The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1807-02-17 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE.....AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE.....AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 91.]
NUMBER 91.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 17, 1807.
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 17, 1807.
[VOLUME 3.]
[VOLUME 3.]
VIRGINIA BANK STOCK.....101.
VIRGINIA BANK STOCK.....101.
Richmond Prices Current.
Richmond Prices Current.
   Dolls. Cts.     Tobacco, 5 3/4   Wheat, New, 1 12   Flour—superfine, New, 6 50   fine, 5   Corn per barrel, 2 12   Bacon—per lb. 12   Bar Iron—per ton, 120   Whiskey—per gallon, 58  
   Dolls. Cts.     Tobacco, 5 3/4   Wheat, New, 1 12   Flour—superfine, New, 6 50   fine, 5   Corn per barrel, 2 12   Bacon—per lb. 12   Bar Iron—per ton, 120   Whiskey—per gallon, 58  
NOTICE.
NOTICE.
By virtue of three Deeds of Trust, executed to the undersigned, by William Cooke, of the county of Goochland, (and of record, in the court of that county,) for the purpose of securing the payment of a debt due to John Shelton and Son, and funding other debts due to John L. Harris & Co. will be exposed to sale, to the highest bidder, for ready money, at Goochland (Court House,) on Saturday the 14th day of March next:
By virtue of three Deeds of Trust, executed to the undersigned, by William Cooke, of the county of Goochland, (and of record, in the court of that county,) for the purpose of securing the payment of a debt due to John Shelton and Son, and funding other debts due to John L. Harris & Co. will be exposed to sale, to the highest bidder, for ready money, at Goochland (Court House,) on Saturday the 14th day of March next:
A TRACT OF LAND, the property of said Cooke, now in the occupancy of George Underwood; lying in the county of Goochland, adjoining the lands of John Markham, John Lewis, Lewis Powers, and others; containing between three and four hundred acres, as expressed in said several Deeds of Trust.
A TRACT OF LAND, the property of said Cooke, now in the occupancy of George Underwood; lying in the county of Goochland, adjoining the lands of John Markham, John Lewis, Lewis Powers, and others; containing between three and four hundred acres, as expressed in said several Deeds of Trust.
FREDERICK HARRIS, } Trustees.
FREDERICK HARRIS, } Trustees.
WILLIAM MILLER, } February 13. (tdf.)
WILLIAM MILLER, } February 13. (tdf.)
NOTICE.
NOTICE.
By virtue of a Trust Deed executed to us by Mrs. Margaret West, we shall on Saturday the 28th inst. expose to sale by public auction to the highest bidder, for ready money, upon the premises:
By virtue of a Trust Deed executed to us by Mrs. Margaret West, we shall on Saturday the 28th inst. expose to sale by public auction to the highest bidder, for ready money, upon the premises:
ALL the remaining part of that Tract, piece or parcel of Ground, heretofore undivided, of, situate, lying and being in the city of Richmond, and which is commonly called and known by the name of Queen's Academy ground: or so much thereof, as may be sufficient to pay and satisfy two instalments of 1000 dolls. each, due to Mr. Yeatmans Smith of the city of Richmond, and the cost and charges of executing this trust.
ALL the remaining part of that Tract, piece or parcel of Ground, heretofore undivided, of, situate, lying and being in the city of Richmond, and which is commonly called and known by the name of Queen's Academy ground: or so much thereof, as may be sufficient to pay and satisfy two instalments of 1000 dolls. each, due to Mr. Yeatmans Smith of the city of Richmond, and the cost and charges of executing this trust.
SAMUEL MCRAW, } Trustees.
SAMUEL MCRAW, } Trustees.
GEORGE FISHER, } Feb. 10. (tdf.)
GEORGE FISHER, } Feb. 10. (tdf.)
NOTICE.
NOTICE.
THE creditors of Henry McClatchy, are requested to lodge their claims properly authenticated with either of the subscribers on or before the first of next month as on Tuesday the 10 proximo. A final dividend of the estate will be made by
THE creditors of Henry McClatchy, are requested to lodge their claims properly authenticated with either of the subscribers on or before the first of next month as on Tuesday the 10 proximo. A final dividend of the estate will be made by
THOS. GILLIAM, } Trustees.
THOS. GILLIAM, } Trustees.
ALLAN POLLOK, } February 6. (opbw.)
ALLAN POLLOK, } February 6. (opbw.)
NOTICE.
NOTICE.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of John Pendleton, esq. late of the City of Richmond, dec'd. are requested to exhibit them to either of the subscribers as speedily as possible.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of John Pendleton, esq. late of the City of Richmond, dec'd. are requested to exhibit them to either of the subscribers as speedily as possible.
GEO. PICKETT, } Administrators. ROBERT POLLARD, CHS. JOHNSTON, N. SHEPPARD.
GEO. PICKETT, } Administrators. ROBERT POLLARD, CHS. JOHNSTON, N. SHEPPARD.
November 18. (tf.)
November 18. (tf.)
LAND FOR SALE.
LAND FOR SALE.
By virtue of a Trust, executed by the late James Taylor of the county of New-Kent, and state of Virginia, dec'd. to secure the payment of a sum of money due by him to Gilliam and Mackinder: will positively be sold without reserve, on the twelfth day of March next, at New-Kent courthouse.
By virtue of a Trust, executed by the late James Taylor of the county of New-Kent, and state of Virginia, dec'd. to secure the payment of a sum of money due by him to Gilliam and Mackinder: will positively be sold without reserve, on the twelfth day of March next, at New-Kent courthouse.
THE following Tract or Parcel of LAND situate in the lower end of New-Kent; containing by a late survey, four hundred acres, commonly called and known by the name of Pond Marsh, which said tract or parcel of Land is bounded by the Lands of Thomas Piement, Edwin Godwin, dec'd. Armistead Russell and John Richardson, dec'd. and lately in the occupation of the said James Taylor. Terms of sale cash.
THE following Tract or Parcel of LAND situate in the lower end of New-Kent; containing by a late survey, four hundred acres, commonly called and known by the name of Pond Marsh, which said tract or parcel of Land is bounded by the Lands of Thomas Piement, Edwin Godwin, dec'd. Armistead Russell and John Richardson, dec'd. and lately in the occupation of the said James Taylor. Terms of sale cash.
THOMAS JORDAN, Trustee.
THOMAS JORDAN, Trustee.
February 6. (tdf.)
February 6. (tdf.)
Sales at Auction.
Sales at Auction.
On Wednesday the eleventh March, will be sold on the premises:
On Wednesday the eleventh March, will be sold on the premises:
THAT VALUABLE LOT, on Shockoe Hill, commencing in front at Mr. Pickett's corner, and extending to within 30 feet of the south west corner on the cross street. It has on it a well built Brick Office, and is situated within a convenient distance of the Capitol. The front being about 120 feet will be divided into three Lots, should it suit purchasers.—Terms made known on day of sale.
THAT VALUABLE LOT, on Shockoe Hill, commencing in front at Mr. Pickett's corner, and extending to within 30 feet of the south west corner on the cross street. It has on it a well built Brick Office, and is situated within a convenient distance of the Capitol. The front being about 120 feet will be divided into three Lots, should it suit purchasers.—Terms made known on day of sale.
TAYLOR & BROWN, Auctioneers.
TAYLOR & BROWN, Auctioneers.
February 13. (tdf.)
February 13. (tdf.)
Sales at Auction.
Sales at Auction.
On Wednesday the 4th of March, will be sold on the premises:
On Wednesday the 4th of March, will be sold on the premises:
SEVEN ACRES OF LAND, adjoining the south side of the ground attached to the poor house. There are on them a good Dwelling House of wood, with three rooms, a Kitchen and other convenient out-houses.—Terms, one fourth cash, one fourth on the 25th June, one fourth on the 25th September, and the other fourth at Christmas. A deed of trust to secure the payment will be required.
SEVEN ACRES OF LAND, adjoining the south side of the ground attached to the poor house. There are on them a good Dwelling House of wood, with three rooms, a Kitchen and other convenient out-houses.—Terms, one fourth cash, one fourth on the 25th June, one fourth on the 25th September, and the other fourth at Christmas. A deed of trust to secure the payment will be required.
TAYLOR & BROWN, v. m.
TAYLOR & BROWN, v. m.
February 13. (tdf.)
February 13. (tdf.)
Sales at Auction.
Sales at Auction.
THE Subscriber having determined to confine his attention solely to the manufacturing of Burr Mill Stones, will sell at Public Auction, at his store on Tuesday the 17th inst. without reserve: all his STOCK IN TRADE, consisting of a general assortment of DRY GOODS & GROCERIES.—On all sums above 50 dolls. ninety days credit will be allowed the purchasers, giving endorers to be approved of by Messrs. Taylor & Brown, who will conduct the sale.
THE Subscriber having determined to confine his attention solely to the manufacturing of Burr Mill Stones, will sell at Public Auction, at his store on Tuesday the 17th inst. without reserve: all his STOCK IN TRADE, consisting of a general assortment of DRY GOODS & GROCERIES.—On all sums above 50 dolls. ninety days credit will be allowed the purchasers, giving endorers to be approved of by Messrs. Taylor & Brown, who will conduct the sale.
WILLIAM DAVIDSON.
WILLIAM DAVIDSON.
February 13. (tdf.)
February 13. (tdf.)
FOR SALE.
FOR SALE.
THE HOUSE & LOT occupied by Messrs Robert Neilson & Co. opposite to Messrs. Gilliam & Kirby's. The situation of this property is equal to any in Richmond for business, and possesses every accommodation for a family. Enquire of—
THE HOUSE & LOT occupied by Messrs Robert Neilson & Co. opposite to Messrs. Gilliam & Kirby's. The situation of this property is equal to any in Richmond for business, and possesses every accommodation for a family. Enquire of—
THOS. NORVELL.
THOS. NORVELL.
Jan. 13. (tf.)
Jan. 13. (tf.)
FOR SALE.
FOR SALE.
A GOOD BILL on Louisville, Kentucky, for 8 or 900 dollars.—Apply to
A GOOD BILL on Louisville, Kentucky, for 8 or 900 dollars.—Apply to
B. W. COLEMAN, Brewing-Green, Va.
B. W. COLEMAN, Brewing-Green, Va.
Jan. 22. (law3w 9.)
Jan. 22. (law3w 9.)
JOHN ALCOCK,
JOHN ALCOCK,
INFORMS the Citizens of Richmond, and the public in general, that he has moved to the City of Richmond, where he has opened a complete assortment of Merchandise, next door to Messrs. Prosser and Moncure's Vendue Store, and opposite the Eagle; consisting partly of the following articles:—
INFORMS the Citizens of Richmond, and the public in general, that he has moved to the City of Richmond, where he has opened a complete assortment of Merchandise, next door to Messrs. Prosser and Moncure's Vendue Store, and opposite the Eagle; consisting partly of the following articles:—
 LONDON Spring, Pannel and hand-Saws, Cast-steel and German do.  Cafee Files of every description,  Till Locks, bras and iron,  Wood Screws of every size,  3d. 4d. & 6d. wrought Sprigs,  10d. & 20d. wrought Nails,  2d. & 3d. fine drawn Clouts,  Saddler's Tacks of every size,  Brafs Nails, Straining & Girt Webb,  Plated Bridle Bits assorted,  Do. Airpur Irons do.  Brafs mounted steel blade Squares,  Brafs and Iron chamber door Locks of every size,  Stock Locks of all sizes,  Looking and Ladies dressing Glasses,  Plated Moulding,  Silver mounted Whips of every size,  Carpenters & Joiners Tools of every description.  Also, an assortment of DRY GOODS.  Superfine Cloths and Cashmeres,  Benner's Velvet and Patent Cord,  Manchester Stuff,  Fashionable Silk Hosiery,  Rose and Duffel Blankets,  Coarse Linens. and a number of other articles too tedious to insert; all of which will be sold low.  December 13. tf.
 LONDON Spring, Pannel and hand-Saws, Cast-steel and German do.  Cafee Files of every description,  Till Locks, bras and iron,  Wood Screws of every size,  3d. 4d. & 6d. wrought Sprigs,  10d. & 20d. wrought Nails,  2d. & 3d. fine drawn Clouts,  Saddler's Tacks of every size,  Brafs Nails, Straining & Girt Webb,  Plated Bridle Bits assorted,  Do. Airpur Irons do.  Brafs mounted steel blade Squares,  Brafs and Iron chamber door Locks of every size,  Stock Locks of all sizes,  Looking and Ladies dressing Glasses,  Plated Moulding,  Silver mounted Whips of every size,  Carpenters & Joiners Tools of every description.  Also, an assortment of DRY GOODS.  Superfine Cloths and Cashmeres,  Benner's Velvet and Patent Cord,  Manchester Stuff,  Fashionable Silk Hosiery,  Rose and Duffel Blankets,  Coarse Linens. and a number of other articles too tedious to insert; all of which will be sold low.  December 13. tf.
JOHN ALCOCK,
JOHN ALCOCK,
INFORMS his friends and the public, that he still carries on his CABINET MANUFACTORY in all its branches. He has removed his Ware-Room in the front house of William Art's, Esq. and adjoining the Fire Insurance Office, where he has a large quantity of ready made work on hand, which he will sell low. He flatters himself that if any persons are in want of anything in the Cabinet line, they may be supplied. I am determined to have good warranted work done on the lowest terms. Any orders left at my Ware-Room with Mr. John Gray, my foreman, or at my store, shall be punctually attended to, and great care taken in delivering the furniture.
INFORMS his friends and the public, that he still carries on his CABINET MANUFACTORY in all its branches. He has removed his Ware-Room in the front house of William Art's, Esq. and adjoining the Fire Insurance Office, where he has a large quantity of ready made work on hand, which he will sell low. He flatters himself that if any persons are in want of anything in the Cabinet line, they may be supplied. I am determined to have good warranted work done on the lowest terms. Any orders left at my Ware-Room with Mr. John Gray, my foreman, or at my store, shall be punctually attended to, and great care taken in delivering the furniture.
December 13. tf.
December 13. tf.
IN COUNCIL, Friday, 8th February, 1807.
IN COUNCIL, Friday, 8th February, 1807.
THE Executive conceiving it to be a duty which they owe to humanity and to the laws, to ascertain and to publish, and if proper so far as may consist with any powers vested in them, to punish the offence said to have been lately committed at the barracks in the city of Richmond which eventuated in the death of Mr. JOHN MCCREDIE, whose loss is sincerely deplored by the Executive.
THE Executive conceiving it to be a duty which they owe to humanity and to the laws, to ascertain and to publish, and if proper so far as may consist with any powers vested in them, to punish the offence said to have been lately committed at the barracks in the city of Richmond which eventuated in the death of Mr. JOHN MCCREDIE, whose loss is sincerely deplored by the Executive.
It is to that end unanimously Resolved, that Messrs. Heath, Henning and Munford be appointed a committee, to ascertain and report to the Executive, as soon as may be convenient, all material circumstances in any degree relating to that tragic event, and particularly whether the orders given by the Governor to the commandant of the guard, in relation to the conduct proper on all occasions to be observed by the centinels belonging to that corps, have been regularly repeated by the said commandant to the troops under his command.
It is to that end unanimously Resolved, that Messrs. Heath, Henning and Munford be appointed a committee, to ascertain and report to the Executive, as soon as may be convenient, all material circumstances in any degree relating to that tragic event, and particularly whether the orders given by the Governor to the commandant of the guard, in relation to the conduct proper on all occasions to be observed by the centinels belonging to that corps, have been regularly repeated by the said commandant to the troops under his command.
It is ordered that the preceding resolution, together with extracts from the Governor's orders concerning the conduct proper to be observed by the centinels belonging to the public guard, be published in all the news-papers in the city of Richmond.
It is ordered that the preceding resolution, together with extracts from the Governor's orders concerning the conduct proper to be observed by the centinels belonging to the public guard, be published in all the news-papers in the city of Richmond.
DANL. L. HYLTION, Clk. of the Council.
DANL. L. HYLTION, Clk. of the Council.
The following is an extract from a letter of Gov. Monroe to Capt. Alexander Quarrier, the commandant of the public guard, dated May 5, 1805; on the subject of the conduct proper to be observed by the centinels of the public guard, he expresses himself as follows:
The following is an extract from a letter of Gov. Monroe to Capt. Alexander Quarrier, the commandant of the public guard, dated May 5, 1805; on the subject of the conduct proper to be observed by the centinels of the public guard, he expresses himself as follows:
"In general they should be cautioned not to direct their piece with a view to strike the object, but in cases where they are of opinion the person is bent on some evil design, such as to take or surprize the centinel or get into the Capitol to take the arms, or other public property. Sometimes persons intoxicated may pass near the centinel, or even insult him. In such cases it would be much to be regretted if such persons should be killed. If he be kept at a distance by the point of the bayonet it will be sufficient."
"In general they should be cautioned not to direct their piece with a view to strike the object, but in cases where they are of opinion the person is bent on some evil design, such as to take or surprize the centinel or get into the Capitol to take the arms, or other public property. Sometimes persons intoxicated may pass near the centinel, or even insult him. In such cases it would be much to be regretted if such persons should be killed. If he be kept at a distance by the point of the bayonet it will be sufficient."
No change was made by governor Page as to the conduct to be observed by the centinels—In a letter addressed to the commandant of the public guard, March 17th, 1805; in speaking of the duties of the public guard he expresses himself as follows: "These duties are so well understood by you, and as far as I have seen, been so faithfully performed, that at present any direction or orders respecting them would be unnecessary."
No change was made by governor Page as to the conduct to be observed by the centinels—In a letter addressed to the commandant of the public guard, March 17th, 1805; in speaking of the duties of the public guard he expresses himself as follows: "These duties are so well understood by you, and as far as I have seen, been so faithfully performed, that at present any direction or orders respecting them would be unnecessary."
Governor Cabell, in a letter bearing date, May 29th, 1806, addressed to Capt. Alexander Quarrier, the commandant of the guard, speaking of the rules and regulations adopted by his predecessors for the government of the public guard, thus expresses himself: "I have seen no cause for making any change in any of them, and you will therefore consider them as confirmed."
Governor Cabell, in a letter bearing date, May 29th, 1806, addressed to Capt. Alexander Quarrier, the commandant of the guard, speaking of the rules and regulations adopted by his predecessors for the government of the public guard, thus expresses himself: "I have seen no cause for making any change in any of them, and you will therefore consider them as confirmed."
The above quotations from the letters of Governors Monroe, Page and Cabell are true extracts from the records.
The above quotations from the letters of Governors Monroe, Page and Cabell are true extracts from the records.
DANL. L. HYLTION, Clk. of the Council.
DANL. L. HYLTION, Clk. of the Council.
Feb. 10. (lawtf.)
Feb. 10. (lawtf.)
VIRGINIA MILITARY WARRANTS!
VIRGINIA MILITARY WARRANTS!
THE owners of those warrants are respectfully informed, that by an act of Congress passed the 23rd March 1804, the time of locating is proferred to the 23rd March next, and that there are doubts whether the time will be prolonged.
THE owners of those warrants are respectfully informed, that by an act of Congress passed the 23rd March 1804, the time of locating is proferred to the 23rd March next, and that there are doubts whether the time will be prolonged.
The Subscriber offers his services to the holders of such warrants (either where they are unlocated or where the locations are doubtful) to locate, survey, and procure the patents, at his own expense, for such as may employ him—for which services he will expect an equal fourth part of the Lands; and should there be any dispute, or defect in the title, which may arise in that part of the business done by him, he will take the part disputed or defective.
The Subscriber offers his services to the holders of such warrants (either where they are unlocated or where the locations are doubtful) to locate, survey, and procure the patents, at his own expense, for such as may employ him—for which services he will expect an equal fourth part of the Lands; and should there be any dispute, or defect in the title, which may arise in that part of the business done by him, he will take the part disputed or defective.
From the general acquaintance he has with the territory reserved, and his great exertions to discover the true situation of the claims therein, he flatters himself, that his locations will be equal to those of any other locator.
From the general acquaintance he has with the territory reserved, and his great exertions to discover the true situation of the claims therein, he flatters himself, that his locations will be equal to those of any other locator.
Where claims are doubtful, he will undertake to furnish the best information respecting them, and act as their owner may direct; for which services he will expect a reasonable commission out of the Land when secured.
Where claims are doubtful, he will undertake to furnish the best information respecting them, and act as their owner may direct; for which services he will expect a reasonable commission out of the Land when secured.
Persons wishing to employ him will forward proper powers, directed to him at Chillicothe, Ohio, his place of residence.—Letters intended to meet him at the office before the 23rd March, will be addressed to him at Middle-town, Jefferson County, Kentucky.—Persons writing to him, and not employing him, need not expect answers.
Persons wishing to employ him will forward proper powers, directed to him at Chillicothe, Ohio, his place of residence.—Letters intended to meet him at the office before the 23rd March, will be addressed to him at Middle-town, Jefferson County, Kentucky.—Persons writing to him, and not employing him, need not expect answers.
JOSEPH KERR.
JOSEPH KERR.
January 20. (law4w 9.)
January 20. (law4w 9.)
THE SUBSCRIBERS,
THE SUBSCRIBERS,
HAVE taken the new Brick TENEMENT fronting the cross street leading from Col. May's Bridge, and opposite Messrs. John and Robert Gamble's where they offer for sale under the firm of ISAAC WINSTON, & Co
HAVE taken the new Brick TENEMENT fronting the cross street leading from Col. May's Bridge, and opposite Messrs. John and Robert Gamble's where they offer for sale under the firm of ISAAC WINSTON, & Co
THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES:
THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES:
 Old Madeira Wine, Olives, } Do. Sherry do. Capers, } Best Cognac Brandy, Anchovies, } Do. Antigua Rum, Nutmegs, } Do. Holland Gin, Mace, } Hibbert's Brown Stout, Cloves, } Do. Porter, Cinnamon, } Claret of superior quality, } Best Spanish Segars, } Loaf Sugar, } Gunpowder, } Imperial, } Young Hyson, } and } Souchong, } Best Green Coffee, } First quality Chocolate, } Do. do. Brown Sugar, } 2d. do. } Molasses, } Salt in sacks, } Rice, } Patent Shot, } English F. F. Gunpowder, } Brown Soap, } Mould Candles, } Northern Chees, } Ground Ginger, } Black Pepper, } Allspice, } Salt Pece, } Allum, } Brimstone, } Coppers, } Glue of superior quality, } Blue, } Fig Blue, } Starch, } Bengal Indigo, } London Mufard, } Dixons Best do. } Cayenne Pepper, } N. B. Having supplied ourselves with more than two-thirds of the above articles with cash in Philadelphia, we are enabled to dispose of them on the most moderate terms, for cash or country produce.  ISAAC WINSTON, JOHN BAUGH. Nov. 11. oaw3m.
 Old Madeira Wine, Olives, } Do. Sherry do. Capers, } Best Cognac Brandy, Anchovies, } Do. Antigua Rum, Nutmegs, } Do. Holland Gin, Mace, } Hibbert's Brown Stout, Cloves, } Do. Porter, Cinnamon, } Claret of superior quality, } Best Spanish Segars, } Loaf Sugar, } Gunpowder, } Imperial, } Young Hyson, } and } Souchong, } Best Green Coffee, } First quality Chocolate, } Do. do. Brown Sugar, } 2d. do. } Molasses, } Salt in sacks, } Rice, } Patent Shot, } English F. F. Gunpowder, } Brown Soap, } Mould Candles, } Northern Chees, } Ground Ginger, } Black Pepper, } Allspice, } Salt Pece, } Allum, } Brimstone, } Coppers, } Glue of superior quality, } Blue, } Fig Blue, } Starch, } Bengal Indigo, } London Mufard, } Dixons Best do. } Cayenne Pepper, } N. B. Having supplied ourselves with more than two-thirds of the above articles with cash in Philadelphia, we are enabled to dispose of them on the most moderate terms, for cash or country produce.  ISAAC WINSTON, JOHN BAUGH. Nov. 11. oaw3m.
FRANCIS NEALE,
FRANCIS NEALE,
INFORMS the public, that he has taken the TAVERN and its appurtenances at King & Queen Court-house, lately in the occupation of Mr. Garnett, and that he will be constantly supplied with the best liquors, and every kind of accommodation for those who may favor him with their company. To all-ling Gentlemen, he pledges himself to furnish the most satisfactory entertainment, upon the most moderate terms, and that nothing shall be wanted, which diligence and an anxiety to please can afford.
INFORMS the public, that he has taken the TAVERN and its appurtenances at King & Queen Court-house, lately in the occupation of Mr. Garnett, and that he will be constantly supplied with the best liquors, and every kind of accommodation for those who may favor him with their company. To all-ling Gentlemen, he pledges himself to furnish the most satisfactory entertainment, upon the most moderate terms, and that nothing shall be wanted, which diligence and an anxiety to please can afford.
King & Queen Court-house, } law 4w. January 27.
King & Queen Court-house, } law 4w. January 27.
FOR RENT,
FOR RENT,
And immediate possession given. A THREE storied HOUSE, smoke-house, garden, &c. on the Basin, occupied the preceding year by Mr. Chancellor H. Saunders. This house is well calculated for a boarding or a genteel private family, having four rooms and a passage on each floor, and two kitchen and two cellar rooms on the ground floor.—For terms apply to Mr. Thomas Underwood, jr. at the public ware-house, or to Mr. Leander Hughes at Messrs. Shapard and Luckes, opposite the Market.
And immediate possession given. A THREE storied HOUSE, smoke-house, garden, &c. on the Basin, occupied the preceding year by Mr. Chancellor H. Saunders. This house is well calculated for a boarding or a genteel private family, having four rooms and a passage on each floor, and two kitchen and two cellar rooms on the ground floor.—For terms apply to Mr. Thomas Underwood, jr. at the public ware-house, or to Mr. Leander Hughes at Messrs. Shapard and Luckes, opposite the Market.
January 10. oawtf.
January 10. oawtf.
The subscriber will also dispose of a part or the whole of a valuable half acre lot on the Basin, No. 409 with six small Tenements thereon, and a half acre lot No. 396 with a good Dwelling-House thereon, handsomely situated for a private dwelling. A credit of five or ten years may be had for three fourths of the purchase money, by giving satisfactory security and paying the interest thereon, annually. If the above property is not disposed of at private sale, by the 2nd day of March, it will on that day, if fair, if not, the next fair day, be disposed of at auction, to the highest bidder on the premises.—For terms, apply to Mr. Leander Hughes, in Richmond, or the subscriber living in New-Kent, near Bottoms Bridge. A. H. oawtf. Jan. 10.
The subscriber will also dispose of a part or the whole of a valuable half acre lot on the Basin, No. 409 with six small Tenements thereon, and a half acre lot No. 396 with a good Dwelling-House thereon, handsomely situated for a private dwelling. A credit of five or ten years may be had for three fourths of the purchase money, by giving satisfactory security and paying the interest thereon, annually. If the above property is not disposed of at private sale, by the 2nd day of March, it will on that day, if fair, if not, the next fair day, be disposed of at auction, to the highest bidder on the premises.—For terms, apply to Mr. Leander Hughes, in Richmond, or the subscriber living in New-Kent, near Bottoms Bridge. A. H. oawtf. Jan. 10.
Europe.
Europe.
FRENCH GRAND ARMY.
FRENCH GRAND ARMY.
TWENTY FIRST BULLETIN OF THE GRAND ARMY.
TWENTY FIRST BULLETIN OF THE GRAND ARMY.
Berlin, Oct. 23.
Berlin, Oct. 23.
Yesterday the emperor made his public entry into this city; he was attended by the Prince of Neufchatel, the marshals Davoust and Augereau, Marshal Lefebvre headed the train with the imperial foot guards. The Cuirassiers of Nanfouy's division were drawn up in order of battle along the road. The emperor marched between the grenadiers and hore Yagers, belonging to his life guard. At three in the afternoon he alighted at the palace where he was received by the grand marshal Duroc.
Yesterday the emperor made his public entry into this city; he was attended by the Prince of Neufchatel, the marshals Davoust and Augereau, Marshal Lefebvre headed the train with the imperial foot guards. The Cuirassiers of Nanfouy's division were drawn up in order of battle along the road. The emperor marched between the grenadiers and hore Yagers, belonging to his life guard. At three in the afternoon he alighted at the palace where he was received by the grand marshal Duroc.
A vast concourse of people had assembled, as spectators of this ceremony. The road from Charlottenburg to Berlin is very good, and the entrance through the gate is superb. It was a most beautiful day. The whole of the civil administration, presented by general Hulen, came to offer the keys to the emperor. This body immediately waited upon his majesty. The general prince Hatzfeldt was at their head.
A vast concourse of people had assembled, as spectators of this ceremony. The road from Charlottenburg to Berlin is very good, and the entrance through the gate is superb. It was a most beautiful day. The whole of the civil administration, presented by general Hulen, came to offer the keys to the emperor. This body immediately waited upon his majesty. The general prince Hatzfeldt was at their head.
On the 28th, at nine in the forenoon, the envoys of Bavaria, Spain, Portugal, and the Ottoman Porte, resident at Berlin, were admitted to an audience of his majesty. His majesty ordered the Turkish envoy to send a courier to Constantinople to inform his court of what had taken place, and to declare that now the Russians should not enter Moldavia, nor undertake anything against the Turkish empire.
On the 28th, at nine in the forenoon, the envoys of Bavaria, Spain, Portugal, and the Ottoman Porte, resident at Berlin, were admitted to an audience of his majesty. His majesty ordered the Turkish envoy to send a courier to Constantinople to inform his court of what had taken place, and to declare that now the Russians should not enter Moldavia, nor undertake anything against the Turkish empire.
Afterwards his majesty received the whole of the Lutheran and reformed Consistories. There are upwards of twelve thousand French at Berlin, whose predecessors took refuge there in consequence of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. His majesty conversed with the principal persons among these Protestants, and told them that they had a just claim upon his protection, and that their privileges and the exercise of their worship should be secured to them. His majesty advised them to concern themselves with their own affairs, to remain peaceable, and pay obedience and respect to the sovereign.
Afterwards his majesty received the whole of the Lutheran and reformed Consistories. There are upwards of twelve thousand French at Berlin, whose predecessors took refuge there in consequence of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. His majesty conversed with the principal persons among these Protestants, and told them that they had a just claim upon his protection, and that their privileges and the exercise of their worship should be secured to them. His majesty advised them to concern themselves with their own affairs, to remain peaceable, and pay obedience and respect to the sovereign.
The courts of justice were presented. His majesty conversed with the members of the courts of appeal, and gave them some instructions as to the manner in which justice should be administered.
The courts of justice were presented. His majesty conversed with the members of the courts of appeal, and gave them some instructions as to the manner in which justice should be administered.
Count Van Neale coming into the hall of audience, the emperor said to him, "Well, sir, your ladies wished for war, and they have been gratified; it becomes you to manage your household better." (Letters had been intercepted from the count's daughter. "Napoleon (reading these letters) will not continue the war; let others carry on the war against him." "No; I will carry on no war. Not that I doubt of my prowess, as you have suggested; but in order to spare the blood of my subjects, which is dear to me; and because it is prescribed to me by my first duty, only to shed the same for their honor and safety. But the good people of Berlin have been the sacrifice of the war; while those who excited it have left them, and are become fugitives. I shall reduce those noble Courtiers to such extremities, that they shall be compelled to beg their bread."
Count Van Neale coming into the hall of audience, the emperor said to him, "Well, sir, your ladies wished for war, and they have been gratified; it becomes you to manage your household better." (Letters had been intercepted from the count's daughter. "Napoleon (reading these letters) will not continue the war; let others carry on the war against him." "No; I will carry on no war. Not that I doubt of my prowess, as you have suggested; but in order to spare the blood of my subjects, which is dear to me; and because it is prescribed to me by my first duty, only to shed the same for their honor and safety. But the good people of Berlin have been the sacrifice of the war; while those who excited it have left them, and are become fugitives. I shall reduce those noble Courtiers to such extremities, that they shall be compelled to beg their bread."
The emperor ordered that 24 of the best Burghers should be assembled at the town house, in order to select a third of their number to take upon them the civil government of the place. Each of the 24 wards is to furnish a guard of 60 men; so that 1200 of the best Burghers will be entrusted with the care of the city and the management of the police.
The emperor ordered that 24 of the best Burghers should be assembled at the town house, in order to select a third of their number to take upon them the civil government of the place. Each of the 24 wards is to furnish a guard of 60 men; so that 1200 of the best Burghers will be entrusted with the care of the city and the management of the police.
The emperor said to prince Hatzfeldt, "Do not appear in my presence; I have no need of your services; retire to your estates."
The emperor said to prince Hatzfeldt, "Do not appear in my presence; I have no need of your services; retire to your estates."
The emperor gave audience to the Chancellor and the ministers of the king of Prussia.
The emperor gave audience to the Chancellor and the ministers of the king of Prussia.
In giving instructions to the civil administration of the city, the emperor said, "I will not suffer any windows to be broken. My brother the king of Prussia ceased to be a king from the day when prince Louis Ferdinand was bold enough to break the windows of his majesty's minister. His majesty should have ordered him to be hanged."
In giving instructions to the civil administration of the city, the emperor said, "I will not suffer any windows to be broken. My brother the king of Prussia ceased to be a king from the day when prince Louis Ferdinand was bold enough to break the windows of his majesty's minister. His majesty should have ordered him to be hanged."
This day, the 28th, his majesty mounted his horse to review marshal Davoust's corps. Tomorrow that under marshal Augereau will pass in review before him.
This day, the 28th, his majesty mounted his horse to review marshal Davoust's corps. Tomorrow that under marshal Augereau will pass in review before him.
The Grand Duke of Berg, Marshal Lannes, and the prince of Ponto Corvo, are pursuing Prince Hohenlohe. After the gallant affair with the cavalry at Zehdenick, the Grand Duke of Berg advanced to Templin, where he found a great quantity of provisions, and the dinners for the Prussian Generals and their troops ready dressed.
The Grand Duke of Berg, Marshal Lannes, and the prince of Ponto Corvo, are pursuing Prince Hohenlohe. After the gallant affair with the cavalry at Zehdenick, the Grand Duke of Berg advanced to Templin, where he found a great quantity of provisions, and the dinners for the Prussian Generals and their troops ready dressed.
At Gransee Prince Hohenlohe changed his route, and took the road to Furttemberg. It is probable that being cut off from the Oder, he will be surrounded and made prisoner.
At Gransee Prince Hohenlohe changed his route, and took the road to Furttemberg. It is probable that being cut off from the Oder, he will be surrounded and made prisoner.
The Duke of Wierman is in a similar situation with respect to Marshal Soult. The Duke seemed to wish to cross the Elbe at Tangermunde, in order to approach the Oder. On the 28th Marshal Soult anticipated him. If we come up with him, not a man will escape; if he succeeds in crossing the Oder, he will fall into the hands of the Grand Duke of Berg, Marshal Lannes, and the Prince of Ponto Corvo. A part of our troops are upon the Oder. The king of Prussia has passed the Vistula.
The Duke of Wierman is in a similar situation with respect to Marshal Soult. The Duke seemed to wish to cross the Elbe at Tangermunde, in order to approach the Oder. On the 28th Marshal Soult anticipated him. If we come up with him, not a man will escape; if he succeeds in crossing the Oder, he will fall into the hands of the Grand Duke of Berg, Marshal Lannes, and the Prince of Ponto Corvo. A part of our troops are upon the Oder. The king of Prussia has passed the Vistula.
Count Zatrrow was presented to the Emperor on the 27th, at Charlottenburg, and delivered a letter from the King of Prussia.
Count Zatrrow was presented to the Emperor on the 27th, at Charlottenburg, and delivered a letter from the King of Prussia.
At this moment an aid-de-camp from prince Eugene has announced a victory obtained over the Russians in Albania.
At this moment an aid-de-camp from prince Eugene has announced a victory obtained over the Russians in Albania.
Domestic.
Domestic.
From the Louisiana Gazette, Dec. 30.
From the Louisiana Gazette, Dec. 30.
TO THE PUBLIC.
TO THE PUBLIC.
I MAKE no apology for laying the following statements before the public. It is not an affair of mere private interest, but of serious public concern, to which I claim the attention of my fellow citizens.
I MAKE no apology for laying the following statements before the public. It is not an affair of mere private interest, but of serious public concern, to which I claim the attention of my fellow citizens.
Having unfortunately been a sufferer in the extraordinary scenes now exhibited in this territory, the justification of my own character, forces me to detail a series of events, too public to be doubted; but of which in the history of our country, that they will not obtain early belief at a distance, and can scarcely be realised by those who daily behold them.
Having unfortunately been a sufferer in the extraordinary scenes now exhibited in this territory, the justification of my own character, forces me to detail a series of events, too public to be doubted; but of which in the history of our country, that they will not obtain early belief at a distance, and can scarcely be realised by those who daily behold them.
A dictatorial power, assumed by the commander of an American army—the military arrest of citizens charged with a civil offence—the violation of the sanctuary of justice, by first entering it with a complaint, and then dragging the accused from its bar. An attempt to overawe, by denunciations, those who dared professionally to assert the authority of the laws—The recorded, unblushing avowal of the employment of military force to punish a civil offence—the hardy menace of persevering in the same course—and the asserted, but incredible, co-operation of the supreme executive of the country in these proceedings—are circumstances, that must command attention, and excite the corresponding sentiments of grief, indignation and contempt.
A dictatorial power, assumed by the commander of an American army—the military arrest of citizens charged with a civil offence—the violation of the sanctuary of justice, by first entering it with a complaint, and then dragging the accused from its bar. An attempt to overawe, by denunciations, those who dared professionally to assert the authority of the laws—The recorded, unblushing avowal of the employment of military force to punish a civil offence—the hardy menace of persevering in the same course—and the asserted, but incredible, co-operation of the supreme executive of the country in these proceedings—are circumstances, that must command attention, and excite the corresponding sentiments of grief, indignation and contempt.
My primary object, however, is my own exculpation from a charge solemnly made against me in the hearing of hundreds, at the bar, where my character is my only support, and by a man whose situation ought to give weight to his assertions. In the performance of this necessary, but humiliating task, I shall be obliged to speak of myself and of my affairs, with a particularity that will be tedious, and would be improper if it were not necessary for my defence.
My primary object, however, is my own exculpation from a charge solemnly made against me in the hearing of hundreds, at the bar, where my character is my only support, and by a man whose situation ought to give weight to his assertions. In the performance of this necessary, but humiliating task, I shall be obliged to speak of myself and of my affairs, with a particularity that will be tedious, and would be improper if it were not necessary for my defence.
About three years previous to the present period, I left the city of New-York, where I abandoned everything that could bind me to a country, the friends of my early youth—the companions of my riper years—a numerous and affectionate family—children from whom I had never been separated, and whom the tenderest and most melancholy recollection had rendered doubly dear to my heart—I left there everything but fortune. Circumstances unnecessarily to repeat, had involved me considerably in debt, and an unsettled account with the United States, to whom I was probably indebted between thirty and forty thousand dollars, rendered it more necessary that I should make some sacrifice to do justice to my creditors, rather than exonerate myself by the means which the law provided for persons in my situation. I resigned an honorable and the most lucrative office in the state; and I embarked for this place in December 1803—I arrived in February following, having made an assignment of a large landed property for the benefit of my creditors, and brought with me only a sum of about one hundred dollars, and a letter of credit for one thousand more, furnished by my brother, to whom I am still indebted for the amount; these means were nearly exhausted before the opening of the
About three years previous to the present period, I left the city of New-York, where I abandoned everything that could bind me to a country, the friends of my early youth—the companions of my riper years—a numerous and affectionate family—children from whom I had never been separated, and whom the tenderest and most melancholy recollection had rendered doubly dear to my heart—I left there everything but fortune. Circumstances unnecessarily to repeat, had involved me considerably in debt, and an unsettled account with the United States, to whom I was probably indebted between thirty and forty thousand dollars, rendered it more necessary that I should make some sacrifice to do justice to my creditors, rather than exonerate myself by the means which the law provided for persons in my situation. I resigned an honorable and the most lucrative office in the state; and I embarked for this place in December 1803—I arrived in February following, having made an assignment of a large landed property for the benefit of my creditors, and brought with me only a sum of about one hundred dollars, and a letter of credit for one thousand more, furnished by my brother, to whom I am still indebted for the amount; these means were nearly exhausted before the opening of the
courts. As soon as I could commence the duties of my profession, I undertook them with industry and zeal, and I soon found that by perseverance, I should in a few years be enabled to attain the objects nearest my heart; the payment of my debts, and the return to my family and friends.—The profits of my profession were invested in lands, because their certain increase of value promised a speedy accomplishment of my wishes. About two months since, that happy period seemed to approach; I had exonerated a very valuable and extensive tract of land, from all incumbrances, and had pointed it out to the officers of the treasury as the means of liquidating my balance with the public; I had sold a plantation to Mr. Davis, which after paying an incumbrance on that and another tract, left me his mortgage for the sum of twelve thousand dollars, payable one half in one and the other half in two years, and I was on the point of accepting offers which were made me for the sale of another. These details, though tedious, are not unnecessary. It will be seen that this fund, which I defined for my private creditors, was by its application to that purpose, made the reason or pretext for the injuries I have received.
courts. As soon as I could commence the duties of my profession, I undertook them with industry and zeal, and I soon found that by perseverance, I should in a few years be enabled to attain the objects nearest my heart; the payment of my debts, and the return to my family and friends.—The profits of my profession were invested in lands, because their certain increase of value promised a speedy accomplishment of my wishes. About two months since, that happy period seemed to approach; I had exonerated a very valuable and extensive tract of land, from all incumbrances, and had pointed it out to the officers of the treasury as the means of liquidating my balance with the public; I had sold a plantation to Mr. Davis, which after paying an incumbrance on that and another tract, left me his mortgage for the sum of twelve thousand dollars, payable one half in one and the other half in two years, and I was on the point of accepting offers which were made me for the sale of another. These details, though tedious, are not unnecessary. It will be seen that this fund, which I defined for my private creditors, was by its application to that purpose, made the reason or pretext for the injuries I have received.
On the 28th November, general Wilkinson arrived in this city; having been on terms of intimacy with him since my first arrival here, I called on him the evening he arrived; he returned my visit and supped with me, and in the course of that evening I informed him that Dr. Bollman had brought me an order for money from Col. Burr, and expressed my surprise as to the manner in which he could have become indebted to Mr. Bollman, whom I understood to have been in failing circumstances in Philadelphia; the general both then, and in several visits which I subsequently made gave me no reason to suspect that this circumstance had made any impression, but behaved with his usual cordiality to me, which continued until the very night before his denunciation.
On the 28th November, general Wilkinson arrived in this city; having been on terms of intimacy with him since my first arrival here, I called on him the evening he arrived; he returned my visit and supped with me, and in the course of that evening I informed him that Dr. Bollman had brought me an order for money from Col. Burr, and expressed my surprise as to the manner in which he could have become indebted to Mr. Bollman, whom I understood to have been in failing circumstances in Philadelphia; the general both then, and in several visits which I subsequently made gave me no reason to suspect that this circumstance had made any impression, but behaved with his usual cordiality to me, which continued until the very night before his denunciation.
On Sunday afternoon, the 14th December, Dr. Bollman was arrested by a military order; two other persons, Mr. Ogden and Mr. Swartwout, on a like order, were arrested and confined on board of a Bomb Ketch in the river—these circumstances, with some others of the same nature, caused a very great sensation on Monday, when they were known; but having only a slight acquaintance with Bollman, and none whatever with the other gentlemen, I did not think myself obliged, unless professionally called upon, to take any steps for their release.
On Sunday afternoon, the 14th December, Dr. Bollman was arrested by a military order; two other persons, Mr. Ogden and Mr. Swartwout, on a like order, were arrested and confined on board of a Bomb Ketch in the river—these circumstances, with some others of the same nature, caused a very great sensation on Monday, when they were known; but having only a slight acquaintance with Bollman, and none whatever with the other gentlemen, I did not think myself obliged, unless professionally called upon, to take any steps for their release.
Mr. James Alexander, however, a gentleman who ranks deservedly high as an advocate in this Territory, made an affidavit of the arrest, and applied, as I have heard, on Monday, to one of the Judges of the Superior Court, for the allowance of an Habeas Corpus—this was refused, and he was directed, as he afterwards told me, to make his motion in open court; on coming there about 11 o'clock on Thursday morning, the 16th day of December, he accepted me, and requested that I would join him in an application to the Court for an allowance of the writ. I did not hesitate to do my duty on the occasion, though I had reason to believe from the violent measures which had already taken place, that I might expose myself to danger: I followed Mr. Alexander in a concise statement of the facts, and the writ was allowed. On Wednesday, having been assured that Bollman had already been removed from the Territory, I did not urge the return of the writ; and at Gen. Wilkinson's request, it was postponed till the day after, when it had been understood, that the return was to be made by the General in person, the Court was unusually crowded—about 12 o'clock he arrived, and the ordinary business being suspended, he rose and made the following return:
Mr. James Alexander, however, a gentleman who ranks deservedly high as an advocate in this Territory, made an affidavit of the arrest, and applied, as I have heard, on Monday, to one of the Judges of the Superior Court, for the allowance of an Habeas Corpus—this was refused, and he was directed, as he afterwards told me, to make his motion in open court; on coming there about 11 o'clock on Thursday morning, the 16th day of December, he accepted me, and requested that I would join him in an application to the Court for an allowance of the writ. I did not hesitate to do my duty on the occasion, though I had reason to believe from the violent measures which had already taken place, that I might expose myself to danger: I followed Mr. Alexander in a concise statement of the facts, and the writ was allowed. On Wednesday, having been assured that Bollman had already been removed from the Territory, I did not urge the return of the writ; and at Gen. Wilkinson's request, it was postponed till the day after, when it had been understood, that the return was to be made by the General in person, the Court was unusually crowded—about 12 o'clock he arrived, and the ordinary business being suspended, he rose and made the following return:
'The undersigned, commanding the army of the United States, takes on himself all responsibility for the arrest of ERICK BOLLMAN, on a charge of misprision of treason against the government and laws of the United States; and has adopted measures for his safe delivery to the executive of the United States. It was after several consultations with the Governor and two of the Judges of this territory, that the undersigned
'The undersigned, commanding the army of the United States, takes on himself all responsibility for the arrest of ERICK BOLLMAN, on a charge of misprision of treason against the government and laws of the United States; and has adopted measures for his safe delivery to the executive of the United States. It was after several consultations with the Governor and two of the Judges of this territory, that the undersigned

Judges would wait on his excellency at any time that might be convenient to him to take his deposition. Hitherto during this scene so degrading to the administration of justice, so alarming to every friend of personal freedom, so calculated to excite my own indignation and surprise, I had been silent; but alarmed at the turn the business was taking, I now rose and demanded, I even defended to assert the court that my accuser should not leave the bar without establishing his charge on oath, without leaving the affidavit on which it was founded; that I might be committed, if guilty, to the prison which I merited, but that if innocent, as I declared myself to be, I might not be obliged to return to my family, through the crowd of my fellow-citizens who surrounded me, loaded with suspicions of the highest crimes: I represented that public justice as well as a regard for private character required this step. I adverted to my situation as an officer of the court. I stated that my accuser was at the Bar, that he had requested my arrest, that he had time to deliberate upon, to prepare and produce his charges, and until he was required to reduce them to writing had declared himself ready to substantiate them on oath. I know not whether these reasons were good, to me they appeared irresistible; but doubtless they are either weak in themselves or they were feeble urged, for with a grief and astonishment, I cannot well describe, I saw the General retire from the Bar after receiving the hands, of the presiding judge for the communication, and an apology for the trouble they had given him. I was somewhat consoled by a promise which I understood was made that the charge should be specified in court on the following day, but I thought it a duty to myself, immediately to clear up to the satisfaction of the court and audience, the circumstances on which the charge seemed principally to rest; with this view I had during the course of the accusation sent for some papers from my house, and after having with some difficulty got over the objections which the forms of the court presented to my being heard, I stated that among the debts I had contracted in New-York, and which were unpaid when I left it, were two notes, both the property of colonel Burr, but which were in the hands of the house of Dunham and Davis, and which were sued in their names, but as I believed for his use, that a judgment had been entered against me on these notes in January 1804, after my departure from New-York; that the judgment had been assigned to Aaron Burr, by the house of Dunham and Davis, and that he had sent out the exemplification of the judgment, and the assignment which I produced, more than a year since, to Mr. Daniel Clark, of this city, for collection; and finally, that on Dr. Bollman's arrival in this city, he had brought me an order from col. Burr, which I produced in the following words:
Judges would wait on his excellency at any time that might be convenient to him to take his deposition. Hitherto during this scene so degrading to the administration of justice, so alarming to every friend of personal freedom, so calculated to excite my own indignation and surprise, I had been silent; but alarmed at the turn the business was taking, I now rose and demanded, I even defended to assert the court that my accuser should not leave the bar without establishing his charge on oath, without leaving the affidavit on which it was founded; that I might be committed, if guilty, to the prison which I merited, but that if innocent, as I declared myself to be, I might not be obliged to return to my family, through the crowd of my fellow-citizens who surrounded me, loaded with suspicions of the highest crimes: I represented that public justice as well as a regard for private character required this step. I adverted to my situation as an officer of the court. I stated that my accuser was at the Bar, that he had requested my arrest, that he had time to deliberate upon, to prepare and produce his charges, and until he was required to reduce them to writing had declared himself ready to substantiate them on oath. I know not whether these reasons were good, to me they appeared irresistible; but doubtless they are either weak in themselves or they were feeble urged, for with a grief and astonishment, I cannot well describe, I saw the General retire from the Bar after receiving the hands, of the presiding judge for the communication, and an apology for the trouble they had given him. I was somewhat consoled by a promise which I understood was made that the charge should be specified in court on the following day, but I thought it a duty to myself, immediately to clear up to the satisfaction of the court and audience, the circumstances on which the charge seemed principally to rest; with this view I had during the course of the accusation sent for some papers from my house, and after having with some difficulty got over the objections which the forms of the court presented to my being heard, I stated that among the debts I had contracted in New-York, and which were unpaid when I left it, were two notes, both the property of colonel Burr, but which were in the hands of the house of Dunham and Davis, and which were sued in their names, but as I believed for his use, that a judgment had been entered against me on these notes in January 1804, after my departure from New-York; that the judgment had been assigned to Aaron Burr, by the house of Dunham and Davis, and that he had sent out the exemplification of the judgment, and the assignment which I produced, more than a year since, to Mr. Daniel Clark, of this city, for collection; and finally, that on Dr. Bollman's arrival in this city, he had brought me an order from col. Burr, which I produced in the following words:
PHILADELPHIA, 26th July, 1806. "Dear Sir, "Doctor Bollman will receive whatever you may be disposed to pay him on my account, and will give a discharge on payment of 1500 dollars—a part at least of this sum will be necessary to him. But I should not have troubled you, if I could have paid him from other resources." (Signed) AARON BURR.
PHILADELPHIA, 26th July, 1806. "Dear Sir, "Doctor Bollman will receive whatever you may be disposed to pay him on my account, and will give a discharge on payment of 1500 dollars—a part at least of this sum will be necessary to him. But I should not have troubled you, if I could have paid him from other resources." (Signed) AARON BURR.
"To Edw. Livingston, Esq." And that being unable to discharge my debt in money, I had, after a delay of two months subsequent to his arrival, given him an order for the amount upon Capt. Samuel B. Davis, payable in one and two years; that Capt. Davis having purchased a plantation from me, and being my debtor to a larger amount, payable at those periods, had accepted my order, and given his note for the amount, which was credited on his mortgage to me: to prove these facts, I produced the records, and appealed to Mr. Davis, then in Court, who confirmed them.
"To Edw. Livingston, Esq." And that being unable to discharge my debt in money, I had, after a delay of two months subsequent to his arrival, given him an order for the amount upon Capt. Samuel B. Davis, payable in one and two years; that Capt. Davis having purchased a plantation from me, and being my debtor to a larger amount, payable at those periods, had accepted my order, and given his note for the amount, which was credited on his mortgage to me: to prove these facts, I produced the records, and appealed to Mr. Davis, then in Court, who confirmed them.
With respect to Mr. Rodger's affidavit, I observed that it was difficult to reply to a document which had only been partially read, that Mr. Keene, upon whose hearsay I was accused, had been long absent from the country, and that on his return, I was persuaded a satisfactory explanation of the business would be made, but that in all events I pledged myself solemnly to God and my country, that I was utterly ignorant of any of the plans which it was said col. Burr was executing, either for dismembering the union, or contravening its laws, except what I had heard from the newspapers, the communication of Gen. Wilkinson, or public reports, and that I had never held any communication, either written or verbal, with him, or any other person whom I knew or suspected to be concerned with him, on the subject of those plans.
With respect to Mr. Rodger's affidavit, I observed that it was difficult to reply to a document which had only been partially read, that Mr. Keene, upon whose hearsay I was accused, had been long absent from the country, and that on his return, I was persuaded a satisfactory explanation of the business would be made, but that in all events I pledged myself solemnly to God and my country, that I was utterly ignorant of any of the plans which it was said col. Burr was executing, either for dismembering the union, or contravening its laws, except what I had heard from the newspapers, the communication of Gen. Wilkinson, or public reports, and that I had never held any communication, either written or verbal, with him, or any other person whom I knew or suspected to be concerned with him, on the subject of those plans.
There is a force in the language of truth, there is a commanding aspect in the looks of innocence, that can rarely be assumed by falsehood or guilt, and I am persuaded few, if any of my auditors retired with impressions to my prejudice. The general seems to have thought it so, for on the following day when I went to court to hear the charges he had engaged to exhibit, I met a gentleman of his family, who, in answer to my earnest enquiry whether the general's affidavits were prepared, told me that intelligence had arrived which did not leave him leisure to attend to them, and that he did not believe they would that day be produced; seeing my extreme chagrin at this delay, he told me he was persuaded that the general would feel much gratified if I could exonerate myself from the charge, that he had been forced into the accusation by imperious circumstances, but that he had little doubt, if I could remove his suspicions as to the payment of the money to Bollman (which he added was the principal circumstance) that he would be ready to do me ample justice; and concluded by suggesting the propriety of my calling on the general; this I refused to do, but said that I would reflect on the other proposition; and after consulting with some friends, I determined to send the papers which I had read in court, with some others which I was sure must remove every doubt as to the nature of the transaction. Meeting the gentleman shortly after, I told him my determination, and he appointed an hour to call on me for the documents, and expressed a joy that I am sure he felt, on the prospect of an arrangement that would do full justice to my character; he arrived sometime after the hour appointed, but apologized for the delay, stating that he had since been to the general, that he was desirous to do me justice, was anxious that I should exonerate myself from the charge, but that it was absolutely necessary he should see me in order to show some papers which had not been exhibited, and which I understood were to explain the reasons why he had thought himself obliged to accuse me, but that the payment of the money to Bollman was still the principal charge, and this being explained, he would almost venture to pledge himself that Gen. Wilkinson would appear in an open court, to be called at his request, and make any statement I could reasonably desire, to remove the effect of his charge; the idea of presenting myself, and making explanations to a man who had so cruelly injured me, appeared at first too degrading to be borne; but the pain which these accusations must give to my friends at a distance, the humiliating circumstances attending a newspaper assertion of innocence, the certainty that it could never be so effectually done as the mode proposed; and (shall I be called pusillanimous, when I add) the fear of inevitable ruin to my family from a military arrest and removal, all conspired to produce the reluctant assent, which, after a delay of some hours, I gave to the proposition of calling at head quarters in company with a friend.
There is a force in the language of truth, there is a commanding aspect in the looks of innocence, that can rarely be assumed by falsehood or guilt, and I am persuaded few, if any of my auditors retired with impressions to my prejudice. The general seems to have thought it so, for on the following day when I went to court to hear the charges he had engaged to exhibit, I met a gentleman of his family, who, in answer to my earnest enquiry whether the general's affidavits were prepared, told me that intelligence had arrived which did not leave him leisure to attend to them, and that he did not believe they would that day be produced; seeing my extreme chagrin at this delay, he told me he was persuaded that the general would feel much gratified if I could exonerate myself from the charge, that he had been forced into the accusation by imperious circumstances, but that he had little doubt, if I could remove his suspicions as to the payment of the money to Bollman (which he added was the principal circumstance) that he would be ready to do me ample justice; and concluded by suggesting the propriety of my calling on the general; this I refused to do, but said that I would reflect on the other proposition; and after consulting with some friends, I determined to send the papers which I had read in court, with some others which I was sure must remove every doubt as to the nature of the transaction. Meeting the gentleman shortly after, I told him my determination, and he appointed an hour to call on me for the documents, and expressed a joy that I am sure he felt, on the prospect of an arrangement that would do full justice to my character; he arrived sometime after the hour appointed, but apologized for the delay, stating that he had since been to the general, that he was desirous to do me justice, was anxious that I should exonerate myself from the charge, but that it was absolutely necessary he should see me in order to show some papers which had not been exhibited, and which I understood were to explain the reasons why he had thought himself obliged to accuse me, but that the payment of the money to Bollman was still the principal charge, and this being explained, he would almost venture to pledge himself that Gen. Wilkinson would appear in an open court, to be called at his request, and make any statement I could reasonably desire, to remove the effect of his charge; the idea of presenting myself, and making explanations to a man who had so cruelly injured me, appeared at first too degrading to be borne; but the pain which these accusations must give to my friends at a distance, the humiliating circumstances attending a newspaper assertion of innocence, the certainty that it could never be so effectually done as the mode proposed; and (shall I be called pusillanimous, when I add) the fear of inevitable ruin to my family from a military arrest and removal, all conspired to produce the reluctant assent, which, after a delay of some hours, I gave to the proposition of calling at head quarters in company with a friend.
Eight in the evening was the hour appointed. The gentleman to whom I alluded, was so perfectly persuaded that the business would end in the most satisfactory arrangement, and expressed so friendly a pleasure in the prospect, that I could scarcely believe him in earnest, when at the hour appointed, with a modification he did not attempt to conceal, he met me on the gallery at head quarters with a message. "That, the general had just received a message that determined him not to see Mr. Livingston or any of his friends." This cruel insult, added to the injuries I had received, made me feel the humiliation to which I had exposed myself, and I returned home with the firm persuasion that I should find the guard for my arrest stationed at my door, in this I was mistaken, as yet I have preserved my liberty and life, but how long I shall be permitted to enjoy either, depends upon the caprice or suspicion of a man, who has up-
Eight in the evening was the hour appointed. The gentleman to whom I alluded, was so perfectly persuaded that the business would end in the most satisfactory arrangement, and expressed so friendly a pleasure in the prospect, that I could scarcely believe him in earnest, when at the hour appointed, with a modification he did not attempt to conceal, he met me on the gallery at head quarters with a message. "That, the general had just received a message that determined him not to see Mr. Livingston or any of his friends." This cruel insult, added to the injuries I had received, made me feel the humiliation to which I had exposed myself, and I returned home with the firm persuasion that I should find the guard for my arrest stationed at my door, in this I was mistaken, as yet I have preserved my liberty and life, but how long I shall be permitted to enjoy either, depends upon the caprice or suspicion of a man, who has up-
on record declared himself above the law, and who, in open court asserted the right of cutting off a member to preserve the body. At that moment I had peculiar reasons to apprehend violence. Mr. Alexander and myself, were the two counsellors who had dared to question the legality of Bollman's imprisonment. We had both been on the second day after publicly denounced, the one as a traitor, the other as participating in treason. An accusation in form had been preferred against both, and a few hours before I was insulted at head quarters, Mr. Alexander had been forcibly dragged thither by a military guard. I had no other connection with this gentleman than that which arises from practising at the same bar: he was a younger man than myself, and we were never on very intimate terms, his politics and mode of thinking on many points, were diametrically opposite to mine, but I have always observed in him the manners of a gentleman, and the principles of a man of honor; his most intimate acquaintance at the bar having entered the family of General Wilkinson, Mr. Alexander lent for me the moment of his arrest—he confessed to me his professional papers, and gave me charge of his effects; I performed on that occasion the duties I owed to a man whose character I esteemed, whose situation interested me, and on whose guilt, notwithstanding the denunciation which had been made, I had no right to pronounce. I dared to take on a habeas corpus for his release, to send him some trifling supplies, and to write him a note in which I assured that I would follow his directions in the disposal of his property, and expressed a persuasion of which I have now no doubt, that his voyage to the U. S. tho' disagreeably begun, would terminate in his restoration to liberty; this was my second offence , and it produced as I have been informed and believe, the insulting refusal to receive the visit I had been invited by the gen. to make.
on record declared himself above the law, and who, in open court asserted the right of cutting off a member to preserve the body. At that moment I had peculiar reasons to apprehend violence. Mr. Alexander and myself, were the two counsellors who had dared to question the legality of Bollman's imprisonment. We had both been on the second day after publicly denounced, the one as a traitor, the other as participating in treason. An accusation in form had been preferred against both, and a few hours before I was insulted at head quarters, Mr. Alexander had been forcibly dragged thither by a military guard. I had no other connection with this gentleman than that which arises from practising at the same bar: he was a younger man than myself, and we were never on very intimate terms, his politics and mode of thinking on many points, were diametrically opposite to mine, but I have always observed in him the manners of a gentleman, and the principles of a man of honor; his most intimate acquaintance at the bar having entered the family of General Wilkinson, Mr. Alexander lent for me the moment of his arrest—he confessed to me his professional papers, and gave me charge of his effects; I performed on that occasion the duties I owed to a man whose character I esteemed, whose situation interested me, and on whose guilt, notwithstanding the denunciation which had been made, I had no right to pronounce. I dared to take on a habeas corpus for his release, to send him some trifling supplies, and to write him a note in which I assured that I would follow his directions in the disposal of his property, and expressed a persuasion of which I have now no doubt, that his voyage to the U. S. tho' disagreeably begun, would terminate in his restoration to liberty; this was my second offence , and it produced as I have been informed and believe, the insulting refusal to receive the visit I had been invited by the gen. to make.
My first crime was the act of professional duty, I have before detailed, and it was followed by the denunciation which has forced me before the tribunal of the public.
My first crime was the act of professional duty, I have before detailed, and it was followed by the denunciation which has forced me before the tribunal of the public.
I have not appeared to it however, until the jurisdiction of every other has been declined by my accuser, I waited with a respectful but impatient silence, until the court met on Monday, after a recess of four days; I applied to the judges to know whether any accusation had been made against me, being answered in the negative, and the attorney of the district for the U. States then in court, having to the same question made the same reply, I addressed the court nearly to the effect contained in this publication, I showed from the exposure of my private affairs the utter improbability of my entering into designs so subversive of every plan I had formed, in designs, which, if successful, must banish me from my country, and separate me forever from my family and friends, and if they proved abortive, must end in my irretrievable ruin. And concluded by offering them, as I now offer to the public as a pledge of my innocence or of my insanity, the annexed affidavit, if guilty of the crime laid to my charge, I must be distracted as well as depraved, to add the voluntary guilt of perjury to my other offences.
I have not appeared to it however, until the jurisdiction of every other has been declined by my accuser, I waited with a respectful but impatient silence, until the court met on Monday, after a recess of four days; I applied to the judges to know whether any accusation had been made against me, being answered in the negative, and the attorney of the district for the U. States then in court, having to the same question made the same reply, I addressed the court nearly to the effect contained in this publication, I showed from the exposure of my private affairs the utter improbability of my entering into designs so subversive of every plan I had formed, in designs, which, if successful, must banish me from my country, and separate me forever from my family and friends, and if they proved abortive, must end in my irretrievable ruin. And concluded by offering them, as I now offer to the public as a pledge of my innocence or of my insanity, the annexed affidavit, if guilty of the crime laid to my charge, I must be distracted as well as depraved, to add the voluntary guilt of perjury to my other offences.
I content myself in this statement of facts, with such details as are necessary to my own justification should they find their way to the test of government, such of them as relate to our political situation, must attract the notice of our representatives; in the mean time we must suffer the evils to which we are exposed; let us, however, do it with fortitude, and never be tempted to any act which may seem to enlist us on the side of those who trample on our constitution, sport with our liberties, and violate our laws—Let us remember that the day of retribution will arrive, and is not far distant, when a strict account will be taken, as well as the wanton abuses of power, as the shameful dereliction of duty which permits them; but let us shew by our zeal in support of our country, by our submission to lawful authority, and by an intrepid opposition to every foreign or domestic foe, that there is no pretext for the dictatorial power that has been usurped over us.
I content myself in this statement of facts, with such details as are necessary to my own justification should they find their way to the test of government, such of them as relate to our political situation, must attract the notice of our representatives; in the mean time we must suffer the evils to which we are exposed; let us, however, do it with fortitude, and never be tempted to any act which may seem to enlist us on the side of those who trample on our constitution, sport with our liberties, and violate our laws—Let us remember that the day of retribution will arrive, and is not far distant, when a strict account will be taken, as well as the wanton abuses of power, as the shameful dereliction of duty which permits them; but let us shew by our zeal in support of our country, by our submission to lawful authority, and by an intrepid opposition to every foreign or domestic foe, that there is no pretext for the dictatorial power that has been usurped over us.
I have said that we must suffer —never were two words more applicable than to our situation: it is one, the most dreadful to an independent mind of any that can be imagined; subject to the uncontrolled will of a single man, with whom the hearsay tales of slander are proof , and who, in his own evidence, arraigns, condemns and punishes the accused, dooms him to imprisonment, banishment and ruin: by whom the tribunals are insulted, and to whom the civil executive apparently surrenders its force. What fate of things can be worse? No caution can protect! No confidentiality of innocence secure—The evidence is taken in private; malicious, cowardly informers stalk around the pro-consular office, their tales give food to feelings of pre-existing enmity, or avenge their own quarrels by secret denunciations of guilt. The objects of official suspicion are confined in unusual and remote prisons, their letters are intercepted, communication with them is restricted, and they are, it is said, exposed to a dangerous voyage on the ocean, in the most inclement season of the year; the possibility too of their being intercepted by a Spanish force and condemned to perpetual imprisonment in their dungeons or mines, is not the least probable, or the least frightful part of the picture.
I have said that we must suffer —never were two words more applicable than to our situation: it is one, the most dreadful to an independent mind of any that can be imagined; subject to the uncontrolled will of a single man, with whom the hearsay tales of slander are proof , and who, in his own evidence, arraigns, condemns and punishes the accused, dooms him to imprisonment, banishment and ruin: by whom the tribunals are insulted, and to whom the civil executive apparently surrenders its force. What fate of things can be worse? No caution can protect! No confidentiality of innocence secure—The evidence is taken in private; malicious, cowardly informers stalk around the pro-consular office, their tales give food to feelings of pre-existing enmity, or avenge their own quarrels by secret denunciations of guilt. The objects of official suspicion are confined in unusual and remote prisons, their letters are intercepted, communication with them is restricted, and they are, it is said, exposed to a dangerous voyage on the ocean, in the most inclement season of the year; the possibility too of their being intercepted by a Spanish force and condemned to perpetual imprisonment in their dungeons or mines, is not the least probable, or the least frightful part of the picture.
In the mean time where is the necessity that exists for these measures? Are the courts shut? Do the Judges refuse their duty? (b) Are the ordinary prisons insecure?—No! the course of justice has, except by these events, been undisturbed, the officers are at their posts, nor is there any appearance of violence to the civil authority; instead, therefore, of securing the punishment of the prisoners, these extra-judicial arrests are the only means that perhaps could be devised for screening them, if guilty, from punishment. On their arrival in the United States, they must be surrendered to the civil power, and the arrest appearing to be illegal they must be enlarged.
In the mean time where is the necessity that exists for these measures? Are the courts shut? Do the Judges refuse their duty? (b) Are the ordinary prisons insecure?—No! the course of justice has, except by these events, been undisturbed, the officers are at their posts, nor is there any appearance of violence to the civil authority; instead, therefore, of securing the punishment of the prisoners, these extra-judicial arrests are the only means that perhaps could be devised for screening them, if guilty, from punishment. On their arrival in the United States, they must be surrendered to the civil power, and the arrest appearing to be illegal they must be enlarged.
The witnesses who could here (if the charges are well founded) have substantiated their guilt, being at a great distance, time will be given them to escape, and that punishment so necessary to be inflicted on the crimes with which they are charged, will be eluded. Whereas if the civil authority had been applied to, and what is perhaps of much consequence, prompt justice would have been done: an awful example would have been offered on the spot, that might have appalled the guilty, or a speedy acquittal to the innocent, would have destroyed those sympathies which illegal and violent measures always create. At a moment when union is more necessary than at any other period, the shadow of justice ought to have been avoided.
The witnesses who could here (if the charges are well founded) have substantiated their guilt, being at a great distance, time will be given them to escape, and that punishment so necessary to be inflicted on the crimes with which they are charged, will be eluded. Whereas if the civil authority had been applied to, and what is perhaps of much consequence, prompt justice would have been done: an awful example would have been offered on the spot, that might have appalled the guilty, or a speedy acquittal to the innocent, would have destroyed those sympathies which illegal and violent measures always create. At a moment when union is more necessary than at any other period, the shadow of justice ought to have been avoided.
A consideration of these consequences, a conviction of the illegality of the arrests, and a sense of duty induced me, in compliance with the request of a fellow practitioner, to attempt the judicial release of Dr. Bollman, of whose guilt, as is now stated, there was sufficient proof to have warranted a commitment here.
A consideration of these consequences, a conviction of the illegality of the arrests, and a sense of duty induced me, in compliance with the request of a fellow practitioner, to attempt the judicial release of Dr. Bollman, of whose guilt, as is now stated, there was sufficient proof to have warranted a commitment here.
That same sense of duty induced me to issue another writ of Habeas Corpus for Mr. Alexander & Mr. Ogden. The latter gentleman had been brought a few days prior to this, before Judge Workman, and was discharged—in defiance to all civil authority he was included in the same order for arrest with Mr. Alexander, and was taken on Monday out of his lodgings by a party of armed dragoons, and I suppose sent out of the territory, for the return to the Habeas Corpus in this cause, was a reference to that in the case of Bollman.
That same sense of duty induced me to issue another writ of Habeas Corpus for Mr. Alexander & Mr. Ogden. The latter gentleman had been brought a few days prior to this, before Judge Workman, and was discharged—in defiance to all civil authority he was included in the same order for arrest with Mr. Alexander, and was taken on Monday out of his lodgings by a party of armed dragoons, and I suppose sent out of the territory, for the return to the Habeas Corpus in this cause, was a reference to that in the case of Bollman.
I know not what effect this publication will have, it may justify me to my country, which is the first wish of my heart, it may be the means of producing a strict scrutiny into my conduct, which I invite, it may draw down the further vengeance of my accuser, which I will never deprecate. But whatever may be the event, nothing can destroy the consciousness I enjoy of my own rectitude on this occasion, nor the determination in my humble sphere, to resist oppression and assert the empire of the Law.
I know not what effect this publication will have, it may justify me to my country, which is the first wish of my heart, it may be the means of producing a strict scrutiny into my conduct, which I invite, it may draw down the further vengeance of my accuser, which I will never deprecate. But whatever may be the event, nothing can destroy the consciousness I enjoy of my own rectitude on this occasion, nor the determination in my humble sphere, to resist oppression and assert the empire of the Law.
EDW. LIVINGSTON. New Orleans, 26th December, 1806.
EDW. LIVINGSTON. New Orleans, 26th December, 1806.
(a) On the day this was sent to the press, I had a conversation with Dr. Rodgers, in consequence of which the following correspondence passed between us:
(a) On the day this was sent to the press, I had a conversation with Dr. Rodgers, in consequence of which the following correspondence passed between us:
Sir, "In my conversation with you this morning,
Sir, "In my conversation with you this morning,
think you stated that you had not a very perfect recollection of the names mentioned by Mr. Keene, to you, as those of persons engaged in a Mexican expedition, and that you may have mentioned some in your affidavit from hearing them frequently spoken of.—You also stated, if I recollect right, that you did not think from Mr. Keene's manner, that he was in earnest, and that the circumstances made very little impression upon you at the time.
think you stated that you had not a very perfect recollection of the names mentioned by Mr. Keene, to you, as those of persons engaged in a Mexican expedition, and that you may have mentioned some in your affidavit from hearing them frequently spoken of.—You also stated, if I recollect right, that you did not think from Mr. Keene's manner, that he was in earnest, and that the circumstances made very little impression upon you at the time.
"I also with you to state whether other names (I do not with you to particularize them) were not mentioned by Mr. Keene, and are not set forth in your affidavit? Whether any of them have been arrested, & whether one or more, are not now in the service of the U. States.
"I also with you to state whether other names (I do not with you to particularize them) were not mentioned by Mr. Keene, and are not set forth in your affidavit? Whether any of them have been arrested, & whether one or more, are not now in the service of the U. States.
"Your immediate answer to this note, will much oblige your most obedient servant. (Signed) "EDWARD LIVINGSTON. "Dec. 26, 1806. "To Dr. Rodgers."
"Your immediate answer to this note, will much oblige your most obedient servant. (Signed) "EDWARD LIVINGSTON. "Dec. 26, 1806. "To Dr. Rodgers."
"Sir, "In our conversation, I am conversation, I mentioned there was a possibility that I might have introduced names in my affidavit which were not mentioned by Mr. Keene to me, because the persons suspected had been frequently spoken of in my hearing, but believed that I was correct—I likewise mentioned that I had not then placed confidence in Mr. Keene's narrative, supposing that "Burr" would not have chosen a wild rattling fellow, such as he is, to further his schemes. The names of all the persons mentioned by Mr. Keene, were set forth in my affidavit, none of whom have I believe been arrested; one of them is in the service of the U. States, but he, with another, were noticed in my certificate, otherwise than the ref.
"Sir, "In our conversation, I am conversation, I mentioned there was a possibility that I might have introduced names in my affidavit which were not mentioned by Mr. Keene to me, because the persons suspected had been frequently spoken of in my hearing, but believed that I was correct—I likewise mentioned that I had not then placed confidence in Mr. Keene's narrative, supposing that "Burr" would not have chosen a wild rattling fellow, such as he is, to further his schemes. The names of all the persons mentioned by Mr. Keene, were set forth in my affidavit, none of whom have I believe been arrested; one of them is in the service of the U. States, but he, with another, were noticed in my certificate, otherwise than the ref.
(Signed) "W. RODGERS, Surgeon of the U. States Navy. "Dec. 26, 1806. "To Edward Livingston, Esq. "Dec. 26, 1806."
(Signed) "W. RODGERS, Surgeon of the U. States Navy. "Dec. 26, 1806. "To Edward Livingston, Esq. "Dec. 26, 1806."
From this it appears among other facts, that Mr. Keene mentioned the names of several gentlemen, none of whom have been denounced, or arrested; & one of whom is actually an officer now employed under Gen. Wilkinson's command. If the general then gave credit to this information, why are not the others denounced. If he did not, why is it made the ground of accusation against me? As to the payment of the money to Bollman, let it be remembered, that no secret was made of the transaction; that I told it to the prosecutor for the U. States, as appears by the following certificate:
From this it appears among other facts, that Mr. Keene mentioned the names of several gentlemen, none of whom have been denounced, or arrested; & one of whom is actually an officer now employed under Gen. Wilkinson's command. If the general then gave credit to this information, why are not the others denounced. If he did not, why is it made the ground of accusation against me? As to the payment of the money to Bollman, let it be remembered, that no secret was made of the transaction; that I told it to the prosecutor for the U. States, as appears by the following certificate:
"Shortly after my receiving information of the arrival of Dr. Bollman in this territory, Mr. Edward Livingston informed me, that Bollman had preferred to him an order for about two thousand dollars, drawn in favor of Bollman, by Col. Burr; and at the same time expressed his surprise, that Burr should have been indebted to Bollman. (Signed) "JAS. BROWN. "Dec. 19th, 1806."
"Shortly after my receiving information of the arrival of Dr. Bollman in this territory, Mr. Edward Livingston informed me, that Bollman had preferred to him an order for about two thousand dollars, drawn in favor of Bollman, by Col. Burr; and at the same time expressed his surprise, that Burr should have been indebted to Bollman. (Signed) "JAS. BROWN. "Dec. 19th, 1806."
"And that a few days after Gen. Wilkinson's arrival, I openly mentioned to him, if he thought it an evidence of guilt, why did he continue his intimacy with me? If he has other proofs as he once hinted, why are they not brought forward? No efforts of mine have been wanted to provoke enquiry, as appears by my conduct in Court, and by the following letter, delivered to Judge Hall, on the day it bears date:
"And that a few days after Gen. Wilkinson's arrival, I openly mentioned to him, if he thought it an evidence of guilt, why did he continue his intimacy with me? If he has other proofs as he once hinted, why are they not brought forward? No efforts of mine have been wanted to provoke enquiry, as appears by my conduct in Court, and by the following letter, delivered to Judge Hall, on the day it bears date:
"Sir, "It is now upwards of a week since General Wilkinson charged me, at the bar of the Superior Court, with a participation in high crimes against the United States, promising to support them by affidavit; though you may probably have heard this circumstance, yet, as you cannot act without authentic information, I take the liberty of stating it, that the general may be summoned to lay any charges he may have against me before the proper tribunal, or that his neglect or incapacity to produce them, may be another evidence of the unfounded nature of his accusation. I am, with great respect, your most obedient servant. (Signed) "EDWARD LIVINGSTON. "Dec. 26, 1806."
"Sir, "It is now upwards of a week since General Wilkinson charged me, at the bar of the Superior Court, with a participation in high crimes against the United States, promising to support them by affidavit; though you may probably have heard this circumstance, yet, as you cannot act without authentic information, I take the liberty of stating it, that the general may be summoned to lay any charges he may have against me before the proper tribunal, or that his neglect or incapacity to produce them, may be another evidence of the unfounded nature of his accusation. I am, with great respect, your most obedient servant. (Signed) "EDWARD LIVINGSTON. "Dec. 26, 1806."
"(b) I am authorized to state, that official communication has been made to General Wilkinson, that the proper tribunal was ready to receive and act upon any charges he might think proper to make."
"(b) I am authorized to state, that official communication has been made to General Wilkinson, that the proper tribunal was ready to receive and act upon any charges he might think proper to make."
WASHINGTON, Feb. 4. United States Messrs. Bollman and Swartout.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 4. United States Messrs. Bollman and Swartout.
The following opinions were delivered on the 30th ult. in the circuit court of the district of Columbia, on the motion to commit the prisoners.
The following opinions were delivered on the 30th ult. in the circuit court of the district of Columbia, on the motion to commit the prisoners.
Chief judge Cranch delivered the following opinion: It is the opinion of a majority of the judges that Eric Bollman and Samuel Swartout should be committed for trial for the crime with which they are charged. It is also the opinion of a majority of the judges that they should not be admitted to bail at present.
Chief judge Cranch delivered the following opinion: It is the opinion of a majority of the judges that Eric Bollman and Samuel Swartout should be committed for trial for the crime with which they are charged. It is also the opinion of a majority of the judges that they should not be admitted to bail at present.
Upon the motion heretofore made to this court by the attorney of the U. States for a warrant to arrest doctor Bollman and Mr. Swartout upon the charge of treason against the U. S. I thought myself bound to dissent from the opinion of my brethren on the bench, because I did not think that the fact before us, supported by oath or affirmation, showed probable cause to believe that either of the prisoners had levied war against the U. S.
Upon the motion heretofore made to this court by the attorney of the U. States for a warrant to arrest doctor Bollman and Mr. Swartout upon the charge of treason against the U. S. I thought myself bound to dissent from the opinion of my brethren on the bench, because I did not think that the fact before us, supported by oath or affirmation, showed probable cause to believe that either of the prisoners had levied war against the U. S.
After further deliberation, and a more mature examination, both of the evidence and the law, my doubts are very much confirmed. In times like these, when the public mind is agitated, when wars, and rumors of wars, plots, conspiracies and treasons excite alarm, it is the duty of the court to be peculiarly watchful, lest the public feelings should reach the seat of justice, and thereby precedents be established which may become the ready tools of faction in times more disastrous. The worst of precedents may be established from the best of motives. We ought to be upon our guard lest our zeal for the public interest lead us to overstep the bounds of the law and the constitution; for although we may thereby bring one criminal to punishment, we may furnish the means by which an hundred innocent persons may suffer.
After further deliberation, and a more mature examination, both of the evidence and the law, my doubts are very much confirmed. In times like these, when the public mind is agitated, when wars, and rumors of wars, plots, conspiracies and treasons excite alarm, it is the duty of the court to be peculiarly watchful, lest the public feelings should reach the seat of justice, and thereby precedents be established which may become the ready tools of faction in times more disastrous. The worst of precedents may be established from the best of motives. We ought to be upon our guard lest our zeal for the public interest lead us to overstep the bounds of the law and the constitution; for although we may thereby bring one criminal to punishment, we may furnish the means by which an hundred innocent persons may suffer.
The constitution was made for times of commotion. In the calm of peace and prosperity there is seldom great injustice. Dangerous precedents occur in dangerous times. It then becomes the duty of the judiciary, calmly to poise the scales of justice, unmoved by the arm of power, undisturbed by the clamor of the multitude.
The constitution was made for times of commotion. In the calm of peace and prosperity there is seldom great injustice. Dangerous precedents occur in dangerous times. It then becomes the duty of the judiciary, calmly to poise the scales of justice, unmoved by the arm of power, undisturbed by the clamor of the multitude.
Whenever an application is made to us in our judicial character, we are bound, not only by the nature of our office, but by our solemn oaths, to administer justice according to the laws and constitution of the U. S.
Whenever an application is made to us in our judicial character, we are bound, not only by the nature of our office, but by our solemn oaths, to administer justice according to the laws and constitution of the U. S.
No political motives,—no reasons of state, can justify a disregard of that solemn injunction.
No political motives,—no reasons of state, can justify a disregard of that solemn injunction.
In cases of emergency, it is for the executive department of the government to act upon its own responsibility, and to rely upon the necessity of the case for its justification; but this court is bound by the law and the constitution in all events.
In cases of emergency, it is for the executive department of the government to act upon its own responsibility, and to rely upon the necessity of the case for its justification; but this court is bound by the law and the constitution in all events.
When therefore the constitution declares, that "the right of the people to be secure in their persons," "against unreasonable seizures," "shall not be violated," and that "no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation," this court
When therefore the constitution declares, that "the right of the people to be secure in their persons," "against unreasonable seizures," "shall not be violated," and that "no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation," this court
is as much bound, as any individual magistrate, to obey its command. The cause of issuing a warrant of arrest, is a crime committed by the person charged. Probable cause, therefore, is a probability that the crime has been committed by that person. Of this probability, the court or magistrate, issuing the warrant, must be satisfied by facts supported by oath or affirmation. The facts, therefore, which are stated upon oath, must induce a reasonable probability that all the acts have been done which constitute the offence charged. The question whether a crime has been committed, is a question partly of law, and partly of fact. What acts constitute the crime, is a question of law. Whether those acts have been done, is a question of fact. The crime charged in the present case, is treason against the U. S. The question of law is, what acts constitute that crime? The 3d sect. of the 3d art. of the constitution of the U. S. says, that "treason against the U. S. shall consist only in levying war against them, or, in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort." As it is not contended that the prisoners are guilty under the second clause of the definition; if guilty at all, it must be of treason in levying war against the U. S. To a man of plain understanding it would seem to be a matter of little difficulty to decide what was meant in the constitution by levying war ; but the subtilties of lawyers and judges, invented in times of heat and turbulence, have involved the question in some obscurity. It is not my intention, at this time, to say how far the expression ought to be limited, nor how far it has been extended.—It is however to be hoped that we shall never in this country adopt the long list of constructive treasons invented in England by the worst of judges in the worst of times. It is sufficient to say that the most comprehensive definition of levying war against the king, or against the United States which I have seen, requires an assemblage of men, ready to act, and with an intent to do some treasonable act , and armed in warlike manner, or else assembled in such numbers as to supercede the necessity of arms. The advocates for the prosecution have not, as I understand, contended for a more unlimited definition than this. It is unnecessary, and perhaps would be improper for me at this time, to say more on the question of fact, than, that in my opinion, there is no probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, within the meaning of the constitution, to charge either Dr. Bollman, or Mr. Swartout, with treason by levying war against the U. States. From most of the doctrines urged on the part of the prosecution, I must, most explicitly, declare my dissent. I can never agree that executive communications, not on oath or affirmation, can, under the words of our constitution, be received as sufficient evidence, in a court of justice, to charge a man with treason, much less to commit him for trial. If such doctrines can be supported, there is no necessity of a suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, by the authority of the legislature. As it is admitted that such communications cannot be evidence on the trial, and as an opinion on that point, therefore, cannot be considered as prejudging any question which can occur in a subsequent stage of the prosecution, I have thought proper to be thus explicit on that point. To have said less, I should have deemed a dereliction of duty. The substance of Judge Ducket's opinion. Mr. D said he should not make many observations in addition to what he had remarked on granting the district attorney's motion, for a warrant to arrest the prisoners on the charge of treason. Nor should he make any professions of scrupulous attachment to the right of personal liberty in the citizens of our country; because, if the whole tenor of his conduct through life, had not evinced such attachment, he felt assured that no professions on his part could, on this point, secure the confidence of the public. He concurred in the sentiment, that no reasons of state, no political motive should be suffered to influence in the slightest degree the decision of the present question;—but while on the one hand, a due regard should be paid to the right of personal liberty in the citizen, we should not be entirely forgetful of the duty we owed to the public, of preserving the constitution and government of the country. That on the question then before the court, he would observe, as he had done when the warrant issued, that he would at that time give no opinion, as to what constituted a levying of war within the definition of treason in the constitution of the U. States. That it appeared to him unnecessary, if not improper to do so, as he might be called upon to decide the law, in reference to the facts that might appear on the trial of the trial of the prisoners. That the only question then to be decided was, whether there was probable cause supported by oath or affirmation, as required by the 6th article of the amendments to the constitution, to induce a belief that the prisoners were guilty of the crime for which they had been arrested. This question he said had been deliberately considered by the court before the warrant issued, and he thought every thing in this inceptive state of the business, was regularly an ex parte proceeding; he therefore had been against permitting counsel to argue on any question, except, whether the offence was bailable, and whether under the circumstances, the court in their discretion ought to bail. They had, however been allowed to argue in effect to the utmost latitude against the propriety of having issued the warrant. To this argument he had given the strictest attention, and could observe with Mr. Fitzhugh, that it would have been well addressed to the jury, if the prisoners had been upon their trial. It had however produced no alteration in his opinion, as he still thought there was probable cause appearing to the court to authorise the commitment of the prisoners for trial. To determine this question, said Mr. D. let us take a short view of the evidence. The depositions of general Wilkinson prove unquestionably, the connection of the prisoners with Col. Burr, in carrying into effect one common intent or plan, and their knowledge of this view. They, indeed, shew, from the acts of the prisoners and their own confessions, their immediate agency in the furtherance of this scheme. If, then, it can be shewn, that Mr. Burr has probably committed treason, their agency and connection with him, while possessing this knowledge of his treasonable views, create the same probability against them, as in the same treason all in this stage of the business must be considered principals. What then was the intention, the quo animo with which Mr. Burr's expedition was undertaken? This, by general Eaton's deposition, is proved to be the separation of the Western from the Atlantic states, and the establishment of a monarchy there, of which Mr. B. was to be the sovereign. It is probable he had another object also in view, the invasion of Mexico; but this does not appear to be distinct from his treasonable plan of dismembering the union. This treasonable intention is also stated in the confessions made to general Wilkinson by one of the prisoners. In the pursuit, then, of this object, we find that Mr. B. had actually commenced the expedition, and that he expected to be at Natchez, with an armed force, at a certain period. It appears too, from the confessions of the prisoners themselves, that Mr. B. was levying a large body of armed men, and what may go far to prove their knowledge of and agency in that business is, that the officer who was to command the first five hundred men is stated by name. One of the prisoners also says, that he had written to colonel Burr for provisions. Should these circumstances, or themselves , not amount to overt acts of levying war, upon which question Mr. D. laid he should, at that time, say nothing, yet when taken in connection with the situation of the country, the state of alarm existing among the people, and the active preparations of defence against an expected attack, they furnished strong prima facie evidence that they had been followed up by the commission of other acts on the part of Mr. Burr and the prisoners, that would amount to a levying of war within the strictest definition of the terms. Nor is there anything in the testimony, said Mr. D. that can positively exclude the inference, of an active co-operation on the part of the prisoners in the different measures that are probably imputable to Mr. B. Mr. D. then remarked, that an observation, made by himself, on issuing the warrant, seemed not to have been correctly understood by the prisoners' counsel. He had not said, that in the present case it was necessary to resort to public documents to aid the depositions in furnishing probable cause for the arrest; but he would now observe as he had then done, that although the depositions did to his mind establish a probable cause on which he could act, yet that this probability was strongly corroborated by the message of the president and other public documents on the subject. That even admitting that the 6th article of the amendments to the constitution which provides against general warrants, may require an oath or affirmation before any warrant can issue, yet he could not subscribe to the doctrine that the circumstances showing the probable cause, must in all cases be contained in the oath or affirmation itself. If this principle be once considered correct, it would indeed, when taken in connection with the necessity contended for in the present case, of proving, on a question of commitment the positive existence of the offence charged, be the worst precedent, as it regarded the public safety, that could possibly be established, though at the same time it might be the most convenient cloak for treason that could be invented. Under this doctrine, even an authenticated record showing the conviction of Mr. B. of treason, could it be produced on the present question, would be deemed inadmissible in corroboration of the probable cause contained in the affidavits. Mr. D. concluded by observing, that he was opposed to bailing the prisoners, for although the evidence might also have charged them with a misdemeanor in letting on foot an expedition against a nation at amity with the United States, yet as they had been arrested on a charge of the higher offence against their country, nothing but their perons could be considered an adequate security to the public. WASHINGTON, Feb. 11. On Monday Mr. Lee delivered a short argument before the Supreme Court of the U. S. on his motion for a writ of Habeas Corpus in the case of Samuel Swartout. Mr. Rodney said it was not his wish in this stage of the business, to make any remarks. If it should be the determination of the court to issue a writ of Habeas Corpus he should cheerfully submit to it. The Chief Justice said the court would give their opinion the next day. On Tuesday, Mr. Harper observed that as the court had not yet given an opinion on the motion made by Mr. Lee, it was his wish in connection with Mr. Martin, to be heard as counsel for Dr. Erick Bollman. He said they were induced to make this request, from understanding that the court had some difficulty on certain points, which had not been so fully examined by Mr. Lee as their importance merited. The Chief Justice said the court would hear Messrs. Harper and Martin to-morrow. We have received a Nashville paper of the 17th of Jan. containing an account of the dismission of the militia raised by Gen. James Jackson, under the impression that no danger existed for their continuing embodied. These proceedings impressively manifest the patriotism of the state of Tennessee. We shall give them entire in our next. Extra of a letter from the Governor of Tennessee, to a member of Congress, dated Knoxville, Jan. 21. "You may rest assured nothing is to be apprehended from any misconduct in the people of Tennessee. No doubt some malcontents are among us; but their party is too insignificant to disturb the public tranquility." Extra of a letter, dated New Orleans, January 9, 1807. "We are still in suspense as to Mr. Burr's operations, should Mr. Burr appear in force, our only hope would in my opinion be on Gen. Wilkinson and his force." Extra of a letter, dated Nashville, Jan. 19, 1807. "I can with pleasure and great confidence assure you that there is no section of the U. S. more firmly attached to the government and union of the U. S. than this part of Tennessee. Burr has frequently visited Nashville, has been treated with marked attention by a few individuals; but I hope and believe that this was induced by the motive of hospitality to strangers. However, I am certain that none here would co-operate in such a desperate and wicked undertaking, except there might be a few desperate and embarrassed men. As soon as the public mind became informed by the President's proclamation, you can have no conception how high the public indignation rose against all who were even suspected." Extra of a letter dated Maryville, Ten. Jan. 19, 1807. "The intrigues of Burr have had no influence in this part of the state, and have only served to excite contempt. I hope we shall be all wise enough to know that our national felicity depends on our union."
is as much bound, as any individual magistrate, to obey its command. The cause of issuing a warrant of arrest, is a crime committed by the person charged. Probable cause, therefore, is a probability that the crime has been committed by that person. Of this probability, the court or magistrate, issuing the warrant, must be satisfied by facts supported by oath or affirmation. The facts, therefore, which are stated upon oath, must induce a reasonable probability that all the acts have been done which constitute the offence charged. The question whether a crime has been committed, is a question partly of law, and partly of fact. What acts constitute the crime, is a question of law. Whether those acts have been done, is a question of fact. The crime charged in the present case, is treason against the U. S. The question of law is, what acts constitute that crime? The 3d sect. of the 3d art. of the constitution of the U. S. says, that "treason against the U. S. shall consist only in levying war against them, or, in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort." As it is not contended that the prisoners are guilty under the second clause of the definition; if guilty at all, it must be of treason in levying war against the U. S. To a man of plain understanding it would seem to be a matter of little difficulty to decide what was meant in the constitution by levying war ; but the subtilties of lawyers and judges, invented in times of heat and turbulence, have involved the question in some obscurity. It is not my intention, at this time, to say how far the expression ought to be limited, nor how far it has been extended.—It is however to be hoped that we shall never in this country adopt the long list of constructive treasons invented in England by the worst of judges in the worst of times. It is sufficient to say that the most comprehensive definition of levying war against the king, or against the United States which I have seen, requires an assemblage of men, ready to act, and with an intent to do some treasonable act , and armed in warlike manner, or else assembled in such numbers as to supercede the necessity of arms. The advocates for the prosecution have not, as I understand, contended for a more unlimited definition than this. It is unnecessary, and perhaps would be improper for me at this time, to say more on the question of fact, than, that in my opinion, there is no probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, within the meaning of the constitution, to charge either Dr. Bollman, or Mr. Swartout, with treason by levying war against the U. States. From most of the doctrines urged on the part of the prosecution, I must, most explicitly, declare my dissent. I can never agree that executive communications, not on oath or affirmation, can, under the words of our constitution, be received as sufficient evidence, in a court of justice, to charge a man with treason, much less to commit him for trial. If such doctrines can be supported, there is no necessity of a suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, by the authority of the legislature. As it is admitted that such communications cannot be evidence on the trial, and as an opinion on that point, therefore, cannot be considered as prejudging any question which can occur in a subsequent stage of the prosecution, I have thought proper to be thus explicit on that point. To have said less, I should have deemed a dereliction of duty. The substance of Judge Ducket's opinion. Mr. D said he should not make many observations in addition to what he had remarked on granting the district attorney's motion, for a warrant to arrest the prisoners on the charge of treason. Nor should he make any professions of scrupulous attachment to the right of personal liberty in the citizens of our country; because, if the whole tenor of his conduct through life, had not evinced such attachment, he felt assured that no professions on his part could, on this point, secure the confidence of the public. He concurred in the sentiment, that no reasons of state, no political motive should be suffered to influence in the slightest degree the decision of the present question;—but while on the one hand, a due regard should be paid to the right of personal liberty in the citizen, we should not be entirely forgetful of the duty we owed to the public, of preserving the constitution and government of the country. That on the question then before the court, he would observe, as he had done when the warrant issued, that he would at that time give no opinion, as to what constituted a levying of war within the definition of treason in the constitution of the U. States. That it appeared to him unnecessary, if not improper to do so, as he might be called upon to decide the law, in reference to the facts that might appear on the trial of the trial of the prisoners. That the only question then to be decided was, whether there was probable cause supported by oath or affirmation, as required by the 6th article of the amendments to the constitution, to induce a belief that the prisoners were guilty of the crime for which they had been arrested. This question he said had been deliberately considered by the court before the warrant issued, and he thought every thing in this inceptive state of the business, was regularly an ex parte proceeding; he therefore had been against permitting counsel to argue on any question, except, whether the offence was bailable, and whether under the circumstances, the court in their discretion ought to bail. They had, however been allowed to argue in effect to the utmost latitude against the propriety of having issued the warrant. To this argument he had given the strictest attention, and could observe with Mr. Fitzhugh, that it would have been well addressed to the jury, if the prisoners had been upon their trial. It had however produced no alteration in his opinion, as he still thought there was probable cause appearing to the court to authorise the commitment of the prisoners for trial. To determine this question, said Mr. D. let us take a short view of the evidence. The depositions of general Wilkinson prove unquestionably, the connection of the prisoners with Col. Burr, in carrying into effect one common intent or plan, and their knowledge of this view. They, indeed, shew, from the acts of the prisoners and their own confessions, their immediate agency in the furtherance of this scheme. If, then, it can be shewn, that Mr. Burr has probably committed treason, their agency and connection with him, while possessing this knowledge of his treasonable views, create the same probability against them, as in the same treason all in this stage of the business must be considered principals. What then was the intention, the quo animo with which Mr. Burr's expedition was undertaken? This, by general Eaton's deposition, is proved to be the separation of the Western from the Atlantic states, and the establishment of a monarchy there, of which Mr. B. was to be the sovereign. It is probable he had another object also in view, the invasion of Mexico; but this does not appear to be distinct from his treasonable plan of dismembering the union. This treasonable intention is also stated in the confessions made to general Wilkinson by one of the prisoners. In the pursuit, then, of this object, we find that Mr. B. had actually commenced the expedition, and that he expected to be at Natchez, with an armed force, at a certain period. It appears too, from the confessions of the prisoners themselves, that Mr. B. was levying a large body of armed men, and what may go far to prove their knowledge of and agency in that business is, that the officer who was to command the first five hundred men is stated by name. One of the prisoners also says, that he had written to colonel Burr for provisions. Should these circumstances, or themselves , not amount to overt acts of levying war, upon which question Mr. D. laid he should, at that time, say nothing, yet when taken in connection with the situation of the country, the state of alarm existing among the people, and the active preparations of defence against an expected attack, they furnished strong prima facie evidence that they had been followed up by the commission of other acts on the part of Mr. Burr and the prisoners, that would amount to a levying of war within the strictest definition of the terms. Nor is there anything in the testimony, said Mr. D. that can positively exclude the inference, of an active co-operation on the part of the prisoners in the different measures that are probably imputable to Mr. B. Mr. D. then remarked, that an observation, made by himself, on issuing the warrant, seemed not to have been correctly understood by the prisoners' counsel. He had not said, that in the present case it was necessary to resort to public documents to aid the depositions in furnishing probable cause for the arrest; but he would now observe as he had then done, that although the depositions did to his mind establish a probable cause on which he could act, yet that this probability was strongly corroborated by the message of the president and other public documents on the subject. That even admitting that the 6th article of the amendments to the constitution which provides against general warrants, may require an oath or affirmation before any warrant can issue, yet he could not subscribe to the doctrine that the circumstances showing the probable cause, must in all cases be contained in the oath or affirmation itself. If this principle be once considered correct, it would indeed, when taken in connection with the necessity contended for in the present case, of proving, on a question of commitment the positive existence of the offence charged, be the worst precedent, as it regarded the public safety, that could possibly be established, though at the same time it might be the most convenient cloak for treason that could be invented. Under this doctrine, even an authenticated record showing the conviction of Mr. B. of treason, could it be produced on the present question, would be deemed inadmissible in corroboration of the probable cause contained in the affidavits. Mr. D. concluded by observing, that he was opposed to bailing the prisoners, for although the evidence might also have charged them with a misdemeanor in letting on foot an expedition against a nation at amity with the United States, yet as they had been arrested on a charge of the higher offence against their country, nothing but their perons could be considered an adequate security to the public. WASHINGTON, Feb. 11. On Monday Mr. Lee delivered a short argument before the Supreme Court of the U. S. on his motion for a writ of Habeas Corpus in the case of Samuel Swartout. Mr. Rodney said it was not his wish in this stage of the business, to make any remarks. If it should be the determination of the court to issue a writ of Habeas Corpus he should cheerfully submit to it. The Chief Justice said the court would give their opinion the next day. On Tuesday, Mr. Harper observed that as the court had not yet given an opinion on the motion made by Mr. Lee, it was his wish in connection with Mr. Martin, to be heard as counsel for Dr. Erick Bollman. He said they were induced to make this request, from understanding that the court had some difficulty on certain points, which had not been so fully examined by Mr. Lee as their importance merited. The Chief Justice said the court would hear Messrs. Harper and Martin to-morrow. We have received a Nashville paper of the 17th of Jan. containing an account of the dismission of the militia raised by Gen. James Jackson, under the impression that no danger existed for their continuing embodied. These proceedings impressively manifest the patriotism of the state of Tennessee. We shall give them entire in our next. Extra of a letter from the Governor of Tennessee, to a member of Congress, dated Knoxville, Jan. 21. "You may rest assured nothing is to be apprehended from any misconduct in the people of Tennessee. No doubt some malcontents are among us; but their party is too insignificant to disturb the public tranquility." Extra of a letter, dated New Orleans, January 9, 1807. "We are still in suspense as to Mr. Burr's operations, should Mr. Burr appear in force, our only hope would in my opinion be on Gen. Wilkinson and his force." Extra of a letter, dated Nashville, Jan. 19, 1807. "I can with pleasure and great confidence assure you that there is no section of the U. S. more firmly attached to the government and union of the U. S. than this part of Tennessee. Burr has frequently visited Nashville, has been treated with marked attention by a few individuals; but I hope and believe that this was induced by the motive of hospitality to strangers. However, I am certain that none here would co-operate in such a desperate and wicked undertaking, except there might be a few desperate and embarrassed men. As soon as the public mind became informed by the President's proclamation, you can have no conception how high the public indignation rose against all who were even suspected." Extra of a letter dated Maryville, Ten. Jan. 19, 1807. "The intrigues of Burr have had no influence in this part of the state, and have only served to excite contempt. I hope we shall be all wise enough to know that our national felicity depends on our union."

Extracts from a letter, dated Nashville, January 22.
Extracts from a letter, dated Nashville, January 22.
"On the subject of our united interests, your ideas are altogether correct, and will bear the test of everlasting ages. The dismemberment of the western from the Atlantic states would bring down upon us difficulties that would hardly be repaired in ages. The very idea of such a thing under existing circumstances is one of the most foolish and preposterous that ever entered the brain of any man. It is out of all calculation and reason to suppose that a measure of this kind could be effected, or would be attempted, when there is not one single advocate for such a scheme in all the western country."
"On the subject of our united interests, your ideas are altogether correct, and will bear the test of everlasting ages. The dismemberment of the western from the Atlantic states would bring down upon us difficulties that would hardly be repaired in ages. The very idea of such a thing under existing circumstances is one of the most foolish and preposterous that ever entered the brain of any man. It is out of all calculation and reason to suppose that a measure of this kind could be effected, or would be attempted, when there is not one single advocate for such a scheme in all the western country."
Extract of a letter dated Meadville, Jan. 17th 1806, to a member of Congress.
Extract of a letter dated Meadville, Jan. 17th 1806, to a member of Congress.
I observe in the National Intelligencer an extract of a letter from Meadville, which I wrote you dated Nov. 17th, 1806. It is there stated that James Gibson, Samuel Lord, Ralph Marlin and Jabez Colt had departed from Meadville for Beaver, and that Mr. Colt and Mr. Marlin expected commissions in the expedition under Col. Burr. It is true that these gentlemen went to Beaver at that time, but they did not go on that expedition, having since returned to Meadville. I am therefore happy at having it in my power to oppose this fact to the report that had been circulated here, and to the information given respecting the intentions of these gentlemen by some of those who have actually gone on that expedition from this place. It has been since stated by respectable persons that Mr. Gibson's business to Beaver was of a private, personal nature, and that Mr. Marlin had expressed in strong terms his disapprobation of any undertaking against the peace or interest of U.S.
I observe in the National Intelligencer an extract of a letter from Meadville, which I wrote you dated Nov. 17th, 1806. It is there stated that James Gibson, Samuel Lord, Ralph Marlin and Jabez Colt had departed from Meadville for Beaver, and that Mr. Colt and Mr. Marlin expected commissions in the expedition under Col. Burr. It is true that these gentlemen went to Beaver at that time, but they did not go on that expedition, having since returned to Meadville. I am therefore happy at having it in my power to oppose this fact to the report that had been circulated here, and to the information given respecting the intentions of these gentlemen by some of those who have actually gone on that expedition from this place. It has been since stated by respectable persons that Mr. Gibson's business to Beaver was of a private, personal nature, and that Mr. Marlin had expressed in strong terms his disapprobation of any undertaking against the peace or interest of U.S.
The editor of the Norfolk Ledger makes the following comment, on Com. Barney's and Gen. Turreau's denials of Williamson's correspondence.
The editor of the Norfolk Ledger makes the following comment, on Com. Barney's and Gen. Turreau's denials of Williamson's correspondence.
The ingenious suggestions of Commodore Barney deserve our notice. He wishes to know what has become of Mons. le Chaperon , to whom the letters were entrusted? It does not require much reflection, to perceive that the despatches might get to this country, and the Lieutenant go another way. Nor does it by any means follow, that those which have been received and published are not copies. Nor does it follow because the originals have not been received, that these are fabrications. The originals might have experienced the same fate, if these are not originals. Gen. TURREAU, it is permitted his name to be used, for what purpose we do not perceive, for certainly it did not require his authority to prove that letters that were intercepted, were never received by him.
The ingenious suggestions of Commodore Barney deserve our notice. He wishes to know what has become of Mons. le Chaperon , to whom the letters were entrusted? It does not require much reflection, to perceive that the despatches might get to this country, and the Lieutenant go another way. Nor does it by any means follow, that those which have been received and published are not copies. Nor does it follow because the originals have not been received, that these are fabrications. The originals might have experienced the same fate, if these are not originals. Gen. TURREAU, it is permitted his name to be used, for what purpose we do not perceive, for certainly it did not require his authority to prove that letters that were intercepted, were never received by him.
General Turreau and Commodore Barney, particularly the latter, having endeavoured to invalidate the authenticity of these letters, if these Gentlemen will agree to confine their defence to the authenticity only, and agree (if authentic) that the contents are infamous, and deserve the odium we have endeavoured to fix on them, we will then endeavour to prove them to be genuine, as indeed a perusal of them is sufficient to prove; particularly the letter addressed to Commodore Barney, in which he is nothing offensive, and what one friend might be very well supposed to write to another.
General Turreau and Commodore Barney, particularly the latter, having endeavoured to invalidate the authenticity of these letters, if these Gentlemen will agree to confine their defence to the authenticity only, and agree (if authentic) that the contents are infamous, and deserve the odium we have endeavoured to fix on them, we will then endeavour to prove them to be genuine, as indeed a perusal of them is sufficient to prove; particularly the letter addressed to Commodore Barney, in which he is nothing offensive, and what one friend might be very well supposed to write to another.
To suppose these letters forgeries, the person who forged them must have known the daily operations of the fleet for months, he must have known that Admiral Williamson and Commodore Barney were acquainted, and after all must have contrived to have these letters intercepted. It is too ridiculous to suppose so, and we trust that our readers and the public in general, will not be duped by such feeble efforts.
To suppose these letters forgeries, the person who forged them must have known the daily operations of the fleet for months, he must have known that Admiral Williamson and Commodore Barney were acquainted, and after all must have contrived to have these letters intercepted. It is too ridiculous to suppose so, and we trust that our readers and the public in general, will not be duped by such feeble efforts.
There is one thing we would mention, and which we should have done before, but it escaped us. In transferring every one who has had experience, know that it is often difficult to understand well characters in a language not our own, particularly in proper names, we may have therefore mistaken the name of "Mons. Chaperon," but such we understand was his name, from the writing.
There is one thing we would mention, and which we should have done before, but it escaped us. In transferring every one who has had experience, know that it is often difficult to understand well characters in a language not our own, particularly in proper names, we may have therefore mistaken the name of "Mons. Chaperon," but such we understand was his name, from the writing.
NORFOLK, February 13.
NORFOLK, February 13.
IMPORTANT MERCANTILE INFORMATION.
IMPORTANT MERCANTILE INFORMATION.
Yesterday arrived here the Brig Augusta, Capt. Davis, from Lisbon, which place he left the 25th of December. Captain D. informs us that on the 19th December, a Decree issued by Bonaparte, arrived at Lisbon, which excited considerable alarm. This Decree declares that Great Britain and her Dependencies are in Blockade, and that any neutral vessel, by stress of weather or other cause, shall enter a French port, and having been in a British port previously, such vessel and cargo shall be confiscated.—Further, that all letters written in the English language, are prohibited from passing through France. When the decree first arrived, a considerable number of American vessels that were freighted for France, were detained, they however failed in a few days. Capt. D. had a translation of the decree, which he unfortunately left in Lisbon, but it will very soon be received, if it has not already arrived in the United States, as Capt. Hilliard of the brig Mary (who failed in company with Capt. Davis), bound to New-York, had a copy of it.
Yesterday arrived here the Brig Augusta, Capt. Davis, from Lisbon, which place he left the 25th of December. Captain D. informs us that on the 19th December, a Decree issued by Bonaparte, arrived at Lisbon, which excited considerable alarm. This Decree declares that Great Britain and her Dependencies are in Blockade, and that any neutral vessel, by stress of weather or other cause, shall enter a French port, and having been in a British port previously, such vessel and cargo shall be confiscated.—Further, that all letters written in the English language, are prohibited from passing through France. When the decree first arrived, a considerable number of American vessels that were freighted for France, were detained, they however failed in a few days. Capt. D. had a translation of the decree, which he unfortunately left in Lisbon, but it will very soon be received, if it has not already arrived in the United States, as Capt. Hilliard of the brig Mary (who failed in company with Capt. Davis), bound to New-York, had a copy of it.
We have no doubt of the truth of Capt. Davis's statement, and look upon it as one of those measures which Bonaparte will pursue against all those nations who will not become his slaves. This country, more than any other, will feel the effect of this decree, and it is against this country that it is chiefly directed. As to Bonaparte's means to enforce the blockade of Great Britain, they are too contemptible to deserve notice. Nevertheless, it will prove injurious, if not ruinous, to the commerce of this country, as it will bring upon it a swarm of pirates, who under the plea of our vessels being bound to a blockaded port, they will be carried into the ports of France, & there condemned. This will force us, as heretofore, to arm in our own defence, and the sooner we do it the better. We remember with pride, the effect which our former armament produced on the insolent and rapacious government of France at that time. It soon found that we were not to be bullied, and then to be sure they set on foot a sort of whining, canting negotiation through their charge-d'affaires, Pichon, in Holland, and so wrought about a formal negotiation, that ended in a treaty.
We have no doubt of the truth of Capt. Davis's statement, and look upon it as one of those measures which Bonaparte will pursue against all those nations who will not become his slaves. This country, more than any other, will feel the effect of this decree, and it is against this country that it is chiefly directed. As to Bonaparte's means to enforce the blockade of Great Britain, they are too contemptible to deserve notice. Nevertheless, it will prove injurious, if not ruinous, to the commerce of this country, as it will bring upon it a swarm of pirates, who under the plea of our vessels being bound to a blockaded port, they will be carried into the ports of France, & there condemned. This will force us, as heretofore, to arm in our own defence, and the sooner we do it the better. We remember with pride, the effect which our former armament produced on the insolent and rapacious government of France at that time. It soon found that we were not to be bullied, and then to be sure they set on foot a sort of whining, canting negotiation through their charge-d'affaires, Pichon, in Holland, and so wrought about a formal negotiation, that ended in a treaty.
When we combine the date that this decree was received at Lisbon, with our recent advices from London, we shall not be surprised that this measure has been taken in consequence in consequence of the termination of our disputes with Great Britain, as that was enough to draw the French Government that we were determined to be independent, a crime which that government will not forgive.
When we combine the date that this decree was received at Lisbon, with our recent advices from London, we shall not be surprised that this measure has been taken in consequence in consequence of the termination of our disputes with Great Britain, as that was enough to draw the French Government that we were determined to be independent, a crime which that government will not forgive.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
The Enquirer.
The Enquirer.
RICHMOND, 17th FEBRUARY.
RICHMOND, 17th FEBRUARY.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
No. II.
No. II.
To WILLIAM DANIEL, Esq.
To WILLIAM DANIEL, Esq.
SIR, But to return again to the resolution, I must beg leave to differ with you in the inference which you have drawn—Although you positively insist that the resolution does censure the minority, I deny that such a deduction can be fairly drawn; it is true that it may be tortured into such an implication, but this is not the fair inference; it ought to be literally understood, and literally disposed of. If in doing this, the minority feel themselves censured, let them understand that this is a consequence which their own conduct has produced; if they feel no censure, none can be bestowed, for the literal language of the resolution does not warrant such a deduction.
SIR, But to return again to the resolution, I must beg leave to differ with you in the inference which you have drawn—Although you positively insist that the resolution does censure the minority, I deny that such a deduction can be fairly drawn; it is true that it may be tortured into such an implication, but this is not the fair inference; it ought to be literally understood, and literally disposed of. If in doing this, the minority feel themselves censured, let them understand that this is a consequence which their own conduct has produced; if they feel no censure, none can be bestowed, for the literal language of the resolution does not warrant such a deduction.
But, Sir, suppose censure on the minority is attached to the resolution, if by voting for it you censure on them. I imagine you will not deny, that by voting against it, you throw the same weight of censure upon the administration; this is a position too clear and strong to be controverted, and it is a point completely at issue between the administration and Mr. R*****. If you vote in favor of one, you, in effect, vote against the other.
But, Sir, suppose censure on the minority is attached to the resolution, if by voting for it you censure on them. I imagine you will not deny, that by voting against it, you throw the same weight of censure upon the administration; this is a position too clear and strong to be controverted, and it is a point completely at issue between the administration and Mr. R*****. If you vote in favor of one, you, in effect, vote against the other.
But probably you will defend yourself by saying you did not vote against the resolution, you only voted for its postponement; this might have afforded you some shelter in weak imaginations if you had given a silent vote, but I shall always consider such a measure in legislative proceedings, as tantamount to a vote against the resolution. You must either be for or against, and you have said positively in your argument that you were not in favor of the resolution. You cannot observe a middle course upon plain questions of this sort, and I therefore set you down as decidedly opposed to it, because you have acknowledged that your heart and your tongue were not attuned to the subject. It follows then, that you have censured the administration and approved the conduct of the minority, at a time too, when you ought to have known that such a course, pursued by you, would, if it had any effect, go to divide the republicans, and at a time, too, when every word, act, and deed of a representative, ought to have been exerted to unite the republican interest. If your penetrating eye had discovered some few errors in the administration, at the time you were "fingering prides" to the minority; I believe very few of your constituents will be willing to acknowledge that the course you adopted in consequence thereof was calculated to promote the general good; so far from it, Sir, expediency, in my estimation, cried aloud for your votes in favor of the administration, and if your instrument was not "attuned to the subject," silence was the greatest mark of your disapprobation to the administration, that the people expected.
But probably you will defend yourself by saying you did not vote against the resolution, you only voted for its postponement; this might have afforded you some shelter in weak imaginations if you had given a silent vote, but I shall always consider such a measure in legislative proceedings, as tantamount to a vote against the resolution. You must either be for or against, and you have said positively in your argument that you were not in favor of the resolution. You cannot observe a middle course upon plain questions of this sort, and I therefore set you down as decidedly opposed to it, because you have acknowledged that your heart and your tongue were not attuned to the subject. It follows then, that you have censured the administration and approved the conduct of the minority, at a time too, when you ought to have known that such a course, pursued by you, would, if it had any effect, go to divide the republicans, and at a time, too, when every word, act, and deed of a representative, ought to have been exerted to unite the republican interest. If your penetrating eye had discovered some few errors in the administration, at the time you were "fingering prides" to the minority; I believe very few of your constituents will be willing to acknowledge that the course you adopted in consequence thereof was calculated to promote the general good; so far from it, Sir, expediency, in my estimation, cried aloud for your votes in favor of the administration, and if your instrument was not "attuned to the subject," silence was the greatest mark of your disapprobation to the administration, that the people expected.
Look at the proceedings which have been had upon this subject by all the republican states in the union since their last legislatures have convened, and I ask you to point out one single instance (the Senate of Virginia only excepted) where either branch have, in the remotest degree, censured the administration? You cannot produce another instance, not even from the journals of a federal state. S. "firm, just and liberal" have been the measures adopted by Mr. Jefferson, since his elevation to the Presidential chair, that he has almost completely restored the people of America to the fraternal affections of each other. The violent party rage which agitated the American mind from Georgia to New-Hampshire, and which, in a measure, convulsed the springs of government, has disappeared, and our internal tranquility once more established, to far at least, as wisdom and virtue in a government, could produce this effect—it is true that a few abandoned characters have been conspiring against the union, but this is not to be imputed to any oppressive measures of the government, but to their own vicious dispositions.
Look at the proceedings which have been had upon this subject by all the republican states in the union since their last legislatures have convened, and I ask you to point out one single instance (the Senate of Virginia only excepted) where either branch have, in the remotest degree, censured the administration? You cannot produce another instance, not even from the journals of a federal state. S. "firm, just and liberal" have been the measures adopted by Mr. Jefferson, since his elevation to the Presidential chair, that he has almost completely restored the people of America to the fraternal affections of each other. The violent party rage which agitated the American mind from Georgia to New-Hampshire, and which, in a measure, convulsed the springs of government, has disappeared, and our internal tranquility once more established, to far at least, as wisdom and virtue in a government, could produce this effect—it is true that a few abandoned characters have been conspiring against the union, but this is not to be imputed to any oppressive measures of the government, but to their own vicious dispositions.
But, Sir, I must not withhold from you the tribute of applause due to your ingenuity in supporting the positions you have laid down; your language, in an abstract point of view, commands my admiration, but when applied to the subject in question, I feel myself constrained to denounce it. You have built upon a rotten foundation, which must tumble, and all your arguments will be buried in its ruins. Your very ingeniously ask if the government of the United States is about to seize upon the rights of the people, I answer no; if this was the case the representatives of the people would rather have introduced a resolution of a different texture; they would have condemned the measures of such a government, rather than approve them, and I am astonished how such a question could present itself to your mind. But, Sir, the people were alarmed at the attempt which they saw in the minority at that time, and they are alarmed at the attempt which they see in you at this, to bring the administration of the general government into disrepute, at the very moment when we are threatened with external and internal dangers, and at the very moment when we ought to be united by the strongest ties of affection.
But, Sir, I must not withhold from you the tribute of applause due to your ingenuity in supporting the positions you have laid down; your language, in an abstract point of view, commands my admiration, but when applied to the subject in question, I feel myself constrained to denounce it. You have built upon a rotten foundation, which must tumble, and all your arguments will be buried in its ruins. Your very ingeniously ask if the government of the United States is about to seize upon the rights of the people, I answer no; if this was the case the representatives of the people would rather have introduced a resolution of a different texture; they would have condemned the measures of such a government, rather than approve them, and I am astonished how such a question could present itself to your mind. But, Sir, the people were alarmed at the attempt which they saw in the minority at that time, and they are alarmed at the attempt which they see in you at this, to bring the administration of the general government into disrepute, at the very moment when we are threatened with external and internal dangers, and at the very moment when we ought to be united by the strongest ties of affection.
Even admitting that the view which you have taken of the administration be a correct one, found policy obviously dictated a course contrary to that which you have pursued. It was inexpedient that the errors of government should be held up to the people at that time, because much more injurious consequences might result therefrom, than by submitting a little longer to those trifling imperfections which are to be found in every human being, and we ought to rejoice that they are so few in the illustrious man who presides over the American Council.—But, Sir, with what astonishment can our filter states view this conduct in the Senate of Virginia? and to what motives are they to attribute it? If they were actuated by an ardent desire to promote the public good, as they surely ought to have been, they have adopted an unfortunate method of discovering it to the people; if this was, in truth, the influence under which they acted, it is to be lamented that such an intention cannot be understood, how their substitute—Our filter states in the union cannot, and will not understand or believe that this substitute was adopted by any assembly that was favourably disposed towards the general government, and if their view was confined to the fate of the resolution in the Senate, they would find ample ground for adopting an opinion unfavourable indeed to the people of Virginia, they would find ample ground for believing that Virginia was about to put her mouth that cup of aristocratical corruption which has hitherto spurned with a dignity and an independence which has commanded the applause of the universe. But, Sir, if they extend their view to the vote of the House of Delegates upon the same resolution, they will at once discover, that such an opinion ought not to be entertained, and although
Even admitting that the view which you have taken of the administration be a correct one, found policy obviously dictated a course contrary to that which you have pursued. It was inexpedient that the errors of government should be held up to the people at that time, because much more injurious consequences might result therefrom, than by submitting a little longer to those trifling imperfections which are to be found in every human being, and we ought to rejoice that they are so few in the illustrious man who presides over the American Council.—But, Sir, with what astonishment can our filter states view this conduct in the Senate of Virginia? and to what motives are they to attribute it? If they were actuated by an ardent desire to promote the public good, as they surely ought to have been, they have adopted an unfortunate method of discovering it to the people; if this was, in truth, the influence under which they acted, it is to be lamented that such an intention cannot be understood, how their substitute—Our filter states in the union cannot, and will not understand or believe that this substitute was adopted by any assembly that was favourably disposed towards the general government, and if their view was confined to the fate of the resolution in the Senate, they would find ample ground for adopting an opinion unfavourable indeed to the people of Virginia, they would find ample ground for believing that Virginia was about to put her mouth that cup of aristocratical corruption which has hitherto spurned with a dignity and an independence which has commanded the applause of the universe. But, Sir, if they extend their view to the vote of the House of Delegates upon the same resolution, they will at once discover, that such an opinion ought not to be entertained, and although
the resolution was lost in the Senate by your vote, I believe it to be true, that that vote, will be supported but by a small minority in Virginia. It must be admitted then, that in bringing into the view of the Senate, the conduct of the general government, you could have had but one object, and that object seems to be, to withdraw therefrom, the affections of the people; certainly, Sir, the language you have used, whatever might have been your intention, is calculated to have no other effect, and if this effect was produced, our lives, our liberties, and our country would become seriously endangered, and federalism might once more rear its head upon the ruins of Republicanism.
the resolution was lost in the Senate by your vote, I believe it to be true, that that vote, will be supported but by a small minority in Virginia. It must be admitted then, that in bringing into the view of the Senate, the conduct of the general government, you could have had but one object, and that object seems to be, to withdraw therefrom, the affections of the people; certainly, Sir, the language you have used, whatever might have been your intention, is calculated to have no other effect, and if this effect was produced, our lives, our liberties, and our country would become seriously endangered, and federalism might once more rear its head upon the ruins of Republicanism.
I am far from charging you, Sir, with any serious design to weaken the republican interest, but I must be indulged with the opinion that the course you have adopted is well calculated to produce that fatal consequence.
I am far from charging you, Sir, with any serious design to weaken the republican interest, but I must be indulged with the opinion that the course you have adopted is well calculated to produce that fatal consequence.
I have not attempted, Sir, to follow you through all your argument, if I were to do that, and give to every part the reply which it merits, a newspaper would contain but a small portion of this address; but I cannot take my leave of you without noticing one of your assertions which seems to be founded in the grossest error, and which ought to be explained to the people in order to do away the impression which you have endeavored to make upon the public mind. Speaking of our Spanish affairs you say that the knowing ones very unjustifiably understood the President's message of the 6th Dec. into a demand of two millions of dollars, and that this sum has been given to Spain for the purpose of buying her friendship.—If this is not, verbatim, your language, it is certainly the marrow of it. Now, Sir, I shall attempt to show that the majority or knowing ones of Congress, gave a very proper construction to the message of the President, and that the two millions of dollars have not been appropriated in the way you have stated.—In order to do this, it will be necessary to quote some part of the message alluded to.—After explaining the situation in which America and Spain stood towards each other, Mr. Jefferson says: "Formal war is not necessary, it is not probable that it will follow, but the protection of our citizens, the spirit and honor of our country require, that force should be interposed to a certain degree. It will probably contribute to advance the object of peace. But the course to be pursued will require the command of means, which it belongs to Congress exclusively to yield or deny. To them I communicate every fact, material for their information, and the documents necessary to enable them to judge for themselves. To their wisdom, then, I look for the course I am to pursue, and will pursue, with sincere zeal that which they shall approve."
I have not attempted, Sir, to follow you through all your argument, if I were to do that, and give to every part the reply which it merits, a newspaper would contain but a small portion of this address; but I cannot take my leave of you without noticing one of your assertions which seems to be founded in the grossest error, and which ought to be explained to the people in order to do away the impression which you have endeavored to make upon the public mind. Speaking of our Spanish affairs you say that the knowing ones very unjustifiably understood the President's message of the 6th Dec. into a demand of two millions of dollars, and that this sum has been given to Spain for the purpose of buying her friendship.—If this is not, verbatim, your language, it is certainly the marrow of it. Now, Sir, I shall attempt to show that the majority or knowing ones of Congress, gave a very proper construction to the message of the President, and that the two millions of dollars have not been appropriated in the way you have stated.—In order to do this, it will be necessary to quote some part of the message alluded to.—After explaining the situation in which America and Spain stood towards each other, Mr. Jefferson says: "Formal war is not necessary, it is not probable that it will follow, but the protection of our citizens, the spirit and honor of our country require, that force should be interposed to a certain degree. It will probably contribute to advance the object of peace. But the course to be pursued will require the command of means, which it belongs to Congress exclusively to yield or deny. To them I communicate every fact, material for their information, and the documents necessary to enable them to judge for themselves. To their wisdom, then, I look for the course I am to pursue, and will pursue, with sincere zeal that which they shall approve."
Now, Sir, what are the means, and the facts and the documents, here alluded to—Why Mr. J. had received dispatches from our Ministers, which, altho' (from the very nature of government) he could not publish to the world, yet he laid them fully before Congress for their consideration. These are the documents alluded to by Mr. J. and one of the facts contained in these, is that it might probably be expedient to purchase the Floridas; and the means therein recommended for that purpose are two millions of dollars.—Our minister recommends this mode of procedure, because much difficulty was found to exist in defining the boundary line between our government and his Catholic Majesty, and because it would most likely prevent the dreadful consequences of a war. Mr. J. does not recapitulate the remarks used in the dispatches, because they are before Congress for their perusal; he very properly refers them to the documents (meaning the dispatches) and says, "to you, gentlemen, I look for the course I am to pursue." If you say we ought to give 2,000,000 of dollars, for the Floridas, vote the appropriation, and I will use my exertions to effect the object; but in the mean time, as the Spanish government seems to be disposed to trespass upon our territory, and as some time will be taken up in negotiation, I would advise that "force should be interposed to a certain degree," not for the purpose of making formal war, but merely for the purpose of protecting our citizens until the negotiation was ended. This, Sir, is obviously the meaning which the President meant to convey, and the majority gave to his language the proper construction.
Now, Sir, what are the means, and the facts and the documents, here alluded to—Why Mr. J. had received dispatches from our Ministers, which, altho' (from the very nature of government) he could not publish to the world, yet he laid them fully before Congress for their consideration. These are the documents alluded to by Mr. J. and one of the facts contained in these, is that it might probably be expedient to purchase the Floridas; and the means therein recommended for that purpose are two millions of dollars.—Our minister recommends this mode of procedure, because much difficulty was found to exist in defining the boundary line between our government and his Catholic Majesty, and because it would most likely prevent the dreadful consequences of a war. Mr. J. does not recapitulate the remarks used in the dispatches, because they are before Congress for their perusal; he very properly refers them to the documents (meaning the dispatches) and says, "to you, gentlemen, I look for the course I am to pursue." If you say we ought to give 2,000,000 of dollars, for the Floridas, vote the appropriation, and I will use my exertions to effect the object; but in the mean time, as the Spanish government seems to be disposed to trespass upon our territory, and as some time will be taken up in negotiation, I would advise that "force should be interposed to a certain degree," not for the purpose of making formal war, but merely for the purpose of protecting our citizens until the negotiation was ended. This, Sir, is obviously the meaning which the President meant to convey, and the majority gave to his language the proper construction.
But, Sir, you would have the people believe that although we should be unable to purchase the Floridas, the 2,000,000 of dollars are lost to the government; thereby inducing the people to believe, that the government was sporting away their money, and giving it to Spain in order to prevent her from repeating her insults towards us. Surely you ought to know, that if our negotiation for the Floridas should fail, our minister will honestly account to the government for the money he received; and surely if you have confidence in our minister, and our government, you ought not to have used the language which you have done upon this occasion. I lament, Sir, that I have had cause to pen this address, I with indeed, that the subject could have rested in oblivion, and for me, it might have reposed in eternal slumber; but for motives, unknown to me, you have again bro't it before the public, and with the same independence which you delivered your sentiments to the Senate, I now deliver mine to the people. I am, Sir, with respect, &c. A Freeholder of Amelia.
But, Sir, you would have the people believe that although we should be unable to purchase the Floridas, the 2,000,000 of dollars are lost to the government; thereby inducing the people to believe, that the government was sporting away their money, and giving it to Spain in order to prevent her from repeating her insults towards us. Surely you ought to know, that if our negotiation for the Floridas should fail, our minister will honestly account to the government for the money he received; and surely if you have confidence in our minister, and our government, you ought not to have used the language which you have done upon this occasion. I lament, Sir, that I have had cause to pen this address, I with indeed, that the subject could have rested in oblivion, and for me, it might have reposed in eternal slumber; but for motives, unknown to me, you have again bro't it before the public, and with the same independence which you delivered your sentiments to the Senate, I now deliver mine to the people. I am, Sir, with respect, &c. A Freeholder of Amelia.
COMMUNICATION.
COMMUNICATION.
COMMONWEALTH vs. NASH.
COMMONWEALTH vs. NASH.
On Tuesday last the 10th of the present month, Wm. Nash was brought to the bar of the Hustings court and tried for the murder of John McCredie. The doom of the unfortunate man was announced in the last Tuesday's Enquirer.
On Tuesday last the 10th of the present month, Wm. Nash was brought to the bar of the Hustings court and tried for the murder of John McCredie. The doom of the unfortunate man was announced in the last Tuesday's Enquirer.
The following is a brief sketch of the evidence adduced upon that occasion. It was proved by the officers of the garrison that they never had received any general orders from their captain; that the letter of the Executive had never been read to them, and that for the vague knowledge of their duties, they were indebted to accident and tradition from those who had been earlier enlisted in the garrison. Most of the corporals and private men of this corps who were examined, considered it their duty when at the post of a sentinel, to kill the person hailed unless answered the third time. It was also proved that the same orders were repeated to the centinels the morning after this tragic event, and that the captain has been since heard to say, that Nash acted in strict compliance with his duty although these orders have been since commanded. It appeared in evidence, that several instances had occurred of prisoners being fired at, with intention to kill, because they returned no answer.
The following is a brief sketch of the evidence adduced upon that occasion. It was proved by the officers of the garrison that they never had received any general orders from their captain; that the letter of the Executive had never been read to them, and that for the vague knowledge of their duties, they were indebted to accident and tradition from those who had been earlier enlisted in the garrison. Most of the corporals and private men of this corps who were examined, considered it their duty when at the post of a sentinel, to kill the person hailed unless answered the third time. It was also proved that the same orders were repeated to the centinels the morning after this tragic event, and that the captain has been since heard to say, that Nash acted in strict compliance with his duty although these orders have been since commanded. It appeared in evidence, that several instances had occurred of prisoners being fired at, with intention to kill, because they returned no answer.
In one instance the individual was peacably returning to his father's house upon the Capitol square; a complaint was made the next day, but the captain instead of admonishing the either and informing him of his duties, enhanced an encomium upon his conduct or promoted him for his vigilance and valour. What mind can reflect upon this evidence and the nature of this institution without disgust, and astonishment that our Rectors have not
In one instance the individual was peacably returning to his father's house upon the Capitol square; a complaint was made the next day, but the captain instead of admonishing the either and informing him of his duties, enhanced an encomium upon his conduct or promoted him for his vigilance and valour. What mind can reflect upon this evidence and the nature of this institution without disgust, and astonishment that our Rectors have not
been more frequently stained with the blood of innocence. An armed troop of "tattered prodigals" worshipping and obeying a livered Panchinella, and banqueting in murder with a conscience calmed and sweetened with a belief that they act according to the fiat of a superior, which it would be punishable to doubt and mutiny to disobey. Are we not naturally transported from the peace and security of our country, into the field of savage war and "embattled plain where death exults and claps his raven wings."
been more frequently stained with the blood of innocence. An armed troop of "tattered prodigals" worshipping and obeying a livered Panchinella, and banqueting in murder with a conscience calmed and sweetened with a belief that they act according to the fiat of a superior, which it would be punishable to doubt and mutiny to disobey. Are we not naturally transported from the peace and security of our country, into the field of savage war and "embattled plain where death exults and claps his raven wings."
In vain may we boast of the blessings of a free government, the peaceful security of our citizens, if the artificers of death are to be quartered upon us under the appellation of a guard which like the fable of the Syrens allure unto destruction. How much is it to be regretted that the last legislature did not abolish this ludicrous parade of mockery, or if there is a necessity for military defence, that they did not organise some establishment less harmful in itself and more adequate for the purpose of defence.
In vain may we boast of the blessings of a free government, the peaceful security of our citizens, if the artificers of death are to be quartered upon us under the appellation of a guard which like the fable of the Syrens allure unto destruction. How much is it to be regretted that the last legislature did not abolish this ludicrous parade of mockery, or if there is a necessity for military defence, that they did not organise some establishment less harmful in itself and more adequate for the purpose of defence.
Is there any citizen who can say that he has felt more secure in consequence of this guard, but on the contrary, ought we not to believe from the pitifulness of their office, that they would sooner league with insurrection than oppose it. The very people against whom this scheme was designed to act, laugh at the guard as an object of ridicule, & boast of being able to bribe them with the least consideration. Thus instead of safety it is more likely to recoil with increased strength upon its maker, instead of intimidating and chasing the thought from their minds, it acts more as a memento and a simulus . For I believe there is no principle in metaphysics more correct than that the human mind becomes more fretful with anxiety, and more astute in ingenuity, in proportion as it is reminded of the object it desires. What then, must be the feelings of these people as they pass this defenceless band of "revolted tapsters and beggared idlers," "the cankers of a calm world and a long peace." Is it not naturally calculated to rouse thoughts and sensations, which otherwise would sleep in quiet and forgetfulness. It displays to the victim the instrument of oppression, whilst he laughs in bis flevae at being able to bend it to his own use. Such is the invincible phalanx that guards with double security, the metropolis of Virginia the repository of our fucus our arsenal and area . This can alone be the source from whence this "air drawn dagger" is to be apprehended from unlettered men, who are trammeled in slavery, promiscuously scattered through the country, and destitute of all efficient means of pernicious operation.
Is there any citizen who can say that he has felt more secure in consequence of this guard, but on the contrary, ought we not to believe from the pitifulness of their office, that they would sooner league with insurrection than oppose it. The very people against whom this scheme was designed to act, laugh at the guard as an object of ridicule, & boast of being able to bribe them with the least consideration. Thus instead of safety it is more likely to recoil with increased strength upon its maker, instead of intimidating and chasing the thought from their minds, it acts more as a memento and a simulus . For I believe there is no principle in metaphysics more correct than that the human mind becomes more fretful with anxiety, and more astute in ingenuity, in proportion as it is reminded of the object it desires. What then, must be the feelings of these people as they pass this defenceless band of "revolted tapsters and beggared idlers," "the cankers of a calm world and a long peace." Is it not naturally calculated to rouse thoughts and sensations, which otherwise would sleep in quiet and forgetfulness. It displays to the victim the instrument of oppression, whilst he laughs in bis flevae at being able to bend it to his own use. Such is the invincible phalanx that guards with double security, the metropolis of Virginia the repository of our fucus our arsenal and area . This can alone be the source from whence this "air drawn dagger" is to be apprehended from unlettered men, who are trammeled in slavery, promiscuously scattered through the country, and destitute of all efficient means of pernicious operation.
Is there any thinking mind under circumstances like these, if any hostile design was meditated, but knows that the necessary flow attending it would afford timely notice for defence. The only ground upon which this garrison of troops can be supported, must be a belief that they are capable of conducting their powers with secrecy and dispatch; if so, why do we merely prepare to "tickle with a feather, when we might knock down with a club," why do they lead us to fear danger without a different provision than this handful of blue coated buffoons. If there ought to be a garrison of troops let it be established upon a respectable footing, that respectable men might engage, and let it be commanded by a native citizen, who although he may not boast of knowledge in the "deep column and lengthened line," yet might possess firmness and patriotism enough to protect ourselves and oppose our enemies.
Is there any thinking mind under circumstances like these, if any hostile design was meditated, but knows that the necessary flow attending it would afford timely notice for defence. The only ground upon which this garrison of troops can be supported, must be a belief that they are capable of conducting their powers with secrecy and dispatch; if so, why do we merely prepare to "tickle with a feather, when we might knock down with a club," why do they lead us to fear danger without a different provision than this handful of blue coated buffoons. If there ought to be a garrison of troops let it be established upon a respectable footing, that respectable men might engage, and let it be commanded by a native citizen, who although he may not boast of knowledge in the "deep column and lengthened line," yet might possess firmness and patriotism enough to protect ourselves and oppose our enemies.
If no change is to be made, let these men in the name of Heaven return to their peaceful habitations and follow their ordinary pursuits; let them assist commerce and agriculture by directing their hand to the plough and the ear. This subject has been more amply and impressively imprinted upon the public mind in a preceding paper, but it is one that should be rung in their ears until the crying death of a citizen is atoned and the dire disease removed. If we pass such awful and affecting incidents as these without murmur, we may prepare to make our eyes familiar to us the carnage, and to listen, without feeling, to the fate of our citizens torn immature from the meridian joys of life.
If no change is to be made, let these men in the name of Heaven return to their peaceful habitations and follow their ordinary pursuits; let them assist commerce and agriculture by directing their hand to the plough and the ear. This subject has been more amply and impressively imprinted upon the public mind in a preceding paper, but it is one that should be rung in their ears until the crying death of a citizen is atoned and the dire disease removed. If we pass such awful and affecting incidents as these without murmur, we may prepare to make our eyes familiar to us the carnage, and to listen, without feeling, to the fate of our citizens torn immature from the meridian joys of life.
Last Evening's Mail.
Last Evening's Mail.
NEW-YORK, Feb. 8. The brig Emmeline, capt. Stowell, arrived at Sunday Hook on Saturday in the remarkably short passage of 32 days from Bordeaux. Capt. Stowell sent up his newspapers, shipping list, &c. by the pilot-boat Patriot; and the Editor of the MERCANTILE ADVERTISER has the pleasure of laying before his readers Paris dates to the 27th of Dec. London news to the 18th of that month, and intelligence from the Grand Army to the 15th, inclusive. The only interesting information we have received is contained in the 29th Bulletin. We have translated that and the 40th. The intermediate and the succeeding ones will be given in due course. The head quarters of the French Grand Army on the 15th were at Posen. No action had taken place between them and the Prussians or Russians from the time Bonaparte entered Berlin. The French took possession, without any opposition, of all the fortified places between Berlin and Posen.
NEW-YORK, Feb. 8. The brig Emmeline, capt. Stowell, arrived at Sunday Hook on Saturday in the remarkably short passage of 32 days from Bordeaux. Capt. Stowell sent up his newspapers, shipping list, &c. by the pilot-boat Patriot; and the Editor of the MERCANTILE ADVERTISER has the pleasure of laying before his readers Paris dates to the 27th of Dec. London news to the 18th of that month, and intelligence from the Grand Army to the 15th, inclusive. The only interesting information we have received is contained in the 29th Bulletin. We have translated that and the 40th. The intermediate and the succeeding ones will be given in due course. The head quarters of the French Grand Army on the 15th were at Posen. No action had taken place between them and the Prussians or Russians from the time Bonaparte entered Berlin. The French took possession, without any opposition, of all the fortified places between Berlin and Posen.
The Russians and French had not come into contact.—The former had declared war against the Ottoman Porte, and had left the King of Prussia to his fate.—Our last accounts represent him to be at Koningsberg, verging rapidly toward the situation to which the French Emperor wished to reduce him.
The Russians and French had not come into contact.—The former had declared war against the Ottoman Porte, and had left the King of Prussia to his fate.—Our last accounts represent him to be at Koningsberg, verging rapidly toward the situation to which the French Emperor wished to reduce him.
ENGLAND.
ENGLAND.
LONDON, Dec. 15. On Saturday the following rear-admirals of the red were promoted to the rank of vice-admirals of the blue.—
LONDON, Dec. 15. On Saturday the following rear-admirals of the red were promoted to the rank of vice-admirals of the blue.—
James Kempenfhone, Esq.; Arthur Philip, Esq.; S. Edwards, Esq.; Sir G. W. Fairfax, Knt.; George Campbell, Esq.; Sir James Saumarez, Henry Frankland, Esq.; Sir James Saumarez is to hoist his flag in the Channel Fleet, under Lord St. Vincent, in the room of Sir Charles Cotton, who, it is said, is to succeed Sir Erasmus Gower in the command at Newfoundland. We have not heard who is to succeed Sir James Saumarez, in his command at Guernsey and Jersey. The king's speech was finally settled, and read to his majesty by Lord Grenville, on Wednesday last.
James Kempenfhone, Esq.; Arthur Philip, Esq.; S. Edwards, Esq.; Sir G. W. Fairfax, Knt.; George Campbell, Esq.; Sir James Saumarez, Henry Frankland, Esq.; Sir James Saumarez is to hoist his flag in the Channel Fleet, under Lord St. Vincent, in the room of Sir Charles Cotton, who, it is said, is to succeed Sir Erasmus Gower in the command at Newfoundland. We have not heard who is to succeed Sir James Saumarez, in his command at Guernsey and Jersey. The king's speech was finally settled, and read to his majesty by Lord Grenville, on Wednesday last.
December 16.
December 16.
House of Lords, Monday Dec. 16.—The Lord Chancellor informed the Lords assembled, that it was not in his majesty's power, for several reasons, to be present at the meeting of Parliament, but that his majesty would, on a convenient day, state his reasons to Parliament for having called them together at this time. Eight thousand men, all picked soldiers, are expected to proceed in three detachments on Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday next, to Paddington, in the vicinity of London, to be conveyed by the canal to Liverpool.—The passage will take about 8 days, after which they will be sent with all expedition to Dublin.
House of Lords, Monday Dec. 16.—The Lord Chancellor informed the Lords assembled, that it was not in his majesty's power, for several reasons, to be present at the meeting of Parliament, but that his majesty would, on a convenient day, state his reasons to Parliament for having called them together at this time. Eight thousand men, all picked soldiers, are expected to proceed in three detachments on Tuesday, Friday, and Saturday next, to Paddington, in the vicinity of London, to be conveyed by the canal to Liverpool.—The passage will take about 8 days, after which they will be sent with all expedition to Dublin.
17th. Five of the largest transports in General Crawford's expedition, have been driven into Ithacom's, and 1000 of the men have been marched to Barnstable.
17th. Five of the largest transports in General Crawford's expedition, have been driven into Ithacom's, and 1000 of the men have been marched to Barnstable.
In consequence of a new regulation in the Alien Department, brought forward by Earl Spencer, all strangers, before they embark for G. B. must obtain a passport from the British Resident in the country from which they are about to depart, and this document, on their arrival, must be countersigned by the Minister from that country residing here. In cases of neglect, of which due notice is immediately to be given to the Secretary of State for the Foreign Department, those who have not such a testimonial to produce will be considered as objects of suspicion, and will of course, not be permitted to continue in the country.
In consequence of a new regulation in the Alien Department, brought forward by Earl Spencer, all strangers, before they embark for G. B. must obtain a passport from the British Resident in the country from which they are about to depart, and this document, on their arrival, must be countersigned by the Minister from that country residing here. In cases of neglect, of which due notice is immediately to be given to the Secretary of State for the Foreign Department, those who have not such a testimonial to produce will be considered as objects of suspicion, and will of course, not be permitted to continue in the country.
The Dantzig, Rosindale, which arrived at Hull on Friday afternoon, left the Sound on Tuesday ten o'clock. The English ships at Dantzick has all got out, ready to put to sea, in case the French reached that place. It is said they were in possession both of it and Thorn. At St. Peterburgh the Exchange with this country had fallen very greatly.
The Dantzig, Rosindale, which arrived at Hull on Friday afternoon, left the Sound on Tuesday ten o'clock. The English ships at Dantzick has all got out, ready to put to sea, in case the French reached that place. It is said they were in possession both of it and Thorn. At St. Peterburgh the Exchange with this country had fallen very greatly.
GERMANY.
GERMANY.
FRANKFORT, Dec. 15.
FRANKFORT, Dec. 15.
Letters from Sweden in Sweden, announce that the Swedish army has received orders to hold itself in readiness to march; reinforcements have already set off from Istadt for the garrison of Straalsund.
Letters from Sweden in Sweden, announce that the Swedish army has received orders to hold itself in readiness to march; reinforcements have already set off from Istadt for the garrison of Straalsund.
18th.—The deputies from the kingdom of Italy arrived at Munich on the 10th inst. They are going to the imperial head quarters to compliment the Emperor, in the name of the Italian nation, upon his new victories.
18th.—The deputies from the kingdom of Italy arrived at Munich on the 10th inst. They are going to the imperial head quarters to compliment the Emperor, in the name of the Italian nation, upon his new victories.
They write from Vienna that the French ambassador, Gen. Andreossi, continues to have frequent conferences with the secretary of State, Count de Stadion. It is thought in that capital, that objects of the highest importance are negotiating between the two courts. 19th.—All the intelligence from Hungary agrees in stating, that peace has been definitively signed between the Porte and Servians. It adds that Count Cserni Georges, to whom has been granted the title of Prince of Servia, is to march into Moldavia with 40,000 men; in order to join the army which the Grand Seigneur has assembled in that Province, to oppose the Russians.
They write from Vienna that the French ambassador, Gen. Andreossi, continues to have frequent conferences with the secretary of State, Count de Stadion. It is thought in that capital, that objects of the highest importance are negotiating between the two courts. 19th.—All the intelligence from Hungary agrees in stating, that peace has been definitively signed between the Porte and Servians. It adds that Count Cserni Georges, to whom has been granted the title of Prince of Servia, is to march into Moldavia with 40,000 men; in order to join the army which the Grand Seigneur has assembled in that Province, to oppose the Russians.
HAMBURGH, Dec. 12.
HAMBURGH, Dec. 12.
The head quarters of Marshal Mortier were still at Anclam, on the frontiers of Swedish Pomerania, on the 7th inst. His corps of the army was reinforced daily with new troops. They are for the most part Dutch regiments. On the 9th a heavy cannonading was heard in the neighborhood of Lauenburg.
The head quarters of Marshal Mortier were still at Anclam, on the frontiers of Swedish Pomerania, on the 7th inst. His corps of the army was reinforced daily with new troops. They are for the most part Dutch regiments. On the 9th a heavy cannonading was heard in the neighborhood of Lauenburg.
The Dutch troops have taken possession, in the name of the king of Holland, of the dukedoms of Oldenburg and Delwolshoff, as also of the Lordships of Varel and Kniphausen.
The Dutch troops have taken possession, in the name of the king of Holland, of the dukedoms of Oldenburg and Delwolshoff, as also of the Lordships of Varel and Kniphausen.
The executive Commission of the County of Hanover, published on the 9th as follows:
The executive Commission of the County of Hanover, published on the 9th as follows:
"By order of his excellency Marshal Mortier, all commerce and every other intercourse between this country and England, are rigorously prohibited. It is besides severely forbidden to the inhabitants to send or expedite to England any letter, package, &c."
"By order of his excellency Marshal Mortier, all commerce and every other intercourse between this country and England, are rigorously prohibited. It is besides severely forbidden to the inhabitants to send or expedite to England any letter, package, &c."
PRUSSIA.
PRUSSIA.
Berlin, 8 December.
Berlin, 8 December.
A Courier of the Emperor passed this night thro' Berlin with dispatches for Mentz; he has announced that the advanced guard of the French army extended already as far as the frontiers of Russian Poland.
A Courier of the Emperor passed this night thro' Berlin with dispatches for Mentz; he has announced that the advanced guard of the French army extended already as far as the frontiers of Russian Poland.
Though the Elector of Saxony arrived too late in Berlin to be presented to his Majesty the Emperor. It is rumoured in this city that Saxony was called to high definitions, and that the present Elector would assume the title granted to several of the princes forming the confederation of the Rhine.
Though the Elector of Saxony arrived too late in Berlin to be presented to his Majesty the Emperor. It is rumoured in this city that Saxony was called to high definitions, and that the present Elector would assume the title granted to several of the princes forming the confederation of the Rhine.
FRANCE.
FRANCE.
Paris, 22 December.
Paris, 22 December.
The Imperial Decree which declares the British Islands in a state of blockade was published at Milan on the 19th inst. to this publication was appended a decree of H. I. H. the Prince Vice-Roy, to inform the execution of this grand measure throughout the Kingdom of Italy.
The Imperial Decree which declares the British Islands in a state of blockade was published at Milan on the 19th inst. to this publication was appended a decree of H. I. H. the Prince Vice-Roy, to inform the execution of this grand measure throughout the Kingdom of Italy.
That voice, among other dispositions orders every individual who may have goods accruing from the manufacture of England or her colonies; and also every depositor of real or personal estate or debts belonging to British subjects to declare the same within 48 hours.
That voice, among other dispositions orders every individual who may have goods accruing from the manufacture of England or her colonies; and also every depositor of real or personal estate or debts belonging to British subjects to declare the same within 48 hours.
It is asserted that His Majesty, wishing to give to the King of Spain a proof of his friendship and desires also to see the Spanish army on a respectable footing, which may enable it to co-operate towards the common advantage has not only authorized the recruiting or Spain, of 25,000 men to be taken from amongst the Prussian prisoners, but has consented that 25,000 men more shall be put at the disposal of the Government of Madrid, with the sole condition that the Prussian prisoners, amongst whom they shall be chosen, shall be freely enlisted and can only be employed in the military service.
It is asserted that His Majesty, wishing to give to the King of Spain a proof of his friendship and desires also to see the Spanish army on a respectable footing, which may enable it to co-operate towards the common advantage has not only authorized the recruiting or Spain, of 25,000 men to be taken from amongst the Prussian prisoners, but has consented that 25,000 men more shall be put at the disposal of the Government of Madrid, with the sole condition that the Prussian prisoners, amongst whom they shall be chosen, shall be freely enlisted and can only be employed in the military service.
FRENCH GRAND ARMY.
FRENCH GRAND ARMY.
THIRTY-NINTH BULLETIN.
THIRTY-NINTH BULLETIN.
Posen, December 7, 1806.
Posen, December 7, 1806.
General Savary, after having taken possession of Hameln, proceeded to Nienbourg. The governor hesitated to surrender. General Savary entered the place, and after several conferences he concluded the articles of capitulation.
General Savary, after having taken possession of Hameln, proceeded to Nienbourg. The governor hesitated to surrender. General Savary entered the place, and after several conferences he concluded the articles of capitulation.
A courier has just arrived with the news that the Emperor of Russia has declared war against the Porte; that Choczin and Bender are surrounded by his troops; that they have passed the Dniester and posted themselves from that to Jassy. General Michelson commands the Russian army in Wallachia.
A courier has just arrived with the news that the Emperor of Russia has declared war against the Porte; that Choczin and Bender are surrounded by his troops; that they have passed the Dniester and posted themselves from that to Jassy. General Michelson commands the Russian army in Wallachia.
The Prussian army, commanded by Gen. Benissen, has evacuated the Vistula, which Marshal Davoust has passed and established his head quarters before Prague; his advanced posts are on the Bug. The grand duke of Berg continues at Warsaw. The Emperor's head quarters are still at Posen.
The Prussian army, commanded by Gen. Benissen, has evacuated the Vistula, which Marshal Davoust has passed and established his head quarters before Prague; his advanced posts are on the Bug. The grand duke of Berg continues at Warsaw. The Emperor's head quarters are still at Posen.
FORTEITH BULLETIN.
FORTEITH BULLETIN.
Posen, 9th December.
Posen, 9th December.
Marshal Ney has crossed the Vistula, and entered Thorn on the 6th. He bestows particular praise on col. Savary, who at the head of the 4th regiment of infantry, with the grenadiers and voltigeurs of the 96th and the 6th light infantry, crossed the Vistula the first. He had an engagement at Thorn with the Prussians, whom he forced, after a slight battle to evacuate the town. He killed some of their men, and took twenty prisoners.
Marshal Ney has crossed the Vistula, and entered Thorn on the 6th. He bestows particular praise on col. Savary, who at the head of the 4th regiment of infantry, with the grenadiers and voltigeurs of the 96th and the 6th light infantry, crossed the Vistula the first. He had an engagement at Thorn with the Prussians, whom he forced, after a slight battle to evacuate the town. He killed some of their men, and took twenty prisoners.
This affair exhibits a remarkable trait. The river, 400 fathoms across, was covered with floating ice; the boat which carried our advanced guard, being stopped by the ice, could not advance on the opposite bank, some Polish boatmen rushed forward under a shower of balls to clear the boat. The Prussian boatmen attempted to oppose them, upon which a fusillade with fire ensued. The Polish boatmen threw the Prussians into the water, and piloted our boats to the right bank. The Emperor has enquired the names of these brave men for the purpose of rewarding them. The Emperor received to-day the following:—Wistaw, confiding of Messrs. Garokowski, Grand Chamberlain of Lithuania, Knight of the Orders of Poland; Goizewski, Lieut. Gen. Knight of the Orders of Poland; Lubieniewski, Knight of the Orders of Poland; Alexander Porocki; Rzemkowski, Knight of the order of St. Stanislaus; Luszewski.
This affair exhibits a remarkable trait. The river, 400 fathoms across, was covered with floating ice; the boat which carried our advanced guard, being stopped by the ice, could not advance on the opposite bank, some Polish boatmen rushed forward under a shower of balls to clear the boat. The Prussian boatmen attempted to oppose them, upon which a fusillade with fire ensued. The Polish boatmen threw the Prussians into the water, and piloted our boats to the right bank. The Emperor has enquired the names of these brave men for the purpose of rewarding them. The Emperor received to-day the following:—Wistaw, confiding of Messrs. Garokowski, Grand Chamberlain of Lithuania, Knight of the Orders of Poland; Goizewski, Lieut. Gen. Knight of the Orders of Poland; Lubieniewski, Knight of the Orders of Poland; Alexander Porocki; Rzemkowski, Knight of the order of St. Stanislaus; Luszewski.

Congress.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
MONDAY, Feb. 5.
KNOXVILLE, Jan. 21.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Gallatin, (Tenn.) to his friend in this town, dated January 16, 1807.
"The people of Sumner and the adjoining counties are volunteering fast to pursue Burr, and stop him in his career if possible. Captain Bradley, and captain B. Martin have both enlisted full companies and are ready to set out at a moment's warning."
NEW-ORLEANS, Jan. 8.
Yesterday the Battalion of Orleans volunteers were paraded in front of the Military Barracks, where Gen. Wilkinson attended, and took the oath of allegiance, which was afterwards administered to the officers and privates. The general addressed the officers at considerable length, and declared the whole Battalion to be under military law.
The 1st, 2nd, and part of the 4th regiments of militia were at the same time reviewed by the governor, who also took the like oath, and administered it to the officers of these regiments.
Yesterday about 3 o'clock the U. S. fchr. Revenge, lieut. Read, exchanged a salute with Fort St. Charles, and sailed up the river to join the squadron which is stationed at Point Coupee.
From our Gazette Extra of Tuesday.
This day, about 1 o'clock, the aid-de-camp of gen. Wilkinson, read the following in the Coffee House, and had it polled on the books:
GEN. WILKINSON regrets that it is not in his power, from a pressure of public interests, which imperiously commands his attention, to be at the Coffee House as he intended this day.
He therefore takes this mode of warning the merchants and ship owners to hold their vessels in readiness to haul off into the stream, should it be found necessary, at the shortest notice. But he begs that this may be considered merely as a salutary precaution, not that he believes Col. Burr is at Natchez, or that he will ever reach this city under his own volition; and he warns the citizens not to respect the rumours in circulation, because the general by a letter from Col. Burr's own hand, written to Dr. Bollman, is authorised to say that the colonel's utmost calculation of force did not exceed 6000 men, and that he would, in person precede the main body with about 2000 men to Natchez, where he intended to halt.
The faithful citizens may be assured that with moderate exertions only, and the decisive expulsion of traitors, the form will burst over the heads of its authors, and hurl them head-long to perdition, whilst the inhabitants of this city shall dwell in security.
COLONEL BURR.
By a gentleman who passed through this place a few days ago, & upon whose authority we can rely, we were informed that the evening before his departure from Pittsburg, he read a letter from a Dr. M'Gruer, dated at Col. Burr's encampment near the mouth of Cumberland, the 24th of January. The Dr. stated "that their party was five hundred strong; that they all were in fine spirits; that Col. Burr had just explained the purpose of his expedition, with which they appeared highly satisfied; that a promise of secrecy had been imposed upon them; but that he could assure his friends so far from the intentions of Col. Burr being inimical to the United States, that his project, if accomplished, would not only be beneficial to the union but all concerned."
We have been favored with an account of the nature of the expedition which Col. Burr is said to have explained to some of his party. It perhaps may be thought improper that we should give it to the public, as its publicity may render the plan abortive, which all must confess is not only a legal one, but highly advantageous to this country. The state of the public mind, however, is at present so exasperated against Col. Burr, that we deem it proper, let the consequences be what they may, to reveal it. Col. Burr is said to be employed by the court of Spain, to remove the whole of the Spanish treasury at Vera Cruz in Mexico, which is estimated at one hundred and fifty million of dollars, to the United States, there to be kept at the disposal of his Catholic majesty until Europe be restored to its original state of tranquility.
Since writing the article in the first page headed colonel Burr, we have been informed on good authority, that the marquis Yrujo, has made a communication to a public officer of the American government, to the same purpose; that he and Col. Burr planned the scheme about two years ago; and that it was afterwards approved of by the court of Madrid. It is also said, that Mr. Merry was informed of it by colonel Burr; and that he should have given his assurances, that none of the British cruisers would molest the expedition, but on the contrary afford their assistance to the armament.
In the event of the expedition succeeding, it is supposed an immediate coalition will be formed between Great Britain and Spain, against the emperor Napoleon. What the consequences may be of such an immense treasure being deposited in the U. S. we shall not attempt to speculate; but we think the effects produced, will not be of the lightest nature.
MESSAGE,
From the President of the United States, transmitting further information touching an illegal combination of private individuals against the peace and safety of the Union, and a military expedition planned by them against the territories of a power in amity with the U. S.
February 10, 1807. Ordered to lie on the table.
To the Senate and House of Representatives of the U. States.
I communicate for the information of Congress, a letter from Cowley Meade, secretary of the Mississippi territory, to the secretary at war, by which it will be seen that Mr. Burr had reached that neighborhood on the 13th of January.
February 10, 1807. TH: JEFFERSON.
Extract of a letter from Cowley Meade, secretary and acting governor of the Mississippi territory, to the department of war, dated
WASHINGTON, M. T. Jan. 13, 1807.
SIR,
I have just time by the mail to inform you that I received this morning a letter from Col. Burr, at Bayou Pierre, avowing the innocence of his views and the fallacy of certain rumours against his patriotism. His object is agriculture, and his boats are the vehicles of emigration. However, several military corps were ordered to be on the alert and apprehend him and all suspicious persons on the day before the reception of his letter: these orders may possibly bring him into my possession. In his letter he hints at resistance to any attempt to coerce him, and depreciates a civil war. These hints will have no influence on my conduct. He will be apprehended, if possible, at the hazard of the lives of our militia, and the honor of the executive. We are all busy and active. I hope in a day or two to give you a better account of this troublesome man.
A boat passed Natchez last night; was hailed and pursued by the guard; they fired two guns at the pursuers, and made their escape, being better manned.
The citizens of this country are republicans and patriots, and on their exertions I have every reliance.
15p Authority.
LAW OF THE U. STATES.
AN ACT
To alter the time of holding the circuit and district courts in the district of N. Carolina.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That instead of the times heretofore established by law, for the sessions of the circuit court for the district of North-Carolina, the said courts shall hereafter commence and be held on the twelfth day of May, and the twelfth day of November, in each year, any thing contained in any former act or acts to the contrary notwithstanding. And all actions, suits, process, pleadings, and other proceedings of what nature or kind soever, civil or criminal, commenced or to commence in the said court, and all recognizances returnable to the said court, on the 20th day of June next, shall be continued, returned to, and have day, in the session to be held by this act, and the same proceedings shall be had thereon as heretofore, and shall have all the effect, power, and virtue as if the alteration had never been made: Provided nevertheless, That when the twelfth day of May, or the twelfth day of November shall happen on Sunday, the next succeeding day shall be the first judicial day of the term.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the district courts of the United States, for the district of North-Carolina, shall alter the following days, instead of the times heretofore established by law, that is to say; at Wilmington, in and for the district of Cape Fear, on the first Mondays in February, June and October; at Newbern, in and for the district of Pamptico, on the Friday next after the first Mondays in February, June and October; and at Edenton in and for the district of Albemarle, on the first Tuesday which shall follow the Friday next after the first Mondays in February, June and October. And that all actions, suits, writs, process, pleadings or other proceedings, commenced or to commence, or which shall be now depending, in any of the district courts of the district of North-Carolina, shall be continued over, and have day in the next district court to be held in the several districts as hereby established, any thing in any former act or acts to the contrary notwithstanding.
NATHL. MACON,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
GEO. CLINTON,
Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate.
February 4, 1807.
APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
BY virtue of a deed of trust, executed on the 24th day of May, 1806; whereby David Ross conveyed to us, a tract of land called Coles, in the county of Goochland, containing by a then late survey, 1510 acres; also, another tract a small distance from that called Coles, containing 200 acres, more or less, it being the same land, that the said Ross purchased from John Hughes and wife, and also the tract of land called Mount Prospect, the greater part of which lies in Fluvanna, containing by estimation 1200 acres, except 225 acres heretofore sold by the said Ross, out of the said tract, to Samuel Pettie, to raise the sum of eleven thousand and four hundred dollars, with interest thereon from the 1st January, 1807, together with all charges and expenses of sale; and in pursuance of a requisition made in writing, under the provisions of the said deed; we shall on the 21st day of March next, before the front door of the Eagle Tavern, in the city of Richmond, sell for ready money, all and singular, the land and estates above mentioned, at which time and place, conveyances will be made to the purchasers. A more particular description of the above property, may be seen by tracing the references contained in the said deed now of record, in the general court, under an acknowledgment of the same in court, on the 12th June, 1806.
THOMAS NORVELL,
W. ALLEN,
WM. C. WILLIAMS.
February 10. (tf)
A GREAT BARGAIN.
FOR SALE, a TRACT OF LAND in Hanover county, whereon I now live, lying on Crump's creek, containing about 500 acres, and within 15 miles of the city of Richmond; upwards of 200 acres of which are uncleared, and is good wheat and corn land; there is on this tract some very good Meadow Land—Has on it a good dwelling house, barn and other out houses, in good repair, with young orchards of peach, apple, and cherry;—Also another tract in said county, adjoining Broad Neck, about one-half of which is wood land—Also 180 odd acres lying in said county, in the neighborhood of Joseph Croft, within three miles of a good saw mill, and well stocked with oak and pine timber. There are fifty bushels of wheat sown on the tract first mentioned. A further description of these lands is thought unnecessary, as any person inclined to purchase, it is presumed will with to view them. One-third of the purchase money will be required in cash, and twelve months credit will be given for the other two-thirds. A deed of Trust upon the land will be required to secure the payment of the other two-thirds.
February 10. WM. SIMS.
oaw8w 4.
N. B. As I intend to remove to the westward, immediate possession will be given. W. S.
WANTING, 3 men to act as turnkeys at the
Penitentiary, who can come well recommended for their sobriety, &c.
MARTIN MIMS,
Keeper of the Penitentiary.
February 10. (3m.)
SLAVES FOR HIRE.
SEVERAL Female House Servants of good character. One excellent Cook and Washer—and sundry boys and girls for hire till Christmas next, by JAS. SMITH.
Who offers three chests of fresh Imperial Tea at a low price. Feb. 10. 2w.
THE meeting of the Subscribers to the Tappahannock JOCKEY CLUB, in consequence of bad weather, is unavoidably postponed, until Tuesday the 17th February, when it is hoped they will generally attend to form the rules and regulations for the said Club.
ARTHUR S. BROCKENBROUGH. Tappahannock, Feb. 3. 2w.
FEMALE EDUCATION.
THE Subscriber intends to open SCHOOL, on the first day of March, 1807, in the house now occupied by the Rev'd. Mr. Cowling, near the Methodist Meeting-house, in the city of Richmond, where the following branches of Education will be taught, viz: Reading, Writing, Plain-work, Marking and Embroidery.—Also, Drawing and Painting. M. HODGSON. January 31. oaw 3t.
TO RENT,
A CONVENIENT HOUSE for a small family.—Also, a house in which there are two rooms well calculated for an office. For terms, apply to ALEXANDER QUARRIER. January 31. tf.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of John Hoomes, dec'd. of the Bowling Green, are requested to make them known, that provision may be made for a final settlement, and those indebted must make immediate payment to JOHN HOOMES, and JOHN G. WOOLFOLK, Executors of John Hoomes, dec'd. Jan. 28, 1806. tf.
BURR MILL STONES, of all sizes; and
PLAISTER-OF-PARIS, of an excellent quality
FOR SALE, AS USUAL, BY
WILLIAM DAVIDSON,
near the Market. [septf.]
Dec. 4. FARMER'S HOTEL.
A. S. BROCKENBROUGH, having purchased the houses of Dr. M'Conachie in this town, formerly the property of Messrs. Ritchies, is determined to convert them into a TAVERN for the accommodation of the public; he has provided himself with an excellent cook, and has made arrangements for a constant supply of the best Fish, Oysters, Wild Fowl, &c. in their respective seasons; no exertion on his part will be wanting to render the time agreeable to those gentlemen or ladies who may think proper to favor him with their company—he expects to meet with encouragement from the public adequate to his exertions. Tappahannock, January 5.
TAPPAHANNOCK JOCKEY CLUB.
Tuesday the 20th January, is the day appointed for the meeting of the subscribers to the Tappahannock J. Club, to form the rules and regulations for the said club. From the present number of respectable subscribers, I have no hesitation in stating that this club will be equal to any in the state. Gentlemen that wish to become members before the meeting, will please forward their names, and those gentlemen that have subscription papers will be so good as to send on the names of those that have subscribed since they have had a paper. ARTHUR S. BROCKENBROUGH, Proprietor of the course. January 6.
AS SIZE OF BREAD for the city of Richmond,
from the 6th inst. until further orders (Superfine Flour being 7 Dollars and 34 Cents per Barrel) viz.
A single loaf made of Superfine
Flour to weigh 24 ozs. for 4 1-2
Ditto of Common Flour 24 4 1-2
Double the above wt. respectively 9
EDW. CARRINGTON, Mayor. January 6. tf.
THE FARMER'S VIRGINIA ALMANACK,
for the Year 1807, printed by Thomas
RITCHIE, is now for sale, by the gross, dozen or
single, at the ENQUIRER Book-Store.
Also—A General Affortment of Lawyer's
and Sheriff's BLANKS, just printed.
THE SUBSCRIBERS,
Having taken a House a few doors below the Bell-Tavern,
offers For Sale, under the firm of
WHITE & SHELTON,
A GENERAL assortment of GROCERIES, which
they will dispose of on very moderate terms,
for Cash, Country produce, or approved paper.
ISAAC WHITE,
JOHN S. SHELTON. December 23. ep tf.
TO RENT,
FOR one or more years, and possession given
the first of May next. A TWO STORY
BRICK HOUSE, in the town of Lynchburg,
at present occupied by Messrs. William and
James Morgan. The said house is an excellent
land for a store and capable of accommodating
a genteel family; for terms apply to the sub-
scriber living in Amherst county, near New-
Glasgow. Thomas M. Cock of Lynchburg,
or Mr. Daniel Warwick of Richmond. LINDSEY COLEMAN. Jan. 20. (3m.)
MARSHAL'S SALES.
Will be sold, to the highest bidder, for ready money, under
a decree of the court of the United States for the 5th cir-
cuit in the Virginia District, between Plinneas Bond, at-
torney for the creditors of Ezekiel Edwards, plaintiff,
and David Ross, and other, defendants;—
THREE valuable PLANTATIONS in the coun-
ties of Pittsylvania and Bedford, upon Staunton
and Pigg rivers, stated in the deed of trust in the pro-
ceedings mentioned, to contain three thousand acres,
more or less, but supposed to be considerably more ex-
tensive, comprehending all the Lands that on the 5th
day of June 1795 belonged or appertained to the
three plantations known by the name of the Mountain
plantation, mouth of Pigg River plantation, and the
Frying Pan plantation. A more particular description
of which will be given on the day of sale. The
sale will take place at the Eagle-Tavern in the city of
Richmond, on Tuesday the 24th day of February
next. Also at the Oxford Iron Works in the county of
Campbell, on Tuesday the third day of March next,
will be sold under the said decree, upon the same
terms, a number of very valuable SLAVES. BENJ. MOSBY, d. m. for JO. SCOTT, m. v. d. Jan. 8. eptdf.
WANTED immediately, ten ton of clean Mer-
chantable HEMP, for which a liberal price
will be given in cash. PROSSER & MONCURE. Dec. 20. eptf.
NEGROES—FOR SALE.
By virtue of a Decree of Trust executed to me by Richard Ferguson, to secure the payment of £ 179 12
3 to Arthur Clayton, with interest thereon, from
the 17th of February, 1806, till payment, together
with all legal expenses attending said trust.
Will be sold to the highest bidder for ready
money on Tuesday the 24th of February next,
at Louisa court-house, three NEGROES, the pro-
perty of said Richard Ferguson, consisting of two men
and a boy. All persons inclined to purchase, are re-
quested to attend. Wm. WHITE, Trustee. Louisa, Jan. 27. epim.
MAY be purchased on a long credit, and low
terms, the TENEMENT on which the Sub-
scriber lives, situated on Church-hill, within about
one half mile of the Richmond market—containing 2
acres of ground, well enclosed and highly improved.
The buildings consist of a large and well contrived
Dwelling House, Laundry, Kitchen, Dairy, Smoke-
House, two Stores, Brick-Office, Coach-House, Barn
and Stable. All these buildings are well finished
and in complete order for the accommodation of a
large and genteel family; who may have easy access
to all the advantages of the city, and live as retired as
they could with. JOHN ELLIS. January 6. tf.
JOHN TOMPKINS,
HAS received an assortment of GOODS Consisting of
FLANNELS, Coatings, Blankets, Rose and Duf-
le Drabs, Frize, Kerseys, Feanough, Cloths, Car-
pets and Carpeting, Bombozettes, Swansdown, Patent
Cord, Powder and Shot, Dowias, Sheeting, Ker-
seymeres, Calicoes and Mullins, &c. &c. which he
will dispose of on very liberal terms, by the piece or
package. nov. 14. tf.
FOR SALE,
A TENEMENT, being part of Lot No. 196 ad-
joining Mrs. Sarah Leifer's at Ricketts; lately
occupied by captain Benjamin Colver; whereon is a
commodious Dwelling House, in good repair. For
terms, apply to Mr. Richard Young, near the premises, or to the subscriber at Baltimore. STEPHEN COLVER. January 22. saw 8c. 4.
THE SUBSCRIBERS, UNDER THE FIRM OF
LESUEUR & SAUNDERS,
Inform their friends and the public, that they
will continue the COMMISSION business, late-
ly done by G. & T. Saunders. They promise
the strictest attention to the interests of those
who may favor them with consignments.
They are now receiving a general and extensive assortment
of GROCERIES, which will be offered for sale,
Wholesale and Retail, on the lowest terms and best
credit, in the store lately occupied by Messrs. William
M'Kenzie & Co. opposite the Vendue Office of Messrs.
Proffer & Moncure—among which are the following
articles:
BROWN SUGAR of Bar Iron, German, Craw-
ley's & Blithered Steel,
Ditto ditto second ditto, Antigua & Jamaica Rum,
Belt Green Coffee, Very Old Antigua Rum
Salt in Sacks, Holland Gin,
Molasses and Treacle, Cogniac Br