The recorder (Richmond, Va.), 1803-04-20 00:00:00

THE RECORDER;
PRINTED BY HENRY PACE, 40, T. CALLENDER, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA; PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY AND SUBSCRIPTION FOR DOLLARS PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE.
TUESDAY, APRIL 20, 1803.
TO THE PUBLIC.
Gentlemen, who wish to subscribe to the Saturday's Recorder, are requested to send in their subscriptions, within a very few days. But this they need not do, unless they send, at the same time, two dollars in advance. The next Saturday's paper, to wit, that of the 26th. current, is the last that can be issued to any person either in town or country, unless to those that have paid for it, one year in advance.
In pleading before the court of Henrico against the King of Clubs, Mr. William Marshall observed that "The Recorder had the most extensive circulation of any newspaper in Virginia; and that there was never, perhaps, an instance of such an extensive patronage acquired by any other newspaper, in so short a time."—This patronage has been acquired by exposing, with an impartial hand, the faults of all parties.
There never was more occasion for political vigilance than at present. As the bible says, there is DEATH in the pot. There exists an atrocious conspiracy against the liberty of the press, and of course, against the liberty of the people. This can be doubted by nobody that has heard of Cresswell's trial, on which we have enlarged at so much length.
Again, the right of selecting their own magistrates has in effect, been torn from a majority of the citizens of Richmond, by a phalanx of democratical usurpers.
Take notice, also, of what follows. In last session of assembly, Mr. Venable proposed a declaratory resolution that the truth shall be given in evidence in cases of libel. This resolution was, for that time, defeated by Peter Carr, the correspondent, such as he was, of general Washington,* and the confidential agent and nephew of Thomas Jefferson. There can be no doubt that Peter, like his apostolical namesake, was inspired from above.
Richmond, March 23. 1803.
BURR MILL-STONE MANUFACTORY.
THE subscriber returns sincere thanks to his friends and the public generally, for the very great encouragement he received in his line of business since his commencement in Richmond. He has lately received a large supply of excellent Burr-Stones at his manufactory, and does not hesitate to say, that he will sell Burr Mill-Stones as cheap as they were ever sold in the United States; he will warrant them to be of the best quality, and give ample security (if required) for their performance. Country produce will be taken in payment, or a more credit given; he has almost every sized Mill-Stone ready for delivery; also PLASTER of PARIS ground and in the stone.
CARSON HOLIDAY.
Richmond, Jan. 25th, 1803. (tf.)
JUST PUBLISHED
AND FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE
PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND THREE-PENCE
THE CONDUCT
OF MERIWETHER JONES,
IN A SERIES OF LETTERS,
ADDRESSED
TO THE PUBLIC,
By JAMES T. CALLENDER.
MANY gentlemen, when subscribing to this paper, have enquired for complete sets of the Recorder. These are not to be had. But this little publication will, in some measure, supply the want of them. Besides the seven letters to Jones, the last of which has run through every state, and every second newspaper in the union, the collection contains many other articles. Among these are, Defence of Aaron Burr—Mr. Samuel Coleman No. 1.—Defence of Timothy Pickering—A little more about republican economy—with a variety of small pieces.
RICHMOND MILLS.
THE subscriber hereby informs the public, that at length, after much trouble and expense, he has nearly completed one of his Mills on the James River Canal, in which there are two pair of Burr stones for manufacturing WHEAT, and two pair of Cologne stones now ready to grind CORN.
That the inconveniences which might arise from delay and difference of measures may be avoided, CORN will be received only by weight, at fifty pounds to the bushel, and a supply of MEAL and HOMINY will always be kept ready to give in exchange, at the rate of eighty-five pounds of Meal, or ninety-two pounds of Hominy, for one hundred pounds of Corn.
After the loss of weight by cleaning, and evaporation in grinding is deducted, the toll on Meal will be only about one tenth, and on Hominy one twentieth; it will, therefore, be much to the interest of those who keep horses, to have all their Corn ground.
As the subscriber is now providing a Fan and Screen for the purpose of cleaning the Corn effectually before it is ground, and as the meal will be made from the best Corn only, and none but such as is merchantable will be received; he hopes that general satisfaction will be given.
THOMAS RUTHERFORD.
N. B. The deduction for Storeage and Shrinkage on Corn, deposited to be exchanged for Meal and Hominy, will be made as moderate as possible.
January 1, 1803.
TO THE PUBLIC.
ON the 12th of March, 1803, commenced the Saturday's Recorder, the price being two dollars per annum, paid in advance. We shall often be unavoidably compelled to continue long articles from one paper to the other, so that the subscribers to the Wednesday's Recorder will find it extremely convenient to take the Saturday's likewise, in order that they may have articles always in their full and complete form. We shall now be able to take notice of a wide variety of foreign and domestic news, which we formerly were obliged to leave out for want of room. In doing this, we shall be particularly careful to select such articles as wear a serious appearance of authenticity, and are really worth reading. More cannot be demanded, and we shall endeavour not to do less. The three first numbers of the Saturday's paper were sent round to all our subscribers. After that, they will be sent only to those who, in the mean time, have remitted money to pay for their new subscription. From those who do not choose to take the Saturday's papers, these three numbers will be deducted in reckoning up their year.
REVISED CODE.
THE SUBSCRIBERS to the REVISED CODE are respectfully informed that the Book will be ready for delivery on the first of April next.
February 16th 1803.
A QUANTITY OF STONE LIME
In Tierses, for sale by
WILLIAM DAVIDSON,
Who has just received a large quantity of excellent IRISH POTATOES which he will sell cheap for cash.
Richmond, April 2d. 1803.
TO RENT,
AND possession given the first of next month the upper part of the house occupied by the subscribers, in which there are five convenient rooms, together with a good kitchen and stable for three horses. There is a well of water in the yard.
Apply to
THOMAS AND AMOS LADD.
Richmond, April 2d. 1803. tf.
RICHMOND MILLS.
THE public are hereby respectfully informed, that we shall continue to furnish Meal and Hominy for next quarter at the same prices as the last, viz. for Meal per bushel of 50 lbs. 3s. 6d. Hominy per bushel of 50 lbs. 3s. 3d. And they are requested to take notice, that these articles will only be delivered hereafter to tickets which may be had at our counting-house.
T. RUTHERFORD & Co.
March 31st. 1803.
CITY OF RICHMOND.
In Common Hall, Jan. 17th 1803.
WHEREAS the present funds of the corporation are not adequate to the expense of erecting a WORKHOUSE for the city, which would combine within itself all the conveniencies which a well regulated institution of this kind would require; having a regard to the future population of this city, yet it is wise and expedient that the funds now destined for this useful institution should be laid out in such a manner as to answer the present purposes of the corporation, and to admit such future additions as the encreasing population may require. Your Committee, therefore, beg leave to recommend it to the consideration of the Common Hall, to call in the aid of those who have experience of such institutions, and to offer a premium for the best plan of a Workhouse, which will be so contrived as to admit of being erected in parts, as the funds of the corporation will from time to time afford.
Resolved, therefore, that the committee appointed to prepare a plan of a Workhouse be discharged from further proceeding therein. And that the Mayor be requested to give notice in the newspapers, or otherwise, that the sum of thirty dollars will be given by the corporation, as a premium to the person who shall produce to the Hall, on the third Monday in February next, the best plan of a Workhouse, constructed as above mentioned, and to be approved of by the Hall, estimating the cost at four thousand dollars.
Copy Teste ADAM CRAIG, c. c. h.
NOTICE.
THE co-partnership of Adams and Fisher, was, on the 12th of last month dissolved by mutual consent. All those having claims against that concern, will apply to James Fisher for settlement, and those indebted will make immediate payment as no further indulgence can be given.
RICHARD ADAMS. JAMES FISHER.
N. B. James Fisher having purchased the stock of goods belonging to Adams and Fisher, intends carrying the business on for his own account. The aforesaid of goods is equal to any in that line.
Richmond, April 6th, 1803. (tf.)
TO BE RENTED,
THAT large and convenient BRICK TENEMENT in this city, lately occupied by Mr. Robert Turner, as a Tavern and Boarding-House, situate on the corner of the Main-Street; and that leading to Col. Mayo's Bridge. The central situation thereof cannot fail (if rented by a gentleman qualified for the purpose) to ensure a considerable number of respectable boarders; or, it is an eligible residence for a genteel private family. The premises may be entered, on the first day of March next, or immediately, as circumstances may suit; for terms apply to
ROBERT GAMBLE
Who has for sale a handsome assortment of CARPETS and CARPETING, and genuine PORTWINE, in pipes and quarter casks.
THE SUBSCRIBERS
TO the Washington Federalist are respectfully informed, that I am empowered by Mr. William Rind, to receive payment of the balances due to him in this city, and neighbourhood.
THOMAS TAYLOR.
Vendue Master.
Richmond, Feb. 26th. 1803.
FOR SALE,
A few likely young NEGROES.
For particulars enquire of the Printer. Richmond, March, 7th 1803.
WILL BE SOLD,
AT Public Auction, to the highest bidders, on Wednesday the 13th instant, before the door of James M c Clure, in the city of Richmond, all the personal estate of JAMES STUART, deceased; consisting of a few articles of Household Furniture, two hogheads of West Indian Rum, one crate of Earthenware, a few barrels of Sugar, a small quantity of Northern Rum, and about 400 lbs. Chalk. Ninety days credit will be given for all sums above ten dollars, on the purchaser's giving notes with approved security, to HENRY REID, Adm r . Richmond, April 13th 1803.
STALLED BEEVES,
Muttons, and 15000 weight of choice Bacon, FOR SALE.
FOR cash, or respectable merchants notes at sixty days. I can furnish a purchaser with seventy as fat bullocks as any in the state, perhaps not quite so large boned as the cattle from the South Branch of the Potomac, but equally fat. In preference I would sell them on the spot where they are stalled, but will drive them to Norfolk, Richmond, or Petersburg, if previously engaged by a butcher, or any other person inclined to buy, and as it may not be convenient, to take, or pay for the whole at one time, a purchaser may have any part not less than ten if taken here, but if driven by my own people, they must all go at one time. I have also a number of exceeding fat muttons, and 15000 weight of choice bacon, the hams salt-petred with particular care, and the whole made out of large fat hogs, and intended for the use of private families. Letters, post-paid, directed to me by mail to MARSHALLSVILLE, MECKLENBURG county shall be duly noticed.
WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, for SIR PEYTON SKIRWITH, Baronet.
AT a meeting of the Common Hall, for the city of Richmond, called by the Mayor, and held at the house of William Rose, in the said city, on Monday the 28th day of February, 1803.
Resolved, that the Mayor give notice in the newspapers, that the Hall have adopted a plan for a POOR HOUSE, and will receive proposals from under-takers for building the same, at any time before the third Monday in next month. The plan is lodged in the hands of Mr. Robert B. James. The proposals must be made in writing.
A copy Teste ADAM CRAIG, c. c. h. c. r.
TO THE PUBLIC.
MANY gentlemen residing in states north of this have addressed letters to us, to send them the Recorder; and requested we would name any person in Philadelphia, or New York, where they could send their subscription money. We take this opportunity of informing the public, that Mr. Lewis, paper-maker, at Philadelphia, will receive any subscriptions sent for the Recorder, and Mr. Coleman, printer of the New York Herald, at New York.
BURR MILL-STONE MANUFACTORY.
THE subscriber takes this mode of returning his thanks to his former patrons, and informing the public in general, that he has (by desire of his friends) re-commenced the MANUFACTURING OF BURR MILL-STONES, and having furnished himself with a supply of the best materials, and having had sixteen years experience in the business in Baltimore, Petersburg, and Richmond, hopes to be able to give satisfaction to his employers. The stones he will warrant to be as good as any in the United States.
Any orders left with Capt. WILLIAM PENNOCK, Norfolk; Capt. WILLIAM CHAMBERS, Staunton; Mr. WILLIAM HAY, Wythe County; or Mr. ROBERT MOORE, Petersburg, shall be duly attended to, and country produce received in payment at the customary prices.
TWO APPRENTICES will be taken to the above business, and short time required. WILLIAM DAVIDSON. Richmond, Jan. 10th 1803. (tf.)
N. B. For sale, PLASTER of PARIS, in stone or ground, for the improvement of land, with directions for the use thereof.

DUELLING.
The subject of duelling has exercised the ingenuity of many pens. An event that occurred last week, in Richmond, has called up the subject fresh to memory. The democrats, or republicans, as they sometimes call themselves, held a festival at the capitol, on the 28th of March last. Their object was, to celebrate their successful election of Mr. Jefferson, as president. In this there could be no harm. They had a title to do so. The number of persons present was eighty-eight. This catalogue includes the artillery company; all the people that hold offices under the federal government, or that expect to do so. Over and above this, there appears to have been a considerable number of boys, who went there, to show that they were men. After deducting captain Myers, and his company, the federal marshall, and his company, and George Hay, at the head of the class last mentioned, there can be no question, that the assembly must have contained at least eight or ten, or perhaps even twelve, independent private citizens; besides the governor, and member of the executive council.
When this numerous meeting broke up, and a very numerous meeting it was, when we consider the population of the state, and the prodigious strength of the party, a battalion of the boys adjourned to George Hay's. From this, after accepting the landlord's bottle, there was a natural transition to this office. How they came, when wiser people were in bed; how they blustered, and how they ran away, has been told already. They retreated to the light-house where they broke several windows. Next evening, two of them returned to the charge, when the patriotic operations were most insolently interrupted by the city guard. We have authority from some of that guard to say, that they offered the men money to let them go. They next attempted to give them liquor; but all would not do. The dogs stuck to their duty, and put the rioters into the cage.
Aristotle, and other ancient critics say, that the episode of an heroic poem should always correspond with the principal subject. Now, this maxim was exactly verified in the Epic of the light-house. Baker and Lindsey broke the windows, and Meriwether Jones became their bail. At one o'clock in the morning, the mayor of Richmond was raised out of his bed, to accept of this precious surety. Next day, twenty-two dollars were paid, as the price of the panes of broken glass, and the rioters were in consequence, discharged. They behaved with great patience and tranquility. This can easily be explained, so vast a sum as twenty two dollars and an half, must have made a very perceptible chasm in their finances; and the shortest way to lower the top-sails, is to cast the ballast over-board. George Hay has since, upon the public street, commended the breaking of the said panes of glass. He said that the young gentleman considered the light-house as a nuisance. They were, therefore, entitled to break the windows of it. The reader may say, that this doctrine is absurd, ridiculous, and mad. That may be; but, as George Hay laid down the premises, it is not the Recorder, but the King of Clubs, that must answer for the conclusions. Since the days of Cataline, the youth of a republic have seldom been blessed with so admirable a perceptor as this true blue republican. If the reader does not exactly understand what we mean, he is referred to Cicero's oration, in defence Caelius.
It would have been well for society, if the riot, the blackguardism, and madness, of the Jefferson festival could have terminated with a run-away from the Recorder's office, with breaking windows, and with being obliged to pay for them; but it seems that it was necessary that the recent, like some ancient republican solemnities, should be sealed with blood . It is remarkable enough, that most of the riotous pupils of George Hay, were either practitioners or students of the law. They were all of that inestimable description of mankind, who assume and disgrace the epithet of republicans. You know that the first of republican principles, is, to beat down every thing that stands in your way, such, for example, as the light-house. Having escaped with so much impunity from that squabble, the boys, or banditti, forgot themselves. They forgot, that though a light-house never carries pistols, and cannot, of itself, fire them, yet, that a federal pistol has sometimes proved both a mischievous and a formidable weapon. In the depth of their forgetfulness, they determined to persecute Mr. Terrel, a young gentleman, who has come to Richmond to study law, but certainly, not to study under such a professor as George Hay. We are not fully acquainted with the details of intolence and brutality that provoked this mild young man to write one of them a challenge. We have only been told, that they had blocked up the key-hole of the room in which he had gone to sleep. That one of them, with a loaded
pistol in his hand, was planted at the out-side of the door, with orders to shoot him when he came out. That, through the key-hole, a pipe was conveyed, containing the smoke of Cayenne pepper. It is said, that, in the progress of this joke, Mr. Terrel was almost suffocated. By what means he escaped death, has not yet reached our notice. Neither do we precisely vouch for the correctness of these particulars. But so it was, that Mr. Terrel received the utmost degree of exasperation. The dignity of the historian of this narrative has not paused to inquire whether the vanguard of attack was conducted by Baker the cripple; by Harvey the hump-back; or by Peyton Randolph, who with so much adroitness, commanded the rear-guard in the attack of the Recorder's office.
The miserable result was this, Mr. Terrel as we have been assured, was in the act of writing a challenge to Peyton Randolph, when he himself received a challenge from Mr. Wyndham Grymes. Mr. Grymes was a young gentleman of the most inoffensive manners. If there ever was an assemblage of human features that peculiarly constituted a declaration of innocence, it was, perhaps, in this young man. He had not been present as we inadvertently said at the pretended attack upon the office of the Recorder. He was incited to send a challenge to Mr. Terrel. They met. Mr. Grymes was mortally wounded. On Friday, the 15th, at one o'clock, Mr. Wyndham Grymes died, in agonies of the most inexpressible pain. We have been assured, that he had repeatedly expressed his utmost forgiveness for Mr. Terrel. He declared, that he felt the most entire forgiveness for this young gentleman who had given him his death's wound. We have only to add, that this may be considered as one of the first fruits of the arrival in Richmond of the celebrated King of Clubs.
The preceding remarks were considered as necessary, for the sake of introducing this momentous question, whether at this moment there exists such a thing as civilized legislation in the state of Virginia? An impartial by-stander would be disposed to give this question a decided contradiction.
Here follows a memorial that was presented in the month of Dec. last to the General Assembly. To the speaker of the House of Delegates it was delivered, under a sealed cover by Dr. Adams. He received an assurance, that no person, excepting the editors of the Recorder, were acquainted with any part of its contents. The hon. Edward Harrison broke up the cover. He said, that it was some of Calender's nonsense . That the world may be fairly acquainted wherein that nonsense consists, here follows a copy of the memorial.
To the Honorable the assembly of Virginia, the Memorial of James Thomson Callender, residing in Richmond, and Citizen of the United States,
Respectfully represents,
That the memorialist feels himself impelled by a sense of his duty, as a member of society, to lay before the honorable assembly, the particulars of an enormous crime, which has hitherto escaped their notice; which has been passed over with the most unaccountable negligence by those persons whose business, as public officers, it was, to have dragged the offender to condign punishment; and which, if suffered to escape without proper examination, must, in the eyes of the rest of mankind, reflect unspeakable and everlasting reproach upon the police, and even upon the national character, of the commonwealth of Virginia.
The crime, to which the writer of this memorial refers, has been fully specified in the following proclamation, which was issued upon the day of April, 1801, by Pleasant Younghusband, esq. coroner, of the county of Henrico.
Henrico County, to wit: To all Head Boroughs, Magistrates, Sheriffs, and Constables of Virginia:
WHEREAS by an inquisition, indented, and taken, at a point of land near the Bloody Run Spring, on the morning of the 10th inst. before me, Pleasant Younghusband, Coroner for said county, on the view of the body of GILL ARMSTRONG Selden, then and there lying dead: It was found that one Skelton Jones, lately of the City of Richmond, by discharging from a pistol a leaden ball in and upon the body of the said Gill A. Selden, which said ball did strike and enter near the right breast, and came out just under the left arm, thereby giving to the said Gill A. Selden, a mortal wound, of which he instantly died: And that thereby he the said Skelton Jones did then, and there voluntarily, feloniously, and of his malice aforethought, kill and murder the said Gill A. Selden, against the peace and dignity of the commonwealth of Virginia: and that Wiltshire Lewis, and Charles Barret, were present at the time of the felony and murder aforesaid;—And whereas a warrant issued on the 17th inst. directed to the sheriff of Henrico, to apprehend the said Skelton Jones, Wiltshire Lewis, and Charles Barret, which said warrant being now returned, by Benjamin Snappard, deputy sheriff for said county, executed as to the said Charles Barret, and not found as to the said Skelton Jones and Wiltshire Lewis: These are therefore in the name of the commonwealth of Virginia, to charge and require you, and every of you, within your several precincts, to have diligent search for the said Skelton Jones, and
Wiltshire Lewis, whom, if found, or either of them you cause to be taken and carried before some justice of the peace for the county or corporation, where apprehended, to be examined and dealt with, touching the premises, as the law directs. Given under my hand and seal this day of April 1801.
PLEASANT YOUNGHUSBAND. (Seal.)
That, by the laws of Virginia, as well as those of all other civilized nations, duelling is, of itself, considered as a crime of great magnitude, as such severely punishable; that, inasmuch as this crime has admitted of immunities; that it has often happened that it has been avenged, has been, in a great measure, sanctioned, as, in a recent and melancholy instance, the state of North Carolina; and, in various other instances, the sender of the challenge has received such excessive provocation, as tended very much to lessen the culpability of his conduct.
But the memorialist begs leave to represent to the honorable assembly, that, in this case, there is not a single solitary circumstance which goes to lessen the enormity of malicious and deliberate murder. The parties were intimate friends. They went together to a house of bad fame. In that house, they quarrelled about a negro girl. Next day, or a very short time after, there was a meeting of the parties, in presence of Meriwether Jones, in order to make up the quarrel. They could not agree. They went to the field. Mr. Selden, in that place, offered to make concessions. This is proved by the evidence of Meriwether Jones. In a letter to the printer of the Virginia Gazette, concerning the murder, he employs this expression:—That the only charge against Skelton Jones was that he "wished to exact acknowledgments from Mr. Selden, which, as a man of courage, he could not make." Upon this, Skelton Jones took a deliberate aim with a horse pistol, and shot Mr. Selden through the heart. Thus, the origin of the quarrel was as disgraceful, as its termination was tragical. There is not a single ray of manly provocation, or even of manly courage, to illuminate the gloom of diabolical atrocity, that shrouds the behaviour of Skelton Jones. He quarrelled in a house of bad fame. He quarrelled for a prostitute. He quarrelled with his bosom friend; with a man, whom, above almost all others, he had affected to love. He had leisure to deliberate upon the business. No tender recollection of former intimacy could pierce the frost of his heart. He was in the habit of firing at a mark. He challenged a young man who was not accustomed to firearms. Of this man he refused the concessions, and shot him dead. What concessions the CAUSE of such a quarrel could be worth, what degree of reasonable provocation could be excited in the contest for a prostitute, the honorable assembly can judge?
To be continued.
The following is the first part of a letter addressed to one of the editors. It will repay a perusal. A continuation shall appear in our next.
Newbern, (N. Carolina,)
1st Jan. 1803.
IN the course of your reading and philosophical speculations on governments, the striking resemblance, which may be perceived by any philosopher, between Moses, Lycurgus, Mahomet, and Manco Capac, cannot have escaped your attention; a resemblance no less astonishing and worthy the regard of a philosopher, will be found on examination, between the queries which you have urged upon the Calcutta poleman, and those addressed, by a foreigner of distinction, to the author of the Notes on Virginia.
The points of similitude appear in the following circumstances; that you lack but half a query of just half the number, submitted by the foreigner of distinction; and surely that half may be made up, by taking any one of the short interrogations which you continue to press upon the poleman, after you drop the form of query; and if we may be permitted to add, the interrogations to the number of queries, and I see nothing in the philosophy of resemblances to forbid it, the similitude will be strong and close. The foreigner of distinction puts precisely twenty-three queries to the author of the Notes. You administer eleven queries according to form, and continue a series of ten interrogations, and one detached from the rest, (as to the kind of pole, whether mahogany or not) which, in the aggregate, make just twenty-two queries within one of the number to which they are compared. Here the resemblance appears to be sufficiently intimate to satisfy any candid philosopher of the similitude in the number of queries. Besides, we are not told that the foreigner of distinc-
tion put all his, at the same time; and your promise to continue yours. If the general object and importance of the several queries be considered, in relation to their different subjects, the similitude becomes more lively and surprizing. The twenty-three queries have for their subject the philosophical and moral history of a great state: the subject of the twenty-two queries is, the physical and moral history of a great personage, one of the organs of the public will, &c. &c.
Having traced and established the resemblance, between the queries put by you to the Calcutta poleman, and those addressed to the author of the Notes by a distinguished foreigner: it would be highly unbecoming the dignity and character of philosophy, to pass over in silence a phenomenon, in its air and impression so striking and singular, without an attempt even to explore the operating cause which has produced it.
In accounting for the resemblance discovered between the institutions of the four preceding illustrious law givers various philosophers of equal celebrity, have deduced it from different causes.
Some philosophers have begun by proving an affinity between the various races of men in their original state. This position being established, it follows, that when they were separated, no matter when or in what way, each party or tribe carried with it, the tradition of their common, though small flock of social institutions, just as our ancestors brought with them the common law from the mother country, as it is universally called, by some stiff-necked aristocrats; and, as in the original state, all the regulations which they had, were formed upon the sentiments and ideas that arose in their minds, from their wants, their conveniences, or their safety; so, in their new condition, in proportion as they advanced in improvements or provisions for either. The traditional notions of the regulations, which had held them together in the state, from which they had been disunited, would fashion the principles, and model the forms of all future institutions. And thus they account for the strong marks of family likeness, which you have observed between the social institutions of the four famous law-givers. But this exposition of the cause will afford me no assistance in the solution of the problem, which, from the high and imperious claims of philosophy, I have felt myself called upon to resolve, since the arguments which sustain the position of original affinity in the foregoing explication, are drawn from the resemblance that is observable between the manners, forms, ceremonies, customs, habits, usages and propensities, arising out of these particulars, in the several tribes and nations of men, situated on different quarters of the globe, after they have arrived to a refined and polished state of society. And when we are told that the foreigner of distinction was a Frenchman, and you a Scotchman, all prospect of drawing any arguments in support of an original affinity between you, from any resemblance between your manners, habits and propensities in your polished state, is at an end. For if we consult the reports which the ancients have made of the manners and characters of your two nations, at the most remote periods of antiquity from which we have any accounts by tradition or otherwise, we find they all agreed to consider you as distinct races of men; and in tracing the alterations and changes which the manners, characters, tempers and dispositions of your nations, have severally undergone since, it would appear, as if the marks of difference and distinction had received a deeper impression, at every stage of the passage from that period to this. Then let us try how far the reasoning of another army of philosophers will go, to help our philosophy out of the dilemma, into which the position of affinity between you and the foreigner of distinction has thrown it; may account for the resemblance between the institutions of the great law givers upon a different position.
Man, in his passage from a state of nature to a civilized state, (say they) undergoes a remarkable change, by

having justice established in his conduct instead of instinct, upon which a sentiment of duty succeeds physical impulse, and justice succeeds affectio...
If the above mode of reasoning accounts for the resemblance between the institutions, it sinks my philosophy still deeper into the gravel.
PARTIES.
WHEN Henry the IVth of France was struggling for his crown and the contention of conflicting parties, he pursued a conduct, and was actuated by motives evincive of real greatness.
up offices to the highest bidder at the auction of elections. The same spirit that opened the purse of a penurious expectant, to reward a miscreant for the most atrocious calumnies...
THE recent advocates of French principles in England, are ashamed and tired of their late doctrines, and have again got into conceit with their own old country and its constitution.
NEXT to the oration of Pierpont Edwards, esq. the work of most celebrity is that promised by Mr. Guerlain, who, judging by his style, appears to be a cousin to Mr. Galatin.
THE NEW EDITION OF THE REVISED CODE OF THE LAWS OF VIRGINIA
SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JON. and HENRY PAGE, Richmond, Virginia, Is now ready for Sale, at this Office. THAT the public may be so far enabled to determine upon the merit of the work, it is thought most advisable to publish the PREFACE.
BY an act of the General Assembly of Virginia, dated December 28th, 1792, it was ordained, that a collection should be made of all such acts of the Assembly, of a public and permanent nature, as were then in force.
course of a man's life, these publications would have swelled into a library; and, what was extremely inconvenient, by far the greater part of them were laws of a local and private nature.
This Revised Code, with all its augmenting imperfections, had become extremely scarce. The original price was eight dollars. But it was almost impossible to obtain the book at any price whatever.
Exclusive of the index, the title page and preface, the present volume contains four hundred and fifty-four pages. Of these, the additional laws fill an hundred and twenty-four pages, which is not much less than a third part of the whole text.
The former edition laboured under more than one material defect. It was often impossible to tell at what time a statute had originally passed. Put the case, that a deed was to be contested, which bore date in 1760.
The bottom notes of the new edition give notice, that various parts of it were in force before, although the whole had been covered by the subsequent statute of 1792. The same notes give intimation, that this law has been amended by another, of 1801.
however, a gentleman whose name has long been familiar to every lawyer in Virginia. He has long filled more than one interesting department in the system, and the science of jurisprudence.
All the gentlemen of the law, with one voice, complained of the imperfection of the former index. A new one has been entirely wrote over again, and at a very considerable expense for the present edition.
This volume, the index excepted, was completely printed off several months ago. But it was impossible to deliver the book until this time, because the bad state of Mr. Rind's health did not permit him to furnish the index sooner.
It would be the height of frivolity to expatiate upon the importance of a work like this; because it is plain, that every family in the commonwealth, should, if possible, possess a copy of it.
THE MANCHESTER MILLS.
ARE now offered on LEASE, for 3, 5, or 7 years. The superior advantages which they possess over any other mills in the neighbourhood of Richmond are too evident to require comment.
JOHN MAYO.
Richmond, April 19, 1803.
6s. '1.
SAMUEL JOHNSON & Co.
INFORM their friends and the public in general, that they have commenced the business of BOOT and SHOE making, on the Main-Street, a few doors below the market, and have on hand an assortment of the best materials from Philadelphia and New York, and Journeymen, who warrant their work.
Richmond, April 13th, 1803. N.B. Wanted two or three apprentices to the above business, who can come well recommended.
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD.
DUNAWAY from the subscriber, on Sunday the 17th inst. two apprentice boys, shoe-makers by trade, the one named Timoty McMora, about eighteen years old, dark short hair, fair complexion, about five feet five inches high; had on when he went off, a long brown coat, white waistcoat, brown pantaloon and half boots.
The name of the other is William Jordan, about eighteen years old, dark hair, dark complexion, and about five feet seven inches high; had on when he went off a grey round jacket, white waistcoat, dark striped pantaloon and half boots.
DAVID LOGAN, Shoe-Maker Richmond, 18th April, 1803.
N.B. All masters of vessels and other persons are forewarned from harboring them, at their peril.
3s. '1.
STEPHEN BROWN, GUN SMITH, FROM LONDON.
GRATEFUL for the patronage he has received from his friends and the public, begs leave to return his acknowledgements, and assures them, that nothing shall be wanting, on his part, to secure to himself a continuation of their favors.
Richmond, April 19, 1803.
N.B. One or two apprentices wanted to the above business.
S. Brown, has on hand, for sale, a variety of guns and pistols.

LIBEL AGAINST BONAPARTE.
This morning, at nine o'clock, came on before Lord Ellenborough and a special jury, the trial of — Peltier, editor of a recent publication, called " L'Amphigourie, ou Amusantes et atroces Variétés ," for a libel inserted in the same, and purporting to be a defamation of the general Bonaparte, first consul of the French republic.
Mr. Abbot, the junior barrister in support of the prosecution, stated the pleadings in full length, and
The attorney general, in a speech of considerable point, and replete with constitutional spirit and energy, detailed the reasons for instituting the proceedings against the defendant, and the motives that actuated him, as the first law officer of the crown in criminal process, to undertake it. He called the attention of the jury to the libel, as read to them by the learned gentleman who opened the pleadings; he observed to them, that they were in possession of that libel; they had heard it distinctly stated as it was published, and the simple, and no very difficult question to decide upon in the first instance would be, whether the person accused as the author thereof, was or was not rightly cognizable by English law, and rightly brought before them, for their ultimate decision on his case. Noticing the vast crowds of persons in court, their appearance, and their rank in life, he was naturally led to suppose (and it was impossible for him not to perceive it) that curiosity must have been the ruling principle that collected persons of such respected and respectable consideration together: he should consequently be very sorry that such curiosity, if there belonged to it aught that attached to himself, should be disappointed; for nothing that could render it worthy their time, and still less worthy their attention, would in the present case fall from him; and they would therefore be mistaken. His duty and inclination, both combined, restrained him to the dry and dull legal investigation of this libel, the intention of it, and of its author, and in the sequel, whether the law will reach it; or if in the defence it may be deemed innocent, or indifferent; for as to the nature of its application, and the personage to whom it applies, both are so notorious, and the publication so recent, that neither the one nor the other can be mistaken; and he was firmly persuaded, however superior and ingenious were the talents of the learned gentleman who had the care of the defendant's case deposited in his hands, there was no jury, no Englishman could say otherwise than that the publication in question was a libel; neither can all that falls from him (if he confines himself to the charge) in any other respect excite curiosity, or compensate for loss of time and attention; for if the defendant be proved the author of that libel, he would not certainly, from the candor and prudence of that learned gentleman, anticipate that the defence, meant to be set up, was to be nothing more than a fresh medium for republishing that libel, which he never could suppose him capable of, or of going over the same points drawn forth therein, for then certainly there would be an extensive field for the display of ingenuity and the exercise of his faculties, and curiosity might then be stimulated: but as he did not anticipate such demerit, he could answer, for if there would be little to excite curiosity on either side, each strictly confining themselves to the matter of fact, and the law on the case. To the subject immediately for the attention of the jury, and which called the defendant before them, it was next his duty to invite that attention. He was brought hither to prosecute this publication as a libel; because it had a tendency to disturb the peace and tranquility of this country. If in that position he was right, and the jury found a verdict of guilty, whenever the time shall come, when the defendant
is brought into that court to receive such sentence as it may be deemed necessary to pass on him, then it will be seen whether the trial of this day is made a medium of republishing the same libel; and if the affirmative appears, in that case, he shall most unequivocally think it his duty, and act upon it accordingly, and not think he had done his duty unless he had so acted, of praying that court, that, by their judgment such a sentence should be passed, and such a punishment be inflicted upon the delinquent, as would show to all Europe, as well as to France, that an English court of justice, will not, with impunity permit public slanderers to make it the medium of their discordant sedition and venom. Thus we would have it understood, in speaking of himself, and the learned friends who aided him in the prosecution, nay, he would introduce the gentlemen in the compact, who were engaged in the defence; as to themselves they did not come there to satisfy curiosity, but to satisfy justice; and with that view he would proceed to state what this prosecution is, and what it is not. It is not a prosecution to bring before the world and this tribunal the defendant, as author or detailer of an essay on historical events, or to relate these events, or to punish the author of historical facts, or the editor of those facts as published by another; nor is this prosecution carried on to investigate a light flippancy, published to amuse even ill nature or spleen, but it is a prosecution conducted by him, as the public prosecutor in this great community, with the avowed purpose of bringing before a tribunal of this country, the defendant, as the author of a libel, the first object whereof was, first to defame and degrade the first magistrate of France; and for its further object, to excite the subjects of that country to rebel against him who was their chief magistrate de facto ; and beyond all this, which to him appeared the ultimate end in view, to stimulate that people to his assassination. [Here the learned gentleman read several extracts from the publication, wherein it appeared that the whole contents thereof were directly levelled at Napoleon Bonaparte, the first consul.] This he contended, was a gross libel, infamous in its origin and horrible in its tendency. The more horrible from the purpose it excited and the more abominable infamous, and gross, being, as we are now at peace with France and with her first magistrate. And this he contended, also went to disturb that peace and tranquility which now so happily prevails between the two countries. These being the general facts and outlines of the case, he would next proceed to that which he considered the law thereon. Upon that he did not think the court or the jury were called upon, no more than himself, to say to what extent matters of this kind and description may lawfully become subjects of animadversion. But, undoubtedly, there was a broad distinction between a direct libel, that could not be misunderstood, and that which, by loose inuendo could be applied; how that would bear, the jury would shortly have a full opportunity of considering and deciding upon. He always took that to be a libel against another government which would be considered a libel on it; and therefore that which in the one case is subject to law in another country, is equally the subject of law here. Not that however, which must be deemed subject of fair discussion, historical facts correctly given and events impartially stated: these, as they cannot be supposed to convey intentional slander, so they cannot be supposed to be made fit subjects of legal prosecution; but if the distinction of this libel shews its sole object to be, that it has the necessary and direct tendency, as well as effect of alienating that country from our own, it is not likely that any will hesitate to say, much less the jury whom he addressed, but that this libel is a direct excitement to the people of France to take up arms against their first magistrate, and then to take his life, and he emphatically called upon the jury to say, whether this was not a most dangerous
and diabolical libel, destructive of the peace of nations, which all good men must abhor, and all reflecting men detest and deprecate. Precedents of prosecutions for publications of this description were not wanting, when subjects of this country became amenable to, and were punished by its laws, for wantonly insulting the feelings of the princes of other countries. When the last ill-fated and hardly-used queen of France was traduced by a libel here, its author, G. Gordon, was accused of the crime, prosecuted by the government of this country, by an English jury condemned, and, by British laws punished for his offence.
Again, when on another occasion the late emperor of Russia was libelled by a subject here, John Vint, that person was called to account for his crime, and in like manner convicted for it; and the tendency of each libel, like the present, was to hold respective personages he had mentioned in contempt by their subjects, for the purpose of exciting those subjects into rebellion against them. Here the learned gentleman read the libel published by Mr. Vint, against the emperor of Russia, and, after expiating upon it at some considerable length, he appealed to the jury, calling upon them to say, from the similarity between the two, both pointing to the same ends, the degradation and assassination of the several personages aimed at, whether this was or was not a subject and a question cognizable by the law of England, directed against the subject of its own or any other country, dwelling in it, who could so outrage shame and humanity, as to be the avowed author of it? The learned gentleman then proceeded to call the attention of the jury more immediately to the libel in question. Two of the charges in the information are to be found in the first number of this publication; the frontispiece whereof presents to view a picture hieroglyphically portrayed in a great variety of magical Egyptian figures, representing the first consul as the Sphinx, and displaying him in the most odious light; and lest it might escape the dullest comprehension who it was that was meant by this picture, the prospectus of the publication did not fail to acquaint its readers who was the individual meant, (Mr. attorney general then presented the frontispiece and read the extracts from the Prospectus, both faithfully expressive of his descriptions of each,) concerning which he had but one sentiment to utter, that the personage so traduced, so vilified and so slandered, with a view of rendering him odious in the eyes of Frenchmen and of Europe, was general Bonaparte. Two numbers therefore of this publication having that tendency, were the subject of this prosecution, viz. the first and the third. He would direct the attention of the jury to the third number at the present period of the prosecution: and that was "the harangue" as it was called, and professed to be a parody of that delivered by Lepidus to the people of Rome against the usurpation and consequent abuse of power of Scylla, which history describes that dictator to be guilty of; and here the learned gentleman, in a very correct delineation, compared all the passages of the original with the parody; and inferred the parody itself, as contained in the publication, to direct all its vengeance against the first consul; it went to invoke the people of France against Bonaparte, as Lepidus did those of Rome against Scylla: it demonstrated him "the tiger, who would dare to call himself the founder or regenerator of France;" and again, "who without trial sent into perpetual banishment some of its best citizens." It went on further to state, that "his wickedness encreases every day," &c. then also, "you (meaning the people of France) must act, must march, must oppose this tyrant, if you with that he should not seize all," &c. The learned attorney-general here emphatically appealed to the court and the jury: he asked, could there be a doubt that this, that every word of it, fostered, nourished, nay provoked rebellion against the first
consul? and he also gravely signified to the jury, that this was a crime greatly enhanced when they reflected that the personage thus attacked, was acknowledged de facto the first magistrate of France, and, at the time of publication at profound peace with this country. Having made these remarks, he proceeded to another part of this parody, where the first consul is described as "surrounded every where he goes by his band of Mamelukes, composed of Maltese, Copts and Egyptians, who, not speaking French, are fitly calculated to become his mutis , his satellites , and bravos ," &c. and it concluded with an invocation to Frenchmen, if they wished to be valued by posterity, to shew posterity that they would assert and recover their liberty, "by preferring the storms of liberty to deadly tranquility, and follow the fame of Camille Jourdon." The character, therefore, which the attorney general ascribed to this part of the libel charged in the information, was that of fomenting rebellion in France, and of exciting its people against the authority they themselves imposed and conferred upon their first magistrate; and that which he ascribed to the other part contained in the first number, was nothing less than an excitement to assassinate that personage. This was contained in an ode, wherein all nature was described in a state of confusion. (Here he then read extracts from it.) It then went on, signifying that Heaven as it were, aroused from its apathy had determined to avenge the cause of France; but again the poem, said the learned gentleman, seems, like its author, sunk as it were in despair, complains, "how Heaven spares the tyrant, and depicts Bonaparte as the rebel African vessel, braving omnipotence and outriding the storms;" it proceeded thence to draw an analogy, and suggest a comparison between Cæsar and Bonaparte, between Rome and France, tracing out the fortunes of the former through all his vicissitudes, till the dagger was plunged in his breast; and how Rome, from that period, was free till the fatal battle of Pharsalia, and comparing them throughout with those of Bonaparte, and continuing the figure still, concludes with describing, what is termed in this part of the libel, "the wish of the good patriot," viz. by resuming his object, and tracing this distinguished personage from victory to victory, from peril to peril, at last placing him as in possession of a sovereign sway. Grasping at a sceptre, and aiming at a throne, signifies, that let him go on; "Romulus suggests that his apotheosis will be sanctioned to-morrow by God," &c. This, the attorney general contended, was no less a libel on the first consul, than it was a libel on the English press, making it the vehicle, through the medium of its unvalued liberty, of mischievous slander and cowardly assassination; a compound offence, which no English jury could pass over, and no English court of law could listen to with impunity, when the guilty author should be convicted, and that was the province of the jury to decide. If by any possible impulse his learned friend should endeavor to describe this as nothing but history loosely connected and delineated with a tincture of modern times, he himself would, while, however, he denied that reply, that history loosely delineated, or given as such, would be made by him in no respect the subject of a public prosecution; but neither would he have it understood, that while he had either office or authority, it should ever be said that the British press was so degraded as to become the sanctifying medium of base and murderous assassination. The revellancy of the libel had that obvious and unequivocal tendency; and he put it, whether while we are at peace with France, the exhortation to commit assassination is not unworthy a British breast? Nay, even were it a time of war, whether there is not something so base, so unworthy the character and nature of Englishmen, and so barbarous and abandoned in itself, that individually and collectively, they would shudder at every thought?
(To be continued.)