The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-10-24 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM...payable in advance.
NUMBER 49.]
WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 24, 1804.
[VOLUME I.]
CONDITIONS.
 I. The ENQUIRER will appear twice a week...During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment FIVE DOLLARS per annum, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
WILLIAM & MARY COLLEGE.
THE Lectures on LAW and POLICE at the College of William and Mary, will commence on the 20th of November. Oct. 20, 1804. [1m]
PROPOSALS,
BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY & AUGUSTINE DAVIS, For Publishing by Subscription,
THE DEBATES AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIRGINIA CONVENTION, ON THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.
ON the advantages of a work, whose character is so well established, as that of the Debates of the Virginia Convention, it would be useless to expatiate. A work which gives the most comprehensive account extant, of the proceedings and arguments on the adoption of the present Constitution of the United States, certainly needs not the passing tribute of the mere mechanical Editor. If the reputation of a book which is so frequently mentioned has not already anticipated these eulogiums, such a character, often meritorious, and always partial, can scarcely be expected to bring it into notice. If the merits of the work have been already appreciated, the eulogiums of the Editor will be surely unnecessary. The Debates of the Virginia Convention are completely out of print. No more than 1500 copies of the first edition were ever published; and not more than one edition has ever appeared. Hence it is that the demand for this work has scarcely ever been supplied: and it is hence that the present publishers have been induced to print a second edition.
Sacred mistakes, which had crept into the former edition, will be corrected: the speeches will sometimes be disposed for a more satisfactory perusal, by distributing them into appropriate paragraphs: and the entire execution of the work will be in every respect more perfect.
CONDITIONS.
 1. This work, which was divided into three volumes in the former edition, will now be comprised into one.  2. It will be printed with a new type, on very good paper, in the octavo form.  3. It will be bound in boards. An additional expense of 50 cents will be required for binding it in leather.  4. The price to subscribers will be three dollars, to be paid on the delivery of the copy. Non-subscribers will have to pay four dollars.  5. It is now in the press. The labor of two competitors and two pressmen is constantly employed upon it; and it may be expected to appear in February or March, 1805. 
TAKEN out of the subscriber's shop, between Monday morning and Wednesday evening a BLUESURROUT COAT, quilted velvet cape and Blue pockets. Any person who gives such information that I get it shall be rewarded with one half its value. October 20. I. P. HOPKINS.
Mediterranean Passports.
NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the 8th day of July next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel, for which application may be made on a compliance with the terms prescribed by law and surrendering the former passport of which she may be possessed, if any, in which latter case no fees will be required for the exchange: and that by an arrangement agreed upon by the Barbary powers with whom we are at peace, either the old or the new form of passport will be sufficient to protect the vessels of the United States, from capture until the 1st of July 1805, after which the old form of passport will be unavailable and the new one alone in use.
Department of State, } 23d of May, 1804. } The printers of the Laws of the United States are required to insert the above in their Gazettes a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices. June, 9.
By virtue of a decree of the Court of the United States for the fifth circuit, in the Virginia district, bearing date the 6th day of June, 1804, in behalf of Phoebe Bond, attorney for the creditors of Ezekiel Edwards, against David Ross and others, WILL BE SOLD,
To the highest bidder, for ready money, at Goodland Court-House, on the 29th day of November next, A TRACT OF LAND,
In said county, on Beverdam creek, containing fifteen hundred acres, more or less, including the land whereon the Court House is situated, bounded by the lands of Samuel Woodson and others, and commonly called Ross's Goodland Court House Tract; or so much thereof as may be sufficient to raise the sum of ten thousand Dollars, and the expenses attending the sale.
REM: MOSBY, D. M. for Joseph Scott, m. v. m. (alt) October 17.
JUST RECEIVED BY THE SUBSCRIBERS, FOR PRIVATE SALE.
THREE Bales of INDIA COTTON, either by the bale or single piece;—Which if not disposed of before, will on Thursday the 1st day of November next, be sold positively without reserve for cash. PROSSER & MONCURE, F. M. r. October 10. [1m]
NOTICE.
THE partnership, heretofore subsisting between the subscribers, under the firm of Ross & FORD, is this day dissolved by mutual consent. Those who have unsettled accounts with the said firm are respectfully informed that they must apply for settlement to Messrs. Wm. Jones of Philadelphia, or Neil McCoull of this city. DAVID R. ROSS. BENJAMIN B. FORD. October 17. [1m. ev.]
FALL GOODS.
WILLIAM TEMPLE has received by the ship Edward and Charles, from London, AN EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF GOODS, suitable to the approaching season. He expects an ADDITIONAL SUPPLY, to complement his assortment, by the ship Sally from London, and Lark from Liverpool which he will dispose of at his usual low terms. Sept. 8. [1m]
OLD MADEIRA, DRY LISBON, & PORT WINE.
ROBERT GORDON & Co. HAVE received by the Juliana from Madeira, 50 pipes selected OLD WINE, which they assure their friends proves to be excellent. They have also a few pipes, hogsheads and quarter-casks DRY LISBON and PORT WINE, imported by themselves direct from Lisbon and Oporto. FALL GOODS.
They have received by the Charles and Edward from London, part of their FALL GOODS, and daily expect from Liverpool and Glasgow an extensive assortment of nearly every article usually imported. September 22. [1m]
THREE DWELLING HOUSES TO BE RENTED.
ONE situate at the foot of Adams' hill, and but a small distance from the Masons Hall, lately occupied by Mr. Thomas Underwood; on this lot there is a very good and well enclosed garden, a well of excellent water and other conveniences. One other situate in the alley between the street leading to Shockoe warehouse, and that leading to Mayo's Bridge, lately occupied by Mr. John Robbins. The other situate in the back street near Harris's Tobacco manufactory, and the Rock landing—having a large garden well enclosed, and at present occupied by Mr. Henry Tompkins. Possession of the two first described may be had immediately, and of the other on the first of January next. Apply to JOSEPH GALLEGO. WHO HAS FOR SALE, A light Coach, nearly new, with plated mounted harness, complete for two horses. 19th October. (epif.)
WASHINGTON TAVERN.
THE subscriber has taken a lease of this tenement for a number of years, and has put it in a state of repair which renders it not inferior to any in this City. Besides the Tavern he has detached buildings, well calculated to accommodate those who are anxious of greater privacy than a town usually affords. These tenements adjoin the public square, and are within two hundred yards of the Capitol. They have decided advantages over any other houses in this City, with respect to pure air and excellent water. He has good stables and a constant supply of the best forage. He renders his services to his friends and the public, and assures them, that no unlawful gaming, nor any other practice which might, in any degree, have a tendency to disturb the peace of his house, will ever be permitted. EDWARD HALLAM. Richmond, September 26. N. B. About thirty MEMBERS of the next Assembly may be well accommodated, of whom eighteen have already engaged. E. H.
70 LIKELY NEGROES.
ANY person wishing to purchase about 70 Likely Negroes, may hear where he can be accommodated by applying at the Office of the Enquirer. October 3. [1m]
BROKER'S OFFICE.
THE Subscriber has opened a Broker's Office in one of the apartments above Mr. Burr's Store. All business confided to him, will be transacted with strict fidelity. THOMAS NORVELL. October 3. [1m]
NOTICE.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of Capt. Thomas Nelson, late of King William County, are desired to bring them, properly attested, to the subscribers, who have qualified as executors of his father's will; and he takes this occasion to assure the creditors, that as soon as their accounts are liquidated and the balances ascertained, he will make ample provision to meet every just demand, as speedily as possible. THOMAS CART NELSON. King Wm. Oct. 3. [1m]
FOR SALE.
At Louisa Courthouse, on the first Wednesday in December next, 182 VALUABLE SLAVES, CONSISTING of Men, Women, Boys and Girls, belonging to the estate of Christopher Smith, dec. Among them is a valuable TANNER, regularly bred to the business. The subscriber has refused to sell any of them privately, and they will certainly be offered at public sale at the time above mentioned. A credit till the 10th of February, 1806, will be given, on the purchase of any of them with approved security, to carry interest from the date; but if the principal is punctually paid, the interest will be remitted. CHARLES SMITH, Acting Executor of Christopher Smith, dec. October 3. (epif.)
DATES'S ALMANAC—FOR 1805—Published by Messrs. Davis & Courtney, may be had at the Office of the Enquirer. September 19. [1m]
A PETITION will be presented to the next General Assembly, to establish a FERRY from the lands of Peter Rust, in Richmond County, to the said Rust's lands in Essex County. September 15. [1m.]
IN HANOVER COUNTY COURT, October 29th, 1803.
Charles Lively against Richard Richardson & Dudley Richardson, D. r. [1m]
THIS day came the complainant by his counsel, and the defendant Dudley Richardson, till failing to appear and answer the bill of the complainant, on the motion of the complainant is decreed and ordered, that unless the defendant Dudley Richardson, (having been served with a copy of this order) shall file his answer on or before the next term, that then the complainant's bill be taken for confessed, and the matter thereunder decreed accordingly as to him. And the defendant Richardson, not having entered his appearance, and given security according to the act of assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this county, on the motion of the complainant, it is further decreed, and ordered that the defendant Richard Richardson, do appear here on the first day of the next term; and answer this bill of the complainant, and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in one of the Virginia Gazettes for two months successively, and that any copy be posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A copy, true, THOMAS POLLARD, D. C. N. C. October 17. [1m.]
EDUCATION.
THE Trustees of Winchester Academy acquaint the public, that the Latin, Greek and French languages, together with Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, the use of the Globes, Euclid, and the practical branches of the Mathematics, are taught in the Academy, by the principal master and his assistants. The school is provided with Globes and Maps, for the use of the lower classes; with Telescopes and an Electrical Machine; with an Air-pump, Endometers, and other parts of a Chemical and Philosophical apparatus, for making the usual experiments on Air, and exhibiting the properties of the different elastic fluids. In their examinations of the school, the Trustees have been highly pleased with the plan of teaching and the proficiency of the Pupils; and are extremely happy in adding, what they believe will greatly increase the utility of the institution, that Judge White will, in future, deliver in the Academy, a Course of Lectures on the Laws and Constitutions of this state, and the United States. These Lectures will commence annually on the first Monday in December, and continue until the last of the succeeding March, and it is confidently believed, that every exertion in his power, will be made by that gentleman, to render his Lectures beneficial to his Pupils, and worthy of public patronage. JOHN SMITH, President of the Trustees. September 22. (sp-5u.)
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4.
WHERAS
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4.
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those who have lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshal V. D. ep-4. ep-4.
MADEIRA WINE.
OF a superior quality, which we offer for sale by the hoghead and quarter-cask. GIBSON & JEFFERSON, epif. July 18.
FOR SALE.
Will be offered for sale, by way of Public Auction, to the highest bidder, on Wednesday the first day of next month:
THE HALF ACRE LOT OF LAND and TENEMENT lying at Rocketts, late the property of Robert Omberston, deceased. The buildings on this Lot are convenient and valuable, and the lot will, it is believed, admit of a partition into three tenements: so, partitioned, the whole or two parts at least will be sold, and a complete title made in fee simple. Approved notes of persons residing in Richmond, payable at Sixty days, will be received in payment by the subscriber. Wm. BROWN. October 13. [1m.]
LAND—FOR SALE.
I AM authorised to sell a Valuable Tract of Farming Land, lying within two miles of King and Queen Court House, and the same distance from the river; containing Six Hundred and Seventy-five acres. A bargain may be had if an early application is made to JOHN TEMPLE. October 6. [1m.]
THE SUBSCRIBER
HAS JUST RECEIVED FROM NORFOLK, A CONSIGNMENT of 50 Barrels, 8 Tierces, & 2 hds. BROWN SUGAR, which he will sell reasonable for cash, or negotiable notes, at 60 days.
He has also, COFFEE by the Barrel, and Spanish SEGARS by the Box, all of which articles are good in quality.
HE HAS ALSO FOR SALE,
200 Spanish hides of good quality, also on consignment, the money for which, together with arrears, will be paid when called on by his friend. DANIEL TRIPLETT. October 10. [1m.]
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
MEMOIR, IN JUSTIFICATION OF GENERAL MOREAU. [CONCLUDED.]
FIFTH CHARGE.
Moreau did not denounce the conspiracy.
Before a crime can be denounced, it is necessary that he from whom the denunciation is expected, should be acquainted with all the facts which constitute it, the object intended by it, the means employed or ready to be employed to promote it, and the names of those who are to concur in the execution of it.
The law punishes him as a libeller who denounces without proof, who cannot establish the offence which he alleges, who cannot ascertain the guilt of him whom he accuses.
He who is to denounce is consequently a judge of the offence which the law invites him to discover.
If the offence is not manifest, if its circumstances are suspected but not ascertained, society can exact nothing concerning it from the citizen of its members.
The question in the present case concerns a powerful conspiracy against the state.
Such a conspiracy cannot be said to exist until a number of individuals have combined, and have communicated to each other their ideas, their hopes, and their wishes; until they have digested some plan for the execution of which each pledges himself to the whole; in which each has his particular duty assigned him, so that their separate efforts may tend to one common issue; in which every thing is organized, from the chief who directs, to the most subordinate agent who is to execute his orders, and obey his instructions.
General Moreau had no knowledge of such a conspiracy. He had seen Pichegru and Roland. There was no witness of the conversations between him and the former; but he has sufficiently established the insignificance of the first. All we can learn from the second, is, that Pichegru may have wished, provided certain events, not likely to happen, should occur, to replace the ancient family of the Bourbons on the throne of France.
But if he had formed a plan, had engaged associates, and was furnished with means, these he necessarily concealed when he discovered, on the very first hint, that Moreau's affections were so completely alienated from that family, that he refused to hear that there was even a possibility of their return to France. This vague insinuation, then, was all that Moreau knew of such a project, and knew thus much only to laugh at it as ridiculous and extravagant.
Roland, even Roland confesses that on the 17th Pluviose he did not disclose more: he does not say that any plan of conspiracy was confided to Moreau.
If thus ill instructed, and not wishing, not having the power, to be more minutely informed, what would have been the consequence? Pichegru would either have escaped from Paris, or he would have been apprehended. In the first case the denunciation would have been ineffectual, and he would have been again censured as the tardy discoverer of the enemy of the state; in the second, Pichegru denying every thing, and nothing being found to support the charge against him, then Moreau, failing in the proof of what he had alleged, would, in the contemplation of law, have been branded as a libeller.
Let us by way of hypothesis, although allowing a scope for reasoning which cannot be exacted from us, enlarge for a moment the sphere of the intelligence communicated to Moreau, and suppose that he was made fully acquainted with the complete organization of a conspiracy, and knew the approaching moment appointed for its execution: then, you will no doubt say, Moreau would have failed in the duty which society imposes on each of its members, had he not immediately discovered to the constituted authorities the gulph that was yawning for their destruction.
His silence might have saved him to be a careless citizen; but would he have been a criminal for whom the law reserved a chastisement? No.
We refer to the Penal Code of the 21st September 1791; we open the Code of Crimes and
Punishments of the 3d Brumaire year 4:
in the multiplied series of punishments reserved for each species of offence or crime, we find nothing which ranks this amongst the acts of conspiracy, concealing nothing which can punish it as such. The not revealing a crime within your knowledge, whatever may be its nature, receives there no qualification, has there no place assigned to it.
Yet these two laws constitute the whole of our penal legislation. Since their promulgation nothing has been known as a crime but what has been rendered such by some overt act. And every action which is not there defined, can but receive public reprehension. Opinion may condemn but the law has no power to judge it.
Nor is it of any consequence though some ancient law may have given to an act the character of a crime; if the new code, more indulgent and more wise, has not particularly declared it to be so the act is no longer criminal.
Such is the dictum of our penal code. If the act rendered criminal by the ancient statutes, is recognized by the present code, the accused who shall be found guilty of it, shall suffer the penalties of the present code; which has, in express terms, declared that all crimes indicated by anterior laws, and not herein renewed in that sense, shall cease to be such.
Or, which is perfectly synonymous, or even more simple, as cited above, there can be no other crimes nor punishments than those expressly designated by the present code. And, consequently, by not permitting any punishment except such as it has appointed, it abrogates all those which may have been known before it existed.
To turn over a single folio of the ancient statutes, with a view to discover a law which inflicts on those who do not denounce a conspiracy, the same penalties incurred by the conspirator, is, therefore, inadmissible.
We know perfectly well that such law was enacted, in 1477, by Louis XI

piracy: but on the contrary the true character- istics of a good man; attachment and love for his country, compassion and friendship for the unhappy.
But the innocence of these relations has been still more clearly demonstrated, by the declara- tion of David, who says that he explained his intention of reconciling Moreau and Pichegru, and of obtaining, if possible, liberty for the latter to return to France to several distinguished generals and citizens, who are far out of the reach of suspicion, and that he proceeded by their advice: and by its being proved that the words, "if you could bring me but one line from our friend, it would be a great pleasure to me," which are found in one of the letters from Pichegru to David, have no reference to Moreau, but to a Senator who authorized us to plead this fact in his name; and to add that he sent the line desired to Pichegru, to his old com- panion in misfortune; his letter was found a- mong the papers of David.
Another, and more important point is that resting on the word of Roland: whose villainous imposture is evident in every part of that horrid design which he attributes to Moreau.
The improbability, the palpable falsehood, the total impossibility of the fact, prove it to be the fabrication of Roland. But the loyal and generous soul of Moreau has been so deeply wounded by the mere allegation, that we must, in his further justification, explain a circum- stance barely touched upon in the memoir, and which must disprove the testimony of Roland of all claim to belief.
The interrogatory* which procured the reply of Roland containing the words imputed to Gen. Moreau, and the reply itself must be com- pared in order to show how naturally the one fol- lowed the other, & is derived from it: how impos- sible it was for Roland not to seize on a means of safety which he believed he saw presented to him; how very probable it is that Roland had in the first place offered to purchase that safety by atrociously vilifying Moreau.
To a first question on the subject of a confer- ence related by Pichegru to Roland, he repli- ed, that "Some time had passed since that con- ference took place, and he could not be certain that his memory had faithfully retain- ed what was then said—he might be deceiv- ed."
Then follows an interrogatory which occu- pies three pages of the examination, in which he is told that every thing he had done and said was known, that his conversations with Piche- gru were overheard; that his apartment was so contrived that, notwithstanding every precau- tion, the secret had been betrayed; it then con- cludes in these words—"Beware lest, in conti- nuing silent, you conceal from the ear of Jus- tice any one of the facts which it ought to know, and thereby force us to believe that you are not merely the confidant but the accomplice of those men whom she pursues. I invite you, then, to speak more ingenuously, and to discover not only all that Pichegru said to Moreau, at whose house it will be proved that you were the second day after Pichegru came to lodge with you. We heard you speak of this visit by the same means: you told Pichegru that Moreau had a large party in the Senate; that he, Moreau was at the head of a design against the first consul and the governor of Paris, in which the Bour- bons were interested. I summon you, there- fore, to declare the whole truth, concerning these conferences and the object connected with them."
It was in reply to this question thus concluded, that Roland, who a moment before feared that "he might be deceived," who apprehend- ed "the infidelity of his memory," found all at once a perfect recollection, put to flight all fil- ly scruples, and followed the path so ingeniously chalked out for him. It was then, that the hope of being considered only as a confidant and not as an accomplice induced him to give birth to those nefarious falsehoods, and particularly to testify that Moreau had spoken of a strong party in the Senate, by which he could obtain the supreme power, but that first the consul, &c. &c. must disappear.
Who does not immediately see in the correla- tion between this question and its answer, how destitute of credibility it leaves this frightful af- fair of Roland, who until then had said no- thing; but who from his intimacy with Piche- gru, from having lodged him in his house, and from other circumstances, believing that he had every thing to fear for himself, seized with alac- rity on the hope, held out to him in the question, of escaping punishment as an accomplice. He had only to lie and be saved; it required little deliberation to decide. Independent, then, of his situation of co-accused, of his declaration being unsupported by any other proof, which alone would annul it, it is destroyed by the very means taken to obtain it, by the predicament in which he was placed, and the hope that he might purchase his own life, by infamously and falsely swearing away the life and honour of an- other.
Let us dive a little deeper. Who had previ- ously disclosed the circumstances which appear in this interrogatory?—It was either some other witness, or it was Roland himself.—If another, why has not that other been brought forward? why was he not heard at the trial?—If it was Roland, which is the most probable supposition, then it is plain that he had basely trafficked his character for his life, in promising the disclosures which he pretended to make; and that he after- wards invented in his own mind, that salutary perjury, in which he had the courage to per- jure.
Any thing more would be superabundant. Roland alone affirms to the charge: Moreau solemnly denies it.—Roland stands under a crim- inal accusation, and, according to every prin- ciple and every authority, his evidence is inad- missible; it can neither be allowed to prove, nor even to cause a suspicion of guilt.
It has been said that Moreau willed to pos- sess himself of power. His character, his habits of life, his total retirement from public view his being entirely unacquainted with men in place, the circumstance that not one person with whom he has any intimacy has been accus- ed, and the difficulty of believing that he could hope to obtain it by the assistance of the Bour- bons, or their fanatic partisans, all unite to an- nihilate this absurd charge.
WHERE NOW IS THAT MAN, IN WHOSE BREAST THERE IS EITHER JUSTICE OR IM- PARTIALITY, WHO CAN RESIST SUCH CLEAR DEMONSTRATIONS OF INNOCENCE? WHO CAN LAY HIS HAND ON HIS HEART AND SAY GE- NERAL MOREAU IS GUILTY?
Signed by the Counsellors at Law. BONNET—BELLART—PERIGNON.
* Examination of Roland, 20th Pluviôse, before the Counsellor of State, Real.
NORFOLK, October 18. Translated from Paris papers, received at Nor- folk by the ship Monticello, Capt. Gary.
In the following "Extract of a letter from Bo- logne, dated 20th of August," we have the pic- ture of a victorious General administering the oath of fidelity to his army.
"I was present to-day at the most magnifi- cent and warlike spectacle that a people can of- fer. It was a review of one of the finest armies in the world, by a victorious General distribut- ing marks of honor. Near Bologna, at the ex- tremity of the right camp, the surface of the soil gradually declining, forms a large basin, the edges of which, gently rising, have formed an extensive circle, open only at one part, and that bordering on a precipice. In the centre of the diameter of this circle, rose a simple, uncovered throne, in the taste of the brave, trophied with colours and arms, testimonies of their exploits, and crowned with the laurel of victory. On this throne, upon a chair belonging to the first race of our kings, his Imperial Majesty was seated, having at his right hand Prince Joseph, behind him the great officers of the crown, and at his side, on a lower row, the Ministers, and the Marshals of the empire, the Generals and the Senators: before, on the steps of the throne, were the Imperial Aid-de-Camps, and at the foot, upon benches to the right, the Councillors of State, to the left, the civil and religious func- tionaries. The rest of the diameter was occupi- ed by the Imperial guard and the music on one side, and by two thousand drums on the other! At the extremity was the Quarter Master Gen- eral of the army, and the Quarter Master Gene- rals of the camps—the two camps with their batteries, the entrance of the port and part of the roads, were open to the Emperor on his right, and the port of Vemereux and the coast of Great Britain on his left—before him were seen advancing sixty battalions in twenty* columns, whose heads occupied half the circumference of the circle—the extremities of the columns gra- dually rose towards the surrounding heights, which were covered with twenty squadrons of horse in order of battle, and served as a covering and ornament to the immense crowd of people, and to the tents set apart for ladies.—At twelve the Emperor rose—the drums beat to arms, while shouts of enthusiasm and joy rang thro' the army and the people—the drums beat to the charge, and in an instant the whole army was in motion, seizing their arms and closing their ranks!—This striking movement makes one glow with military ardour.—The great Chancel- lor of the Legion of Honor pronounced a dis- course, and after a roll of drums, his Majesty ad- ministered the oath, the legionaries all cried— "we swear," and at once, by a spontaneous movement, the whole army repeated the oath of fidelity, and the cry of "long live the Empe- ror," ran thro' the ranks, whilst the soldiers raised their colours and brandished their arms in sign of joy!—The great officers, the command- ers and the officers of the Legion then ap- proached the throne, were presented by the Mi- nister of War, and received each the decoration of the Eagle from the hands of his Majesty— Officers held these decorations in the shields & helmets of Duguesclin and Bayard. The aspect of this brilliant and brave army, the camps, the ports, the shores echoing with the noise of the waves and the cannon, the white cliffs of Albion —the rays of the sun escaping from the clouds to enliven the august display—the enemy's ves- sels driven by the late tempest, and hiding them- selves in the mists of the horizon—all these ob- jects added to the inspiring presence of the Em- peror, gave to our thoughts and minds an inde- finable pleasure, a loftiness of sentiment difficult to conceive of, and impossible to express."
Here follows a relation of the entry of the squadron of boats from Havre, which arrived at the time of the fête.
By the same papers we learn of the arrival of the famous Major Horneman at London, from the interior of Africa—who has made great dis- coveries, and has been received with great eclat.
* A French battalion is about 1200 men, with the horse, the army must have been near 90,000 in number.
† In the original "made his appearance," but as the writer had seated him before, I took the freedom of departing from the French in this in- stance. Translater.
‡ Names famous in the history of France.
NEW-YORK, Oct. 15.
Glasgow papers to the 21st August, inclusive, are re- ceived at the office of the Mercantile Advertiser, by the ship Fætor from Greenock. They contain Lon- don intelligence to the 17th, one day later than our former advices; but nothing of moment. The fol- lowing are the most prominent articles:
GREENOCK, Aug. 21.
Since our last, very little has occurred of material public importance. Invasion continues to be the order of the day on both sides of the Channel. The Empe- ror is embarking and disembarking on the one side; whilst our illustrious Commander in Chief is equal- ly busy, in reviewing and setting in array, on the other.
The Hamburg mail due on Sunday arrived on Friday morning.
It appears that the fleet under Lord Nelson, has been annoying the enemy near Marfeilles. The at- tempt made by them in their accounts, to disguise the fact, only tends to confirm it. He has captured and burnt 5 Genoese ships; and taken possession of the largest of the Hieries Islands to the south of Toulon, with 1800 men and 18 pieces of cannon, and established there an hospital for six hundred sailors. The fleet of Admiral Nelson off Toulon consists of 27 sail.
By this Mail the following statement has been re- ceived of the force of the Russian Imperial Army; exclu- sive of 18770 invalids, it consists in the whole of 493,859 men, among which 42,919 are artillerymen, 70,884 soldiers in garrison, 319,125 field infantry, 49,738 cavalry, 9,983 foot guards, & 3,316 horse guards.
LONDON, Aug. 16—17.
Dispatches have been received at the Admiralty from Lord Nelson and a number of private Letters are in Town down to the first of July, which state, that the French fleet in Toulon is apparently ready for sea.
Dispatches were on Wednesday received at the Admiralty from Sir James Saumarez, at Jersey, which state, that an expectation was daily entertained of an attack from the Enemy, several movements having of late been observed to have taken place. Dispatches were also received from Admiral Thornborough, dated off the Texel, the 11th inst. The Enemy remained nearly in the same position as they did when the previous accounts were transmitted.
Dispatches were on Wednesday received from the Breft squadron. The enemy, we learn, are still in the outer harbor, watching an opportunity to es- cape, which, if the elements do not interfere, we trust that the vigilance and seamanship of our squadron will not afford them.
Some of our cruizers off the coast of Holland and Flanders last week looked into the Roads of Flushing and Ostend. In the former, were 34 vessels of different descriptions; and, in the latter, fifty-six were counted, mostly gun-boats and cutters, as all transports had been removed into the canal coming from Bruges, and their number could not therefore be ascertained. Information has been received, that forty-four more gun-boats and flat-bottomed boats, built upon the banks of Moselle, had descended the Rhine, and were in the waters of Holland, and would probably in a week arrive at Flushing, to be fitted out there. An aid-de-camp of Admiral Veubel had brought orders from General Monnet, commander of the French troops in Hol- land to hasten the departure of all armed vessels through the interior canals of Flanders. All neutral vessels from the Dutch harbors report, that the com- mon opinion in Holland is, that Bonaparte intends to
have the expedition undertaken soon; but at the same time, that his officers and men are more sanguine in their expectations of an easy conquest in this country, or speak with the same contempt of the su- perior officers, who have dared to remonstrate a- gainst a landing of an army embarked in gun-boats, unprotected by men of war, have been broken by Bo- naparte.
The Bengal fleet, consisting of seven ships, and estimated at 2,000,000, is expected to arrive before 1st of next month, and no apprehensions are now entertain- ed of its design to quit Bengal early in the ensuing season.
The Court of directors of the East India House have voted the following sums to the Captains, Offi- cers, and Seamen of the China fleet, for their gal- lant conduct for beating off the French squadron un- der Admiral Linois:
To capt. Dance 2000 guineas and a piece of plate value 300 guineas; capt. Timens 1000 guineas, plate 100; capt. Henry, Wilton, Farquharson, Tu- riu, Clarke, Menton, Wordsworth, Kirkpatrick, Ha- milton, Farrer, Pennycuick, Brown, Larkins, and Lukner, 400 each, plate 50; chief officers 150 guineas; second do. 125; third, fourth, fifth, and sixth, 80; sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, 50 each; midshipmen 30; other petty officers, 18; seamen, ordinary seamen, and servants, 6.
Lieutenant Fowler, passenger on the Camden, capt. Dance, for the services he rendered, 300 guineas for a piece of plate.
The value of the fleet thus saved, on an estimate made by the Supercargoes, including the private as well as the public investments, appear to be above 8,000,000 sterling.
The courts in addition to the above bounty to the officers and crew, have resolved, that the usual gratuity of 30l. and a pension from the Popular Fund shall be granted to the nearest relative of the seamen who fell in the action with Linois.
Wednesday night Monsieur the 5th inst. were received, but they bring very little intelligence. Bo- naparte continued on the Coast as late as the first inst.; reviewed the Troops destined for the In- vasion of this Country; he was at Ambleteux on that day.
It is stated in the Moniteur of the 4th, that Ibrahim Bey, at the head of the Mamelukes, had made him- self master of Boulaq and Old Cairo.
Private letters have been received by the Hamburg Mail, which state, that the French, having failed in their attempts to raise a loan in Bremen, had actually blocked that City and had threatened, if the money was not immediately advanced, to raise it by Military execution.
Application has also been made to the city of Lu- bec for a loan which has been refused. These out- rages of the French must accelerate that Confederacy of the Northern Powers of which Bonaparte seems to feel such an apprehension; and the circumstance of Louis the XVIII having left Warlaw leads us to sup- pose that the Emperor of Russia will very soon take a decided part against France.
The king of Sweden is arrived at Pultnitz. Bonaparte is expected at Antwerp.
By the ship Sophrona from Bordeaux we have received Paris papers to the 18th August, inclusive. They are filled principally with accounts of the re- ception of Bonaparte at the different towns on the coast, which he is visiting for the purpose of inspect- ing the troops composing the army of invasion; and with addresses to the different branches of the Impe- rial family, conceived in terms of the most servile adu- lation. Indeed we have discovered very few ar- ticles worth translating.
The minister of the interior, Chaptal, has given in his resignation. M. Champagny is appointed his successor; and the papers of his office are in the mean time confided to M. Portalis.
The feast of Saint-Napoleon was celebrated with very great splendour on the 15th at Bologna, in presence of the Emperor, by the United Camps of Montreuil, St. Omer, &c. and the whole of the army in that quarter.
N. Y. Merc. Adv.
We have the pleasure of announcing the re- turn of Cadwallader D. Colden Esq. who arrived here yesterday from the ship Sophrona, from Bordeaux. Mr. Colden has been absent some time on his travels through Europe, for the ben- efit of his health; and we have the happiness of stating, that he has so far recovered as to be able to resume his valuable labours at the bar.
Mr. Colden is the bearer of governmental dispatches from our Minister at Paris.
By the ship Sophrona, the Editors of this Ga- zette have received Paris papers to the 18th of August; but they contain no news of moment. We have however, made a few Extracts. We are verbally informed, that Bonaparte was ex- tremely unpopular in France.
The Paris papers state, that Bonaparte was on the coast, reviewing the troops. He had left Dunkirk, and after passing through Furnes and Nieuport, arrived at Ostend. During the whole of the day when he was reviewing the troops at the latter place, the rain fell in torrents; the manoeuvres, notwithstanding, continued as if it were the finest weather in the world.
At Boulogne, the 15th of August, the Empe- ror was to distribute the decorations of the leg- ion of honor to those members of it who belong to the army and flotilla.—His throne was to be elevated in the middle of a square battalion, formed by a hundred thousand troops!
N. Y. Gazette.
CORFU, July 2.—War has broke out in Greece. The troops of Ali-Pacha have been beaten by the natives of the country. Large quantities of gunpowder have been sent from Corfu to Parga. The garrison of Corfu makes no secret of the succour it grants to the insur- gents.
Major Christachi, who commands the Alban- ese in the pay of the Republic of the Seven Islands, is set off for Parga.—On the other side, the Republic of the Seven Islands has demanded that Parga, Voniza, and Butrintum be occupied by the Russian troops; but although it is said, The Republic of the Seven Islands, the Senate has nothing to do in the affair, although every thing is transacted under its name. [Moniteur.]
The Emperor of Germany had not received a categorical answer from Russia, relative to ac- knowledging the new Emperor of the French. He had, however, sent new credentials for his Ambassador at Paris. The official Gazettes of Peterburgh and Vienna had not yet bestowed a- ny title on the new Emperor.
Under the Hamburg head of the third August it is said that Marshal Bernadotte had just made a demand of a million on that town and of 600,000 marches banco on that of Bremen by way of loan. On this subject a deputation was sent to Paris.
PARIS, August 11.
Mr. Chaptal having resigned the office of Minister of the Interior, Mr. Champagny, Am- bassador at Vienna, has been appointed Minister of that Department. The Portfolio has been entrusted pro interim, to Mr. Portalis, Minister of Worship.
Letter from His Majesty to Mr. Chaptal. Mr. Chaptal, Minister of the Interior, I am sorry to learn your intentions to quit the Ministry of the Interior; in order to devote yourself en- tirely to the sciences.—You will deliver your Portfolio to M. Portalis, Minister of Worship, who will hold it until I have decisively provid- ed for that department. Wishing to give you a proof of my satisfaction with your services, I have nominated you Senator. I do those eminent functions which leave you more time to bestow
on your labor for the prosperity of our arts, and the progress of our manufacturing industry, you will render useful services to the state and myself. I pray God to have you in his holy keeping.
Calais, 18th Thermidor, year 12. (Signed) NAPOLEON.
VIENNA, July 19.
The emperor has added to his Austrian do- mains the city of Lindau, which he had purchas- ed with a very considerable territory, and our government is actually bargaining for Kempten. These arrangements afford room for much speculation in Germany. Some say it is contra- ry to the constitution of the empire that one power, by particular treaties, should derange the equilibrium of Germany; which in thus pro- curing to itself particular principalities restrains neighbouring possessors from treating in their turn. It may appear too that Germany shall insensibly reduce herself to a small number of powers, and that one day she will be divided between two or three. The true sovereign of Germany, however, is the Germanic body. It is contrary to every principle that one power should augment or lessen the number of inde- pendent parts without the concurrence of the sovereign.
Lindau is an excellent acquisition: it is situate in the middle of the lake of Constance, and will be very useful to the armed Austrians. Con- sidering this acquisition under this point of view, one fears that it may occasion inquietudes to France which cannot but increase, if, as is said, Austria be upon the point of acquiring other possessions, and of concluding treaties to aug- ment those which she has in Sonable. Many are disposed to think that Austria and France have equally gained in distancing their reciprocal fron- tiers, and that Austria was politically wrong in wishing to approach them. [Moniteur.]
According to the military almanac of Russia the force of the empire consisted, on the first of January, in the number of the following troops:
   Officers. Privates.     Cavalry guards, 114 3316   Infantry, 275 9905   Field cavalry 2102 49758   Infantry 6303 219125   Troops in garrison 1727 70884   Artillery 1074 42919   Invalids 1160 11770   Irregular troops 2212 98257   Which form a total of 493,544 individuals   carrying arms, not including the invalids.  
VIENNA, Aug. 2.—Our Court has for the second time endeavoured to learn the sentiments of the Ca- binet of Peterburgh, relative to acknowledging the title of the new Emperor of the French. It has not, however, as yet, received any categorical reply, on that head, in consequence of which, it appears, that considering itself dispensed from rendering its own deliberations subordinate to diplomatic formalities, the slowness of which might prove prejudicial to its interest, a Courier was dispatched from hence for Paris, a few days since, carrying with him the new credentials for our Ambassador, M. le Comte de Co- benzel.
Hitherto the official gazettes of Peterburgh and Vienna bestow no title whatever on the Emperor Na- poleon, naming him simply Bonaparte. Fortunatel- y it is a name which stands in no want of titles and epithets: and no act of contempt can result from it in the act of diplomacy.
From the Borders of the Mein, Aug. 4. Mr. Paget the Minister at Vienna, had as is well known, received permission from his court to return to his country; he was already preparing to set off to Holstein, where he was to have embarked, when a new courier charged, they say, with important dis- patches, brought him orders to prolong his stay at Vienna. It is remarked that since the arrival of this courier, he had frequent interviews with the Minis- try of Vienna, but their object is absolutely unknown to the public.
The news of the retreat of the Count de Haug- witz from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Prussia is certain: he is replaced by the Baron de Harden- berg.
DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
Most of our readers will probably recollect, that on Tuesday the 9th of the present month, we experienced in this state a very violent gust of wind, which continued during the whole day, and a part of the succeeding night. The effects of this storm were more destructive farther to the north, as the following account from the Boston Gazette will sufficiently illustrate.
In exploring the physical Phenomena of a country, the nature of its climate has always constituted an important enquiry: and the cur- rents of its winds, whether constant, periodical, or variable, have generally embraced an im- portant part of these researches. The follow- ing plan is respectfully submitted to the con- sideration of the different editors in the United States. Should it be adopted, it will no doubt multiply the facts, which are essential to a com- plete comprehension of this subject; and when these facts shall be sufficiently extended and ac- certained they will enable some competent en- quirer to extract from them a suitable theory for explaining the Phenomena of the world.
 1st. When a violent wind arises in the town, which he inhabits, let him carefully note down.  2nd. The direction, in which it blows.  3rd. The times, when it rises and when it ceases.  4th. The changes which succeed to it.  5th. If he has an anemoscope, or instrument to measure the force of the wind, let him mark the number of its revolutions. 
Let all these facts be published. On this subject, I would refer the reader to the 36th letter in Dr. Franklin's philosophical works.
TREMENDOUS STORM.
On Tuesday morning last, a most violent storm commenced in this place, and continued its destruc- tive career, until about 5 o'clock on Wednesday morning. The wind blew at first from S. S. E. then shifted to E. increasing its power until about 3 o'clock, when it abated for a few moments, and then veered to N. E. From this quarter, the gale blew with a violence and fury unprecedented in the annals of this town. The damage which has been sustained by this tremendous hurricane, cannot at present be estimated; but is very great and extensive. We have taken some pains to collect the particulars, and subjoin the following as a statement, which though it may not embrace every item, is not deficient in an- y essential point.
From Charlestown Bridge, to North Battery wharf, no essential damage done, except the blowing down of Messrs. Revere's furnace, and the loss of several pleasure boats and other small craft, lumber, &c.
At North Battery wharf, the brig Aurora was considerably injured; and some small craft bilged or flunk.
At May's wharf the ship Franklin, belonging to Mr. Scobie, lost her main-top-mast, and

A letter has been received in town from the city of Santo Domingo dated August 11th, which mentions the arrival there of two frigates from France, having in company an English frigate, captured on the passage. The letter also notices the arrival of a reinforcement of 350 regular troops.
[N. Y. Mer. Adv.]
On Saturday morning was launched from the yard of Mr. Phileas Southwick, a beautiful Schooner, of 160 tons, to be called the Richmond , and intended for the Virginia trade. She is the property of Mr. Perrigrine H. Wharton.
[Phil. Reg.]
HARRY TOULMIN, Esq. late Secretary of the State of Kentucky, is appointed by the President of the United States, a Judge of the Mississippi Territory.— Kentucky Palladium Oct. 6.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE DAILY ADVERTISER.
Sir, In the following communication, the situation, mode of managing, and effects of an explosion of the magazine of Gun Powder at Brooklyn, are fully and candidly detailed, by an able and judicious observer—and I do venture to affirm without the least malevolence whatever against its proprietors.
The communication was handed to me by a gentleman, to be applied in such manner as might be a warning to the community at large, but more especially to the inhabitants of Brooklyn and New-York, and by this means, convince the public that this magazine of powder is a nuisance, and that too a very serious and alarming one, which ought to be removed without the least delay. As there has been much said on this subject, I presume enough to convince any reasonable person, I shall only submit a brief sketch of some few explosions that have occurred.
In the island of Jamaica, (W. I.) there have been two explosions of magazines of powder, the first in the year 1766 of Fort Mufquito; the second in Fort Augusta, in the year 1782; this last explosion was highly alarming, and destroyed the lives of most of the garrison. At the explosion, the earth opened beneath where the magazine stood, and water issued from the cavities—these two explosions were occasioned by lightning. Two explosions of powder mills at Hounslow Heath, in England, both of which did considerable damage to the town of Hounslow, which is supposed to be at the distance of two miles. There are gentlemen here who saw the buildings in that town levelled with the ground, by those explosions. I will venture to say, those mills never were permitted by an act of parliament, to contain at one time the twentieth part of powder which the powder house at Brooklyn contains, judging it to contain on an average from 100 to 120 thousand weight.
A magazine of powder was blown up in the year 1780, about five miles from Breft, in France, which destroyed the buildings from two to three miles around. Tore up by the roots, trees and vegetables at a great distance, and had the effect of inundating the ground with water where the magazine stood, as happened at Fort Augusta, in Jamaica. This last explosion was occasioned by an accident, the particulars of which are not known.
The daily Advertiser of the 27th ult. states the great dread the inhabitants of Helier, in the island of Jersey, were in for fear of being blown up from their magazine taking fire. I presume these fears were not that the magazine would blow up, but probably destroy every thing on the face of the island.
I cannot help noticing Mr. La Carrien's just ideas of the explosion of powder in his late publication in the Evening Post, concerning the New City Hall, wherein he mentions that one single cask of powder might do immense injury at the distance of about 900 feet.
This brief statement of a number of explosions, and the effect, resulting therefrom can be verified by gentlemen who have been witnesses to the facts.
AN OBSERVER.
COMMUNICATION.
The particular attention of the inhabitants of Brooklyn, as well as those of New-York, is requested to the following Communication, as it involves a subject with which not only the preservation of their property, but of their lives, is intimately connected.
A Powder Magazine has been lately erected in the town of Brooklyn, (and that too within the limits of the fire district,) in direct opposition to the wishes of the inhabitants of that place. During the time that the carpenters were at work upon this building, and just before the completion, their tools and a variety of iron utensils, such as nails, spikes, bolts, &c. were indiscriminately thrown about the different apartments, when at that very moment no less than 80,000 weight of powder was deposited within its walls, and carts were constantly employed in adding to the quantity. The Magazine, under the direction of the Corporation of New-York, is not supposed to contain one tenth part of the quantity of powder which is generally stored in the Powder-house at Brooklyn; and it ought to be observed, in justification of the former, that it is erected at a suitable distance from the city, and is under proper regulations; but this, as will afterwards appear, is very far from being the case with that which is now under consideration. Another very important difference between the Powder-house on York Island, and that at Brooklyn, is that the one is established with the view of guarding and defending our rights as a nation, whereas the other is merely instituted for the purposes of individual interest and of private fortification. The dimensions of this Magazine are 30 by 40 feet; it is two stories high, its sides and end walls are of Newark stone, its roof is covered with slate, and the lower floor is about 10 inches above the surface of the ground. The floor of the second floor is made of plank, and secured by large iron nails; there are four doors to the Magazine, two in front and two in rear of the building, each of which contains two iron hinges four feet long by half an inch thick, with large staples extending through the walls; they have also large iron rivets through them with flat heads for the purpose (we presume) of securing the inner fastenings; they are constructed of double plank with one iron lock, and each door is almost covered with nails driven so as to form diamond squares which are about two inches distant from each other. There have of late been erected at each end of the Magazine two lightning rods which are supported by pieces of old timber, and we very much doubt whether they extend a sufficient depth into the ground to communicate with moist or wet earth in a dry season, or as to answer any useful purpose as conductors. It is also of importance that the public should be informed in what manner the powder is landed at our town from on board of shipping. The importer or consignee knowing such powder to have arrived, applies to the owner of the Magazine for storage, which of course is readily granted. When powder is unloading from vessels (which generally lie in the stream), it is stowed away by the ferrymen in their horse boats, with a degree of carelessness totally incredible. After the boat has received her load (which usually consists of from 5 to 600 casks) she then proceeds to some one of the
docks at Brooklyn, where she is unloaded in the same manner as if her cargo consisted of corded wood. We may fancy and justly conclude that this Magazine contains from 100,000 to 120,000 weight of gunpowder on an average throughout the year; it has no guard, nor is it even inclosed by a fence. In the case of the two former Magazines it is a fact well known that boys were in the habit of coming from New-York, in order to collect the loose powder for the purposes of explosion, and that too within a short distance from the building. Why may not this again occur to the New Magazine now under consideration, which in a peculiar manner invites the villainous attempts of incendiaries, in consequence of a tar house which is in the neighborhood adjoining a rope-walk, not more than 300 yards distant. Let us but for a moment reflect on the consternation which must necessarily be excited, should this tar house happen to take fire and communicate it to the rope-walk, especially under circumstances where not a bucketful of water could be obtained. It is supposed by some scientific gentlemen that there is a mineral vein or stratum running thro' Brooklyn Heights, very near if not directly under the Magazine. It can be proved that lightning has several times struck near this building. One of the old Powder-houses had its rod struck by lightning not long ago, as was acknowledged by one of its proprietors. This was condemned as a nuisance, and ordered to be removed although considerably farther from the town of Brooklyn than that which is at present the subject of our attention. Here, no kind of caution is exercised either in the deposition or the removal of powder. Persons employed for this purpose consist generally of Cartmen, some of whom have nails drove in the bottom of their shoes, with various other articles of a metallic nature about them, while at work in the magazine. They seldom place one cask gently along side the others, but throw them about in a most shameful manner, so that their contact is always attended with a greater or less degree of violence. The common and indeed the only mode of carrying powder to, or removing it from the magazine is by means of the ordinary iron-tired, and almost worn out carts, the wood of which being in a great measure destroyed, the iron is left projecting a considerable distance beyond its surface. The powder is carted in this manner without a covering of any kind.
This powder house is situated in the town of Brooklyn, about one fourth part of a mile distant from the most thick settled part of it, though much nearer to many of the inhabitants who live in more scattered directions, and one and a fourth miles from the city of New-York. From this account of the state of the magazine at Brooklyn, it is evident that not only that town, but that more or less of New-York itself would be levelled to the ground, should the powder it contains from any cause whatever take fire. Some people imagine that no very serious consequences can arise from the explosion of any quantity of powder whatever, provided it be not compressed. But that this idea is altogether erroneous may be easily proved, by recurring to various instances of the dreadful effects it has produced when unconfined. If 500 pounds of powder, enclosed simply in a bag, were capable of demolishing so much of the strong walls which surrounded Montevideo as to admit the entrance of three men abreast, and to throw its heavy gates to a very considerable distance, what may we suppose would have been the consequence even to the town itself had 80, or 100,000 pounds been exploded. Independent of the danger arising from the sparks produced by the concussion of metallic substances, dreadful accidents may sometimes occur from a negligent manner of moving those casks which are filled with powder. The heat generated by moving a large body of gun powder on any hard substance is sometimes sufficiently great to set it on fire. It has happened in the manufacturing of this material that during the process of grinding, the runners and bed stones coming in contact have procured an explosion. In these cases, the mill is almost uniformly destroyed.—We find recorded an instance where not only the mill in which the manufacturer was going on, was blown to pieces, but likewise the doors and windows of the mills on the opposite side of the stream were burst open, the nails drawn, and the other iron work entirely destroyed. It is to be remembered that more than 40 or 50 pounds of the composition necessary to form gun powder are never worked between the stones at one time.
In order to form some idea of the dreadful concussion which must necessarily be produced on surrounding objects by the violent expansion of the elastic fluids or gases generated during the explosion of gun powder, we have only to refer to the well instituted experiments of Count Rumford, who calculated this force with considerable accuracy, and which he found to be no less than 55,004 times greater than the ordinary pressure at the atmosphere, a force sufficient to prove instantly destructive to every thing that opposed it. It has been suggested by some that should a spark of fire by any accident light upon a mass of powder, no very serious consequences would result, provided such mass was not in contact with other packages of the same material. This however is equally delusive with the other suppositions already noticed, it has been proved by experiment that one keg of powder set on fire will inflame another keg, although they may be a considerable distance from each other. Monsieur Dulacq in his attempts to ascertain the force of the expansion of gun powder has shown that the flame which arises from any quantity of it when fired occupies a space 4,000 times greater than that previously held by the powder. So that take what quantity of powder we please and set it on fire it immediately becomes increased to 4,000 times its former bulk. Mr. Thomson has also ascertained a very singular and important fact relative to gun powder, viz. that the heat communicated by it when burning while slightly confined is much greater than when strongly compressed; under these circumstances it has been calculated to be no less than four times that of red hot iron. Upon the whole we cannot but conclude that when the singularly terrific consequences arising from an inflammation of a large mass of gun powder will be duly considered, especially when we reflect upon the facility with which such inflammation may be induced by various causes, every reasonable man will heartily unite with us in opinion that a building destined for the reception of so destructive an agent should be immediately removed to some more solitary spot. So fully are the people of Great Britain aware of the danger arising from the permission of powder magazines that we find even as long ago as during the reigns of George I. and II. the most precise regulations on this subject. It was ordained that gun powder should be always carried in covered carriages, in barrels closely jointed, or in casks or bags of leather.
WILLIAM JONES of Philadelphia, and NEIL MCCOUL of Richmond, being appointed to settle the business of Refs and Ford, the collection of the debts due on Neil McCoul—also requests those indebted to come forward and give assurances, of when payment may be expected, as it is his duty to commence suits immediately against those who do not.
WILLIAM JONES. NEIL MCCOUL.
MISCELLANEOUS.
THE WINTER'S DAY.
Delineated in twelve Prints, engraved by Caroline Watson.
The superior taste and talent which has been displayed by the female of the present age, in the various departments of the Fine Arts, is universally admitted. To display an example of this, Mr. Ackerman has just published, price 21s. a book of prints, comprising the united powers of three ladies, deservedly eminent in their respective walks. The designs, which are made by Maria Cosway, and engraved in a quart. by Caroline Watson, are built upon the poetry of Mrs. Robinson. From the union of three such names, we expected something striking—and we have not been disappointed.
The impressions are taken off on brown drawing paper, and have a very good effect. To enter into a minute analysis of them is not necessary, but as each print is contrasted by one of an opposite tendency, thus dividing the twelve into six pair, each of which forms a striking antithesis to its companion, we shall add to the series a general description of the subjects.
No. 1. "Is it in Mansions rich and gay, On downy beds or couches warm, That Nature owns the winter's day, And shrinks to hear the howling storm? Ah! No!"
No. 2. "Tis on the bleak and barren heath, Where Misery feels the blast of death, As to the dark and freezing grave, Her children, (not a friend to save) Unheeded go!"
The first of these prints represents a woman of fashion, in a room superbly furnished, reclined upon a couch near a blazing fire, before which, on a tasteful cushion, lies a little French lap-dog. The felicitous curtain over the fire, the Etruscan ornaments on the chimney-piece, and the decorations of the toilet-table, exhibit a good picture of the interior splendour of a fashionable dwelling room.
To this ostentatious display of the enervating comforts of modern opulence, the next picture exhibits a striking contrast. It presents to us a poor bare footed and unaccommodated outcast of society, seated on the cold earth, in the midst of a barren heath, far from the busy haunts of men, and exposed "to the pelting of the pitiless storm;" her basket of ballads by her side; one of her children crept shivering under her scanty cloak, and the other dead at her feet.
No. 3. "Is it in chambers silken-dress'd, At tables which profusion heap, Is it on pillows soft to rest, In dreams of long and balmy sleep? Ah! No!"
No. 4. "Tis in the rushy but obscure, Where poverty's low fouls endure; And fearfully daring to repine, On a straw pallet, mute, recline, O'erwhelm'd with woe."
In No. 3, the fair artist has delineated a Woman of fashion at her matin Meal, which she takes while she is in bed, attended by her waiting-maid, and surrounded by her children, with a well spread breakfast table and comfortable fire. As an ornamental cloak is displayed on the chimney-piece, Mrs. Cosway might have marked the hour at which our people of the ton begin what they call their day.
In opposition to this, we have in No. 4 a poor half-naked family employed in their daily labour, which so far from furnishing them with any of the comforts hardly supplies them with the necessaries of life.
No. 5. "Is it to saunt in warm attire, To laugh, and feast, and dance, and sing, To crowd around the blazing fire, And make the roof with revels ring? Ah! No!"
No. 6. "Tis on the prison's flinty floor, 'Tis where the deafening whirlwinds roar, 'Tis when the sea-bay on the mast, Hears the wave bounding to the blast, And looks below!"
As song and dance is so much the business of the present race of fashionables, there is some propriety in representing such a party to employed.
This is contrasted in the companion print, by the horrors of a prison, to the floor of which a poor old man is chained accompanied by a young female, who we may suppose is his daughter, kneeling, lifting up her eyes to heaven, and praying for his deliverance. Through the iron grating of the prison, we have a view of a vessel in a thunder-storm.
No. 7. "Is it beneath the taper's ray The banquet's luxury to share, And waste the midnight hours away, With fashion's idle votaries there? Ah! No!"
No. 8. "Tis in the cheerless naked room, Where misery's victims wait their doom, Where a fond mother famish'd dies While forth a frantic father flies Man's desperate foe."
No. 7. may possibly be the view of a fashionable breakfast, where profusion pours her copious stores. This luxurious prodigality is in the next print, contrasted by a beautiful female, sunk to the floor, exhausted by hunger, and perishing—while a naked infant is seeking nourishment from her breast and the frantic father rushing out of the room, as Mrs. Robinson has well described him— Man's desperate foe!
No. 9. "Is it to lavish fortune's store In vain, fantastic, empty joys? To scatter round the glittering ore, And worship folly's gilded toys? Ah! No!"
No. 10. "Tis in the silent floor obscure, Where, fed at all sorrows to endure, Pale Genius turns, Oh! I often fad! To count the vain, and on the bad False praise bestow!"
In No. 9 we have a number of female fashionables purchasing finery from a milliner; and in No. 10 an allegorical figure of Genius contemplating the base of a lofty column, on which we may suppose there will be inscribed a false panegyric.
No. 11. "Is it where gamblers', thronging round Their thinning heaps of wealth display? Where vice's fashion'd tribes are found, Sporting their senseless hours away? Ah! No!"
No. 12. "Tis where neglected Merit sighs, Where Hope exhausted, silent dies, Where spite starves by pride oppress'd, Till every bream that warms the breast Forbears to flow!"
In No. 11, we have the representation of a fashionable party, eagerly attempting to plunder each other at a gaming table, to which
With equal haste they run, Some to undo, and to be undone.
The last picture is allegorical, and as clear as allegorical pictures usually are; though we cannot well conceive how the peacock, which is introduced as the representative of Pride, can have oppressed merit.
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION.
LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.
From a correspondent in London, we have been lately furnished with the following interesting information:
"After quoting a suitable portion of this letter to the Political Rate of the country, some remarks on
its Literature will not prove unacceptable. You may no doubt have heard that the celebrated Southey has employed his talents for some time past in composing an Epic Poem, founded on the pretended exploits of Madox, the Welsh Navigator, who is supposed to have discovered America several centuries before the birth of Columbus. This work has already appeared, and adds no insignificant wealth to that immortal crown of glory, which the whole literary world has unanimously decreed him. The poem is contained in twenty-four books, and is, in my opinion, infinitely superior to the fame Author's Yarmouth . But what will surprise, and since you are a Student at Law, what may afford you much greater pleasure, is a publication, not many days out, under the title of
COMMENTARIES
ON THE LAWS OF ENGLAND,
Verified by EDWARD LEICOME—from the text of Sir WILLIAM BLACKSTONE.
"The motives for such an extraordinary publication will be best explained by the Translator himself from whose preface I shall make a short extract, requesting at the same time, your countenance that no opportunity shall be lost of transmitting a copy for your perusal.
"The advantages," continues Mr. Leicome, after enumerating the difficulties attendant on his arduous undertaking "must be obvious at the first sight, to the meanest capacity. The utility of verse in the communication of knowledge is really incalculable—it aids to the memory is inconceivable, in rendering the recollection of what we would wish to retain far easier than any other mode which has been yet adopted. This important truth has been incontrovertibly established by the experience and approbation of every succeeding age. Another important reason for which I was induced to undertake this work, is the preference which youthful minds generally give to poetical ornament—After dwelling on the majestic and sublime descriptions of Homer and the Mantuan Bard, and other pleasing pursuits which precede the study of the law, the Student enters with disappointment on the dry and unentertaining doctrines of Jurisprudence, and pursues them often with disgust. I hope in some measure to obviate this serious inconvenience, by clothing in verse the Lectures of Sir William Blackstone, which is generally the first book that is put into the young Student's hands." Thus continues Mr. L.—But I will fill the remainder of my paper with one or two quotations from this curious work.—The first book only has yet appeared; and in the second chapter is the following paragraph, which varies very little from the text:
"Thus when the Great Unknown from nothing form'd This universe, and out of Chaos wild And Amarchy created matter, he On it impress'd fixed principles and Laws, Without whose agency 'twould cease to be, When he imparted motion to the World, Of motion he established certain Laws, To which all bodies, moveable themselves, Did erst submit. So when the artist forms Of wondrous mechanism, the little Watch, Whose faithful hand describes the varying hour, So long as faithful to the laws prescrib'd, Its operations prove; it moves complete, And answers every end for which 'twas form'd."
And in chapter 9, book 1st, are the following remarks on the Statute of Elizabeth, for Provision for the Poor:
"Whereas, if only they whom cheerless want And poverty with all its woes deploys— If only they who, heirs to Misery, Ne'er knew the comfort of a wintry garb, Were clothed, and for their labour amply paid, Soon industry would find in every cot, And sweet Contentment on each feature beam; The humble Peasant would no more repine, But work with pleasure at his daily task; No murmurs would the bilious Swain express, Nor e'er disquietude his rest disturb. Well would he know, that when the hand of time Had fatter'd o'er his head the frost of age, Or weakness had enfeebled every limb, Then and then only, would the rich stretch forth The fostering hand of comfort and of ease; Or when the tender spring of Innocence and Youth Forbid his offspring for themselves to toil, Mild Charity would for each want provide, And watch them with a Parent's gentle care."
ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND:
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1804.
The paper on which the Enquirer has been hitherto printed, was purchased from Samuel Campbell & Co. of New-York. One hundred reams only were procured at that time; and these seemed to be no reasonable ground of apprehension that a further supply might be at any moment obtained, when our necessities required it. The devouring element of fire, however, which has so often reversed the fairest prospects of man, has also destroyed our own reasonable expectations. The Paper-Mill of Mr. Samuel Campbell, at Springfield, N. J. with all the stock and materials on hand materials on hand, has been reduced to ashes, and it was our lot to announce, in the very first number of our paper, this unfortunate catastrophe.—It thus became our duty to form other arrangements for the obtaining of a new supply of paper, not inferior to the former in size and quality. On this subject we corresponded with Mr. Campbell's agent in N. York, and with the Mr. Bradfords of Philadelphia.—But all our exertions were in vain. We were unable to obtain a new paper, which was altogether equal to the former. The paper-mills could not furnish us with a paper of equal size and superior quality, to the one on which the present number of the Enquirer is printed.—This paper is evidently inferior in the fineness of its texture to the paper which has been hitherto used; but it is believed to be equal to the finest paper on which any of the public prints in the U. States is published. In one respect indeed, the present is superior to our former paper; its texture is not so fine & polished, but it is evidently much stronger and much better fitted to encounter all the accidents of the mail, exposed as it so frequently is to the rain, and to the injudicious and rough treatment of its carriers.
The assertion made in the 3d. No. of the "Views on the Rubicon" that the value of exports to Spain was the highest on the list of exports from this country, was entirely an erratum of the press. It should have been stated that it "was the third highest on the list of exports."
TO THE DIRECTORS OF THE VIRGINIA BANK AT RICHMOND:
SIRS,
In all societies and co-partnerships harmony is deemed as essential to prosperity; but such is the frailty of our nature, that to gratify propensities for usurpation and government, we oft lose sight of that amiable and desirable object. This reflection was induced by the conduct of the Directors at a late meeting in this city on the subject of Bank Regulations. If I am correctly informed, many of you urged the propriety, perhaps necessity, of having the Cashiers for the Branch Banks chosen by your own body.—Was it delicate, was it lawful for you to have attempted such a regulation? I am aware that the language ofasperity is not the best adapted to produce conviction on the intelligent mind, and that it only rivets the ignorant and obdurate to their false opinions. Yet I must be pardoned
for asking you if a claim to independent , nay independent and unfounded , was ever before made under a law, the meaning of which was so obvious? Ignorant of the person, whose vain ingenuity first suggested, and those who supported this step at usurpation, I cannot be suspected of other motives than such as the reason of the case and the law warrant. In the investigation of this subject, it may not be improper to premise, that the establishment of this Bank is founded on a solemn law of the Virginia legislature , which altho' it allows of bye laws and regulations for the well ordering the affairs of the bank, it likewise forbids any infringement of the law of the state ; from which it follows, that the Stockholders, Directors, and all the Officers united, are not competent, by any regulation, compromise, or establishment, to the least violation of the Charter which incorporates them. Reading the law we find, sec. 5, that 14 Directors, with the Treasurer, are chosen for "well ordering the affairs of this corporation," and that Directors for the Branches are to be chosen in their manner with those at Richmond; who, at their first meeting subsequent to the election, are to select a President from their own body.—Then follows a proviso , declaring that the first election shall be regulated as after directed. In the latter part of sec. 6, the exception above alluded to is wisely provided for, as is evident from the Bank's commencing its operation much earlier than would have been the case, had they waited the general election. But fortunately for our May-Day-Directors , their office and special duties ceased with the election. The circumstances which rendered an exception in their favor no longer existing, their exclusive dignities live not beyond the first day of January 1805; or rather such as exist in favor of the Richmond Directors are so minutely delineated as not to admit of doubt. However mortifying it may be thus suddenly to be deprived of the power and pride of office, yet the law has so pronounced it; you must submit: and at this new era of things, permit me to hope, that idle ambition will cease to trouble .
Before I proceed further with the law, it may be well to remark, that in all cases where by the act duties are imposed or privileges given to the Richmond Directors subsequent to the first election, they are specially designated as the 14 Directors , or the Directors aforesaid , or some descriptive expression is adopted to distinguish them from the other Directors, and in all cases where the term Directors is used generally, it includes not only those of the Richmond Bank, but all who are requisite at the Branches as at this place. What construction then shall be put on the 7th section? which is—"And be it further enacted, That the directors for the time being, shall have power to appoint such officers, clerks and servants under them, as shall be necessary for executing the business of the said corporation; and to allow them such compensation for their services respectively, as shall be reasonable; and shall be capable of exercising all such powers and authorities for the well-governing the affairs of the said corporation, as shall be prescribed by the Laws, Ordinances and Regulations of the same ." Will any reasonable man say that the expression Directors for the time being , is limited to the 14 Directors and Treasurer? If such be the correct doctrine, then you are bound under the express words of the law , to only choose the Cashier , but you are equally bound to choose every other officer of the Branches, for the words such officers as shall be necessary , includes all who are necessary; and it is equally true, that you, and you alone, must fix the salaries of all the officers . The language of the law admits not of a doubt; it is also positive, and being so, cannot be contravened even by a compromise.
If this be a correct view of the subject, & that it is I am bold to affirm, you are then placed in the dilemma of choosing every effective officer for the Branches and fixing their Salaries , which would contradict several declaratory parts of the law, or as is certainly proper, relinquish your claims and be contented to well "order the affairs of the corporation, under such agreements, and subject to such regulations as shall be deemed proper;" according to the bye laws which a meeting of Stockholders may establish, not being contrary to the law of the state. That the claim is unfounded is evident; that it would be unpolitic could be easily proven; but as more time has been already bestowed on this subject than was first intended, I shall alk a few questions, leaving the solutions to every candid mind.
1. If it is necessary that there should be a responsibility from the Branch to the Mother Bank (and that it is I admit), cannot the bye laws impose it as a duty on the proper officers by attaching a forfeiture of office to delinquency? 2. Can any kind of responsibility be conceived for the well ordering of this corporation, which the bye laws cannot reach? 3. Should the officers be chosen by the Richmond Directors what confusion may we not apprehend? 4. Should the Directors give instructions or censure their officers, are they not liable to contempt as being merely nominal directors ? 5. Would it not be degrading to the Branch Directors to have every difference with their officers adjusted by a reference to the Richmond Directors?
A thousand other views might be taken of this subject to prove the impolicy and indefeasibility of the attempt.
MERCATOR.
PHILADELPHIA, October 20.
IMPORTANT!
Extract of a letter from our Correspondent, at New-York, dated October 16, 1804.
"Intelligence is this moment received, that WAR HAS BEEN DECLARED BY THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA AGAINST FRANCE . The Iris has just arrived from London, and will probably furnish something new—as yet, we have got no later dates than the 22d of August.—She spoke the ship Orlando at sea, bound to New-York—the capt. of whom, furnished the above Intelligence.—The Iris is in the Sound, and is expected here in the course of the day."
WASHINGTON HENRY ACADEMY.
THE Trustees of the above Academy having repaired all the buildings which are now attached to that institution; consisting of a convenient dwelling house, smoke house, dairy, kitchen and school house; wish to engage for the ensuing year a teacher, capable of instructing youth in the dead languages, practical mathematics, and the English language grammatically.
On Saturday the 10th of November next a meeting of the Trustees will be had on the premises; at which time and place, gentlemen qualified as above, and desirous of obtaining the situation, are respectfully invited to attend, in order that the Trustees may select from among the candidates the one who shall be the best approved by a majority of the board.
The teacher who shall be chosen shall have appropriated to his use in addition to the above house at least 250 acres of land. The situation of Washington Henry Academy is in the centre of a populous and respectable neighbourhood, about ten miles from Richmond, is remarkably healthful, and possesses the advantage of some excellent springs of water.
THO. TINSLEY, President of the Trustees. Hanover County, October 18th, 1804. (C.W.)

FOR THE ENQUIRER.
TO THE AUTHORS OF THE "RAINBOW."
Gentlemen,
AS I highly applaud the objects of your institution, and anticipate from your labors a salutary effect on the taste and morals of our country...
of them to have purchased and perused the volume, from which it might have been extracted.
The life of this accomplished man will no doubt present the curious reader with several interesting anecdotes. Instruction however is here blended with amusement; and to the young Virginian, who calmly meditates on the incidents of Sir W. Jones's life, it will furnish some instructive and memorable lessons.
1. Several of the most accomplished young men in our state, anxious to reconcile their love of ease with the ambition for literary and scientific improvement, have attempted to propagate an opinion that study is not necessary to genius; that the mind, which is rich in native power, needs not the treasures of other minds to assist it in its progress; and that the study of books so far from adding to its maturity and knowledge, tends to repress the ardent aspirations and original reflections of genius.
2. It inculcates not merely the value of labour, but the utility of properly employing it. It teaches in other words the benefits of a proper and persevering method in the prosecution of literary labours.
3. It seems to refute an opinion, which has generally prevailed, that the graver and lighter pursuits of the mind are altogether incompatible. In the mind of Sir W. Jones, all the various combinations of thought seem to have concentrated, without mixing, confusing or interrupting each other.
4. An opinion has also prevailed, that knowledge tho' it enriches all the world beside, does not reward its possessor; that the man of wisdom is not truly happy; and that the plodding plough is a much surer instrument of enjoyment than the most learned composition.
* Sketch of the life of John Thomson.
Sir William Jones was born in the year 1746, at his father's residence in Wales. He was son to the celebrated mathematician William Jones, who was both the disciple and friend of Sir Isaac Newton...
Unfortunately, however, for the advancement of science, a fatal illness carried him off, shortly after he had put the first sheet of his work to the press; and his friend the Earl of Macclesfield, to whom he had bequeathed the manuscript, and whom he had particularly instructed to publish it, by a shameful breach of trust, lent it to an insignificant geometricalian, from whose hands it was never redeemed.
Under the guidance and tuition of such a parent, Sir William Jones's mind was easily formed to regular habits of thinking, and from him he soon caught the generous enthusiasm of literary fame. After having been instructed by his father in the rudiments of classical learning, he was placed at Harrow school, where he distinguished himself no less by his wonderful facility in acquiring the learned languages, than by his fine taste in Latin poetry.
guage, and could write it with an ease and fluency that encouraged him to address a spirited letter to Anquetil du Perron, containing severe but just strictures on that gentleman's translation of the books falsely attributed to Zoroaster...
About this time he published his commentaries on Asiatic poetry, which he had written a few years before, but which he had delayed giving to the world, until a more enlarged acquaintance with Oriental literature had fully confirmed him in his opinions on this subject.
He had determined on attaching to the profession of the law, at the age of twenty-two, and although his studies, both in general jurisprudence and in the common law of England, had been pursued with the most indefatigable diligence, he neglected not, at the same time, to give his attention to the physical sciences and to carry on with amazing rapidity, his researches into the literature of Asia.
Among his latter productions, his character of Mr. John Dunning, (Lord Ashburton) and his poem of Caissa, merit our particular praise—the former is drawn with the fervor of a friend and the correctness of a scholar; and it is as much adorned with beautiful and appropriate colouring, as it is dignified with the sobriety of truth, and chastened with the delicacies of taste.
The reputation of his genius and great learning had now spread abroad, and his acquaintance was sought after by people of the first eminence in the republic of letters. He consequently soon became known to Dr. Johnson and Sir Joshua Reynolds, who introduced him to the celebrated literary club, of which he was admitted a member.
Some time, we believe in 1783, he made the tour of France, after which he resided for a few months in Paris, where he was introduced at Court. The French monarch was much pleased with his conversation, and made many enquiries respecting some of the provinces he had travelled through, to all of which he answered in the particular dialect of each province.
In April, 1783, Sir William Jones married Miss Shipley, daughter of the late Bishop of St. Asaph, and sister to the Rev. W. D. Shipley, Dean of that diocese.
The year following, the Dean of St. Asaph was prosecuted for publishing a pamphlet entitled, "The Principles of Government, in a Dialogue between a Gentleman and a Farmer."
In the course of his voyage hither, the ship touched at Madeira—at the rugged island of Cape de Verd, and afterwards at Hinzean or Johanna, a beautiful little island situated at the north end of the Straits of Mozambique, and about one hundred miles distant from the coast of Madagascar.
He arrived at Calcutta about the beginning of October, and after having taken his seat on the bench of the Supreme Court, he lost no time in making public his plan for instituting a society at Calcutta, for the purpose of inquiring into the history, arts and sciences of Asia.
The President's chair of this society was first offered to Mr. Hastings, but on his declining it, Mr. Jones was elected perpetual President, and he delivered his preliminary discourse in February, 1784.
He was now enabled to give full scope to the excursions of his mind, and to gratify every wish of his heart. The wide and fruitful region of Asiatic learning was open before him; and the high and independent situation which he filled, gave him a commanding prospect of it, whilst he practised those laws which it was the pride of his life to cherish and revere, and administered to his fellow creatures the pure maxims of justice and truth.
He had long ardently desired to study the Sanskrit language; and this desire was considerably increased by the progress which he found Mr. Wilkins had made in that ancient idiom, & still more by this gentleman's elegant translations of the Lilavara Gesta .
He therefore commenced his studies in the Sanskrit without delay, and in the course of three years made himself so completely master of it, that the most enlightened professors of the doctrines of Bahama, "confessed," says Lord Teignmouth, in his discourse on the death of his friend, "with pride, delight and surprise, that his knowledge of their sacred dialect was most critically correct and profound."
The pertinacious and unwearied diligence with which he applied to his studies deserves to be recorded. He made a regular distribution & allotment of his time. He rose at day break & studied till breakfast time; after which, during terms, he attended his duty in the Supreme Court, from whence he returned home at three o'clock, and studied till four; he then went to dinner, where he generally held a select party of friends assembled, whom he entertained with the utmost gaiety till seven, when he returned to his literary labors, which he did not again quit till midnight.
This was the constant habit from which he
feldom or never deviated. No man enjoyed more than he did the delights of friendly intercourse, and the festive pleasures of society; but all his pleasures were subservient to the paramount gratification he derived from the great end he had in view, that of serving his country, and instructing mankind—for what Johnson says of Pope, may with strict truth be applied to him, "that he was one of those few whose labor was their pleasure."
Notwithstanding the great attention which his professional duties, and the preparation for his many valuable discourses to the Asiatic Society required, he found time to write and publish some works no less curious than important, between the years 1788 and 1798. One of these he printed at his own expence, and sold for the benefit of insolvent debtors, an action so disinterested that it will serve to do away a very erroneous notion, entertained by some people, that Sir William Jones was selfish and penurious.
But the most useful work in which he was ever engaged, and upon which therefore he was most intent, he did not live to complete. This was a copious digest of Hindu and Mahomedan laws, compiled from Sanskrit and Arabic originals. Of this he had presented a plan to government, who had given it their most liberal patronage and strenuous support.
The Pandits employed in the undertaking had concluded their part of it, and the Molavees had nearly finished the portion which it was their business to supply, when the hand of death arrested the progress of the work, and deprived society of a Sir William Jones .
In April, 1794, he was attacked with a bilious complaint, which, after a few weeks proved so obstinate, as to baffle the utmost skill of his physicians, and on Sunday morning, the 27th of the same month, he died, agreeably to the uniform tenor of his life, a Patriot , a Philosopher , and a Christian .
He was buried the day following, with all the respect belonging to his rank, and what is more valuable, with all the honors due to his virtue.
No monument has yet been erected to his memory, but we understand that a cenotaph, suitable to the high merits of his character with a Latin inscription, written by one of the first scholars* of the age, is now preparing, and will be placed in St. Paul's.
The following epitaph, which he wrote on himself, and which is as just as it is terse and classical, will doubtless be acceptable to the public:—
Here was deposited The moral part of a man Who feared God but not Death, And maintained independence, but sought not riches; Who thought None below him but the base and unjust, None above him but the wise and Virtuous; Who loved His Parents, Kindred, Friends, and Country With an ardor Which was the chief source of All his pleasures and all his pains; And who having devoted His life to their service, And to The improvement of his mind, Refined it calmly, Giving glory to his Creator; Withing peace on earth, And with Good will to all creatures, On the _____ day of In the year of our blessed Redeemer, M.D.CCC.
Sir William Jones was of a genteel and graceful person, and of a countenance open, manly, vivacious and serene. His deportment was dignified, yet easy; his address courteous, yet plain; and his manner polished, yet familiar; so that, upon a first acquaintance, he not only excited the admiration, but secured the esteem of the person he conversed with.
In the society of his friends, if his conversation did not sparkle with wit, it was at least illumined with cheerfulness; and although he seldom said any thing striking or forcible, he always illustrated in the most pleasing manner, every topic that was discussed, and conveyed instruction with great modesty and elegance.
But this placidity did not proceed from a constitutional tameness and languor, to which those qualities are sometimes with truth attributed; they sprang from the union of that temperance and liberality which a virtuous habit had reared in his mind, and which, therefore, had become a part of his nature. Nor was he wanting in any of the other qualities which belong to those great virtues—he was sedate, moderate, and cautious; but at the same time, animated, aspiring and generous. He possessed a proud honor, an inflexible firmness, and a high sense of justice; yet he had not in his disposition any thing of haughtiness, obstinacy, or austerity; for his pride consisted in the love of independence—his resolution, in resisting the temptations of vice—and his idea of equity, in preserving peace and happiness among men, by making the laws lovely rather than severe.
He was in both estimable in public than in private life. In both, we contemplate his character with peculiar satisfaction. As a public man, whether we consider his fine taste, the strength of his mental faculties, or the vast extent and variety of his acquirements, we are enamoured of his talents. His intellectual powers were of the highest order—the force and clearness of his understanding no paradox could perplex—the quickness of his intuition saw through systems at a glance—the solidity of his judgment, even his lively fancy could seldom warp—and the retentive vigor of his memory, nothing useful or elegant ever escaped. To these properties he added a fertile imagination—a luminous comprehension, and an elasticity of mind, which gave a certain spring and activity to all the operations of his genius.
His mind, thus constituted, was enriched and embellished with the collective science and learning of all times and of all nations. He was deeply versed in every branch of human knowledge, and was familiarly acquainted not only with the Hebrew, Greek and Latin, but also with the Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and Turkish; with the Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and German languages; yet he considered the acquisition of various languages, useful only, as they enlarged his knowledge of philosophical grammar, and thereby assisted his enquiries into the history of man.
His numerous and elegant translations evince his thorough acquaintance with the radical principles of universal grammar, as well as with the root of languages on which he treats, while they show the keenest penetration and most exquisite taste.
Upon the whole, Sir William Jones was unquestionably one of the most extraordinary men that ever appeared in the republic of letters, and at the same time, one of the best men that ever trod the stage of life.
Such were the virtues—such the talents and acquirements of this distinguished man, whose genius at once illuminated the eastern and western hemispheres—whose fame resounds through both, and whose death is mourned from the throne to the cottage.
To attempt an illustration of Sir William Jones's character, by contrasting his powers with those of other great men, were an individual as well as an unuseful task; but it may, with perfect truth, be said, that few men, either of ancient or modern times, possessed a more general and profound erudition.
With him, his country was honored—with him, literature was adorned—and with him, society was graced.
* Probably by his friend Dr. Parr.
JAMES SEABROOK, TAYLOR, RESPECTFULLY informs his friends and the public in general, that he has removed from near the Market to Harris's corner, opposite the Custom House; where all commands in his line, will be punctually attended to; and as he has established a regular correspondence in Philadelphia, gentlemen may rely on having their clothes made in the newest fashion and neatest manner.
N. B. Ladies Riding Dresses and Great Coats made in the newest fashion. October 17.—C.W. 17.
LOW FOR CASH, OR ON SHORT CREDIT, Direct from Pennington's Manufactory, Philadelphia:
LOAF SUGAR, Of an excellent quality, either by the hogshead, barrel, or single loaf. The supply will be regular and large.
ALSO—BAR IRON, by the ton or single bar; IRON CASTINGS of various kinds, by the ton or single piece, among which are a few tons of 50 and 60 lbs. weights.
MICAIAH DAVIS. 4th of 7th mo. 1804. [C.W. 6m]
TUNSTALL'S PATENT THRESHING MACHINE. THE advantages to be gained by farmers, by applying some effectual parts to Threshing Machines, which have greater velocity, adequate strength, and greater cheapness than hitherto, and applicable to any machinery, are universally allowed to be very great. WILLIAM TUNSTALL has obtained a Patent for such improvements; and wishes to benefit the public on the most reasonable terms. Difficulties and individuals may be now accommodated with Machines and patent rights, by applying in person or by letter (post paid) to the patentee, William Tunstall, at the Swan Tavern, Richmond.
N. B. A Mill Wright and Iron Worker for the respective parts, are wanted—apply as above. These Machines will hull Clover and thresh Rice, Buck Wheat &c. preserved free from grit—Counterfeits will be dealt with as the law directs. July 18. [C.W. 17]
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT a Petition will be presented to the General Assembly, at their next Session, for the sale of the Glebe in St. Mary's Parish in Caroline; & the investiture of the interest of the Money, thereby raised, in the present Incumbent, so long as he may continue to act as such in the said Parish. CAROLINE, August 18, 1804. [C.W. 3m]
WANTS EMPLOYMENT, A YOUNG MAN who writes an excellent hand, and has been accustomed to BOOK-KEEPING for the last nine years. He can come well recommended for his sobriety and attention to business. A letter directed to A. B. and left with the Printer hereof shall be duly attended to. August 29. [C.W. 17]
DOCTOR WILSON, HAS taken (as a temporary residence) the house lately occupied by Doctor Adams, opposite the Bell Tavern, and intends to combine the APOTHECARY'S BUSINESS with the PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. He is now opening a part, and expects to receive by the next arrivals from Philadelphia, the balance of a fresh and very general supply of MEDICINES, and other articles in the Apothecary's Line, which will be sold on the lowest terms. Orders from the country, Recipes, &c. will be carefully attended to. June 27. [C.W. 6m]
AN ELEGANT COUNTRY SEAT FOR SALE—IN ALBEMARLE. THE Subscriber offers for sale, that valuable and highly improved Farm, on which he at present resides. There are 245 acres of Land, which adjoin the town of Charlottesville, in its whole extent. The improvements are various and considerable, and calculated for a large and genteel family, the dwelling house being 72 by 22 feet. This seat has uniformly been considered one of the most desirable in the Upper country.
A grist-mill, advantageously situated, has lately been erected on the premises, the dam of which is built of stone. Contiguous to the mill and adjoining this tract of land, a large distillery has also been established; the house 36 by 33 feet, is built of stone; and the water, which is remarkable for its coolness, is brought in pipes under ground, but a small distance to the house. The distillery, together with the land annexed, which is of the best quality, may be had with the first mentioned tract.
Professions by letter or otherwise, will be duly attended to; and on receiving part of the price in Negroes, Cattle, Bank-stock, Public Securities, or good Bonds, the residue title will be made to the purchaser, and great accommodation given for the balance, by having it satisfied with secured Wm. W. HENING. Charlottesville, Oct. 3. [C.W. 17]
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND.
MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use.
Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale.
Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot.
A—the length of the Boot—C—round the Calf—B—the pitch of ditto—D—round the heel and instep—E—round the instep—G—across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—let down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. June 30. [C.W. 17]
NEGROES—FOR SALE. A LIKELY NEGRO WOMAN, about 26 years old, with three children; two Girls 13 and 8 years old, and a Boy 5 or 6. They are now living with Mrs. Brewer in Relford county, and will be sold low for cash. Apply to the Editor of THE ENQUIRER, or the subscriber. LAURENCE MUSE. Tappahannock, Sept. 29. [C.W. 17.
Printing, IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE of the ENQUIRER.
THE following sketch of the life of Sir W. Jones is borrowed from the last National Intelligencer. The Editor of that paper has neglected to indicate the source, from which it was originally copied. Such information ought certainly to have been given; as it would not only have enabled many of his readers to judge with greater confidence, of the authenticity of the facts, but as it might also have persuaded some
of them to have purchased and perused the volume, from which it might have been extracted.
The life of this accomplished man will no doubt present the curious reader with several interesting anecdotes. Instruction however is here blended with amusement; and to the young Virginian, who calmly meditates on the incidents of Sir W. Jones's life, it will furnish some instructive and memorable lessons.
1. Several of the most accomplished young men in our state, anxious to reconcile their love of ease with the ambition for literary and scientific improvement, have attempted to propagate an opinion that study is not necessary to genius; that the mind, which is rich in native power, needs not the treasures of other minds to assist it in its progress; and that the study of books so far from adding to its maturity and knowledge, tends to repress the ardent aspirations and original reflections of genius.
These are the men who, forgetting the successive progress of the mind, or expatiating upon solitary instances of bookish pedantry, and learned ignorance, attempt to vindicate to others and to themselves the indolence first, and afterwards the dissipation into which their feelings unfortunately betray them. To such men let me recommend the following life of Sir W. Jones.
Perhaps he may be able to convince them of the value of that "truth, which vanity cannot perceive, and to which indolence will not attend" that labour is necessary to excellence."
2. It inculcates not merely the value of labour, but the utility of properly employing it. It teaches in other words the benefits of a proper and persevering method in the prosecution of literary labours.
3. It seems to refute an opinion, which has generally prevailed, that the graver and lighter pursuits of the mind are altogether incompatible. In the mind of Sir W. Jones, all the various combinations of thought seem to have concentrated, without mixing, confusing or interrupting each other.
The same mind, which gave existence to a most ingenious and learned essay on the law of bailments or carried its researches with such success into the literature of the east could at another time adapt itself to the most tender or descriptive images of the poetic muse.
4. An opinion has also prevailed, that knowledge tho' it enriches all the world beside, does not reward its possessor; that the man of wisdom is not truly happy; and that the plodding plough is a much surer instrument of enjoyment than the most learned composition. Let the life of Sir W. Jones, who appears to have been among the happiest of men, refute this infamous libel upon science!
* Sketch of the life of John Thomson.
Sir William Jones was born in the year 1746, at his father's residence in Wales. He was son to the celebrated mathematician William Jones, who was both the disciple and friend of Sir Isaac Newton, under whose patronage he taught mathematics in London, and had the honor of instructing the late Earl of Hardwicke in that science.
Mr. Jones published several tracts on analytical subjects, for which he had high and merited encomiums bestowed on him by the Royal Society, at that period so illustrious for their talents. This eminent mathematician had in contemplation a work of the first magnitude and utility, which had long been a desideratum in literature, and the completion of which would have required all the attention which his comprehensive mind and vast knowledge in philosophy was capable of applying to it; for it was nothing less than a synopsis of the mathematical and philosophical works of Newton, of whom it has been eloquently said, "that his name is not so much that of a man as of philosophy itself."
Unfortunately, however, for the advancement of science, a fatal illness carried him off, shortly after he had put the first sheet of his work to the press; and his friend the Earl of Macclesfield, to whom he had bequeathed the manuscript, and whom he had particularly instructed to publish it, by a shameful breach of trust, lent it to an insignificant geometricalian, from whose hands it was never redeemed.
Under the guidance and tuition of such a parent, Sir William Jones's mind was easily formed to regular habits of thinking, and from him he soon caught the generous enthusiasm of literary fame. After having been instructed by his father in the rudiments of classical learning, he was placed at Harrow school, where he distinguished himself no less by his wonderful facility in acquiring the learned languages, than by his fine taste in Latin poetry.
At Harrow, he first became acquainted with the celebrated Dr. Parr, who was one of his school fellows, and with whom he cultivated a friendship, that continued, without interruption or abatement, to the last hour of his life. In 1766, he was removed from Harrow to University College, Oxford, of which he was soon made a fellow, and where he was equally distinguished for the prematureity of his mind, and unexampled diligence in his studies.
His diligence was indeed so unremitted, and his memory so retentive, that before he attained the age of 22, he had mastered not only the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin tongues, but had made great proficiency in the Arabic and Persian idioms. Neither had his searching and curious mind neglected to cultivate the polished languages of modern Europe, and of the French his knowledge was so perfect, that at the age of twenty-four, while he was yet a recluse student in Oxford, he translated the story of Nadir Shah from the Persian into French, not only with grammatical correctness, but with a purity and elegance of diction that obtained him the applause of the most distinguished critics of France.
The Persian original of this work was sent to England by the King of Denmark, accompanied with a request from his Danish Majesty, that some of the learned Orientalists of Oxford would undertake to give a French translation of it. The difficulty of the task deterred many from attempting it; and if Mr. Jones's anxiety for the literary honor of his country had not prevailed over his native modesty, the Persian manuscript would in all probability, have been returned to Denmark untranslated—but his genius, learning and industry, raised the one and rescued the other from oblivion.
He was now familiar with the French lan-