The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1807-12-29 00:00:00

PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
VIRGINIA BANK STOCK, 102 3/4.
RICHMOND PRICES CURRENT.
Table with 3 columns: Item, D., C. Rows include TOBACCO, WHEAT, FLOUR, CORN, BACON, BEANS, HEMP, WHISKEY.
TO PRINTERS—FOR SALE, on very reasonable terms: About 500 wt. of BURGEIS, and 300 of BREVIAR: The same Type on which the ENQUIRER was lately printed.
SALES AT AUCTION.
Will be sold at Public Auction, without reserve, on Tuesday the 29th inst. the Schooner UNION, burden about 300 barrels, lying at John Craddock's wharf.
Likewise, at the dwelling-house of John Hall, dec'd. sundry articles of Household Furniture. Terms made known on day of sale.
PROSSER & MONCURE, Auct'rs. Richmond, Dec. 14, 1807. (ids.)
FOR SALE—Will be sold on the premises, by the subscribers, on Monday the 4th January next, a valuable HOUSE & LOT, situated on Shockoe Hill, on the main-street leading to the Capitol, at present occupied by Mr. Stanton—A credit of one, two and three years will be given, the purchasers giving a deed of trust on the property. PROSSER & MONCURE, V. M.
We shall also offer for sale the day following, five valuable half-acre LOTS, situated in Duvall's plat of the City of Richmond. Six and twelve months credit will be given the purchaser, giving approved negotiable notes.
PROSSER & MONCURE, V. M. Dec. 24. [epts.]
YOUNG NEGROES FOR SALE—Will be sold to the highest bidder, for cash, at Duvall's tavern, in Petersburg, on Wednesday the 13th January next, 25 young NEGROES. They are all young and likely, and consist of men, women and children. Should the above mentioned day be unlikely, or a sufficient number of purchasers from any cause not attend on that day, the sale will be continued from day to day till the whole are disposed of. JAMES DABNEY. Gloucester C. H. Dec. 24. (ids.)
RICHMOND BREWERY—Richard Witt, dec'd. William Wright and Jonathan Culling, jointly having leased the Brewery of Mr. Hay, lately occupied by Wm. Forrester & Co. will carry on the brewing business in all its branches, under the firm of Richard Wittfield & Co. who hope they will be able to furnish the citizens of Richmond and its vicinity with Beer and Porter, equal to any on the continent, at the rate of six dollars per barrel; private families may be accommodated with 10 or 15 gallon casks at their own houses on the same terms; any person wishing to try the properties of their Beer will be satisfied by calling at the Brewery, where all orders will meet the most prompt attention. N. B. Bakers and others may be supplied with excellent yeast for the purpose of making Bread. Persons who keep Kine or other Cattle may be furnished with grains (during the brewing season) on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Dec. 24. [24]
A TEACHER, who can teach the Latin and French Languages, the English Grammar, Arithmetic and Geography, who wishes a healthy situation in the country, may obtain an advantageous situation upon liberal terms; for further information, any person who wishes employment of that kind, is referred to the Editor of the ENQUIRER. Dec. 15. [ff]
WILLIAM TEMPLE, has received by the ship Herschell from Liverpool, and Calne from London, an extensive supply of MECHANDIZE, suitable to the present and approaching season, which he will sell low. Oct. 10. [ff]
FOR SALE—The subscriber is desirous of selling his PROPERTY in this City. The purchaser will be accommodated with time if required, on giving satisfactory security. SAM'L. GREENHOW. October 7. [ff]
VIRGINIA MILITARY CERTIFICATES, bearing an interest of 6 per cent. and receivable in the arrears of taxes, FOR SALE at a reduced price by Wm. PRICE, Cashier General M. A. Society. Nov. 24. (epgw.)
FEMALE EDUCATION will be continued at Mount-air, the ensuing year, under the direction of Miss Terrell; who will teach Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, English Grammar and Geography. The school will be opened on Monday the 18th January.
Terms—For Board and Tuition, each finding her own bedding, $100 per annum, paid quarterly in advance; and as provisions will be made in due time for the reception of boarders, no deduction can be made for entering a boarder after a part of the first quarter has elapsed nor for the necessary vacations. HUMPHREY HILL. Caroline, Dec. 17. [ff]
EDUCATION—The subscriber offering his unspotted thanks to those gentlemen who have manifested their confidence in him as a Teacher, proposes to continue his school at the same place the ensuing year. In this seminary youth will be instructed in the Greek, Latin and English Languages, Geography and the use of the Globes, the Elements of Geometry, with practical Surveying; Also, the Elements of Natural Philosophy, Writing and Arithmetic, Vulgar, Decimal and Analytical. The price of board, tuition, washing, bedding and fuel, will be an hundred dollars for the term, paid quarterly in advance, to commence on the fifteenth of January and end about the tenth of December following. THOMAS NELSON. Humanity Hall, Forks of Hanover, Dec. 22. [Law44]
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD—Lost on the Saddle-Bags of the Farmville Post-rider two water proof Locks, belonging to a double-barreled gun; the cock of the right hand lock was broken off with the part of the tumbler with which it was connected; the upper jaw and screw of the left hand lock were wanting. The above reward will be given to any person delivering them at the office of the Enquirer, or forwarding them to the subscriber—No questions asked. THOS. ROBINSON. Farmville, Prince-Edward, Dec. 19. [nawow]
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
TUESDAY, Dec. 8.
Debate on the bill from the Senate authorizing the building of gun-boats and for the defence of ports and harbors.
(CONTINUED)
Mr. Sloan said he rose to give the committee a little information on this subject, particularly the gentlemen from N. York and Massachusetts, who were so much alarmed on this occasion. Mr. S. then stated that during the revolutionary war, at the time the British army made an attack on Philadelphia, piers were sunk in the channel of the Delaware, in a direction suited to the position of the fort, and chains extended from one to the other. This fortified the port above completely, inasmuch that it detained the British vessels of war from proceeding further. He barely mentioned this historical fact to take off from the surprise which had been manifested by some gentlemen at this proposition.
The amendment was then agreed to Ayes 66.
Mr. Blount moved to fill the blank for the sum to be appropriated for fortification, with "one million." His reason for naming this sum was, that there remained in the Treasury unexpended of former appropriations about $123,000; 750,000 were sufficient to complete the fortification of those places which were susceptible of defence by means of fortifications; and it was believed, and he was authorized to say that the sum of $200,000 would be sufficient to erect the works in the harbor of N. Y. in case of the assent of the legislature.
The sum of $1,500,000 was then named.
Mr. Masters said that fortifications were one part of our defence, and gun boats were another. The select committee had reported both these modes in one bill, as intimately connected together. The sum for each object should be proportionate, according to the extent of their utility. The 188 gun boats which the bill provided for, would cost $940,000, and to keep them with those already built, in actual service, for one year, would cost the nation the additional sum of three millions of dollars. The sum of fifteen hundred thousand dollars, which he had moved for fortifications, bore no proportion to the other appropriation, according to the importance of the object; it was to be remembered that this sum was to be applied to more than thirty different places. He wished therefore the bill for building gun boats might not be hurried out of their hands, until he could have time to prepare an amendment to reduce the number of gun boats and provide for building some ships of war, unless the House would agree to raise the sum intended for fortifications, to enable the President to erect a formidable fort on Flag Staff Hill, and a battery on the shoal opposite, at the Narrows, to prevent enemy's ships sailing into the harbor of New-York. He had been informed by Captain Williams, who was a very skilful engineer, that a fort could be erected at the Narrows, which would discharge 180 heavy cannon in a minute. The fortifications on Governor's island and the contemplated works at the battery and on Bedlow's island, were only intended to prevent ships of war laying against and firing upon the town; no man in his senses would contend that these works with fifty gun boats to be assigned for New-York, were a sufficient defence for that important city. These gentlemen whose favorite system of defence was gun boats, he trusted would not object to a liberal appropriation for his system. He understood the honorable gentleman from Pennsylvania, (Mr. Smilie) to say, that he objected to any defence by frigates, because where one frigate was, another could come, and because gun boats could run out of the way. This argument amounts to this, (said Mr. M.) that frigates will have to fight, and gun boats to run out of the way to avoid fighting; and for that very reason he should prefer frigates, which would make a great addition to our national strength.
It had been said, if they have fortifications, they could not prevent an enemy from landing. The consideration for the House was, what places were most vulnerable to attack, and upon such places to erect fortifications. If an enemy could land near a city or town, it proved that forts and batteries were absolutely necessary, for the defence of such cities and towns. He discarded half-way measures; if a narrow selfish policy prevailed, the nation would experience the fatal effects of it. If the nation desponded, it would not be for the want of men or of small arms; it would be from their measures, and he feared their gun boats, would paralyse the whole system of national defence.
Mr. Flax said the gentleman last up had told them the sum was too small; the chairman of the committee of aggressions had made the enquiry of the proper officer, who's duty it was to make up the estimates and the result of that enquiry was reported to the House. That officer had told them what sum was necessary, and the House would not take the gentleman's declaration that there would be a deficiency; for he had produced nothing but assertion in support of his declaration. Were the committee, because a large sum made a respectable appearance, to appropriate more than was necessary to answer the purpose? He thought not; they had sufficient occasion for their money. The gentleman did not appear to recollect that Congress had, year after year, been granting money, millions he might say, for fortifications; if this had occurred to the gentleman, it might have lessened the inequality which he thought to exist. He was of opinion with the gentleman that they should make such appropriation as might be efficient; and although it had been said that the contemplated appropriation was a mere nothing, Mr. F. said, that it was not evidence to his mind that it was not enough.
Mr. Quincy wished the report of the Secretary at War to be referred to, in order to show the ineffectiveness of the gentleman from Vermont, who had stated that in some years past there had been millions appropriated for fortifications. Mr. Q. said, if his memory did not fail him, in — years there had been appropriated for that purpose only $340,000.
Mr. Gardner wished to have given his sentiments on this subject; but as he was not
this time unwell, he hoped the committee would rise to give an opportunity for further discussion.
After some conversation on this motion, the committee rose—Ayes 66—Nays 43—and the chairman reported progress in the gun-boat and fortification bills.
On a wish being expressed now to consider the bill, which passed through the committee of the whole, for building gun boats, it appeared that no agreement to the bill had been reported.
When, on motion that the House immediately resolve itself into committee of the whole on this bill, there were—Ayes 55—Nays 55. The Speaker decided in the affirmative.
The House being again in committee, Mr. Burwell moved that the committee now rise and report their agreement to the bill for building gun-boats, and report progress on the bill for fortifications.
A conversation of some length took place on the motion, when it was agreed to—Ayes 66—Nays 44.
The committee accordingly rose, and reported an agreement to that bill.
WEDNESDAY, December 9.
The House took up for consideration the bill for building gun-boats, yesterday reported by the committee of the whole.
Mr. Durrell said, as there appeared to be a considerable diversity of opinion on this gun-boat business, and as a number of gentlemen from the North did not readily fall into the scheme of the Southern gentlemen, and as he was from the North, he would state some reasons why this bill should not pass. He thought as every gentleman appeared to think, that this was a crisis which called for union and great exertion: the great object was to arm the nation to meet an event which they would be called to meet ere long. The question was now on one species of this arming, on which there were different opinions. He could have wished that the whole subject of defence could have been before the House at the same time, and that it could have been so considered. It appeared to be conceded on all hands that fortifications were necessary, and gun-boats might be useful to a certain extent; but something more than gun-boats were necessary, to wit: ships of war of some magnitude. This doctrine might be considered heresy in that body for aught he knew, but he felt it his duty to express his opinion on the subject.
It appeared that in addition to fortifications the precise number of 188 gun boats was called for: a question had been asked why that number was exactly calculated as being necessary; the chairman of the committee who reported the bill, states that this number was thought necessary by the Executive department. It was not to the system of gun boats that he had an objection, for he believed, that to certain extent they might be useful; but he did not believe that gun boats in connection with fortifications, would be the end for which they were acknowledged to be proper. In looking his eye over the documents before him, he perceived that gun boats were assigned to certain situations in the North, where he was confident they could never be of use. He was positive of this fact. Four gun boats were assigned to the port of Portsmouth, N. H. He would appeal to gentlemen in the house acquainted with the situation of that port, whether they seriously believed that four gun boats, or that twenty would be of any service there. It was impossible that they should; the situation of the port, the strength and rapidity of the tide were such that they could not be used.
The same observation would apply to a number of ports east of that; it was generally conceded that gun boats were not calculated for deep and turbulent waters, the Northern shores were not sand banks, and gentlemen seemed to think these were necessary to allow gun boats to defend even themselves.
He saw that for the ports of Norfolk and New-York there were assigned a large number of gun boats; he was inclined to believe that a number of frigates to the amount of the expense of these gun boats, would be more consonant with the wishes of the people in the mouth of the Hudson, than so many gun boats.
It had been stated in the course of debate on this subject, that these boats were a cheap defence, and easily attainable. Mr. D. said he had taken the trouble to make a comparative calculation of their expense; it was not to be sure from official documents before him, but it was sufficient to convince him, that they were at least equally expensive with ships of heavier metal. The House had before them a statement, in which the cost of gun-boats was precisely stated, and it would be found that the expense of building and supporting at sea 16 gun-boats for one year would amount to more than 280,000 dollars. He found by recurring to documents in his hand, the expense of British ships of war estimated at £1000 sterling per gun. Taking that calculation for the expenditure here, he found that a forty gun ship would amount to 242,000 dollars and rather more; which was less than building and supporting at sea for one year 16 gun-boats. He would appeal to any gentleman, (who had experience in naval affairs) if any such were within the walls of the House, whether a 44 gun ship, notwithstanding it belonged to the navy, and with this navy such as it was, had been denounced as a disgrace to the country, whether a 44 gun ship would not be of more effect and better calculated to protect that city and its trade, than 16 gun-boats?
One hundred and twenty-eight gun-boats to Norfolk and New-York. The expense of 64, one half of this number, would be fully equal to the expense of four 44 gun frigates; and he was of opinion that these, at one half the expense, would be considered by the gentlemen from Norfolk and New-York, and by the House, as better calculated than gun-boats to defend those ports. Mr. D. could see no reason why they should not have their choice in this respect. He therefore concluded with moving to strike out "188 gun-boats," and insert "124 gun-boats and four 44 gun frigates."
Mr. Blount called for a division of the question, wishing the first question taken on striking out.
Mr. B. said, however necessary such a measure as that proposed should be thought by the House, it was not necessary to interweave
it in this bill. If this bill were passed to-day, contracts might be entered into to-morrow, and the building of the boats immediately commenced. It was not to be expected that a proposal to add to our naval establishment, which had uniformly produced so much discussion, would pass through even this House in two weeks, which would be too long a delay of defensive operations. If the gentleman could convince him when the subject was before the House, that an increase of the navy was a necessary measure, he would vote for it with him; but the bill should not now be hampered by a proposition of this kind.
Mr. Gardner felt very conscious of the importance of fortifying the various ports and harbors of the U.S. and should give the bill his support on its passage; but he had been in hopes yesterday that the amendment proposed by the gentle man from Pennsylvania would have prevailed. He wished to see the system of gun boats put into operation, and to see the efficiency of that mode of defence properly tested. There appeared to be many different opinions on the subject; and he perceived the House would not be satisfied till the experiment was tried, and their utility known. He was willing that as many gun-boats as could be employed as was sufficient for defence in those waters where they might be useful; but he did not think they would be efficient in the Northern and Eastern ports of the U.S. He should be obliged to gentlemen if they would strike out a part of this number of gun boats, and appropriate the sum applicable to them to another mode of defence. There appeared to be a large majority in favor of the bill, but if they would be so condescending as to fortify the Northern ports in a way most agreeable to the people interested in their defence, he should feel gratified at it. He was in favor of the amendment, though he would rather a larger number should be stricken out; and hoped the question on striking out would be carried, whether ships of war were inserted or not.
It had been yesterday said by a gentleman from Virginia, that if a less number were built than that proposed, they would be useless. This argument could have no weight with those who did not think they would afford defence at all; but for his own part, he should vote for any thing in the shape of defence, till it should be found insufficient by experiment.
Notwithstanding all that had been said on the subject of gun-boats, he had not heard that they had ever been tried by nations who possessed other naval force. He hoped the number would be stricken out from a spirit of accommodation, and frigates substituted for the boats which were assigned to the ports north and east of N. York.
Mr. Blount said, that the House could do nothing on this subject, were they inclined, while it was under the consideration of a committee of the whole. The committee on our military and naval establishments had reported a blank resolution for building ships of war, which was referred to a committee of the whole. If gentlemen wished to have the whole subject before them, he would suggest to them a mode of doing it: throw all the reports from your tables, demolish the committees who made them, and erect one great committee of defence. He thought himself that this should have been done in the first instance; but as another method had been pursued, gentlemen would better promote the interest of their country, and their own views, by permitting this bill to pass, and they might then call up the report on the subject of a navy.
Mr. Thomas had been of opinion that it was proper to reduce this number of gun-boats, and that the number now proposed to be inserted was sufficient; but since a majority seemed in favor of the original number, he should acquiesce in it. When the subject of fortifications and other objects of defence should be taken up, he had no doubt but a liberal disposition would be manifested by the House.
Mr. Dacon observed that some gentlemen had undertaken in themselves to represent the whole northern part of the union, and had expressed their wishes that the House would condescend to listen to the united prayers of the representatives from those states. He only rose to say, that he for one protested against being considered as joining in that request. He was of opinion that the mode embraced by the bill would better accord with the sentiments of the people of the northern states, than that which those gentlemen had proposed. He had no intention to make any calculations on the subject, because he did not consider himself qualified to do it; but would barely observe that were the question fairly tried in the northern interest, those gentlemen would be found in the negative.
Mr. Gardner said he did not pretend to represent a larger portion of the northern country than fell to his lot; but the reason why he urged the expediency of this amendment, was that he perceived that one mode of defence was brought forward to drain a large sum of money from the treasury, which might exclude others; he also conceived that there was a propriety in uniting gun-boats and frigates together. This mode had been brought forward by the chairman of the committee of aggressions; and was to be crammed down their throats whether they would or not. Why should not the northern states have a chance for their mode of defence, as well as the southern states? He was willing those states should have them, but wished other states also to have their wish. They had been told that this mode was recommended by the heads of departments; he was only sorry that it was not recommended by higher authority.
Mr. Crowninshield said, he considered the present proposition as much the same with that which was yesterday offered in committee of the whole, and to which the committee was decidedly opposed. He trusted the decision of the House to-day would be the same as that of the committee yesterday. He thought his friend from New-Hampshire was extremely mistaken in his calculations of the comparative expense of gun-boats and frigates of 44 guns. It would be seen by the report of the Secretary of the navy, that the estimates for gun-boats would amount to about 5000 dollars; and he thought it would not go beyond it. Taking this for granted, the gentleman's calculations of expense must
fall to the ground. Mr. C. then stated the expense of frigates which had been built, from which it appeared that the expense of building one frigate was fully as much as that of 64 gun-boats. If they proposed to strike out this number of gun-boats in order to build frigates, they must add a sum of one million of dollars to the appropriation.
Mr. C. was sure this question had been presented to the House at this time and in this form: if gentlemen wished ships to be erected, they could bring forward their propositions hereafter, and obtain their object. He was sorry to see this system embarrassed by any other; he thought it was unconnected with any other system, whether fortifications, navy, or whatever might be proposed. He thought it was very probable, if the U.S. were involved in a war, that they must increase their naval establishment. In saying this, he did not mean that they should wade into an ocean of expense; but he thought a few frigates would be necessary to protect prizes, and to convoy merchant vessels. It was well known that the British navy, large as it was, could not protect her whole commerce, many of her merchant ships sailed without convoy; they sailed armed, however; and such ought to be the case, in this country, if unfortunately it should be afflicted with war. We are not now at war, said Mr. C. we have received a blow and claimed reparation, the decision on which is not yet made; when wardoes ensue, it will be time to arm our merchant vessels. It was nevertheless proper now to make preparation for defence. It was well known that although the secretary of the navy had estimated a certain number for each port, these gun-boats could be removed from one part of the country to another when occasion required; and the port of Newport or any other northern port which had not a due proportion, at a proper time could receive aid from New-York. He did not conceive that the estimate being made up in this manner precluded a different arrangement.
One word with respect to the utility of the boats, in addition to what he had before said on the subject. The gentleman seemed to think that a 44 gun frigate would be of more use than 64 gun-boats. Did not the gentleman know that gun-boats carried 32 pounders, whilst a 44 gun frigate could only carry eighteen's; there was a vast difference between the power of 18 and 32 pounders. Gun-boats placed in convenient situations in our harbors might be extremely useful; and he must assert, that a dozen or fifteen gun-boats could drive a fleet out of our harbors. Gentlemen in the country who were entitled to great credit, had decided in favor of their utility; it had indeed been fashionable to abuse gun-boats, but that was no reason they should now be objected to. If gentlemen wished frigates, let them come forward fairly with a proposition at any other time than this moment, & he would meet it fairly. The boats should be built now, as a preparation for events; perhaps war could not be avoided, perhaps it could. Let us, however, said he, put our ports in a state of defence that we may be prepared for all possible events. (Debate to be Continued.)
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Tuesday, Dec. 15.
Mr. Holland, from the committee to whom was referred the petition of — Bouchery, reported a bill to extend certain privileges therein mentioned, to — Bouchery.
Mr. Bassett moved that the petition of the Protestant Episcopal church of the town of Alexandria, praying for an act of incorporation, formerly presented, be referred to a select committee. Agreed.
Mr. Gwynn moved that the petition of Amy Dardin presented at a former session, be referred to the committee on Claims, barred, &c. Agreed.
Mr. Nelson presented the petition of sundry journeyman hatters of Fredericktown, Md. praying that a further duty be laid on imported hats. Referred to the committee of Commerce and Manufactures.
Mr. Garrett presented the petition of John Morgan, praying for an increase of pension. Referred to the committee of Claims.
Mr. Sawyer presented the petition of Thomas Bray, praying a reimbursement of certain duties; which was referred to the committee of Commerce and Manufactures.
Mr. Sawyer also presented the petition of sundry inhabitants of Piquion county, N. C. praying for the erection of a port of entry at the town of Hertford. Referred to the committee of Commerce and Manufactures.
Mr. Garnett presented the petition of George Young. Referred to the committee of Claims.
Mr. Morley presented a petition from Stephen Allings, praying remuneration for services during the revolutionary war. Referred to the committee on Claims, barred, &c.
Mr. Thomas, from the committee to whom was referred the letter from General Wm. Eaton, inclosing the memorial of Hamet Caramelli, made a Report, concluding with the following resolution. Resolved, That the sum of — dollars be, and is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be paid under the direction of the President of the U. S. to Hamet Caramelli, ex-bashaw of Tripoli.
The report was referred to a committee of the whole.
Mr. Mumford presented the petition of sundry manufacturers of copper in the city of New-York. Referred to the committee of Commerce and Manufactures.
Mr. Findley reported a bill to incorporate the Associate Reformed Church of the city of Washington. Read twice and referred to a committee of the whole.
Mr. Crowninshield presented the petition of Joseph Morton; praying to be reimbursed the amount of certain certificates of funded stock. Referred to the committee of Claims.
On motion of Mr. Blount, the House took up for consideration the report of the committee of the whole of yesterday on the bill for erecting fortifications. The first amendment relative to works other than fortifications, being agreed to, and the second relative to the sum yesterday agreed to being under consideration.
Mr. Masters enquired of the Speaker, whether it would then be in order to amend that sum? Some discussion took place on this subject; when a message was announced from the President of the U. S.
The business then under consideration was postponed.
The Speaker declaring the message confidential, the galleries were closed, and so continued till half past 5 o'clock P. M. when the house adjourned.

SATURDAY, December 19. The House met at the usual hour with closed doors; and continued in constant session till half past 5 P. M. when an adjournment took place till Monday. The SENATE likewise deliberated with closed doors on Friday from noon till 5 P. M. WASHINGTON, Dec. 23. We have the satisfaction of announcing the arrival of Col. Munroe, in this city last night. The following confidential message was communicated to both Houses on Friday last.
No. 1. To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States. The communications now made, showing the great and increasing dangers with which our vessels, our seamen, and merchandise, are threatened on the high seas & elsewhere, from the belligerent powers of Europe, and it being of the greatest importance to keep in safety these essential resources, I deem it my duty to recommend the subject to the consideration of Congress, who will doubtless perceive all the advantages which may be expected from an inhibition of the departure of our vessels from the ports of the United States. Their wisdom will also see the necessity of making every preparation for whatever emergency may grow out of the present crisis. I ask a return of the letters of Messrs Armstrong and Champagny, which it would be improper to make public. TH: JEFFERSON. December 18, 1807.
No. II. Extract of a letter from the grand judge, minister of justice, to the imperial attorney general for the council of prizes. PARIS, 18 September, 1807. (Translation.) SIR. I have submitted to his majesty the emperor and king the doubts raised by his excellency the minister of marine and colonies, on the extent of certain dispositions of the imperial decree of the 21st November, 1806, which has declared the British isles in a state of blockade. The following are his majesty's intentions on the points in question: 1st. May vessels of war, by virtue of the imperial decree of the 21st Nov. last, seize on board neutral vessels either English property, or even all merchandise proceeding from the English manufactures or territory.
Answer. His majesty has intimated that as he did not think proper to express any exception in his decree, there is no ground for making any in its execution, in relation to any whomsoever, (à l'égard de qui que ce peut être.) 2 His majesty has postponed a decision on the question whether armed French vessels ought to capture neutral vessels bound to or from England, even when they have no English merchandise on board. (Signed) REGNIER.
No. III. is the Proclamation of the King of G. Britain, about seamen extracted from the London Royal Gazette of Oct. 18, which has already been published. A bill (substantially the same with that finally passed) passed the Senate about 3 P. M. of the same day, on the passage of which the Yea's and Nays were as follows: YEAS—Messrs. Adams, Anderson, Bradley, Coudert, Gaillard, Gilman, Gregg, Howland, Kitchell, Matthews, Millidge, Moore, Mitchell, Parker, Pore, Robinson, Smith, of Md. Smith of N. Y. Smith of Ten. Tiffin, Thurston, Turner. NAYS—Messrs. Crawford, Goodrich, Hillhouse, Mackay, Pickering, and White. In the mean time the House of Representatives continued in secret session and till near 6 P. M. when an adjournment, not without great opposition, was carried. On Saturday the bill exclusively occupied the secret deliberations of the House till half past 5 P. M. when they again adjourned. On Monday, the whole day from 11 A. M. till past 1 P. M. was occupied on the bill, when it passed with amendments—Yeas 82; Nays 44; as follows:
YEAS—Messrs. L. J. Alston, W. Alston, Bacon, B. B. Barker, Bassett, Blake, Blount, Boyle, Brown, Burwell, Butler, Calhoun, G. W. Campbell, Carlton, Chandler, M. Clay, Clapton, Cook, Crowninshield, Cutts, Dawson, Deane, Desha, Durell, Findley, Fisk, Franklin, Gardner, Goodwin, Green, Heister, Helms, Holmes, Howard, Hise, Johnson, Jones, Kenan, Knight, Lambert, Love, Marable, McCree, J. Montgomery, N. R. Moore, T. Moore, Jer. Morrow, John Morrow, Mumford, Nelson, Newbold, Newton, Nicholas, Porter, Pugh, Rea, Pen, Rhea, Ten. J. Richards, M. Richards, Riker, Sawyer, Seaver, Slocum, Smilie, J. K. Smith, Southard, Storer, Swart, Taylor, Thomas, Trigg, Truett, Van Allen, Van Clandland, Wharton, Whitehill, Wilbour, M. Williams, Wilson, Winn, and Witherspoon—82. NAYS—Messrs. Alexander, Bidd, Blackledge, J. Campbell, Champney, Chittenden, Cobb, Culpepper, Dana, Davenport, Elliot, Ely, Gardenier, Garnett, Goldsborough, Gray, Harris, Hoge, Holland, Jenkins, Kelly, Key, Kirkpatrick, Lewis, Livermore, Lyon, Masters, Milner, Mosely, Pickett, Quincy, Randolph, Rowan, Russell, Smelt, S. Smith, Stanford, Stedman, Sturges, Taggart, Tallmadge, Upham, Van Horne, and Van Rensselaer—44. On Thursday the amendments of the House were agreed to by the Senate, and the bill at 2 P. M. received the signature of the President. When between 3 and 4 P. M. the injunction of secrecy was removed in both Houses. The act follows:
An Act laying an embargo on all ships and vessels in the ports and harbors of the U. States. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the U. S. of America, in Congress assembled, That an embargo be laid hereby on all ships and vessels in the ports and places within the limits or jurisdiction of the U. S. cleared or not cleared, bound to any foreign port or place, and that no clearance be furnished to any ship or vessel bound to such foreign port or place, except vessels under the immediate direction of the President of the U. States; and that the President be authorized to give such instructions to the officers of the revenue and of the navy and revenue cutters of the U. S. as shall appear best adapted for carrying the same into full effect. Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the departure of any foreign ship or vessel, bound in ballast, or with the goods, wares,
and merchandise on board, for any foreign port or place, when notified of this act. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That during the continuance of this act, no registered, or sea-letter vessel, having on board goods, wares and merchandise, shall be allowed to depart from any port of the U. S. to any other within the same, unless the master, owner, consignee or factor of such vessel shall first give bond with one or more sureties to the collector of the district from which she is bound to depart, in a sum of double the value of the vessel and cargo, that the said goods, wares or merchandise shall be re-laden in some port of the U. S. (dangers of the seas excepted) which bond, and also a certificate from the collector where the same may be re-laden, shall by the collector respectively be transmitted to the secretary of the treasury. All armed vessels possessing public commissions from any foreign power are not to be considered as liable to the embargo laid by this act.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives. GEO: CLINTON, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate. December 22, 1807. APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
EMBARGO. This is a strong measure proceeding from the energy of the public councils, appealing to the patriotism of their constituents, and to all measures the one peculiarly adapted to the crisis. The honest judgement of all parties has anticipated and called for it. The measure could no longer, in fact, be delayed without sacrificing the vital interests of the nation. Great-Britain by interpolations into the maritime code operating on her enemies through the violated rights of neutrals, furnished an occasion which was seized by the French government for the decree of November 1806, interdicting commerce with G. Britain, which was adopted by the allies of France, particularly by Spain in her decree of February 1807. The decree of November was followed by the retaliating British order of January 1807, making war on all neutral trade usually carried on from the ports of one enemy to those of another. France, again seconded by Spain and other allies, is retaliating on this order, by new constructions extending their decrees to all trade from British territories or in British articles. And it is clear that if not already done, G. Britain meditates further retaliations, most probably an interdict of all trade by this country, (now the only neutral one) with the enemies of G. Britain, that is to say with the whole commercial world.
To these destructive operations against our commerce, is to be added the late proclamation of G. Britain on the subject of seamen. This extraordinary instrument, instead of relinquishing the pretension with respect to alleged deserters on board national ships, extends it to all British seamen on board; varying only the mode of process, from that used by Berkeley, to a redress to be obtained by the government itself. And with respect to seamen on board merchant vessels, the proclamation has made it the duty of all her sea officers to search for and seize all such as they may call British natives; whether wanted or not for the service of their respective ships. From the proportion of American citizens heretofore taken under the name of British seamen, may be calculated the number of victims to be added by this formal sanction to the claim of British officers, and the conversion of that claim into a duty. Thus the ocean presents a field only where no harvest is to be reaped but that of danger, of spoliation and of disgrace. Under such circumstances the best to be done is what has been done; a dignified retirement within ourselves; a watchful preservation of our resources; and a demonstration to the world, that we possess a virtue and a patriotism which can take any shape that will best suit the occasion. It is singularly fortunate that an embargo, whilst it guards our essential resources, will have the collateral effect of making it the interest of all nations to change the system which has driven our commerce from the ocean.
Great-Britain will feel it in her manufactures, in the loss of naval stores, and above all in the supplies essential to her colonies; to the number of which she is adding by new conquests. France will feel it in the loss of all those colonial luxuries which she has hitherto received through our neutral commerce; and her colonies will at once be cut off from the sale of their productions, and the source of their supplies. Spain will feel it, more perhaps than any, in the failure of imported food, not making enough within herself, and in her populous and important colonies which depend wholly on the supply of their daily wants. It is a happy consideration also attending this measure that although it will have these effects, salutary it may be hoped, on the policy of the great contending nations, it affords neither of them the slightest ground for complaint. The embargo violates the rights of none. Its object is to secure ourselves. It is a measure of precaution, not of aggression. It is resorted to by all nations, when their great interests require it. All of them have made us on different occasions feel the effects of such a resort on our commercial interests. And it could be the less murmured at, by those who may be incidentally affected by the present embargo; inasmuch as they have forced us into the measure, by the direct effect on us, of measures founded in an alleged regard for their own eventual safety and essential interests.
But may not the embargo bring on war from some of the nations affected by it? Certainly not; if war be not predetermined on us. Being a measure of peace and precaution; being universal, and therefore impartial; extending in reality as well as ostensibly to all nations, there is not a shadow of pretext to make it a cause of war. War, therefore, let it be repeated, cannot be the result; unless it be in pursuance of a predetermined plan of hostility against this country. Will it not be an impediment to amicable negotiations with nations with which we have unsettled differences?—Not more than any other precaution; not more certainly than military preparations, with which depending negotiations are frequently accompanied, and sometimes professedly armed. The policy of President Washington sent Mr. Jay into negotiation, with an embargo in his hand. Would the treaty he made have been the worse, if the embargo had not been recinded?
Might not the embargo have been better modified? Might not, particularly, the ves-
sel of the several foreign nations have been allowed to carry on trade from our ports? The possibility of such an exception varies at once, when tested by its inevitable and inadmissible consequences. 1. It would have given so decided and exclusive an advantage to one of the belligerent parties, that it would have been difficult to justify it to the others. Great-Britain, having the command of the sea and the means of conveyance, would have supplied her wants, whilst her enemies, having neither, would be left destitute. 2. Having the monopoly of our market, her agents would obtain supplies at half their value. 3. The competition to sell to them, would have made every purchase a favor, and consequently a source of dreadful influence. 4. Our mariners thrown out of employment, would have been easily induced into foreign service, never probably to be regained. Our ships might perhaps be bought up at the same time for half their value, and be lost to the nation. 5. In fine the exception, thus operating in favor of G. Britain, would have done what above all things she would have wished. It would have given her a monopoly of the trade of the world; would have secured all her supplies on the best terms, whilst her enemies and rivals would go without altogether, and to crown the whole, it would without the benefit of more than a very scanty market for our produce, have given her the greatest possible interest in persevering in those regulations, and prolonging that state of things, which forms the present affecting crisis to this country.
The embargo then is the best expedient in its best form. It has been recommended by the President, who has the best means of knowing the policy of foreign governments, and it has been adopted by Congress, who are alone able to provide in such cases, for the security of the public rights and interests: adopted almost unanimously by the Senate, and by as large a majority in the House of Representatives as is to be expected in any case, where an honest difference of opinion may be added to the habitual opposition of party spirit. All that remains then for a people confiding in their government is to rally round the measure which that government has adopted for their good, and to secure its just effect, by patiently and proudly submitting to every inconvenience which such a measure necessarily carries with it.
EUROPE. The following articles complete our selections from London papers of the 12th Nov. LONDON, Nov. 12.
Again are the Treasury Journalists exciting over a further proof, about to be afforded, of Ministerial vigour and decision. The proclamation, said to be in readiness for his majesty's signature, declaring France, and the kingdoms under her control, in a state of siege, and prohibiting all intercourse with her or them except directly from a British port, has already received the sanction of their applause. But as the grounds of their panegyric are pretty well known, we should not have troubled ourselves to scrutinize its justice, were we not aware that many have incautiously indulged in similar approbation without a similar apology. It is, indeed, surprising that the individuals on whom the intended measure of ministers must bear with insupportable pressure, express the utmost satisfaction at its contemplation. The Mercantile Interest, as they are called, hail its prospect with joy as the Trojans danced round the horse that contained their destruction. That the proclamation in question will occasion a temporary suspension of our commerce, is allowed by all; whether it is finally calculated to ruin our trade, cannot be known till experience shews whether the decrees of Bonaparte are able to control the confirmed inclinations of his subjects. But will the present circumstances of Britain admit of her waiting the issue of this after-event? Notwithstanding the flattering pictures some have lately drawn of her riches and her resources, we believe general opinion coincides with our own when we express a conviction that she is at present living from hand to mouth. That her revenue is, to say the most, only equal to her expenditure. And that any further diminution of her profits must occasion instant bankruptcy. Those prosperous days are past when, to adopt a common saying, we could lay up for a rainy day. We have no bank in reserve on which to subsist. Therefore if commerce is to be regarded as one of the chief sources of our gain, stop that source but forever so short a time, and we starve in consequence. Many persons, however, boldly assert, that this country is not at all dependent on commerce. That manufactures are no source of national wealth. And that the annihilation of our foreign trade would not necessarily diminish our strength. On the accuracy of these maxims depends the propriety of the vigorous measure attributed to ministers solely dependent. If commerce is of no value, they have a right to disregard it in their efforts to distress a rancorous enemy. But if it constitutes a principal mean of our support, they ought not, for the sake of hurting others, to endanger the existence of the country. In expressing a decided conviction that the ruin of British commerce would be the ruin of the British nation, we must guard against being understood to advocate that marked and exclusive attention to the wishes of the Exchange, which has so often degraded the measures of our government. Trade will ever wait on sound policy; but if politics are regulated according to the principles of mercantile speculation, their result will be as unprofitable as their appearance will be undignified. Commerce, it has been said, is a good servant but a bad master. This is exactly the light in which it should be viewed. As a servant it should not usurp the authority of a master, but as a servant it should be considered essential to the existence of that authority.
MORLAIX, Oct. 25. We have been in the habit of sending flags of truce, from time to time, to London. An order has been issued to prohibit the sailing of any in future. No communication must any longer exist with that country, governed by the unjust and eternal enemies of the continent.
NAPLES, Sept. 30. Letters from Malta state, that the garrison of that island is reduced to a very small number; and that the English have been obliged to send all the disposable troops they had to Egypt. According to the same accounts, the English at Rosetta have suffered a terrible check on the part of the Turks. In the port of that city, there remained only a single English ship of the line, and a frigate.
The capitulation of Copenhagen has not been ratified by the British Royal, who has, on the contrary, directed new measures of security against the English; he has recalled his minister from London, formally declared war against England, and made a common cause with France. Why then have the English evacuated Zealand? It is because we should have reached them in the month of November. Because the first would have chased away their squadron, and 20,000 Danish, and 30,000 French would have entered Zealand. Since, however, the English know, that in November their maritime superiority would become useless, why did they undertake this expedition, and thus expose themselves to a shameful flight from Zealand, menaced by the combined arms of France and Denmark, to the loss for ever of the friendship and alliance of the latter Power, and the refuge of her ports, and to the shutting themselves out of the Sound and the mouth of the Baltic, for twelve or fifteen bits of wood, which can be of no use to them? The answer is this—the spirit of ignorance, want of foresight, & blind hatred, directs the councils of the Ottomans of London.
Mr. Canavagli threatened at London the Danish Charge d'Affaires with the non-evacuation of Copenhagen, because the Prince Royal would not ratify the Convention, and would declare war against England. It is stated, that the Charge d'Affairs answered, "Y u do not wish to evacuate Copenhagen; that is what we desire; before a month is at an end, we shall be enabled to drive you away by force."
The Prince Royal has already thrown into Zealand 6000 men, whom the 17th formed a junction with the garrison of Copenhagen. The long nights rendered the passage easier. A greatest misunderstanding prevails between the Hanoverians and the English. Two of the English have been hung by the Hanoverian insurgents. It is difficult to conceive an expedition more atrocious, more impolitic, more shameful, or more unfortunate for the power which undertook it.—Monteur. October 24.
In pursuance of the Crown Prince's order, dated Head-Quarters, Kiel, the 25th of last month, all merchants, traders, warehousemen and brokers, have been directed to make a faithful declaration of all English goods, which they have received since the beginning of the month of May, this year, by the way of Tonnigen, Hismar, and Friedrichstadt, before the Commissioners appointed for that purpose. It is a fortunate circumstance that the valuable collection of sea-charts, which was found at the Holm, was timely secured, and thus prevented from falling into Pohlani's hands. We are assured, by well informed persons, that neither any English nor Hanoverian troops have landed in Schonen; that the Swedish troops, which arrived there from Rugen, have been sent home; that the Swedish fleet in Carlscrona is dismissed; and that not the least warlike movement is observed in Schonen.
Yesterday General Peyman, our Governor, issued the following order: "Whereas, the term of six weeks agreed upon by the Capitulation concluded, has now elapsed, and the Province is accordingly again in a state of war with England, like all other dominions of his Majesty the King; therefore, I herewith declare, that the attachment of all English property which was laid on before the conclusion of said Capitulation, but taken off in pursuance of the 9th article, shall now again be put in force. All English property found in the city and in the whole island of Zealand, is therefore faithfully to be declared at the Police Office of each place, in the manner prescribed in the Proclamation of the 16th of August of this year."
VIENNA, Oct. 12. The Archduke Charles is on his return from his journey to Bohemia, where he reviewed the different bodies of troops. A new distribution of them is expected. October 14. The Court Gazette contains, this day, an article from Turkey, to the following effect: "In consequence of the armistice concluded between Russia and the Ottoman Porte, the navigation of the Black Sea is become free; but the advanced state of the season will permit only a small number of vessels to profit by this liberty. The Russian officers & soldiers, prisoners of war, have been released from the slave prison, where they were confined at Constantinople. They will be conveyed to Odessa in Russian vessels. The Turks have nominated Silistria as the place for carrying on the negotiations for a definitive treaty of peace; but many obstacles seem to stand in the way of the approaching opening of the congress. The Janissaries, after some fresh motions towards a rebellion, on the first of Sept. received their pay, which had been in arrears for a considerable time. The 10th of Sept. gen. Gardanne, ambassador from France to Persia, passed over from Tophana to Scutari, on his journey to Tebram, by the way of Bagdad. This minister is accompanied by Mirza Mahmoud, envoy from the Shah of Persia, the French officers destined for the East-Indies, commercial agents and missionaries."
October 15. The Court Gazette of Yesterday contains the following articles of the armistice, concluded between the Turks & Servians to the first states. That there shall be a cessation of hostilities for an unlimited time. That orders should immediately be expedited to both armies to cease hostilities. The armistice to extend to the two armies in Bulgaria, as well as the troops in & on the frontiers of Servia. The two armies to remain in their respective positions. Either parties to break the armistice at pleasure; but 5 or 6 hours to elapse before resuming hostilities. The soldiers of each army prohibited from going into the camp of the other. The armistice is signed by George Petrovitz, commander in chief of the Servian army of insurrection, Issrailow, general of a division of Russian troops, & Ibrahim Pacha of Macedonia and Romelia.
MILAN, Sept. 26. The occupation of Leghorn by the French greatly distresses several merchants of this place, who were in the habit of exporting from that port large quantities of silk for England. Much silk is, however, at present, sent to Switzerland and other places of the continent.
FROM LISBON. Capt. Gray, in the brig Dolphin, arrived at Boston on Saturday last, from Lisbon, brings accounts from that place, to Oct. 24. They briefly state, that on the 22d Oct. all the ports in Portugal, were ordered to be shut against the English—and that the Portuguese government had joined the continental cause, with a view, as was declared, of accelerating a maritime peace. Capt. Gray further reports, that a few days before he left Lisbon, a rumour was prevalent, said to come by the way of Gibraltar, that an engagement had taken place between an English and French and Spanish Fleet, in which the latter were entirely defeated. This report, with a similar one, received in England, on the 10th Nov. renders it highly probable, that a great naval action had been recently fought; but whether by the English fleet, under Adm. Purvis, on the Cadiz station, or by Adm. Collingwood, in the Mediterranean, time must unfold.
From a London paper of October 31. ADMIRALTY COURT—DOCTOR'S COMMON. Yesterday the right hon. sir William Scott proceeded to the adjudication of the following cases: Governor Gilman—This American vessel laden with a cargo of tobacco, cotton, stores and other articles, was captured in the prosecution of her voyage to Amsterdam. The court, after the cause had been shortly proceeded in, observed that this case was exactly similar to that determined the other day (the Oland) and that it could not sit here to act as if a counter need such proceedings, and therefore condemned the captors in costs and damages. Unity, Hodge, master—This American vessel, laden with a cargo of various merchandise, was going from Amsterdam to Newburyport, in America, when she was met with and captured by a British vessel, and afterwards rescued by a British vessel, for which service salvage was claimed. The court pronounced, under all the circumstances of the case, that the vessel was exempt from payment of salvage. Fanny—This vessel under American colours, laden with a cargo of E. I. India produce, was captured in the prosecution of her voyage from America to Amsterdam. The court in this case pronounced the seizure of the ship in question to be justifiable, accordingly restored the same and cargo, and condemned the captors in costs and damages.
DOMESTIC. Extract of a letter from the agent for the U. S. at Porto, dated Nov. 26, 1807, to a respectable merchant in this city. Having received information, that there were a number of impressed American seamen on board his majesty's brig Hart; as soon as she came into port, I waited on adm. Cochrane, who behaved in the most polite manner, and said that he had orders not to admit any Americans to be in his fleet, and immediately sent the names of ten I gave him on board the Hart, with orders to them to be sent on board his ship immediately—They were accordingly sent and six of them instantly discharged—the others, it is too evident, were not Americans. The brig Second Attempt, Mr. Gamble passenger, arrived off St. Thomas harbour, was ordered off, and gone to Curacao—the admiral permits the Danish islands to be supplied with provisions by flags, but will not allow American vessels to go to them. A vessel has arrived at Baltimore in a short passage from Spain, with intelligence from that country to the 10th ult. by which the English vessel at Baltimore has received letters, which state that an army of 70,000 French troops had occupied Madrid; that a complete revolution had been effected; and that 300 grandees were imprisoned. It is also said that the king had been assassinated, and it is supposed to be arranged that the Prince of Peace is to succeed to the throne. [Nat. Int.]
Virginia Legislature. HOUSE OF DELEGATES, SATURDAY, December 19. An engrossed bill "For opening a new street in the town of Petersburg," was read a third time, and several blanks therein filled up. Resolved, That the bill do pass, and that the title be, "An act for opening a new street in the town of Petersburg." A petition from a number of the inhabitants of Norfolk county, was presented and read, praying sundry amendments to the act passed at the last session of the general assembly, for ascertaining the northern boundary of the borough of Norfolk. Ordered, That the said petition be referred to the committee for courts of justice. Mr. Johnston (of P. Edward) from the committee of propositions and grievances, made the following report: The committee of propositions and grievances have, according to order, had under their consideration, the petition of the president and directors of the Little River turnpike company, to them referred, and have come to the following resolution thereupon: Resolved, as the opinion of this committee, that the petition of the president and directors of the Little River turnpike company, praying that the 1st incorporating the said company may be so amended as to authorize them to erect a gate on the completion of every five miles of the said road, and to receive tolls proportionate to those at present allowed by law, is reasonable. The said resolution being twice read, was, on the question put thereupon, agreed to by the house. The committee of privileges and elections have, according to order, had under their consideration the petition of John H. Foushee, complaining of the undue election of George Wm. Smith, returned to serve as a delegate for the city of Richmond, to them referred, agreed upon a report and come to the following resolutions thereupon: It appears to your committee from the deposition of Thomas Nicolson, that William Nicolson, who is nephew of the said Thomas, was under the age of twenty-one years at the time of the election; that in the notice furnished by John H. Foushee, to George Wm. Smith, the particular objection of the want of age, was not made to the said William Nicolson; that only the general objection of "not being a freeholder according to law, entitled to vote for a member of the General Assembly," was made; that therefore your committee refuse to hear testimony upon the non-age of William Nicolson, and that he voted for George Wm. Smith: 1. Resolved, therefore, as the opinion of this committee, that the vote of William Nicolson is a legal vote. It appears also to your committee, that John Enders voted in right of a certain lot he held by deed, in fee simple; that he had been in possession of the said lot six months before the election; that there was at the time of the election on the said lot, a house, not framed, but formed by posts fixed in the ground, closed & covered with plank; that the said building is in the shedded form, and contains more than twelve feet clear in the area; that the greatest height of the said building is about ten or twelve feet, sloping to about seven or eight feet; and that he voted for George Wm. Smith. 2. Resolved, therefore, as the opinion of this committee, that the vote of John Enders is a legal vote. It appears also to your committee, that Sewall Osgood voted in right of a lot, with leg. improvements thereon, conveyed to him by deed on the

UTRUM HORUM—Independence or political extinction.
We have said that the British cabinet promised reparation—For the attack of the Danish frigates Hafvefane and Freya. For the murder of the Danes on board the Danish frigate—Professed a desire to be pacific—Appointed an ambassador to carry the tidings of peace—and Sent a fleet to carry on the negotiation. We promised to mark the process of the negotiation; which we shall now do.
This fleet consisted of 13 sail of the line and 27 frigates, besides bombes and fire ships, under the command of admiral Dickson. On reaching the Sound, the British fleet anchored off Kronberg, where the Danish navy then lay; but which weighed immediately, under the pretence of affording adequate room to the British squadron; however, as this was part of the diplomatic machinery, Dickson was not willing to be behind the Danish admiral in etiquette; so he weighed according, and moved after him—in an amicable way.
The movements on shore were conducted in the same style: Whitworth insisted that the flag should not protect the ship from search, neither should the presence of a national armed ship; & insisted on the Danes abandoning the protection.
Bernstorff behaved with his renowned dignity and moderation of spirit; but he also persisted in adhering to the principle at all hazards.
Whitworth attempted (as he attempted at Paris afterwards) to play the bravo, and menaced Copenhagen with his own departure in a week, and other consequences, if the court of Denmark did not retract.
Bernstorff would not recede an inch, but proposed to refer the question for arbitration to the Emperor of Russia. To this Whitworth demurred, and after a little more bullying and lying, Whitworth agreed to the proposition of Bernstorff—the basis of which is contained in the following article, in which as we said in the preceding number, Britain crouched.
Art. 1. The question of right, respecting the visit of neutral vessels without convoys, shall be postponed to a future discussion.
Art. 11. The Danish frigate Freya, and the vessels found under her convoy, shall be restored; the vessels supplied in the ports, and at the expense of his Britannic majesty, with every thing that may be necessary for repairs. &c.
Deming agreed not to send any convoys till a more effective convention should be formed. Thus, though Denmark escaped by temporising, she only escaped for the moment—Britain was, however, compelled to abandon what she claimed as a right & submit it to a discussion which would never be bro't up, so long as she should not violate it, and which of course she would not violate until assured of her being able to maintain the violence by a commanding force; which was exactly the course she pursued, and for which she began to prepare at the very moment of treating, to be enforced in the next year.
In September of the same year, violence was committed on the Swedish flag at Barcelona, by which it was seen that there was no security for the neutral flag, whenever the power and interest of G. B. continued to abuse it. Perhaps the opening of a reference to the emperor Paul by Bernstorff, was either the result of a previous knowledge of the Russian emperor's temper; or that it was used by Bernstorff to claim his policy or his pride.
The convention at Copenhagen was not calculated to quiet the apprehensions of neutrals. A question postponed, is a question acknowledged to be open to enquiry, and may therefore be either right or wrong by implication. While it is not absolutely resisted, it is indirectly admitted. A few days after the agreement had been concluded, a declaration of the emperor of Russia to the courts of Prussia, Denmark, and Sweden, proposed the revival of the armed neutrality upon the same principles as in 1780; he alluded to the case of the Danish ship Freya, and expressed resentment at the appearance of the British fleet in the Sound; and he followed up his declaration by a requisition of the British property, until the rights of neutrals should be recognized by G. Britain.
The seizure of some vessels under the Prussian flag, embodied G. Britain with that court; and towards the close of the year, the appearances in the north of Europe were so formidable, that the scheme of comprehensive inquiry to which we have before adverted, and which had been long studied, was now determined upon.
It was resolved to employ immense sums of money, to produce a revolution in the cabinets of Stockholm, Copenhagen and Petersburg, which were to go hand in hand with other plans in the interior of France—The various modes and the means by which the application of this money was to produce effects, have not been explicitly shown, but the world, viewing events and combining causes and effect, have considered the seduction of Sweden, the death of the emperor Paul, and the attack upon Copenhagen, as parts of one system carried by different limbs of the diplomatic conspiracy into effect.
There appears to have been some compunction in the British cabinet on the discussion of those measures, and lord Hawkesbury, became about this period secretary of foreign affairs, who early in the year 1801, replied to the repeated importunities of count Jarlsberg, that an answer would be given by a special charge des affaires in person at Copenhagen. An embassy was laid on all Russian, Swedish and Danish vessels in January, and in the mean time an expedition was preparing, which was, in order to divert attention from the real object, reported to be destined for an attack upon Holland or Ostend.
On the 12th March, this fleet of 20 sail of the line, with frigates, sloops of war, twenty bomb vessels and gun boats, under the command of sir Hyde Parker, sailed from the neighbourhood of Yarmouth.
It has been remarked that the conduct of Great Britain through the whole of the existing war, has been fatal only to those with which she was allied; and that her worst vengeance has been wreaked not on the enemy whom she is ostensibly opposed to, but on those whom she had forced or failed to force into the war. Such has been the fate of Holland, Naples, Genoa, Tuscany, Turkey, and such has been the more solemn verification of its truth in the case of Denmark. Placed at the entrance of the Baltic, a power scanty of provisions, population and resources; acting for a century with a circumspection well adapted to her narrow capacities as well as to the wisdom that always seeks to preserve peace, while peace is preservable; a sudden stroke at Denmark before the neutral conspiracy could be aware of it, was calculated upon as the most effectual means of giving force to the secret movements going forward at Stockholm and Petersburg.
On the 20th March, the British negotiators entered the Cattegat, and Mr Drummond presented a peremptory demand to the court of Copenhagen, that they should abandon their alliance with Sweden and Russia, and send their merchant ships back without convoy.
This Bernstorff gave an explicit and peremptory refusal. Drummond quitted Copenhagen, went on board the fleet; the castle of Kronberg was summoned the next day, to permit the British fleet to pass, and refused; the British admiral considered this as a declaration of war, and on the morning of the 30th entered the Sound; a few of the ships exchanging shot with the Danish batteries but without material damage. The Swedes on their side made no opposition, and it has been suspected that the retreat of the duke of Sudermania about this time, and the inactivity of the Swedes on their side, were the effects of previous diplomatic skill.
Copenhagen has been recently an object of so
much curiosity, that a short descriptive sketch may not be unacceptable, and especially as it is more than probable it may very soon become an object of great interest.
Approaching from the sea, the city is discovered at the extremity of a spacious bay of an amphibious appearance, rising beautifully from the water.
The harbor, dock yards, and naval magazines, are embraced in the works which surround and flank the city. No more than one vessel can enter the harbour at once, and the passage is secured every night by a boom. The citadel is a regular work with four bastions, a wet ditch, and several outworks, which defend the passage on one side, which is defended on the other by a formidable block-house with heavy artillery.
The small island of Amack in front of the city has been also fortified, and is connected with the city by two bridges, which appear to be floating bridges; this island breaks the surge, and preserves the basin within in tranquillity in rough weather. This basin or port is spacious, and admits of a vast number of ships and excellent anchorage.
The citadel is situated on the northern extremity. A battery called the Crown Battery, consisting of two formidable forts, was erected with immense labor and expense a few years ago; they stand upon piles, and one bears fifty guns of 24 and 36 pounds calibre, with four mortars; the other 36 pieces of the like calibre.
The basin is skirted by a balcony, or gallery, on all sides, which give to the ensemble a most captivating appearance, and favorable impression of the Danes; and the regularity of the streets, the excellence of the pavement, and handsome lot style of the buildings, are calculated to enhance and confirm favorable impressions. The new town, built after the conflagration of 1794, had more the appearance of a southern than northern structure, they consist of an octagon, containing four beautiful and uniform buildings of heavy stone, separated only by 4 uniform streets, which lead from the centre to the extremes; in the centre of this place stood an equestrian statue of Frederick V. The hospitals, institutions for education of the poor, &c. are objects better calculated for a statistical than a political essay; and their enumeration would only contribute to excite new execration, and new horrors at their recent catastrophe.
The crown batteries, in the engagement, were ably served, and had the same steadfastness and coolness been displayed by the commanding officer Vischer and the Crown Prince; Nelson's laurels would have been blighted before Copenhagen on that occasion, and Denmark would not have been despoiled in six years after by a perfidiously more flagrant and unprovoked.
The Danes, after sustaining an action which commenced at six in the morning, became general about eleven, and raged with fury till after four in the evening after losing 1800 killed and wounded; and thirteen ships of all descriptions; when Nelson's flag was carried on shore with a demand—1—That Denmark should recede from the alliance. 2—That the English ships should be repaired in the Danish docks. 3—That the wounded British (about 700) should be taken care of in their hospitals; the two first propositions were peremptorily rejected; & the third was granted only upon principles of humanity.
But in obtaining a short armistice, Nelson gained every thing and in gaining it, the Danes lost all the fruits of their vigor and resolution. They had but to persevere, and their determination so to do would have forced the British on that night to have taken shelter with their disabled ships in Stockholm, or to have burnt them and returned home; and the Swedish fleet then waiting for the issue, would have determined for the neutral association; instead of feigning a retreat before an inferior fleet under Parker, who, with the ships of his squadron, had not entered into the heat of the action.
The Emperor Paul was murdered on the 23d March, the very day that the British fleet left the coast of England, and one week before the arriving before Copenhagen. Admiral Parker on arriving before Copenhagen, received a dispatch from the Russian ambassador, and he instantly returned to Kioge bay, at the entrance of the Baltic.
The friends of Great Britain had now the ascendancy at Petersburg. The young emperor, Alexander, saw, in the fate of his father, the destiny that awaited a neutral policy. A negotiation followed, and lord St. Helens settled at Petersburg those regulations of diplomatic policy, which ultimately brought Russia into the coalition, & Sweden along with her.
Yet, in these negotiations, Great Britain crouched in her demands, in order to reach her policy; she conceded under the name of a suspension what the neutral convention asserted as a right.
The main consideration for the American reader is the perfidiousness and tyranny of the policy of Britain; and the unparalleled barbarity practised towards Denmark. Aurora.
LETTER
From the Secretary of the Treasury. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Dec. 5, 1807.
Sir—The want of precision in describing the prohibited articles in the non-importation act will give rise to much perplexity and numerous suits before the construction of the statute can be definitely settled.—Amongst other inquiries or doubts which have arisen on the subject, permit me to mention the following:
1st. Packages, wrappers or vessels, securing or containing articles not prohibited and imported according to law.
Will the articles be liable to forfeiture because such packages or vessels are amongst the prohibited articles? Hardware is wrapped with paper; cloths and other permitted articles are enclosed in linen packages, or secured with ropes or twine; boxes in which many permitted articles are imported must have nails; aqua fortis and various other medicines and liquors necessarily be imported in glass bottles, &c. Supposing the treasury to decide, which, particularly in the last mentioned case, would be a doubtful construction, that the prohibition shall not apply to such packages, wrappers or vessels as are absolutely necessary to contain or secure articles not prohibited; yet a difficulty would arise? for salt is often imported in linen bags of equal, or greater value than the salt itself; and salt may be, and is often imported without such bags.
2d. Articles of which leather, silk, hemp, flax, tin, brass, are the materials of chief value.
Difficulties will arise in relation to a variety of articles composed partly of prohibited, partly of non-prohibited materials; amongst which are mentioned, manufactures of mixed metals; such as pewter, tutania, prince's metal, pinchbeck, bell metal; tinned goods; gilt buttons; a great variety of articles of hard-ware; and more particularly articles in which labor and materials are so blended as to render a decision almost impossible.—Thus, in patent floor cloths, must the article be prohibited because the hemp or flax of the canvas is more valuable than the dyes in painting? Or, must it be admitted because the painting, including labor, is more valuable than the canvas? Are printed books prohibited as paper, or because the flax of which the paper is made is more valuable than the quantity of ink used in printing? Or, are they admissible because the printing itself is more valuable than the paper, or at least than the flax?
3d. Woolen cloths.
It is asked 3d, whether manufacturers of wool, partly of cotton; or partly of wool and partly of silk or flax, the silk or flax being not however the material of chief value are prohibited? 2d, whether by the word cloth must be understood only that species of manufactures which in common parlance is so called, excluding cassimeres, coatings and other similar manufactures? or, whether it means every thing which is woven, including shallons, stuffs, carpets, &c.? 4th. It is also doubted whether silver watches are prohibited under the denomination of silver wares? whether the glass of a gold watch will forfeit the watch? whether ticks, brads, &c. are prohibited as nails; cotton stockings as clothing ready made; manufactures of paper as paper, &c.
On all these points inquiries have already been made, and many other doubts may arise not yet foreseen. There are also some other parts of the act not connected with the description of the articles which require explanation; such as the mode of ascertaining the value of woolen cloth, when a suspicion arises that it is undervalued, and a precise designation of the day when importation shall be considered, under the act, to have taken place, viz. whether the day of report and entry, as heretofore been practised, or the day of arrival into the United States, as will probably be claimed by the importers.
Upon the whole, it is desirable that the act may not be carried into effect previous to a revision; for although no statute of this kind, can particularly at first, be altogether free from imperfections, yet the most obvious may easily be removed.
This communication would have been sooner made, had it not been expected that the amending bill which was last year before congress would be taken up; or that the change of circumstances, which had taken place since the act was first passed, would, before this time, have brought matters to such a crisis as to supersede, in any event, the necessity of the act itself.
I have the honor to be, &c. ALBERT GALLATIN. Hon. THOMAS NEWTON, Chairman of the Committee of Commerce and Manufactures.
MR. LE TELLIER, DENTIST—is now practicing in the various branches of his profession, i. e. cleansing and restoring the Teeth to their natural elegance, setting artificial ones, so as to be as useful as well as ornamental, plugging the decayed cavities of such as can be preserved, and extracting such as are too far gone to be saved, in which operation he makes use of—Brett's Patent Extracting Instrument—which takes the teeth out without any possibility of fracturing the jaw or bruising the gums, and with much less pain than the instruments that are in general use.
He deems it unnecessary to say any thing concerning the advantages derived from the manner of his performance or his abilities, leaving it for his former operations to speak.
He has DENTIFRICE of a superior quality, void of corrosive substances, prepared by himself and for sale. His dwelling is at the house next to E. Randolph's, near the Capitol.—A line or servant directed to the said place, will be attended to. Dec. 15. [ep2w]
Mr. Le Tellier informs those that are travelling to Norfolk, that his Brother is practicing Dentistry there, and his abilities are unexceptionable.
JOHN ALCOCK, informs his friends and the public at large, that he has just received, and is now opening, next door to Messrs. Prosser & Moncure's vendue, a large assortment of Merchandise, consisting of the following articles:—Carpenters and Joiners Tools, iron and steel Locks and Hinges, for house work and cabinet ware. I also carry on my Cabinet Manufactory, as usual, adjoining the fire insurance office, and have on hand three thousand dollars worth of furniture, finished in the best workman-like manner and in the newest fashion. Also, Windsor Chairs. I will sell all of the above goods, very low for cash, or good paper at a short date. Sept. 5. [ep1f]
THE subscribers having formed a connection in the Grocery line, under the firm of BRIDGES & ROBERTSON, they now offer for sale at their Store on the corner of the street leading to Byrd's ware-house, and opposite to Messrs. Jno. & Robt. Gamble, jr's.—A general assortment of GROCERIES—among which are Antigua Rum, Holland Gin, 4th pf Cognac Brandy, Raspberry ditto, London particular Madeira Wine, Port, Sherry & Teneriffe ditto, Best green Coffee, Brown & Loaf Sugar, Best Chocolate, Gun-powder, Imperial, Hyson, Young Hyson & Souchong, which they will dispose of on liberal terms for cash, or good paper at a short date. JAMES BRIDGES, WM. ROBERTSON. Richmond, Dec. 4. (tf)
FALL GOODS—RICHARD BROOKE, has just received an elegant assortment of GOODS, calculated for the ensuing season, consisting of—Superfine London Cloths and Kersey merces, Second do. do. do. Superfine and second quality Coatings, Forest Cloths, Plains and Kendal Cottons, Rose and Match Coat Blankets, Velvets, Velveteens, Prince's & President's Cord, Silk and Worsted Waistcoatings of various kinds, Gentlemen and Ladies silk, cotton and worsted Hosiery, Silk Velvets, assorted colours, Crapes, do. do. do. Sarcenets, do. do. do. Lutestring, do. do. do. for dresses. Do. Ribbons, Irish Linens & Lawns, Silk and Cotton Ginghams, Irish Sheerings, Cotton Chambrays, German Linens, Calico and Chintz, Shirting Cottons, Elegant Robes & short Dimities, Dresses, Carpetings and Hearth Rugs, Plain & figured Lenos, Do. do. mill'd Muslins, A handsome assortment of Kid & Morocco Shoes, A few pair of elegant Coats & white top Boots All of which he will sell at the most reduced price for cash. Oct. 10. [tf]
WANTED TO PURCHASE, A NEGRO WOMAN of 25 or 30 years of age, that understands Cooking. For one that can come well recommended for cleanliness, sobriety and steadiness, a liberal price will be given.—Enquire at the Office of the Esquire. Dec. 4. (tf)
TOUCHMONT TURNPIKE COMPANY.—At a meeting of the Directors of the Touchmont Turnpike Company, on Monday the 23d of November, 1807.—For reasons appearing to the board, Resolved, That the sale of the SHARES of delinquent stock-holders in the said company, advertised for this day, be postponed till Thursday the 31st of next month, and that they be then sold at auction, before the front door of the Eagle Tavern in the city of Richmond. A copy. Teste, R. SHEPPARD, Clerk. Nov. 27. (131st D.)
JOHNSON and REAT, Jewellers & Silver-smiths, Richmond: a few doors above the Bell-Tavern, and just opposite col. Mayo's new building; beg leave to inform the inhabitants of Richmond, Manchester, and their Vicinities, that they have on hand a large supply of Work, composed of the latest Fashions, viz.—An elegant assortment of pearl and opal Breast Pins, Finger Rings and Bracelets, plain gold d. of nearly all patterns, Mixture Settings, mounting and fancy Lockets, Ear Rings, mounting and fancy, coral, shell, topaz, plain gold and common Watch Keys, gold, pebble and glass Seals, gold and silver Chains, mounting and fancy gold mounted Necklaces, plain and ornamented Combs, pearl and tortoiseshell Sugar Boxes, Dicks, Pen Knives and Scissors; a general assortment of silver Spoons and Ladies, Scissor Chains, Thimbles, Penel Cases, Pens, Spectacles, Tooth Picks, Ink Stands, Small boxes and Tweezers, Morocco Pocket Books and Thread Cases: Also, silver and plated Table Ware, consisting of Coffee, Tea and Milk Pots, Bread Baskets, Sugar Dishes, Castors, Tumblers, Salt Stands and Candlesticks; and a number of other articles too tedious to enumerate: All of which they offer to their friends on the most moderate terms that can be afforded. Orders from any place will be thankfully received and speedily dispatched. December 4. [ep1f]
STRAYED from the subscriber, living on James River, opposite the mouth of Rock-fish, on the 24th of October last, a large Sorrel Brood Mare. She is about 5 feet high, has a star in her forehead and one or more white feet, very thin switch mane and tail; she was in tolerable order and shot all round with German steel; she has a sluggish movement and is in fault; a long trot and gallop are her only gaits; she is 15 years old, no brand recollecting; she had been lately purchased by me from a gentleman residing near the head of Rock-fish, at the foot of the Blue-ridge; but as she cannot be found in that, or the intervening country, I apprehend (if she was not stolen) she has made towards Hanover county, she having been raised by Judge Roane, who owned her till the fall 1805. I will give ten dollars for her delivery, and full compensation for any information leading to her recovery. PATRICK ROSE, jun. (Top.) Burlington, Dec. 8.
JUST RECEIVED, a general assortment of DUTCH BOLTING CLOTHS, of superior quality—For sale by J. DARMSDATT. Oct. 23. [tf]
COLUMBIAN MILLS & COAL LANDS FOR SALE—By virtue of a Deed of Trust, bearing date the first day of October, 1801, executed by David Ross to the subscribers, and for the purpose of completing the objects of the said trust, in conformity to certain covenants therein contained—the following property will be offered for sale on the first Wednesday in January next, at the front door of the Eagle Tavern in the city of Richmond, to the highest bidder, for ready money, between the hours of twelve and five o'clock, to wit:—All that piece or parcel of Land, adjoining the city of Richmond, commonly called the Columbian Mills, with the Mills, Houses, Canals, Improvements, Appendages and Privileges thereunto belonging.—Also, an undivided two thirds of a tract of Land in Henrico county, containing seven hundred acres, called the Deep-River Coal Pits, and an undivided two thirds of a tract of Land in Chesterfield, containing one hundred acres, called the Falling Creek Coal Pits, of which said Coal Lands, the late James Currie was part owner. GEO. HAY, ROBERT POLLARD, FRANCIS ANDERSON, } Trustees. Nov. 27, 1807.
If the aforementioned property should prove insufficient to satisfy the debt thereon charged, the subscribers will offer for sale at the same time and place, a tract of Land in Henrico, called the Seven Pines, containing by estimation one thousand acres; also, a Tract of Land in the same county on Four Mile Creek, being the same whereon the late col. John Pleasants formerly resided, containing by estimation four hundred and sixty acres, and forty acres adjoining thereto, binding on Bailey's creek and said Four Mile creek, on which stands the Norwich Mills. All of which property was conveyed in trust, by David Ross to the subscribers, by deed bearing date the nineteenth day of December, 1805, as an additional security for a debt due to Wm. B. Giles by the said Ross and charged on the Columbian Mills and Coal Lands and Coal Lands first mentioned. GEO. HAY, BENJ. HATCHER, } Trustees.
LANDS FOR SALE.—The subscriber offers for sale, the following Tracts of LAND, in which, to persons making early application, he will give great bargains: One tract of 1300 acres, lying in Buckingham, which is advantageously situated for trade, being two or three miles from Scott's Manufacturing Mill, and five from New-Canton. This Land is very valuable, having on it 900 acres of woods, nearly all of which is good tobacco Land; there are also very good improvements, such as are well calculated for the accommodation of a family, and a sufficiency of chestnut land, to employ 10 or 12 hands advantageously. This tract will be shown to any person inclined to purchase, by Capt. Peter Guernant, now resident on the land.—One tract on Randolph's creek, of 409 acres, the greater part of which is fresh and will produce good wheat and corn; it joins the lands of Col. Wilson and Mr. Gilley Lewis.—One other tract, in the neighborhood of New-Canton, of 212 acres, being a moiety of a tract owned by Mr. Maurice Langhoorne.—Another tract in Powhatan, of 300 acres, known by the name of Gibraltar. These Lands will be offered for sale at very reduced prices, which may be known, during my absence, by application to Col. William Daniel of Cumberland, who is authorised to contract for them. The title will be made by me on my return from Kentucky, which will probably be between the 10th and 20th of February next. WADE MOSBY. (Ft.) Powhatan, Dec. 4.
MORE CHEAP GOODS.—JOHN KING, again respectfully informs his customers & the public, that he has just received, by the late arrivals from Philadelphia and New-York, a general assortment of Fashionable and Seasonable GOODS, which are now opening at his Store, the second door below the Eagle-Tavern; where they may be had upon as good terms, for cash, as at any other place in the City. November 6. [ep1f]
FOR SALE, 121,000 acres of LAND in Kentucky, in the forks of Great Sandy river: 24,000 do. in Tazewell county, on the waters of Clinch river: 20,000 do. in the county of Wythe, on Reed and Peak creeks: 1,000 do. in Randolph county, on the waters of Cheat river: Also, 30,000 acres of Virginia Land Warrants. The above will be sold very low, and great accommodation given in the payments. To RENT, a Brick House, on Shockoe-Hill, in a good neighborhood, and possessing every accommodation for a family. THOS: NORVELL. Dec. 13. (tf)
WILL BE SOLD, at the sale of a deed, for ready money, in pursuance of a deed of trust executed by William H. Clarke, to the subscriber, for the purpose of securing to Charles Elam, the payment of a sum of money thereon specified, one certain tract or parcel of LAND, situate, lying and being in the county of Powhatan, and adjacent to the Buckingham road, containing one hundred and twenty-four acres of Land, more or less, on Thursday the 31st day of the present month, between the hours of 1 and 5 P. M. JAS. GATES, Trustee. Dec. 19. [ep1m]
CASH SALES.—To be sold, for ready money, in pursuance of a deed of trust from David Ross, esq. bearing date on the 5th day of July, 1806, & recorded in the general court, in order to raise the sum of $ 50,000 and upwards, and the charges and expenses of sale—Those well known MILLS with the appurtenances, in the city of Richmond, called the Columbian Mills. Two undivided third parts of the Deep River Coal Pits, in the county of Henrico, containing about 1750 acres, more or less. Two undivided third parts of the Falling Creek Coal Pits, in the county of Chesterfield, containing about one hundred acres. Two undivided third parts of the Dover Coal Lands, in the county of Goochland, containing about ninety acres, which three several tracts of Coal Land were held in partnership between the said David Ross, and James Currie, deceased. The Columbian Mills and Appurtenances, are subject to a ground rent to Samuel Overton; and the said Mills and two tracts of Coal Land, first mentioned, are pledged for the security of sundry sums of money, due to Mrs. Frances Tabb and Wm. B. Giles, administrator of John Tabb, dec'd. a large proportion of which, is stated by the said Ross to have been paid, and other estates are pledged for the balance. For further information on this subject, persons inclined to purchase, are referred to the said Ross, or it may be obtained on application to the subscribers.—The sales will take place at the Eagle-Tavern, in the City of Richmond, on Wednesday, the 20th of January, 1808. E. W. ROOTES, } Trustees. Nov. 30. [ep1f]
ELEGANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS.—Mr. ANDERSON informs the Friends of his institution for female improvement, that the exercises of his school are this season in a more successful train than at any former period. With respect to English Education, his process of instruction is modelled upon the latest improvements of Lindley Murray, and its success has far surpassed his most sanguine anticipations. The schools for Dancing, Drawing and Music will be opened in January; and new classes for English Grammar, Geography and the French Language will be formed on the first Monday of that month. Terms, (not including the elegant arts above mentioned) 50 dollars per quarter for boarding and tuition; pupils under 10 years old, at half price. Williamsburg, Dec. 22. [3t]
A NEW TAVERN will be opened at King & Queen Court-House on the first day of January next, by the Subscriber, who has leased for that purpose, the houses belonging to Robert Pollard, Esq. (in which a tavern was formerly kept) and provided himself with every thing necessary for the pleasant accommodation of those who may call on him. The subscriber knowing that to solicit the public patronage will not be effective unless he deserves it, pledges himself that nothing shall be wanting to ensure general satisfaction. ALEX. P. MUSE. King & Queen C. H. Dec. 22. (ep1f)
EDUCATION.—A school is established in the Forks of Henover, at which eight or ten pupils will be received. The price of board and tuition will not exceed ninety dollars. The Greek, Latin and English Languages will be taught. As the institution has been but lately established, it is not intended to receive students who are far advanced. It is situated in a healthy agreeable neighborhood. For other information enquire at the Office of the Esquire. Dec. 22. (3t)
EDUCATION.—On the 12th of next January the subscriber intends to open a SCHOOL at the Green Springs, in Louisa county, where boys may be instructed in the Latin, Greek, French and English Languages. It is deemed unnecessary to say any thing of the advantages of the situation which he has selected, as its healthiness and remoteness from every kind of dissipation are well known to most gentlemen of the lower country. No scholars will be admitted, except those who board at the Springs (where a Boarding House will be kept by Col. Morris) by which means, the subscriber will have his pupils immediately under his eye, and be enabled to attend at all times both to their morals and education. The terms will be—Board 30 dollars per annum exclusively of bed and washing—Tuition 10 pounds, one half of each to be paid at the expiration of six months, and the other at the end of the year. Those gentlemen who intend to commit their sons or wards to the care of the subscriber, will please to notify him of it by letters directed to Lindsay's Post-Office, Albemarle county, and addressed to FRANCIS F. MAURY. Dec. 15, 1807.
N. B. The following letters, one from Mr. Cary, and the other from Col. Nicholas (in whose family I have lived three years in the capacity of private tutor) are published as testimonials of my qualifications as a teacher. F. F. M.
Carr's Brook, Nov. 13, 1807. MY DEAR SIR—I have learned with real pleasure, your intention of opening a school for teaching the dead languages. Although my opinion as to their utility and ornament may be deemed by some absurd, and by others unfashionable; yet my reason does not yield its assent to any of the arguments which I have heard against them, and until it does, I must be permitted to believe they are both useful and ornamental. Having frequently had an opportunity of being in your school at Warren, it is with great sincerity and truth that I give my feeble testimony, in favour of your ability as a teacher, and the excellence of your method of instruction. When I had last the pleasure of seeing you, it seemed to be your intention to open a school at the Green Springs; I do not think you could select a more eligible situation. With best wishes for your success, believe me your friend. P. CARR. Warren, Nov. 8, 1807.
DEAR SIR—It gives me great pleasure to hear that you intend to establish yourself at the Green Springs. The situation is an admirable one for a large school, it is every thing to recommend it. From three years intimate acquaintance with you, I have the utmost confidence you will give entire satisfaction to all who may commit their children to your care. For your diligence and amiable qualities, and for my opinion of your capacity and skill, let the regret I feel at my sons being deprived of your instruction vouch. Accept my most sincere wishes for your success, and assurances that I believe your expectations will be fully answered. I am Dear Sir; With esteem and regard, Your humble servant, W. C. NICHOLAS. Dec. 15. [ep 755]
KIRBY, DRAKE & TAYLOR—Have just received by the late arrivals from London & Liverpool, in addition to their Fall Assortment, 1 bale London superfine Cloths and Cassimeres, 20 do. London superfine Cloths and Cassimeres, 4 boxes 4-4 Irish Linen, 1 do. Diapers, Lawns and Sheerings. All of which will be sold low for cash or on a short credit. Dec. 13. [ep1f]