Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1808-08-12 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[XVITH YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No 1575]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
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FRIDAY, AUGUST 12, 1808.
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Latest Foreign Advices.
LONDON, June 2.
We received yesterday the contents of the Edinburgh and Albany papers from the 4th to the 17th ult. Some serious commotions appear to have broken out at Constantinople about the middle of March, which originated in the whole of the Janissaries having declared against the conduct of the Porte, in respect to the war with England. The insurrection is however said in some letters to have been entirely suppressed in a few days, and the ringleaders punished.
From the accounts in the French papers, it is obvious that France meditates similar designs against Turkey, to those which have been so diabolically successful in Spain. In the latter country, as our readers are already informed, Bonaparte has completed his work of perfidy; the wretched king, the still more wretched prince of Asturias, and all the other members of the Royal Family of Spain, with the exception only of Don Pedro, who is at the Brazils, have been compelled to sign away their birthright, and submit to a splendid captivity in the territory of their oppressor, where the whole will probably ere long share the fate of the other branches of the Bourbon family who have fallen into the power of the Gallic Tyrants. For a while they may be permitted to meditate in their captivity upon the fallen fortunes of their once illustrious house, until by private assassination, or public murder, they terminate their degrading dependence upon the bounty of the usurper of their rights, and those of the more worthy branches of the house of Bourbon. Already, in all probability, are those wretched captives secured within their several prisons in France. King Charles with his queen, and some of the family, incarcerated at Compiegne; a situation about half way between Paris and Amiens, and the prince of Asturias, Don Carlos and Don Antonio, in custody at Navarre, a Royal domain in the department of the Indre. To complete the degradation of the unfortunate family of Spain, the Corsican, after having that kingdom consigned over to him by the king and the prince, compels the imbecile Charles to issue a Proclamation to the people, in which he enjoins them in the strongest terms to submit quietly to the troops of his ally the emperor of the French. For princes who by their mean spirited and dastardly conduct have proved themselves so despicable and contemptible, we can scarce feel any pity; but, even accustomed as we have been to the atrocities of Bonaparte, it is impossible for us to contemplate without indignation the refined cruelty with which he has treated the wretched deposed Monarch. That weak prince, after having made every sacrifice both of his own dignity, and the interests of his people, to that his perfidious ally thought proper to demand; after seeing his kingdom invaded, his subjects murdered, and himself and his family driven from the throne of his ancestors, is compelled in a public proclamation to express himself with the most servile flattery to the very monster from whom he has experienced such accumulated injuries, and to call upon his people, as a proof of their loyalty to him, to transfer their allegiance to a sanguinary usurper!—By the cowardly resignation of the other parts of the family, Don Pedro, the nephew of the king (who we have already stated, is now at Brazils,) is become the presumptive heir to the crown; and of this circumstance it is highly probable our government will deem it advisable to avail themselves. This action of the Royal Stock, transplanted to the Spanish possessions in South America, would be a most acceptable event to the people of that country, who, while by means of it they secured their independence, and preserved themselves from falling under the yoke which now threatens their mother country, would prove most valuable allies to Great Britain in the new world, in the present situation of affairs to the old. But it is not in this respect only that we look for some good arising out of the evil now produced by Corsican perfidy. We continue to look with sanguine hope to the high indignant spirit of the people of Spain, whose patriotic efforts against the Tyrant, may in the end, not only secure the independence of their own country, but furnish a glorious example of which other nations may be led to reap. So shall the long lost happiness of Europe be restored, and the world be rid of its greatest curse.
It is said in a Dutch letter, that when the last accounts left Cadiz, the English fleet was preparing to enter the Bay.
A Proclamation from the Junta to the inhabitants of Madrid, states, that the military commission, established only for one day, is suppressed, and that the inhabitants who may in future offend against the French troops; provided they have not actually borne arms against them, shall be tried by the proper judges.
We yesterday received advices from Cadiz to the 16th ult. which confirm our former accounts relative to the measures adopted at Cadiz, for resisting the project of Bonaparte against the independence of Spain, and preserving the Spanish fleet from falling into his hands, by delivering it up in trust to Great Britain. We are further informed by this conveyance, that the people of Seville have taken possession of the arsenal, and that the province of Arragon had unanimously resolved to resist the power and influence of France. It was reported that the Duke of Infantado was about to place himself at the head of the people, in order to direct their patriotic spirit in the laudable assertion of the independence of their country; and the great-
er credit was attached to this report, from the circumstance of that revered nobleman not having been mentioned in any of the revolutionary decrees that had hitherto been issued from Bayonne. At all events it is evident that the people will not become the willing slaves of Bonaparte; and should it prove true that their efforts are to be directed by a leader of such talent and estimation, the most sanguine hopes may be entertained in respect to the result of so glorious a struggle.
The anxiously looked for advices from our fleet off Cadiz have not yet arrived, but government continue in hourly expectation of receiving the most important intelligence from that quarter. We understand that a communication was yesterday made to the Lord Mayor by the Lords of the admiralty, which has some relation to this subject; and it is said, that in the expected event of the surrender of the fleet at Cadiz, the river Fencibles and others will be allowed to volunteer their services to bring the ships to England.
Bonaparte it appears, continued at Bayonne, and on the 18th ult. having dismissed the Royal Family of Spain to their respective destinations, was amusing himself with military spectacles and evolutions. Intelligence to the 18th ult. had been received at Paris from Madrid, at which time, Murat was exercising the functions of government without opposition.
The French Senate assembled on the 21st to sanction a proposal for incorporating Parma, Piacenza, and Tuscany, with France. We had reason at one time to suppose that these, together with the States of the Church, would have been erected into a Sovereignty for Lucien Bonaparte; but it would seem that he has forfeited or renounced all claim to such honors.
The deposed king of Spain was expected at Fontainebleau by the latter end of May.
June 8.
Advices from Gottenburgh to the 31st ultimo were received yesterday. They were brought by the Clyde frigate, Captain Owen, which is returned to Yarmouth, after having landed at Gottenburgh £130,000 for the use of the King of Sweden. One expedition was still waiting the return of Colonel Murray, and Admiral Keats was about to remove the fleet to a greater distance from Gottenburgh, in order to be in readiness to proceed upon any service upon which he might be ordered, without further loss of time. The Snake sloop of war was to sail with a convoy for Leith on the following day, on board of which are the Danish prisoners taken from on board the man of war destroyed by the States and Nassau—Sir J. Saumarez, had been indisposed, but was considerably recovered—The accounts from Finland all agree in stating, that the Russians are in the utmost state of distress, and that in their retreat at hundreds of them perish daily through famine and the effects of the general thaw.
An American Messenger arrived yesterday, with dispatches for Mr. Pinkney, the contents of which have not yet publicly transpired. The reports upon the subject are very contradictory; but those of a pacific tendency are by far the most entitled to credit.—The vessel which brought these dispatches is called the St. Michael. She sailed from America the latter end of April, with two Messengers, one of whom she landed at L'Orient, charged with dispatches for General Armstrong at Paris.
The projected expedition to South America, we have reason to believe, is already in a state of forwardness; and we are rejoiced to find that it is intended to be conducted upon such principles as promise to insure its most complete success—an event which, in the present state of European affairs, must prove of the highest importance to Great Britain.
Parliament re-assemble this day, pursuant to adjournment.
Preparations are making for fitting out an expedition at Dover.
June 9.
It is said that the Viscount Materosa and Don Diego de la Vega, who are arrived from Spain, have been deputed to solicit the assistance of this country towards enabling the Spaniards to expel the French. We learn that in the provinces of Asturias and Gallacia, a provisional government has been established, which has deputed commissioners to go into the different provinces in Spain to spirit up the people to resistance.—It was by this government, we suppose, that the above mentioned Noblemen were sent to this country—Four more are said to be on board the Stag.—The Marquis de Santa Cruz is at the head of the government, with the title of Commander in Chief.—On the 25th last month he issued a proclamation at Oviedo, inviting the inhabitants of Asturias to rise up in defence of their constitution and their country.
"It is your country that calls upon you to rescue her from the hands of her oppressors—Will any Spaniard be deaf to her call?—Arise.—We have arms—shall we want hands to wield them?—We have a good cause, shall we want hearts to defend it?"—This patriotic call has been as patriotically answered—Forty thousand men have already enrolled themselves, and the province of Asturias is by no means one of the largest in Spain—Galicia can furnish a much larger force—so can Biscay—The Biscayans too are a hardy race, accustomed to military discipline and deeply attached to the constitution of their particular province—Leon, Arragon and Catalonia are expected to follow the example of Asturias, & the Castilles never backward in the cause of their country, will scarcely be the last to prove their patriotism. But they are more immediately in the power of France than any of the other provinces; it is there that the great body of the French are concentrated. Bonaparte in the mean time, aware of the indignation his most infamous treachery has excited, is pouring more troops into Spain from Italy, from the Netherlands and from France.
The ports of Gijon, Bilbao, and St. Andero have, it is reported, been opened to the English. A Gottenburgh mail arrived last night, but the intelligence brought by it is not of importance. Of the surrender of the Russians in Gothland, our readers were informed before. The mails have brought the official report, and the articles of capitulation. The Russians are not to serve against Sweden for twelve months.—The Swedish force in Norway remains in statu quo.—In Finland some further advantages have been obtained over the Russians, but they are not of much importance.
Of the Prussian army, which not two years ago was esteemed to be amongst the most flour-
ishing and best disciplined in Europe, not more than five thousand remain embodied! The British troops remained in Gottenburgh harbor on the 30th ult.
By a vessel which effected her escape from Charento, on the 25th ult. by cutting her cables, we find that an order had been issued at all the ports of France for laying a strict embargo on all vessels, without respect to any flag whatever. No other intelligence of importance has been received by this conveyance.
The captain of a vessel which arrived yesterday from the Dutch coast, states, that it was generally rumored at the time of his departure, which was on the first, that the Prussians had revolted against the French troops, and that the revolt had been particularly formidable at Berlin and Magdeburg. From the same source we learn, that vast numbers of French troops had marched off towards the Rhine.
The American vessel the St. Michael, sailed from Baltimore on the 14th ult. with dispatches for General Armstrong under the care of Mr. Baker; a Mr. Purvance also the bearer of dispatches for Mr. Pinkney, enclosing others for the British government. The vessel was instructed to make direct for L'Orient, on her approach to which, on the 31st ult. and before she entered the harbor, she was overhauled by a British man of war, the Donegal or the Dragon. The captain learning that a messenger was on board with dispatches for the British government, proposed to give him a safe conveyance to England but his offer was declined, the messenger's instructions being first to proceed to France. Mr. Purvance, as some surmise, may be detained at L'Orient, in the same manner as was Mr. Rouse, until General Armstrong is prepared to send Mr. Baker with him to England; and perhaps before that can be done, it may be necessary to consult Bonaparte at Bayonne. Should that be the case, we cannot expect to hear of the arrival of the St. Michael in England for some weeks to come; yesterday, however, Mr. Pinkney announced her arrival at L'Orient to Mr. Pinkney.
Price of Stock this day at Twelve. 5 per ct. Cons. for Oct. 70 1 2—3 per ct. red. 69 1 8. 4 per ct. 85 7 8.—Omnium 4 1 1 2. prem.
MANCHESTER, June 1.
The proposals agreed to by the cotton merchants and manufacturers, at their meeting last night, at the Bull's Head Inn, in this town, were an advance of 10 per cent. for weaving upon all goods in the cotton line, to take place this day, and a further advance of 10 per cent. to take place on the 1st of August making together an advance of £20 per cent. I am sorry to say, that the numerous body of cotton weavers in this town and neighbourhood remain dissatisfied with this offer, who persist in demanding an advance of 6s 8d in the pound sterling, which is 33 and 1 third per cent.; nothing less it appears will content them and not one of them in this town or neighbourhood will go to the loom at present. Upon a moderate calculation, there are not less than 60,000 looms in the cotton trade alone now standing still in this town, and a circle of 12 miles round it. Should any one attempt to work at the shuttle, parties rush in the house, cellar, or garret, and take it away. I have just heard that a large body of them, to the amount of 5,000, have met at a village between this town and Bury. Three troops of cavalry are gone from this place to disperse them. Great numbers of weavers walk the streets of this town during the day, but in a peaceable manner, and at 10 o'clock at night, all is quiet here and at Salford.
Every man must commend the weavers of Manchester for their peaceableness on the present occasion. They seem to be aware that riotous proceedings can do them no good. I wish I could say the same of the weavers of Rochdale, Bolton Bury, and some other places in the neighbourhood. At the two former places they are very disorderly; at Bury I understand, they are rather better to day; but yesterday, I am told, they burned some persons in effigy.
A requisition for soldiers was sent from Rochdale, late last night, and troops were immediately dispatched thither. In consequence of their being in a serious state of commotion at that place still, it is also asserted that the artillery went this morning. God grant that we may soon have a change for the better, for things in this quarter have a most awful aspect.
Sir Robert Peel has published a very sensible address to the cotton weavers.
LONDON, June 10.
We have seen a letter, dated St. Andero, on the 30th ult. and addressed to a respectable merchant in the city, which conveys a very flattering picture of the disposition and resources of those Spaniards who are adverse to the arbitrary proceedings of Bonaparte. According to this letter, the people are in a state of actual insurrection in Asturias and Galicia, and also in the districts of St. Andero and Leon. Asturias alone, the writer describes, from the number and spirit of its population, as competent to a very material effort. Certainly, if the people are resolute, the nature of the country must render it peculiarly difficult and dangerous to any invader. An assembly of deputies from the districts we have mentioned has already taken place at Oviedo, the capital of Asturias, by authority of which assembly a formal declaration of war has been published against the French government. To this assembly all the districts of Spain are invited to send deputies; and it is proposed to convene the Cortes, in order to concert measures for the purpose of delivering the country from its present degradation.
The Marquis de Santa Cruz, who is a nobleman of considerable importance, particularly in Asturias, and who is in the vigour of youth, is appointed Generalissimo of the patriotic army. This army is already considerable, and promises rapidly to increase. The writer to whom we allude paints in the most glowing terms the ardour of the population, without distinction of age or sex, to promote the object of the insurrection. Ample time will, it is supposed, be afforded to this confederacy to provide arms and ammunition, and to organize their plans, before Bonaparte can withdraw an adequate force from any other district to interrupt them. Our wishes for the success of those gallant men excite us to hope, notwithstanding the knowledge we have of the character of our ministers, that they will afford them some material aid.
It is expected that the meeting at Oviedo will be attended by deputies from all parts of Spain.
We heard yesterday that accounts were in town, stating the refusal of the commander of the Spanish fleet at Port Mahon to comply with the commands of the government at Madrid. We know that this commander, Don Cayetano Valdes, is an officer of the highest loyalty, and is distinguished for strong national feelings. It is therefore quite probable that he would revolt against any order hostile to the independence of his country. Indeed, it was some time since suggested to us, that this officer suspected the designs of the French government, and that he took his fleet into Port Mahon rather than to Toulon, to which he could have gone, according to command, merely to save it from falling into the hands of France. Certainly all the discerning men of Spain must have foreseen the crisis that has occurred. The only doubt could be as to the time of its arrival; a few, perhaps, expected it so soon. Unquestionably Bonaparte has been in this instance more prompt than usual. Perhaps he may find that he has been too precipitate.
Viscount Materosa is a nobleman of considerable local influence. He is not, however, a Grandee of Spain. Don Diego de la Vega, who accompanies him, holds the commission of a Lieutenant in the navy, and acts as Secretary to the Viscount. They are both said to be very intelligent men.
We have held but one steady opinion as to the conduct which ministers ought to pursue. The Spaniards are a noble minded race; and will suffer no chicane, no compromise—no encroachment. They will neither permit their fleets to be taken in deposit; nor the integrity of their dominion to be broken. They will accept of no succour that is inconsistent with their honor. And we therefore trust that no attempts will be made to bargain with them for the aid they may wish to receive. If we should attempt to go into Cadiz harbour, though in friendship, it would be impolitic, because it would furnish a pretext to Bonaparte to misrepresent our designs. To convey home in safety their veteran troops from Ceuta, and their fleets from Port Mahon, and to deliver free into their own ports, would perhaps be the wisest and most effectual step towards regaining their confidence, which we could accomplish. And nothing would be more easy than this reasonable act of friendship.
Since writing the above, we have heard that our ministers have determined to aid the cause of the patriots of Spain. Sir Arthur Wellesley sets off this day, or to morrow, for the purpose of proceeding to Spain. He is to take such troops as are in readiness with him, and the force collected at Cork is to follow him. We understand, that vigorous efforts will be used to send as great a force as possible upon this important expedition.
The Capt. of a vessel which arrived yesterday from a port in the north of Europe, states that at the time of his coming away, which was on the 2d inst. a report prevailed, that the Emperor of Russia had been poisoned. The port where the rumor prevailed, which from motives of commercial delicacy we forbear to mention, is adjacent to the Russian territory.
Several letters by the last Gottenburgh mail serve to cast considerable doubts upon the statements we have had for some time, with regard to the success of the Swedes in Finland.
His Swedish majesty has commenced one of the grandest internal improvements that any country has displayed in the present times: namely, to connect the North and Baltic seas together, through the heart of Sweden, by means of a canal (large enough for vessels usually navigating the Baltic seas) which will commence at Soderkoping, in the Baltic sea, pass along to the lakes Roxen, the Western and the Wiken into the Winern lake, from whence the navigation is already complete down to Gottenburgh.
July 11.
The Stocks yesterday felt a sensible depression, in consequence of the rumour that Sir J. Moore, and the army under
his command, had received orders to return from the Baltic without attempting a debarkation. Whether this is owing to the circumstance of their having been too late to co-operate with the Swedes in Norway—or that it is found to be impracticable to give the Swedes effectual assistance any where—we know not. A number of rumours are afloat on the subject. According to one account, his royal majesty would not permit them to land, on account of the extreme scarcity of provisions; and because it might be an obstacle to his negotiating for peace. According to another story, he has actually mediated his terms with France and Russia. Whatever may be the cause, our armament is said to be on the return; and it is further declared, that it will be employed in the diversion that is to be attempted in favour of the Spaniards.
Some further particulars with regard to the affairs of Spain, were communicated on Change yesterday. The insurrection is making rapid progress, and several districts, in addition to those we mentioned yesterday, have sent deputies to Oviedo. Some places indeed are stated to have done so, which are actually occupied by French troops. Proclamations have been issued by the assembly at Oviedo, exhorting all Spaniards to exert the dignity of their character, by joining in the patriotic cause. These proclamations were widely circulated in spite of the menaces and vigilance of the French. Murat's Government seems to feel considerable alarm. He has sent forth a proclamation which, while it manifests all the rage, betrays a good deal of the fear that belongs to tyranny. He denounces all who connect themselves with what he calls "the conspiracy," or who attempts to oppose, or even defame the "Government;" and he threatens the most terrible vengeance against any place or person, where French blood may be shed. If a single Frenchman falls in any village, town, or city in Spain, Murat proclaims his resolution to have such village, town, or city razed to the ground.
It is reported that Bonaparte intimated to the Junta de Castilla, of which the Grand Duke of Berg is president, that they might make their election of a king, either of Lucien or Joseph Bonaparte; and that the answer of the Junta was, that they were not competent to decide upon that question, as that was the province of the Cortes. Upon which it is said that Bonaparte ordered that a deputation of the Cortes should repair to Bayonne to deliberate upon the matter; but that every deputy declined obeying his orders; and in consequence, that admiral Musard, the Bishops, and the other people of distinction, who were on their way to Bayonne, according to the mandate of Bonaparte, had returned to their homes.
It is also said the first body of Portuguese Conscrips, having arrived at Valparaiso, on their way to France, handcuffed, had been liberated by the Spaniards of the town, who rose upon the French escort, and set the Portuguese at liberty, telling them they were free men.
It was likewise said, that the Captain General of Cadiz had declared against the order of things attempted to be established by the French; and it is confidently expected a general insurrection will take place whenever it is practicable.
It is stated, that the Marquis del Socorro, who commands the Spanish troops in Portugal, has declared against the French, and in favour of the Spanish Patriots. This statement certainly appears entitled to some credit, from a circumstance which has just come to our knowledge. We are informed that the embargo is taken off at Oporto; and as that town is entirely garrisoned by Spanish troops, it seems very likely that the change is owing to their influence.
We have no doubt that the Spanish troops in the North of Europe would feel a similar disposition to that said to be manifested in Portugal, if the state of their country were fairly described to them. Let us hope that proper means will be, or have been, taken to communicate this description to them.
Not a moment should be lost in making an experiment upon their disposition. There is little time for deliberation; our ministers must decide and act at once upon this occasion. Slow movements will avail nothing against the proverbial promptitude—against the perpetual activity of Bonaparte, who is sending troops from every quarter, and by forced marches, to Spain.
There was a report yesterday, said to arise out of the information received from the new Spanish Ambassador, that Genl. O'Farrel had prevented the Spanish army from joining in the insurrection of the 2d May. The uniformly high and honorable conduct of this officer forbids us to believe any thing unworthy of his fame.
Viscount Materosa is fully accredited by ministers as Ambassador from the Spanish Patriots, and has taken a house in Hanover square.
We have heard that the Spanish Nobles

men Viscount Materosa, and Don Diego de Vega, have already entered into an agreement with government, by which all the Spanish prisoners in this country are immediately to be released and sent back to Spain.
Ammunition has been sent off in great quantities for the use of the Spanish patriots.
The Marquis De Santa Cruz, who is at the head of the Provisional Government of Asturias and Galicia, is a young Nobleman of high spirit, and is in particular esteem in the former province. To him is committed the command of that patriotic army which we hope is destined to rescue their country from a foreign yoke. The Marquis De Oquedo, who is joined with him in the conduct of the national affairs, is also a Nobleman in whose spirit and virtue the people place entire confidence.
Admiral Gardner, son of Lord Gardner, is to have a flag, which he will hoist immediately, and sail on a secret expedition.
It is stated that a very extraordinary change has taken place in the mind of the cabinet respecting the Catholic Question. The Pope's Nuncio to the Prince of Brazil has been treated with marked deference and attention by the Duke of Portland, Mr. Canning and the other public men connected with the Government.
A letter dated, Manchester, 8th inst. says, "All is perfectly tranquil here, and has been so these last twelve days; but some disturbances have taken place in the neighbouring towns. Many Prisoners have been brought to the New Bailey Prison since Saturday last."
STOCK EXCHANGE. Bank Stock 24 1/2 3-0mm. 43 3/4 prem 3 per cent. red 69 3/4 3/4.
The English House of Commons, on the first of June, resolved itself into a committee to consider of the means of promoting commercial intercourse with America.
Mr. Rose prefaced the motion he intended to submit by a succinct history of the commercial intercourse between this country and America, in which he spoke so low as not to be audible from the gallery. He then adverted to the unfriendly disposition recently and still manifested by America towards this country, so obviously to the mutual disadvantage of both nations. The object of his proposition was, to shew to America that this country had friendly dispositions towards her, and that she was disposed in future to carry on commercial intercourse with her, whenever complete amity between both should be restored. He was not anxious to renew the treaty which had been settled before, that intercourse broke up because it was one which would have been very disadvantageous to England. But his purpose would be to put America, in her future trade, on a footing with the most favoured nations; and to propose that the principle be meant to offer, should, in the first instance, continue one year in operation. He concluded by moving a resolution to the following effect: "That all goods, wares and merchandise, imported to this country, either in British ships navigated according to law, or in ships built in America or captured from an enemy by the American arms, the masters and three fourths of the crews of which should be natives of America, should be admitted at the same rates of duty as were paid for the like articles coming from the most favoured nations; and that all commodities brought from other nations or captured from an enemy by the Americans, should be entered in British ports at the lowest duties paid by any other country."
After some conversation between Mr. Ponsonby, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Mr. Eldon, the Resolution was agreed to.
Mr. Rose then moved another Resolution, that all Tobacco imported from America in British or American ships as aforesaid, be admitted in British ports at the same duties with tobacco coming from British Plantations; and that all snuffs from the same, be admitted at the same duties as snuffs coming from any country in Europe.
This resolution was also agreed to, and ordered to be reported to morrow.
On the motion of Mr. Rose, it was ordered, that the House should to morrow resolve itself into a Committee of the whole House, to take into consideration the trade with Brazils.
American Consulate, London, June 5, 1808. The following official communication to this office, this instant arrived, I have deemed an incumbent duty to make public, for the information of all American merchants and others affected thereby. (Signed) W.M. LYMAN. St. Petersburg (14) 26th April, 1808.
Sir, I herewith hand you a copy of a note I have lately received from the Minister of Foreign Affairs, which will acquaint you, that measures similar to those pursued by France, with respect to Neutral vessels trading between England and her ports, have been adopted here. All intercourse by means of our flag is thus stopped between Great Britain and Russia. You will please to communicate this intelligence to all those whom it may interest, and believe me respectfully,
Sir, your most obedient servant, (Signed) LOVETT HARRIS. WM. LYMAN, Esq. American Consul, London.
"In order to prevent the possibility of any communication whatever between Russia and England, His Imperial Majesty has judged it advisable to order that no vessel coming from an English port, even if it belongs to a nation friendly to Russia, and shall be laden with any merchandise, shall be admitted into the ports of Russia. Every vessel, however, which shall not have been in England, may freely enter the Russian ports, and export the productions of the Empire, with this proviso, that the commercial houses to which such vessels shall be addressed, shall undertake in writing, that such vessel shall not go to England, but that they will consign their cargoes to some port belonging to a power friendly to Russia. The undersigned thinks it his duty to communicate this new arrangement to Mr. Lovett Harris, Consul General for the United States of America and seizes this opportunity to renew the assurances of his high consideration. (Signed) COUNT NICHOLAS DE ROMANZOFF." Petersburgh, 10th April, 1808. Mr. LOVETT HARRIS.
PROCLAMATION OF THE GOVERNOR OF HAVANNA. Inhabitants of the island of Cuba, worthy descendants of the generous Spanish Nation.
Know, that I have this very day received several manifestoes, proclamations, and edicts published and printed by order of the Supreme Council (Junta) of Government which has been established in Seville, in consequence of an act of perfidy more infamous than any which the world has ever witnessed: papers which as you will very soon see, appear not to be dictated by men, but rather inspired by Angels; in short, papers which must necessarily produce the vindication of insulted and derided Spain, and the liberty of all Europe, which lies buried in slavery by the same hand which afflicted our brethren. It appears by them, and I learn by the relations of persons worthy of belief who have been eye witnesses of the dreadful and horrid events which took place in our Peninsula in the months of April and May, that the French government assuming the false character of a friend and good ally, has deceived Ferdinand VII. the best and most virtuous of kings, abused his generosity and good faith, invited him to his territory by artful and insidious caresses, and by similar crafty and treacherous proceedings induced his august parents and the whole Royal Family to follow him, for the purpose of treating them as they have been treated, with the most disgraceful contempt and consummated at last their horrible design by compelling them to renounce the Crown of Spain, in favour of a foreigner, having no other right than his insatiable ambition, at the same time that his executioners and assassins were shedding the precious blood of the inhabitants of Madrid, as a return for the hospitality and fraternity with which they had been received and welcomed as their own chiefs have publicly acknowledged. Our language contains no term adequate to characterise conduct so horrible, which has covered France with infamy and Spain with mourning, and which has made the most insensible and barbarous nations shudder with fear. But, think not from this, that the sentiment of honor, the nobleness of mind and the majestic dignity of the Spanish character, have been dismayed at the sight of such direful calamity. On the contrary, the virtuous and magnanimous sons of a heroic country, are determined to fight until the last man of its twelve millions of inhabitants shall gloriously die, to avenge an insult so humiliating, to avenge their outraged religion, their violated females, their murdered children, and to rescue from captivity their adored Ferdinand. Yes, doubt it not, they will fit with dread the authors of such iniquity, and will exterminate them. They are animated with a holy rage capable of breaking into pieces the chains which bind all the nations of Europe. They have adjusted an armistice with England, a name sweet and consoling to the human race! to which heretofore must be added that shield of afflicted humanity, for the same just reason that Spain may be styled the deliverer of the world. Yes, they co-operate with the virtuous and magnanimous English, for though they have just been our accidental enemies, to whom it is known that this could only have been, in fact it was, an effect of the violence and Machiavellism of the French government! Do not blame me on account of the inconsistency between this sentiment and those expressed in the proclamation published on the 27th of January last; besides that almost every government labors under some systematic defect, and commits some acts of injustice, which give room for rectives, more especially in a state of war, it was a duty of my official station, to accommodate my language to that of my superiors, as I do on the present occasion; but with this difference, that my soul is justly and profoundly indignant, and that I am ardently desirous to shed my blood as a sacrifice to my religion, my king and my country. Be confidently persuaded that the other nations whose habitation and fields are yet smothered with the innocent blood of the flower of their youth which has been shed by an incomprehensible chain of success combined by the genius of desolation, will recover from their dismay, will acquire courage to shake off the yoke, and united with Spain and England will concur in the greatest and noblest work which man can perform, with the same ardor that animates the lioness to rescue her young. The French themselves, just, nation illustrious, generous and worthy of a better lot will hasten to wash away the black spot with which their own hands have tarnished their lustre; compassion for them, and view them not with hatred, for they are our brothers, and will soon be our good friends. The divine creator of men, the arbiter of the fate of nations, is interested in this holy and august work, and we ought not to doubt of his protection. I see you full of ardent zeal to fly to take a part in it, but your situation at the distance of 2600 leagues unfortunately now
deprives you of that glorious felicity—But it is of no moment. Money to defray the expense of it is no less necessary than arms, and it is in your power to participate by means of an offering more salutary to men, and more agreeable to the sight of God, than was ever offered in his holy temple. Initiate the Spanish heroes: circumscribe your expenses—renounce your superfluities—establish a Spartan economy—let there not remain in your houses a single ounce of gold or silver, except what is absolutely necessary for religious rites. Will you have less virtue and less generosity than the Romans had, when they believed Hannibal was approaching the gates of Rome! Will you have more attachment to your property, and less disinterestedness than those Pagans who knew not the true God—Will you have less respect than they to your holy religion, less loyalty and less love to your country, to your customs, to your laws and to your government, less affection for your wives and your tender infants, and less horror of the tyranny and slavery with which the hosts of the common enemy threaten you as soon as they shall have subjugated your brethren! Will you prefer to reserve your riches entire to the end, that the booty may be great and more captivating to the eyes of their cupidity, rather than to sacrifice a part for the sake of objects so precious which you may save at so little cost, preserve Spain your glorious native soil, and redeem from captivity your king, who has ascended to the throne by the rugged road of virtue and heroism, braving the dangers of the scaffold and the enormous infamy of being reputed a regicide and parricide, when his object was to make you happy by the downfall of a perfidious traitor and despotic favorite! Pardon me if I offend your delicacy, your generosity, your well known loyalty and holy ambition of true and solid glory. My imagination disturbed by so melancholy an event, can scarcely allow me to articulate words, how much less to consider them! I am sure that you will do much more than I ask of you. I well know your virtues, and you are not ignorant how much I appreciate them, and what are the sentiments of my heart towards you and each one of you—Yes—this is the epoch in which America and her renowned sons through whose veins runs the illustrious and most noble Spanish blood, will display their greatness of soul, and will acquire as much glory as was recently acquired by the heroic inhabitants of Buenos Ayres, a glory as much more true and solid as the moral virtues and trophies exceed the martial and blood stained triumphs of Mars. The good which you do on this occasion will be common to the Spaniards, to all the nations of Europe and to yourselves, in the sweet pleasure of listening to the blessings on you which will resound from generation to generation, will be a most flattering reward derived from your beneficence the most valuable which men can grant and much more estimable than the equivocal distinctions and decorations which are bestowed by Sovereigns, not always upon virtue, and even sometimes upon corruption and vice. I hasten to give you this information, that you may instantly know the great object which ought to occupy the attention and the heart of every Spaniard, and of every man living who loves mankind. But at the same time, I earnestly recommend to you resignation to divine providence, which knows how to extract an antidote from poison, the virtue of fortitude and magnanimity never so necessary as at present; patience, prudence, moderation and docility, to repress your inevitable uneasiness, to shun all tumult and disorder and to abstain from giving the slightest disturbance to the peaceable, laborious and most useful Frenchmen, our fellow inhabitants and friends who, driven by a revolution the most sanguinary and infamous of any recorded by history, have sought and found in your bosom the sacred asylum of a fraternal hospitality; understanding that if there be among them, any one whose residence can be injurious to us, he shall be caused to leave the island, without oppression, protecting the others with Spanish humanity, and with the strong shield of justice, who will know how to use proper severity towards all who shall attempt to offend them by word or action. If you hearken with docility to the paternal advice which I give you, and observe it carefully, I trust in the mercy of God, in your loyalty and in your virtues, that you will very soon see the dawn of tranquility, of rejoicing, prosperity and of more brilliant glory for yourselves and your future generations.
THE MARQUIS DE SOMERUELOS. Havanna, July 17, 1808.
PHILADELPHIA, August 5.
A letter from a respectable merchant at Havanna, dated July 19, says—"An express extraordinary has this moment arrived here from Spain, bringing the important news THAT THE EMPEROR BONAPARTE NO LONGER EXISTS; THAT HE WAS KILLED BY THE SPANIARDS AT BAYONNE." August 6.
We copy the following from a London paper of Friday the 10th June—the federal papers of Boston and New York, and their story friends, have taught their friends at Nova Scotia to believe these things to be as they wished them to be, and no doubt their effect in England must have been considerable.
HALIFAX, (N. Scotia,) May 3.
Many of the people here are turning their ships into privateers, in expectation of an American war; there are letters in town from New York, dated as late as the 28th April, in which they say great discontent prevails against congress for the embargo. The country neither can, nor will suffer it to continue much longer, every part of the country will be ruined. The planters (farmers) will not submit to be ruined with their hands across, and I should not be surprised to see congress by force of arms dismissed. Flour will scarcely bring two dollars a barrel, beef and pork 1d. per lb. tobacco two dollars the hundred weight—cotton wool can be purchased at 8 cents—(4d sterling) per pound; all our yards and wharves are so full of produce, that some lumber brought down in March last, was obliged to be sold for fire wood—it may perhaps be alleged by some, that our planters (farmers) pay no rent or taxes, and having purchased their
farm at four or six dollars per acre, can afford to sell their produce at any price; but if their lands are cheap, the wages of their servants are enormous—and when it is considered that the usual wages of farmer's servants, is 280 dollars per annum, or between 50 and 60 pounds sterling, British money, you will easily perceive that it is impossible for the farmer to stand it. Their servants must be dismissed if the embargo continues, and 40,000 or 50,000 men thrown idle, with arms in their hands, will not be easily controlled; anarchy, confusion and bloodshed, must ensue—and none knows where it will end.
PETERSBURG, August 9.
Evasion of the Embargo laws.
We understand a vessel escaped out of the harbour of Norfolk, a few nights since, loaded with a cargo of Flour, and bound for some of the West India Islands. The owner and master of the vessel and cargo have not yet been discovered—We trust that if detection should follow their crimes, the indignation of the American people will not hesitate to brand them with the mark of eternal infamy and disgrace. Such conduct is unpardonable, and should not be tolerated. We have heard of several instances lately of vessels suffered to go out in ballast, for the purpose of bringing from foreign possessions, property left there previous to the embargo, taking with them flour instead of ballast. The knowledge of these facts, should certainly impose the greatest circumspection on the part of the Collectors.—Pet. Intel.
FROM THE BOSTON CHRONICLE.
TORIES ADMONISHED.
The federal Junta are very angry when they are told that the continuance of the embargo is owing to them. But one moment's reflection must prove the propriety of the charge. The papers under their control began early to reprobate the measure, and a plan was concerted to raise disturbances within a few days after the embargo took place. Witness the body of men (falsely styled sailors) who were mustered at the north-end by a "well dressed man," (custom no body knew) and who were paraded thro' the streets of Boston with a drum & fife, and beset the governor's house, if not in a riotous, yet in a very indecent manner. This faction then meant to affront the governor, though they are now so liberal with their flattery. They have treated him with every indecency, and we cannot suppose he will be ensnared by their hypocrisy. This sailor business was critically investigated by a committee of the general court, and it was so plainly proved to be a gross imposition, that even the federal country members were ashamed of it. Ever since then the Junta have been at work to excite commotion, and have given every assurance to the British, that the embargo was so unpopular that it could not long continue. It has been so positively asserted, that while the subject was debated before the house of commons, Mr. Brougham admitted it as a fact which could not be disputed. Timothy Pickering's Letter, Wheaton's Resolutions, and the publications in the federal papers, have been solely calculated to encourage the British to enforce their orders in opposition to the embargo. Can there be greater encouragement given to France or England to persist in their measures, than telling them, that the people of America are determined on a repeal of the only mode adopted to counteract their impositions? Can any man do a greater injury than Pickering and Wheaton, or take a more effectual method to prolong the embargo than these two men? Can we suppose the British or the French will regard the embargo as effectual, when they are told by a senator in congress, by the legislature of Massachusetts, and by all the federal papers, that the people will not long submit to it? That it is more injurious to ourselves than to them. Common sense must shew us, that such publications have a tendency to continue their impositions on our commerce, and to frustrate the purposes of the embargo. With any man of sense say, that such proceedings do not encourage our enemies to violate our commercial rights, when they are thus constantly told we cannot persevere in our opposition? Let those then who complain of the embargo, look to these revilers of our government—Let these Letter writers and Resolute makers become responsible for the continuance of the embargo. If the sailor is out of employ, let him thank Timothy Pickering for it. If the tradesmen are deprived of work, let them look to those who are weakening the energies of the government by their traitorous conduct. The merchant and the farmers are sufferers, by the publications in these very papers which pretend to advocate their interest.
This faction appear now desirous to raise commotions and insurrections in various parts of the states. But, if they DO TAKE PLACE, they must be answerable for the consequences. The people will not be tame spectators of such disturbances; and whoever causes them will be held RESPONSIBLE for the event. If commotions are once begun, where are they to end? Will they stop at the command of those who at first created them? Will taking off the embargo remove the difficulty, or supply the mouth of labor? Will our commerce be secure from depredation after the embargo is removed? or will the sailor be free from oppressions? Will any merchant of property send out a cargo, or will the trade be pursued to any advantage by individuals? A few desperadoes (who make a great show with little property) may sport like gamblers on a hazardous speculation, but the interest of the real merchant cannot be benefited, if we should remove the embargo tomorrow. If then the Junta think to effect the repeal of the embargo by mobs, riots and insurrections, and afterwards it is found that no public relief is obtained by the measure, the same persons whom they have encouraged in this overt act, will be as ready to seek redress among the three per cent. gentry.
But to the honour of our country, all this hue and cry does not take place among our merchants or sailors—There is not a merchant worthy of the name, but acknowledges that the embargo is the most salutary mea-
sure to be adopted by the government. The difficulty does not lie from this quarter, but from a BOSTON FACTION, in the interest of the British, and who have in all instances, been more desirous to serve England, than their own country. A late conversation in a particular insurance office in this town, is an evidence that the complaint against the embargo, does not proceed from merchants, but lawyers, and others, who, if the embargo was repeated to-morrow, would not send one shilling to sea. The conversation on this occasion was maintained in favor of the embargo, by a man who, in the name of a merchant, against those, who think they know a great deal on the bench, or within the bar, (when they have the exclusive right of speaking) but in any other situation are as ignorant as most people. Such men had better serve the laws to secure the lives of the citizens, (for which they receive their salary) than arrogate to themselves a knowledge of our commercial concerns. There is no necessity more beset by a faction than the United States. The evidence cannot be wanting, if we read the federal papers—Ever since Mr. Jefferson has been in office, every measure adopted has been opposed, unless it favored Britain—There has been no proposition approved, only as connected with the interest of England. There has been one constant flow of calumny and abuse against him, and every man who advocated his conduct—The British government has never been defended in all their outrages against our commerce; if our vessels were taken and condemned in the British court of admiralty, the decisions have been approved by the Junta; if our seamen are captured or killed, it is always justly fled by them. We can only say, if our difficulties continue, those who tell the belligerents that we are determined to rise ex masse to repeal the measure, adopted to counteract their impositions, must become responsible for the evils they bring on their co. n. We had Tories once, and we know the evil they did.
FROM THE SAME.
While contemplating the events in Europe, we are led into reflections of the highest magnitude as it respects the future destiny of society. There has been something in the progress of the French revolution which embraces all the wonderful predictions foretold by sacred writers, and the physical operations on which the philosophers of all nations have contemplated as eventually arising from the energies of the respective governments of Europe. The jealousies of these nations have ever been the cause of war between each other; and the French revolution in the first instance, roused those passions to the highest elevation, and enabled Britain to enlist every crowned head to check its progress. But the collected energies of France have been able to beat down the formidable phalanx embodied against them. The government has during the whole period, been too powerful for its opponents. Let the form of their constitution be what it would—let insurrections pervade the several sections of the nation—let convulsions exist in every department of the government—still victory was ever the telegraph which proclaimed to the world the power and invincibility of the nation.
In this state of things what can we infer, but that the destiny of society, under the direction of Heaven, is now committed to the hands of Bonaparte? There has been such a wonderful series of success, and such a constant flow of national acquisition, that nothing but the hand of heaven could have accomplished the immensity of the work.
Whether the acquisition in his hands is to be directed for the happiness or misery of mankind, is still in the womb of futurity. For centuries the state of Europe has been reduced to the most abject condition of ignorance and servitude as it relates to the people. It is impossible under any form of government, that the people can be more miserable than they have been. As far as the condition of the people is connected, no injury can befall them. Bonaparte cannot add to the slavery of the mind, nor to the servitude of the body, by any new establishments under his administration. Tyranny has for ages worn as disgusting a countenance, as it is in the power of Bonaparte to give it. He cannot add one cord to the whip, nor one sting to the scorpion. Mankind have been so debased as human nature is capable of sinking, and Bonaparte must excel much more in the art of refining on misery, than in military tactics, if he can produce one more groan in society than what has been heard, for centuries by those whom he has subdued.
From the above premises we must draw this conclusion, that the governments of Europe under Bonaparte cannot produce more evils as it relates to slavery, than what they have hitherto suffered—and this being the case, we do hope that the wisdom of providence has selected this man to bring about those events which may terminate in the amelioration of the state of society. Those who believe in the scripture revelations have ever considered the days approaching, when the discordant passions will cease, and that men will not learn war any more. The conduct of Bonaparte has in most instances favored such an event, for whenever he has subjugated his enemies, he has pursued a principle more humane than any conqueror either in ancient or modern history. The arts and sciences have been protected and encouraged—and we may say, there is more genius and scientific knowledge within the territories under the command of the French, than within any other quarter of the world.
The U. S. at this momentous crisis are not called on to commence hostilities against France more than England, on account of the late orders and decrees of the two nations. At this period it is our policy to keep without the vortex of the present controversy—for it is certain, and can no more help England to escape herself from her difficulties, than the numerous powers which have hitherto attempted to do it. It must therefore be the height of folly for us at this eventful period to presume to take up the conqueror. It is our policy to keep good fellowship at home, and by every prudent mean to secure our property from the defalcation of both nations, without thinking to better our condition by engaging in a war, under the fallacious idea, that our energies are wanted to save Britain and check Bonaparte. As Britain was the first cause

Mount Comfort, FOR SALE.
SITUATED on Rappahannock in the county of Essex, within fifteen miles of Tappahannock and about the same distance from Urbanna and King and Queen Courthouse and very convenient to the post office at Montague's Tavern—there are upwards of one hundred and fifty acres of land attached to this seat, a considerable part of which is wood land and heavily timbered—The improvements are a dwelling house, forty feet by eighteen, a Kitchen, Smoke-House, Stable, Ice House, &c on the Hill—And on the river bank, a store house, with a commodious Store and Counting Room and an excellent Granary—all of which—except the Stable—have been recently built. Mount Comfort commands as good, if not the best view of the river of any seat on the Rappahannock, and the best fish and oysters may be had at the door with very little trouble—It is well calculated for a merchant, being in a populous and wealthy neighborhood, where it is believed five or six thousand pounds worth of goods might be retailed annually—it would also be a convenient stand for a professional character—I would either sell on credit if the payments can be agreed on, or exchange for other lands without improvements. For farther particulars apply to Reuben M. Garnett, or to
Carter Wood, Mount Comfort, if
June 1. 1808
MATTRESSES
OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS, MADE and repaired, agreeably to order, in the large wooden house opposite the Old City Tavern, two squares below the market bridge, Richmond.
J. S. Pleasants.
Joseph Marx & Co.
Have on hand an assortment GERMAN OZNAUBURGS, TICKLENBURGS, DOWLASS, and TOWELLING, by the bale, box or piece. COGNAC BRANDY and MOLASSES. SACK SALT, coarse and fine. Which they will sell for cash, tobacco, or approved paper. Richmond, April 28, 1808. tf
I AM desirous to exchange the following property, or any part thereof, as may be agreed on, for a small tract of good Land, in a healthy situation, with a dwelling house and other improvements, a good spring of water, and an agreeable neighborhood, at a distance of 30 to 100 miles up the country—To say for Houses in this city—Lands in Henrico county, joining the academy lands, and near this city—2,000 acres on Richland creek, in Lincoln county, Kentucky—1,000 acres on the waters of the Ohio, in Mason county—and two tracts of Military Lands on the river Tennessee, each 866 2-3 acres. Robert Mitchell. Richmond, Feb. 6, 1808. tf
Gallego, Richard & Co.
HAVING NO LONGER ANY CONCERN IN THE
Columbian Mills, COMMONLY CALLED
ROSS'S MILLS,
Inform their friends and the public in general, that any WHEAT sent to them by water, from the upper country, will be received at THEIR MILLS ON THE CANAL; and any wheat sent them by LAND, will be received at a convenient lumber-house contiguous to their counting room. Richmond, July 11, 1808. 3m
TO RENT
And possession given the first day of October next.
The Tenement,
OCCUPIED by Alexander Planville, next door below Samuel Pleasants' Book-Store. For particulars, apply to
WILLIAM COOK. Richmond, 1st July, 1808. tf
RICHMOND
Turnpike Company.
AT a meeting of the directors of the Richmond Turnpike Company, on Thursday evening the 7th of July, 1808.
Resolved, That all shares of delinquent stockholders in this company, be sold at the Swan Tavern in this city, on Monday the 15th day of next month, at 5 o'clock, P. M. without reserve, and that the same be published in all the newspapers of this city.
Resolved, That a call of 5 dollars on each share of the stockholders in the company be made, to be paid to the treasurer on or before the 15th of next month. Teste, N. Sheppard, Clk. Richmond, July 10, 1808. tf5A
BOARDING HOUSE.
Mrs. Judith Nelson
HAVING taken the tenement belonging to H. M. William Price, lately occupied by Mr. McGraw, on the street leading from the capitol, has opened a BOARDING HOUSE, where she will take gentlemen, ladies and children, to board and lodge by the day, week, month or year. She has excellent servants, and assures those who may become her boarders, that no exertion shall be wanting to give satisfaction. Richmond, 24th July, 1808. tf
Thirty Dollars Reward.
RUNAWAY from the subscriber on the 22d inst. a Negro Man by the name of HARRY, about 20 or 21 years of age, five feet 8 or 9 inches high, his complexion rather yellow, has a hole in each ear in which he generally wears a straw, also a scar on the lower part of his breast occasioned by a knife in an affray with another negro, he wears his hair platted in several locks about his face; he is a shrewd, artful fellow, and will perhaps endeavor to pass as a freeman by the name of Harry Hall. I have reason to believe he will lurk about Petersburg, Richmond or City Point, where he was raised, as his parents are living near there. The above reward will be given to and person who will secure him in any jail so that I get him, or deliver him to me in Essex county N. C near the Red House. John Lea. 29th July, 1808. 3v*
Penitentiary Store.
SHOES at the Manufacture of the Penitentiary have been lately REDUCED, considerably below their former prices. D. J. BURR, Agent. 10th May, 1808. if
NOTICE.
WHEREAS Mr. James Fisher, by a deed executed on the first day of July, 1808, and recorded in the county court of Henrico, has assigned to the subscriber as trustee for certain of his creditors therein named, the whole of his estate of every description, (except his household furniture, and some few debts transferred by him as trustee, subsequent to the execution of said trust, as will more fully appear by a reference to the schedule annexed to said deed,) consisting of some lots in the city of Richmond, together with all his bonds, notes and accounts—This is therefore to give notice to the debtors of the said James Fisher, that all judgments obtained where the money has not been paid, all suits now depending in the courts of this commonwealth, or elsewhere, all monies in the hands of attorneys, sheriffs or others, which may have been collected by virtue of any suit debt or demand of the said James Fisher; that he is the only person authorized to receive such debts and demands and grant such acquittances and make such compromises as he may deem most advisable for the interest of said creditors. A hope is therefore cherished, that every effort on the part of said debtors, will be made, in order to a settlement of their balances, and every indulgence will be given by him to those who manifest such a disposition. And whereas it is stipulated by the contracting parties to said deed, that certain creditors of said James Fisher, who from absence or other causes, could not signify their wish of becoming parties thereto now, be it understood that if they do within sixty days, from the said first day of July, 1808, sign the said deed, that in that case, they are to be considered entitled to their ratable proportion of such money as shall be collected from the sale of property and collection of debts—otherwise, if they do not, within the time specified, make known their determination by subscribing to the terms agreed upon in the said trust, that he the said trustee shall pay over such sums as they would have been entitled to if they had acceded to the said James Fisher. Edw'd. W. Trent. 28th July, 1808. (tf)
By the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS it appears to the executive from an order made at the October term, 1807, of the district court at Winchester, duly certified by the clerk of said court, that Jacob Ockerman, who was examined for murder in the county court of Shenandoah, and adjudged by that court to be tried in the district court, and entered into recognizance to appear in the said district court, on the first day of the term, and against whom the grand jury found a bill for murder, failed to appear, and is going at large; I have therefore thought fit, by and with the advice of the council of state, to issue this proclamation, hereby offering a reward of one hundred dollars to any person or persons, who shall apprehend and conduct the said Jacob Ockerman before some one or more of the justices of the peace in and for the county of Frederick, in which county the jail of the said district court of Winchester is situate, that he may be dealt with as, in such cases, the law directs. And I do moreover enjoin all officers, civil and military, and exhort the good people of this commonwealth, to use their best endeavors to apprehend and carry before some one or more of the justices of the peace in and for the aforesaid county of Frederick, the said Jacob Ockerman, to be dealt with according to law. Given under my hand, with the seal of the (L. S.) commonwealth annexed, at Richmond, this 19th day of July, 1808. Signed, Wm. H. Cabell. By the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS it appears to the Executive by an inquisition taken before William White and James M. Williams, gentlemen, Justices of the peace for the county of Pittsylvania, that an atrocious murder was committed on the 14th day of the present month, by a certain Gardiner Mays, late of the county aforesaid, on the body of Robert Wynn, who it appears was late a deputy sheriff for the said county and in the execution of the duties of his office as such, when the said murder was committed, and that the said Gardiner Mays has fled from justice; I have therefore thought fit, with the advice of the council of state, to issue this proclamation, hereby offering a reward of two hundred dollars to any person or persons who shall apprehend and carry before some justice of the peace for the county of Pittsylvania aforesaid, the said Gardiner Mays, that he may be dealt with as directed by law. And I do moreover hereby enjoin all officers, civil and military, and exhort the good people of this commonwealth to use their best endeavors to apprehend the said Gardiner Mays, that such proceedings may be had against him as is prescribed by law. Given under my hand, with the seal of the (L. S.) commonwealth annexed, at Richmond, this 27th day of July, 1808. Signed, William H. Cabell.
A PROCLAMATION.
N. B. Gardiner Mays is from 40 to 45 years of age, 5 feet, from 3 to 5 inches high, stout and strong made, particularly in the body, in which he is longer than usual for men of his height, his arms are stout, his thighs short and small compared with his body, his legs short and well proportioned, his face a little prominent, with strong full beard, his nose large, and a little swelling from the forehead to the end, where it appears quite full; on nice observation his eyes may appear rather nearer together than usual, and it is believed there is a small blemish in one of them, perhaps the left; his hair is dark colored and short; he has been bred to labor, and is of a complexion common to men of that description. Amongst his wearing apparel, is a blue common cloth suit, lined with red flannel; a Virginia cloth coat with black buttons, button holes and black silk cape, and a pair of white cambric pantaloons and waistcoat. He occasionally carries a large butcher knife, under the breast of his coat, ground on the back to an edge, so as to represent the blade of a dirk.
Wirt's Speeches.
The Editor of the Argus has lately published the SPEECHES of WILLIAM WIRT, Esq. on the trial of Col. AARON BURR, and others—With a portrait by St. Memin.
Notice.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of CHARLES F. BATES, dec. are requested to make them known, that provision may be made to meet them. Those indebted are earnestly solicited to make speedy payment, as it will be extremely unpleasant to be compelled to resort to coercive measures. Col. HEATH J. MILLER is authorised to transact and settle all business relative thereto. Mary H. Bates, adm'x. Gooshill, July 18th 1808. 3w
RUNAWAY from the subscriber, living near Richmond, a dark mulatto man, named JOHN, about five feet 6 or 7 inches high, of a good appearance, but grum look; he has a quantity of clothing of all descriptions. I suppose he is either in Richmond or Williamsburg, as he has a wife in both places, and he came from the estate of Col. Peachy who resides in Williamsburg. Whoever will deliver the said fellow to me, shall receive five dollars, if taken in Richmond, and ten if out of the county of Henrico, or to Mr. John Poe, living with Capt. Tate. Richard Brooke. Richmond, 3d August. 1808. (4)
Richmond Tile Manufactory.
THE subscriber having procured the exclusive right to manufacture in this and several other states Harwood's much improved Patent Tile for covering houses, and at considerable expense erected the necessary buildings, &c. for carrying on that useful business extensively, now offers for sale, at a short notice, any quantity that may be required, at the moderate price of thirty five dollars per thousand, delivered at his factory. He can with confidence, founded on actual experiment, in the covering of about 20 houses in this city, assert, that houses can be covered with this tile as cheap in the first instance, as with shingles of the first quality, and when the security against fire, the difference of insurance, the durability and particular construction on these tiles to resist the most penetrating rains and snows are considered, he cannot doubt of meeting with considerable encouragement. It requires only the examination of a well covered roof to convince the most prejudiced mind of their superiority to any other tile heretofore made, or to the best slate, and will cost less than the latter, after paying the expense of water carriage to almost any part of this continent. Particular attention will be paid to orders from other town, and in all cases where they are shipped, he will deliver them whole and sound, along side of the vessels, at the expense of cartage only to the purchasers. Any person skilled in the art of tiling, will put on those tiles with great facility, but where they cannot be procured, he can engage a few here who have had some experience, and will go a moderate distance, if the job is of sufficient magnitude and their travelling expenses paid. BENJAMIN DU VAL. Richmond, March 12, 1808. N. B. I wish to sell Patent Rights in several other states. wtf B. D.
20 Dollars Reward.
Ranaway from the Subscriber living in Halifax county, at the fork of Dan and Banister river, on or about the 23d day of August last, SHADRACK, a negro man slave, aged between thirty five and forty years. He is a sensible well informed fellow, is an excellent house servant, to which business and that of a groom he was principally applied for some time by capt. John A. Fawkes his late master, previous to my purchasing him of his executors, which was only two days before his elopement. His complexion is not entirely black, but yellowish, yet of the negro yellow; has a defect in the right eye which is nearly if not quite blind, occasioned by an inflammation, and both eyes generally shew inflamed symptoms—he also has had an arm broken, but this will not be perceived without particular examination—has a bold, or open appearance, is well made, about five feet six or seven inches high, as well as recollection—uncommonly complacent and conversable for a slave, and capable if he attempts it of much deception. He carried away with him a considerable variety of good clothes, a small colored cloth coat is particularly recollected, is very fond of dress, and it is expected will appear well as to that article and attempt to pass as a free man; to effect which, it is probable, the indulgence afforded him by his late master and particularly the confidence placed in him in his last illness, was made use of to supply himself with cash—and that he has since procured from some evil disposed person false papers against which the public are cautioned in confiding. The above reward will be paid to any person delivering him to me, at my residence, or securing him in any jail so that I get him again as well as all legal and reasonable expenses. William Owen. January 4, 1808. w12p
Just Received and for Sale,
At the Bookstore of S. PLEASANTS, JR. RICHMOND, VOLUME TWO, OF The American Register, Price 3 Dollars and 25 Cents. The first volume of this work has been so long before the public that its merits are two well known to need any encomium. It may not however, be improper to observe, that it contains a very complete History of the Political Occurrences and Transactions both Foreign and Domestic, of the last year; a sketch of American and British Literature—and a valuable collection of State Papers, both American and European, besides a number of Miscellaneous Articles. Perhaps no other publication in this country, condenses so much historical information in the same limits; and being an annual publication, it is presumed that it will be deemed a necessary addition to every well furnished library. 6w
A NEW WORK.
Just received and for sale at this office, (PRICE THREE DOLLARS,) The Register of Arts, OR A COMPENDIOUS VIEW OF SOME OF THE MOST USEFUL MODERN Discoveries & Inventions. BY THOMAS G. FESSENDEN.
Royster & Behannan
Have For Sale, at their Store near the Market Bridge, Richmond, A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF
Groceries,
 —AMONG WHICH ARE—  Brown Sugar in hds & bbls  Loaf Sugar, in do  Best Green Coffee  Imperial, and Young Hyson TEAS,  Chocolate, by the box  Pimento  Pepper  Ginger  Rice  Mustard  W. I. Rum  Jamaica do  N. England do  Molasses by bhd  —Sherry and Malaga Wine  Holland and Country Gin  Spanish Segars by box or retail  Whiskey by the bbl or tierce  French Brandy  Salt by the Sack  A quantity of excellent Lard by the firkin  A large assortment of Iron Castings, every description  An assortment of Stone Ware  Queen's Ware  Soap and Candles by box  Leiper's Snuff  Writing Paper  Wrapping do  Decanters  Tumblers  Wine Glasses  Leading Lines  Bed Cords, &c &c &c 
Together with a number of other articles too tedious to enumerate—which they will sell low for cash, country produce, or approved paper in town.
It is earnestly requested that those who have long standing accounts, will settle them immediately, as no longer indulgence can be given. 17 June, 1808. wtf.
NICHOLAS HALLAM,
(NEAR THE SWAN TAVERN,)
Is in hourly expectation of a further supply of the
Best Philadelphia Leather,
Which will be continued, and for sale, on equally good terms as heretofore.
 Wax and fair Calf Skins  First quality Cossack boot legs  do. do. Long, three quar-  ter and half, draft, calf  skin and Cordovany, do.  Calf and Cordovan roundings  and binding skins  Bridle and seat leather, &c. &c.  Boots and Shoes. 
Nails of all kinds.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF
WELL CHOSEN GROCERIES.
Boots and Shoes made to measures at short notice, and rips mended gratis.
A few thousand wt. of Hams and Middlings
BACON.
The above articles may be had low for cash, produce, or approved paper at short credit. August 2, 1808. 1awtf
Buckingham County, June
Court, 1808.
Thomas and Francis Deane, for the benefit of Archd. Womack, Plaintiffs,
AGAINST
John Francis, Silas Flournoy and Samuel and Drury M. Allen acting partners of Hughes Allen & Company, Defendants.
ON the motion of the plaintiffs by counsel, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that the defendants, Drury M. Allen and Silas Flournoy are not inhabitants of this state. It is ordered and decreed, that unless they shall appear here on or before September court next, and answer the bill of the plaintiffs, the court will then proceed to take the same for confessed as to them, and decree the matter thereof accordingly; and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some public newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and another copy be posted up at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A copy,—Teste, R. ELDRIDGE, JR. D. C.
Just Published,
By C & A Conrad, & Co Philadelphia, and for sale by Samuel Pleasants, Jr. Richmond;
The Columbiad;
A Poem in 10 Books—By Joel Barlow.
THIS title announces a work of the highest interest that the re-gesta of our country or of any other can furnish. With regard to the merits of the execution, it would ill-become us, the publishers, to speak in that strain of commendation which alone would give utterance to our sentiments. Of this, the public, to whom it is now offered, will judge for themselves. We will only state one circumstance, which ought to be understood by the purchaser before we solicit his patronage. The ancient Juvenile Poem of Mr Barlow called the Vision of Columbus, is so far absorbed in this, as henceforward to disappear from the list of his works. All that he has thought worthy of the subject in that Poem has been incorporated in this—which may amount to one fourth or one third of the former work. He has now in his mature years and judgment, taken a much wider range over the immense regions of fact and fancy, than the fortunes of this hemisphere have opened to his view, and the work is now probably destined to stand, the epic song of his country." No pains or expense have been spared to give it a dress and ornament suitable to its intrinsic merit. It is in one volume royal quarto illustrated by twelve engravings on the following subjects: I. Hesper's appearance to Columbus in prison. II. Capac and Oella instructing the savages in agriculture and the domestic arts—III. Zamor killed by Capac—IV. Inquisition—V. Cesar passing the Rubicon—VI. Cruelly presiding over the Prison Ship—VII. Murder of Lucinda—VIII. Cornwallis resigning his sword to Washington—IX. Rape of the Golden Fleece—X. Initiation to the Mysteries of Isis—XI. Final resignation of prejudices. These eleven subjects were painted by the celebrated Smike, expressly for this poem. The pictures are now exhibited in the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, where the public can examine their admirable execution, and form some idea of the expense and labor bestowed on the decorations of this work. They were engraved by the first artists in England; and the engravings were in such high estimation among the amateurs, that several proof copies were sold in London at six guineas a set. To these is added a portrait of the author, painted by Robert Fulton, and finely engraved by Arthur Smith. The paper, we believe, is better than any before made in this country; and the printing by Fry & Kammerer, may be regarded as a specimen of typography hitherto unsurpassed, and seldom equalled in the world.
Fifa & Casa Executions,
For sale at this office.
At a Court of Hustings
for the city of Williamsburg, held the 28th day of June, 1808.
Robert Greenhow, Plff In
AGAINST
Thomas Reeves & James Davis, Defs. Cbsn
THE Defendant Thomas Reeves not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country, on the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on or before the fourth Monday in October next and answer the plaintiff's bill; and that a copy of this order be inserted in one of the newspapers printed in the city of Richmond for two months successively and posted at the front door of the court house of this city; & it is further ordered, that the defendant James Davis, do not pay to the said Thomas Reeves, his agent or attorney, any money or other property in his hands belonging to the said Thomas, until the further order of this court. A copy,—Teste, William Russell, C. C.
By virtue of a deed of trust executed to us by Richard C. Pollard to secure the payment of a debt due to Murphy, Brown & Co. as therein expressed, will be sold, to the highest bidder, for the best price that can be obtained in ready money, at Mrs. Ann S. Hopkins's, in the county of Nelson, on Saturday the 6th day of August next.
Four Slaves, to wit:
Daniel a negro man, Phillis a woman, Squire a boy and Pallas a girl, but as we are only trustees for the benefit of others, we will only warrant the title as to ourselves and those claiming under us.
William F. Carter.
Robert Franklin.
Warminster, July 6, 1808. wtf
Buckingham County, June
Court, 1808.
Peter Guerrant, Jr. Plaintiff
AGAINST
James Rea, William Guerrant and John Hobson, Jr. Defendants. Cbsn
ON the motion of the plaintiff by counsel, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendant James Rea is not an inhabitant of this state, It is ordered and decreed, that unless he shall appear here on or before September court next and answer the Plaintiff's bill the court will then proceed to take the same for confessed as to him, and decree the matter thereof accordingly; & that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some public newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively and another copy be posted up at the front door of the court house of this county. A Copy,—Teste, R. Eldridge, Jr. D. C. By the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS it appears to the executive by an inquisition held in the county of Northumberland, on the 21st day of September, in the year 1806, before John H. Fallin, Esq. coroner for the said county, that on the 23d day of the said month of September, in the year aforesaid, a certain George Gordon, late of the county aforesaid, stands charged with the murder of a certain negro slave named Bartley; and it appearing that after the perpetration of the said murder, the said George Gordon did immediately, and doth still fly from justice; I have therefore thought fit, with the advice of the council of state, to issue this proclamation, hereby offering a reward of one hundred dollars to any person or persons who shall apprehend and convey before some justice of the peace for the said county of Northumberland, the said George Gordon, that he may be dealt with as the law directs. And I do moreover hereby enjoin all officers civil and military, and exhort the good people of the commonwealth, to use their best endeavors to apprehend and convey as aforesaid, the said George Gordon, that he may be dealt with in the manner which the law in such cases prescribes. Given under my hand, with the seal of the (L. S.) commonwealth annexed, at Richmond, this 5th day of August, 1808. Signed, Wm. H. Cabell.
To Aaron Burr, Esq.
SIR,
TAKE NOTICE, that by virtue of a commission from the county court of Henrico, I shall proceed on the first Monday in October next, between the hours of eight in the forenoon and six in the afternoon, and between the same hours of each succeeding day, until the whole testimony is taken, at Gwathmey's tavern, in the town of Louisville, Kentucky, to take depositions to be read in evidence in a suit depending in said court, in which I am plaintiff and you are defendant. Your ob't. serv't, HENRY SCHROEDER. August 3, 1808. 5w
To Aaron Burr, Esq.
SIR,
TAKE NOTICE, that by virtue of a commission from the county court of Henrico, I shall proceed on the first Monday in October next, between the hours of eight in the forenoon and six in the afternoon, and between the same hours of each succeeding day, until the whole testimony is taken, at Wilson's tavern, in the town of Lexington, Kentucky, to take depositions to be read in evidence in three suits depending in said court, in which I am plaintiff and you are defendant. Your ob't. serv't, ROBERT MILLER. August 3, 1808. 5w
Dampier's CARDS,
HAND-BILLS,
LAWYERS,
CLERKS & SHERIFFS BLANKS, &c.
ARE NEATLY
AND EXPEDITIOUSLY PRINTED AT THE
ARGUS OFFICE.

of the magnitude of the French war, by subsidizing every nation to commence hostilities, and has been the principal cause of substantiating and increasing the power of France, let her get out of her difficulties, by doing justice to those whose commercial rights she has violated, and by limiting the rapacity of her claims on the ocean.
While the federalists pretend to dread the omnipotence of Bonaparte, let them at least be civil in their language towards him. They do and say all they can to provoke his indignation, and yet they are constantly lamenting the danger of his resentments. He has not yet shown a hostile disposition towards us in any proportion to the English, and yet the British Junta are constantly eulogizing the magnanimity of the English, and cursing the perfidy of the French. If England was as powerful as France, this country would feel its effects with ten times greater violence than at present. Civility and decency in our deportment towards the French, are more salutary than the gross calumny daily published in the federal papers against them.
From the National Intelligencer. LETTER II. TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.
It will be frankly admitted, that the object of the former number of this paper, was to render manifest some of the earliest and greatest of those aggressions on the rights and trade of neutrals, and those infractions of "the usages of war among civilized nations," whereby it is believed, that England has brought the world to its present extreme condition of passion and violence. We shall now pursue the subject.
It is more than ten years since England, thro' her late Admiral, Sir Horatio Nelson, announced to Spain, that for the mere cause of her having made war against England, "it was found right that Spain should no longer have any trade." If Spain now, in concert with France, retains that excessive idea, it was England that sowed the unfortunate and unwarrantable example of an unheard of infraction of neutral rights. In the first case England noticed to the neutrals, that they were to conform to this determination. She cannot deny, that such conduct in Spain now, is a simple retaliation on her, and a use of neutrals, like to her own use of them. All this was done as a punishment to Spain for joining France, and of course gave France a right to consider the irregularity of England towards the neutrals, as matters for which she might retaliate. Thus neutrals were either drawn too close to France and Spain if they were kind and just, or were subjected to like evils from them, in consequence of these British irregularities and evasions.
Britain with Spain early in 1793, before her June orders, openly threatened Tuscany and Genoa with violence, declared the neutral conduct of Tuscany inadmissible, and forced her to abandon her legitimate neutrality. At Copenhagen also in 1807, they declared, that the Danes should not be neutral, and forced them out of their neutrality. The British ministry, then embarrassed to Tuscany declared in a public letter, that to be neutral in the war against France, was to be "an accomplice" with her, violating neutrality as guilt! If France has been guilty of similar declarations since those acts, has not England by those prior pernicious acts of fatal example, brought on this excessive conduct of France? England and Prussia drove the French ministers from neutral Florence, in the same year. The same attempt was made in 1793 on Denmark. Thus England used, abused and perverted neutrals against France. This was a prelude and provocation to many of those acts, of which England, culpable as we prove her, now complains against the French government. If they now commit such outrages of neutral rights, England, by her pernicious and early examples, has excited France to these things. Towards England they are more merciful. We speak known-recorded-historical truths. We comment not England or France, but we show-we prove that England really and long ago began the perversions and injuries of neutrals on shore or many shores, as it was at sea. She had then no plea of necessity, for she was at that time in peace, and afterwards supported in the war by the vast forces of Russia, Sweden, Austria, Prussia, Spain and Holland, against France alone.
Britain has subjugated all India, monopolized its trade, and excluded from it French produce, manufactures, ships and men. And India, as acquired by England, has more millions of men & more had more sovereign princes than Europe, as acquired or even influenced by France. England holds in chains the commerce of all India. If France does the same by Europe, who set the avowed object, despite and perditions example? It would be the extreme of error for Great Britain to think that she is not observed and well understood. It is time to proclaim these things from our house tops, in all our sea ports, and from our hills and mountains. Let firm and faithful voices proclaim our sufferings from the continental powers of Europe as (as they really are) from the reprobations of the illegitimate measures of Great Britain. Clapper and voice, day and hour can be quoted in proof of these early, frequent and continued English provocations of the belligerents, these English aggressions upon neutrals, these English causes of the evils of our country. A joint system of foreign "orders of council" and "imperial decrees" have cut off our supplies, shut in our crops, and forced us into an embargo. For these orders of council, England has no legitimate plea or excuse, and France has no apology but in the prior conduct of England. Thus England is not only deeply indebted to us herself but is the real cause of extreme mischiefs to us from others-from all the rest of the civilized world.
geous and wicked obstructions, which meet our crops on the free ocean in the way to foreign markets-an evil, which can so well annihilate, as the den and of your own mills and looms, your own carding and spinning machinery, your own processes and your own necessities in aid or in execution of the useful arts. We do not persuade you to manufacture; we announce to you, that you must manufacture, that you will manufacture. We do not tell you, that already you do manufacture. Do you want a just, an innocent, a noble, a complete satisfaction from Britain for all her own aggressions, and all the evils of the retaliations she has provoked? Do you want to free her in millions for her actual producing the embargo? Do you want to bring her to condign punishment for the injuries of forty years long, with which she has grieved you? Then let one set of Americans seize her carding machinery, another her spinning mills, a third her breweries, a fourth her grain and molasses distilleries, a fifth her stocking frames, a sixth her cloth looms, a seventh her hammers, an eighth her anvils, a ninth her rollers, and so with the other branches, till you make all her useful arts, trades and manufactures completely your own, and establish markets for your own produce. This will be death to her naval and commercial usurpations, and life to you. It will lay the sure foundation of her future moderation and of your future independence. All other remedies are demoralizing-bloody and ruinous in expense. This will feed and clothe instead of murdering man. It will enrich your country instead of wasting it by foreign plunder and domestic war. It will make the best of our situation and place you in a condition the best of your fellow men. It is impossible to forestall to what height the manufacturing system of a country, forced as ours now is by foreign obstructions to the sales of our produce, may rise. It is impossible to say to what height manufactures, impeded by excises may ascend, how wide they may spread, how deep they may take root.
Look at a fact. In the centre of Pennsylvania, a single county, more than 120 miles from Philadelphia, Baltimore and Pittsburgh, has received and sold in six months from the latter place, 23,250 bales of cotton wool raised on the Ohio, Tennessee, and Mississippi. Of this cotton there are 80 millions of lbs. raised within our country, counting the hand of the maiden and the arm of the manufacturer. The market for produce, fed by our manufactures, is much more sure than that afforded by our commerce. Foreign plunder, foreign despotism, cannot touch our manufactures. Nothing scarcely can protect our commerce from spoliation and violence. To protect manufactures you only require to maintain the blessings of law and order. To protect commerce, you must make and maintain such an immense military force, as the British government have slung, under the form of a navy, around the necks of their people, to secure them profit, public spirit, a majority of opinions-all this require that Great Britain shall from this day be most impressively administered, that if we do not plough and trade, we will-we must plough and manufacture.
JUNISCOLA. Virginia Argus. RICHMOND: FRIDAY, AUGUST 12, 1808.
The subject of Spanish affairs has excited a great variety of opinions, and a still greater variety of calculations. There are some persons who do not intend to justify the conduct of Bonaparte, but at the same time, express the opinion, that as the political state of this devoted country, cannot be worse, it may under his influence, become better. It is true that the common class, who are doomed to almost unremitted toil and drudgery, enjoy as few privileges as the ancient Helots of Sparta. The remark is applied to this country with peculiar emphasis, that as soon as the eye is taken off from the first circle of society, it beholds nothing but servility, meanness and degeneracy. This remark is beyond doubt, correct, but it will apply more or less, to every country under the canpy or Heaven. The only difference that can be traced between the first order of society in a monarchy, and that of a republic, is, that art prevails instead of nature, and power instead of merit: in the first case, the distinction is arbitrarily conferred, without regard to genius and virtue, whilst they in the last, are the only passports to eminence. The distinction which is established in this way, is more beloved and equally respected, but less feared from its power, and less dazzled with its lustre. No matter then, in what country we seek for a people, without grades and distinctions, we shall seek in vain, and no matter in what country we look, we shall always find a certain class, dinctured with servility, meanness and degeneracy.
We would enquire of the advocates of this theory, if this is sufficient cause for invasion and conquest, merely that one portion of society enjoys blessings and distinctions which are unenjoyed by another. There is a lag-end in every political society, in some countries worse than in others, in monarchies than in republics, and in none more than in Great Britain, and therefore, according to this doctrine, Bonaparte ought to conquer and possess it, that under his influence it might become better. Thus, it is evident, that this political sympathy would lead to the most dreadful state of intolerance, than which the most dark and gloomy despotism cannot be more hateful. If the enjoyment of opinion is the most sacred precept in the decalogue of liberty, surely we should extend it to nations as well as to individuals, to millions as well as to a
few. If then the Spaniards are attached to their present system of polity, and every account furnishes evidence of their infatuated attachment, it surely would be the veriest excess of intolerance, to tell them that unless they would give it up, it should be taken away, and that unless they would accept the one that is proffered they should be sacrificed. The opinion to which we allude, must be suggested by a cold, calculating sympathy, for it could have had no birth in the heart, and it must spring from a jesuitical brain whose policy has never been tempered by the soft touches of pity and humanity. If any one prefers to remain in darkness and will not follow the light when presented to his eyes, let him enjoy his preference. If the enthusiast adores theaper of the night rather than the orb of day, or if a bigot will fix his faith in a toy more than in the Holy Ghost, or if the infidel chooses to laugh at them all as the mockery of fools, and if reason cannot bring them right, it is unpardonable to employ force.
These remarks are suggested in consequence of hearing the opinion loudly and stubbornly supported that Spain would gain by losing, wou'd rise by falling.
Without enquiring into the mode of Government that Bonaparte intends to administer to Spain, or the consequences that will arise from its being annexed to France, we will only ask if Bonaparte is to judge of the happiness of Nations, as if it does not come up to his standard hat he shall instantly subdue it, and establish his own. Suppose he was to form the same opinion of the American people! This theory is too wild for reflection, too sophistical for argument and almost too childish for discussion, and yet it has been, and is now advanced by many to justify all the blood he has wasted and the countries he has conquered. When we leave this speculation, which is in fact nothing more than that Bonaparte is entitled to every nation in the world that he wishes, we are presented with another enquiry more susceptible of reasoning and more important in its consequence. Here the calm lights of mild philosophy concentrate in the focus of policy, & in this point of view we must place the case between Spain and England & France. What will be the probable consequences to the United States? when we say that the conquest of Spain by France will not be injurious to the U. States, we are in a great measure authorised by fact and experience. For it is admitted on all hands, that Spain has been for a long time to every intent and purpose completely under the control and direction of Bonaparte. The design which some ghost-believing minds apprehend from his conquest ought to have been apprehended long since, for surely if he ever was giddy enough to think of attacking the United States, he would not have waited until this time, when his power is diminished by distracting a country, which before was undivided in his service. We also take it for granted that the same causes which have existed to prevent him hitherto, will continue to exist. This suspicion is entirely a federal trick to frighten the mind into British love and alliance.
When we say that the preservation of Spain by the aid of Great Britain will be injurious to the U. S. we are also authorised by fact and experience. The evidence and the guilt of British injustice is too recent for recitation, her overbearing temper is too obdurate for conviction, and but for the embargo we might expect a repetition with double atrocity. Any new trade that is opened to Great Britain excites a glow of health upon her system and softens the rigor of her orders in council in regard to herself, and tends to weaken the force of our embargo; in as much as it does this, the preservation of Anglo-Spain will prove extremely injurious. The advantage which England has already derived from Spain is considerable, and will be infinitely more so, when she establishes her trade with the Spanish isles and continental possessions. Under these circumstances, when we consult the god of our country, we ought to wish for Spanish and English defeat.
The North American has caught with avidity at the circumstance of Mr. Johnson's receding from his design of opposing Mr. Randolph, and from the manner in which it is stated, would insinuate that all opposition is vain, that the popularity of Mr. R. is fixed upon a base which will even dash aside the strong stream of ministerial approbation. It was perhaps recollected by the "North American" that this is the same Mr. Johnston who stereame his Magnus Apollo, Timothy Pickering, who refused when he was secretary of state, to present an address of the people to the President of the United States. It is true that Mr. J. has withdrawn but from what cause we are ignorant, it is not however to be attributed
to the overweening and opposed popularity of Mr. R. we shall in a very few days be enabled to blight these budding hopes of federalism, as we are confidently assured that the people of that district admire the administration and are determined to elect a man who loves his government at home and feels respect and sensibility for its character abroad.
In consequence of the rain on Tuesday evening last, which for violence and rapidity, was unequalled in the memory of the most aged inhabitants, we received no papers, as the mail could not reach Richmond. It commenced about 4 o'clock P. M. and continued about an hour and 20 minutes. So great a swell of water in the streets was never witnessed before, even during the longest rains; in the course of this time the stream under the market bridge rose within about three feet of the top of the arch, a height which no fresh ever before reached. One of the arches some distance above Rutherford's mills was completely washed away, which of course will stop the operations of the Arroyo. Many parts of the canal were overflowed, and according to our information the damage sustained amounts to about 10,000 $.
The following article is extracted from the Albany Register, one of the oldest and most respectable republican printers in the state of New-York:-
Some recent remarks of the Evening Post, on an article from the American Citizen, serve to strengthen our belief, that there can be no medium in the public sentiment between federalism and republicanism. There can be but two parties-the friends of LIBERTY, and her enemies. The Post says, that if the public sentiment changes from the JEFFERSONIAN, it will not stop at the CLINTONIAN policy. This, by the bye, is another stab at Governor CLINTON, by representing him as an enemy to the republican system of Mr. JEFFERSON. We know very well, that the federalists never will-that they never intended to-support Governor Clinton for the Presidency: And we believe the patriotism of Governor Clinton would induce him to reject their support, which even if it ensured him success, might be the means of blasting his fame. The fact is that the federalists will do all they can to excite division in the republican ranks, and when they think the flame of discord is sufficiently increased for their purposes, they will make a bold push to squeeze in Rufus King or Gen. Pinkney, between the disunited republican parties. But in this, highly as we revere Governor Clinton, we should rejoice to see them disappointed by the election of Mr. Madison.
From the Mercantile Advertiser. SIR,
As it may be interesting to the public to know the particulars of Capt. Ichabod Sheffield's throwng over the Turks in the Mediterranean, from on board the schooner Mary Ann, after having been captured by an Algerine frigate of 44 guns, and being in their possession 4 days, I have procured them as correctly as I could, and now lay the same before the public through the medium of your paper, hoping he and his brave companions who so justly merit the bounty of their countrymen, may not go unrewarded for risking their lives in so desperate an undertaking.
Yours &c. A SUBSCRIBER.
On the 26th of October last, within the Straits of Gibraltar, saw a sail to the Northward. On her bearing down she proved to be a frigate with English colors. After firing three shot, which fell near us, she struck her colors. When alongside they hauled down the English colors and hoisted the Bloody Flag. They sent on board their boat, and took out the capt. and three men. After two hours detention, the boat returned with the capt. on board the schooner, accompanied by 9 Algerines, all armed, who steered direct for Algiers. Being in their possession upwards 90 hours the captain held a consultation with the mate and cook; when fearing they should never again see the United States, they chose rather to die than submit as slaves for life to Turkish tyranny. The vessel at this time was within three miles of the land, and in sight of the shipping in the harbor of Algiers. Accordingly the Cook was stationed at the pump and the mate at the cabin door, when the captain threw the grains over the quarter into the sea. Four of the Turks went to the side to see if he had caught a fish. The Captain then seized the prize-master, and threw him overboard; the mate at the same time seized the one next to him, and did the like; the cook then came to their assistance, and they threw over the third. The remaining six attacked them very furiously with handspikes. The captain clinched the second prize-master and threw him into the sea, while the mate and cook killed two. Of the remaining three, two who refused to submit were killed; one they preserved and carried safely into Naples, where the vessel fortunately arrived after six days.
During the contest, the captain and mate received several desperate blows from the Turks; and while they were on board they compelled the capt. and mate to go aloft and assist in navigating the vessel.
* * At 4 o'clock on Sunday next, the Rev. Mr. ELLIS will preach a CHARITY SERMON, at the Methodist Meeting House, for the benefit of the School under the direction of the Female Humane Association.
AT a meeting of the trustees of the Richmond Academy, at the capitol, August 9, 1808. Ordered, That the following resolution be published for the information of those concerned. "From the difficulty which it is expected will be experienced in the further sale of tickets in the 3d class of the Richmond Academy Lottery, owing to the present situation of the country, it is Resolved, That notice be given to the holders of tickets in the said third class, that they return the said tickets to those of
whom they were purchased, for the purpose of having the purchase money returned. Extract from the proceedings. Attest, SAMUEL COLEMAN, Sec'y."
MASON'S HALL. Mr. Manfredi
Will perform to-morrow evening, Aug. 13.
HE will begin his spectacle by the Great Dance on the Tight Rope, which will commence by the nimble Little American, who will shew a dance in character with the balancing pole, with a variety of changes, steps and capers done by himself. Miss Miniguina will be of the second count on the Tight Rope, with the balance pole; she will perform with all the nimble and enticing graces incident to her age and sex, the dance taught her by the celebrated Xestris.
Miss Catharine will perform a Dance with the pole, called, Demi Characteristic, with all the modesty and decorum, which ladies of the first distinction may have a right to expect. She will also perform, without the pole, several agreeable and very enticing feats to the respectable spectators. The who's to follow with the Feats of Mr. Manfredi, who will Isly, Dance a Hornpipe, with all the steps and counter steps, according to time and measure of music, as if he was on the floor, and with the pole in his hand.
After which he will perform a Dance, called the Cossac Dance, to all satisfaction, and will leap over a ribbon fifteen feet high (from the floor) backwards and forwards, to the great wonder of the spectators. Miss Catharine, will likewise mount the tight rope, without the aid of any balance, and will touch on the Mandoline, several Italian and American tunes to attract applause: She will display the Feats of one Sikk Banner at once, form the wings of a Wind Mill with manifold new and recent inventions of her own genius.
Mr. Manfredi, without the aid of the balance, will display the great feat of the Hoop, in changing, and various positions, through which he will pass so imperceptibly that no one will be able to discern in what manner it is done, in several distinct ways from each other. He will beat the Drum on the rope, in measure, and there-by shew the effects of thunder and its intensity; he will also exhibit the feats of the Glass of Wine in the Hoop, on the tight rope.
Miss Catharine will perform many curious feats on the slack wire.
ACT II. Agility and Nimble Feats of Youth. They will perform on the carpet, several surprising feats of Tumbling, in the Italian style, Somersets and other tricks, too numerous to relate, in which the Little American will exert the superior skill of juvenile talents in his growing profession as a clown. The tumblers will make many and various perilous leaps, and extraordinary feats in tumbling on the ground, and somersets over tables and chairs, in the English and Spanish style.
Mr. Manfredi will dance a Spanish Fandango over a dozen of eggs, blindfolded, without breaking one.
ACT III. The great Pyramids and strenuous exploits of Hercules. Mr. Manfredi will show many perspectives in this kind, with two, four and five persons, in a late and new invention, which have never been exhibited in this country. To conclude with a Hornpipe by Miss Catharine.
Doors to be opened at seven o'clock, and the performance to commence at half past seven, precisely.---Admission 50 cents
A FEW COPIES OF BROUGHAM'S CELEBRATED SPEECH AGAINST THE BRITISH ORDERS IN COUNCIL; AND, Baring's Pamphlet, On the same subject, are just received and for sale at this office.
Just received at this office. Part 2d of vol. 8th---or No. 15 of Dr. Rees' New Cyclopaedia.
ALSO Nos. 7, 8 and 9, of The Military Library. * * Subscribers to the above works are requested to apply for their books.
TO RENT, The House and Lot, LATELY occupied by Miss Frances Hughes, pleasantly situated on Shockoe Hill and very convenient for the accommodation of a family. Also, For Sale, Two Good Milch Cows, That have been raised in and about the city. Thomas Elliott. Richmond, August 8, 1808
Notice. A PETITION will be presented to the General Assembly at their next session, praying that the width of certain streets on Shockoe Hill, may be reduced to sixty-six feet. August 10, 1808.
THE 3d No. OF COL. TOUSARD'S AMERICAN Artillerists' Companion, Is ready for delivery to subscribers at this office. A few copies for sale.