The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-10-22 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM. (PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 48.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 22, 1805.
[VOLUME 2.]
Richmond Prices Current.
Table with 4 columns: Item, D., C., D. C. Rows include: TOBACCO, FLOUR, WHEAT NEW, INDIAN CORN, WHISKEY, BACON, HEMP, BAR IRON.
FALL GOODS.
THE Subscribers are receiving by the ships Intrepid, Providence and George, from Liverpool, and the Suffolk from London, their supply of merchandise for the fall, which (especially in the Hardware line) is very extensive and general, and will be sold by the piece or package. They have also on hand a few Quarter Casks London Particular Madeira Wine, Cognac Brandy, Raisins, Pepper, Allum, &c. All of which they offer for sale on the most moderate terms.
JOHN & ROBT. GAMBLE, Junr. October 11. (oaw4w.)
FALL GOODS.
THE Subscriber is receiving and opening a general assortment of FALL AND WINTER GOODS, which he offers for sale on his usual low terms. WILLIAM GALT. October 11. 4w.
JUST RECEIVED
AT JOHN PUMFREY'S, BOOK-BINDER AND STATIONER.
TWO hundred and fifty Reams of FOOL SCAP POTT and POST WRITING PAPER. He has also on hand an extensive stock of BLANK BOOKS of all descriptions, manufactured from materials of the first quality, and every other article in the Stationery line.
Tickets for sale in the Second Class of the Richmond Academy Lottery. October 11.
FOR SALE ON PRIVATE CONTRACT.
GREEN-WAY, the seat on which I now reside, including Mons-Sacer, and the Court-House Tenement, containing in all 1200 acres of fertile level farming land (receiving one acre of cultivated ground). The whole is bounded by two navigable creeks, emptying into James River before the door and forming a bay, therefrom 1400 yards only—25 miles to Petersburg by water, 30 to Richmond by land and 28 to Williamsburg. The Court-House Tenement has on it a large enclosed Tavern, with six rooms; one of which is 32 feet by 20 in length, and breadth, arch'd in the middle and used for entertainments; all other necessary out-houses, a good garden and a fine Well of water, dry cellars, stores &c. for the use of a commercial business, which are now occupied to aantage in that line. This is an excellent place for stock, fish and fowl in their seasons; and enough of corn, wheat & oats may be made by common industry for the consumption of the Tavern. This Tenement has 200 acres of land annexed to it, and rents for £100 a year.
GREEN-WAY contains 500 acres well improved. On it, is a genteel well finished dwelling house, containing six rooms; all well finished, chair board high, with fine dry cellars, the full length of the house which is 56 feet; also every other building which a reasonable person could wish or desire, to wit: a handsome study, Stone House, Kitchen, Laundry, Dairy, Meat House, Spinning House and an Ice House within the Curtilage, a Barn 30 by 34 feet, two granaries, two Carriage Houses, 20 stalls for horses, a quarter for house servants, a handsome Octagon Pigeon House well stocked, and several other houses for slaves, a well of water, (so excellent that I can drink it with delight after returning from a mountain circuit) a large fertile garden abounding with a great variety of fruits, herbs and beautiful flowers, well enclosed. The buildings new and well covered with shingles.
MON-SACER contains five hundred acres more or less, on which is a neat small dwelling, a mill begun on a never-failing stream, one mile from James River and emptying itself therein. This farm is remarkably level and highly improvable, is in a fine settlement for wheat and timber, so that the manufacturing business may be carried on to great advantage, as also the raising of timber now so much in demand. About half this estate inclusive is under fine fire wood and timber—and fearfully a gallon a week on any part of it. The age and fever has not visited a white person for 20 years that I recollect. In short there cannot well be conceived a more agreeable situation in all respects than this estate taken together. UTOPIA.
I will also dispose of—This little estate lies in James City county; is an island surrounded by navigable water near the mouth of Chickahominy river, containing 746 acres of high land and hard marsh sufficient for the support of 1000 head of cattle in the mouth of May. The high land is rich and produces four and five barrels of corn to the acre. There are 100 acres of good timber adjoining the farm. In the center of this island is a very handsome hill, on which a small but comfortable dwelling is built, affording a fine prospect over James River for many miles. Here every necessary of life can be had and many of its luxuries with little trouble. It overflows with milk and honey when sufficient stock is furnished to go upon. It is remarkable for fine fruits, as the fruits seldom or never affect it; and no place in Virginia surpasses it for fish and wild-fowl. From this place quantities of hay might be transported by water to Richmond, Norfolk or Petersburg.
Any kind of public securities will be taken for the above property, or if more agreeable to the purchaser or purchasers, I will receive part in cash and the balance at convenient periods—Thirty or forty slaves and flocks of every kind may be had, if the estate is purchased all together. My lands on Clear Creek, Big Licking and Triplet in Kentucky I will also sell or exchange for property in Richmond.
It may be now enquired why I should in an advanced stage of life part with an estate so convenient and agreeable in all respects? In the first place, in a little time I shall be compelled by the unerring voice of nature to "quit this mortal coil," and it is right I should so adjust all my matters as to leave nothing for litigation after my death. My years of regret will be therefore but few on that score. Secondly, it is the best mode I can adopt for a fair division of what I possess among my children; and lastly I am desirous of obtaining a situation, more convenient and cheap for the education of my sons, which the savings from a narrow parsimonious salary, and the profits arising from a much neglected estate, in consequence of my attention to public duties, can never support. JOHN TYLER. August 24. (1wtf)
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
THE Co-partnership of the subscribers, under the firm of THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. will dissolve by mutual consent, on the 11th inst.
THOS. TAYLOR, JNO. SATCHELL.
The subscribers, under the firm of TAYLOR & BROWN,
Offer their services to the public as AUCTIONEERS and COMMISSION MERCHANTS, at the stand lately occupied by Thomas Taylor & Co. where they have on hand a large flock of
Dry Goods and West-India Products, most of which will be disposed of at private sale on very low terms for cash or approved negotiable notes.
THOMAS TAYLOR, JAMES BROWN, Junr. (1f)
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY, 8th REQUISITION.
THE Shareholders in the Manchester Turnpike Company, are hereby required to pay to James Brander, Treasurer, the further sum of ten dollars, on each share, on or before the 18th of November next. By order of the directors, JAMES BRANDER, CLK. Manchester, October 11. 18N.
BOOKS BORROWED & NOT RETURNED.
THE Second Volume of Gibbon's History of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. The first volume of Watson's History of Philip the second, and the second volume of the same author's History of Philip the second. The person who may be in possession of the books above described, will have an opportunity of returning them to the owner, by leaving their names with the Editor of the Enquirer. October 11.
HUGH J. CRAWFORD, HAS just received per the ship Planter, Captain Boult, from London, his Fall supply of DRUGS & MEDICINES, which being laid in under his own immediate inspection, the quality may be depended on; and having purchased with cash, he is enabled to dispose of them on the most moderate terms.
A. S. O. London White Lead, gr'd & Copal Varnish, in oil, Prussian Blue, Spanish Brown, do. Patent Yellow, Yellow Ochre, do. Verdigris, Paint Brushes of all sizes, Stone Ochre, Best English Glue, Venetian Red, Gold and Silver Leaf, King's Yellow, &c. He has for sale, a few bottles Virginia Caster Oil, of the same quality as that lately sold at Dr. Cringan's. Sept. 20. oow5m
Cast-Indies.
FROM ENGLISH PAPERS. [By the GALEN, from London, at Boston.]
DETAILS OF THE ATTACK ON BHURTPORE.
CALCUTTA GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY.
WEDNESDAY, Feb. 6, 1805. Fort William, Feb. 6, 1805.
Dispatches, of which the following Copies are published for general information, have been received by his Excellency the Most Noble the Governor General, from his Excellency the Commander in Chief:
To his Excellency the Most Noble Marquis Wellesley, Governor-General, &c. &c. My Lord,—I have the honour to inform your Lordship, that the breach appearing in a sufficient state of forwardness, I determined to attempt the place again this afternoon. The storming party moved out of the trenches, where they had been lodged for the purpose, a little before 3 o'clock.—I am sorry to add, that the ditch was found so broad and deep, that every attempt to pass it proved unsuccessful, and the party was obliged to return to the trenches, without effecting their object. The troops behaved with their usual steadiness, but I fear, from the heavy fire they were unavoidably exposed to, for a considerable time, that our loss has been severe. I shall have the honour to forward returns of the killed and wounded as soon as possible. I have the honour to be, my Lord, your Lordship's most faithful humble servant. (Signed) G. LAKE. Head-Quarters, Camp before Bhurtpore, Jan. 21, 1805.
SATURDAY, March 9, 1805. Fort William, Saturday March 2, 1805.
Dispatches, of which the following are copies, have been this day received by his Excellency the Most Noble the Governor General, to his Excellency the Commander in Chief: To his Excellency the Most Noble Marquis Wellesley, Governor-General, &c. &c. &c. My Lord,—My dispatch of the 20th inst. will have informed your Lordship of our failure on that day, in an attempt to carry Bhurtpore by assault.
I have now the honour to detail for your Lordship's information, the plans that were formed to ensure, if possible, the success of the attempt. The storming party under the orders of Lieut. Col. Don, was formed of the greater part of the European force belonging to the Bengal Army, and three battalions of Sepoys. One column composed of two hundred of his Majesty's 30th regiment, from the Bombay division, and the 1st battalion of the 8th regiment Bengal native infantry, under Capt. Grant, of the former corps, was ordered to attack the enemy's trenches and guns outside the town, whilst a third column, composed of three hundred men of his Majesty's 65th regiment, and two battalions of Bombay Sepoys, marching to attack the Beem Nairain Gate, which, from every report I had received, was easy of access for guns, &c.
The signal for the storming party to move out was the commencement of Capt. Grant's attack on the enemy's trenches, which took place a little before 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Capt. Grant's column was completely successful, and got immediate possession of the enemy's guns, eleven in number, all of which have been brought into camp.—The gallant conduct of Capt. Grant and his party merits every praise.
I am sorry to say, that neither of the other columns succeeded. Lieut. Col. Don's was unfortunately delayed by some unexpected circumstances, and on its arrival at the ditch, it was found to contain such a depth of water as to render it impossible to gain the breach. The troops immediately attempted to ascend by the
battalion, but the obstacles they met with were of so serious a nature, that their utmost efforts were unsuccessful, though the colours of the 12th native infantry were planted within a short distance of the top.
The column from the Bombay division, under Lieut. Col. Taylor, notwithstanding every exertion, could not effect their object. They were very considerably delayed on their march by a large body of the enemy's horse; and, by a mistake on the part of their guide, were early exposed to a most heavy and destructive fire from the town, which, by destroying their ladders, rendered the attempt on the gate impracticable, and obliged Lieut. Col. Taylor to draw his men under cover, until he received orders to return to camp. I feel it my duty to assure your Lordship, that though unfortunately not crowned with success, the exertions of Col. Don were meritorious and gallant in the extreme, and I feel under infinite obligations to this Officer. I have the honour to be, my Lord, your Lordship's most faithful humble servant. (Signed) G. LAKE. Head-Quarters, Camp before Bhurtpore, Feb. 21, 1805.
To his Excellency the Most Noble Marquis WELLSELEY, Governor General, &c.
My Lord—My dispatch of yesterday's date will have conveyed to your Lordship intelligence of our want of success in a fourth attempt made to carry this place by assault.
As it appeared that our failure on the 20th was to be accounted for, in a great measure, by the occurrence of unexpected accidents and delays, as part of the corps who formed the storming party had surmounted the principal difficulty, and had nearly gained the summit of the breach, where I was informed a few hours more battering would render the ascent perfectly easy, I determined to make another attempt yesterday.
The party for this service consisted of the whole European force, and two battalions of native infantry of the Bengal army, and the greater part of his Majesty's 65th and 85th regiments, and the grenadier battalion and flank companies of the 1st battalion 3d regiment, from the Bombay division. The whole moved on to the attack about three o'clock in the afternoon, under the command of the Honourable Brigadier Monson.
The troops, most confident of success commenced the attack, and persevered in it for a considerable length of time, with the most determined bravery; but their utmost exertions were not sufficient to enable them to gain the top of the breach. The position which was the point of attack was extremely steep, the resistance opposed to them was vigorous, and as our men could only mount by small parties at a time, the advantage was very great on the side of the enemy. Discharges of grape, logs of wood, and pots filled with combustible materials, immediately knocked down those who were ascending, and the whole party, after being engaged in an obstinate contest for two hours, and suffering very severe loss, were obliged to relinquish the attempt, and retire to our trenches. I have to lament the loss of very many gallant Officers and men, as will appear to your Lordship by the accompanying return of killed and wounded on this occasion.
It is with sincere grief I inform your Lordship, that among the killed is my Aide-de-Camp, Major Menzies, of his Majesty's 80th regiment, who proceeded with the storming party, and fell, whilst, amongst the foremost, he was making the most heroic exertions to ascend the breach. I feel sincere sorrow for his loss, no less on account of the great regard I entertained for his private worth, than for the high estimation in which I held his merits as an Officer.
The Hon. Colonel Monson, to whom the conduct of the attack was entrusted, made every possible exertion, and has received my best thanks for his uncommon gallantry and perseverance on that occasion.
Though the troops were unable to effect their object, I am happy to assure your Lordship, that they have on no occasion displayed greater steadiness. Those of the Bengal army supported their former character, and the Bombay division displayed a degree of resolution and discipline, which entitles them to my highest praise and approbation. I have the honour to be, my Lord, your Lordship's most faithful humble servant. (Signed) G. LAKE. Head-Quarters, Camp before Bhurtpore, Feb. 22, 1805.
Supplement to India Gazette, March 25. Government Gazette Extraordinary.
MADRAS, March 8, 1805.
St. FLORENCE, Kedgeree, Feb. 17.
Sir—I have the honour to inform you of my arrival this day off the Sand Heads, after having proceeded to the Southward, in consequence of a letter received the 8th instant from the chief Secretary of government, acquainting me of a suspicious vessel having appeared off Vizagapatam, supposed to be the national frigate Payche, and requesting, in the name of his excellency the Governor-General in council, that I would either proceed towards that place, or otherwise, as I might consider most expedient to the advantage of the public service; I therefore thought that I should not be exceeding the limits of your orders by pursuing such a course as I conceived most probable of intercepting the said vessel, should she be bound to the northward and eastward.
On the 13th inst. at 6 A. M. in lat. 19, 55. N. lon. 85, 25. E. I had the satisfaction to discover three sail at anchor under the land, who shortly after weighed and made sail to the southward; I plainly observed that one was a frigate, and the other two apparently merchants ships. I continued the chase until half past seven P. M. the following day, when coming up with the sternmost vessel, she proved to be the Thetis, country ship, prize to the French frigate La Payche, of 36 guns, and 240 men, under the command of capt. Bergeret, then a head at a short distance. Finding the enemy had abandoned the Thetis, I left a midshipman in charge, and continued the chase after the frigate, then making off under all sail; at ten minutes past eight, commenced close action, at the distance of about half a cable's length, and continued so until half past eleven, at which time, finding all our running rigging very much cut up, hauled off to repair the same. At midnight, bore up to renew the conflict; but just as we were about to recommence our fire, an officer from the enemy came on board to inform me, that capt.
Bergeret, from humanity's sake, for the remaining survivors had struck, though he might have borne the contest much longer. During the action, we were occasionally annoyed by the fire of L'Eclaircisseur privateer, of 10 guns and 40 men, commanded by a lieutenant; she proved to be the late Pigeon country ship, fitted out by capt. Bergeret as a privateer; which vessel, from sailing very well, I am concerned to acquaint you, effected her escape in the course of the night.
I beg leave to observe, that the able support which I received during the action, from lieutenants Doyle, Dawson, Collier and Davies, Mr. Finlayson the master, and lieutenant Ashmore of the Marines, as well as the rest of the ship's company, who displayed the most gallant and spirited conduct on the occasion, merits my warmest encomiums. I also feel it a duty incumbent on me, to recommend Mr. Doyle, my First Lieutenant, to your attention, for his meritorious and exemplary behaviour throughout the contest. I am grieved to relate, that Lieut. Dawson is dangerously wounded in the breast, with a boarding pike, while in the act of boarding.
Enclosed, I transmit a list of the killed and wounded of his majesty's ship under my command, also of the late French national frigate La Payche.
I have the honor to be, Sir, your most obedient humble servant,
H. LAMBERT.
To Peter Rainier, Esq., Vice Admiral of the Red, and commander in chief, &c.
The aggregate of our loss before Bhurtpore, on the 9th March, the date of Lord Lake's last dispatches, comprised in killed and wounded, 1 Lieut. Col. 2 Majors, 20 Captains, 1 Cpt. Lieut. 45 Lieuts. 21 Adjutants, 1 Cornet, 2 Ensigns, 1 Quarter-Master, 128 Petty Officers, and 732 Privates European—294 Native Officers, and 882 Sepoys, &c.—in all 2205 men.
European Intelligence.
BOSTON, October 9.
Latest from France.
Mr. Allen Melville, who came passenger in the brig Acorn, capt. Folger, which arrived last night, in 38 days from Nantz, has notably favoured us with Paris papers to the 23d August. We do not perceive, on a glance over them, that they announce any tidings of moment. The emperor Napoleon had returned to Paris, from the camp of the coast. It was reported, that the camp was breaking up, and the troops filing off towards Germany.
Two other reports were in circulation when the Acorn failed, one that there had been an action in Brest outer harbour, between four or five British ships which had attacked an equal number of French ships at anchor—the result not known:—The other, that Antwerp was declared in a state of blockade. No news from the fleets.
Capt. Lathrop, arrived here yesterday, 10 days from Lisbon, informs, that the combined French and Spanish fleets arrived off Cadiz about the 26th August, but did not enter that port. He was informed, however, at Lisbon, that the squadron were destined for the Mediterranean; and that an English fleet, having gained intelligence of this event, had, two days after, gone in search of them. The name of the latter fleet he did not learn.
By the GALEN, arrived at this port.
LEMBERG, July 24.
The Russian force, of all descriptions, now encamped at Dubno, consists of 181,000. They are among the best appointed troops in the Russian service, and are in every respect prepared for crossing the frontier at an hour's notice. The naval superintendents at Reval and Riga have received orders to fit out a certain proportion of the vessels of war laid up at those ports.
CORFU, June 17.
So great is the number of troops here, that it is with difficulty quarters can be procured for them, especially as the summer heats begin to be incommodious. General Mouton Poussin has encamped his troops in the neighbourhood of St. Pantaleone, in tents. It is no less true than singular, that the greatest discipline is observed among this numerous military body, although the officers are in general youths who have never seen service.
BREMEN, July 26.
A report is circulated in the North, that the Emperor of France has made offers for uniting Dalmatia to the kingdom of Italy. Dalmatian borders on Greece, and is in alliance with Moldavia and Wallachia. No credit seems to be attached to this report.
VIENNA, July 27.
The military preparations continue with unabated activity. It is rumoured that a very considerable division of our army will speedily march through Bavaria for the banks of the Rhine. A third French spy has, it is said, been apprehended on the Austrian territory. The papers found upon him must be of some consequence, as he is ordered to be sent, under an escort, to this capital.
Several Couriers have arrived here to-day and yesterday. The government has liberally rewarded a State Messenger who has arrived from Berlin, charged with important dispatches. Since the arrival of this Messenger a great activity has been observed in the State Chancery. The Russian General Sprengporten, who is arrived here from Corfu, has been presented to the Emperor by the Russian Ambassador, and will set out next week, with his Lady, for Petersburg. There is talk here of a new declaration of neutrality, which may take place under certain circumstances. A certain person has been arrested at Munich, at the request of a foreign power, and conducted under the escort of an officer, a subaltern, and ten soldiers, to his destination: he arrived yesterday in this city. Several battalions of our garrison will go to the camp of Pittau, to make room for the fresh troops that are arriving. The Archduke Charles will set out next month to make four general inspections of the troops. The French troops in Upper Italy have received a very considerable augmentation. Their number, including the I-
talian troops, is estimated at 70,000 men. Forty-three officers of the second Helvetic demi-brigade, in the Neapolitan territory, have been dismissed, and are returning to Switzerland.
Lucca, July 15.
Yesterday the Prince and Princess of Piombino and Lucca made their public entry here. During the celebration of divine service the Prince Minister Plenipotentiary presented the Prince with a sword on the part of the Emperor Napoleon. The whole of the ceremony of installation was very magnificent. The Prince and Princess will make this city their residence.
MELIN, July 10.
The Christian insurgents in Servia have new colours and drums. They have in the chapel of their camp a bell, weighing 70 pounds, which has greatly increased the fury of the Turks against them. They celebrate divine service publicly, and have affixed crosses in the belfries of their churches. Christian families are every day arriving from Bulgaria and Albania, and some other Turkish provinces, who bring with them all they have, and join the insurgents of Servia. The latter are continually becoming more formidable, and already exceed 20,000. The commencement of hostilities. So violent is the hatred of the two parties to each other, that the Turks cut off the noses and ears of all the insurgents who fall into their hands; and the insurgents by way of reprisal cut off the right hand of all the Turks they take.
LENTE, July 13.
The hopes of preserving peace become weaker every day, for every thing in our vicinity continually assumes a more warlike appearance, & we are in constant expectation of seeing hostilities commence. The troops are in motion on every side, and their marches appear to be rapid, and at short notice.
HAMBURGH, Aug. 2.
The advices from Vienna, have a very hostile appearance; all the troops are ready to march. The Hungarians have offered, in case of war, to equip 10,000 men for the field and to support a standing army of 80,000 in the country, provided the Archduke Palatine will be at their head.
AMSTERDAM, Aug. 6.
Three American ships from Baltimore and Charleston, bound to Amsterdam, have been taken off the Texel by the English, and sent for England; the English Admiral who cruizes before the Texel has declared, that he has orders to send to England all ships bound to the Texel, with West-India produce.
LONDON, Aug. 18.
The Belle Packet, Capt. Fago, arrived on Tuesday at Dartmouth. She left Bengal on the 1st of April, and St. Helena on the 29th of June. By this vessel we have received the important intelligence of a peace having been concluded, between the British government in India and Holkar. As tranquility has thus been happily restored to that country, it is to be hoped that the Enquiries of the Corsican Tyrant will not, again be able to agitate the Native Powers of the East, which can only prove ruinous to themselves. The Belle Packet also brings the India ships and part of the China Fleet. St. Helena, from which they were to have soon as the second division of the China Fleet arrived. This division was daily expected. It had been seen off the Cape by the Belle Packet's convoy, it was supposed, of L'Atalante, 64, Capt. Payen. The ships, when assembled, would amount to 35 sail, and were from the largest and richest Fleet that ever St. Helena for Europe. They would probably sail on the 10th of July. The number of ships, Madras, and Bombay ships, at St. Helena was 15: they arrived there, under convoy of Admiral Raper on the 20th of June. We understand that the China ships were chased off the Cape by some ships of war, which they supposed to be an enemy's squadron. The Belle Packet's French privateer, had been cruising off St. Helena for near two months; but during that time she had captured only two whalers. The Mediator frigate went out and cruized for seven or eight days, in the hope of falling in with her; but it is supposed she had intelligence of the Mediator's arrival, and therefore quitted her station. The Belle Packet's Captain and crew of one of the whalers, consisting of 20 men, into St. Helena, in two whale-boats. All officers in the Austrian service absent from their regiments were ordered to rejoin them on or before the 3d instant.
A new levy of 40,000 men has been ordered in the Russian States; and a corps of 40,000 is forming in Livonia, where it is supposed it will embark. A squadron of eight sail of the line will leave Cronstadt in the course of the present month, to cruise (according to some accounts) in the Baltic, but by others stated to be intended to join the British squadron in the North Sea.
Another division of Russian troops from the Black Sea, to the amount of 20,000 men, was expected in the Adriatic during last month.
Petersburg letters of the 24th ult. date, that all officers on leave of absence had been ordered immediately to join their respective corps. Prussia is busied in military preparations. Orders were lately issued for placing the militia on the war establishment.
THE INVASION.
LONDON, Aug. 14.
When the probability of the enemy making a speedy attempt upon our shores is officially announced by Government (as such Lord Harrington's letter to the Volunteer Commander must be regarded), we cannot be accused of exciting improper alarms, in calling the attention of our readers to the subject; on the contrary we should in discharge that duty which we owe to the Public were we to pass it over without a attentive consideration.
We have never doubted, from the moment when Bonaparte uttered the threat, much since the commencement of his preparation that the menace was serious, and that the attempt would at some time be made. The plan and arrangement we thought might probably be changed, but that it was relinquished did not accord with any authentic information we had received.
The only doubts we have ever presumed entertain, respecting the precise time when the threat was to be put in execution; and such the difficulties attending it, that doubts

justly be expected at all times on this subject. Bonaparte is well aware of what he has to encounter; and though he has not at all times shown himself the most consummate politician, yet he has too much judgment as well as discernment, to risk an undertaking, the failure of which may cost him his crown, perhaps his life, except under the most favourable circumstances. We know, from certain authority, that at two different periods in the course of the last eighteen months, he had positively determined on the experiment, at one of which, part of the troops had actually embarked. We could detail the reasons why the attack was deferred. At one time the inadequacy of his force was demonstrated to him by a person in whom he placed great confidence; and the other, he was deterred by unexpected news from Great-Britain.
From the measures adopted by our government, we are led to suppose that it may have received more positive information of the intentions of Bonaparte, than has yet transpired. The letter of Lord Harrington states only the public facts, "the embarkation of large bodies of troops in Holland; a fleet of men of war being ready to sail from thence; and the increased preparations of the French at Boulogne, and its neighbourhood." These, it is true, are strong circumstances, and ought not to be disregarded; but still we scarcely think they are sufficient of themselves to warrant such extreme precaution as the reflection of Admiral Cornwallis to the blockading station, while his services might be of importance in intercepting the Combined Squadron; the notice to the Volunteers to hold themselves in readiness; and the suspension of fortifications even during the busy and important season of harvest.
We have always considered the falling of the Combined Fleet as a most important event, and more to distract our attention, and at the same time to improve the enemy in naval discipline, than as expected to effect any great object against our foreign possessions. In this purpose they have been, in a great measure, baffled, by the sagacity of Lord Nelson; but still, if they had intended to strike a blow nearer home, the information may have reached our Ministry, who have very properly put the Defenders of the Country on their guard.
The question then for our consideration is, under all these circumstances, is it likely that the attempt will be immediately made; or is it probable that it will be deferred? To attempt the invasion with any prospect of success, requires a state of things extremely favourable to the enemy, and unfavourable for us. The invasion must be made in several quarters at once, that if it fail in one part, there may be a hope of ultimate triumph, or at least of protracted warfare in another. To give the invaders of England a fair chance, the British fleet must be able to co-operate by an invasion of Ireland; and, indeed, we have always considered this as the first and indispensable operation. The Dutch fleet must also get out: its probable object will be to run up the North Sea, as it is for the invasion of Scotland, and thus lead our home fleets out of the way of opposing the flotilla. The difficulty of the whole flotilla getting out at the same time, strikes us also as an almost insuperable obstacle; and if they are to get out only in divisions, and ride at anchor without their harbours, we understand that our government has a scheme in agitation, not quite upon the plan of the former catamarans, but one which the best judges are of opinion must effect their destruction. It is withal not probable, that the enemy will trust his flotilla out in the short nights of summer, and particularly in moonlight when they are almost certain to be run down and destroyed by our heavier and more powerful vessels. They can scarcely come over in a calm, for they cannot make much way across the Channel with their sweeps only; and if there is a gale of wind, the greater part of them must be wrecked. They have only one chance to board our ships, which is their only chance for overthrowing us.
There are two circumstances which might tempt Bonaparte to make the attempt at present:—The first is to retrieve his character with the French nation, after the disgrace he has incurred by his West-India expeditions; the second is the probability of a continental war, which may make him with to strike a blow that would at once paralyse the efforts of our allies, and relieve him from the necessity of looking up a great portion of his army in encampments on the opposite coast. Still we are inclined to think that the project will be again deferred, at least till the nights are shorter, and till the chances of winds and weather shall have brought back to their own ports some of his dispersed squadrons; and till his fleets, now blocked up, shall have a more favourable prospect of escape.
AUGUST 17.—We understand that Sir Home Popham has failed to Constantinople, for the purpose of instructing the Turkish Navy in European tactics, at the request of the grand Seigneur.
An article under the head of Madrid, in one of the French papers, contains a scheme for raising a loan of 2,000,000, in Spain. The terms upon which the Spanish Government proposes to raise this sum, shew, in the strongest light, the miserable state of its finances. In addition to an interest of 5 and a half per cent. the holders are to be entitled to their chance of a certain number of prizes, amounting in the whole to about one eighth of the entire loan. All the temptations of a lottery are thus superadded upon a large interest. Such are the fruits of French fraternity and alliance. In vain will Spain plead an empty treasury, in consequence of the capture of her galleons, the failure of her remittances from South America, and the stagnation of her commerce. No terms upon which she can borrow money will be considered exorbitant or disadvantageous, provided it be expended in the service of France.
The following are some of the particulars respecting the fleet on the European coast:
 1. The Combined Fleet were in Cadiz, previous to the 23d August. When they arrived at Vigo they were 18 sail of the line strong. At Ferrol they were joined by 15 sail of the line. It is said that they were joined at sea, by the Rochefort and L'Orient squadrons; but in what force we have not learnt. When they entered Cadiz, therefore, they probably amounted, at least, to 33 sail of the line.  2. At Cadiz, previous to their arrival, there were 6 sail of the line. These would have augmented them to 39 sail.  3. Cap. Williams's account of the Carthagena squadron, makes it highly probable, this force was added to the combined fleet the 24th August; and would have increased it to 47 sail of the line, exclusive of the Rochefort and L'Orient squadrons.  4. On the 11th August, Admiral Calder's squadron, reduced by ships having been detached, to 9 sail of the line, joined Admiral Cornwallis, then off Brest, &c.—who had also been joined by Admiral Sterling's final squadron.  5. Lord Nelson was said to be off Gibraltar, the 30th July, and was to cruise between Cape St. Vincent and the Straits. He would probably be joined by Admiral Cochrane's squadron, from off Cadiz, and Admiral Bickerton, with four sail from Gibraltar.  6. A gentleman belonging to New-York, who lived at Salem, on Saturday from St. Lucia (Spain) 
the combined fleets had arrived at Cadiz. This corroborates Captain Williams's account.
By the account of a Marblehead vessel, that on or about the 26th of August, there had been an engagement with the combined fleet and the British, in which 12 sail of the line, of the former, were taken, or one sunk. No name of the English commander, nor other particulars, are mentioned.
It is, however, not improbable that when the Carthagena squadron arrived off Cadiz, the whole French and Spanish force might have confidence to go into the bay of Biscay, with a design to raise the blockade of Brest. In such an attempt they would be liable to be encountered by an English fleet, which might be supposed at that time to be proceeding towards Cadiz to look after them. If such a meeting should have taken place, the conflict might have been fatal.
SALEM, October 3. THE HOSTILE FLEETS. On the 8th August dispatches arrived in England from Admiral Calder, stating that the combined fleet had got into Ferrol, and made up a force of 37 sail of the line. By Captain Williams, from Gibraltar, we were informed of their arrival at Cadiz just before his sailing; but their amount, with those in Cadiz, was reported to be only 35 sail. Mr. Burnet, a gentleman belonging to New-York, who arrived here on Saturday, in the Mary, from St. Lucia, informed us, that he was in Cadiz a few days before the falling of the Mary; that there were then 6 ships of the line there, among which were the Trinidad of 144 guns, a 90, an 80, and 74's; and that while at St. Lucia the combined fleet arrived at Cadiz, stated to be only 25 sail. The English squadron before Cadiz of 7 sail, withdrew on their approach, and were supposed to have gone to join some other squadron of the British. In addition to this, the Carthagena squadron of 8 sail of the line was coming down when capt. Williams left Gibraltar, and was supposed to have a favourable wind to pass the Gut. The British had then at Gibraltar only 4 sail of the line under Sir Richard Bickerton.
WEST-INDIES. The account of the death of his Imperial Majesty of Hayti, JOHN JAMES DESSALINES, copied into this paper from the Petit Censeur a few days ago, is at least premature. We have in our possession the Gazette Politique et Commerciale d'Hayti, of the 6th of last month. Merc. Adv.
NEW-YORK, October 15. We learn from Port-au-Prince, that the British have actually got possession of Cape Nicholas Mole, where they had landed 1500 troops, and had laying off the harbour two frigates and a smaller vessel. And we also learn, that great jealousies subsist between the blacks and mulattoes of the new Empire and that an insurrection is considered at no distant period. There was a well grounded opinion that Christophe would soon become Emperor, as Dessalines's popularity was daily declining, and that of Christophe increasing. That some important change is about to take place in that quarter is very evident—how, or what manner permanent tranquillity is to be established is difficult to foresee. The probability is, that the whole Island will soon be again under the government of some European power. B.
When the Hercules left Matanzas, it was currently reported that the Spanish government had ceded one half the island of Cuba to France. Merc. Adv.
QUARANTINE in the West-Indies.—A gentleman in this city has received a letter from St. Thomas, dated the 14th of September, mentioning that orders had arrived from Copenhagen, that every vessel from the United States, not having a certificate of health from a Danish Consul, shall be submitted to quarantine.
BALTIMORE, October 17. A commercial gentleman of this city, yesterday politely favoured the editor with the Gazette Politique et Commerciale d'Hayti, printed at Cape Francois, from which the following decree has been translated. American.
IMPERIAL DECREES. JAGUES, by the grace of God and the Constitutional Law of the State, seeing, that by the clandestine and fraudulent departure of the ship Louisiana, there results considerable prejudice to the interests of the state; and that it behoves him to devise means to repress similar abuses in future, decrees as follows:—To be executed throughout the whole extent of the state, and to date from the publication of the present decree.
 ART. 1. All foreign captains on their arrival at any of the ports of the island, shall be bound to give as security for his vessel, some commercial house, Haitian or American, to be expressly commissioned for this effect, to which house he will make the deposit and entrust the sale of the cargo by him imported.  ART. 2. All captains of foreign vessels who shall not be confined to one of the houses above mentioned, or who shall himself undertake the sale of his cargo, shall undergo the entire confiscation of ship and cargo.  ART. 3. Every commercial house, depository of a cargo, shall have his own securityhip assured by two other houses of deposit which shall be, and remain perfectly accountable for the entire acquittal of all duties due the state by the vessel thus assured.  ART. 4. No commissioned house of deposit shall under any pretext whatsoever, refuse to re-assure a securityhip when required, without incurring a penalty from government, the least of which shall be, a revocation of his letters patent, for deposit. 
Done and decreed at the Imperial palace of the Cape the 1st August, 1805, second year of the Independence of Hayti, and of our reign the first.
By the Emperor The Secretary General JUSTE CHANLATTE. The Louisiana was a vessel belonging to Philadelphia, which left St. Domingo without paying the usual duties.
Domestic Intelligence.
The following letter from a federal print comes through such an obscure channel, that independently of the suspicious nature of the communication, we know not how to give it our assent. Unwilling, however, to suppress any intelligence, which may gratify the curiosity of our readers, or which may eventually turn out to be the truth, we have thought proper to lay it before them, without any other comment.
By the last mail we received from an anonymous correspondent at Washington, a letter, of which the following are extracts. We cannot vouch for the accuracy of the information they give. The writer assures us he is actuated by the best motives; and he appears to have derived his intelligence from correct sources. We
do not therefore withhold from our readers.
Washington, Sept. 28, 1805. "DEAR SIR—I have just seen the Continental of the 21st inst. in which, a writer very naturally attributes the conduct of our Tripolitan peace-makers to jealousy of the additional fame to be acquired by our gallant Eaton, if he were suffered to go on. But the writer was indeed misinformed respecting the part which Commodore Barron took in this hasty business. The blame will rest entirely on Lear, who, from the moment of Eaton's arrival, conceived a jealousy, and formed a plan to defeat his hopes, to reinstate Hamet at Tripoli, and then with the aid of his troops, to bring first Tunis, and then Algiers to such terms as might be dictated by the President of the United States. All the officers join in blaming Lear, as the prime mover of the mischief; for if Lear had consented, Eaton would have headed the 100 marines, and with 10,000 dollars, and the co-operation of the small vessels at the different fortified ports along the coast, on the march to Tripoli; would have succeeded. But this small assistance (and it was all he asked) was shamefully withheld; under what pretext I have yet to learn. But the cause will be stated by Eaton himself, should he ever arrive safe.
"The facts I transmit are obtained from our officers themselves; and they are communicated from the best motives—Inquiry and justice. After the battle of Derne, many deserters came in; but more after a second battle, in which the reigning Bashaw's Mameluke guards were totally defeated by Eaton's forces. The news of these defeats excited a movement towards insurrection in Tripoli; and the affrighted Bashaw, having learnt from the Danish Consul, the jealousy which Lear had of Eaton, sent to inform Lear, that he should make no more propositions but to the brave General Eaton, who he doubted not, would be more generous from a character he held he had of him." On this, Mr. Lear, from jealousy, as some of my informants say, and, as others, to secure the favours which are always made on such occasions, instead of waiting further, offered the first thousand dollars ransom. At which the Bashaw pounced with the rapidity of an hungry hawk.
"I am assured, our executive is in possession of all these facts, and many more; but the part Mr. Lear is suspected of having acted in procuring the original of certain letters, and the copies of the answers of Gen. Washington, on the subject of the famous Mazzei letter, &c. will probably seem him, at the source of inquiry.
"The officers present declare, they never were in danger from the mere speculative threats of the Bashaw; and that he had even asked, if he could be permitted to fly on board the American squadron, if his life should be endangered by the pending revolution (in favour of his brother) of his own guards in Tripoli. Nothing can be more true, than that this vile usurper was ready to submit to any terms whatever. The only palliative which I can hear, for the conduct of Lear, is that one of the officers told him he was frightened at the mock threats of the Bashaw; and that this officer will defend Lear: But Dr. Cowdry, who was permitted to act as physician to the Bashaw (Juffur) has assured me, there never was the smallest danger of the lives of a single individual. Mr. Lear, I understand, was told, that Hamet Bashaw was a drunken sot, but from Mr. Eaton I can assure you, this is false. Mr. E. never saw him in the least disguised; on the contrary, that he is an amiable man, of a philanthropic, gentle, and princely demeanor.
"I am assured, that Hamet Bashaw, Assed Bey, and the young Bey of the next fortress to Derne, who arrived at the moment when Eaton was ordered out of Tripoli by Lear, agreeably to the treaty, are expected here in the first ship. Gen. Eaton would have remained at Derne, and tried his fortune for the Ex-Bashaw; but from an apprehension it would appear like insurrection against the government of his country; and that Lear would try to injure his reputation at home. He has, I am told, written a series of letters, which the Executive will not allow to pass one at present. Time will disclose all things.
"A gentleman here, who left Mr. Eaton and his Mahometan friends, at Syracusa, says, they were all extremely angry with Mr. Lear—who kept himself out of way. The Ex-Bashaw and his friends now and then curse the Americans, as faithless Christian dogs; for they had been deceived by them, and not by poor Eaton. The latter is not to blame; he had ransom, even to the last to hope in the wisdom and honour of those who could (if jealousy or something worse had not intervened) have enabled him to have exalted the fame of his country to an enviable height, and to have placed his amiable friend and our firm ally, where he ought to be.
"Mr. Eaton and the Bashaw, I am told, left Derne, in the night; & that the next day there was a massacre of all his Bedouin followers, to a very great number. I hope this is not true."
From the Newburyport Herald, of the 8th Oct.
Few instances of shipwreck, even at sea, produce heavier losses, or bring more distresses (exclusive of the loss of lives) than the following instance: Capt. Henry Brown, in the sloop Blue Bird, a coaster between this town and Boston, returning from the latter place on Friday night last, there being a heavy swell, fortuitously got on shore on North Point, in this river, and a heavy sea filled her. She was literally full of the most valuable merchandise in market, containing the fall and winter supply of a great number of our merchants' English goods. By exertions, stimulated by the greatest anxiety, she was hauled in so near with Plumb Island, that at low tide the water left her so as to enable the people on Saturday and Sunday, to effectually unload her. We have taken considerable pains to ascertain the value of her cargo; and shall speak on sure grounds when we say it amounted to between Eighty and One hundred thousand Dollars; and an intelligent merchant informs us that there will be 40 per cent. average loss on the whole amount; others say 25, or less. The principal sufferers are
   Edward Rand, (Hardware) Dollars.     Messrs. Lees, (proprietors factory, Byfield Woolens) 5,500   John Dean, Davis & Spalding, (English Goods) 10,000   Francis Todd, do. 1,150   John Peabody, do. 4,500   B. G. Boardman, do. 4,500   Moses Kimball, do. 6,500   Galen H. Fay, do. 2,000   Mrs. Harrod, do. 1,000   Paul Noyes, (Woolen) 3,600   David How, Haverhill (W. L. and other goods) 300   Joseph Burnstead, Boston, (Books) 2,000   500    [The above are the total amount each one had on board.]  Amos Tappan had on board a quantity of dry fish, on which a great loss will be sustained; and many other merchants in this town had more or less in her, besides several in Haverhill and Bradford, the amount of which we cannot ascertain. Polished hardware and fan-
cy dry coloured goods will suffer most. We sincerely sympathize with all the sufferers, particularly with a number of young enterprising merchants who will feel it very sensibly.
No blame is, we understand, to be attached to capt. Brown; he has done, throughout the whole, all that was in the power of human nature to do.
We understand a number of pilferers went down on Sunday, in order to plunder from the sloop, and several were detected, who will receive the punishment the law prescribes; which, on such an occasion, should be inflicted with double severity.
FREDERICKSBURG, October 18.
The Rappahannock Jockey Club Races, commenced, on Tuesday last, over the course near this place:
   The first day's Purse 220 dollars—four mile heats.     B. Willis's Maid of the Oaks, 1 1   Turner Dixon's Paragon, 2 2   F. E. Stannar's Peace-Maker, 3 3   Col. Hoome's Billy, bolted & dis.   Wm. Taliaferro's America, dis.   1st heat—8 m. 38 s.—2d heat, 8 m. 20 s.  
Second day's Purse 220 dollars—two mile heats.
   Wm. Taliaferro's Negotiator, 1 1   John Hoome's bay Billy, 2 3   Jas. Taliaferro's Lady Muff, 3 2   Jas. Pollard's Crazy Jane, 4 bl.   R. Wormeley's Luck's All, 5 dr.   R. Turner's Vanguard, 6 dr.   R. Hawes's Cymon, dis.   1st heat—4 m. 32 s.—2d heat 4 m. 49 s.  
Third day's Purse 330 dollars—3 mile heats.
   B. Willis's Sally Nailer, 1 bl.   R. Wormeley's Adeline, 2 1   Wm. Taliaferro's Key-Hole, 3 ds.   Hay Taliaferro's Sorrel Colt, dis.  
NORFOLK, October 16.
Captain FRASER in the brig Triton, 57 days from London, informs us, that he waited on Mr. MONROE our Minister in London, the 15th August, and was informed by him, that the day before, he had a meeting with the Ministers at the Admiralty Office, where he was informed that the American vessels which had been brought into the ports of England, were not brought in by orders from the government; and that immediate orders would be issued for the release of all bona fide American property. Ledger.
NEW-ORLEANS, Sept. 10.
DIED—On Saturday last, at the farm of Mr. Richard Butler, about 8 leagues above this city, Col. THOMAS BUTLER, of the army of the United States. The limits of a newspaper will not permit us to do justice to the character and services of the deceased.—Let it suffice to say, that he served with distinguished merit during our revolutionary war—was the particular friend of Washington, and was ever ready to assert his country's rights, and defend her honor. Thro' life, his conduct was undeviatingly that of a brave soldier and a gentleman. At the present crisis we cannot estimate his loss. He was the darling of the army, and universally beloved wherever he was known. Louisiana Gaz.
LEXINGTON, (K.) Sept. 29.
IN consequence of previous notice, given by Genl. Russell, the officer of the following regiments of Kentucky militia and uniform companies assembled at the farm of Col. Abraham Bowman, in Fayette county on the 19th inst.
General Russell's brigade, composed of Col. Calmes's regiment from Woodford, Col. Price's from Jessamine, Col. Russell's and Col. Trotter's from Fayette, Capt. Eastland's and Capt. McCall's troops of horse, Capt. Bodle's company of infantry, Capt. Foley's and Capt. Price's companies of riflemen, and were joined by Col. William Dudley and the officers of his regiment. Gen. Scott was solicited to take the command, which he declined on account of indisposition. Gen. Russell was appointed to the command—a regular encampment was formed—provisions drawn, and camp duties strictly adhered to. The troops continued on ground for two days, and on each day, were paraded in Col. Bowman's meadow, where the manual exercise, and many military evolutions, were performed in a manner which do credit to the Kentucky militia. Kentucky Gazette.
[The following Essay from the Boston Chronicle, portrays, in a bold point of view, the indignities which we have sustained thro' the British Treaty, and the remedial measures, which it is incumbent upon us to embrace during the present emergency. The statements, if founded in truth, will furnish a new and striking evidence of the changeableness of his views, or the imbecility of his resolution. What is to be thought of a statesman who, in the year 1804 would advocate a recurrence to commercial restrictions as a means of defence against British encroachments, and yet, in the year 1805, when he was speaker of the federal senate, would put his veto upon Mr. Clarke's celebrated bill for suspending our intercourse; a bill, which had passed thro' the House of Representatives; which had an equal number of votes in the senate, and which had struck so deep an alarm into the merchants and cabinet of G. Britain? E. E.]
FROM THE BOSTON CHRONICLE.
It is a treaty "More honored in the breach, than the observance." "KNOW THYSELF," is an important maxim, not only as it relates to individuals but to nations. The want of this knowledge, has been the principal cause of all the troubles and difficulties we experienced during the former administration. The measures then adopted, have made impressions which cannot easily be effaced; and lessened our character in the eyes of the commercial nations of Europe. What must those powers have thought of us, when they found us not merely inclined to submit to the impositions contained in the treaty, but outrageously frantic in urging its adoption. To estimate our European connections, let us attend to the following statement, as submitted to Congress in 1794:
   Our trade with Spain was 1,707,797 dols. in our favor—Portugal, 1,587,696 do.—Netherlands, 791 182 do.—Sweden, 932,635 do.—France, 2,630,387 do.—Great-Britain, 5,923,912 against us—Denmark, 126,000 do.    Notwithstanding this advantageous position in which we stand with respect to Britain, with a profit in their favor of 6 millions, yet we gave up the rights of neutrality, and submitted to the most humiliating degradation. Our carrying trade was laid prostrate at the feet of Britain; and, as to British factors, we have carried them to our embraces. We have placed our own citizens at the footstool of aliens, and suffered our young men to become dependents on their clemency. When we talked of a non-intercourse with England, the federalists exclaimed that it would lead to war, but when a proposition was made to annihilate our trade with France, these same men acceded to the measure with the most servile complacency. That is, they were anxious to continue in connection
with a nation, the balance of whose trade was in millions against us, and break off every intercourse with those whose balance was upwards of two millions in our favour. This strange unaccountable, preposterous, disgraceful temper and disposition, which actuated the former administration was "the demon that palied the energies of the United States."
The federalists now bluster about exercising their resentment, and talk about a powerful navy, but such nonsense is about equal to their former folly. If we had taken the same precaution that Russia did in their treaty with Britain, we should have had as respectable as they now do with the belligerent powers—Both sides now court them whereas we have become the dupes of each party. France feels a resentment because of our former vindictive conduct towards her, and England despises us for our disgraceful subserviency in crouching to their impositions. That something must be done to give security and stability to our commerce, is allowed both by federalists and republicans. The former call for ships of war, but the latter propose a more formidable and sure weapon. We should only exhaust our wealth by the one, without any prospect of success, but we should lose millions by the other, with the certainty of complete triumph. Our commerce is more powerful than a navy, and a non-intercourse with England and her islands, would be more effectual to place us in the respectable attitude of neutrals, than a fleet of 50 sail of the line.
As the subject of our commerce has been fully considered in a former publication together with a comparison of Jay's treaty, and that of Russia, between England, I must beg the indulgence of my fellow-citizens to a re-perusal of it, under the well known signature of "Old South."
THE Omnipotence of the British nation has been so long a subject of exultation, and from political motives, is generally admitted, that an attempt to place America in an attitude of opposition to her maritime mandates, is considered by some, as the height of arrogance and madness. But no country has been more overrated in its real commercial strength, provided other nations would exercise those natural advantages which they possess. The United States, by exaggerating the power of Britain, and lessening their own energies, have originated the errors they have to commerce, and substantiated the benefits obtained by England in our commercial negotiations. The fears would be the consequence of refusing it, were derogatory to our national character, as it exhibited a pusillanimity on our part, which stimulated Britain to further excesses. The declaration of our apprehensions of her resentment, and the dread we displayed at her prowess, led the government to pursue a system of deprecation, unawed by any measures of retaliation from the American administration. Our language on that occasion was that of timidity; we became supplicants to their clemency; we openly cringed to the treaty, though we secretly detested its principles; and thus governed by fear, we unfortunately surrendered every neutral right to the uncontrolled management of an expensive English judiciary.
So far from considering Britain as omnipotent either in her marine, commercial or manufacturing station, I believe there is no power in Europe more completely dependent, as they relate to these particulars. Her marine depends greatly on Russia, and her commercial and manufacturing interests are principally supported by her connection in America. The immense quantity of manufactures yearly imported into the United States, together with the export of our staple articles to the West Indies, and within her own dominions, give such a balance of trade, in the various directions of her commerce, as would (if a short time stopped) strike a fatal blow to the revenue and mercantile transactions of that country. The benefits arising from our commerce with England, are allowed by all the authors who have written on the subject, and the dread excited during the short period of our embargo, proves the propriety of its elevation in the American scale. Our embargo threw the whole exchange of London into consternation.
This principle was strongly urged in the State Conventions on the question of the confederation; it was ever considered the palladium of our national importance. Mr. John Adams, (the late president) when in England, asserted, in my hearing, that the commerce of America was the most powerful weapon to attack Britain; and further declared, that if the U. States would unite in a navigation act, that we could force the ministry to our own terms. These sentiments which that gentleman vindicated when residing at the Court of St. James; he regretted that no commercial system was adopted by the American States, and often spoke with a degree of enthusiasm confidence on the power of this country to control the influence of Britain.
England, instead of being omnipotent, is in the power of Russia and America, who could (in alliance) enforce their demands, upon the most extensive principles. These two countries are the locks which invigorate the strength of this vindictive Sampson; a vigorous determination to maintain their neutral rights, would operate too powerfully on the funds, the manufacturers, and the people at large, to be treated with levity. It would press with a ponderancy which could not easily be shaken off, and the various interests of the British nation would experience such a convolution, as to alarm the ministry for the political and commercial existence of the government.
The treaty, lately concluded between England and Russia, sufficiently evinces the apprehensions of England on the Northern confederacy. Russia being the principal nation dreaded by Britain, the terms concluded on are highly favourable to the neutral policies of that country. It is founded on liberal principles, and brings the business respecting the navigation of their respective subjects to a precise explanation; it determines without any equivocation,

Russia is imposed on, what must be our situation? If their negotiation has increased the power of England over the sea, what must be the extent of our surrender? Nearly every point which is explicitly laid down in one, is omitted in the other; our contraband articles are extended; the term blockade is undefined; our trade is exposed not only to ships of war, but privateers ; and to complete the whole, even if the capture is unjust, the poor American is obliged to pay costs of suit . In short to compare the Russian treaty with the American, will give us the stronger assurance of this instrument.
We have not only surrendered those neutral rights guaranteed to Russia, but we have exposed ourselves to innumerable difficulties, attached to other articles in this compact. We have refrained ourselves from laying any further duties on their manufactures, without counterfeiting ones on their part; we have subjected ourselves to heavy demands for old debts, contracted by private merchants; we have placed English factors and temporary residents on a footing with our own merchants. They have a right not only to reside, but to "purchase stores, houses and shops"; to remain "without limitation of time" to continue as long as would we ever be "in open rupture with England" and to complete the whole, provided their conduct should render them "suspected of being enemies to the country," have a right by treaty to remain "twelve months" before they can be removed, and during this period of their enalty , are to enjoy every commercial privilege, with our own citizens; whereas the Russian treaty explicitly declares, that "travelling merchants and hawkers shall not be suffered, but considered as smugglers ." We have in fact, not only sacrificed our neutral commerce, but have fore-closed ourselves from using those means, which the commercial resources of this country abundantly furnish in case of future emergencies. The truth is, we have given up all and gained nothing; we have established a pretended legal plea, which operates just as the judges see fit to use it. The treaty is the dam's-day-book , by which we are judged, and its errors are denounced in almost every transaction since its adoption.
The subject is so mortifying, that it is wounding to the feelings of an American to contemplate it; yet as it has produced consequences so fatal, it is our duty to lament over them, even though the reflections are painful to our bosoms. It is a curse entailed on us and our children, and posterity will execrate its remembrance. "This is the Demon , which has palsied the energies of the United States."
Miscellaneous.
A RATTLE SNAKE measuring ten inches in circumference, and from four to five feet long, was killed a few miles below this city on Tuesday evening last; which upon being opened, was found to contain a full grown Fox Squirrel. The number of its rattles amounted to fifteen. There were several eye witnesses to its death.
Argus, October 19.
Is it not apparently a curious contradiction, that the same animal which devours at one time so large a quantity of its prey, should, in a state of confinement, obstinately refuse all kind of nourishment? The editor of this paper has seen two Rattle Snakes kept in cages at Fredericksburg, that went several months without eating, tho' several species of food were successively laid before them. The same phenomenon is taken notice of in the Encyclopedia Americana . That any animal should exist so long without any kind of nourishment, appears sufficiently contradictory to all the laws of animal life. But that the same animal in a state of liberty, should of itself seek and devour so large a quantity of food, adds still more to the wonder of the phenomenon. E. E.
QUEEN PUN.—A man observing that there was less danger from a wound on board a ship when the sea was rough, being asked the reason, answered, because one surgeon comes after another exceedingly fast.
A wit, lately, on hearing a friend express his surprise at the female jockeyship, and other fresh fashions which spring up every day, observed, that the age was certainly grown very learned. How's that? said the other—Why, replied he, I meet a New-ton at every place I come to.
From the Washington Federalist . "The man who makes one valuable improvement is a more important benefactor to his species, than Alexander, a Cæsar, or a hundred other conquerors. His glory in the elevation of a civilized age, will be greater and more lasting than that of those admired ravagers of the world." Professor Barton.
Mr. Rind. Altho' I cannot coincide with Dr. Swift in considering that man who causes "one blade of grass to grow," more useful than the "whole herd of politicians," yet I do value very highly all agricultural improvements. In the proposals I have issued for the publication of a new work on chemistry—to be adapted to the use of the citizens in general—it is found that I would relate some experiments, intended to throw light on the art of enriching impoverished lands. The result of several of these, has far exceeded my most sanguine expectations, that I hasten to publish them—hoping to turn the attention of farmers to a subject, by which their interests inculcably may be promoted.
From a train of reasoning, I was led to believe that the common sea-pit—or mineral coal which is so abundant in the United States—when finely pulverized—might prove a useful manure. To ascertain the truth of this—I made in the latter part of last month, the following experiment.
In three small pots I put equal quantities of a yellow clay, which had lately been removed from several feet below the surface of the earth. To the first pot a table spoon full of finely powdered pit coal was added—to the second, the same quantity of powdered charcoal obtained from the common oak, and the third was left without any addition. The same number of sound grains of corn was planted in each—the same quantity of water was daily added to each—and they were exposed in similar situations to the action of light. The rapidity of the growth of the corn in the pot with the sea coal exceeded any thing of the kind I ever witnessed. Many days did not elapse, before this corn was four inches high, while at this time, that with the common oak coal was not two inches high—and that in the clay alone had only sprouted.
After this experiment was made, I procured several small pots, and in each put the same quantity of clay. To the first I added a drachm of sea coal—to the second a drachm of horse manure—to the third the same quantity of common ashes. The fifth was left without any addition. To each of these the same number of sound grains of wheat and corn were added. The precautions taken in the first experiment, were strictly adhered to in this instance. In a few days my great expectations from the pit-coal were somewhat lessened—by perceiving that the wheat with the horse-manure was an inch high before that of the other pots appeared. However this was but for a short time; for the wheat in the pot with the sea-coal—came up—grew to an equal height in a few days, and in a fortnight, although the weather was cold, exceeded it by two inches. The corn in the pot with sea-coal—maintained a still greater superiority—it appeared more healthy—and was more robust than as large, as the largest in the other pots. Several of my acquaintances were astonished to see this great difference in vegetation produced in so short a time.
Pit-coal, must be cheaper than any article used as a manure, since it is found in so many parts of the country. The above experiments unquestionably show that when pulverized, its power in quickening the vegetation of corn and wheat, is much greater than any manure, with which we are acquainted. Our knowledge of the effects of chemical bodies on growth,
is in its infancy. Probably the most important discoveries which have been made—are not generally known as they should be. It may be owing to this cause: for example—that an ounce of sulphuric acid is not added to every cart load of manure—which has long since been found in England to render it doubly valuable. I shall continue my enquiries into this subject, and I have been promised the assistance of several respectable characters. But this will be of little consequence compared to what could be afforded by the researches of a numerous people. To render therefore the work I am preparing, more useful, I have to invite such Farmers as may notice new facts, to communicate them to me; as well as the Dyers, Brewers, Distillers, Tanners—and all the practical chemists who have made any improvements in their respective arts.
I congratulate my fellow-citizens of Virginia, on the fair prospect of removing their large tracts of impoverished lands. By speedily using the coal in their inexhaustible mines, I hope the fertility of all their farms will soon be restored; and that the laboring poor among my hospitable countrymen, in future, may not be so far to look, as to be dependant for bread.
THOMAS EWELL.
George Town, District of Columbia, 1805. It should be communicated to me by mail, the postage must be paid by the authors, or they will not be received. The preceding experiments, if they have been correctly observed and stated, are full of important information. One hundred pounds of the plaster are worth in this city not less than 20 cents, and they are somewhat more than a bushel in measure. A bushel of coal is worth not more than 20 cents. Hence, if these manures were to possess even equal efficacy, the superior cheapness of the coal would entitle it to a decided preference. That coal is not so excellent as Mr. Ewell has represented it to be, is however a subject of doubt, and from this single fact: the coal which is brought down in waggons to this city, is necessarily scattered over the road in that very finely pulverized state in which Mr. Ewell employed it; and yet no indications of extraordinary vegetation are to be perceived in the weeds or grass which grow on the skirts of the road. Perhaps the obvious difference between this fact and Mr. Ewell's experiment, is to be reconciled by this supposition: that the ground of the road principally consists of a light sand, whereas the basis of his soil was a yellow clay. E. E.
The Enquirer. RICHMOND, 22d OCTOBER. AFFAIRS OF PENNSYLVANIA. Why this excitement among the Federalists of Virginia about the result of the Pennsylvania election? Is it because they are friendly to McKean; to the man, who six years since represented them as Tories and traitors? Is it, because they feel an interest in preserving the present constitution of Pennsylvania, beyond whose influence they are eternally placed? Is it because they have indulged any of those visionary fears about the rage of innovation, which the enemies of all reform are continually harping upon? No. It is because they consider the present contest in Pennsylvania as a subject of party concernment; not as a struggle about McKean or the constitution, but as a struggle in fact between the federalists and the republicans; and because they consider the election of McKean, to be the consequence of federal exertions and the source of federal triumph. Such might not be the motives of some of the actors in this scene, when they voted for McKean; but such is certainly the point of view in which it will be considered by the federalists at large. The result of this election will give them a degree of consideration, as a body, which the actual proportion of their numbers would not otherwise have procured them. Before, they were nothing. All their influence whether direct or indirect was completely destroyed. But the present election has made them something. If they cannot now succeed in all their views, they may at least modify and soften down the measures of their opponents. If they do not immediately obtain an increase in their numbers, they have at least scattered among their opponents the seeds of division; the harmony of the republican party is broken down; and the time is not far distant, when many of those men who have joined them in their present exertions, irritated by the proscription of their former friends and softened by the sympathy of their former enemies, will either throw themselves into their ranks, or will unite with them in a motley and moderate party. This like the raiment of Joseph, will be made up of innumerable colours. It will exhibit the corruption and avarice of Yazoo Speculators; the ambition and resentment of would-be leaders; the servility of some who often down their conscience for the sake of federal dinners; and the indifference of men in whom the possession of an office or enjoyment of ease has extinguished the energy of principle. If we mistake not in our views, we shall see this party gradually collecting together its forces during the next session of Congress. Perhaps the election of a speaker may become the signal of action. We have already heard it intimated, that an effort will be made to turn out the firm and virtuous Macdon, and place in the chair some more pliant instrument of their views. Yet there are even at this time men among the republicans of Virginia, who still indulge an affection towards the supporters of McKean!!
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.
Whilst the federal administration was in action, several controversies arose about the interpretation of the constitution. The federal party was continually twisting and converting its provisions, to the augmentation of the executive power. Since the present administration came into office, the same opposers, the same inducements for discussion have not existed. But can we expect that this prosperous state of our affairs is forever to continue? Because Thomas Jefferson is a republican and a patriot, ought we therefore to expect that his successors will be equally actuated by republican and magnanimous views? He does not require a sedition law, to shelter the folly and iniquity of his measures; must we therefore expect that all future Presidents will be equally correct in their measures, and equally reluctant to meet investigation? The expectation is a visionary and ridiculous one. Is it then consistent, let us ask, in the republican party; is it worthy of their principles, to suffer the present period of tranquility to expire without making some exertion to correct the mischiefs of the constitution, and to remove every cause of ambiguity and doubt, which has already occurred.
Would it be a subject of great astonishment, should the ruling party in Pennsylvania begin to hurl the penalty of the law against Duane and his most active associates? Should McKean once enter into this plan of legal persecution; his reputation and his influence are for ever blasted. His administration, like that of Mr. Adams, will become the object of popular contempt and indignation.
The federalists have contended that the treaty-making power in the executive is, in itself, complete; and that it cannot be controlled by the power of Congress, either to regulate commerce or to furnish appropriations. The republicans avowed a different interpretation. The federalists contended that congress had a right to regulate the press; did not the republicans think otherwise? The federalists contended that the common law of England was the law of the U. States; and that the federal judiciary had a right to declare any law of congress unconstitutional and void. Did not the republicans deny the first; and many of them deny the latter doctrine? A contrary opinion has prevailed about the tenure, on which the judiciary hold their office: one party declaring that congress had no right to re-organize the courts provided it would destroy the functions and salary of a particular judge; and the other party advocating a different doctrine. Is it right to suffer these ambiguities to prevail any longer? Is it right to trust the meaning of such an important instrument as the constitution to construction & inuendo? The same grievances of which we have already complained, may hereafter recur: A president like Mr. Adams, and a party like the federalists, equally favourable to executive power, may appear; and then we may in vain lament that we have suffered the time to pass by unimproved, which might have been employed in clearing up the doubtful sense of the constitution, and setting bounds to the usurpations of an ambitious executive. We cannot but hope that the republicans in congress and in the state legislatures, though we should strongly prefer the latter, will go on with the work of improvement, in spite of the prognostics of those men, who in the language of Gerald will "see a spectre in every bush."
COMMUNICATION. Who shall succeed the present worthy chief magistrate of Virginia, is a question which must soon be decided. In the decision, however, of this question, as well as in every election to honorable offices, or those of high trust, there are certain principles, which ought invariably to guide a people solicitous of preserving pure republicanism. The first, and which may be considered as the basis of every other, is to give to virtue and to talents that distinguished preference, that tribute of public homage, which shall mark the just estimation in which they are held by an enlightened people; and which, more efficaciously than any other cause, produces, cherishes, and matures qualities so essential in a republic. The moment in which a democratic government loses sight of this principle, is the commencement of its dissolution. The moment that the public dignity is sacrificed to private views, that public honours are bestowed upon those who have given no proof of the love of country, of the inflexibility of their virtue, as well as of their mental talents, is the moment of death to all those great and many qualities from which popular governments derive their superior estimation and energy. It has been well observed, that virtue is the peculiar spring of a republic. This spring must not then be borne down by the cumbrous load of doubtful pretensions to real merit. Every patriot will be anxious, not only to preserve its elasticity unimpaired, but to add to its force. The next principle is, to select those who, by their past services, have deserved well of their country. To direct to its proper object the grateful plaudit of an entire nation, is the attribute only of a free and a virtuous people. Monarchical favouritism may shed its bloated honors upon the cringing adulator; or tyranny may give the purple robe and the spoils of industry to the vile instrument of its nefarious machinations; but in a well-ordered republic, the common good is the centre to which every movement must tend; and every day, new power must be communicated to this attracting principle, by conferring upon those who have already evinced their devotion to the public, the weighty testimony of general esteem. Another principle is, that in elections to important offices, he who solicits a vote, ought, from that very circumstance, to be deemed unworthy of preference. He who is the first to biazon his own merit, only affords a proof that it is not very conspicuous; and we might be assured, if historical experience had been silent, that venality, sycophancy, the spirit of faction have already begun to spread their deliterious influences when posts of honour and of profit yield to the effrontery of mean and cunning solicitation. An honest and a wise elector hears the voice of no other solicitation, than that of reason, and public justice. Whether Virginia will long remain steady to these obvious principles, I know not; but I do know, that to pretend to cherish republicanism, and to forget the maxims which are the food and life of such a system; nay, to transplant all those which are indigenous to monarchies, or aristocracies, where the few are every thing, and the people nothing, is the consummation of folly and political depravity. The streams which enrich a country, hasten to mingle their waters with the sea,—republics lose themselves in the absorbing gulph of monarchy. No doubt, Virginia embraces many citizens worthy of the high honour of representing her in her executive functions; nor do I mean to detract from the merit of others by naming a particular gentleman. I only exercise the right of every citizen; and if I shall be instrumental in turning the public attention to a person, who has the support of the principles just mentioned, my object will be answered. Col. Larkin Smith has long been seen upon the theatre of his country. He was an early and strenuous actor throughout the whole of that revolutionary scene, which gave birth to our republic; nor has he ceased to treasure in his heart the principles of '76. His patriotism has stood the test of every storm, and has shewn that it is too deep-rooted to be shaken. The respectability of his character both in public and in private, a natural urbanity as well as dignity of manners, an integrity which is above suspicion, a sound and comprehensive mind, which can embrace either a general interest, or direct the minutest details of office, together with an experience in the art of war, acquired in the bloody school of the revolution,—all seem to recommend, in strong terms, Col. Larkin Smith as a fit person for the important office of first magistrate of Virginia.
COMMUNICATION.
A petition ought to be presented to the next General Assembly, praying that a law may pass directing the Inspectors of Tobacco to receive no forage on Tobacco that is shipped or taken away without being stored. Many hundreds of bds. have been inspected within a few years past, when there was no room in the ware-houses to deposit the same. The consequence was, that the planter thus had to pay all the shipping duties, together with the forage, and be at the expense and trouble of having his tobacco transported to some other ware-house for storage. As this was never contemplated by the law, and is not consistent with equity: the justice is such a law shall be passed.
to a squabble happened to occur last week between Cornwallis's fleet. On finding that Gravina and Villeneuve had failed, it is possible Calder might steer for Cadiz. There were various rumours as to the command which would be given to Lord Nelson—Lord Keith had failed to the North Sea.
HAMBURGH, August 19. All the Dutch troops in the territories of Holstein and Schleswig, have received orders to hold themselves in readiness to march. A Russian courier having brought very important dispatches to Copenhagen, an express was immediately sent off by the Prime Minister to the Prince Royal, who was with the Princess in the German part of the Danish dominions, requesting his immediate return to Copenhagen. Great movements have been of late observed among the French troops in Hanover; and it is strongly suspected to be the Corsican's intention to march an army into Holstein, and to occupy Gluckstadt, Hufhusen, and Toningen, so as to shut up every communication with Great Britain, and even to blockade the Sound from the land side. This plan of operations, which is said to have been offered to Bonaparte by Gen. Schauenburg, has received his full approbation; but the Court of St. Petersburg having been informed of it, the most positive orders were sent to the Danes to defend the neutrality and independence of their territory.
We understand that on the 15th of August Mr. Monroe, our minister at London, had an interview with Lord Mulgrave, the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, on the subject of the recent captures, when it appeared that no new order had been issued, but that they proceeded from the decisions recently made in the high court of appeals, subjecting the trade between European hostile countries and their colonies through a neutral state, to a much narrower rule than had been before contemplated. At this interview the subject was not discussed in detail between Mr. Monroe and the Minister, but the latter assured him that there was nothing in the disposition of his government which would admit of an unfriendly measure against the United States. Another conference having been requested by Mr. Monroe, for the purpose of entering more fully into the affair, it remains to be seen what will be the issue of this important business. National Intelligencer.
NEIL MCCOULL HAS received, by the late arrivals from London and Liverpool, his usual supply of FALL & WINTER GOODS. October 22. tf.
TO PROPRIETORS OF LAND IN TENNESSEE AND KENTUCKY. THE subscriber will, about the first of January next, set out for Nashville in the state of Tennessee, where he means to reside and to engage in the practice of the law. Persons holding lands or having business of any kind to transact either in Tennessee or Kentucky, are informed that he will undertake to visit lands in either of these states to ascertain their value and quality, to have the taxes on them regularly paid and to execute any sort of agency which will not require an absence of more than 3 or 4 weeks from the place of his residence. Those who think proper to employ him may rely upon his paying a diligent attention to the business committed to his care. Letters addressed to him in Fredericksburg will be duly attended to, or he may be seen at General Minor's office until the 15th of December next. HENRY MINOR. Fredericksburg, October 28. (oaw4w.)
DOCTOR J. WORALL, HAVING taken the first brick house on the right hand side after passing the corner of the Cross-street, leading from the Brick-Row to the head of the Basin, offers his services to the citizens of Richmond and its vicinity in the different branches of the MEDICAL PROFESSION. Families residing in the country, requiring his assistance, may depend on the most prompt and assiduous attention. October 22. (oaw2m.)
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD. STRAYED or stolen from my pasture two or three weeks past, a valuable PLOUGH HORSE. He is of a bay color, sturdy and well set, has a large body, and one of his eyes (I believe his right) has been injured by a blow which divided his upper eye lid, and has almost if not entirely deprived him of sight in that eye. He has a swish mane and tail; gallops, trots, and paces, and would answer as well for the cart as for the plough. I have some reason to believe he was brought to Richmond about the time of the Fairfield Races, and either exchanged or sold. I will give the above reward, and pay all reasonable charges, to any person who will deliver him to me, and I will give twenty dollars for the detection of the thief, if he has been stolen. W. BROCKENBROUGH, Hanover, October 22. tf.
OYSTER HOUSE. GEORGE WATSON, HAS commenced his former and well known occupation of furnishing OYSTERS, BEEF STEAKS, COLD SNACKS, and RELISHES, at the white House near the Union Tavern, wherein the Post-Office was lately kept. He begs leave to assure those who may favour him with their company or commands, that nothing shall be neglected on his part which promises to give satisfaction. October 15.
BOARDING IN WILLIAMSBURG. AS the time when the course usually commences at William & Mary College is fast approaching, the subscriber informs parents and young gentlemen that he will continue to receive boarders on terms as moderate as circumstances will allow. It will be his peculiar endeavor to combine satisfactory accommodations, with internal decorum and propriety. Beside other recommendations, his house possesses the advantage of being almost contiguous to the college. ED: CHEMINANT. Williamsburg, October 1. (5t.)
BENJAMIN STETSON, INFORMS his friends and the public in general he has for sale, 400 gallons Holland's Linseed Oil, White Lead and Spanish Brown ground in Oil, Patent Green ground in ditto. Verdigris and Spanish Brown, dry; 8 by 10 Window Glass, & Putty; 2d, 3d, 4d, 6d, 8d, 10d, and 20d Nails, two Casks Spike Nails, Bar Iron, German and Blistered Steel; general assortment of Iron Hollow Ware; 103 lbs. Molasses, French Brandy, West-India and New-England Rum, Tea, Coffee, Leaf and Brown Sugar, Chocolate, Mena, fine and coarse Shoes, Ladies Kid & Morocco and Leather Slippers; 8 Boxes Cotton and Wool Cards assorted; half pint and quart Tumblers, small invoice elegant cut glass, Rone ware, German Ozenburgs, 30 Casks Salt, Nova Scotia Grind Stones, and many other articles in store, which he will sell cheap for cash or country produce. April 2. (law 12m.)
TO BE RENTED. MY HOUSE and LOT, upon Blackner-Hill, in an airy pleasant situation. For terms, apply to Mr. Samuel McGraw, who is fully authorized by me, to treat for the same, or to the subscriber. Possession may be immediately had. WILLIAM MANN. August 30. (F.F.)
THE HIGHEST PRICE (IN CASH) WILL BE GIVEN AT THIS OFFICE FOR CLEAN LINEN & COTTON RAGS.
ELECTION IN PENNSYLVANIA. TABLE Exhibiting the number of votes given at the late general election for each of the candidates for the office of governor—their respective Majorities in each county—and the number of Constitutional and Revolutionary members elected to serve in the next house of representatives of this state. True American.
   NAMES of the CITY, and 42 COUNTIES. Number of Votes for Majorities for Constitutional Revolutionary   McKean Smith McKean Smith     Adams 720 241 505   Alleghany 80   Bedford 681   Bucks 2161 1525 875 4   Berks 5718 2007 1711 5   Chester 271 5   Cumberland 549 3   Dauphin 1159 3   Delaware 1101 478 625 3   Lebanon 647 2   Lancaster 594 1541 347 3   Luzerne 2878 2507 1671 6   Lycoming 559 258 271 2   Union 432   Montgomery 1000 3   Northampton 2563 1930 488 4   Northumberland 5054 1509 1845 8   Philadelphia 1953 4   Dauphin 2071 1416 655 5   Schuylkill 2036 2465 429 6   Schuylkill 246 1   Wayne 1   Westmoreland 1   York 1406 255 1151 4   Totals 15926 5587 52 21   Present Constitutional Maj. 7959.  
The returns from the City of Philadelphia, and the counties of Philadelphia, Delaware, Bucks, Berks, Montgomery, Lancaster and Northampton, are complete and correct.
In Adams county, there are five districts—our returns are only from four of them.
From Alleghany we have the result of only one district.
We have given the majority of three of the districts of Fayette—the returns from the others are still unknown.
From Franklin we have the returns of all the districts but one—this, it is said, will reduce Mr. Snyder's majority in that county to 150.
Two districts are wanting to complete the returns of the county of Luzerne.
PHILADELPHIA, October 17. We are enabled to lay before the readers of "The True American" this morning, European Intelligence to 30th of August, from London papers to that date, received by the ship Benjamin Franklin.
The expectations of a continental war appear to gain strength daily in England. Bonaparte's writers have commenced their attacks on Austria and Russia. A late Moniteur observes, that the conduct of Austria in keeping up a formidable military force in the Tyrol and Italy, is tantamount to a declaration of war. This force, therefore, must be diminished or hostilities commence. The French Government appears to have abandoned all hopes of preserving peace with Russia. We hear of no measure or expedient which has that object in view; but of restoring a good understanding with Austria, hopes are still entertained, and Talleyrand is exerting all his "diplomatic skill" for that purpose. The prospect of success is faint. The Emperor of Germany is prepared for war—Napoleon had not reached St. Petersburg at the last dates.
Intelligence had been received in England of the departure of the Combined Fleet from Toulon, on the 19th of August. No account, however, had been received of their arrival at Cadiz. A day or two after the fleet left Toulon, Ad. Calder appeared off there.

DEFENCE OF THE UNITED STATES.
PAPER THE SECOND.
ON COMMERCIAL RESTRICTIONS.
Illustrated by Mr. Madison's Resolutions and Speech in Congress, in 1794.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
FRIDAY, January 4.
The house, according to the order of the day, resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Trumbull in the chair, on the report of the secretary of state, relative to the privileges, and restrictions of the commerce of the United States, and after some time spent in the business, the Speaker resumed the chair, and
Mr. Trumbull reported progress, and the committee had leave to sit again on Monday week.
Whilst the house was in committee of the whole, Mr. Madison asked and obtained leave to lay the following resolutions on the table:
Resolved, as the opinion of the committee, That the interest of the United States would be promoted by further restrictions and higher duties, in certain cases, on the manufactures and navigation of foreign nations employed in the commerce of the United States, than those now imposed.
1. Resolved, as the opinion of this committee, That an additional duty ought to be laid on the following articles manufactured by European Nations, having no commercial treaty with the United States, on all clothes of which leather is the material of chief value, an additional duty of per centum ad valorem.
On all manufactured iron, steel, tin, pewter, copper, brass, or articles of which either of these metals is the material of chief value, on additional duty of per centum ad valorem.
On all articles of which cotton is the chief material of chief value, an additional duty of per centum ad valorem.
On all articles of which wool is the chief material of chief value, where the estimated value on which the duty is payable as above, an additional duty of per centum ad valorem, where such value is below an additional duty of per centum ad valorem.
On all manufactures of which hemp or flax is the material of chief value, and of which the estimated value on which the duty is payable is below an additional duty of per centum ad valorem.
On all manufactures of which silk is the material of chief value, an additional duty of per centum ad valorem.
2. Resolved, as the opinion of this committee, That an additional duty of per ton ought to be laid on the vessels belonging to nations having no commercial treaties with the United States.
3. Resolved, as the opinion of this committee, That the duty on vessels belonging to nations having commercial treaties with the United States, ought to be reduced to per ton.
4. Resolved, as the opinion of this committee, That where any nation may refuse to consider as vessels of the United States, any vessels built within the United States: the foreign built vessels of such nation ought to be subjected to a like refusal unless built within the United States.
5. Resolved, as the opinion of this committee: That where any nation may refuse to admit the produce or manufactures of the United States, unless in vessels belonging to the United States, or to admit them in vessels of the United States, if last imported from any place not within the United States, a like restriction ought, after the day of such nation; and that in the mean time, a duty of per ton extraordinary ought to be imposed on vessels so importing any such produce or manufacture.
6. Resolved, as the opinion of this committee, That where any nation may refuse to the vessels of the United States a carriage of the produce or manufactures thereof, whilst such produce or manufactures are admitted by it in its own vessels, it would be just to make the restrictions reciprocal: but inasmuch as such a measure, if suddenly adopted might be particularly distressing in cases which merit the benevolent attention of the United States, it is expedient for the present, that a tonnage extraordinary only of be imposed on the vessels so employed; and that all distilled spirits imported therein shall be subjected to an additional duty of one part of the existing duty.
7. Resolved, as the opinion of this committee, That provision ought to be made for liquidating and ascertaining the losses sustained by citizens of the United States from the operation of particular regulations of any country contravening the law of nations, and that such losses be reimbursed in the first instance, out of the additional duties on the manufactures, productions and vessels of the nation establishing such unlawful regulations.
Tuesday, January 14.
The house passed to the order of the day, in committee of the whole, Mr. Trumbull in the chair, on the resolutions proposed some days since by Mr. Madison: the first whereof was still under consideration, viz: "Resolved, as the opinion of this committee, that the interest of the United States would be promoted by further restrictions and higher duties, in certain cases, on the manufactures and navigation of foreign nations employed in the commerce of the United States, than those now imposed."
This resolution being read from the chair, it was expected that Mr. Smith, of South-Carolina, agreeably to the hint which he gave yesterday, would have proceeded to finish his observations, some of which we laid before our readers in the Philadelphia Gazette of last Wednesday. In these, he drew a general conclusion, that in comparing the policy of the British and French commercial regulations, and restrictions, upon the trade of the United States, the balance was in favor of the former, and that whilst in the British system we behold the picture of an open commercial system, we might trace in the conduct of the French, the act of an invidious friend. And that upon the whole, Great-Britain was not only a better customer, but a better supplier for the United States, than France.
For some moments after the chairman had read the resolution, there was silence in the house, it being expected, that Mr. Smith would resume the thread of his arguments, but on his declining it,
Mr. Madison rose, and began, by observing, that he had expected the gentleman from South-Carolina, who spoke yesterday, would have risen this day to conclude his observations, but that as he had not done so, and as no other person had risen, either to attack or defend the resolutions, he himself would presume to request the attention of the committee.
The gentleman who spoke yesterday, had repeatedly pressed it on the house, that the discussion should be entirely free from all political considerations. In the course of his own remarks, he would find himself under the necessity to make several observations of a collateral nature, which were connected with the present political conduct of some of the states of Europe. It might, he said, be a question, how far it was proper for the government of any country to intermeddle in the management of its commerce. Perhaps it might be for the universal benefit of mankind, to establish a free trade in every quarter of the world, and at once to knock down all the barriers which had been erected by prejudice, by avarice, and by despotism. This might perhaps be proper, but even to this theory of commerce, there was some strong exceptions. He would instance, for example, the British act of navigation. It had been in fact found, that eleven parts in twelve of all the shipping employed in her trade, had been secured to her by that law: it took place in the year 1660. At that time the foreign tonnage employed in the British trade was equal to one-fourth part of the whole. In 1700, it was reduced to one-sixth part; in 1729, it had risen to one-fourth part; in 1750, it had sunk again to one-twelfth, and in 1774, it was about the same rate.
There was another important, and at the same time a very obvious exception to the desire of the perfect freedom of trade.
When we can transplant the manufactures of other countries into the bosom of our own, the whole was a clear gain. This would be of the utmost advantage to the United States.
What would be the consequence to America, he asked, if her trade were left to government to regulate itself? The sequel would be, that other nations would regulate our trade for us. This would destroy all the resources of our natural maritime strength, and leave us defenceless in the event of a rupture with any foreign nation.
It had been remarked, when his propositions were introduced, that the subject was not a novel one. In fact, it began with our political existence.
In 1784, the United States granted to Congress, a power of regulating commerce. There was, however, some radical defect in the system of government itself, and it failed. The state of Massachusetts attempted to establish an impost of a nature correspondent with the present propositions, and some other states showed a similar disposition, but from various reasons the project proved abortive. He believed, that it must be in the recollection of every member, that the regulation of our commerce was one of the principal objects held in view by the establishment of the federal constitution, and without that view, there was the greatest reason to think that the constitution never would have existed.
It was expected that such an attempt would be made, and the experiment had accordingly been made. It passed through the house of representatives at New-York, but it expired in the senate. They approved the principle, but they disliked the mode of reducing it to practice. The subject had since lain in a dormant state, as no substitute had been proposed by the house. If the senate at that time had any good reason for their objections, these reasons are now at an end. At New-York, it was zealously and successfully, conceded, that the treaty of peace was then on the point of being put into execution. A commercial treaty might likewise perhaps be agreed upon; and therefore that it was proper in the meantime to be as obliging as possible. The business of regulating our commerce was consequently arrested, for the moment, in its progress, until the present time. We have waited for Mr. Madison, "The treaty of peace is not yet executed. There is no negotiation for a commercial treaty in train, or in prospect."
He was of opinion that we had shewn sufficient generosity and forbearance, and since these trials had failed, and as we had gained nothing by them, we were now free to act as we might think proper, and we were bound to do so. He should therefore proceed to consider the proposition, as affecting the interest of this country under three different heads.
First, as to navigation, second, as to manufactures, and third, as to discriminating between different nations.
He began with the article of navigation. As to Britain, our situation with that country was the most unequal that could be devised. The British were at liberty to bring the produce of every country to America, while we cannot carry the produce of the United States in our own vessels, to most of the British markets, nor can we employ the vessels of other countries to do it. As to the West-Indies, we were in a manner absolutely excluded from them; although we are so excellently situated by nature for mutual intercourse. The gentleman from South-Carolina had considered it as a favor to the United States, that our productions may be carried to the British West-Indies, while those of other nations were not suffered to be so. This he said was a mere form, since it had been found by experience, that there was not another country in the world that could supply the West-Indies.
The effect of the British regulations against the American commerce, and in favor of their own, was striking.
In 1790, the amount of British tonnage employed in the American trade, was two hundred and eleven thousand, whilst that of America was only forty-three thousand.
He was not sure but that temporary cause, might have since augmented the proportion of American shipping. This difference was the more remarkable, when compared with the state of our shipping, employed in our commerce with other nations.
With Spain, our tonnage was in a proportion of five to one. With Portugal, as six to one. With the Netherlands, as fifteen to one. With Denmark, as twelve to one. With France, as five to one. And with Britain, as one to six! So that by transferring our exports from Britain to France, we should multiply our shipping ten fold. Perhaps, he said, there might be some increase in the proportion of American shipping, within the last two or three years, in regard to other countries, but it was not much increased in regard to Britain. Here he recited another and more recent list of proportions, whereby it appeared, that the state of the American shipping, employed in our commerce with Spain, was in the proportion of sixteen to one. With Portugal, as fifteen to one. With the Netherlands, as twenty-five to one. With Denmark as fifteen to one. With Russia, as fourteen to one. With France, between four and five to one. And with Britain, as one to three!
It was the more mortifying to think of such a disproportion, when we reflected on the nature and amount of the commodities exported. We send to Britain the necessaries of life. We accept in return their manufactures the fabrication of which supplies many thousands of the people in that country with the means of purchasing subsistence, so that in reality these manufactures are also necessaries of life to them. In such a case, America was undoubtedly entitled to command the market. She was entitled to command and to possess a navigation comprehending two hundred and twenty-two thousand ton of shipping and thirteen thousand seamen, by carrying her own commodities to Britain.
In place of this we have but sixty-six thousand tons of shipping and three thousand nine hundred and sixty seamen. While Britain employs one hundred and fifty-six thousand tons of shipping and nine thousand three hundred and sixty seamen, which is about treble the quantity of tonnage employed by America. There was therefore an extreme disproportion against us. We had indeed allowed a discount of ten per cent. of the duties payable upon imports, when they are made in American bottoms. This had been of some service to our shipping. At least it was possible that it might have been so. But he was of opinion that a discount upon our exports would have answered the purpose much better.
(To be continued.)
NOTICE.
ALL persons who have any demands against me, either on my own account or as security for others, are desired to bring them forward within three months from this date, and all just claims shall be discharged. The creditors of Bernard M'Anally, dec'd, are particularly requested to attend to this notice, having funds in my hands belonging to said M'Anally's estate. Should this notice be disregarded, I shall consider myself absolved from all claims brought forward after the expiration of the above mentioned period.
BRETT RANDOLPH. Fighting Creek, Powhatan, Oct. 8. TBw
TO BE SOLD.
On liberal credit, and in lots to suit purchasers, FROM two hundred and fifty to three hundred acres of LAND, in the county of Henrico, about four miles from Richmond—a distance which renders it but little liable to pillage, yet sufficiently near to one of the best and most improving markets in the United States.
The advantages of small farms near large towns, are so obvious and generally admitted, as not to require particular enumeration. Persons residing in the city with large families, and who are obliged to keep horses, would be able in one year to save more than the original purchase. For further particulars enquire of Mr. Thomas Norvell.
May 14. [exf.c.]
NOTICE.
THE subscribers, being desirous of closing their administration on the estate of William Wigham, deceased, call upon all those who have claims against him, to make them known before the second Monday in November next, when they intend to render an account of their administration to the court of justices, for the city of Richmond: after which no claim not previously given in, will be attended to, but this notice will be placed in bar thereof. All persons indebted to the deceased, are desired to make immediate payment, as no indulgence can be given.
EDWARD CARRINGTON, J. A. CHEVALLIE. September 13. (Fff.)
WHEREAS I executed a deed of trust to Lancaster Minor, Richard Tompkins, and John M. Herndon, bearing date the 7th day of March, 1803, for certain purposes therein mentioned, which being now effected: I therefore take this method of giving Notice, that I hereby revoke and make void said deed.
WILLIAM MINOR. Hanover, Oct. 8. Tfw
WITH to lease for a term of years my HOUSE on the hill between Col: Gamble's and Belvidere.
As it was designed for my own residence no expense has been spared to afford every convenience for the elegant accommodation of a small family. A figure of four half acre lots under an excellent enclosure, is annexed to the house, and the benefit of luxurious and extensive pasturage for a few horses and cows will be granted by Col: Harvie. It is intended to erect a bridge over the canal near Mr. Rutherford's mills, by which the distance to the lower part of the town will be rendered more convenient than from the greater part of the houses on Shockoe-hill.
To a general family, who will take proper care of the buildings and enclosures, I will let it upon very moderate terms.
JOHN BROCKENBROUGH. September 10. (Tif.)
FOR SALE.
A TRACT OF LAND in Surry county, containing about 1600 acres, within 3 miles of James river, and a mile and a half of a navigable part of Gray's creek. There is a house on different parts of the tract, and the woods are sufficient for the accommodation of a general family, with every necessary house for farming.
This tract will bear dividing into three parts, and may have a sufficient proportion of very rich low grounds in each; but would be more valuable to a single purchaser, as it abounds with timber, both of white and red oak, (six for five) pine, poplar and ash; and there is a very advantageous site for a grist and saw mill, nearly in the centre of the tract—it is unnecessary to say more, than that it is a beautiful, airy situation, and abounds in good springs; but an ample reward new in perfection, of 800 grafted fruit of the most choice kinds. The quality of the lands, will be best judged of by those who are desirous of purchasing, and will take the trouble of viewing the premises—part of the purchase money being paid cash, the balance may be paid in two, three or four annual payments—giving approved security. For terms apply to RICHARD COOKE. Isle of Wight, near Smithfield, September 13. F 7w.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
RUNAWAY from the subscriber, on Saturday night last, a negro man named PRINCE, he is about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, stout made, and when spoken to, has rather a down look; his apparel when he went off was a drab broad cloth coat with a yellow cape, waistcoat of the same, and pantalettes of Manchester stuff, he also took with him a short jacket and pantalettes of Virginia cloth dyed brown, and a yellow Merlais waistcoat; it is presumable he may attempt to get to Petersburg or Richmond, and go from thence to Williamburg or Norfolk, as he was formerly the property of Samuel Griffin, Esq. of Williamsburg.
Whoever will deliver the said fellow to me, five miles below Nottoway Court-house, or secure him in jail, so that I get him again, shall be entitled to the above reward—Masters of vessels and others, are cautioned against carrying him off.
RICHARD EVES. Nottoway, October 18. (cp 5w p.)
NOTICE.
That on Tuesday, the 29th day of the present month, I shall expose to sale, by Public Auction, for ready money, to the highest bidder, at the Vendue Office of Messrs. Prosser and Moncure, the following SLAVES, viz:
NANCY, a woman aged about 22 years, Daniel, a boy about twelve years, Yarmour, a girl about five years, Kitty, a girl about two years, and Jack, a boy about six months old, or such, and so many of them as may be sufficient to satisfy Thomas White, the sum of 500 dollars, with interest.—Costs and charges attending the execution of a Deed of Trust, executed to the subscriber by Thomas Woodridge, and duly admitted to record in the Hustings Court of the city of Richmond.
ISAAC WHITE, Trustee. Richmond, October 18. (cp rds.)
RUNAWAY NEGRO.
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD, if taken within fifty miles of Richmond, and one hundred Dollars if taken beyond it, will be given to apprehend a negro man named LEWIS, about thirty years of age, who last night ran away from the subscribers. He is very stout made, and about 5 feet 10, or 5 feet 11 inches high; has a maculose countenance—had on when he went away, a Rufus Drill Drab Coat and Pantalettes; but has a variety of other clothing. He was formerly the property of Mr. Edward Hallam of Hanover Town, where perhaps he may be gone—All matters of vessels are forewarned from harboring or carrying him away, under the penalty of the law.
GILLIAM KIRBY. September 6. (tf.)
NOTICE.
A Petition will be presented to the next General Assembly, praying that the County Court of King William may hereafter be held on the first Monday, and the Court of Hanover on the fourth Monday of every month. O.G.S. T.W.
GEORGE WILY, BROKER & COMMISSION MERCHANT,
Near the Basin, BUYS and sells all kinds of Produce—Also, Lands Lots, and houses, Bank Stock, &c. He has for Sale, Lots No. 141, 2, 3, and 4, which make one entire figure in Du-Val's addition.—There is a good Spring attached to them. These lots are well worth the attention of any gentleman wishing to build a summer retreat for his family. July 23.—tf.
LAND—FOR SALE,
In the county of Lunenburg, lying within one mile of the Court-house, on Couch's creek; this tract contains seven hundred and fifty acres, one hundred and fifty of which are cleared; comfortably improved for the accommodation of a family. This land is well suited to the cultivation of Tobacco, Corn and Wheat. A great bargain may be had in this land. The terms may be made known, by application to Major Grief Green, of Nottoway, who is duly authorized to dispose of it, or the subscriber living on the premises.
JOSEPH SMITH. Lunenburg, August 2.—(cp tf.)
NOTICE.
A Petition will be presented to the General Assembly of Virginia, at the next session, praying that an act may pass to incorporate a company for the purpose of cutting a Canal on the fourth side of the Falls of James River, or otherwise improving the navigation of the river for the passage of Batteaux; and also for the establishment of a Bank in the town of Manchester. August 13. (cp m.L.)
Mc CALL'S
NAIL MANUFACTORY, ON THE CANAL, RICHMOND.
WROUGHT and cut nails of a superior quality, are sold at present for the following prices, by the barrel.
WROUGHT NAILS.
Spikes, 40d. 30d. and 20d. Nails, 12 1/2 Cts. per lb 12d. Nails, - - - 13 10d. Ditto, - - - 14 8d. do. - - - 14 1/2 6d. do. - - - 7 1/2 per m.
CUT NAILS AND BRADS.
24d. 20d. & 12d. Cut Nails & Brads. 11 Cts. per lb 10d. Ditto, - - - 11 8d. do. - - - 11 1/2 6d. Nails, - - - 12 1/2 4d. do. - - - 13 3d. do. - - - 14
Retail price, one Cent and a half per lb. higher. Wrought and cut spikes of every size. All kinds of Blacksmith's work will be done at the said manufactory, and a constant supply of Bar Iron, Hoop Iron, Nail Rods, Steel, &c. for sale. October 15. tf.
IN CHANCERY.
John Profit, Randolph Profit, Jesse Profit, Rowland Profit, Elizabeth Profit and Nancy Profit, children of David Profit, dec'd, and Duncan Cameron and Molly his wife, late Molly Profit, a daughter of David Profit, dec'd, and David Profit and Austin Profit infant children of Austin Profit, dec'd, who was a son of the said David Profit, dec'd, by John Profit their guardian and next friend.
Amberley August Court, 1805. Against William Jodan and Sally his wife, Joseph Wilcher and Susanna his wife, and David Profit, which said Sally, Susanna, and David are children of the said David Profit, dec'd. Defts
On the motion of the complainants by their attorney, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendants Wm. Jodan and Sally his wife, Joseph Wilcher and Susanna his wife, and David Profit are not inhabitants of this state and without the jurisdiction of this court: It is ordered that the defendants do appear here on the third Monday in November next, and answer the complainant's bill, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some public newspaper published within this Commonwealth for eight weeks successively, and that another copy be posted at the front door of the court house of this county on some court day. Copy Teste, W. S. CRAWFORD, c. c. cur. Sept. 24. ep8w.
FOR SALE.
THE Tenement belonging to the James River Company, where the manager formerly resided, lying about half a mile above the city, and contiguous to James river, and commands a prospect equal to any site within the vicinity of Richmond. The tenement contains one acre of land, whereon is the manager's house and an excellent spring of water.
The sale will be made on the premises, on Tuesday the fifth of next month, at public auction, on a credit of twelve months, the purchaser to give bond with approved security, and the title not to be conveyed until the payment of the money. By order of the President and Directors. ROBT. POLLARD. (tds.) October 15.
FOR SALE.
JOHN H. FEYTON, attorney at Law, residing in Dumfries, in addition to the District Courts of Fredericksburg, and Hay-Market, will in future attend the High Court of Appeals. October 15. (t2.)
FOR SALE.
EIGHTY-EIGHT acres of LEVEL LAND, about 2 1/2 miles below Rockets, on the Williamsburg road, well situated for a tavern.—Also, six half acre LOTS in Maj. Duval's new plat. The above will be sold very low—for particulars enquire of THOMAS NORVELL. October 15. tf.
MILITARY CERTIFICATES.
FOR SALE, Certificates of this state, bearing interest of 6 per cent. and receivable at the Treasury, for all arrears of taxes, prior to the year 1798. WILLIAM PRICE, Cash'r. Genl. M. A. S. May 10. tf.
BOLTING CLOTHS.
A COMPLETE assortment of best Dutch Bolting Cloths, just received—for sale by M. & B. MYERS. September 10. (cp tf.)
TO RENT,
A Very large and excellent CELLAR, under the Mason's Hall—for terms, apply to Jacob I. Cohen, or Solomon Jacobs. September 20. cp4w
BURR MILL STONES, OF ALL SIZES; and
PLAISTER OF PARIS, of an excellent quality, FOR SALE, AS USUAL, BY WILLIAM DAVIDSON, near the Market. Dec. 4. [spf.]
JOHN TOMPKINS,
Has just received a fresh supply of OLD COGNAC BRANDY, a part of the same shipment of his former parcel. Also, a few bds. of ANTIGUA RUM, of good quality. He has on hand, a parcel of BEST FRENCH CAMBRICKS. The whole of which, he offers for sale very low for cash or on a liberal credit. August 16. (18N)
NOTICE.
The lectures in the College of William and Mary commence, as usual, on the third Monday in October.
PARENTS and Guardians are hereby informed, of the necessary expenses of a Student for one course; and it is greatly to be wished, that a deviation from them should, in no case, be permitted: Board at the highest rate, from the 20th of Oct. to the 20th of the succeeding July 150 D. Fuel, washing and candles, 35 Professor's fees, if three be attended, 45 Pocket money—not to exceed 30 Dollars, 250 October 8. 2.
EDUCATION OF YOUNG LADIES, AT WILLIAMSBURG.
In consequence of the sickness of the season, the time of receiving pupils will be extended to the 10th November.
• FEMALE Education, which, till lately, was too little attended to, appears now to have become an object universally interesting. In Europe it is not uncommon to confide one half of a young Lady's fortune to useful and ornamental accomplishments; and in our own country also, parents seem rapidly adopting the opinion, that a large portion of the sum appropriated to their daughters, may wisely be expended on their Education. The idea perhaps is just. Whose husband does not feel that the intelligence and accomplishments of his wife are of more importance to his happiness and enjoyment, than the addition of a few hundred pounds to his estate? Whose parent is not sensible that his satisfaction and peace of mind depend directly on that amiable deportment and general good conduct of his daughters, which result from a good education? Nor are these all, nor even the greatest benefits that flow from this fertile source. She, whom the wife and affectionate guardians of her youth have rendered rich in intellectual accomplishments and the elegant arts of personal accomplishment, can never become poor. She possesses a resource of which no vicissitude of fortune can deprive her. She enjoys a patrimony which can neither be exhausted by time, nor diminished by accident; but which, after having proved a refuge from misfortune for the mother, commonly defends in rich inheritance to her children.
Impressed with the truth and importance of these considerations, Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have devoted a large portion of their time and attention to the establishment of a school for the general improvement of young ladies. Having daughters of their own to educate, and viewing that object as the most serious business of their lives, they are personally interested in the arrangements they are making; and they judge from their own feelings, that they render an acceptable service to society, in forming a seminory where polite literature and the arts of personal improvement may be equally cultivated. They frankly own that they have sought less to produce an economical establishment than to render their institution conformant to the wishes of those who desire a good situation for the instruction and accomplishment of their daughters. They have accordingly engaged the assistance of the most eminent instructors in the several branches of female education, and made a liberal provision for every object which might conduce to the success of their undertaking. Their establishment will probably be most acceptable to those who have no disposition to make economy a principal consideration; but it is just to acknowledge, that on this subject they have hitherto experienced from parents the utmost liberality of sentiment.
A regard for the interest and improvement of his native city, and a just attachment to its amiable and excellent society, together with a conviction of its being, for education in general, the most favourable situation of this and the neighbouring southern and western states, induce Mr. Anderson to the following observations. The advantages which Williamsburg at this time possesses with regard to youthful improvement, and the rational enjoyments of social intercourse, unattended with the dissipation incident to large towns, give it a just claim to parental attention. Many individuals, particularly such who have a numerous family to educate, might find it interesting to make it their permanent or temporary residence. Several convenient dwellings may at present be obtained on moderate terms; and as far as relates to Mr. and Mrs. A's institution, all charges for tuition shall be made at half price for those young ladies whose parents are induced on their account to reside in town. To those who cannot thus become the immediate guardians of their children, Mr. and Mrs. A. offer (for a certain number of young ladies) a situation under their own roof, where it has been endeavored to assemble every advantage which can render improvement easy, agreeable and certain. September 13. (ep1m.)
WEST-POINT is still For Sale.
THE subscriber is authorised to sell the said well known Tract of Land, either altogether, or in Lots of three hundred acres or upwards, to suit purchasers, on the following terms, to wit: one fourth of the purchase money to be paid down, the other three fourths in equal annual instalments, to carry interest from the time of sale, and to be secured by bond and mortgage on the land.
It is deemed unnecessary to describe particularly a tract of land so remarkable for its fertility and the natural