Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1800-12-26 00:00:00

The VIRGINIA ARGUS.
No. 71 of Vol. VIII.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[WHOLE No. 758.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR.
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FRIDAY, DECEMBER 26th, 1800.
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Just received, and for sale by the Printer hereof,
A FRESH SUPPLY OF
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 Walpole's Works, 5 vols. quarto, elegant binding  Lady's Museum for '98, '99, and 1800, do.  Goldsmith's Animated Nature  Pitcairch's Lives  Johnson's Lives of English Poets, 4 vols.  Pope's Works  Shakespeare's Works  Praer.  Spectator  Tatler  Sterne's Works  Milton's Works  Locke's Essays, 3 vols.  Builds's Magazine, or Universal Diction-ary for Architects, Carpenters, Masons, Bricklayers, &c. 3 vols. quarto  Gibbon's Surveying  Fenn's Algebra  Simpson and Fenn's Euclid  Musical Repository  Hot-Pressed Family Bible (elegant)  Large folio ditto do.  Quarto ditto ditto  Burkitt's Exposition of the New Testament  Hopkins on the Millennium  Fox's Martyrs  Winchester and Newton on the Prophecies  Cruden's, Butterworth's, and Fister's Con-cordance  Davis's, Blair's, White's, Walker's, Letcha-woorth's, Whitefield's, and Russell's Ser-mons  Adgate's Philadelphia Harmony; a collec-tion of psalm tunes, hymns and anthems, with the rudiments of music, on a new and improved plan  Hume & Smollett's History of England  Gordon's, Winterbotham's, and Robert-son's History of America  Millot's General History  Radcliffe's Holland  Stewart's Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind  Marien's and Vattel's Law of Nations  Delome on the British Constitution  Sir William Jones on Bailments  Kyd on Bills of Exchange  Laws of the United States, 4 vols.  American Clerk's Magazine  Rousseau on Political Economy, and the Social Compact  The Federalist  Correspondence between Mr. Jefferson and M. M. Genet and Hammond  Jay's Treaty, with a copious appendix  Jefferson's Notes on Virginia  Lancaster's Travels in America  Travels in the Interior of Africa, by Mun-go Park  Steuart's Embassy to China  Voyage Travels in Egypt and Syria  Sumner's Ancient Empires—a new and much improved edition  Paine's Works, complete in 2 vols.  Rambler; Guardian; Looker On; Ci-tizen of the World; Philanthropist, D'Anville's Ancient Geography.  Guthrie's Geography Improved, 2 vols. with considerable additions to the Atlas  Guthrie's Grammar; latest Lond. edition  Walker's Geography 8vo.  Morse's and Scott's Gazetteers  Morse's and Smith's Geography  Boyle's Life of Samuel Johnson  Flavius Josephus, 6 vols.  Rush's Essays  Spirit of Despotism  Farmer's Dictionary (esteemed the best practical system extant)  Farmer's Guide  Varlo's Husbandry  Bell's Surgery.  Coxe's Examination of Sheffield's Ob-servations on American Commerce  Varieties of Literature, 2 vols.  Philadelphia Weekly Magazine, for 1798 and 1799, 3 vols.  American Museum, in 12 vols. begin-ning Jan. 1787, & ending Dec. 1792  New Museum, or Annual Register of Fugitive Pieces, ancient & modern  Perry's and Bailey's Dictionary  System of Short Hand  Hunter and Bell on the Venereal  Accomplished Gentleman, or Principles of Politeness  Animal Rezon  Aikin's Letters from a father to his son, on various topics relative to literature the conduct of life  American Senator, or debates in Congress during the session beginning Dec. 1796, and ending March 1797, 3 vols.  Giborne's Inquiry into the Duties of the female sex  Immortal Mentor, or man's unerring guide to a healthy, wealthy and happy life  Jonus's Letters  Kame's Elements of Criticism 
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December 19.
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THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED, By SAMUEL PLEASANTS, Jun. And to be had, wholesale and retail, at his Print-ing-Office, in Richmond; THE VIRGINIA ALMANACK, For the Year 1801. The Astronomical part by ISAAC BRIGGS. Adapted to the Latitude of Richmond, Virginia September 18, 1800.
PRIVATE Board & Entertainment N the house lately occupied by Mr. GOOLICK, on the fourth side of the main street, three doors above the bridge. John S. Pleasants. Richmond, 25th October, 1800. [f]
Miniature Painting The Public are respectfully informed, that STRIKING LIKENESSES Finished in a style of elegance, and execut-ed by L. SULLY, Miniature and Fancy Painter, at Mr. Hugh Watt's, near the bridge. Richmond, November 25, 1800.
S and S. Myers, Have received an Assortment of India and German GOODS, Which they offer for Sale upon moderate terms, at their store one door below the Eagle Tavern. —ALSO— Bar Iron, Wine, Sugar, Brandy, Holland Gin in cases, &c. They will give Cash for Tobacco. Richmond, 20th October, 1800. [t x]
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Quills, May be had at this Printing-Office.
THE LATEST. NEW-YORK, December 13. The arrival of the ship Matilda from St. Sebastians has put us in posses-sion of Paris papers to the 16th October. We have examined them in vain for the copy of the Conven-tion lately concluded by our envoys, which we were given to under-stand had been published officially. The following articles are all the intelligence we have yet deemed worth a translation.
Plan to assassinate Buonaparte. PARIS, 24 Vendemaire, Oct. 14. During the first days of the 2d Decade of Vendemaire, information was received, that a person of the name of D. Merville residing a No. 24. Rue Des Moulins, had distrib-uted a considerable sum of money; and that some well known villains frequented his house. Positive information was received, that on the 11th inst. eleven of these villains were to throw themselves upon the First Consul, when coming out of the Opera. The Po-lice then took the most active measures to watch them—On the 18th, two of them (one by the name of Cerachi) were arrest-ed in the lobby of the Opera; they were armed with cutlasses. Demerville, and some of his accomplices were arrested in the night —they are in pursuit of the others; Demer-ville and Cerachi have both confessed. These wretched miscreants are for the most part, composed of individuals, inured to murder in the massacres of September, and those of Versailles.
ARMY OF ITALY. Copy of a report of the operations of the right wing of the Army of Italy, to the general in chief, Brune, by lieutenant ge-neral Dupont, dated 25th September. The body of troops commanded by ge-neral Pino, having evacuated the line of the Rubicon, and gone to Bologna, the armed brigands in Ferrara and Tuscany, thought the moment a favorable one, to throw them-selves into Romagna, and commit there every sort of excess without opposition. They invaded the greatest part of that territory, and advanced as far as Imola, cutting down the trees of Liberty, turning the magistrat-es of the people out of office, and exercising every where, the most abominable pillage. "In order to surprise them in the mid-dle of their inroads, I gave charge to general Monnier to send to Ferti the Cisalpine half brigade, with a body of light troops from the 14th Hussars and 4th regiment of Chas-seurs. The general of division Pino, who had the command of that expedition, arrived the 4th complimentary day at Faenza, after having purified the brigands, who had al-ready taken possession of Imola. They divided themselves into several bodies, one going to Ferrara, another to Ravenna, and a third following the road of Arezzo. The ge-neral formed his troops into three columns, in order to overtake them. The brigands on their way to Ferrara, were attacked near Lugo by one of the columns under the com-mand of Ferrand, chief of brigade. Terror took possession of them, and few made their escape. "On the 5th complimentary day the French column destined for Ravenna found there the brigands ready to make resistance. Their defence was short. The Chasseurs of the 4th regiment, commanded by the chief of Brigade Yam, entered, and every man found with arms in his hands was extermin-ated. "The same day a detachment of Gren-adiers surrounded the brigands, who were making their escape towards the Appenines. A similar fate awaited the third body, and the few who remained hid themselves in the mountains. "At the moment when Bologna was threatened with an invasion, the national guards acted with great firmness; they form-ed a column ready to co-operate with the French and Cisalpine troops. I presented to them 6 pieces of cannon, which I am per-suaded they will use gloriously against the common enemy. "The Cisalpine troops employed in that expedition have emulated the French in ac-tivity and bravery. Gen. Pino has render-ed very important services on the occasion to the French and Cisalpine republics. (Signed) DUPONT, Lieut. Gen. October 16.
The city of Bourdeaux continues to en-joy the greatest tranquility. Several cir-cumstances have furnished the opportunity of discovering the mediation of the public spirit. The feast of the Republic, the trans-lation of the remains of Michael Montaigne, the news of the prolongation of the armis-
stice, and the discourse of the First Consul to the envoys of the departments, have cal-led forth a manifestation of the good senti-ments with which a great majority of the inhabitants of that beautiful city are animat-ed. The newspapers assist the magistrates, by recommending union and the forgiveness of past errors. Provisions of every sort arrive in abund-ance; and the works which relate to salubri-ty, cleanliness, and embellishment, are pro-gressing with activity. Act of the Government. Arrete of the 13th Vendemaire, year 9, (Oct. 4) The Consuls of the French Republic decree: Art. 1 The Army of Reserve shall take the name of the Army of the Grisons. II. The cantonment of that army shall be in the Grison country, Helvetia, and the department of Leman. The Minister of war is charged with the execution of the present arrete. The First Consul, (Signed) BUONAPARTE. By the First Consul, The Secretary of State, (Signed) H. B. MARET. Arrete of the 19th Vendemaire, (Oct. 10.) Buonaparte, First Consul of the Repub-lic, after having heard the report of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, decree: Art. 1. Citizen Joseph Buonaparte, Counsellor of State, is appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to treat of the re-establish-ment of peace between the French Repub-lic and His Majesty the Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary. II. The Minister of Foreign Affairs is charged with the execution of the present decree, which shall not be printed. The First Consul, (Signed) BUONAPARTE. By the First Consul, The Secretary of State, (Signed) H. B. MARET. Another Arrete of the same date. Buonaparte, First Consul of the French Republic, decrees as follows: Citizen Lasforet, Central Commissary of the government, for the department of the poles, is appointed Secretary of the Legati-on charged with negotiating for peace with the Emperor.
Third Edition Improved. THE LIFE OF WASHINGTON, Peacefully taken from authentic Documents, in the Neighbourhood of Mount Vernon, her the Hero lived and died. EXHIBITING that greatest and best of men in the various views of his very interest-ing life, viz. his birth—education—first em-ployment as country surveyor—entrance on public life as major, and colonel of the Vir-ginia forces—his famous battle of the Little Meadows—his more glorious behaviour with general Braddock—his appearance and part in the great American war—arrested Sketch of that war and revolution, from the destruction of the tea at Boston (in 1773) to the capture of lord Cornwallis at York (in 1781)—his appointment as President—re-sign-ation—retreat into private life—interest-ing view of him in private life—his sentiments with respect to religion—patriotism—hon-or—economy—generosity—business—and many other points of first rate importance to young and old; with a great number of pri-vate and precious anecdotes, illustrating vir-tues worthy of Washington, and displaying actions honorable to human nature; furnish-ing a feast of the sublimest entertainment, and instruction, both to ourselves and to our children.—With an elegant Likeness— Price 37 1/2 cents.
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CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Friday, December 12.
The House resolved itself into a committee on the report of the Committee on Claims...
The House also resolved itself into a committee on the report of the Committee on Claims...
Mr. Bird strenuously opposed the report, and contended for the claim. Mr. S. Smith explained the motives of the committee in making the report.
A letter was laid before the House from the Department of State, including a report from the Collectors of Impressed American Seamen...
Mr. McMillan, delegate from the Territory North-West of the Ohio, agreeable to his motion from the House of Assembly of that district, proposed a resolution for the appointment of a committee...
It was laid on the table.
Mr. Rutledge presented a petition of Samuel Blackden, which was referred to the committee of claims.
Adjourned till Monday.
Monday, December 15.
Some reports were made by Mr. Mason, from the Committee of Claims, which were unfavorable to the petitioner, and were taken up and agreed to by the House.
Mr. Rutledge presented the petition of N. J. Roach, for himself and others, praying an act of incorporation to the Schuylkill Copper Mine Company.
Referred to the Committee of Commerce.
The House went into a committee on the bill for the relief of Thomas Hooper, who prayed a drawback on some re-shipped merchandise.
The bill was agreed to and ordered to be engrossed.
The House also went into a committee on the report of the Committee of Claims on the petition of William Nichols, who prayed compensation for expenses paid by him, for jurors and witnesses in their attendance at Philadelphia in 1794, on the trial of the Western insurgents.
Mr. Cooper laid on the table a resolution for a committee to be appointed to consider the expediency of repealing the Law laying a direct tax, &c within the United States.
Adjourned.
Tuesday, December 16.
The bill for the relief of Robert Hooper was read the third time and passed.
Wednesday, December 17.
Mr. Wain obtained leave of absence for three weeks.
Mr. Stone also obtained leave of absence.
Mr. Varnum called up his resolution, laid on the table on the instant, for reducing the 2d regiment of artillery to three battalions; it at present consists of four battalions.
Mr. Otis declared himself surprised at the resolution offered by his colleague, as he had not known any act passed in that house with more unanimity, or which appeared at the time or since to be attended with more general satisfaction, than the act on which the present establishment of artillery and engineers was founded.
To show that this was the case, it would be only necessary to exhibit a history of the establishment of this body of our military force.
Prior to the year 1794, the corps of artillery and engineers consisted of one battalion.
In May 1794, in a time of profound peace, an act passed increasing the establishment to a regiment, consisting of four battalions.
In May 1796, an act was passed recognizing and confirming the existence of the regiment, previously directed to be raised.
In April 1798, before Congress contemplated the existence of that emergency which afterwards occurred, before the provisional army was authorized, or a naval equipment with a view to actual hostility with a foreign power was begun, an act passed directing the raising an additional regiment, to consist of three battalions, and this not merely for three years, as had been hitherto usual, but for five years.
On the 3d of March 1799, an act passed for the better organization of the troops of the United States, augmenting the numbers of the companies and regiments of infantry and cavalry, and directing that the second regiment of artillery should consist of four battalions instead of three. The provisions of this act were such as manifested the determination of Congress that the artillery thus directed, and that only should be raised in any event. Thus the augmentation was not authorized for the purpose of meeting the crisis or of constituting a part of the temporary arrangements for defence, but as a permanent establishment.
source for instruction and defence at all times and on all occasions.
In the last session of Congress two acts were passed which materially affected the military establishment. One of which suspended all further recruiting in reference to the two new regiments; but was silent in respect to the artillery.
The other for authorizing the President to disband the infantry and cavalry, but expressly restraining him from diminishing the numbers of the artillery. Was he not therefore warranted in the assertion that the present establishment of the two regiments of artillery and engineers had been authorized with the greatest deliberation, and sanctioned as a favorite measure. That it was intended to be cherished as a nursery for those branches of military science which are most difficult of acquisition, which cannot be learnt or practiced upon a sudden emergency? While every other part of the military establishment had experienced a radical reform. The organization of the artillery had hitherto remained exempt from objection and dispute.
This being the case, was it not incumbent on the gentleman, who had submitted the resolution before, he ought to point out some of those circumstances that recommended the adoption of a measure at this time which has been hitherto deemed inexpedient? Was it not incumbent on him to show that he did not intend the accomplishment of this measure as a prelude to the entire annihilation of the little germ of an army that now remains to this country.
For his part, Mr. Otis declared, he was not ambitious of assuming either credit or responsibility that would arise from a reform that would leave the country destitute of defence. He was willing that those who succeeded in the administration of the government should reap the honor and advantage of this reform.
Whether the force at present authorized by law was more than adequate to the protection of our extended sea board, and our no less extensive frontier, would clearly appear by a statement of the distribution of it that is intended when the regiments are complete.
He had taken some pains to inform himself of this fact and had prepared a document to show exclusive of officers commissioned and non-commissioned, the numbers that would be stationed at the respective ports, Mr. Otis then went minutely into a statement of the numbers allowed to every port and garrison where the Artillery are to be employed, the results of which were as follows:
  In Georgia and S. Carolina, 192   Virginia and Maryland, 192   Pennsylvania, 144   New York, 288   Connecticut, 48   Rhode Island, 144   Massachusetts, 192   On North-Western frontier, } from Niagara to Mobile Bay, } 336   Total 1536 
And this number was to be divided among nearly thirty different garrisons.
Now, let any man, acquainted with the extent of our country, and who knew how vulnerable it was in many points, forming a line in one direction 1500 miles, and in the other direction of more than 2000: let any man decide whether such an extended country could be adequately defended by a force less than 2000 in number? When the numerous harbours to be defended, on the sea board, and the number of forts on the western frontier requiring garrisons to protect them from the attacks of the Indians, were considered, could any reasonable man affirm that 2000 artillery and engineers were too many?
Cannot we support this establishment? Are we too poor? True economy itself, would dictate a continuance of the force. For the militia, however useful in other circumstances, could afford but little defence to our forts and harbours without a corps of regular artillery to support and encourage their efforts. He put entirely out of view all considerations derived from the four existing regiments of infantry. They were entirely occupied in defending our western frontiers from Indian invasion. Their services were there required, as the militia would not be kept in readiness to repel sudden aggressions, but at an enormous expense.
We are extremely young in the science of engineering. However competent the militia may be to the great purpose of ultimately defending the country, they are not in such a situation as to be enabled to protect our forts and harbours on a sudden invasion. If the militia are incompetent to this end, we must rely upon a Standing Force. Infantry and cavalry might soon be created. But artillery and engineers were not the growth of a day. By dismissing these, you deprive yourselves of all the solid advantages to be derived from the militia, who in co-operation with a small regular force of this description would be formidable, but who, unaided by them, would be insufficient.
The resolution in question he also considered as quite premature. What change, he enquired since the last session, when the maintenance of this battalion was recognized as expedient, had occurred in our foreign or domestic relations? A convention it is said is made with France. But we are ignorant of its terms, its nature, or extent. It has not yet been ratified, and when ratified, who will answer for its due execution, or the consequences which may ensue? If it restores our friendly relations with France, may it not produce a misunderstanding with other powers? Do not circumstances exist that render it highly prudent to secure and strength-
en our Western front? He was persuaded that if a powerful nation like the United States, would declare its inability or reluctance to support this moderate military force; it would incur the contempt of other nations. They would hardly condescend to treat with us for a compensation of injuries, or if they made treaties, they would violate them in the full confidence of impunity.
But it was said by the gentleman, that as this battalion had not yet been raised, the inference was obvious that it was not necessary.
But for what reason had the raising of it been delayed? It would be recollected that during the last session of Congress, the late Secretary of War presented to this house, a project for reducing the two regiments of artillery to three battalions each, and in lieu of the fourth battalion to substitute a corps of artillery and engineers, and a military academy in which they might be initiated into the principles of these useful and necessary sciences. While that report was pending before the legislature, it would have been improper and inexpedient to recruit for this fourth battalion. Had the substitute been adopted, the measure would have been superfluous. But the report of the Secretary, though many parts of it were in his opinion highly deserving of attention, was not accepted by Congress. Since that period, the test of Government had been removed. The former Secretary of the war department had resigned, and some time of course had been lost; he knew however that some of the officers had been appointed, and had reason to believe that the corps would soon be perfectly organized. Another reason, Mr. Otis alleged was, that the attention of Government was principally directed to organize the temporary army. It being conceived that the permanent establishment might proceed more leisurely. On the whole Mr. Otis said, that he was not one of those who were dismayed at the crisis of the political affairs of the country, and he trusted there was still a majority in the house, who unawed by a change of times, and unshaken by the prospect of seeing their measures hereafter reversed, would persevere while they had the power in maintaining the principles and measures to which the nation was indebted for its dignity and prosperity. If the administration of the government is destined to change, let those who succeed take upon themselves the burden of reform; and if it was intended by this resolution that he should have an opportunity to partake in the glory and advantages of it, with all due acknowledgment he begged to decline the offer.
Let those, into whose hands the future government might fall, realize the expectations that have been raised, let them perform all the engagements they have made, let them preserve and augment the public prosperity, and while they enjoyed the exclusive credit of their measures, they should on those conditions receive all the support and approbation which in his humble sphere he could afford. But he had no idea of adopting measures that would betray symptoms of regret & contrition for the past, and he hoped his friends would do nothing that should be construed into a death-bed repentance of a conduct which constituted their glory and their pride. Retiring himself from a short political career, he had the consolation to reflect that his efforts had been directed to the support of no measure, which would not be a source of satisfaction, if he were retiring from the sphere of existence. And he doubted not that the other gentlemen had been actuated by the same motives and would unite in the evidence of their sober conviction by voting against the resolution.
Mr. Varnum observed that his colleague had not confined himself to a true statement of facts. It was well known that the military force raised in 1794 was for a standing army, of which character it was the first regiment of artillery. But when the second regiment was raised, the country was in a state of alarm. We were told war menaced us, and we were terrified with the idea of invasion. Still it was determined by Congress that the regiment should consist of no more than three battalions. It then at that period, when the danger was exaggerated by our fears, three battalions were thought sufficient, can more be thought necessary now, when there is no alarm, no danger of war or invasion?
Mr. Varnum was of opinion that the three battalions were sufficient for every national purpose to be accomplished by artillery. He did not mean to say that they were equal to the defence of the country in case of invasion. The idea would be childish. In such a case our reliance must be upon the militia, upon the great body of the people themselves.
The gentlemen, who had preceded him, had dwelt on the unfavorable condition of the militia, and the little knowledge we had yet acquired in relation to artillery and engineers. Yet that gentleman must know that in Massachusetts alone there were forty companies of artillery and engineers, well equipped and well disciplined, ready, at a moment's notice to turn out in defence of the laws of the United States, or of that state. Other states were probably as well provided.
The only occasion we had for this description of troops was to defend our harbours and ports from any sudden attack. For this purpose twenty-eight companies were fully adequate. On the occurrence of a great danger, we must not look up to those men, but to the people. Our true defence, our great and only defence consisted in the militia. He believed them to be in such a state as to protect us from any danger.
Mr. Rutledge was surprised at the remarks of the gentleman from Massachusetts. He had stated no facts, he had referred to no documents; but had confined himself to a declaration of his belief that the four battalions of artillery are unnecessary, and had concluded by pronouncing, as he had frequently before done, a panegyric upon the militia. He thought as high of the militia as the gentleman did, and he felt more for them. He did not desire to drag them from the plough and the enjoyments of domestic felicity, to carry them to the far coast there to confine them for long periods in forts, under the pretence of a miserable economy.
A comparative view of the relative expenses of a standing force and the militia would convince the gentleman that the latter was by far the most expensive.
Let him call to recollection the state of our fortifications at the close of the revolutionary war. Fortifications then covered the face of the country. But no sooner was peace restored to us, than the people believed it would last forever. Government received the same impulse, and suffered the defence of the country to fall into decay. And what were the consequences? we are now
called upon to repair them! This very result would be produced by that usual spirit of economy that the gentleman wishes to revive.
Mr. Rutledge spoke not from documents. But what he said was derived from personal observation in travelling from the south-west. He had seen on the sea coast harbours and ports miserably garrisoned.
His friend from Massachusetts had not been correct in his statement. The numbers he had assigned to different places were not those actually there, but those contemplated to be stationed, when the establishment was complete.
In the whole extent of South Carolina and Georgia there were stationed only 132 men, and in North Carolina only 142.
Discarding, as he was compelled to it, all view to false economy, there was another view that naturally presented itself. Was the state of the nation materially changed? And if it were, should that change have any influence on the measure under discussion? If the establishment of two regiments of artillery was part of a permanent system, and not derived from any existing or apprehended state of things, and this had been his opinion, and was he believed the opinion of Congress, any change whatever in the state of the country would not affect the question before the house.
Artillery, from their very nature, ought to be permanent. Infantry and cavalry can be soon raised and made active; but not so with artillery. They require time to render them serviceable. We all know the force of artillery in war. The brilliant successes of the French were owing to the superiority of their artillery to that of their enemies. The First Consul had himself been an artilleryman; he had been bred in the school of Paris. In the great war waged against Prussia, Frederick had converted almost the whole of his force into artillery; he had himself invented the horse artillery. By these means he had triumphed.
The Secretary at war had last session made a report recommending the formation of a military school. But his plan had not been embraced. This having failed he hoped a strong military establishment would be substituted in its room.
Mr. Rutledge was indisposed to diminish the corps of artillery and engineers; not that he wished to keep up an army for purpose of parade; the present establishment was not more than competent to our defence. If a reduction were to be made, he would much rather diminish the infantry or cavalry, than the artillery, for the reason he had already assigned.
Whether the state of the country was changed, or was not, it was for him to say. If called upon to give his opinion he would say that he thought the state of the country was changed. Two years ago the prospect of war was threatening. He now believed we should have peace; and if we did obtain it, it would be owing to the exertions of his honorable friend and of those who acted with him. To the energetic measures by them pursued, by which the people had been roused from apathy to a lively exertion of their powers and an exhibition of their spirit, we should owe it blessings. Their patriotic labors had warded off the dangers that threatened us, and prevented the adoption of measures in which we might have found our ruin.
Mr. Rutledge concluded with declaring that it was not for him to say what changes had taken place in the internal situation of the country.
(Debate to be concluded in our next.)
NEW-YORK, December 12.
According to previous notice, yesterday was observed by the several congregations of this city, as a day of prayer and thanksgiving for the mercies of Providence towards the citizens of this place, during the past season. Donations for the benefit of the poor, to a considerable amount, were realized in many of the churches, and a sincere devotion of thanks was conspicuous by laying aside temporal concerns, and paying due honors to the Supreme Being.
December 15.
Dreadful Fire!
Last evening a fire broke out of the store belonging to Messrs. Saltus, Son & Co in Front-Street, between Coenties and Old Slip, and progressed with the wind in the most alarming manner (as far as the store of Mr. Thomas Farmer, having destroyed the six buildings occupied by Saltus, Son & Co Suydam and Heyer, John Peters, Henry Suydam, John Miller, cooper; Thomas Pryer, sail-maker; Samuel Borrowe, sail-maker; and John Patrick. The above were nearly all large wooden stores, with valuable contents. We participate most feelingly with the honest and respectable sufferers. The stores of Mr. Farmer and John H. Hurlin were miraculously saved, though their loss must have been great, from the precipitate removal of their goods. The vessels at the adjoining wharves were removed without sustaining much injury. The whole amount of the loss may be estimated at 100,000 Dollars.
PHILADELPHIA, December 16.
WATER WORKS.
We understand, that an experiment, in part, was yesterday made on the operation of the Water Works constructed in this city, by Mr. Latrobe. We are happy in being authorized to state, that their success is equal to the public expectation; and that the most salutary and useful effects may be anticipated from the general operation of an institution, conceived with ingenuity, and executed with equal ingenuity and application.
A late London Paper says—Paper makers must make hay while the sun shines. The paper which they sell at 27s. a ream, costs 7s. at Paris. At a peace, there must be high duties to protect their trade.
December 17.
William Hindman is elected Senator of the United States for Maryland, to supply the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Mr. Lloyd, the father of the Sedition Law.
When the first draft of the sedition law passed the Senate, Mr. Lloyd exulted that there was no prospect of passing every scandalous demerit to death, if he dared speak of the government.
WILMINGTON, December 17.
According to a recent calculation, the British Treaty has already cost the United States Forty-nine Millions and Fifty Thousand dollars. Even were we to allow, (which we are however very far from doing) that the treaty was reciprocal in its provisions, and as advantageous as could have been obtained, it must be acknowledged by men of every party, who compare its expenses with its advantages, that we paid very dear for our whistle!
BALTIMORE, December 17.
JUBILEE.
A meeting of the republican citizens of Baltimore is proposed at Mr. Evans tavern, at 12 o'clock this day, to form some arrangement for celebrating that great event, the election of Thomas Jefferson to the presidential chair.
December 18.
Captain Whitehead, of the horse Race-Horse, who arrived at New York from Jamaica, informs, that on the second of November last, while at St. Ann's, he, with great difficulty, rode out a hurricane from that harbor, which drove on shore all the vessels from that to Port Antonio; and on going in to clear out on the 6th, he found a large ship on shore, and several houses blown down. Among other vessels on shore, was the Charleston Packet, Rice, at Bay. He also saw five vessels on shore at Port Maria, names unknown. The plantations were much destroyed, but could not learn the extent of the damage, as the roads were impassable.
A letter from captain Shaw, of the United States Schooner Enterprise, of 12 guns, to a friend in Baltimore, dated Philadelphia, December 19, after mentioning the return to health, which had suffered from a West-India climate, says, "I am happy to inform you of my good success in the West Indies—I have in my last cruise taken 13 sail of vessels, made 300 French prisoners, killed and wounded 61 men, taken 42 pieces of artillery and 180 load of musketry—which is really more than I could have contended for."
When the X. Y. and Z. Ambassadors arrived from France, at the close of an unfortunate negotiation, when war appeared to be inevitable, the joy of the British nation was almost insupportable; the tongue of every orator, and every church bell from New Hampshire to Georgia, became an engine of gratulation to the forerunners of war. But now that a successful ambassador (Mr. Davis) has returned with the gilded tidings of peace, not a word is heard from the nation; no processions, no ringing of bells; all is mumbling. This argues much in condemnation of the enemies of Liberty, if, indeed, sufficient had not already appeared in judgment against them.
WASHINGTON, December 19.
FRENCH TREATY.
SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.
For four days past THE FRENCH TREATY has been before the Senate, who have been engaged in reading the documents that accompanied it which are circumstantial and which are part English, and part in French.
The following are its principal Features.
 1. The instrument is denominated a Convention.  2. It begins by laying aside for the present, and submitting to future negotiation and explanation, the obligations imposed by the treaty of 1778, and by the consular convention; declaring that in the mean time those acts shall be of no avail.  3. The period of its continuance is unlimited.  4. It directs a reciprocal restitution of all national armed ships captured by each nation.  5. It indirectly admits the ships of war of each nation, with their prizes, to obtain admission and asylum in the ports of the other.  6. It declares that the citizens of each nation shall recover from the citizens of the other or its government, all just demands, excepting property either confiscated or captured on the ocean under national authority.  7. It declares that in case of a declaration of war by one nation, the citizens of the other shall have twelve months to remove with their effects.  8. It establishes between the two nations the principle that free bottoms make free goods.  9. It declares that vessels of one nation sailing under convoy shall not be subject to examination by the armed ships of the other.  10. It considerably diminishes the list of contraband articles. 
THE TREATY WITH FRANCE having been previously printed for the use of the members, Mr. Morris moved on Wednesday the adoption of a rule, enjoining on the members secrecy in the case of all future treaties and the proceedings thereon, unless it should be otherwise directed by the Senate. The motion made did not in the least affect the proceedings of the Senate as to the Treaty now before them. On this motion the Senate were equally divided; and the Vice President gave his casting vote against it.
The reasons for rejecting this motion, we understand were that the time of opinion it was improper, as it might tend to impeach the conduct of members in the instance of the treaty before them, respecting which

there had been no special injunction of secrecy, and because its provisions were improper in themselves; it was alleged by those who voted against the motion that the true principle would be, that in all cases of treaties in which the President recommended secrecy, the injunction should exist until revoked by the Senate.
The following bill was read in the House of Representatives on Wednesday last.
A Bill concerning the District of Columbia.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the laws of the State of Virginia as they existed on the first Monday of December in the year 1800 shall be and continue in force in that part of the District of Columbia which was ceded by the said State to the United States, and by them accepted for the permanent seat of government: and that the laws of the State of Maryland, as they existed on the said first Monday in December shall be and continue in force in that part of the said District which was ceded by the State to the United States, and by them accepted as aforesaid.
Section 2. And be it further enacted, That all executive and judicial officers, appointed by the respective States of Virginia and Maryland, and who had jurisdiction in or over the said District, or any part thereof, on the said first Monday of December according to the tenor of the constitution and laws of the said States, shall continue to hold and exercise such jurisdiction until removed by the President of the United States; and that the appointment of all such officers hereafter, shall be made in the manner designated by the second section of the second article of the constitution of the United States.
Section 3. And be it further enacted, That nothing in this act contained shall in any wise alter, impeach or impair the rights granted by or derived from the acts of incorporation of Alexandria and George Town, or any other body corporate or politic within the said District.
December 26.
It is whispered that the President will nominate Albert Gallatin, a Secretary of the Treasury, to succeed Oliver Wolcott, even before the 4th March next! where is the citizen that more deserves the place or can more ably fill it?
Cabinet
CHARLESTON, December 13.
A BALANCE LOCK.
Says a Loudon paper of the 12th September, for transferring boats on canals from one level to another, was tried on the Dover and Somerset Canal, at Mells, on the 6th instant, and found complete in its answer. By this invention, the difficulties which have so long existed, of transferring boats on canals without loss of water, are now fully removed, and at a less expense than by any other scheme hitherto suggested, and it is very probable, that the necessity of tunnels will be thereby superceded. The experiment was made on a fall of 21 feet, and ladder boats transferred up and down in much less time than is employed in passing in common; but this invention is capable of being applied to a fall of 40 feet, or a much greater depth.
RALEIGH, (N. C.) Dec. 16.
On Thursday last, in the House of Commons, Mr. Fitt presented a bill for the further taxing of Bachelors, and to forward the population of the State, by promoting and encouraging matrimony.
PETERSBURG, December 23.
NEW CENSUS
For the town of Petersburg, for the year 1800.
Table with 2 columns: Category, Count. Rows include: Free white males under 16 years of age, 180; Do. from 16 to 26, 83; Do. 26 to 45, 286; Do. 45 and upwards, 304; Free white females under 10 years of age, 188; Do. from 10 to 16, 66; Do. 16 to 26, 173; Do. 26 to 45, 184; Do. 45 and upwards, 66; Free persons of colour, 428; Slaves, 1491; Total, 3520.
The following was the CENSUS for the town of Petersburg, in 1790.
Table with 2 columns: Category, Count. Rows include: Free white males of 16 years and upwards, 565; Free white males under 16 years, 197; Free white females, 444; All other free persons, 387; Slaves, 1241; Total, 2734.
JUST RECEIVED, And for sale at this Printing Office, An Oration
On the extent and power Of public delusion.
Delivered in Newhaven, on the evening preceding the Public commencement, September 1800.
BY ABRAHAM BISHOP. Dec. 15, 1800.
THE VIRGINIA ARGUS.
RICHMOND:
Friday, December 26, 1800.
Richard E. Lee's letter to the Governor of this State, referred to in the governor's address to the General Assembly.
SIR, WITHOUT apology for my not being personally known to you, I take the liberty of addressing you as chief magistrate of the Commonwealth of Virginia, on a subject, in my judgement highly interesting to the liberty and happiness of my fellow citizens.
Some time in the spring of last year, captain Truxton of the Constellation frigate sent to doctor I. K. Read one of the Almoners of the borough of Norfolk, a man who has since acknowledged himself one of the mutineers on board the Hermione frigate; the man was committed to jail, subject to the order of the British consul, by him taken out, sent to Jamaica, and there executed. This information is from doctor Read himself in the presence of Seth Foster, John Nivison, Orway Byrd, doctor Banvard, the British consul and several others; for on being asked by captain Truxton on Sunday last, what had become of the man he had sent as one of the mutineers on board the Hermione frigate, he replied that he had delivered him to the British consul, Mr. Hamilton who was present, observed, that he had sent him to Jamaica where he was hanged. Although this confession was made in the presence of staunch federalists and men of order, yet the principle was alarming and of course made some noise. As soon as I heard of it I applied to the jailor; the result of my enquiry is, that there was such a person committed by doctor Read, subject to the order of the British consul, that he was taken out of jail and put on board a British vessel; but what his fate was he knows not. The military he lays is either lost or mislaid. The jailor also informed me, that previous to this, another man was committed by doctor Read for the same offence; but that he died in jail before there was an opportunity of sending him away, a copy of that mutineer's I herewith lend you.
I shall forbear to remark on the dreadful consequences that may arise from conduct of this sort and shall only observe, that if men clothed with authority, can be made instruments of oppression to gratify the views of a British consul, we may bid adieu to the liberty and happiness of our country and every thing dear and valuable to us in life. From a conviction in my mind, that doctor Read's conduct has been improper, I have thought it incumbent on me to give you this information. I am very respectfully, Sir, Your obedient servant, RICHARD E. LEE. JAMES MONROE, Esq. Governor of Virginia.
VOIES FOR President and Vice-President.
Table with 2 columns: States, Votes. Rows include: New-Hampshire 6 6; Massachusetts 16 16; Rhode-Island 4 2; Connecticut 9 9; Vermont 4 4; New-York 12 12; New-Jersey 8 8; Pennsylvania 8 8; Delaware 7 7; Maryland 3 3; Virginia 21 21; Kentucky 5 5; Tennessee 5 5; North-Carolina 8 8; South-Carolina 8 8; Georgia 4 4. Totals: 66, 66, 65, 63, 2.
From a late Baltimore Paper.
That man greatly lives, What'er his fate or fame, who greatly dies High flung with hope, where heroes shall despair. Died, a few weeks ago, in Baltimore county, to which he had retreated during the prevalence of the fever. William Towler, long a respectable character of Fell's Point.
The circumstances attending his death, may be ranked among those of the most singular nature. Sed exitum vita, he appeared perfectly conscious of his approaching dissolution, and without the least agitation, requested his attendants to remove him out of the house immediately after his decease, with all the furniture therein; emphatically declaring the house would be consumed, particularly designating at the same time, the corner of the room in which the fire would originate. This request, tho' extremely coherent, was regarded only as a delirious effusion, and consequently unattended to. But the injunction being reiterated, a lady present, to alleviate his (in her estimation) groundless anxiety, sprinkled a quantity of water on that part which was the object of his apprehensions. Some short time after this he expired.
The persons engaged in the act of watching, being in a room below, one of them returned to that in which the corpse lay, at
stated periods, to snuff the candles. This office was duly executed till about 12 o'clock, when the person accustomed to perform it, entered the room for that purpose, and to her amazement, which can be better conceived than delineated, discovered a fire encircling in that very part of it where the deceased had predicted its origin. The candles were burning as usual, and the fire entirely remote from them. She endeavoured to remove the corpse, but found it impracticable, and before she could receive assistance to enable her to effect it, the room, having been recently painted, was so completely involved in flames as to render her escape difficult. The corpse, house, and furniture, then became a prey to the destructive element, and were totally consumed.
A coincidence of circumstances so rare and astonishing, have perhaps been seldom witnessed; they may however be relied on as true. And the incomprehensible is joined, Who dare pronounce it madness to believe?
The following singular account of a phenomenon which appeared in the new village of Quintana, in the Province of Buenos Ayres, is given in the Paris Papers, an extract from the Journal de Mer, of the 7th of July.
At 1 o'clock in the morning of the 1st of June, a stormy cloud was seen at the extremity of the village of Quintana, towards the north, and a very thick fog which seemed to proceed from the adjacent mountain having joined it in a very short time, they formed together a very fantastic figure, with arms, feet, and a long tail. The resemblance of a very large serpent, of a sky blue color, was soon after plainly discerned as proceeding from the junction of the cloud and fog which extended itself as far as to touch the earth. It emitted from time to time torrents of fire of a dark red color, and at length separated itself from the cloud in the direction of the village, with frequent eruptions of flames and spurts of fire. The inhabitants were very much terrified, but a violent gale from the north separated them from the southern extremity, while the greater part advanced within 100 paces of the village.
It was seen to tear up in its passage several large stones and trees. In particular, a very large oak was first stripped of its leaves, and afterwards torn up by the roots. It destroyed all the cherry and apple trees in its way and burnt up the ground over which it passed for more than fifty paces. This singular phenomenon continued its depredation for about 25 minutes and then again joined the cloud out of which it came. The damage which it did to the vineyards is very considerable.
This account is given upon the authority of the Curate of the village, and several respectable inhabitants who were eye witnesses of the transaction.
The Capitol in the Federal City.
From a Northern paper.
THE RED CHAIRS.
That part of the Capitol which is finished, and fitted up for the accommodation of the two Houses of Congress, is prepared in a style of elegance which reflects much credit upon the ability and taste of Mr. Claxton who has the direction of it; much more indeed than the extravagance of the appropriations do upon the economy of those who voted for them. In England the members of the House of Commons are so simple in their manners, that they can sit upon benches. This practice has attained in most of the American States. Where then shall we find a precedent to justify, or reason to excuse the profligacy of expending twenty dollars to build a gaudy, sumptuous chair, for the seat of a Member of Congress? Does it comport with the plainness and simplicity which ought to pervade every branch of a Republican Government? Or does it quadrat with the state of our finances, when our national debt is increasing with gigantic strides (it will always increase in equal pace with corruption and extravagance) & when we are paying usurious interest for additional loans every year? Is it not extraordinary that a country extending two thousand miles in length, bounded on the two sides by the Atlantic and the Mississippi, cannot procure materials for that simple convenience a chair? Surprising! But it has been thought necessary to send to the West-Indies for mahogany; to London for red morocco or goat skin, and to Birmingham for nails, to construct this intricate piece of furniture! Where are the surprising advantages of those gaudy fixtures in the Senate Chamber? We see that the members do not fly to their glittering seats with more ardour, nor with so much punctuality as do the Representatives, whose furniture is more plain; and where is the propriety of this distinction? Two words will account for the exotic qualities of the red chairs! British Influence! The British wish to promote extravagance with us, to destroy our republican system; They wish us to go to their islands for mahogany, for the same reason that we with them to come for our lumber: If they can sell us manufactured goods, it promotes their manufacturing interest: So it is with the brass nails, &c.
Although we cannot excise the folly, or apologete for the profligacy of this management, no reflection ought to rest with Mr. Claxton, he has only performed what he was ordered to do, and that with much neatness and elegance.
A correspondent observes, that it would save much time if the Congress and President of the United States, in future were to answer and reply in Stanzas something like the following:
Address of the Men of Coventry, to Queen Elizabeth.
We Men of Coventry Are very glad to see Your Royal Majesty. Good Lord! how fair you be.
Answer. Our Royal Majesty Are very glad to see You Men of Coventry. Good Lord! what fools ye be, (Leicester Intelligence)
BISHOP'S ORATION. (Says a New York paper) comprehends instruction for the deluded, and a feast of fat things for the enlightened patriot: it is an invaluable performance, clothed in the plain garb of simplicity and unerring truth. It is an excellent antidote to keep off the spumes of Aristocracy, and diminish the efficacy of Kings, Lords, and Noblemen, in the eyes of unenlightened men; it is more favorable to the growth of true Republican principle than anything, comprised in its limits, now existing. It may be had at the office of the Virginia Argus.
To all Females whom it may concern. LADIES.
A good wife should be like three things; which three things she should not be like. First. She should be like a snail, always keep within her own house; but she should not be like a snail, to carry all she has upon her back! Second. She should be like an echo, to speak when she is spoken to; but she should not be like an echo, always to have the last word! Third. She should be like a town clock, always keep time and regularity—but she should not be like a town clock, to speak so loud that all the town may hear her!
National Magazine
Published at the Seat of the National Government.
THE patrons of this work are respectfully informed, that it will, during the present session of Congress, (and longer, if the experiment meets their approbation) be issued weekly, in 5 CUTIONS, containing six pages, & six sections to compose a number, of 96 pages.
The reasons of this innovation are numerous; amongst others, the difficulty of transmitting them to subscribers was exceedingly great, & too cumbrous for admission into the mail, they were necessarily committed to the precarious modes of wagons and water-conveyances;—this has been a constant source of disappointment and vexation as well to subscribers as to myself. In its present shape those difficulties will be avoided; they will be regularly sent in the mail, and the postage cannot exceed a dollar a year to the most distant subscriber. The anxiety which rests upon the mind of every politician, to obtain correct & early details of the Proceedings of Congress, could not be gratified by a publication issued but twice in a quarter of a year; for their accommodation, and my own interest, I have adopted the present plan, presuming that its usefulness will ensure it the approbation of all the subscribers.
The Subscribers are requested to call at the Post-Office nearest to their respective places of residence, and receive the Sections as they will be addressed to them, regularly at least once a week.
THE CABINET,
A National Paper, is published daily in the District of Columbia, by the Editor of the National Magazine, price five dollars a year, half paid in advance.
A sum of Money
HAS BEEN FOUND, Which the owner may obtain by giving a satisfactory description of the same to the Printer.
(A) Dec. 25 1800.
VIRGINIA:
At a Court continued and held for Halifax county, on Thursday the 28th day of August, 1800.
Martin Miller, pt. Against James Vaughan & Thomas Douglas, defts. In Chancery.
The defendant, Douglas, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this county; On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is Ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the fourth Monday in March next, and answer the plaintiff's bill; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of the said county.
A Copy, Teste, Berryman Green, d. c. b. c.
H. WILBAR,
Offers himself in the capacity of a PRIVATE TUTOR, as a teacher of the English Language, Writing in all its fashionable hands, Arithmetic, Merchants' Accounts, &c. He flatters himself he stands unrivalled. A handsome salary and genteel accommodations will be expected. Apply to him at Col. Gooch's Tavern, Richmond, Dec. 22d, 1800. (2)
TAKEN UP by the subscriber, living in Halifax county, on the south side of Dan river, near the Reedy Bottom, a large likely work STEER, dark red colour, darker about his head, a white spot under the right flank—marked a crop and a hole in the right ear, on the upper edge a cut with a knife, but no part taken out, Appraised to £6 current money.
James Scott.
Oct. 3d, 1800. 3f
TAKEN UP by the subscriber, at Cold Harbour, on the 28th day of this month, a BAY MARE, four years old, four feet nine inches high, hanging mane and tail, her two hind feet white up to the hocks, remarkable for a ring in her forehead. Totted and appraised to £22 10s.
James Atkinson. Dec. 29, 1800. 3w
At a Court continued and held for Buckingham county, to wit 13th day of November, 1800.
John Ried, pt. In Chancery. John Katen and John Masters, defts.
The defendants, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this county; On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is Ordered, that the said defendants do appear here on the first day of March next, and answer the bill of the plaintiff; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in one of the Richmond newspapers for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county.
A Copy, Teste, Belling Branch, d. c. b. c.
To be Sold or Rented,
A tract of Land,
Containing 100 acres by an old survey, in the county of Charles City, late the property of Col. O. Byrd, deceased. This tract, which is known by the name of RIVEREDGE, lies on James river, at the distance of only twenty-five miles from Petersburg, and thirty from Richmond. There is a good dwelling house on the land situated near the river, and commanding a canal prospect; a Mill capable of grinding for a few families, an Orchard of thriving apple trees, also a valuable Fishery.
The greatest part of this tract is wood land, and the cleared ground is well adapted to the cultivation of corn and wheat, a good crop of which is now growing. The terms of sale may be known on application to Mr. William Mansfield, of the county of Mecklenburg, or to the subscriber.
ANNA BYRD, Administratrix With the Will annexed of Orway Byrd deceased. November 21st, 1800.
Notice.
ALL persons having just claims on the estate of Matthew Cox, deceased, may have them satisfied, and receive payment, by applying to the subscribers. Those who are indebted to said estate are earnestly requested to come forward and settle their accounts, otherwise they will be proceeded with the utmost rigour of the law, as it is with the subscribers, to close their administration with all possible dispatch.
George Cox, Esq. Admng. Zachock Lackland, Admng. store Buckingham county, Dec. 20, 1800. (10)
TO BE SOLD,
For Ready Money, By virtue of a Deed of Trust from David Ross Esq. all that well known and valuable Estate, in the county of Montgomery, called
Fort-Lewis,
Containing about 2,800 acres. Also, a highly valuable
Plantation and Estate,
At Goochland Courthouse, Including the courthouse, tavern and buildings, said to contain about 100 acres.
The many advantages of these two desirable tracts are so well known as to make a description of them unnecessary. They will positively be sold, at the Eagle Tavern, on Monday the 13th of January, 1801.
ILLIAM HAY, DUNCAN ROSE, JOHN WICKHAM } Comm'rs. Richmond, Dec. 8, 1800. ids
LOST,
A Post Note, Of the United States of 3000 Dollars;
AND having apprized all the Banks in the United States of the marks of the said bill, it can be of no real use to any one but the owner; but as he feels an inconvenience from the want of it, he will pay any person ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS that has been so fortunate as to have found it, and will deliver the same to John Tayloe. Richmond, Dec. 21st, 1800.
The printers in the United States, are requested to publish the above advertisement in their respective papers for three times, and to forward their accounts to Mr. Augustine Davis, Postmaster, Richmond, for payment.
FOR CASH
On Thursday, 30th day of January, 1801, at Mr. Richard Bowler's Tavern, in the City of Richmond, will be SOLD, Two likely Virginia born
SLAVES,
Belonging to the estate of Joseph Lewis, dec. of Powhatan county, one of which is a very good carpenter, the other a good farmer. Those having claims against said estate are requested to bring them forward on that day, otherwise this notice will be paid in bar.
By the Executors.
Likewise, on the same day and place, will be Sold, for cash, several Negroes, consisting of men and women, belonging to the estate of William Lewis, deceased, of Henrico.
By the Administrator. Powhatan, December 20, 1800
Stop the Thief!
Stolen, on the night of the 13th instant, from the neighbourhood of Fluvanna courthouse—a pair of handsome
SORREL HORSES:
One about 5 feet high, the other a little upwards—the largest has three white feet, the other has one, I believe the right hind foot—they have both full blaze faces, almost precisely alike. If they are together they will be noticed as an excellent match. Whoever will deliver them at Col. Richardson's or Mr. Strange's in Fluvanna, shall receive one hundred dollars reward. George C. Thompson.

INFORMATION.
DESCRIPTION OF WORMS, And the symptoms by which they are known.
Worms which infest the human body, are chiefly of four kinds; viz. The Cerebrum or head round worm, the Ascarides, or small thread worm, and lastly, the Taenia, or tape worm, so called from its resemblance to tape, this is often many yards long and full of joints—it is most hurtful and most difficult to cure.
Among the symptoms attending worms, are, disagreeable breath, especially in the morning—Bad and corrupted gums—Itching in the nose, and about the seat—Convulsions and epileptic fits, and sometimes privation of speech—Starting and grinding of the teeth in sleep—Irregular appetite, sometimes loathing food and sometimes voracious—Purgings, with slimy and foetid stools—Vomiting—Large and hard belly—Pains and sickness at the stomach—Pains in the head and thighs, with loathsomeness of spirits—Slow fever, with small and irregular pulse—A dry cough—Excitability—Sometimes pale and unhealthy countenance, and sometimes the face bloated and flushed.
Persons afflicted with any of the above symptoms, should have immediate recourse to HAMILTON'S WORM DESTROYING LOZENGES, which have been constantly attended with great success in all complaints similar to those above described.
This medicine, which is innocent and mild, as it is certain and efficacious in its operation, cannot injure the youngest infant or the most delicate pregnant lady, should no worms exist in the body; but will without pain or gripping cleanse the stomach and bowels, removing whatever is foul, or offensive within, particularly that slimy humor from whence worms and many fatal disorders proceed.
Children generally take this medicine with a glee; having a pleasing appearance, and an agreeable taste.
AS UPWARDS OF FIFTY THOUSAND PERSONS Of both sexes & of every age have received benefit from this extraordinary medicine, a multitude of certificates of cures may be seen in addition to those already published.
THE GENUINE PERSIAN LOTION,
So celebrated among the fashionable in France, Great Britain and Italy, as an invaluable cosmetic, perfectly innocent and safe, free from corrosive and repellent minerals, (the basis of other Lotions) and of unparallelled efficacy in preventing and removing cutaneous blemishes of the face and skin of every kind, particularly freckles, pimples, pits after the small-pox, inflammatory redness, scurf, tetter, ring worms, sun-burns, prickly heat, premature wrinkles, &c.
The Persian Lotion operates mildly, without impeding that natural essential perspiration which is essential to health. Yet its salutary effects are speedy and permanent, rendering the skin delicately soft and smooth, improving the complexion and restoring the bloom of youth.
The Damask Lip Salve,
Is recommended (particularly to the ladies) as an elegant and pleasant preparation for chopped & sore lips & every blemish and inconvenience occasioned by colds, fevers, &c. speedily restoring a beautiful rosy colour and delicate softness to the lips.
THE RESTORATIVE POWDER,
FOR THE TEETH AND GUMS. This excellent preparation comforts and strengthens the gums, preserves the enamel from decay, and cleanses and whitens the teeth, absorbing all that acrimonious slime and foulness, which suffered to accumulate, never fails to injure and finally ruin them.
Dr. HAHN'S True and genuine German Corn Plaister.
An infallible remedy for corns, speedily removing them root and branch, without giving pain.
Dr. HAHN'S Genuine Eye Water.
A sovereign remedy for all diseases of the eyes, whether the effect of natural weakness or of accident, speedily removing inflammation, obnoxious rheume, dullness, itching and films on the eye, never failing to cure those maladies which frequently succeed the small pox, measles, and fever, and wonderfully strengthening a weak sight. Hundreds have experienced its excellent virtues, when nearly deprived of sight.
Tooth Ache Drops.
The only remedy yet discovered which gives immediate and lasting relief in the most severe instances.
SOVEREIGN OINTMENT FOR THE ITCH.
An infallible and immediate cure, at once removing the most obstinate eruptions.
any other pernicious ingredient in its composition. It is universally esteemed the most safe and pleasant, as well as effectual remedy ever discovered, and may be used with the greatest propriety by pregnant women, or on the youngest infants. (In boxes at three quarters of a dollar each.)
THE TASTELESS Ague and Fever Drops,
For the Cure of Agues, Remittent and Intermitting Fevers. Thousands can testify of their being cured by these Drops, after the Bark and every other medicine had proved ineffectual; and not one in an hundred has had occasion to take more than one, and numbers not half a bottle.
These Drops are particularly recommended to the inhabitants of low marshy countries, where the worst sort of Agues generally prevail, which unless early attended to and speedily removed, injure the constitution exceedingly, and bring on Dropsies, Catarrh Fevers, and a variety of complaints, of the most dangerous and alarming nature. Many other Medicines are daily offered to the public for the cure of this disorder, which upon trial have been found either dangerous or useless. The Bark is the only remedy made use of, but being a very noxious medicine, and seldom taken in a sufficient quantity, it very often fails, and Children and those who have weak stomachs are frequently lost for want of a more easy and pleasant remedy.
Sold by Lee & Co. Baltimore, and by S. PLEASANTS, jun. (only) in Richmond.
PREVENTION BETTER THAN CURE.
For the prevention and cure of bilious and malignant fevers is recommended.
Dr. HAHN'S ANTI-BILIOUS PILLS. Which have been attended with a degree of success highly grateful to the inventor's feelings, in several parts of the West Indies, and the United States, particularly in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charleston and Savannah. The testimony of a number of persons in each of the above places can be adduced, who have reason to believe that a timely use of this salutary remedy, has under providence, preserved their lives, when in the most alarming circumstances. Facts of this conclusive nature, speak more in favor of a medicine than columns of pompous eulogy founded on mere assertion could do.
It is not indeed presumptuously proposed as an infallible cure, but the inventor has every possible reason that can result from extensive experience, for believing that a dose of these pills, taken once every two weeks, during the prevalence of our annual bilious fevers, will prove an infallible preventive—and further, that in the earlier stages of these diseases, their use will very generally succeed in re-tiring health, and frequently in cases esteemed desperate, and beyond the power of common remedies.
The operation of these pills is perfectly mild, so as to be used with safety by persons in every situation, and in every age.
They are excellently adapted to carry off superfluous bile, and prevent its morbid secretions—to restore and amend the appetite—to produce a free perspiration, & there, by prevent colds, which are often of fatal consequences—A dose never fails to remove a cold if taken on its first appearance—They are celebrated for removing habitual constipation—fickleness at the stomach and severe head-ache—and ought to be taken by all persons on a change of climate.
They have been found remarkably efficacious in preventing and curing disorders attendant on long voyages, and should be procured, and carefully preserved for use by every seaman.
Dr. Hahn has appointed R. Lee & Co. Baltimore, his wholesale agents for the United States, and authorized them to place their signature on each box; without which none are genuine.
Sold in Richmond by S. PLEASANTS, jun. only.
20 Dollars Reward
RAN-AWAY from the subscriber, living in the lower end of Hanover, about the 20th day of May last, a tall, straight, black Negro Woman, by the name of POLLY;
about 24 or 25 years of age, with large, heavy white eyes, speaks very fast when a little agitated, and has sustained a small injury to the end of the middle finger of her right hand by a whew. She had formerly a husband in George, a mulatto man servant belonging to John May, Esq. near Richmond, and who eloped from his master about twelve months ago, and is not yet recovered.—It is expected that the above woman has been enticed or taken off by him. Whoever will deliver the said negro woman to me, or secure her in some jail so that I get her again, shall receive the above reward.
John Williamson. Richmond, August 23, 1800.
At a Court held for Prince Edward County, October 20th, 1800.
Richard Blanton, plt. } In Against } Chancery. John Blanton, deft.
THE defendant not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state: On the motion of the plaintiff by his attorney, It is Ordered , that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of March next and answer the plaintiff's bill; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the public newspapers in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and also posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county.
A Copy, true, Ben. Watkins, d. c.
Electricity.
THE subscriber having for many years, and at a very considerable expense, practised the science of Electricity, and during that period been successful in removing many complaints; he, in compliance with a very general and urgent request, now offers his humble services to the public. No pains or expense have been spared to render his Electrical Machine complete for Medical purposes, none other being contemplated at present. It is said, by all who have seen it, to exceed anything of the kind that ever came within their observation, for elegance, magnitude and effect.
To the gentlemen of the faculty he particularly addresses himself, assuring them that his utmost efforts shall be exerted to follow faithfully their advice, respecting any patient whom they may recommend to his attention; he having made such arrangements in his professional business, as will enable him to dedicate a greater portion of his time than formerly to the above pursuit. He hopes that his ability will merit their approbation, and that his charges will not be considered extravagant. He has provided a genteel apartment for the purpose.
Archibald Currie. Richmond, Dec. 15, 1800. N. B. Those who favor him with their attendance will please to provide a person to keep the machine in motion. The time of attendance will but seldom depend upon the state of the weather, as the apparatus will always be kept in the best order.
THE subscribers and members of the Mutual Insurance Company, against Fire on Goods and Furniture in the State of Virginia, are hereby requested to attend in person or by proxy, their general annual Meeting, to be held on the second Wednesday in next January, being the fourteenth day of the said month.
W. F. AST, Principal Agent. Richmond, Dec. 6, 1800. [w.4t]
Ten Dollars Reward.
Strayed or stolen, the latter end of July or beginning of August last, from the plantation of major John Nelson in the county of Mecklenburg,
A bright bay mare
Got by Old Wildair, which as well as much high blood she plainly shews; 7 or 8 years old, about 5 feet 8 inches high, with a hanging mane and long tail, a few white hairs in her forehead, black legs which are much fluted, the sinews being large and appear very plain, her hind legs very crooked, stand much under her, and bounds in her paces.
I will give the above reward to have said mare delivered to me here, or to Mr. Thomas Vaughan in Mecklenburg, or five dollars for such information that may lead to my getting her again.
James Strange. Richmond, 8th Dec. 1800. w3t
COPPER & TIN WARE Manufactory.
THE subscriber returns his sincere thanks to a generous public, for the very great encouragement he has met with in his line of business; and begs leave to inform his friends & customers, that he has on hand a quantity of STRONG STOUT COPPER in SHEETS and bottoms, that they may be supplied with STILLs on the shortest notice, either with PATENT, COPPER or PEWTER WORMS.
He has a number of STILLs of all sizes finished and ready for delivery, made on the best and most improved principles, which he is determined to sell at the most reduced prices.
WILLIAM COOK. N. B. All kinds of TIN WORK as usual.
The highest cash price given for old BRASS, COPPER, PEWTER or LEAD
For Sale, THAT VALUABLE TRACT OF LAND,
IN the county of Powhatan, whereon I reside, containing between five and six hundred acres, on which are considerable improvements almost new, and suited to the reception of a genteel family.
On this tract of land there is an excellent Merchant Mill, situated on a never failing stream, and in a neighbourhood where the custom is considerable and renders the mill an object; it has been built within three years past, and is in good order.
The land is suited to the culture of tobacco, corn and small grain, and lies within 20 miles of Richmond, and in an agreeable neighbourhood. A further description is deemed unnecessary, as it is presumed any one inclined to purchase, would first view the premises. The terms of payment, &c. which will be made easy and convenient to the purchaser, will be made known by
GEORGE SMITH. Powhatan, Dec. 2, 1800. 3w
For sale at this Office, A MAP OF THE RIVER RHINE, From NIMEGUEN to BASLE; Showing the actual SEAT OF WAR, between the French and Austrians.
—ALSO— A MAP Showing the SEAT OF WAR IN GERMANY and ITALY, 1800. Nov. 1.
Twenty Dollars Reward.
Ran away last evening, a girl, by the name of
MOLLY;
She is a likely mulatto, upwards of twenty years of age, of middle size, very fond of smoking, when spoken to has a smiling look—her clothing will change often I suppose, as she has some variety, and will procure free papers if she should leave Richmond and Manchester. She was raised in the estate of the rev. Price Davies, dec. of Newkent county, and sold to Mr. John Piemont, who sold her to me. I will give the above reward for bringing her home, and reasonable charges if brought a distance, in addition.
W. Munson. Manchester, Dec. 9, 1800. (t.f)
Just Published, (Price, three quarters of a dollar)
THE Prospect before Us, VOL. II. PART I.
Sold by M. Jones, and S. Pleasants, jun. Richmond.
For Sale, or to be Rented,
The noted Tavern,
ON the main street, in the town of Manchester, lately occupied, and has been for seven years past, by Mr. Zachariah Brooks, who from his attention, and the situation of the place, has made an easy fortune. To sum up any thing of the convenience of this tenement for public business, I observe, as the place when viewed will speak for itself.
Any additional improvements that may be thought necessary or required by the person who rents it, shall be done immediately, and petition given the first day of March, 1801.
Francis Smith. Chesterfield county, Nov. 15, 1800. (t.f)
If any one is ill and knows not his disorder, let him suspect the Scurvy.
For Preventing and Curing the SEA AND LAND SCURVY, Leptosis, Ulcers and old sores, Impurities of the blood, Scrofulous complaints, Ounces, Kings Evil, Cutaneous Eruptions, Pains in the head arising from nervous or Rheumatic Complaints—Is recommended
THE PATENT CONCENTRATED
Essence of Scurvy-Grass, Invented and prepared only by Dr. James Church, No. 137, Front Street, New-York, and sold by his appointment at one dollar per bottle, by Samuel Pleasants, jun. Printer, Richmond.
TO THE PUBLIC.
I feel peculiar satisfaction in recommending this preparation of Scurvy-Grass to public notice, from a conviction of its intrinsic value and superior virtues; having uniformly adopted its use in my own practice, for upwards of eight years, with the greatest success, far beyond my most sanguine expectations: these motives alone have induced me to introduce it in this manner, as a public medicine, not doubting, from the immense number of cures it has already performed, but it will receive every patronage from those who are made acquainted with its efficacy, and that it will eventually become one of the most popular medicines ever known.
JAMES CHURCH. New-York, May 2, 1800
Found, A sum of money,
Which the owner may recover, by applying at this office and proving property.
To be Sold, A well Finished Three Story HOUSE,
With a Kitchen, Stable, Smoke-house, Coach house and Garden—on the main street a few doors below the courthouse, at present occupied by Jacob Abraham. For further particulars apply to the subscriber.
Jacob I. Cohen, On Shocock Hill. Richmond, Jan. 27, 1800. (t.f)
Just Received, And for Sale at S. Pleasants' Book- Store,
VIEWS OF THE PUBLIC DEBT, RECEIPTS, & EXPENDITURES OF THE
UNITED STATES, By ALBERT GALLATIN.
ALSO, Hamilton's Letter TO President Adams, Together with his Amorous Vindication.
I WANT to hire for the ensuing year, a few COOPERS.
Joseph Gallego. November 7, 1800.
THE SUBSCRIBER,
ANXIOUS to discharge every just claim against his proportion of the estate of Robert Bolling, Esq. of Buckingham county, deceased, will SELL upwards of one hundred acres of best James river
Low Grounds,
In Amherst county, near Lynchburg, and next to the lines of Mr. William Galt, with the adjoining Higu Lands, and a most valuable Mill Seat, not far from the mouth of Big Stovall's creek.
Also, two Tracts in Buckingham county (one of 320, and the other of 280 acres) at prim.
Tobacco Land,
On the north branches of Willis's river. The Amherst land will be shown by my overseer on the premises, and the Buckingham lands by the subscriber, for which one third of the purchase money will be required in hand, and the balance in two annual payments.
P. BOLLING. Buckingham county, } 10th July, 1800. } (t.f)
Last Notice.
ANY person or persons indebted to me, or the late concern of AUBIN LAFOREST & CO. are requested for the last time, to come forward and settle their accounts, as no more indulgence can be granted.
Aubin Laforest
With grateful acknowledgments to a generous public and to his friends in general, offers to sell for Cash only, at his Retail Store, between Messrs. Gilliat & Kirby's and Mr. Joseph Gallego's.
A general & complete assortment of
Groceries,
Glass & China Ware,
In small and large Sets. Richmond, December 9, 1800.
TO MILLERS.
An Excellent Assortment of DUTCH BOLTING CLOTHS, ARE JUST RECEIVED, and for Sale at the Store of the Subscriber,
Joseph Darmstadt. January 1, 1800. (t.f)
Joseph Gallego
Has received by the brig Eliza , lately arrived at Norfolk, from
Madeira,
A parcel of Choice
LONDON PARTICULAR
Old Madeira WINE,
Which he offers for Sale by the
Pipe, Hoghead, Quarter and Half
Quarter Cask. Richmond, Dec. 9, 1800.
Lewis Sestie,
WATCH & CLOCK MAKER,
FROM GENEVA;
BEGS leave to inform his friends & the public, that having recovered his health, he will be able to carry on heretofore, his business, to the satisfaction of his numerous customers. Watches, Clocks, & Repeating Watches
Neatly repaired and warranted,
He has for Sale,
GILT WATCH KEYS & SEALS,
And an assortment of
JEWELLERY. Nov. 24, 1800. (ep6t)
FOR SALE,
At Samuel Pleasants' Printing-
Office, [By the Dozen or Single Copy,]
THE COLUMBIAN
Spelling & Reading
BOOK:
OR AN EASY AND ALLURING GUIDE TO SPELLING AND READING.
Bound Almanacks
FOR 1801. For sale at this Printing-Office.

WASHINGTON, December 22.
CONVENTION BETWEEN THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, ONE AND INDIVISIBLE, AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
[Translated from a Paris paper, for the CABINET.]
THE first Consul of the French Republic, and the constituted authorities of the United States, being sincerely disposed to terminate the differences which have unhappily arisen between the two sister Republics, have appointed Plenipotentiaries fully empowered for that purpose. Upon the most mature and harmonious deliberation, they have agreed to the following Convention:
Art. I. There shall be a sincere and universal Peace, and inviolable Friendship between the two countries, and the inhabitants thereof.
Art. II. All operations respecting the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce of February 6, 1778, and the Convention of November 14, 1788, between the two present contracting parties; and likewise the subject of indemnity are to be suspended till a further negotiation takes place; and till a more complete accommodation is effected, the affairs of the two countries shall be regulated as follows:
Art. III. All public vessels which may have been, or hereafter shall be taken previous to the ratification of this Convention, shall be mutually restored.
Art. IV. All effects captured and not yet condemned, or which may be captured previous to the final establishment of this Convention, (contraband goods destined to an enemies port, excepted) are to be mutually given up to the owners, upon the proof of their ownership, which in cases of armed as well as unarmed vessels, of either power, shall consist of a passport in the following form:
"To all to whom these presents shall come, Greeting. This is to make known, that permission has been given to master and commander of the vessel, called [blank], and bound for [blank], and laden with [blank], after his vessel has been visited, and before sailing, he shall make oath before the proper maritime officers, that the said vessel belongs to one or more of the citizens of [blank], the form whereof shall be put at the close of this passport; and likewise that the said master shall keep on board the maritime regulations, & enter into the proper office, a list signed and witnessed, of the names and surnames and places of birth & residence, of the crew of the vessel, and all others who shall embark on board her. And he shall take none on board without permission of the officers of marine; and in every port or haven where he shall enter his vessel, he shall lay before the proper officers his present leave, & render a faithful account of the occurrences of his voyage; and he shall carry the arms, ensigns, and colours of the French Republic or of the United States, during his voyage. In testimony whereof these presents have been signed & the seal of our arms thereunto affixed. and we have caused the same to be countersigned by [blank], the day of [blank], Anno Domini [blank]."
Which passport will be sufficient without any accompanying paper, any ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding; and it shall not be
deemed necessary to have it renewed or recalled whatever number of voyages the vessel may have made, unless it shall have returned home within one year. Certificates, in customary form, containing particulars of the cargo, the place where the vessel cleared, and where she is bound, shall be made by the proper officers, so that forbidden and contraband goods may be distinguished. If the passport or certificates, or both, shall be destroyed by accident or force, their deficiency may be supplied by such other proofs of ownership as are customary, in the usage of nations. The commission they bear shall be sufficient proof with respect to ships of war.
This article to take effect from the date and signing of the present convention. And if after said date, and before a knowledge of this agreement be obtained, any property shall be condemned, contrary to the spirit of this convention, such property shall be restored or paid for.
Art. V. Debts contracted by either nation, with individuals of the other, or by the individuals of one nation with those of the other, may be prosecuted for, the same as if there had been no rupture between the two countries. But this clause shall not extend to indemnities to be claimed for captures or confiscations.
Art. VI. Commerce between the two republics shall be free. The vessels, and privateers as well as the prizes of either nation, shall be treated in the ports of the other, as those of the nation most favored. The two nations shall enjoy, with regard to navigation and commerce all the privileges of the ports of each other, which are granted by either to the most favoured nation.
Art. VII. The citizens and inhabitants of either country shall be at liberty to dispose of their property of every kind, moveable and immoveable, in such manner as they please. And those citizens and inhabitants of one country, who shall be heir of goods, moveable or immoveable in the other, may succeed ab intestato , without being compelled to obtain letters of naturalization, and without having the effect of this provision, contested or impeded under any pretext whatever; & said heirs shall be exempted from all duty whatever. This article is not to derogate from laws now in force, or hereafter to be enacted to prevent emigration; and likewise, in case the laws of either nation shall restrict the exercise of the rights of property, with respect to real estate, then such estate may be sold, to citizens or inhabitants of the country where it may be, and the other nation shall be at liberty to enact similar laws.
Art. VIII. In case war should break out between the two nations, which God avert, six months after the declaration of war, shall be allowed for the merchants and citizens to sell or remove their property, their persons or property shall not be seized during said term, passports shall be given them on their vessels and effects, and full satisfaction shall be made to them for any injury which may be done to them within that time.
Art. IX. No debts due from individuals of either nation to those of the other, nor stock or monies in the public funds, or public or private banks, shall, in the event of war or national difference be sequestered or confiscated.
Art. X. The two contracting parties shall have liberty to appoint agents for the protection of commerce, to reside in France & America; but each party may except such place as they may think proper
from such residence of these agents; Before any such agent shall take upon him his functions, he shall be received in the customary forms by the party to whom he is sent, & when he is received and furnished with his exequatur, he shall possess the rights and privileges of like agents of the most favored nations.
Art. XI. The citizens of the French Republic shall be liable in the ports, havens, roads, places, islands, cities, and towns of the United States, to no greater or different duties or imposts of any kind, than the most favored nations are or may be subject to, and they shall possess all the rights, liberties, advantages, immunities, & reservations in commerce, whether in going from one port to another in said country, or in going to or from the same, to or from any other part of the world, which are, or shall be enjoyed by the said states. And the citizens of the United States shall in like manner, be entitled to the same advantages and immunities for their persons and property, and trade and navigation in the European territories of the French Republic.
Art. XII. The ships and merchandise of the citizens of either country, (not trading in contraband goods,) shall be permitted to sail from any port whatever, to any port of the enemy of the other, with perfect security and liberty, from the ports of those who are enemies of both or either party, without interruption, and to pass not only directly from the ports of the enemy to neutral ports, but also from one port of an enemy to another port of an enemy, whether they are under the jurisdiction of the same power, or under several, unless such ports shall be actually invested.
It having often happened that vessels sail for the port of an enemy, without knowing the same to be any ways invested; it is provided, that vessels so situated, may be turned away, but shall not be detained, or any part of their lawful cargo be forfeited, unless the attempts to enter the place invested, and after being informed thereof. And any vessel of either power, which may enter any port or place before the same is actually besieged, or shall be found in such place after its surrender, shall, with her cargo, be restored to the owners.
Art. XIII. It is agreed that the following articles shall be deemed contraband of war, viz. Gunpowder, salt-petre, perards, matches, ball, bombs, grenades, carcasses, pikes, halberds, swords, belts, pistols, holsters, cavalry, saddles and equipage, cannon and their carriages, mortars and their beds, and all kinds of arms, ammunition of war, and instruments for the use of troops; all these articles when destined to the port of an enemy, are declared to be subject to confiscation; but this is not to affect the vessel or the residue of the cargo, whether belonging to the same, or a different owner.
Art. XIV. Free ships shall make free goods, and every thing shall be deemed free, which shall be laden on board the vessels of either of the parties in this contract, altho' the whole or a part of such lading may belong to the enemies of either (contraband goods excepted) and the same privilege shall extend to persons on board a free ship, and they shall not forcibly be taken therefrom unless they are in the service of the enemy.
Art. XV. It is further agreed that all property, of whatever nature belonging to the citizens of either party, and found laden on board the vessel of an enemy, shall be liable to seizure and confiscation. Provided, that goods taken on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or without a knowledge of it, shall be restored to the owners; and it is agreed that the term of two months being passed after a declaration of war, no one shall avail himself of the plea of ignorance as mentioned in this article.
Art. XVI. Merchant vessels belonging to either of the contracting parties, bound to the port of an enemy of either, and concerning whole voyage, and the articles of their cargo, there is any cause of suspicion, the passport and certificates of such suspected vessel shall be exhibited, as well on the high seas as in the ports or roads, to the party having cause of suspicion.
Art. XVII. The better to prevent future misunderstandings, it is stipulated, that
when one party shall be engaged in a war, while the other remains neutral, the ships of the neutral party shall be furnished with such passport as is described in the 4th article of this Convention; they shall be valid for any number of years; but if the ship returns home within a year, the passport shall be renewed; and in case the ship is laden, it shall be accompanied with certificates, as specified in said 4th article; and no other paper shall be required. And in case the vessel of such neutral power shall be detected in carrying contraband goods, and shall offer to deliver them up, they shall be received if it is convenient from the quantity of the goods and the vessel be permitted to pursue its voyage; but if it is not convenient to take such contraband goods on board, then the vessel on board of which they are laden, may be carried into port for the delivery of the same.
In case any ship is not furnished with a proper passport and certificates the case must be examined by a proper judge or tribunal, and if it shall appear from other documents admissible by the usage of nations, that the ship belongs to the citizens of the neutral party, it shall not be forfeited, but released, with her cargo, (if not contraband) and be permitted to proceed.
No damage shall arise to a vessel or cargo, from the death or removal of the captain or master named in the passport, and the substitution of another person in his place.
Art. XVIII. If the vessels of the citizens of one nation are met with by the armed vessels or privateers of the other, either on the high seas, or sailing along the coast, to prevent disorder, said ships of war or privateers shall remain out of cannon shot, and may send their boats, with two or three men on board, who may enter said merchant vessel, to whom the commander shall exhibit his passport. And it is agreed that the neutral party shall not upon any pretence be compelled to go on board of the armed vessel for examination or other purpose.
Art. XIX. The preceding stipulations relate altogether to the conduct to be observed towards vessels of a neutral party sailing without a convoy. It being the intention of the parties to observe such respect for the flag of the public ships of each nation, that it shall not be lawful for vessels of war or privateers to visit merchant vessels under the protection of a convoy. The verbal declaration of the commander of a convoy, that the ships under his protection belong to the nation whose flag he carries, and that they have no contraband goods on board, shall be considered by the cruisers as sufficient; the two contracting parties hereby engaging not to admit under the protection of their convoys, ships which shall carry contraband goods.
Art. XX. When a vessel shall be captured or detained on pretence of carrying contraband goods, the captor shall annex a receipt to a descriptive list of all the papers which he shall retain; and he shall not break up or open the hatches, chests, trunks, cases, bales, or vessels, found on board, or remove any part of the cargo, unless the lading be brought on shore in presence of the proper officers, and an inventory be made by them of the said goods. And they shall not sell or exchange the same, until there shall have been lawful process thereon by competent and proper judges, who shall regularly pronounce sentence of confiscation on the same, saving always the ship and the other goods which it contains.
Art. XXI. And it is further agreed, that it shall be unlawful to remove the master, commander, or supercargo, from on board a captured vessel, till the proceedings against her are completed. Whenever a vessel of a citizen of either is taken into custody by an armed vessel of the other party, the officers and crew of the captured vessel shall be treated hospitably; they shall neither be imprisoned or deprived of their weaving apparel nor of the possession of their money not exceeding 500 dollars each for the captain, supercargo and mate, and 100 dollars each, for the sailors.
Art. XXII. The courts established for prize-causes, in the country wherever the prize shall be carried, shall exclusively take cognizance of them. And whenever such tribunal of one party shall pronounce judgment against any vessel, goods, or other property, claimed by a citizen of the other party, the sentence shall mention the reason on which the same shall have been founded; and an authentic record of the whole of the proceedings and sentence, shall be given to the commander or agent, if demanded, without delay, he paying legal fees for the same.
Art. XXIII. And to prevent injuries by men of war or privateers of either party, all commanders of such vessels, of each party, are hereby strictly commanded to forbear to do any damage, or give annoyance to the citizens of the other party; and in case the citizens of either party shall suffer damage by the means above mentioned, the aggressors shall be compelled to make ample satisfaction. And the more safely to guard against those outrages, the commanders of all privateers, before they receive their commissions, shall enter into bonds with two responsible sureties, in the sum of seven thousand dollars; and if the seamen of such privateer amount to above 150 men, then the surety
to be 1,500 dollars, to satisfy all damages and injuries which said privateer, her officers or men, may do, or cause to be done, while on their cruise; and in all cases of aggression, the said commission shall be revoked.
Art. XXIV. When the national ships of war, or private armed ships, shall be admitted with their prizes into the ports of either power, they shall not be obliged to pay any duty, either to the officers or the fee, or others; nor shall they be seized or examined with respect to the lawfulness of their prizes; but they may depart with their prizes, when they please, to such places as are expressed in their commissions, which the commander shall be obliged to show. The stipulations of this article shall not extend beyond the privileges of the nations most favored.
Art. XXV. It shall not be lawful for either nation to suffer a privateer, commissioned by a power at war with the other, to sit on their vessel, or sell or exchange their prizes in their ports; nor even to purchase provisions, except such as shall be necessary to carry them to the next port or place belonging to the power by which they are commissioned.
Art. XXVI. Both parties engage not only to refuse support to pirates, but to exclude them from their ports and harbours, and to there utmost endeavours bring them to condign punishment. And all ships and merchandise taken by them, & brought into the ports of either, shall be seized, as far as can be discovered, and restored to the owners; even if they have been sold, and passed into other hands, it can be proved that the buyers knew or had reason to believe they had been piratically taken.
Art. XXVII. The fisheries of the two nations are to remain undisturbed by each other; not only on the banks of Newfoundland, and elsewhere on the American coast, North-east of the United States; but the whale and seal fisheries shall be free to both, in every quarter of the world.
The ratifications of this Convention to be mutually exchanged within six months, or sooner.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed these Articles, both in French and English, and affixed their seals; stipulating that the signing in the two languages shall not be brought into precedent, or in any way prejudice either party.
DONE at Paris, the 8th day of Vendémiaire, (13th Sept. 1800) 9th year of the French Republic,
SIGNED, Joseph Buonaparte. Oliver Elsworth. Ch: Pierre Claret Fleurieu. William R. Davies. Pierre Louis Roederer. William V. Murray.
From the Philadelphia Gazette of the 18th instant.
LATEST FROM ALGIERS AND GIBRALTAR.
We mentioned in our paper of yester-day that the George Washington frigate, captain Bainbridge was to sail for Constantinople from Algiers on the 17th of October. We have since after since that on the arrival of the frigate at the latter place, the Dey sent for our Consul, Mr. O'Brien, and informed him, that he did not permit her to sail immediately for Constantinople, be (the Dey) would decide as soon against the United States, and enslave all the Americans at Algiers. The Consul was of consequence compelled to dispatch the frigate agreeably to the orders of the Dey.
The frigate sailed on the 19th of October from Algiers, completely loaded with stores, beams, birds, &c. as presents to the Grand Signior. There are letters in town from Mr. O'Brien, expressing his most serious apprehensions, that if any accident should befall the frigate, his situation would be very critical. We are also told, that the Consul recommends it to the government, to dispatch a few frigates off that place, to watch the motions of the Dey.
A British frigate, that had arrived at Algiers some time before Captain Bainbridge, with visits from the British government, had been ordered on the above mission to Constantinople; but the commander, on paying a large sum of money to the Dey, was excused.
It is further understood, that capt. O'Brien, had to enter into a security on the part of the United States of 800,000 dollars, for the safe delivery at Constantinople, of the cargo of the George Washington.
Just Received, And for sale by the Printer hereof, THE Columbian Reading Book, OR Historical Preceptor:
A collection of authentic histories, anecdotes, characters &c. &c. calculated to incite in youthful minds a love of virtue, from its intrinsic beauty and a hatred of vice, from its degrading deformity.