The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-08-13 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE.....AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 28.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 13, 1805.
[VOLUME 2.]
Richmond Prices Current.
   D. C. D. C.     TOBACCO 5 50 a 6   FLOUR 9 50 a 10   fine 9 50 a 9   3 middlings 8 50 a 8   WHEAT OLD 1 50 a NON.   NEW 1 75   INDIAN CORN 5 a 5 25   WHISKEY 62 a 67   BACON 15   HEMP 180 200   BAR IRON 110  
NOTICE.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of Thomas Bowles, dec'd. are requested to bring them properly proved, in order that provision may be made for payment; and those indebted to the said estate are earnestly requested to make immediate payment to the subscriber, as I with a settlement of the said estate to take place on Tuesday the first day of October next. Be it remembered that those who do not bring in their claims against the said estate on or before the above date, I shall not pay any claims after that time, and this notice will be plead in bar.
JEMIMA BOWLES, Administratrix of Thos. Bowles, dec'd. Hanover, August 9. (ep3c)
AS I find considerable leisure in my time, which I shall be glad to devote to devote to the most useful purposes, I shall be glad to take upon myself, the TUITION of ten or twelve young gentlemen, from nine to twelve years old, in the principles of the Latin Grammar, Geography, use of the Globes, History, writing and Arithmetic. The terms will be moderate, and the greatest care and attention shall be paid to their morals.
JOHN HEATH. August 9. (3t.)
A GOOD SAWYER.
TO BE HIRED, from the present time until Christmas next. Enquire of the Printer. August 9. (epf)
LAND—FOR SALE.
IN the county of Lunenburg, lying within one mile of the Court-house, on Couch's creek; this tract contains seven hundred and fifty acres, one hundred and fifty of which is cleared; considerably improved for the accommodation of a family. This land is well suited to the cultivation of Tobacco, Corn and Wheat. A great bargain may be had in this land. The terms may be made known, by application to Major Grief Green, of Nottoway, who is duly authorised to dispose of it, or the subscriber living on the premises.
JOSEPH SMITH. Lunenburg, August 2. (epf)
BENJAMIN DUVAL,
AT THE SIGN OF THE GOLDEN MORTAR, RICHMOND,
HAS just received a very large and extensive assortment of fresh MEDICINES, SURGEON'S INSTRUMENTS, DRUGS and DYE-STUFFS, PAINTS of all kinds, OIL, VARNISHES, PUTTY, &c.
Also a complete assortment of HATTERS' MATERIALS, CONSISTING OF
   Hatters' Irons Crude Tartar   Logwood Bacon Irons   Coppers Bow-Strings   Viridegrease Linings   Puttick Galeons   Spanish Indigo Taffet Bands   Oil of Vitriol Rubbing Dishes   Aq. Fortis Stampers   QuickSilver Trenchers, &c.  
Which added to his former stock, completes an assortment that was never equalled in his line of business, in this city.
He thanks his customers for past favors, and hopes to merit a continuation of their custom. His former attention to the quality of his Medicines, importing them in their crude state, that he might be able to judge of their quality, and powdering and preparing them under his immediate inspection, have contributed to his present enlargement; and opposition he presumes will not relax his exertions to give general satisfaction in future.
His experience for more than 12 years past, as Apothecary and Druggist in this city, added to a small stock of Medical Information acquired before, enables him, he thinks, to form a tolerably correct judgment as to the quality of Drugs and Medicines, although he cannot boast of honors conferred on him, greater than the confidence of numerous and respectable customers.
In regard to his wholesale prices, he promises to furnish each of his wholesale customers with a printed price current, as soon as possible, and feels himself confident in their approbation, knowing that no one in this state can afford to under-sell him. This he intends to do, not to get others' customers from them, but to secure his own.
Any articles that may be ordered, and not approved of as to quality, may be returned if in good order, and in a reasonable time.
June 7. (3w&stf)
TO BE SOLD.
At Public Vendue, at Goffe's Hotel, in Alexandria, on Monday the 16th day of September, at 12 o'clock, at noon.
ALL that TRACT OF LAND, late Presley Thornton, Esquire's, situated in Northumberland county, Virginia, lying immediately on the Potomac River. The following description is given of this property by persons well acquainted with it:—It contains 2,500 acres, 1,700 acres of which are the most valuable low grounds on the river, between 3 and 400 acres heavily timbered, and the remainder very high land, extremely productive. The soil of this tract is equal to any in the state for the cultivation of corn, wheat, tobacco, timothy, and grain of all kinds. On this tract are a large commodious Brick Mansion House and two Offices, a Large Brick Stable, Valuable Barn, Cow-House, and many other out-houses. The Orchards and Garden contain a variety of valuable fruit trees, and the waters abound with excellent fish and oysters. It is situated about a day's sail from Baltimore, Alexandria, and Norfolk. There are two good mill sites for grist and saw mills on the estate, and plenty of cedar and chestnut timber, for which an excellent market may be found at this city of Washington.
The terms of sale are—one-fourth cash, one-fourth in one year, one-fourth in 18 months, and the residue in two years from the day of sale. The payments to be secured by bonds, with mortgages on the premises, and to be on interest from the day of sale. For further information, application may be made in behalf of the subscriber, Thomas Robinson, to Richard Peters, Jrn. attorney at law, in the city of Philadelphia, or to William Lewis, in the same city. (Philadelphia.)
THOMAS ROBINSON. W. LEWIS. July 23. ep 158.
TO RENT, BRICK LUMBER HOUSE on the Eason.
FOR SALE. German Osnaburgs, by the piece or bale, Gen. Medock Claret, of vintage of '01 7 In boxes of Soturn Wine of the vintage of do. $ 80 b. each. A few dining and desert sets of elegant French China. The above Wines are such as can be particularly recommended, having been laid in last September at Bordeaux by one of the partners then on the spot, who took uncommon pains in the selection. PICKETT, POLLARD & JOHNSTON. July 23. ep4w.
MOUNT SIGN FOR SALE.
THE subscriber offers for sale, his Plantation in Northumberland county, known by the name of MOUNT SIGN. The above tract contains about 500 acres, all of which is equal to any land in that part of the country for fertility of soil, and has every requisite to make it a desirable situation for a gentry family. There is on the land an excellent brick dwelling house, with every convenient out house; it is situated on the navigable waters of the Potomac, and commands an elegant view of the river; it is very convenient to ffs, oysters, &c. and is within one day's sail of Alexandria, Norfolk, and Baltimore. Terms of the sale will be made known by application to Mr. Henry Ball, who resides on the land, or to the subscriber. JESYLL JONES. May 3. epf.
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND,
MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use.
Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale.
Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes, as well as if they were on the spot.
A—the length of the Boot—C—round the Calf—B—the pitch of ditto—D—round the heel and instep—E—round the instep—G—across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. January 1. epf.
VALUABLE COAL LANDS,
To be let upon a lease for years.
THE Coal Lands at Dover in the county of Goochland, joining Doctor John Adams's coal pits and Mr. Graham's, belonging to the subscribers. The situation is uncommonly advantageous for coal works. The distance from Manikintown ferry, on James river, about 300 yards—the slope so advantageous as to render it extremely easy to construct waggon ways for transporting the coals to the river at little or no expense. There is a very fine landing on the river bank, belonging to the estate, for depositing the coals, from whence they can be conveyed into the boats by a wooden trunk, with great expedition and ease. The situation is such as to enable the coal-master to carry on the works for many years without interruption from subterraneous water or troublesome and expensive at coal pits. The body of coal is considered very abundant, and not in the smallest degree exhausted, as there has been only one small shaft made on the edge of the land, and works so far as to prove the excellent quality of the coals and the ease with which they may be raised. We will attach to the colliery a SMALL FARM, if required, within one mile, with useful improvements. For further information apply to the subscribers at the city of Richmond.
DAVID ROSS, JAMES CURRIE. (4w.)
THE SUBSCRIBER
Has lately received from Philadelphia:
A HANDSOME assortment of TEA CHINA, in full and broken sets; Cut and Plain Glass Ware assorted, and a great variety of Liverpool plain, painted, printed and China glazed Wares, which may be purchased by the crate, or in small assortments made up to suit retailers. He has also this day received on consignment from Norfolk; Brown Sugar, of good quality, in bds. and bbls. Which he will sell reasonably for cash or negotiable notes, at 60 days.
He continues to keep a general assortment of GROCERIES of the best quality for retailing, and has on hand, Antigua, W. Island and N. E. Rum, by the bld. Cognac and Apple Brandy, by the pipe and barrel; Spanish Sugar by the box, and Chewing Tobacco of good quality, by the pound. DANIEL TRIPLETT. July 19. ep4w.
IN pursuance of an act of the General Assembly of this commonwealth, entitled, an act authorizing the appointment of a mathematical surveyor of the city of Richmond, and for other purposes, passed the eighth day of January, 1805.
PUBLIC NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that in virtue of a writ of admeasurement issued from the court of the county of Henrico, and to me directed, I shall on the 16th day of August next, with a jury, meet on the land through which the common council of the city of Richmond, propose to extend the cross street of said city to James river, to connect that part of the town lying on the east side of Shockoe creek, with that on the west side thereof, by a continuation of the several streets already laid out across the said creek till their junction with each other, and to lay out and extend the way now laid as a street from the northern boundary of the city of Richmond, to run by Tate's tan-yard to the market-house, and from thence continued along Robert Mitchell's Tenement to the river, and extend the street from the old shot factory near the margin of the river to Rockets landing as the same is now laid—then and there to view the lands and carry into effect the said writ of admeasurement.
N. SHEPPARD, Deputy for William Mayo. July 19. A5d.
FOR SALE,
THAT valuable TRACT OF LAND, in the county of King & Queen, late the property of Wm. Campbell, dec'd. called the Taylor's Bridge Tract; containing about four hundred acres, a large proportion of which is rich low ground, abundantly stocked with good timber, and well adapted to the cultivation of grain. It will be sold on the premises, on the fifth of September, if fair, if not, the next fair day, and may be divided to accommodate purchasers, on a credit of six, twelve, and eighteen months. Bonds with approved security, to be paid interest from the date, if not punctually paid, together with alien on the land, will be required. W. & WILY CAMPBELL, Exrs. King & Queen, July 12. (ef3w.)
HOUSE AND LOT—FOR SALE.
THE subscribers offer for sale, the House and Lot in the neighbourhood of Mr. McCraw, and Lieut. Underwood, on the Hill, which they lately purchased of Mr. John S. Moore, in which a bargain may be had. This lot has just been newly indented, and all the buildings as sitting of a dwelling house with two good rooms and a passage below, and 3 rooms and an entry above, a good cellar for cooking, and a back room adjoining, a kitchen and smoke-house, have undergone a complete repair, and are fit for the accommodation of a genteel family. The terms of sale—one third in six months, another third in 12 months, and the balance in 18 months. Bonds with approved security, with a deed of trust on the property, to insure a punctual payment of the instalments as they become due, will be required. If it is not sold, any person inclined to rent, may be accommodated. N. B. & J. SHEPPARD. July 13. ef
Approved bonds or notes due or to become due from persons residing in Richmond, or Henrico, will be taken in payment for the above property, should any person prefer that way of purchasing to the above. July 13. ef
Pleadings of Counsel,
ON THE
IMPEACHMENT OF JUDGE CHASE.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23.
MR. MARTIN, in continuation.
This authority shews that a declaration, as I have contended, must have been made; but I shall now also shew, that as I have before stated, the declaration must be made from motives of partiality, that is, from favour or ill will, to the one or the other party. For this purpose I will read one of Hawkins, chap. 49, sect. 28. "It hath been allowed a good cause of challenge on the part of the prisoner, that the juror hath declared his opinion before hand, that the party is guilty, or will be hanged, or the like. Yet it hath been adjudged, that if it shall appear the juror made such declaration from his knowledge of the cause, and not out of any ill will to the party, it is no cause of challenge." This doctrine is as old as the seventh of Henry the sixth; during whose reign it was determined, that though a juror had said twenty times, that if he was sworn, he would give his verdict for one of the parties, yet if he said this from the knowledge which he had of the matter in dispute and the truth of the case, such juror was indifferently; but if he said this from any affection to the party, the juror in that case was favourable, and thus judge Babington directed the triers; see Brooke's abrid. Title Challenge, p. 55.
In Viner's abrid. 21 vol. p. 266, we find the same principle recognised. It is there stated that "if a juror says twenty times that he will pass for the one party, this is not a principal challenge, for it may be that he speaks it for the notice which he has of the thing in issue, & not for affection." A decision in the seventh of Henry sixth, and another in the twentieth of the same king are referred to; and the authority from Brooke, Challenge, p. 55 before mentioned, is in the note introduced with approbation.
In 2 Hawkins Cap. 49, sect. 29, we find in confirmation of the positions I have made, the law thus declared: "It hath been adjudged to be no good cause of challenge, that the juror had found other persons guilty on the same indictment, for the indictment is in judgment of law several against each defendant for every one must be convicted by particular evidence against himself." The same principle is established by the decisions in 4 vol. State Trials, pages 141 & 175 (which he turned to and read,) 2 vol. State Trials 255, 256, also shew that though a person is a witness in the cause, it is no reason he should not serve as a juror, and also that the knowledge which a juror may have of the case to be tried by him, is no disqualification. It also shews how questions of this nature are to be tried.
And to prove that the knowledge of the facts to be decided doth not in any degree interfere with the right of a judge to decide in the case, and that any member of this honourable court might be sworn as a witness and yet give his decision in the cause, I will read an authority from State Trials, vol. 9, page 632, where Lord Stafford, on his trial, puts this question to the court, "if I shall name any of the House of Lords as my witnesses, can that exempt them from being judges?" The answer given by the Lord High Steward was "no my lord, if your lordship has any witnesses among my lords here, they may well testify for you, and yet remain still in the capacity of your judges, for my lord of Strafford had a great many witnesses, who were peers."
Thus, though in this instance the judges had to decide both the law and the fact, the knowledge of any one of them in no respect formed an objection to his deciding as a judge.
I have said also that a juror cannot be examined on oath to prove that he has made any declaration which would be a good cause to challenge him for favour. To support this position, I will trouble the honourable court with two authorities. The first, from Leache's edition of Hawkins 2d vol. page 289 in the note. In the text it is mentioned as a cause of challenge, "that a juror hath said the prisoner is guilty, or will be hanged or the like, &c." In the note it is stated that the prisoner shall not examine a juror, concerning such matter, on a voir dire, because it sounds in reproach.
The second, from Cooke's case, 1 Salk. 153, where it appears that Cooke being indicted for high treason, offered to ask the jurors when called, in order to challenge them, "if they had not said he was guilty, or would be hanged." And by the court: "This is a good cause of challenge, but then the prisoner must prove it by witnesses, not out of the mouth of the juror-man."
With these observations I shall rest the question as to what disqualifies a juror, and shall proceed to examine whether Basset was improperly or illegally sworn upon that jury which tried Callender. I have shewn that he might not only have formed, but delivered an opinion respecting the conduct of the criminal, and yet that unless his declarations tended to prove that he did not mean to give a just and impartial verdict, but to decide against propriety and right, he was competent to be sworn on the jury. The question which was put to the jurors by the court, no law required to be put, nor was any of the jurymen bound by any law to answer the question—and the judge was perfectly correct, when he said, upon the counsel insisting that the indictment should be read to the jurors, and that they should then be asked if they had formed or declared an opinion as to the charge in
the indictment, that the court had already included them beyond what they were entitled to by law.
According to the laws of England, and so is the law considered in Maryland, to entitle the party to a continuance, he must file an affidavit shewing what witnesses he wants—what he expects to prove by them—that he has used due diligence to procure them, and that he has a reasonable expectation to procure their attendance at some time. Judge Chase, had he wished that Callender should be deprived of a continuance of his cause, would have suffered them to file their general affidavit, but what was his conduct? Desirous they should not improperly & hastily commit themselves, and lose advantages to which they might be entitled, he gave them a caution, and time 'till next day to profit by it. On the next day they did, it is true, file a special affidavit; but this special affidavit so drawn up, under the caution given them by the court, is not such as can in any degree, stand the test of legal investigation even under the authority, which one of the honourable managers (Mr. Rodney) hath this day introduced. Callender did not in his affidavit state that he expected to be able to procure his witnesses at the next term, the term after, or at any term: He also stated that there were certain books necessary for his defence, but he did not state that he had endeavoured to procure them before—that he expected to get them against the next term. And surely, if when Callender wrote that libel, he founded any part of his charge upon books which had been published, he ought to have had them by him when he wrote and published, and to have kept them by him for his defence whenever he should be called upon to answer for that publication, and could have no right to claim a continuance for the purpose of obtaining such books. One of the honourable managers (Mr. Rodney) has this morning referred us to 6th vol. Bacon's abrid. from page 659 to 662, upon the subject in contem. the mode of putting up a trial, and there as he acknowledged, & as the authority enforces, "if there is any cause of suspicion, that delay is the object, the court should be satisfied from circumstances, that the person absent is a material witness—that the person applying has been guilty of no laches or neglect—and that he is in reasonable expectation of being able to procure his attendance at some future time." That the court had in Callender's case just reason to believe that delay was the sole object of the counsel, no person can doubt—Nay, the counsel themselves have upon oath declared, that delay was their object—that they had no hope or expectation that witnesses could be of any service to them—that they considered Callender's cause desperate if the law was constitutional; and that their great object was to continue the cause to another court that it might not be tried before my honourable client, of whose conduct in the case of Euries they had heard, and against whom they had formed, it seems, the most decided prejudices.
This authority then produced by the honourable managers perfectly justifies the conduct of my client, in refusing upon that affidavit, to continue the cause to the next term. The court was then sitting to hear the charges brought before them—it was their duty to have them determined without unnecessary delay, that if the party was innocent he should be acquitted, if guilty that he should be brought to speedy punishment. The same honourable manager has from the same authority shewn, "that upon the particular circumstances of the case the court will make a rule for putting off the trial of a cause to the second term after the rule for putting off the trial is made." I admit the law, and will therefore readily admit that if an affidavit had been made by Callender, stating that he expected to be able to prove certain facts, stating what the facts were, by witnesses, whom from their particular situation, could not with any probability be produced before the second term, after the affidavit, and could then probably be had, the court might with propriety, and perhaps ought to have continued the cause to the second term, but no such affidavit was made; therefore not having made out such a case, they had no reason to complain that they had not the benefit of it. They did not even swear that they expected to be able to procure the attendance of their witnesses at any time whatever.
A case has also been referred to in Cowper's reports, where the defendant wanting the testimony of a witness who lived out of the jurisdiction of the court, and the court not having the power to issue a commission to obtain his testimony, the court declared that if the plaintiffs would not consent to have the deposition of such witness taken to be read at the trial, they would continue the cause indefinitely. The honourable manager has further said that tho' in England the court cannot issue a commission to examine witnesses, yet here the court has a power to issue a commission for that purpose. This honourable court will recollect that the case of Callender was a criminal prosecution, I doubt whether the court has any power in a criminal case to issue a commission to examine witnesses for or against the prosecution; I do not know of any law which gives them that power. If the honourable managers know of such a law, they will be so obliging as to refer us to it. But I will take up the objection upon each view, suppose a commission might have been issued, the counsel of Callender did not apply to the court to grant a commission, and to continue the cause 'till the commission was returned. Suppose a commission could not have been issued, Callender's counsel did not apply to the attorney general of the district for his consent, that these witnesses should be examined where they lived, and their deposition be read in evidence on the trial, they did not apply to the court for their determination, that the counsel for this prosecution should consent to this, and that if he refused, the cause should on that ground be continued. Had they prayed a continuance on either of these grounds, and it had been refused, they might have had some pretext under their authorities for complaint, but this ground they never attempted to take.
Had they prayed for a commission, and the law authorised it, it is to be presumed the court would have granted it, if the court could not grant a commission, and the defendant's counsel had proposed that the depositions of absent witnesses should be taken to be read at the trial, it is possible the court would have continued the cause unless the prosecutor would have consented that depositions should be thus taken. Hence therefore on no principle doth it appear that there was any thing improper, incorrect or illegal, in refusing a continuance of the case of Callender.
But, fir, there is another ground upon which the conduct of the court was strictly justifiable in refusing to know by the deposition what the absent witnesses were expected to prove, and also, in refusing to continue the cause—Upon their own statement, the witnesses wanted were only material to a few of the charges in the indictment. Their absence therefore could not be a sufficient reason to put off the trial. The attorney might have struck out of the indictment those facts of words to which their testimony was wanted, and proceeded to the trial, upon the other part of the charge.—And as the punishment both as to fine and imprisonment was discretionary, not exceeding a certain sum and time—Callender was equally in the power of the court, convicted on a part, as if he had been convicted on the whole of the charges—and the court having the discretion, and having refused a continuance for the want of the testimony suggested, had it in their power, when they passed sentence, to throw out of their consideration, those parts of the charge for which the testimony was wanted.
And on this subject the case put by my respectable colleague (Mr. Tazewell) is perfectly in point; he supposed the case of a person indicted for stealing a horse, saddle and bridle; to delay the trial, the prisoner suggests the want of witnesses, the court compel him to declare in his affidavit what he expects to prove by them. It appears that he only wants to prove that the bridle was his own!—This surely would be no cause for delaying the trial. The prosecution might instantly strike out of the indictment, the bridle, and there could not be the least pretext for not going to trial upon the residue of the charge, the stealing the horse and saddle. So in Callender's case, the want of witnesses to justify as to a few sets of words, could afford no reasonable cause why he should not be tried upon a dozen or more sets of libelous words, charged in the indictment, as to which he did not pretend to allege that he wanted a witness.
In Maryland, it has ever been the practice to try criminal prosecutions of what nature soever at the first term, if practicable, and not to continue them unless some legal cause is shewn. Judge Chase had been accustomed to this mode of procedure. It was in Maryland that he acquired the first rudiments of law. It was in that state that his legal knowledge was matured by practice.
Why should capital cases, rather than inferior crimes, be tried the first court? The honourable managers admit that it is the general rule not to continue, but to try at the first term, capital cases—Surely if indulgence, if delay is necessary in any case, it is in a capital case, where life is at risk; where an injury, if done, is irretrievable!
There are many reasons which shew the propriety that prosecutions of every kind should be decided with as little delay as possible. One of the principles as to criminal jurisdiction, as governor Claiborne has justly observed, is that though punishments should be mild, yet they ought to be speedy; by having an immediate decision there is a greater certainty that the criminal shall not elude justice by flight. The experience, whether to the criminal or to the public, is increased by delay; delay also hazards the loss of testimony by the death or absence of witnesses; and therefore diminishes the chance of having justice done, either to the party or to the public, the one or the other of whom may be essentially injured for want of testimony, which might have been had if the trial had not been delayed; but even if witnesses live, and can be had at the trial, yet the lapse of time impairs memory, and their testimony cannot be relied upon in the same manner as if they were examined immediately after the transaction, when every circumstance would be fresh in their memory. These, with many other reasons which might be given, have actuated our courts of justice in Maryland, never to continue criminal prosecutions of any kind, if it can be avoided; and shew the propriety of their conduct.
The next specification, in this article, of improper conduct in the judge, is, that he, "used unusual, rude, and contemptuous expressions towards the prisoner's counsel; and intimated that they wished to excite the public fears and indignation, and to produce that insubordination to the law, to which the conduct of the judge did at the same time manifestly tend." As to this part of the charge, there is but little of a legal nature contained in it, I shall therefore hastily pass over it. It is true, it seems to be rather a violation of the principles of politeness, than of the principles of law; rather the want of decorum, than the commission of a high crime and misdemeanor. I will readily agree that my honourable client has more of the "forbear in res" than the "surviver in modo," and that his character may in some respect be considered to bear a stronger resemblance to that of lord Thurlow than to that of lord Chesterfield; yet lord Thurlow has ever been esteemed a great legal character and an enlightened judge.
(To be continued.)
European Intelligence.
NEW-YORK, August 5.
By the ship Otis, the editor of the Mercantile Advertiser has received London papers to the 17th June, inclusive, and Lloyd's Lists and Prices Current of the 11th. To an American reader the papers contain scarcely an article possessing common interest; being occupied with the proceedings of the House of Commons and editorial speculations on the case of a high public delinquent, against whom a criminal information has been filed in the court of Kings Bench.
LONDON, June 12.
Yesterday being the day fixed for the motion for an impeachment against Lord Viscount Melville, a great crowd assembled, at an early hour, in the avenues of the house of commons. At twelve the doors were opened, and a severe pressure ensued. The gallery, of course, was filled in a few minutes. In the early part of the day an opinion prevailed, that Mr. Whitbread would open the debate; but about three o'clock it was said, that Lord Viscount Melville would be previously heard in his defence. This excited a great degree of expectation, and a great number of persons crowded in the lower lobby, and also lined the sides of the gallery of the house, which commands a view of the lobby, through which Lord Viscount Melville was to pass. About half past four, his Lordship entered the

The Speaker read a letter from Lord Viscount Melville, requesting to be admitted into the body of the House, to be heard in his defence. The honorable Robert Dundas Saunders, his Lordship's son, then moved, that his Lordship be called in; which being agreed to, the Speaker desired Mr. Colman, the Sergeant at Arms, to take the Mace, and conduct Lord Viscount Melville into the House. In the mean time, Mr. Bellamy, the principal messenger brought in a square arm chair, and placed it within the body of the House, within the bar, on the left hand side. The Sergeant at arms then took up the mace, and having waved it three times, went out of the House, and took his station outside, in the lobby, in front of the door of the House, and also opposite the door of the Treasury room. Mr. Heard, one of the messengers, had previously thrown open the folding doors of the latter apartment, and Lord Viscount Melville, being informed by him, that the House requested his attendance, his Lordship came on, and walked uncovered into the House, attended by the Sergeant and Mace. His Lordship was dressed in black, and wore a close buckled wig powdered. He bowed three times as he approached, and, on coming within the bar, the Speaker, who wore his hat on all the time, addressing him, said, "My Lord Melville, there is a chair for your Lordship." His Lordship then sat down, and put on his hat. There was a loud murmur in the house on his coming in. As soon as it subsided, which was in less than two minutes, his Lordship arose, and taking off his hat, he laid it upon the seat of the chair, and upon the hat several papers. His Lordship then standing at the back of the chair, commenced his speech, in the course of which, he frequently refreshed his memory from the papers before him. His Lordship's speech lasted two hours and a half. His manner was firm and impressive; and he did not even in the part where he appealed to the feelings appear the least shaken. The moment he had concluded, he took up his papers deliberately, one by one, and having put his hat under his arm, made a bow to the Speaker and withdrew, attended by the Sergeant, who, during the whole of the speech, remained standing on the right hand side of his Lordship, but at the distance of a few yards, with the mace resting upon the ground, and his hand upon it. The House was uncommonly crowded. Not fewer than five hundred members were present.
Lord Viscount Melville's speech will be read with interest. Upon the subject of the 10,000, and other sums of the public money received by him, and not applied to naval purposes, his Lordship positively declared, that "private honour, and personal convenience" must prevent him from ever giving any account of them. Accounts from Paris to the 21st are received. The Moniteur asserts that Sir James Craig's expedition was compelled to quit the Tagus, in consequence of the French and Spanish ambassadors threatening to leave Lisbon, if the armament was suffered to remain. It is certain that such remonstrances were made, and there is little doubt that the Portuguese government urged Sir James to hasten his departure; but it is not likely that any menaces were used, as stated in the Moniteur. The French official journal likewise states that the Carthagena fleet had conveyed troops, &c. to Minorca. This may be true, though the whole article derives an air of ridicule, from the absurd statement, that the Carthagena fleet of eight ships, had chased Lord Nelson's of eleven. It is positively stated that M. Novozilzoff's passports were, immediately on their being applied for, sent off from Milan. M. Novozilzoff is expected in Paris about the middle of June. Letters from Holland say, that it is generally believed that a negotiation for a general peace, which both Russia and Prussia are anxious to effect, will soon take place. We do not think much reliance should be placed on these statements, even as to the fact of a negotiation taking place. As to the probability of peace, the Dutch merchants know no more than the mean shopkeeper in London.
The Nile Lugger reconnoitered the Charente, on the 27th ult. and found in Rochefort, one ship of three decks, five two-deckers, three frigates, two brigs, and several gun-boats. In Berrol the enemy has twelve ships of the line, besides frigates which are watched by Sir Robert Calder with six ships of the line only. Our ships at Brest are in daily expectation of their coming out, as they have twenty seven thousand troops embarked, and their ships of the line appeared full of men. June 13.
Extract of a private letter from an officer on board one of his Majesty's ships in the Downs, dated June 10. "We have 13 sail of the line here now, the North Sea squadron being ordered round; and we expect five sail more from the westward: I believe it is expected that the combined fleet is coming north about. By every cruiser that comes in I learn, that the French appear in all their ports ready for a push out, and most of the officers are of opinion they certainly will do it shortly, as their preparations with their shipping are different from what they have been before." We yesterday received a letter from an officer on board one of the transports in the Cove of Cork, in the expedition under Sir Eyre Coote. It says, "this morning, June 5th, the troops were brigaded as follows. The 1st, or Highland Brigade, consisting of the 71st, 72d, 93 and Buffs, under the command of general M'Farlane. The second, of the 8th, 24th and 82d, with artillery, under Gen. Balfour. The third Brigade, of the 23d, 28th and 62d, under the command of Gen. M'Intosh. The 80th regiment is to form a detached corps, under the command of Lieut. col. Lord Blaney. I have not yet learned who is to command the artillery, or staff corps. General Drummond is second in command under Sir Eyre Coote. The troops are in good health, and are landed every day to keep them fit. Our destination is not yet known; but it is supposed we are going upon some remote and desperate expedition, and not to the West-Indies: for all the married officers are ordered to send their wives on shore immediately, and the transports are to be furnished with provisions for six months."
June 17. We received this morning the Paris papers to the 9th, and the Dutch to the 12th. Some of the former hint at a plot to have been executed at Milan, which as usual, is attributed to the English Government. It is thus mentioned in the Bulletin de l'Europe. "Persons will be very much astonished in Italy if they hear reported there the absurd stories which intolence or malevolence have been for some days circulating in Paris, upon a pretended conspiracy which was to burst forth at Milan, and whose object would have been to change, into a day of mourning, a day of the liveliest and purest joy. "If England has sent some spies to Milan, they have produced as little effect in the capital of that kingdom, as in the capital of the French Empire. Disappointed, disappointed, they have not been able to succeed in entering into a correspondence with any class of citizens. The moment of their arrival, the nature of their instructions was known before hand: their arrest
was conducted with as little éclat as that of the villainous adventurers." Of the movements, operations, and destination of the different squadrons at sea, the Moniteur affords us no information; it merely lays, in a dry brief note upon some of the English papers, that "in a month we shall hear where the combined squadrons are gone;—we hope the first intelligence we receive will be from Lord Nelson, after having come up with them." The mission of M. Novozilzoff occupies much of the attention of the Paris Journalists, and an article from Hamburg, in one of them, says, that a Congress for a General peace is to be held at Brussels: that Novozilzoff and the Prussian Minister are to mediate for Great Britain, and that the port of Odensel is to be opened to carry on the Diplomatic Correspondence with England. The Paris papers of the 8th state, that the Arch Treasurer set off for Milan the day before, preceded by the Finance Minister. "The departure of these two grand functionaries, affords us room to believe, that Paris will be much longer deprived of the presence of its Sovereign, than was supposed. It is believed that affairs of Genoa will keep his Majesty much longer in Italy; it is proved besides, that he is expected at the Camp of Calabigne, where he will remain a fortnight, and that he is afterwards to reside for some time at Bologna."
The French funds are 61 1-2. The Falcon sloop arrived yesterday at Portsmouth, from off Havre, having received some damage in an action with some French gun brigs. Sixteen of them came out of Havre, in open day. The Falcon, Chiffone, and Sparkler engaged them for some time; four of them are said to have been driven ashore, the rest escaped into Pécamp. They came out in consequence of positive orders to collect to the eastward. A letter from Vienna of the 28th ult. says, that a considerable alarm prevails there in consequence of the determination of the Court to increase the military peace establishment, and from numerous camps, and that the state paper has experienced a considerable depreciation from the alarm of war. Saturday the court of King's Bench, the papers and reports of the Naval Commissioners, and of the Select Committee of the House of Commons, as if applicable to Lord Viscount Melville, were deposited in the hands of the Crown officers, preparatory to their drawing out the information. Notwithstanding the assertion of the Moniteur, the Rochefort squadron returned from the West-Indies, were counted in that harbour only last Wednesday, near the same number as they returned.
Stock this day, at 12.—3 per C. Red. 58 1-31 4. 5 per Cent Cons. for tp. 59 1-2—Omniun 4 1-2 prem.
A letter of the 16th of June, received by the ship Otis, arrived at New-York, from a respectable gentleman in London to his friend in Philadelphia, states that a negotiation was then depending between Great-Britain and France, and that different opinions were entertained of the result; the writer himself did not think it would be productive of peace. True Amer.
West-Indies. From Poulton's American Daily Advertiser. MR. POULSON, The enclosed is a copy of a curious intercepted letter, published in the Halifax Gazette of the 15th of May last—I hope you will give it a place in your Gazette. A SUBSCRIBER. July 20, 1805.
LIBERTY OR DEATH. Napoleon, Emperor of France, King of Italy, &c. &c.
OUR BROTHER! Being by Divine Providence placed at the head of an enlightened, brave and generous people, whose oppressions till lately have been excessive. Conceiving that your lot and mine have always been and still is very similar, speaking the same language, it is necessary we should be bound by more than common ties. We think if Emperors and Kings, instead of all those forms used at courts, would lay aside that excess of ceremony, and correspond freely together, we should have few or no animosities—it is reserved to your majesty and ours, to banish those trammels of folly and insignificance. We write your majesty in the expectation that you will order your general and troops from our City of Santo Domingo, and leave behind all stores and ammunition, &c. as a compensation of having so long withheld the place—as soon as this is done we will immediately be prepared to negotiate a treaty of commerce with your majesty, and receive from your subjects such articles as ours may want, fixing only on one small port as an entrepôt for their reception. We have written, Brother Napoleon, to our beloved nephew of Spain, and ordered him to forbid your Majesty's corsairs the entry in his ports, in the vicinity of our imperial dominions, under pain of our august displeasure—we doubt not from the mild and complying temper of our nephew of Spain, he will obey our imperial mandate. To you, first of Brothers, we recommend peace, and amity to your neighbours—it is high time the horrors of assassination, plunder & rapine, should cease on the part of your imperial and kingly person. As soon as we are convinced of your majesty's following our friendly advice, we purpose sending over our cousins, the generals Christophe, Tonnerre and others of our loving subjects, to embrace your imperial majesty for us, and assure you, and yours, of our affection, as also that of our august Sonnie. Anxious of receiving from your majesty some distinguished mark of your Brotherly affection, we crave your majesty to transmit by your Cousin Talleyrand, the insignia of your Legion of honor to decorate our Imperial Body with. We are anxious to see Talleyrand, in order to have some Bishops consecrated amongst us. The Lord take you and yours in safe keeping. Your best Brother, Done at our Palace of Desfalinnes, 18th of March, year 1 of Hayti— an Independence. J. AQUES.
BALTIMORE, August 6. Extract of a letter from a mercantile house in Jamaica, to its correspondent in this place, dated Kingston, July 13, 1805. "We enclose you this day's Royal Gazette, wherein you will observe the strong representation again made to the governor by the assembly, for opening the ports to the American vessels as formerly, and his answer refusing—in fact is his orders from England are positive not
to open them, and not in consequence of some few people here applying to keep them shut against us." KINGSTON, (Jam.) July 13. On Thursday, the honorable house of assembly laid before his honor the lieutenant governor or their representation of the miserable situation to which this island is likely to be reduced, by a perseverance in the measures lately adopted by the command of his majesty's ministers, for the prevention of a supply of salted provisions from the United States of America, to which he made the following reply: "MR. SPEAKER, "And gentlemen of the Assembly, "In consequence of the measures which were taken during the late martial law, for the security of Jamaica, all neutral vessels have been, by my directions, admitted to an entry at the several custom houses in the island, although they may have contained salted provisions prohibited by any proclamation of the 20th May last. The arrival of the Cork fleet which is daily expected, will, I trust, tend essentially to quiet the apprehensions you entertain of a scarcity of those articles, so necessary for the support of the poorer classes of the inhabitants of the island, as well as to correct the vegetable diet of the negroes. Mr. James M. Henry, is appointed agent for the United States of America in this island, in the room of William Savage, Esq. resigned."
BOSTON, August 1. FRENCH AND ENGLISH FLEETS. Capt. Bradford, arrived here on Tuesday last from Madeira, reports, that on the 2d July, in lat. 38, long. 33, he passed 10 line of battle ships, and 4 frigates, steering E. S. E. They did not show any colours, but from their appearance, he supposed them to be English. This fleet could have been none other than Lord Nelson's, as the number of ships answers to the force which his Lordship had with him, when he passed Antigua, in pursuit of the enemy, and from the course he was expected to steer, must have reached the latitude above mentioned. Under the Newburyport head, it will be seen, that the combined French and Spanish fleet was last spoken with on the 29th June, in the same latitude, and steering nearly the same course. If these accounts are correct, it will follow, that the British have made but little head-way in out chasing their enemy, although having been in their track for above five-and-twenty days. This is extraordinary, and can be attributed only to the superior skill and vigilance which the French navy have acquired, of keeping a head of their enemies.
my sailors were taken out, and a prize-master, with men, put on board, with orders to remain with the fleet until morning. The whole of our fleet captured. Sunday morning the 9th, 5 A. M. all the French fleet, except one frigate, stood to the northward, which frigate was left to convey the prizes to Guadalupe, from which time to the 16th of the month, continued working to windward, on the southward, on the 16th, 4 French frigates joined us, that had left the fleet, gave information that the French fleet had proceeded on to France; on the 17th, the Hermione having the Argo in tow, four boats on board and took out several bags of sugar, which I had acknowledged to be British property, with two puncheons of rum and a variety of other articles, as also, all the provisions on board, save four days allowance, and ordered me to go on board the Syrene, and get my men, went along side and fortunately got one, the others being on board another frigate, was again ordered to leave the fleet. The French having despaired of getting the prizes into port, set fire to them all; at which time two large ships appeared in view, ranging for the fleet; I made sail to the northward and the French frigates to the north-east, leaving the prizes nearly burnt down to the water's edge. In this disagreeable situation, I was four days, when I spoke an American vessel, who supplied me with provisions—Arrived at Annapolis, the 11th July, 1805."
Captain Harris says the French fleet consisted of 17 sail of the line, with 9 frigates, and sloops of war. The ships appeared to have troops on board. He adds, that after the fleet left the prizes, it continued to the northward, keeping two points of the wind, he therefore thinks it was bound to Europe. Letter from Dr. Cowdery, to his friend in Baltimore, dated Tripoli, Nov. 18, 1804. MY DEAR SIR, No doubt you have often heard of the loss of the frigate Philadelphia, and the captivity of its whole crew by the Barbarians. We were taken on the 31st of October, 1803, and robbed of our property; even the greatest part of our clothing was taken from our backs. Our seamen were put to hard labour without mercy; they have suffered much for want of food and clothing, in consequence of which, five have paid their last debt to nature, and five have turned Turks. Myself and fellow officers were permitted to occupy the house where our Consul (Mr. Cathcart) resided while in Tripoli. The Bashaw compels me to exercise my profession in his palace, and among his slaves. To relieve the distresses of the latter is a pleasure to me, among whom is an unfortunate crew and about two hundred Neapolitans. Until lately I was kept in close confinement, except when I was taken out by a guard who attended me while I visited the sick. I now have liberty of the town, and live in one of the Bashaw's apartments, with two of his attendants, but am not allowed to visit our officers. My letters to them are always examined by the Turks before they get them. About the first of February, we were removed from the Consular house to the castle, and placed in close confinement under a powerful guard of Turks, who examined every paper and letter with the utmost scrutiny, to prevent our having any communication with our squadron off the town, which they much feared. What few letters we receive, are opened before we get them. No doubt many have been suppressed. Mr. Nepon, the Danish consul, has done us many favours, and is entitled to our utmost gratitude. We live in hopes of being liberated in due time, and in a manner that will do honor to our country, the service of which we were in, whose wrongs we are avenging, when by a fatal misfortune we fell into the hands of a monstrous foe. We were deprived of liberty & property, and plunged into prison, from thence to a more gloomy one, the dreary walls of a castle, the gloomy walls of which bespeak the misery of Christian slaves who crept them under the lash of tyrants; the glimmering light of which is admitted through an iron grating in the top of the roof. The doors are secured with large locks and bars of iron, and guarded by Turkish soldiers, who are ready to plunge their daggers into our hearts at the word of a tyrant, who preserves us only for the ransom he expects from our country. We hope and expect that the free sons of Columbia will soon restore us to our native shore, that we may join them in the protection of its rights and the enjoyment of its blessings. Our squadron made five vigorous attacks upon this place last summer, in which much blood was shed. Terms of peace have been offered, without effect. The Bashaw's demands are greater than I hope my country will ever accede to. Force of arms is the only proper method in this case. I should be glad to hear from you—My respects to all my friends. Yours respectfully, &c. JONATHAN COWDERY.
PHILADELPHIA. We are informed that a new arrest of the Haytian government is received in this city. It entails that all vessels coming into their ports shall have their cargoes consigned to a resident (Black we presume) merchant, who previous to being permitted to an entry, shall give bonds to double the amount of the duties accruing on such cargoes. This decree has been issued for the purpose of securing to the administration the punctual payment of its duties. (Poulton's Adv.) From the N. York Morning Chronicle. Captain Culver, of the brig Eliza Hamilton, arrived yesterday, obligingly furnished us with a St. Croix paper of the 12th of July, from which we extract the following. PUBLICATION. The following regulations, which have this day been communicated to both custom-houses of this island, are hereby made known to the trading part of the community, viz: 1. All sorts of goods, without exception, may be imported to St. Croix, from all foreign places, provided said goods be imported either in Danish, European, American, or vessels belonging to our Danish West-India Islands. 2. No foreign goods are contraband except those imported in foreign European vessels, which goods remain henceforth, as they hitherto have been, prohibited. 3. The duties to be paid on such foreign goods from all foreign places, are as follows: When imported in Danish European vessels: Articles denominated necessary, 5 per ct. Do. less necessary, 7 per ct. Do. of luxuries, 10 per ct. When imported in American vessels: Articles denominated necessary, 5 per ct. Do. less necessary, 10 per ct. Do. of luxuries, 15 per ct. When imported in our own vessels belonging to our Islands, in the same manner as when imported in Danish European vessels: Which above mentioned regulations commence from the 1st July.
Domestic Intelligence. HALIFAX, (N. S.) July 18. The following is an extract from the log-book of the frigate Argo, Captain Harris. "Left Antigua 17th of last month, at 7 P. M. in company with twelve ships bound for Europe, and the brigantine Caroline bound for Halifax, under convoy of H. M. ketch Netley, of 18 guns; continued a northerly course during the night, at day light saw Berbuda, bearing E. S. E. At 9 A. M. the commodore made signal for all vessels under convoy to make all sail to the northward, and dropped in the rear of the fleet immediately after; saw a sail astern, in a short time could count 26 sail—judging them to be French vessels made all sail to the northward; at 11 A. M. the headmost ship showed French colours, got within shot of the ketch and gave her a broadside, but by her superior sailing made her escape; I hoisted American colours having an American name on her stern. At 1 P. M. a French frigate passed the Argo, within hail; at half past one the Spanish admiral also passed the Argo, without noticing her. Then athwarting the fleet to the north-eastward; at half past four was brought to by a French eighty gun ship, her boat came on board with an officer, and examined the vessel. I insisted on her being an American vessel, finding no colours or English property on board, (they being previously put out of the way) allowed me to proceed; at 5 o'clock was again brought to by the French corvette Piret, the second Captain came on board, said the vessel was an English one, and a good prize, plundered her most stufffully, carried me on board the Admiral's ship, who, finding among some of my papers an account of property shipped at Antigua for New-York, I was compelled to acknowledge it was British property; he then told me I must be carried into port for adjudication; I was then ordered on board the Argo,
BALTIMORE, August 7. A gentleman, who was for some time a prisoner in Barracoa (Cuba) lately arrived in this city from that place, and handed us the following account of the privateers fitting out at that port, with a request that it might be published for the information of those concerned in the West-India trade. VESSELS. La Dargourt—Commanded by a woman, carrying two 18 pounders four 6's, 2 short carronades, and 100 men, (18 of whom are Americans) and rows forty sweeps, (painted black.) La Superb—Captain Demick, six 9's—95 men, (15 Americans) 40 sweeps; painted black, with a white bottom—falls remarkably fast, and cruises generally close in with Cape Francois. La Constance—Captain Furis, two 9's—45 men, and 26 sweeps; (painted black.) Valtair—Captain Jack, two 9's—40 men, and 20 sweeps; (painted black.) Marblane—Capt. —, four 6's—43 men, 20 sweeps; (painted black, with yellow bottom.) Defiance—Capt. —, two 6's—40 men, 20 sweeps; (painted black, with yellow bottom.) La Bologne—Capt. —, two 9's—45 men, 20 sweeps; (painted black.) Beauty—Capt. —, two 6's—40 men, 20 sweeps. Two feluccas, one 4 pounder each, and 20 men—and two Schooners, to carry 2 guns each, and 40 men. Telegraphs. PORTSMOUTH, July 30. MORE BRITISH AMITY! Extract of a letter from Thomas E. Oliver, late mate of the American brig Minerva, to his friend in this place, dated 17th June, on board the Diana Frigate, then by the isle of Rose, on a cruise. "You will be afflicted at my misfortune when I tell you my situation on board this vessel—and the distressing means which placed me here. On the 28th of May I was taken, and impressed on board this British frigate Diana, commanded by Thomas James Melling—who has on board his vessel forty other Americans, who have had the misfortune to be placed here by the same violent means, which were made use of to constrain me—besides the interruption from our business, the painful detention from our families and friends—the want of almost every comfort of life, which we should, under the most favorable circumstances, in such a situation, necessarily suffer. The wage we here meet with is peculiarly distressing. Were we prisoners to the Bashaw of Tripoli, we could hardly receive more savage treatment. Four or five of my countrymen have been taken to the gangway, and have suffered corporal punishment—two dozen lashes have been inflicted at a time—let us do what we may to excite kind treatment, we are sure to be treated worse than dogs—we are continually kicked or stabbed,—I have myself been stabbed three times with a cutlass, twice in my left side, and once in my left shoulder—Should we arrive in any port, I will endeavour to make my escape, let the hazard be what it may, for I would rather prefer to die than to exist in such a situation." N. B. Mr. Oliver was proceeding to give a list of the names of the Americans impressed on board, and was prevented after mentioning WILLIAM LAWRENCE, of Salem, and JOHN BARNES.
NEW-YORK, JULY 27. COMMERCIALLY INTERESTING. The following Regulations of the Intendant General of the Island of Cuba has been obligingly translated and handed to us, by a gentleman to whom the public has been frequently indebted for his useful communications. The original has been left in our possession. In about two months time we shall probably see it announced from the Consul General at Philadelphia. "SIGNIOR DON RAFAEL ROUBAUD, Intendant General of this Island, has determined, in a decree of the 28th June last, that the regulations pointed out in the manifest or ordinance, of the 8th Feb. anterior, for the general Administration of the revenues of the marine, for the Commerce of Neutrals, receive the following addition: The Consuls or Vice-Consuls of the neutral ports from whence expeditions are made (and in the case of their being no Consuls resident therein, the persons authorized by the Minister Plenipotentiary of his Majesty) shall certify to the accounts or invoices, with the expression of the particular port of the Island to which they are directed; with an individual relation of the number, weight, measure, quality and value of the kinds and effects comprehended in the cargo; under the intelligence or knowledge that whatsoever shall be discovered that was not included in the invoice, will be confiscated without any indulgence." Havana, July 3, 1805. A gentleman of the navy called upon us this morning, and requested us to mention, that Gun-Boat No. 3, had her heavy gun in her hold, or the three privateers would have had more work for their prize. (Fed. Gaz.)
FAIRFIELD RACES. ON Monday the 30th of September, will be run for over the FAIRFIELD COURSE, the great PRODUCE SWEEPSTAKE. To this race there are twenty-three subscribers, at 200 dollars each; half forfeit if the Dam named produced a Foal. Distance, two mile heats.—Subscription closed. The day following, the JOCKEY CLUB PURSE of four hundred and fifty Dollars, four mile heats. On the third day, the PURSE OF THE PROPRIETOR OF THE COURSE, of two hundred and fifty Dollars, three mile heats. On Thursday, the FARMER'S SWEEPSTAKE. There are, to this race, twenty subscribers at 20 dollars, and the subscription closed. The Secretary and Treasurer have taken the liberty to change the day for running this race: the day preceding the PRODUCE STAKE was fixed upon by the subscribers, but this day commences the week. WEIGHTS AS FOLLOW: Aged Horses, 133 lbs. 6 years old 128 5 do. do. 118 4 do. do. 106 3 do. do. 90 Mares and Geldings allowed 3 lbs. The money for each days purse will be placed in the hands of the Judges; it is to be hoped that more punctuality will be observed by the subscribers in paying up the amount of their subscriptions before ran. ESME SMOCK, Treasurer. The subscriber wishes to rent the Dining House and the Booths in the Field. Persons who have formerly rented them, will have the preference, if application is made in time. ESME SMOCK, Proprietor of the course.
FAIRFIELD RACES.

BANK OF VIRGINIA.
The condition of the Bank of Virginia has been strangely misunderstood and widely misrepresented. An industrious writer in the last Virginia Gazette, who has collected together these various and diversified errors, has attempted to present them to the public in one compact and imposing body. The two following correct and ingenious communications, are therefore to be considered not merely as the refutations of the writer, to whom they are addressed, but of those multiplied misrepresentations, of which he is to be considered as the oracle and the champion.
COMMUNICATION.
Address to "A COUNTRY STOCKHOLDER."
In your address to the President and Directors of the Bank of Virginia, you have in truth assumed a fictitious signature in that of a stockholder. It would be a very great folly, if it were exemplified throughout your production for a real stockholder to endeavor by misstatements to derange the value of his own property. An effort to circulate reports, by saying they are already in circulation, may be very artful, but it is certainly not very honorable or very ingenious. Whether the inconsistencies of your reasoning or the errors of your statements predominate, I leave to yourself to determine; and shall proceed to follow you in some of your meanderings.
If the name of Col. Carrington gave so much stability to the bank, why did you not sell your stock immediately on his resignation? At that time it was at eight per cent above par; several months after that gentleman withdrew from the board of Directors, it rose to 16 per cent, so that it may be fairly concluded that the price of stock did not depend very much upon his services. I doubt very much however whether he has authorized you to report that his resignation was in consequence of a disapprobation of the proceedings of his colleagues. Nor is it probable that Mr. Tazewell has assigned such a cause for his resignation. Other motives at least have been uncharitably attributed to these gentlemen; it has even been hinted that a certain degree of mortification at not obtaining the presidency of the bank and of the office of discount and deposit at Norfolk had some little effect upon these two great pillars of the institution.
To a common understanding the difference between the circumstances of the Bank of Virginia and of the Union Bank of Maryland would appear incontestable. Instead of one month, the operations of that bank commenced four months before the operations of the bank of Virginia and at least nine months before those of the offices of discount and deposit. The directors of the bank of Virginia had to provide every thing for four establishments; those of the Union bank for one establishment only. Even with the immense resources of the bank of the United States, they have only established their offices from time to time as their funds would warrant. The directors of the bank of Virginia had no choice; they were bound by the act of incorporation to set their several offices into operation within a limited time, and that before it could be possible for the profits of the mother bank to defray the expenses of these establishments. The profits of the first 5 or 6 months were in fact employed in paying the expenses of these branches; and these being consequently defrayed, there can be no doubt that the subsequent profits have been gradually accumulating, and will furnish a dividend of 4 or 4 1/2 per cent on the first of January. But will it not bring a blush into your cheek when you reflect that you, at the same moment, censure the directors for not declaring a dividend and for forcing too many of their notes? This is indeed laying them on the bed of Procrustes; if they are too long you lop them off, if too short you stretch them. They must declare a profit, but they must not use the means of making that profit. For how was the profit to be obtained? was it not by lending out money? and what sort of money were the directors to lend? their own notes or gold and silver? That the notes have been returned upon them rapidly only proves that the circulation is a limited one, and that no extension of the capital of the bank can be beneficial until the circulation shall become more extensive.
With respect to your denunciation of the Virginia assembly for prohibiting the circulation of private bank notes, as it is impotent I shall pass it over without a single comment.
The cause of the depreciation (which is as much exaggerated in your production) of Virginia Bank Stock may certainly be explained without supposing any mismanagement on the part of the directors. The astonishing avidity with which the shares were subscribed for is notorious. In the towns the merchants used all the means in their power to procure them. Owing to the extreme pressure upon the commercial world, arising from causes totally unconnected with the bank, they are now compelled to dispose of them. The merchants at Norfolk in particular have experienced a combination of untoward events almost unparalleled. An immense amount of property has been destroyed by fire; the sums required to replace the buildings are enormous; through the liberality of the government, the duties of the last year were suspended and double duties are now to be paid; added to these, there is no foreign demand for our produce, a great proportion of which is in the hands of the merchants. In this state of things, it is impossible for them to spare so much of their capital, as is vested in stock, out of their trade. The consequence is that a great deal of stock is at once brought into market, and the inevitable effect must be a depreciation in the price. This was foreseen by the sagacious Mr. Gallatin when he sold the bank stock of the United States to Mr. Baring, for which he has been loaded with obloquy by his political enemies from Maine to Georgia. There can be no question but that as soon as the shares of the bank of Virginia fall generally into the hands of country gentlemen, who will hold them not as a subject of speculation, but as a regular annuity, or into the hands of large capitalists, who may be no longer under the necessity of selling for their immediate use, the price will rise to a level with that of any other bank shares in the union.
Your statement relative to the discontent of the "country people" at not obtaining silver dollars in exchange for notes is probably not correct. They must have at all times been able to procure specie of some sort, or the credit of the bank would have been at once destroyed. Their "found sense" would soon convince them that it was impotent in the bank and injurious to the country to pay out silver dollars, when there were vessels lying in James River for the very purpose of carrying the dollars to the East Indies. If they possess this "found sense" then, they would readily receive gold in exchange for those notes which you wish to assimilate to "war paper money."
Your very strong condemnation of the directors for not receiving the notes of other banks only evinces your ignorance of the operations of a bank. What injury to the institution can arise from refusing other bank notes? Those who have payments to make into the bank will in that case necessarily offer Virginia notes or specie, and it is just as convenient to take up the notes which may be returned with the specie as with the notes of other banks. It is true that it may be attended with more risk and trouble to the customers of the bank to force them to bring specie from the north, in return for produce, instead of the bank notes, but the effect would be the same to the bank, because the amount must be the same, with this difference only, that the bank has then the risk of taking counterfeit notes.
If your statement of the amount of Virginia notes lately brought from Baltimore be true, no other inferences can be drawn than that the circulation of the notes is very limited, and that our merchants have been greatly indebted to that town, or have purchased a large quantity of goods there. In either of those cases, no blame can attach to the directors provided they have been judicious in their customers and were prepared to meet this exigency. The only obligation on them is to lend the money to repon-ble persons, and never to issue notes to a greater amount than they can readily take up. The course the notes will take depends exclusively upon the course of trade, and is not under the control of the directors. That they have been discreet in their loans can only appear by referring to their profit book. That they have been partial in the distribution of the money can only be known to themselves and their officers, and as a friend to the corporation I confidently hope that no house will be so much "enthralled with the bank" as to verify your prediction of bankruptcy.
Your next charge is their "astonishing and unheard of curtailment of discounts," and in your simplicity you refer, by way of confirming the fact, to their advertisement of one discount day in the week instead of two. As one is the half of two, you evidently concluded that only half of the sum could be discounted in one day that was before discounted in two. Look again at the advertisement and you will perceive that the duration of this change is confined to the months of August and September, when several of the directors are absent, and when it would be difficult, without imposing too much on the remaining directors, to form a constitutional board oftener than once in the course of the week.
It may probably be true that the bank of Virginia has curtailed its discounts since the establishment of the departments. Before that period almost the whole capital was lodged in its vaults. It has now been divided, and the necessary consequence must be that the discounts will be curtailed at the bank as they are extended at the departments. Of this the merchants at Richmond cannot complain, because they were apprised of the necessity of it.
In what manner the directors of the bank of Virginia have done "incalculable mischief to the country" by depressing the price of produce I am at a loss to conceive. Although the discounts may have been lessened at Richmond in consequence of a division of the capital, yet I presume they have been increased at all the departments collectively in a much higher ratio, so that the country at large must have derived a benefit instead of an injury. It is just as rational to blame the directors of the bank of Virginia for plentiful harvests abroad or a sudden peace in Europe as for the depression in the price of country produce. When there is a foreign demand, a bank gives activity to trade by loans of money and thereby increases the competition amongst merchants, but, with the exception of occasional and momentary speculations, the value of our produce will be generally regulated by the demand of other countries, whether we have fifty banks or no bank at all.
Charges and denunciations are easily made; to support them is often very difficult. They may, however, serve your purpose by exciting some degree of distrust to the present institution, will the view to another establishment more congenial to your feelings and to your projects. Your insinuations on the influence of the state in the bank, will, if noticed at all by the legislature, only serve to confirm that body in the propriety of retaining its power lest it might perchance fall into the hands of such upright and public spirited men as yourself. The stockholders I trust are not to be deluded by your glaring misrepresentations. BANCO.
COMMUNICATION.
An anonymous writer in the last Virginia Gazette, has charged the Directors of the Bank of Virginia with gross mismanagement. Although it is a waste of time to read much more to answer, the effusions of every idle scribbler in the newspapers, yet, as the piece alluded to is written with that confidence, which ignorance so often assumes, and may, possibly, make an improper impression on distant and uninformed Stockholders, I beg leave, through the medium of the Enquirer, to reply to its malicious charges and insinuations.
The "Country Stockholder" mentions the dividends already made by the Union and Potomack banks, which were established about the same time with the Bank of Virginia, as evidence of their superior management. But is it fair to say that the Bank of Virginia has had the money of the Stockholders for more than a twelvemonth? The facts are these: one fifth of the capital (300,000 dollars) was paid by the Stockholders in May 1804, and lay idle until October following. In December 300,000 ds. more were paid; and in February and April the remaining instalments of 300,000 ds. each. Counting from October, when the bank commenced its operations, to this time, it is but ten months since even one fifth of the capital has been employed; and averaging the time that the whole 1200,000 ds. has been in hand, it amounts to but seven months now and six months in July; consequently, the Stockholders could have expected but six months interest, and of this, the state was entitled to one fifth. But in this time it will be recollected, that four separate banks were to be established, and of course a fourfold expense was incurred in providing houses, vaults, utensils, and in those no inconsiderable disbursements which are incident to the first establishment of every bank. Besides all this, there was an unavoidable delay in getting the branches into operation, whereby a part of the capital was unemployed some time after it was received. The other banks which have been lately established, were facilitated with the expence of but one office and one set of officers, and one of them had a capital double of that which was here divided amongst four.
The fall in the price of bank stock, is the next evidence of mismanagement. It is well known that there has been unusual commercial distress for some months past throughout the United States. The same scarcity of money which has lowered the prices of tobacco and flour has been felt by the stock, not only of the bank of Virginia, but of every other bank in the union, and even of the public funds. The directors have no more to do with the present fall of bank stock than they had with its former extraordinary rise, and should no more be censured for the one than commended for the other. If they discount as liberally as they prudently can, and lose nothing by insolvencies, they do all which the stockholders can reasonably require of them; and all, in fact within the compass of their abilities. The price of all stock whatever is affected by the plenty or scarcity of money, and the narrower or more enlarged field for mercantile adventure, as well as the public confidence in those who manage it; and it occasionally rises and falls for reasons that are sometimes right and sometimes wrong. Alexandria bank stock could be bought in 1800 at 10 per cent. below par, and less than three years afterwards it was 45 per cent. above it. An idle rumour, or a newspaper paragraph has often raised or lowered the price of stocks in London; and although we are not yet familiar with the practice of stockjobbing, the time may be not far distant when such writers as the Country Stockholder, will try their powers this way.
The directors are also accused of refusing to give dollars for their own notes. It is true that for four months ago, dollars were issued very sparingly from the bank of Virginia & its branches. The great demand for this species of coin for the East-India trade had occasioned a premium on them in the northern states, and as soon as the Virginia banks went into operation, agents were sent on for the express purpose of procuring them. If the bank had not checked for a time the emission of dollars it would soon have been drained of them, and the country now destitute of this convenient, and I may add, favorite coin.
The Directors of the Bank of Virginia are further charged with "pernicious folly" in refusing the notes of other Banks; and the large draughts of specie which have been made from the Bank, are ascribed to this cause. I do not certainly know what has been the practice of the Bank of Virginia, in this respect, but if it has been as is stated, I presume it seemed to the officers of the Bank, as it certainly seems to me, that no advantage could be derived from receiving foreign notes. The establishment of a Bank has a natural tendency to diminish a certain quantity of specie, from the country, for which the commodities of other countries are received in return; in which operation, according to Adam Smith, consists the chief benefit of banks. If this be the case, it certainly was of no importance, whether the specie went at once, or the bank notes went first, and then returned to be exchanged for specie. Again, money is the great equipping principle of trade; and when ever the intercourse between two countries, one of them receives more than it pays, money then flows in from the other to restore its natural level. If Virginia is indebted to Baltimore for the goods sold to the merchants of the upper country or for any other cause, if she does not discharge the whole debt in merchandise she must pay the balance in money. The demands that have been lately made on the bank of Virginia are an evidence that such a balance was due to Baltimore, and the money that would be preferred for remittance, would be the notes of Baltimore Banks, and where these could not be obtained, Virginia notes would be referred to. If then a part of the Baltimore notes in circulation had been received into the Bank of Virginia, it is clear that more of our notes would have been sent on, and of course, more would have returned upon the bank for specie; by which operation, although the Bank would not have gained, it is as certain it could not have gained. To give an illustration that is adapted to this writer's comprehension: If A owes B 100 dollars, it makes no difference whether he pay the whole money to B, or purchase B's note for 50 ds. for the like of discount and pays the remaining 50 in cash. It must be admitted that when they have accumulated to a large amount in foreign banks, is not the mode in which it is most desirable our notes should return; but this good consequence results from their being received abroad; they are in general demand to make remittances, whereby their credit is extended, & the field of their circulation eventually enlarged.
It is not easy to say whether the insinuation that several hours had been borrowed each 100,000 ds. of the bank, was most dictated by ignorance or malevolence; but no man of common sense or candor will think it probable that the bank of Richmond with a capital of but 400,000 dollars would grant any four or five houses as much as it is suggested is obtained by one.
This writer affords a fair specimen of his acquaintance with a subject which he has handled so copiously, in supposing that the amount of money discounted depended upon the number of discount days. Could he not have supposed that the directors did the same business now which they had done before; & that the change which might have been desirable before, was made now that the days had increased in length, the clerk had become more expert, and the complete establishment of the offices had left them able to do that business in one day which they formerly divided between two? I understand the fact to be, that the weekly discount is precisely the same now that it was before; and it was as easy for this sapient Stockholder to have conceived this, as that as much rain sometimes fell on his plantation in one week as at other times fell in two.
I know not whence it is inferred that an unfavourable opinion is entertained of the capacity of country gentlemen; when those characters who are the pride & ornament of Virg. chiefly reside in the country; and when there are so many men of talents and information dispersed in every the remotest part of the state. If however the directors of the Bank of Virginia have fallen into so strange an error, it must be because their acquaintance has been confined to such as this "Country Stockholder."
I never heard before that Col. Carrington resigned his seat from any disagreement with his associates; on the contrary it has been said that the most perfect harmony has existed at the board of directors from its first commencement to this day.
Knowing how extremely alive most people are to whatever concerns their money, I have thus endeavoured to repel the charges that are so liberally cast on a set of men, whose conduct I believe to be unexceptionable; and from whom neither the talents nor breeding of the "Country Stockholder" were entitled to a reply. Before I conclude, I would remark to the writer that if he is really a Stockholder, and feels the anxiety for the institution which he professes, he has discovered the most "egregious folly" in endeavouring to give an alarm to the very great number of those, who like himself, are weak enough to listen to every idle suggestion.
If his object was merely to make a figure in the papers, I would advise him to choose hereafter some subjects which he better understands; but if his main purpose was to undervalue the stock for the sake of purchasing on better terms, the greatest success he could hope to obtain, would but poorly compensate him for the ridicule and contempt he has so fully incurred.
A CITY STOCKHOLDER. August 11, 1805.
COMMUNICATION.
To the Editor of the Enquirer.
At a moment when the public mind is anxiously excited by events of the highest importance between contending fleets on the Atlantic; or is occupied with contemplating future sources of wealth in the interior of Louisiana and on the shores of the Pacific, the writer of the following chemical observations does not flatter himself that many of your readers will attend to the full unobtrusive voice of science or the silent and obscure, though important, operations of nature in a small subterraneous cave. Yet when he considers the immense consequence of saltpetre not only to individuals but in a national point of view, and also your attachment to chemical pursuits, he flatters himself you will readily give his observations an early insertion in your paper with a hope that some individual near the spot may be induced to investigate the subject: even if unacquainted with chemistry, should any one only publish a particular description of these caves with the manner of obtaining the saltpetre, they may, through the medium of your paper, receive some useful hints towards rendering the commodity more merchantable; when instead of importing, it might be made an object of exportation and always assure to the government of the United States a domestic supply of this indispensable article.
Henrico, August 10, 1805.
CHEMICAL ENQUIRIES.
Notwithstanding chemistry has within these last twenty or thirty years received such immense acquisitions as to become an almost entire new science with a complete revolution in its nomenclature: still one of its most important branches, that of Alkalies, remains enveloped in doubt and obscurity. The negligence of chemists on the composition of the fixed alkalies is truly surprising, since we appear to have nearly obtained as perfect a theory on this branch as on that of acids. The experiments of Berthollet completely prove both by analysis and synthesis, that volatile alkali is formed of Azot and Hydrogen. He, & other chemists have also nearly demonstrated, that soda or the mineral alkali is composed of Azot and Magnesia. There then only remains to ascertain experimentally, the composition of Potash, or fixed vegetable alkali, to arrive at a very important and desirable change in the language of chemistry; for should it be proved by decisive and well conducted experiments, what has long been supposed, that Potash is the result of the chemical union of Azot and Lime, the change in the term Azot, a term not only applicable to it but to every other gas to be changed, as to nitrogen &c. &c. would at once become evident and placed on as firm a basis as that of oxygen itself. For by receiving a name expressive of its being the principle of Alkalization, the language of chemistry would become more exact and its theory more extensive and consistent.
That Azot and Lime are the component parts of Potash, there is every reason to conclude, not only from analogy, but from several operations in nature which cannot be accounted for on any other supposition. I am well aware theoretic conclusions of this kind will have but little weight with chemists of the present day, who very properly admit nothing that is not proved by the most exact and scrupulous experiments. The writer of this would be happy if his present situation allowed him to conduct a series of experiments on the principle of Alkalization, and which he would gladly communicate to the public, but since from different laborious avocations he himself prevented, he will be sufficiently repaid should these observations, particularly those that follow, induce others more fortunately situated to consider the subject and thro' the medium of the Enquirer make known the result of their experiments.
No situation would be more likely to elucidate the subject, than a residence near the caves producing Nitre in the Western parts of Virginia: for when we cannot account for its formation on any other principle than that part of the azot in the atmosphere of the cave unites with the lime stone of its surrounding sides forming potash, and another part with oxygen producing nitrous gas, nitrous or nitric acid; saltpetre it is well known, being composed of Potash and the Nitrous acid. The circumstances attending this complicated process are highly worthy the serious attention of every chemist situated in their neighbourhood. It is also worthy of observation that the process is begun and carried on under circumstances very different from what takes place in other chemical combinations. Light and Caloric, those powerful agents in most chemical changes, are in this generally below the state of the atmosphere on the surface of the earth; this also is the case in other places where saltpetre is formed, as on the walls of our plastered cellars.
Gentlemen with a taste for chemical pursuits residing in the lime stone country, near one of these caves, would aid the cause of science by attentively observing the alterations that take place in the air of these caverns, particularly if they possess, or could procure, a good Eudiometer and Hydrometer. The nature of the country and the circumstances under which saltpetre is formed in Bengal and Berar has been long in possession of the British and consequently much frequented by learned Europeans.
Hence the term Alkaligen.
The robbery of the Bank of Baltimore, and of a clerk in the bank of Columbia, have attracted considerable notice. May not the following circumstances be connected with one of those events, especially the last?
Mr. Peter was robbed on Tuesday about 11 o'clock, on the road between George-Town and Alexandria. About 10 o'clock on Friday morning August 2nd: a middle sized man, swill set, with an adult and sun-burnt complexion and awfully deformed hair, between 30 and 35 years of age, appeared at the ferry near Shirley house opposite to Bermuda Hundred, under the most suspicious circumstances. Notwithstanding the excessive heat of the forenoon (the thermometer in the shade standing at 90 degrees) his new drab-coloured great coat was buttoned up almost completely to his chin: with its breath swill swelling out to a considerable magnitude. Its contents appeared to be wrapped up in folds of newspaper, from which he drew out the money that he was distributing among the 3 ferrymen and 3 servants who were present at the scene. The fine horse on which he was mounted, was a large dark chestnut horse, with a star on his forehead, and finer feet white and appeared almost exhausted by the labours of a long and rapid ride. Every thing about the rider denoted agitation and alarm. His countenance bespoke distress and even sorrow. Those who first saw him were struck with his anxiety to cross the ferry. Those who passed over with him, were irresistibly attracted by the disorders of his countenance and gestubation about him, but the symptoms and apparent workings of a remorseful conscience. He soliloquized: He gave way to emotions which he was unable to repress, in those dying accents of distressed afflitions, that more critical observers might have been able to interpret. "How one been there to escape after that!" "was there a guard on the opposite side of the ferry?" were questions which apparently pointed out
that he either was or desired to be the object of pursuit. Nothing was caught by his companions which told how he was so much disturbed or whether he was going. He simply observed by way of deception that he had come that morning from Richmond and was proceeding homewards. It is worthy of the inhabitants of Petersburg, to make some enquiry into the movements and conduct of such an extraordinary and suspicious character.
We shall commence, in the next Tuesday's paper, the VINDICATION of Mr. Jefferson's conduct. From vouchers which even incredulity itself shall not dare to doubt, we shall prove him guiltless of the infamous charges which have been heaped upon his head. Now then, let Mr. Turner tremble!!
COMMUNICATION.
ON ISAIAH, C. 42, V. 6 and 8, Applied to the death of JANE CARY.
1. The morning flowers display their sweets, And gay their silken leaves unfold; As careless of the noon-day heats, And fearless of the evening cold.
2. Nip'd by the wind's unkindly blast, Parch'd by the sun's direst ray, The momentary glories waste, The short-lived beauties die away.
3. So blooms the human face divine, When youth its pride of beauty shows; Fairer than spring the colours shine, And sweeter than the virgin rose.
4. Or worn by slowly-rolling years, Or broke by sickness in a day; The fading glory disappears, The short-lived beauties die away.
5. Yet these new rising from the tomb, With lustre brighter far shall shine; Revive with ever-during bloom, Secure from sickness and decline.
6. Yes, Jane still lives! in realms above, Seraphic notes employ her tongue; Her maker's praise, her favour's love, Th' exhaustless subject of her song.
7. Mourn then not hopeless for the dead, Nor murmur that few days were given; Jesus has death in triumph led; The grave is but the gate of Heav'n.
8. Let sickness blast and death devour, If Heav'n must recompense our pain; Perish the grass, and fade the flower, If firm the word of God remain.
An Epitaph proposed for the same.
HERE LIES INTERRED
JANE CARY;
Adorn'd in life with innocence visible,
And,
As far as we can guess of angels,
In angel's form.
She was snatch'd away in her 14th year;
An event
Not less poignant to her friends,
Than happy to herself.
With every dawning charm of mind and face,
Heav'n call'd her hence its purest joys to grace.
NOTICE.
THE subscribers, having been appointed administrators on the estate of the late Mr. William Wisham, all persons indebted to the said estate, are desired to make payment to John A. Chevallie, acting administrator, and those having claims against the estate, will be pleased to render their accounts to him, for adjustment.
E. CARRINGTON, J. A. CHEVALLIE. August 13.
FOR LONDON, THE fast sailing Ship SEY, now at Norfolk, and ready to receive a cargo immediately at the moderate freight of £. 4 per hhd. and 5 per cent. primage. Apply to Maitland & Christian, Peterburg, William Harthorne, jun. Norfolk, or to THOMAS & AMOS LADD. Richmond, August 13. (ep tf.)
NOTICE.
A PETITION will be presented to the General Assembly of Virginia, at the next session, praying that an act may pass to incorporate a company for the purpose of cutting a Canal on the south side of the falls of James River, or otherwise improving the navigation of the river for the passage of Batteaux; and also for the establishment of a Bank in the town of Manchester. August 13.
THE subscriber, begs leave to acquaint his friends in Richmond, that he has commenced business since last April, in New-York, and will be happy to receive consignments of produce, and transfer commission business, upon which occasional advances will be made. DAVID WYLLIE. The subscriber will remain in Richmond, until the 10th next month. Any person wishing to communicate upon business, will please to apply to Mr. William Long, Bridge-street. August 13. (ep tm.)
THE subscriber proposes to practise law, in the Court of Appeals, and wishes his friends to consider him, hereafter, as a member of the bar, of that court. He will continue his practice in the common-law, and Chancery District courts of Staunton, and in the quarterly terms of the county courts, which he now attends. As soon as he can finish his little business, in the monthly terms, he will decline attending them. CHAPMAN JOHNSON. Staunton, August 13. (St law.)
EIGHT DOLLARS REWARD, RAN AWAY on Friday the 9th inst. a negro woman by the name of ELSE, of a middling size, dark complexion, has a file on her countenance when spoken to. She will probably appear in a black Silk or white Muffin gown, as she has many very good clothes, and is fond of dress. She will, I expect make towards Hanover town, or King William, where she is well known and acquainted. The above reward will be paid on her delivery to the subscriber in Richmond. EDWARD HALLAM. August 13. (tf.)
ROBERT GORDON, & Co, HAVE imported by the Jason, just arrived from Madeira, and now landing at Rockets, a quantity of Wine from Murdoch Maiterson, & Co. the house from which they have heretofore had their supplies of this article—also, a parcel from Scott, & Co. They have every reason to hope that both these parcels will prove to be very fine, being assured by the shippers, that better never has been sent to the United States. They are likewise just receiving a few pipes hds. and qr. casks of Red Port, of the first quality; and have on hand a parcel of dry Lisbon Wine, both imported by themselves—direct from Oporto and Lisbon. Their general assortment of goods is very complete, amongst which they have—12000 Bls. of Pepper, in bottoms and Sheets of all dimensions, and weights suitable for fits; a fresh supply of Bolting Cloths, from No. 2 to 7; a quantity of Superior Blue and Black Broad Cloth of rich ware, at 3 dollars per yard; & Irish Linens from 5/6 to 1/2 per yard, to low priced August 13—(copy law 4w.)

SAVAGE OF AVEYRON.
It is a curious and interesting question: what would be the improvement of a human being, that was cut off from all intercourse with his fellows, and left to the uninterrupted exercise of his own powers? Some philosophers have attempted to answer it, by examining the condition of man in what they call a state of nature; and in this state, they have ranked all those wandering tribes of savages, who are scattered over both the continents. But these experiments do not apply to the problem before us. These savage nations are much less civilized than ourselves, yet they are not properly in a state of nature. There is an incessant intercourse between the members, that compose them. They have a language for the mutual communication of their thoughts and feelings. Every moment they are subjected to the power of imitation and the influence of society. In such a situation, the ideas of a man are no longer his own. Every moment prevents him from exhibiting that curious character, which would be incident to man, in a perfectly insulated condition.
Such a model is in fact no where to be found, except in those human monitors which were caught in the woods of Europe during the course of the 17th and at the beginning of the 18th centuries. Of these astonishing non-descripts, not more than ten had been discovered in the time of Linnaeus, and yet so different was their character from that of the ordinary appearance of humanity, that this discriminating naturalist has even exhibited them as forming a variety of the human species. It is in these beings, that we are to seek and study the genuine stamp of unadulterated nature. It is by those, who have come into existence in the full possession of their faculties, and who were cut off from Society ere they had learned to profit by its instructions, that we are to solve this interesting problem. When the history of one of those astonishing beings has been once exhibited, it would not be difficult to infer, from what was wanting in him, the sum of that knowledge and those ideas for which man is indebted to his social education. Such was the precise object, which the ingenious Itard attempted to accomplish when he undertook the introduction of the Savage of Aveyron.
Nine months after the commencement of his labours, he published a thin duodecimo pamphlet; from which we have selected the following incidents. Every part of this production breathes the air of sanguine hope. Every part of it contains experiments, from which the intelligent physician has augured the most extensive improvement. Few readers will however partake of the enthusiastic expectations of the author. If the Savage of Aveyron made any advances in improvements, we must confess that they are slow & unsatisfactory; & a recent report of uncertain rumour has assured me, that these experiments have failed; for that the Pupil of Itard had been found to be no more an Ideot.
If this report be correct, the history of the wild boy of Aveyron will not in the slightest degree affect our original problem. The question was not, how far an Ideot left to himself was capable of improvement, but how much a human being could do for himself, for whom nature had done as much as for the rest of her species. Or is it to be inferred that it was not nature but his defective situation which formed him into an Ideot? If the latter conclusion be adopted, the problem which we have brought into view, is for ever decided.
If this report be correct, still the observations of Mr. Itard will not be altogether unavailing. The history of the Savage of Aveyron will then be regarded as the history of the mind, education and improvement of an Ideot. It will exhibit another instance in which the dominion of nature is abridged by the ingenuity of art, and a mind is advanced to a certain degree of knowledge which nature appeared to have doomed to an eternal imbecility.
There is one criticism which must be made upon the following theory of Mr. Itard. When such salutary effects were produced by the use of the warm bath, was it just to attribute them to the influence of the heat alone? Or was it not rather the swimsuit itself, which infused life and sensibility into the system? Let this inference be once admitted, and who will deny to the warm bath its salutary virtues?
OF THE FIRST DEVELOPEMENTS OF THE YOUNG SAVAGE OF AVEYRON.
A CHILD, about eleven or twelve years of age, who had been seen some time before in the woods of Caune, in France, looking after acorns and roots, upon which he subsisted, was met in the same place, towards the close of the year 1798, by three sportsmen, who seized upon him at the instant he was climbing a tree to evade their pursuit. They conducted him to a neighbouring village, and put him under the care of an aged matron; from whom, however, before the end of a week, he contrived to escape, and fled to the mountains, where he wandered about during the severity of a most rigorous winter, clad only in a tattered shirt. At night he retired into solitary places, approaching, as the day advanced, the neighbouring villages; and in this manner he passed a vagrant kind of life, till the time in which, of his own accord, he sought refuge in a dwelling-house in the Canton of St. Serin. Here he was retained and taken care of for two or three days, and from thence was sent to the hospital of St. Afrique, afterwards to Rhodéz, where he was kept for several months. During his abode in these different places, he appeared to be always equally wild, impatient of restraint, and capricious in his temper, continually endeavouring to get away, affording materials for the most interesting observations, which were collected by a person worthy of the utmost credit, and which I shall not fail to relate in those parts of the following Essay where they may be most advantageously introduced. A clergyman, distinguished as a patron of science and general literature, conceiving that, from this event, some new light might be thrown on the moral science of man, obtained permission for the child to be brought to Paris. He arrived there about the end of the year 1799, under the care of a poor but respectable old man, who, being obliged to leave him soon after, promised to return, and be a father to him, if, at any time, he should be abandoned by Society.
The most brilliant but unreasonable expectations were formed by the people of Paris respecting the Savage of Aveyron, before he arrived. Many curious people anticipated great pleasure in beholding, what would be his amazement at the sight of all the fine things in the capital. On the other hand, many persons eminent for their superior understanding, foreseeing that our organs are less flexible, and imitation more difficult, in proportion as man is removed from society, and the period of his infancy, thought that the education of this individual would be the business of only a few months, and that they should very soon bear him make the most striking observations concerning his past manner of life. Instead of this, what did they see?—a disgusting, slovenly boy, affected with spasmodic, and frequently with convulsive motions, continually balancing himself like some of the animals in the menagerie, biting and scratching those who contradicted him, expressing no kind of affection for those who attended upon him; and, in short, indifferent to every body, and paying no regard to any thing.
It may be easily imagined that a being of this nature would excite only a momentary curiosity. People came together in crowds; they saw him, without properly observing him; they passed their judgment on him, without knowing him; and spoke no more on the subject. In the midst of this general indifference, the administrators of the National Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, and its celebrated director, did not forget, that society, in drawing to herself this unfortunate youth, had contracted towards him indispensable obligations which she was bound to fulfil. Entering, then, into the hopes which I had conceived from a course of medical treatment, they determined that he should be entrusted to my care.
Obligated to return to facts already known, I shall unfold them in few words; and that I may not labour under the suspicion of being exaggerated, them with a view of enhancing the importance of those which I shall operate to them, I may be excused if I give an
analytical description of the case, which a physician, as highly esteemed for his genius and skill in observation, as for his profound knowledge in the diseases of the mind, read to a learned Society, to which I had the honour of being admitted.
Beginning with an account of the sensorial functions of the young savage, Citizen Pinel represented to us his senses as in such a state of inertia, that this unfortunate youth was found, according to his reports, very inferior to some of our domestic animals. His eyes were without steadiness, without expression, wandering from one object to another, without fixing upon any thing; so little instructed in other respects, and so little experienced in the sense of touch, that he was unable to distinguish between an object in relief and a painting; the organ of hearing was alike insensible to the loudest noises and to the most charming music; that of the voice was still more imperfect, uttering only a guttural and uniform sound: his sense of smell was so little cultivated, that he seemed to be equally indifferent to the odour of the finest perfumes, and to the most fetid exhalations; finally, the sense of feeling was limited to those mechanical functions which arose from the dread of objects which might be in his way.
Proceeding to the state of the intellectual faculties of this child, the author of the report exhibited him to us as incapable of attention (unless as it respected the objects of his wants,) and consequently of all the operations of the mind which depended upon it; destitute of memory, of judgment, even of a disposition to imitation; and so bounded were his ideas, even those which related to his immediate wants, that he could not open a door, nor get on a chair to obtain the food which was put out of the reach of his hand; in short, destitute of every means of communication, attaching neither expression nor intention to the gestures and motions of his body, passing with rapidity, and without any apparent motive, from a state of profound melancholy, to bursts of the most immoderate laughter; insensible to every species of moral affection, his discernment was never excited but by the stimulus of gluttony; his pleasure, an agreeable sensation of the organs of taste; his intelligence, a susceptibility of producing incoherent ideas, connected with his physical wants; in a word, his whole existence was a life purely animal.
I reduced to five principal heads the moral treatment or education of the Savage of Aveyron. My objects were,
 1st. To attach him to social life, by rendering it more pleasant to him than that which he was then leading, and, above all, more analogous to the mode of existence that he was about to quit.  2d. To awaken the nervous sensibility by the most energetic stimulants, & sometimes by lively affections of the mind.  3d. To extend the sphere of his ideas, by giving him new wants, and by increasing the number of his relations to the objects surrounding him.  4th. To lead him to the use of speech by subjecting him to the necessity of imitation.  5th. To exercise frequently the most simple operations of the mind upon the objects of his physical wants; and, at length, by inducing the application of them to objects of instruction. 
[The subsequent parts of this little treatise are divided into five sections, in conformity to this general division; each section containing an account of the experiments which were made to accomplish each of those objects. From the second section, which contains the most interesting and the most effectual experiments that were made upon the Savage of Aveyron, we have selected the following observations:]
MY second object was to awaken the nervous sensibility by the most powerful stimulants, and sometimes by lively affections of the mind.
Some modern physiologists have presumed, that sensibility is in exact proportion to the degree of civilization. I do not think that a stronger proof can be given in favour of this opinion, than the small degree of sensibility in the sensorial organs, which was observable in the case of the Savage of Aveyron. We may be perfectly satisfied, merely by casting our eyes over the description that I have already exhibited, and which is founded on facts that I have derived from the most authentic sources. I shall here add, in connection with the same subject, some of my own most interesting and important observations.
Frequently, during the course of the winter, I have seen him, whilst he was amusing himself in the garden belonging to the asylum of the Deaf and Dumb, suddenly squat down, half naked, on the wet turf, & remain exposed in this way, for hours together, to wind and rain. It was not only to the cold, but also to the most violent heat, that his skin, and sense of touch, shewed no kind of sensibility. It frequently happened, when he was near the fire, and live coals have fallen out of the grate, that he snatched them up, and threw them back again with the most perfect indifference. We have more than once found him in the kitchen, taking away, in the same manner, potatoes out of the boiling water, and I know that he had, at that time, a skin of very fine and delicate texture. I have often given him large quantities of snuff, without exciting any disposition to sneeze; which is a perfect proof, that in this case there did not exist between the organ of smell, and those of respiration & light, that kind of sympathy which is apt to induce either sneezing, or the secretion of tears. This last symptom was still less liable than the other to be produced by painful affections of the mind; and in spite of numberless contradictions, in spite of the fever and apparently cruel measures made use of, especially during the first months of his new life, I never once caught him in the act of shedding tears.
Of all his senses, his ear seemed to be the most completely insensible. But it was remarkable that the noise occasioned by the cracking of a walnut, a fruit of which he was particularly fond, never failed to awaken his attention. The truth of this observation may be depended upon: and yet this very organ betrayed an insensibility to the loudest noises, to the explosions, for instance, of fire-arms. One day fired two pistols close by his ear; the first produced some emotion, but the second merely made him turn his head with apparent indifference.
Thus, in selecting some such cases as this, in which the defect of attention, on the part of the mind, might appear like a want of sensibility in the particular organ, it was found, contrary to first appearances, that this nervous power was remarkably feeble in almost all the senses. Of course it made part of my plan to develop the sensibility by every possible means, and to lead the mind to a habit of attention, by exposing the senses to the reception of the most lively impressions.
Of the different means which I made use of, the effect of heat appeared to me to accomplish in the most effectual manner the object I had in view. It is an idea admitted by physiologists, and men learned in political science, that the inhabitants of the southern climates are inclined to the action of heat, on the surface of the skin, for that exquisite sensibility which is superior to theirs who live in the northern regions. I made use of this stimulus in every kind of way. I did not think it sufficient to provide him with comfortable clothing, a warm bed and lodging room, but I thought it likewise necessary to put him in the hot bath for two or three hours every day, during which, water at the same temperature as that of the bath was frequently dashed on his head. I did not observe that the heat and repetition of the bathings were followed by their usual debilitating effect which might have been expected. I wished that this might have happened, being perfectly convinced that, in such a case, the loss of molecular force is advantageous to the nervous sensibility. At any rate, if this subsequent effect did not take place, the first did not disappoint my expectation. After some time our young savage appeared evidently sensible to the action of cold—made use of his hand in order to ascertain the temperature of the bath, and would not go into it if it was not
Large: Idée de l'homme physique et moral. Larache: Analyse des fonctions du système nerveux. Fouquet: article Sensibilité de l' Encyclopédie par d'Alembert et Diderot. Monuquier: Esprit des Lois, livre XIV.
sufficiently warm. The fame cause led him very soon to appreciate the utility of that clothing to which before he barely submitted. As soon as he appeared to perceive the advantage of clothes, there was but a single step necessary to oblige him to dress himself. This end was obtained, in a few days, by leaving him every morning exposed to the cold within the reach of his clothes, until he found out the method of putting them on himself. An expedient very similar effected the purpose of leading him into habits of neatness and cleanliness; as the certainty of passing the night in a cold and wet bed induced the necessity of his rising in order to satisfy his natural wants.
In addition to the use of the warm bath, I prescribed the application of dry friction to the spinal vertebrae, and even the tickling of the lumbar regions. This last meant seemed to have the most stimulating tendency: I found myself under the necessity of forbidding the use of it, when its effects were no longer confined to the production of pleasurable emotions; but appeared to indicate some danger of awakening the sensations of premature puberty.
Such were, among a multitude of others, the stimulants, as well physical as moral, with which I laboured to develop the sensibility of his organs. These means produced, after the short space of three months, a general excitement of all his sensitive powers. By that time the touch shewed itself sensible to the impression of all bodies, whether warm or cold, smooth or rough, soft or hard. At that period I wore a pair of velvet pantaloons, over which he seemed to take a pleasure in drawing his hand. It was by his touch that he generally ascertained whether his potatoes were sufficiently boiled; he took them from the bottom of the pot with a spoon; he then laid hold of them, repeatedly, with his fingers, and afterwards decided, from the degree of hardness or softness, whether to eat them or to throw them back into the boiling water. When a piece of paper was given him to light a candle, he held them until the wick caught fire, but hastily threw away the paper before the flame was near touching his fingers. After having been induced to push or to carry a body that was either hard or heavy, he held them until he drew away his hands on a sudden, to look attentively at the end of his fingers, although they were not in the slightest degree bruised or wounded, and to put them in a leisurely manner in the opening of his waistcoat. The sense of smell had been, in a similar manner, improved in consequence of the change which had taken place in his constitution. The least irritation applied to this organ excited sneezing; and, I presumed, from the horror with which he was seized the first time that this happened, that it was a thing altogether new to him. He was so much agitated as even to throw himself on his bed.
The improvement of the sense of taste was still more remarkable. The articles of food with which this child was fed, for a little time after his arrival at Paris, were shockingly disgusting. He trailed them about the room, and eat them out of his hands that were besmeared with filth. But at the period of which I am now speaking, he constantly threw away, in a pet, the contents of his plate, if any particle of dirt or dust had fallen upon it; and, after he had broken his walnuts under his feet, he took pains to clean them in the nicest and most delicate manner.
At length diseases, even the diseases which are the inevitable and troublesome results arising from a state of civilization, added their testimony to the development of the principle of life. Very early in the spring our young savage was affected with a violent cold; and some weeks after, with two attacks of a similar nature, one almost immediately succeeding the other.
These symptoms, however, were confined only to some of the organs; those of the sight and hearing were not at all affected by them: evidently because these two senses, being much less simple than the rest, required a minute and more protracted education, as will appear from the sequel of this history. The simultaneous improvement of three senses, that was produced in consequence of the stimulants applied to the skin, at the same time that these two last remained stationary, is an important fact, and deserves a particular attention from physiologists. It seems to prove, what from other sources appeared not improbable, that the sense of touch, of smell, and of taste, are merely different modifications of the organ of the skin; whilst those of the ear and the eye, being less exposed to external impressions, and enveloped with a covering much more complicated, are subject to other laws of ameliorations, and ought, on that account, to be considered as constituting a class perfectly distinct.
¶ These we have omitted.
1500 DOLLARS REWARD.
HIGHWAY ROBBERY.
YESTERDAY about 11 o'clock in the forenoon Mr. John Peter, an Officer of the Bank of COLUMBIA, was stopped on Horseback on the Road between this Town and Alexandria, and within about 2 miles of the latter place, by some unknown villain, shot through the Body with a Pistol, and robbed of a Sum of Money in his possession belonging to this Institution, which he was taking to Alexandria, for the purpose of exchanging with the Bank there. The whole sum taken amounted to Eighteen Thousand One Hundred and Fourteen Dollars and Sixty Five Cents, made up in several packages, among which were
 1 Post note of the Bank of Virginia for 800 dolls.  1 ditto of the Bank of Alexandria for 500  1 ditto of the same for 500  1 ditto of the same for 450  1 ditto of the Bank of Potomac 149 65 cts. 
A check of the Union Bank, on the Bank of Alexandria, drawn by R. Higginbotham, Cashr. in favor of Greetham and Devereaux, by them endorsed and by Benjamin Stooddeart and C. Smith, Teller.
There were also a parcel of post notes of the Bank of Alexandria for 100 dolls. and for 50 dolls. each. The remainder was in current notes, principally of the banks of Alexandria and Potomac, and some few of the Bank of Virginia of different sizes and denominations.
As the ATTACK was SUDDEN, and the wound received of a nature to deprive Mr. Peter instantly of his senses, (altho' it is now hoped he will recover) the description obtained may not be very accurate. As far as we are informed—the man who perpetrated the act, is of middle stature, good countenance, and had a gentle appearance. He had on a dark blue or black coat, Nankin pantaloons, Boots, and a black hat, but was on FOOT and ALONE at the time, but may have had accomplices concealed, and will probably change his clothes.
Five Hundred Dollars will be given to any person or persons who will detect and bring to conviction the ROBBER; and One Thousand dollars additional for the recovery of the whole of the money, or in proportion for any smaller sum recovered—should there be accomplices, and one of them make a discovery, so that it leads to the conviction of the Robber—or to the recovery of the money he shall receive the above reward—and interest will be made to obtain his PARDON.
WILLIAM WHANN, Cashier of the Bank of Columbia. George-Town, July 31, 1805—(34.)
A PLEASANT RETREAT FROM TOWN
THE subscriber, living within two miles of Richmond, at a very healthy and pleasant situation, immediately on the stage road leading to Williamsburg, takes this method of informing his friends and the public, that he has opened A HOUSE OF ENTERTAINMENT, for the accommodation of travellers and others, who may favour him with their company.
The ladies and gentlemen of Richmond are respectfully informed, that those who may occasionally be d. d. as of spending some time in the country, may always be well accommodated.
He promises that every exertion shall be made on his part, to give general satisfaction; and hopes, from attention, to gain the patronage of the public. SAMUEL HILL. August 6.—(ep 3t.)
FOR SALE. THE PLANTATION whereon Major Thomas Callis now resides, and formerly the residence of Mr. David Anderson. This land is in the upper part of Hanover county, and near the Louisa line. The tract contains about four hundred ACRES, is remarkably healthy and well adapted to the culture of Corn, Wheat, and Tobacco. It is 23 miles from Richmond, and 30 from Hanover town. If this plantation is not sold by private contract before the 1st of September next, it will on that day be sold at public auction on the premises. One half of the money will be expected in hand, the balance to be paid on the 1st day of August 1805. For terms apply to Meriwether Jones, Esq. or to the subscriber living in this place. WILLIAM CALLIS. Augusta 6. cpts.
BY VIRTUE of a deed of Trust, executed to the subscriber by John Williamson, Jr. of the County of Henrico, to secure the payment of sundry debts therein acknowledged to be due to satisfy sundry executions, for which Capt. John Williamson stands bound, as his security, together with the expense necessary to carry the trust into execution; WILL BE SOLD, to the highest bidder, for ready money, on the premises, on the twentieth of August next, one Hundred acres of LAND, being a part of the tract whereon the said Williamson now lives, and adjoining the land of Samuel Browning, about one mile above William Young's mill, and between five and six miles from Richmond. ELISHA PRICE. August 6. 3t.
BURR MILL STONES, OF ALL SIZES; and PLAISTER OF PARIS, of an excellent quality, FOR SALE, at Depot, BT. WILLIAM DAVIDSON, near the Market. Dec. 4. [sp1f.]
MILITARY CERTIFICATES. FOR SALE, Certificates of this State, bearing interest of 6 per cent. and receivable at the Treasury, for all arrearages of taxes, prior to the year 1798. WILLIAM PRICE, Cashr. Genl. M. A. S. May 10. ff.
NOTICE. ON the 23d day of May last the co-partnership of WM. M. ALLEN & JAMES CODY, under the firm of ALLEN & CODY, of Ca Ira, was dissolved by mutual consent. All persons indebted to Allen & Cody are desired to come forward and close their accounts by bond or otherwise—and all persons having demands against them, are requested to make them known, that they may be adjusted for payment. Either of the partners at Ca Ira are authorized to settle accounts or to make and receive payments. WILLIAM M. ALLEN, JAMES CODY. Cumberland, July 9. (ep8c.)
GEORGE WILY, BROKER & COMMISSION MERCHANT, Near the Basin, BUYS and sells all kinds of Produce—Also, Lands Lots, and houses, Bank Stock, &c.
He has for sale, LOTS No. 141, 2, 3, and 4, which make one entire square in Du-Val's addition—There is a good Spring attached to them. These lots are well worth the attention of any gentleman wishing to build a summer retreat for his family. July 23.—ff.
BROKER'S OFFICE. THE Subscriber has opened a Broker's Office, opposite the Union Tavern, and over the Counting-house of Thomas and Amos Ladd. All business confided to him, will be transacted with strict fidelity. THOMAS NORVELL. HE HAS FOR SALE, VIRGINIA BANK STOCK, on a credit to suit purchasers. July 26. ff.
LAND FOR SALE. WILL be offered for sale on the premises, on the 15th day of August next, that well known place called Prides-Ville, (formerly Stoney town) containing about four hundred and forty acres with uncommonly good improvements. viz : an excellent dwelling house, a large and commodious tavern, besides an elegant two story house, intended for a mason's hall, (there being a lodge now held here) and every necessary out house, stables, lumber houses, &c.
Also, a spacious Cow-House, all now in tolerable good repair. The quality of the Land is very good, particularly for wheat, and the stand as a tavern is profitable. Possession will be immediately given, so that the purchaser can avail himself of the advantage of sowing wheat. The terms are, one half of the purchase money payable at Christmas next, the other half of the purchase money payable Christmas twelve months, the purchaser giving bond with security to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid.
ALSO, for cash, ten or twelve NEGROES, consisting of men, women, boys and girls, all uncommonly likely and Virginia born.
ALSO, HOUSEHOLD AND KITCHEN FURNITURE of all kinds, viz : six or eight good beds, and furniture, a complete set of dining tables, an elegant mahogany desk and book case, chest of drawers, chairs, &c. besides a great number of articles too tedious to enumerate, a credit for the latter, for all sums above five dollars, will be given until Christmas next, the purchasers giving bond with good security to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid. JAMES TOWNES, Jr. Amelia, Prides-ville, August 2. cp 4t.
TO BE SOLD. On liberal credit, and in lots to suit purchasers, FROM two hundred and fifty to three hundred acres of LAND, in the county of Henrico, about four miles from Richmond—a distance which renders it but little liable to pillage, yet sufficiently near to one of the best and most improving markets in the United States.
The advantages of small farms near large towns, are so obvious and generally admitted, as not to require particular enumeration. Persons residing in the city with large families, and who are obliged to keep horses, would be able in one year to save more than the original purchase. For further particulars enquire of Mr. Thomas Norvell. May 14. [na8f.]
THE subscribers have taken a tenement in the large brick house, just below the termination of the Canal, where they propose to transact business on commission. They flatter themselves from the eligibility of the situation, with the extensive capital which they will employ in that line, together with unremitted attention, to give general satisfaction to those who may favour them with their company. JAMES C. ANTHONY, & Co. Taw St. August 6.
FOR SALE. A Very valuable Shoemaker. For terms apply to the Editor of the Enquirer. July 2. (Law. 2m.) July 23. (ct3w)
RAGS.
THE HIGHEST PRICE (IN CASH) WILL BE GIVEN AT THIS OFFICE FOR CLEAN LINEN & COTTON RAGS.
BENJAMIN STETSON, informs his friends and the public in general he has for sale, 400 gallons Holland's Linseed Oil, White Lead and Spanish Brown ground in Oil, Patent Green ground in ditto, Verdigris and Spanish Brown, dry; 8 by 10 Window Glass, & Putty; 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d, 6d, 8d, 10d, and 20d Nails, two Casks Spike Nails, Bar Iron, German and Blistered Steel; general assortment of Iron Hollow Ware; 10 Hds. Follies, French Brandy, West-India and New-England Rum, Tea, Coffee, Loaf and Brown Sugar, Chocolate, Menn, fine and coarse Shoes, Ladies Kid & Morocco and Leather Slippers; 8 Boxes Cotton and Wool Cards; afloat; half pint and quart Tumblers, small invoice elegant cut glass, stone ware, German Ozenburgs, 50 Casks Salt, Nova Scotia Grind Stones, and many other articles in store, which he will sell cheap for cash or country produce. April 2.—(law12m.)
POLITE ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR YOUNG LADIES.
AT WILLIAMSBURG. TO those who are acquainted with the excellent society of Williamsburg, a recommendation of it as an eligible scene for the education of Young Ladies, is unnecessary. Mr. & Mrs. Anderson, who continue to receive some pupils into their family, have endeavoured to add to the advantages of the situation, by forming an establishment, intended to unite, under the same roof, the various branches of female instruction and improvement. Parents, who feel interested on this subject, are invited to enquire into the merit of their institution. Letters addressed to Mr. L. Anderson, Post-Master, Williamsburg, will be duly attended to. June 13. (1d.)
NOTICE.
THE co-partnership of ROBERT GAMBLE & SONS, will be dissolved by mutual consent, on Saturday, the 11th instant. All persons indebted to the said firm, are earnestly entreated to make immediate payment to either of the subscribers. A compliance with this request will prevent the painful necessity of resorting to coercive measures. The books will be placed in the possession of Messrs. John and Robert Gamble Jun. who are authorised to settle all accounts due by, or to the concern. RO. GAMBLE. JOHN G. GAMBLE. RO. GAMBLE, Jr. Richmond, May 6th, 1805.
The subscribers take this method of informing their friends and the public, that they intend carrying on the mercantile business, under the firm of
JOHN & ROBERT GAMBLE JUN. They are now receiving by the ship Rolls, a choice selection of LONDON GOODS, and daily expect from Liverpool, a general assortment of HARDWARE, &c. suitable for the season—which will be sold by the piece, package or dozen, on the most moderate terms, for cash, merchantable country produce, or the usual credit to substantial and punctual customers.
They have on hand Madeira & Sherry Wine, Cognac Brandy, West-India Rum, Whiskey, Sugar, Pepper, Allum, Copperas and Brimstone, (in pipes, hds. and casks.) Cotton and Wool Cards, Patent Shot, Steel, Bar Iron, Hollow Iron Ware, German Scythes, Cutting Knives and Whetstones, Ozenburgs, Ticklenburgs and Brown Hessian, Sauf, Cut Herrings &c.
They also possess large and convenient Brick warehouses covered with slate , for receiving and storing Flour, Tobacco &c. Those gentlemen who favor them with consignments, will find their charges reasonable, and may rely on their best exertions to afford satisfaction.
The highest rates given for Bees-Wax, good Bear, Deer, and Otter skins, and other shipping Furs. JOHN G. GAMBLE. ROBERT GAMBLE, Jr.
The subscriber (Robert Gamble, Sen.) avails himself of this opportunity to thank his numerous friends for the very large share of patronage he has received in the Mercantile line—and hereby tenders to the public his future services as a Commission Merchant . He flatters himself, his long experience (with other circumstances unnecessary here to mention) entitles him to the confidence of those who may have business of that nature to transact in this city—affording such of his best exertions to merit approbation.
Those who yet remain indebted to the late firms of Gamble and Gratton, of Staunton, of Gamble & Tennant, Robert Gamble & Co. and Robert Gamble of the city of Richmond, are once more earnestly requested to make immediate payment of their respective balances. Such as continue regardless of this last notice cannot expect longer indulgence. RO. GAMBLE. Richmond, May 10, 1805. cp3w oawtf.
DOCTOR WILSON
HAS removed his Apothecary Shop to the lower floor of the Bell Tavern, where he has a general supply of
MEDICINES, PAINTS, & OTHER ARTICLES IN THE APOTHECARY LINE.
He takes the liberty to observe, that he has not an article of medicine but such as he uses in his own practice.
Physicians, merchants and others, who may be pleased to patronize him, shall be supplied on the most reduced terms.
Persons of needy circumstances, by paying the retail prices of his medicines, will be prescribed for gratis. May 21. (ttf.)
Richmond County Court, June 1805. IN CHANCERY. Vincent Redman, Compt.
Against Ann Y. McNeill, William R. Kel-fick, and Barnes Beckwith, Defts.
IT appearing to the Court, that the defendant, Ann Y. McNeill, is not an inhabitant of this State, and not having entered her appearance and given security according to law, and the rules of this court—on the motion of the complainant by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said Ann Y. McNeill, do appear here on the first Monday in August next, and answer the complainant's bill, and that a copy of this order be published in the Enquirer printed in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and a copy also posted at the front door of this court-house; and it is further ordered and decreed, that the defendants Kel-fick and Beckwith do not pay, convey away, or secrete the debts and effects due and belonging to the said Ann Y. McNeill, until the further order of the court in the premises. A Copy, teste, B. MC CARTY, C. R. R. July 6. (ct2m.)
NOTICE.
THE subscribers having purchased from Christian Veltman the exclusive right of making, using and vending to others to be used, within the United States, his PATENT METALIC HOME, do hereby forewarn all persons from making or vending the said Patent home, without authority from them. They also beg leave to inform the public that they carry on the business under the firm of JEFFREY COBBS &