle of separation being acknowledged, the mode to be adopted may admit of considerable variation from many local circumstances.
Some variation of practice will likewise be necessary in different degrees of the calamity; for such measures as seem best calculated to extinguish it in its beginning would become impracticable when the mischief had spread over a large district; let us, therefore, early exert ourselves with promptitude and vigour before it has acquired strength with its growth, and become too powerful to be resisted.
As soon as any one is reported to be infected, notice must immediately be given to the magistrate who shall employ some physician to examine into, the fact, and upon receiving the confirmation of his report, the magistrate shall, without delay, remove the rest of the inhabitants from the sick house to some place of observation. It may be left to the option of the parties either to provide for themselves, at their own expence, a house for this purpose, such as the magistrate shall approve of, or go to one procured by the magistrates at the public charge. They shall be considered as suspected, and shall be examined twice every day by some physician, in order that any one of them who sickens may be immediately removed; the others shall be prohibited from all intercourse for the space of 20 days. A physician ought to be sent immediately by the lords of his majesty's most honourable privy council, or by the board of health under their direction for the exclusive purpose of attending the sick, and also for examining the suspected.
The suspected being removed, the sick person shall continue to reside in the house where he was taken ill, and shall not be permitted to quit it till 20 days from the date of his perfect recovery, or longer in case any open sore, or other circumstance, render the security doubtful. He must then be required to go two several times into a warm bath, or to have his body as often thoroughly washed all over with warm water; he must afterwards put on clothes which are either new or have been effectually purified, according to such process as shall hereafter be directed.
The sick person shall be allowed to have any one of his friends or family he chooses, and who may be willing to attend him as his nurse. If there is no body he or his friends may appoint for this purpose, the magistrate shall provide one. In any case the attendant must upon no account leave the house till the sick be either recovered or dead; and shall then perform a quarantine of 20 days, and submit to regulations prescribed for the purpose of purification.
Those who are removed from the sick house shall give to the magistrate a correct list of all the articles they take with them, which shall be subjected to the same process as is used at the lazaretto in regard to similar articles received from suspected ships. No articles shall be removed without an express licence from the magistrate. It might be advisable to provide cheap clothing at the public expence, for the use of such poor persons as have not a sufficient change of common articles of dress.
It will be necessary that one or more watchmen or guards be placed constantly at the door of the infected house, and also at the house of observation, to prevent all ingress or egress, either casual or designed.
Meat should also be provided, whose business it shall be to procure such things as are wanted in the sick house or houses of observation. These things shall be conveyed through a window by a plank or basket. In the case of poor people all necessaries must be furnished by the magistrates at the expence of the county, or neighbouring counties, which, from their proximity, become more immediately interested in checking and extinguishing the disease.
If the infected person be in a situation to admit of insulating the part of the house in which he resides, it may not be necessary to remove the other parts of the family, provided they will submit to be shut up in the same house, entirely separated from the sick, and cut off from all communication with the rest of the town, to the satisfaction of the magistrate. In this, as in the former case every individual of the family must perform a quarantine of 20 days from the time of the cessation of the disorder.
The economy and management of the sick house, should be as follows: The person ill of the plague or other contagious fever, should be laid in a bed without curtains, in the largest and most airy apartment,
and the bed should be placed in the middle of the room; a part of the window and door should be continually kept open, to promote a current of air in the room, taking care, however, that it do not annoy the sick. If it be cold, there should be a fire in the room, which would promote the circulation of air in the apartment. The utmost attention should be paid to cleanliness both in the persons of the sick and in the clothes that are about them, which ought to be frequently changed. By these means the accumulation of the poison will be prevented in such things as are about the sick; and by means of ventilation, the concentration of the poison will be guarded against in the air of the apartment; both which circumstances will materially contribute to the safety of the nurse and all others about the sick.
The importance of these precautions will appear, if we keep in mind the well established fact, that the poison, by being diffused in the air, soon becomes innocuous; and that at a very small distance from the persons of the sick, it ceases to do mischief. It can scarcely, therefore, be doubted, that the less it is allowed to concentrate in the air of the apartment, or to collect in the apparel or bed clothes, the less danger will there be of the spreading of the disease, and the greater chance of its speedy extinction.
The physician, surgeon, apothecary, or nurse, who attends any person ill of the disease, should be enjoined to remain about the sick as short a time as is consistent with their duty; and to avoid as much as possible all contact with his person, or with his bedding clothes, &c. Gloves of oiled silk, and oiled silk dress, and other similar precautions, may be useful with this view. These might easily be washed or wiped with a wet sponge, which should be allowed to remain in water. The glass or cup, out of which the sick have taken any thing, should be immediately put in cold water. Any fragments of bread or other food they may have handled should be greatest in the same manner. Their excrementitious discharges should also all be received in cold water, and quickly moved out of the sick apartment.
The linen about the persons or beds of the sick, when changed, should be put in cold water, in which they should lie till it can be put on the fire and boiled; and every other part of clothing of a suspicious nature might be treated in the same manner. The washing of such things, should be performed by washing machines.
These precautions may appear minute, but we beg it may be recollected that though we know most certainly that the poison proceeds from the person of the sick, yet we do not know that it is confined to any one discharge more than another, and therefore must guard as much as possible against all. The perspiration, the vapour hanging about the bed clothes, the excrementitious matter, discharged from the mouth, nose, the bowels, and the bladder, also the matter from the pores are all probably capable of conveying the poison, and ought therefore all to be carefully avoided.
If the sick die, the body should be wrapped in oiled cloth, or tanned cloth, and soon buried.
It must be remembered, that every thing that tends to secure those about the sick from infection, is of the greatest importance, both by checking the progress of the disease, and by giving confidence to those whose business it is to help and allay the afflicted: for by these means, many of the miseries which accompany pestilence, would be alleviated. Nor are such precautions to be thought unavailing, when it is considered how many of the medical attendants in different plagues have escaped, which can only be imputed to their using similar precautions with those we have now stated very few of the physicians or other medical attendants who took care of the soldiers infected with the plague in the army of Egypt, died. And of thirteen physicians at Moscow, who formed a committee, by order of the late Empress of Russia, to attend those ill of the plague, one of the most respectable (Mertens) states that they used no other precaution than avoiding to touch the persons or the cloaths of their patients, and that he himself and all his brethren escaped the disorder.
(To be continued)
At a court held for King & Queen county, at the court-house on Monday the 9th of Sept. 1805. UPON AN INJUNCTION IN CHANCERY.
Richard Brooke, Plaintiff. Against Wallace Johnson & Muire & Robt. Price, Defendants. THIS day came the plaintiff by his counsel, and the defendants, Wallace Johnson and Muire, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of assembly, in such case made and provided, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this commonwealth. On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel: It is ordered, that the said defendants do appear here on the second Monday in November next, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some public newspaper published in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of this court-house. A Copy, Teste, ROBT. POLLARD, c. c. October 11. (F 2m.)
TO BE SOLD, To the highest bidder, for ready money, on Tuesday the 14th inst. at Amelia Court-house: Five likely Negro fellows, to wit: Harry, Joe, Paetrum, Phill and Abram, conveyed to us, as trustees, by the late Joseph Cooke, to secure the payment of a debt due Spencer Atkinson of two hundred and fourteen pounds sixteen shillings and nine pence, with lawful interest thereon from the 24th January 1805, 'till paid, and the expenses of executing the said trust. William A. Baldwin, } Trustees. James Atkinson, } Amelia, Nov. 1. Frip
TO BE RENTED, MY HOUSE and LOT, upon Shockoe-Hill, in an airy pleasant situation.—For terms, apply to Mr. Samuel M'Crane, who is fully authorised by me, to treat for the same, or to the subscriber. Possession may be immediately had. WILLIAM MANN. August 30. (F if.)
NOTICE. THE subscribers, being trustees of closing their administration on the estate of William Witham, deceased, call upon all those who have claims against him, to make them known before the second Monday in November next, when they intend to render an account of their administration to the court of hings for the city of Richmond; after which no claim not previously given in will be attended to, but this notice will be plead in bar thereof. All persons indebted to the deceased, are desired to make immediate payment, as no indulgence can be given. EDWARD CARRINGTON, J. A. CHEVALLIE. September 18. (F if.)
This Day is Published, And For Sale at the Book-store of the Enquirer, and the Minerva Office: THE VIRGINIA ALMANACK, For 1806: PRINTED FOR T. RICHIE AND COOK & GRANT. LAND—containing
A considerable variety of matter; Political, Agricultural, Medical and Miscellaneous. Among others, an Essay on the Oratorical Character of Cato, attributed to the author of the British Spy. October 25.
FOR SALE, TEN SHARES, in the James River Canal Company. Apply to THOMAS NORVELL. November 8.
A LIST Of persons, representing themselves to be American Seamen, impressed and detained in the British service for want of documents to prove their citizenship. As the former places of residence of these men are unknown to the Department of State, their friends are in this manner requested to procure proof of their citizenship, with descriptions of their persons, and forward the same to the Secretary of State, in order that proper application may be made for their discharge.
John M'Connell, Henry Williams, Robert Tahman, Thomas Thompson, Alex. Kirkwood, Charles Williams, Thomas Church, Samuel Wilson, Nicholas Powers, John Barmore, Emes Wright, John Frederick, John Wheeler, John Bailey, John Farewell, John Truman, Joshua Porter, Timothy Small, Isaac Van Blaken, Michael Nugent, Richard Mathers, Benjamin Ludua, W. S. Board, Thomas Patton, Matthew Tilton, Richard Stringe, Bosworth Cole, George Sloan, Thomas Crippen, John Dennis, Wm. Clark, Benj. George, James Stud, John Stewart, Thomas Jones, Nichs. Coston, Cato Martin, Daniel Dyson, Richard Smythe, Peter M'Farlane, John Hunn, Wm. Hayes, John Love, James Campbell, Alex. Carlisle, Stephen Lewis, Francis Edmonds, Wm. Cole, George Durant, Wm. Podd, Jacob Rhan, Wm. Lyons, Wm. Wilson, James Choston, Henry Bowling, Edward Rowlston, Edward Westforn, George Gray, Samuel Hills, John M. Walker, Samuel Dunkin, Benjamin Noyes, J. Huger, alias Jack, George Birch, John Smith, Samuel Dalton, Anthony Ruccas, Henry Feather, Henry Champmon, John Lawson, Wm. Armstrong, Samuel Rowton, Samuel Lloyd, Charles Harrison, John Walker, Thomas Jones, Henry Waters, John Matheway, John Reid, Frederick Rhoads, James Green, George Campbell, William Sherrard, Richard Johnson, Joseph Willson, Lawrence Hollander, James Riley, John Frith, Francis Bainacat, Peter Lewis, John Mason, Asa Thompson, William Chojan, John Hunt, John Eaton, Peter Willmot, John Griffin, James Goldsborough, Charles McBride, Richard Edwards, James M'Pherson, Henry Applewhite, William Sandford, William Jarvis, John Downing, John Byrens, Francis Wood, John Davis, Martin Doll, Royal Tarbox, David Cuff, John Magrath, John Holmes, Ino. Baptiste Deshande, John Greene, William Hawker, Samuel Carr, David Collins, Edward Moore, John Haley, John Lindlay, Thomas Rowe, John Copeland, David Coleman, Wm. Herfon or Harrison, William Johnson or Wilmoth Johnson, Charles Robinson, John Slocum, Charles Lewis, Benjamin Moseley, Levi Hall, Edward Owens, Jos. or Th. Quenichet, Joseph M'Kedder, Nathaniel Tolman, John Love, Jonathan Archer, William Smith, —Hughes, Joseph Muratt, Joseph Woodson, John Jones, Charles Mitchell, John Blechford, Wm. (alias) James Deale, John Fergusson, William Wall, Jun. Marrens Stephens, Samuel Jenkins, William Rowland, John Robinson, John Jackson, John Woolicot, James Lepper, John Seymour, Edward Rogers, Francis Davis, John Smith, Thomas Manning, James Lynn, Lundonill or Lion Donell, David Coleman, Zeneas Swift, Edward Miller, Wm. Bully, James Wornisley, Archd. M'Ketchine, David Stafford, Frederick Rhodes, James Watts, Samuel Sohier, John Rice, Anthony Nelson, William Bond, Thomas Simonton, Thomas Edwards, Joseph Perrin, William Mines, Edward Moore, Henry Bowling, John Slocum, George Watson, Thomas Morris, Samuel Brown, George Watson, William Wall, Ebenezer Buckingham, James Wilson, John Wildman, Philip Ford (alias) Caro-
line Thomas Simonton, John Ready, John Walsh, John Thompson, George Walker, Daniel Merridith, John Johnson, William Buck, John Howes, Thomas White, Samuel Lloyd, Peter Johnson, Daniel Johnson, John Thompson, George Mars, George Watson, Daniel Merridith, William Finlay, John Grant, Abraham Hainard, John Miller, Liff Young, Thomas Pennock, George Walby, John Robinson, John Thompson, James Featherstone, Elias Huett, William Sculla, Barns, M'Nutt, John Hankerson, Samuel B. Spencer, Joseph Wilson, Joseph Hexis, Isaac Gaines, George W. Eddy, George Farrington, John Hamford, James Gray, Thomas White, Richard Dawson, Joseph Pierson, Richard Reed, John Brack or Brock, John Brown, Benjamin S. Hunt, William Wilson, John Rick, Jr. (alias), John Benfau, Joseph Hix, Robert Coulson, Samuel Brown, Samuel Bond, Francis Lamont, Peter Harvey, Peter Lauries or Lewis, William Sherrard, Robert Crofbie, Joseph Blake, William Jarvis (alias), Jof. Tallman, Clement Coffin, Peter Wilson, Isaac Gaines, Charles Low, Ebenezer Turner, Gilbert Lewis, William Robertson, William Thompson.
The Editors of the National Intelligencer, and of the several papers in the Atlantic States, who publish the laws of the Union, are requested to publish the above three times. Department of State, October 25, 1805.
JUST RECEIVED AT JOHN PUMFREY'S, BOOK-BINDER AND STATIONER, TWO hundred and fifty Reams of FOOL SCAP POTT and POST WRITING PAPER—He has also on hand an extensive stock of BLANK BOOKS of all descriptions, manufactured from materials of the first quality, and every other article in the Stationary line. Tickets for sale in the Second Class of the Richmond Academy Lottery. October 11.
THE HIGHEST PRICE (IN CASH) WILL BE GIVEN AT THIS OFFICE FOR CLEAN LINENS & COTTON RAGS.
NEIL M'COULL HAS received, by the late arrivals from London and Liverpool, his usual supply of FALL & WINTER GOODS. October 22.
BY Virtue of a deed of Trust, executed to the subscriber, by Stephen Hughes, to secure a debt due to James Lewis, as expressed in said deed: will be exposed to sale for ready money, on the first Monday in December next, at James Lewis's Tavern in the town of Charlottesville, 40 acres of LAND, including a mill seat lying on the waters of Moore's Creek or so much thereof as will be sufficient to pay said debt, interest and cost. BENJAMIN BROWN, Trustee. October 25. (ep3w.)
ELLIS & ALLAN
Have just received by the Ships Proteus and Searge from Liverpool, and the Suffolk from London,
A SUITABLE and a well selected assortment of FALL GOODS.—Among which are: Duffet and Point Blankets, Rose Blankets from 6-4 to 11-4, Napped Cottons, Kerseys white and coloured, Plains do. do., Yarn and Plaid Hose, Nails from 3d to 30d, Crown window glass 10 by 8, 11 by 9 and 12 by 10, Putty and Glue, Boiled Linseed Oil in Jars, English White Lead ground in oil, Yellow Ochre, Spanish Brown, Verdigrease in pots, Bellows, Anvils, Vices and Smiths hammers, Liverpool Filled Salt, London Superfine Cloths and Cassimeres, single and double Mill'd, Patent Woollen Coils, Velvets, Hunters and Constitution Cordis, Corduroys and Thicksets, Ladies London Kid and Morocco Shoes and Boas, Silk, Cotton and Worsted Hose, Silk Bath Rasps, White Angola Hose, very fine, Gentlemen's Silk, Cotton, and Worsted Hose, Angolas and Lambs Wool, Lambs Wool Half Hose, Real Italian Saracens plain and checked, Chambray Mullins, Plain and Tamboured Jacomet Mullins, Colonade, Pique, & Laced Colonade & Cambric do., Coloured Cambrics and Calicoes, Elegant Silk Shawls, do. Cambric do., Buffels and Kidderminster Carpets and Carpeting, Gentlemen's Real Beaver, Fashionable Hats, Patent do., Ladies Trimmed do., Rich Black Molleton, Rich figured do., Guns and Pistols, Elegant Fowling Pieces, Sine Twins, 6-8 and 10-4 Diaper and Damask do., 8-4, 10-4, 10-12 Damask and Diaper Table Cloths, Irish Linens and 5-4 Irish Sheetings. Which will be sold on moderate terms. October 25.
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY, 8th REGISTRATION.
THE Shareholders in the Manchester Turnpike Company, are hereby required to pay to James Brander, Treasurer, the further sum of ten dollars on each share, on or before the 18th of November next. By order of the directors, JAMES BRANDER, Cll. Manchester, October 11. 18N.
OYSTER HOUSE, GEORGE WATSON,
HAS commenced his former and well known occupation of furnishing OYSTERS, BEEF STEAKS, COLD SNACKS, and RELISHES, at the white House near the Union Tavern, wherein the Post-Office was lately kept. He begs leave to assure those who may favour him with their company or commands, that nothing shall be neglected on his part which promises to give satisfaction. October 15.
MC CALL'S NAIL MANUFACTORY, ON THE CANAL, RICHMOND.
WROUGHT and cut nails of a superior quality, are sold at present for the following prices, by the barrel.
WROUGHT NAILS. Spikes, 40d. 30d. and 20d. Nails, 12 1/2 Cts. per lb. 12d. Nails, - - - 13 10d. Ditto, - - - 14 8d. do. - - - 14 3/4 6d. do. - - - 7 3/8 per m. CUT NAILS and BRADS. 24d. 20d. & 12d. Cut Nails & Brads. 11 Cts. per lb. 10d. Ditto, - - - 11 8d. do. - - - 11 1/4 6d. Nails, - - - 12 1/4 4d. do. - - - 12 3/4 2d. do. - - - 14 Retail price, one Cent and a half per lb. higher. Wrought and cut spikes of every size. All kinds of Blacksmith's work will be done at the said manufactory, and a constant supply of Bar Iron, Hoop Iron, Nail Rods, Steel, &c. for sale. October 15.
BURR MILL STONES, OF ALL SIZES; and a PLAISTER OF PARIS, of an excellent quality, FOR SALE, AS USUAL, BY WILLIAM DAVIDSON, near the Market. Dec. 4. [eptf.]
GEORGE WILY, BROKER & COMMISSION MERCHANT, Near the Basin,
BUYS and sells all kinds of Produce—Alfalfa, Lands Lots, and houses, Bank Stock, &c. He has for Sale, LOTS No. 141, 2, 3, and 4, which make one entire square in Du-Val's addition.—There is a good Spring attached to them. These lots are well worth the attention of any gentleman wishing to build a summer retreat for his family. July 23.—4f.
MARSHAL'S SALES.
TO BE SOLD, for ready money, in pursuance of a decree of the court of the United States, for the fifth circuit in the Virginia district, between Phoebe Bond, attorney for the creditors of Ezekiel Edwards and David Ross, and others defendants, in order to raise the sum of 4209 dols. 25 cents, with the expenses of sale, a number of very valuable slaves now at the Oxford Iron Works. The sale will take place at the said Works, on the 10th day of November next. BENJ. MOSBY, D. M. for JOSEPH SCOTT, M. V. D. October 4. (epds.)
WARDLAW, has received his fall supply of Medicines, by the ship Rolia from London; also a great variety of Paints, Varnishes, Surgeons Instruments, patent Medicines, &c. &c. And by the ship George from Liverpool, a large supply of vials and shop glass.—Those who favor him with their custom may depend on being supplied with every article in his line at the most liberal terms. The citizens of Richmond are requested when they apply at his shop by a child or servant to put the name of the article wanted on paper to prevent mistakes. Nov. 1.