Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1806-11-21 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[XIVth YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1314.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum—paid in Advance.]
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1806.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
FROM THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
Advantages of union, with an inquiry into the compatibility of republican government with an extensive territory.
(CONTINUED.)
The best step towards averting foreign warfare is, perhaps, a cordial internal union and harmony. Few wars would have existed but for the sources of domestic discord existing among nations. We shall then by having dried up these sources of discord have taken a decisive step towards our protection against foreign aggression. It is acknowledged that from this source we have every thing to apprehend which the folly and depravity of tyrants can enlist against us. Our cause is that of truth and justice, of equal rights, and general welfare. Its principles, and still more its effects, displayed before an astonished world, will be more contagious, than the maniac spirit of war between unoffending nations raised by the drum or trumpet of tyrants. Let us not deceive ourselves. Kings have a common cause as well as republics. They know that the moment the principles of the latter extensively prevail, they must abandon the helm. They will fight, therefore, as well as we, pro aris et focis. The more extensive therefore our resources, the greater our numbers, the wider our territory, the more capable we shall be to oppose force to force. An invading army may congregate a town, or ravage a state, but before it can subdue such an extensive country as the United States, or mould it to its will, it must march above a thousand miles, move an equal distance in many a parallel or diverging line, pass a hundred bold rivers, traverse mountains almost inaccessible and totally unproductive of means for their subsistence; and all this before an enemy, who, either conscious of his strength, will victoriously repulse the rash valor of its legions, or prudently retire on their approach, and let them waste themselves. In the meantime, be the invading force ever so large, the numbers of our countrymen will increase much faster than the loss sustained by the conflict, be it ever so sanguinary.
It will not be denied that this power is perfectly compatible with the most extensive territory. The more extensive the territory the farther removed from the interior, will be the frontiers, ordinarily the seats of war, and the smaller the proportion which these seats bear to the whole territory. In the same ratio the necessity for a standing force will be diminished. The weak points will be fewer. This is one of the principal causes of the weakness of a small state. It is all frontier. All its citizens are obliged to fly to arms, and to neglect their occupations, on every attack that is made or menaced. It follows that it is kept in a perpetual state of alarm; its resources are constantly exhausted by war or the apprehension of war, and they are impaired by frequent interruptions, until it is deemed a lesser evil to submit to the sword of a military chief or become the fief of a powerful empire. Such was the fate of the Greek republics. This necessity can never be imposed on the U. S. States, so long as they maintain their union.
The general government possesses the exclusive power of collecting an impost. It is not necessary to go into any argument to demonstrate that this power is properly lodged in that government, as it is universally allowed that the regulation of trade properly belongs to it, and as the power to levy imposts is a necessary incident of it. The utility, however, and efficacy of this power, will increase exactly in proportion to the extent of our territory. For the more extensive our territory, the less subject shall we be to the rivalry and collisions of neighboring states, and the more inconceivable will their effects be on our prosperity. In the vicinity of an overshadowing nation, more fertile in resource and more enterprising than ourselves, we might seriously apprehend a frustration of our measures for the collection of revenue from imported articles. Raising the same articles in greater abundance, and consequently accumulating a greater capital, they would have advantages over us even in a fair trade, and much greater arising from their possessing a power to injure us superior to our power to injure them. Put the case of a future liberation of South America, and the development of the vast resources of that fertile and extensive territory. How important is it for our permanent interests to possess, when this great event takes place, an extent of territory that will enable us to keep the field of competition with so powerful a rival, and by the ascendancy of our power to repress any disposition, which might otherwise exist, hostile to us. It is not easy to see that in future times the European governments will make use of their colonies adjacent to us as so many levers to subvert our institution, provided our imbecility hold forth the prospect of success.
The general government is invested with the power of quelling insurrections. Most insurrections will be limited to the state in which they take their rise. The ability of the general government to put them down will be in exact proportion to the extent of its resources, which will be in the ratio of its numbers and territory. The more extensive these are, the smaller will be the relative force of the faction that aims at affecting an unlawful end by violence, the more irresistible the energy with which it is subdued, the more certain the conviction of punishment. A small lake is agitated by the wind, when the wide expanse of the ocean is but ruffled.
Our dependence on the foreign world will diminish in proportion to the extent of our territory; while their dependence on us will increase with it. Already we have within our limits a climate that supplies us with every important article that can minister to comfort or luxury, excepting, perhaps the coffee plant; and the acquisition of Florida will give us this. Our interest will soon lead us to raise every thing we consume, possessing, as we do, more natural and acquired facilities to internal commerce than any people on the face of the globe. Nature has given us the boldest streams, approximated to each other, art will unite and improve them, and the federal government secures the free and unrestricted interchange of all our productions. This will be the bounty to our deriving, as far as we can, a supply of our wants from each other, which neither the capital, the cupidity, or the violence of Europe can counteract. This is a species of trade, which will require no navies to protect, no commercial treaties to regulate, no sacrifices to pursue. It is likewise a trade which will every day be increased by the development of our resources, while our demand for foreign products will be diminished. It has been the destiny of other great nations as they rose to consequence to abandon the agricultural for the commercial state; but it will be the rare felicity of this, in our unrivalled progress to grandeur, to become, after we have reached a certain point, every day less a commercial and more an agricultural and manufacturing people. Under these auspices, and the other peculiar attributes of our character, is it Utopian to indulge the hope that we may even for centuries continue to be exempt from those desolating wars which have been so fatal to Europe.
The more extensive the territory of the United States the lower will be the tax paid by each member of the community. In 12 years the national debt will be paid off, and we shall have attained a population exceeding 8 millions. The revenue at present devoted to the debt is more than two-thirds of the whole revenue of the United States. It is only the balance which goes to the support of the army, the navy, to the civil list, to pay the expenses of foreign intercourse and the whole list of contingencies. The statement made by the Secretary of the Treasury during the last session of Congress on this point, is too interesting and illustrative of the object of these remarks, to be here omitted.
"In order to give a more general and concise view of the receipts and expenditures of the United States during the 4 years commencing on the 1st day of April, 1801, and ending on the 31st day of March, 1805, than can be derived from the annual printed accounts, a statement marked (H) and several explanatory statements marked (H. 1. to H. 8.) have been added to those which usually accompany this report."
"From those it appears that a sum of 50,667,467 dollars and 4 cents has been paid into the Treasury during that period, viz."
"From duties on tonnage and on the importation of foreign merchandise, 43,174,837 22
"From all other sources (including 1,596,171 dollars and 43 cents, arising from the sales of bank shares and of public vessels, 5,492,629 82
"And that the expenditures, during the same period, have amounted to 49,665,527 dollars and 56 cents, which have been disbursed for the following purposes."
1. Less than one third of the whole has been sufficient to defray all the current expenses of the U. S. viz.
For the civil, and all domestic expenses of a civil nature, 3,786,114 79
For the military establishment & Indian department, 4,405,192 26
For the naval establishment, 4,842,635 15
For the expenses attending the intercourse with foreign nations, 1,071,437 84
Amounting altogether to 14,105,380 04
2. Near one third was necessary to pay the interest on the public debt, viz. 16,278,700 95
"On which subject it may not be improper to observe, that a part of that sum, amounting to 3,160,000 dollars, was paid on account of the interest on the deferred stock, a charge which commenced only in the year 1801, and was therefore in addition to the annual sum wanted before that year for the payment of interest on the public debt."
3. More than one-third, and which may be considered as the surplus revenue of the U. S. during that period, has been applied towards the reimbursement and extinguishment of the debt, viz.
On account of the principal of the public debt proper, 16,317,663 02
In payment of debts contracted before the 1st day of April 1801, & arising under the British treaty and under the French convention of
September 30, 1800, 2,963,782 65 19,281,446 57 49,665,527 56
From this statement it follows, that the whole annual expenditure for the four preceding years, excepting those temporarily incurred for the discharge of the debt, are only three millions and a half of dollars. This sum assessed upon a population of eight millions, will impose a tax on each individual of only 44 cents. But should we be so fortunate as to steer clear of foreign wars, & continue to pursue the sound policy of a Republic, even this tax, small as it is, will be in part unnecessary. Already has the sale of public lands produced in a single year above a million of dollars; and there cannot be a doubt that this sum will be more than double at the period we have mentioned, thus reducing the annual taxes more than one half.
It may however be said, that with the increase of our numbers, new expenses will arise. Admitting this to be so, the real increase will be so inconsiderable as scarcely to be sensibly felt. The chief indispensable augmentation will arise from the increased representation in Congress, the numerous branch of which cannot exceed two hundred members, and which cannot involve an increased expenditure of more than 70,000 dollars. All the other items of increased expenditure cannot for a considerable number of years rise beyond an equal sum. On the other hand, by recurring to the official statements of the Treasury Department, it will be seen that the government will be liberated from the annual expense, arising from the extinguishment of the debt, of
Invalid pensions 60,000 Expences incurred at the City of Washington 100,000 Miscellaneous objects, which will then cease to exist, at least 40,000 Making in the whole 260,000
And exceeding the increased expences 120,000 dollars.
Here then we have presented to us one of the greatest statements of union. The citizen who, for the protection of his person and property, and for the secure enjoyment of liberty, is not called upon by his government to pay more than 30 cents a year, a sum which he can earn in half a day, will be too enlightened hastily to embark in any scheme for its subversion. His predominant sentiment will be gratitude and veneration. He will look abroad, and contemplating no institution in the world comparable to those of his own country, he will cling to them as to the rock of his salvation. Faction will not be able to make him believe himself oppressed.
But the key stone of our union is the share which every citizen has in the government. In most of the states this share is equal, and there is in none of them any of those hateful aristocracies which, according to a distinguished apostle, form the Corinthian pillars of monarchies. The people of the U. S. know that they made their governments, and the constant exercise of their political rights convinces them that their existence depends altogether on their will. They created, and they can destroy them. They know that without their consent they would never have existed, and that without their approbation they cannot be destroyed. It is from these considerations that they have rallied round them; and it is these considerations which will induce them eternally to maintain them against any violence that may be offered. They may, and no doubt will change them, until they have improved them into more effectual instruments of national felicity and glory; but they will never suffer the tyrant or the demagogue by illegitimate means of fraud or violence to prostrate what they have raised with so much labor and assiduity.
Has not the mind of the reader already decided, that the union of these states is likely to endure for ages? As we have reviewed and contrasted the various causes of union and disunion, created by nature or art, has he not beheld, with exultation, every thing conspiring to make the Americans an united, a great, and a happy people. Without a single natural obstacle to an union under a federal head, has he not beheld a people speaking the same language, characterised by nearly the same manners, animated by the same sentiments and possessing on all important subjects the same opinions? Has he not beheld a country, universally salubrious, fertile in the production of every ingredient of human comfort and enjoyment, united by vast lakes and bold navigable streams, each section dependent on the rest for some important and indispensable article, and the whole only safe under the protection of a general head?
How far have the means of the existing administration tended to insure or endanger this union?
1. They have on all occasions manifested a confidence in the duration of the union, and declared its continuance the sheet anchor of national felicity and grandeur—thus by the respect which they expressed for it inspiring others with a similar sentiment.
2. They have acquired the entire right to the navigation of the Mississippi by peaceable means, by a fair bargain, and have likewise acquired the island of Orleans, and a vast territory as fertile as extensive, thus adding the most important
products to those previously raised within the United States. By this acquisition they have removed a source of rupture with one or more of the most formidable powers of the old world, which could scarcely have failed to produce a most expensive war, have checked the growth of our country, created the necessity for great and oppressive taxes, and exposed it, in its infancy, to a pernicious trial of its strength, injurious, if not fatal to the republican character of our political institutions, and productive of serious divisions among ourselves, which circumstances, so far from cementing a union, would have tended, in no inconsiderable degree, to a division of these states.
3. They have reduced the taxes which they found imposed on the people when they came into power, by entirely taking off those of the most odious character, thus recommending the government to the affection, and entitling it to the respect of a free and industrious people.
4. They have, in this and other ways, reduced the host of civil officers; thereby diminishing the public burthens, and the danger of an extended patronage, and increasing the number of productive laborers.
5. They have reduced the national debt in five years nearly twenty millions of dollars, thereby manifesting their sacred regard to plighted faith, although no friends to a funding system; and to this degree relieving the present and future generations from a burthen imposed by their predecessors, and, in this degree, diminishing the necessity for the imposition of taxes on the people.
6. They have reduced a corps of judges, whose uselessness has been evinced by experience, thus saving a considerable sum of money, diminishing executive patronage, and establishing the great principle that the duration of the office of a judge shall not continue independently of the will of the people.
7. They have observed an unsullied faith with the whole foreign world.
8. They have preserved amity with the aborigines of the country, and have by acts of kindness under the auspices of an enlightened policy ameliorated their condition, and increased their happiness, thus inspiring them with friendship for us.
9. They have in all their acts consulted the general interests of the whole community by pursuing measures conducive to the welfare of all, and by avoiding every measure of a local complexion or tendency.
10. For the sake of harmony they have, so far as related to the controverted points of protecting commerce by naval establishments and commercial treaties with foreign powers, taken an intermediate course between doing every thing and doing nothing, thus imitating the policy of the patriotic Washington.
11. Lastly, they have maintained peace, arduous as the task has been, with the nations of Europe, without sacrificing an essential interest, or tarnishing the purest honor.
Avoiding wider details, we shall make no further enumeration of measures, all of which have tended to strengthen and perpetuate the union.
These are the foundations on which the colossal popularity and glory of the present administration rest; they are also among the mighty, and we hope imperishable foundations on which the union of these states depends. Look at their effects. Throw your eyes over the face of the country, and behold a scene of the brightest and most unbroken prosperity that ever befell a nation. See liberty, in its best forms, the inmate of every heart; see industry united to virtue every where insuring happiness; see the earth teeming with production, commerce unfurling her sails in every sea, and manufactures extending in every town and village; and finally, behold the chief of the government again lifted to honor by 154 out of 168 electoral votes.
Mournful is the duty of contrasting the creed and conduct of the opponents of the administration, or at least that portion of them who inculcate the probability of an early dissolution of the union.
1. They manifest a uniform distrust of the duration of the union, and seem to rejoice in whatever menaces it, thus endeavoring, by the opinions they inculcate to excite a general disbelief of its continuance.
2. They treat the existence of a republican government for any considerable length of time as the idle vision of quixotic philosophy.
3. They profess to believe its existence altogether incompatible with a great extent of territory, and under this pretext they are the warm opponents of the purchase of Louisiana and Florida.
4. They opposed the reduction of taxes, and the taking off the excise and stamp duties.
5. They opposed the reduction of civil officers.
6. Some of them ridicule as foolish the reduction of the national debt, and all of them thwart the only effectual measures to extinguish it.
7. They opposed, vehemently opposed, the abolition of useless judicial offices.
8. They are the friends and advocates of local measures, and of one profession at the expense of others.
9. They are the advocates of an immense navy, and an efficient army, knowing how propitious these engines will be to their predominant desire to establish a government of a monarchic or aristocratic complexion—and lastly,
10. They are the constant advocates of war, the incessant revellers of peace; sensible, as it were, that war would tend more
powerfully than every thing else to tumble the fair fabric of republicanism into ruins, subvert the union, and establish a system framed on those principles which they wish to prevail. From the dominion of such men and such principles Good Lord deliver us!
A. HEWES & CO. Have for sale, at their store, opposite the Market,
Salt in sacks Jamaica and Antigua Rum New England Rum Port & Sherry Wine Old Cognac Brandy Loaf and Brown Sugar Molasses Coffee of superior quality Alexandria Crackers Rhode Island Cheese. A general assortment of GROCERY and STONE WARE, and Rhode Island LIME. Richmond, July 4th, 1806.
We have lately received,
FOR SALE, 12 hds. sugar 30 bbls. do. 3000 lbs green coffee 10 hds. Antigua rum 5 do Windward Island do. 14 hds. N. E. rum 14 bbls. do do 12 hds. molasses 8 casks Malaga wine 20 tiers & bds. whisky 4 pipes apple brandy 15 bbls do do 12 crates Liverpool ware assorted 10 do stone do
We have also on hand,
Iron German, Crawley and Blistered Steel Rice & ground ginger Pepper Alspice FF & F powder Shot, assorted sizes French brandy Rice Cheese Wrought and cut nails, assorted sizes Snuff Glass ware, viz. I-2 pt. tumblers and decanters, assorted sizes Hats We daily expect to receive, a quantity of Sherry Wine, Window Glass, Copers and Altars, all of which articles, we will sell at a small advance, for cash, approved paper or country produce.
Shapard & Lucke. Richmond, May 3, 1806.
At a Court held for Cumberland county, the 28th Oct. 1806.
Patsy Stone, administratrix of Anderson Stone, dec.
Against Theodrick Carter, late guardian of Anderson Stone, dec. and Miller Woodson, Defendants.
This day came the plaintiff by William Daniel, gent. her attorney, and the defendant Theodrick Carter, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state. On the motion of the said complainant by her counsel aforesaid, It is ordered , that the said defendant Theodrick Carter, do appear here on the first day of February term next of this court, and answer the complainant's bill; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the newspapers published in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county; and that the defendant Miller Woodson, do not pay away, secrete or otherwise dispose of any monies, goods, or effects which he may have in his hands belonging to the defendant Theodrick Carter, until the further order of this court.
(A Copy.) MILLER WOODSON, c. c. c.
THE subscriber practises the Law in the Court of Appeals—the Superior Courts of Chancery, and Common Law, for the Richmond District—and in the Federal Court. WM. W. HENING. Richmond, 1806. wlm
NOTICE.
THE purchasers of property, at the sales in Charlotte and Albemarle, conducted by Wilson Cary Nicholas, esq. are requested to take notice, that the bonds executed by them for the amount of their respective purchases, are now in my possession, by virtue of an assignment, from Mr. Nicholas. Punctual payment, at my office, on the day, on which the bonds become due, is expected. In every case of failure, a suit will certainly be brought, without delay. As some of these bonds will become due, between the 15th and 22d of December, when I shall be necessarily absent on public business in Norfolk, Major Scott, the Marshal of this district, will act for me, from the time of my departure until my return. GEO. HAY, Attorney of the U. S. for the Va. District. Richmond, Oct. 28, 1806. wat
Foulscap & Letter Paper For sale at this office.

From some late innovations which have been introduced into the mechanical and editorial departments of this paper, it may be expected to acquire some degree of additional interest to its readers.
New types have been procured, and a gentleman has been associated in the institution, whose attention will be solely confined to the editorial department.
The Argus will still continue to preserve that character of abstinence from rancorous personality and political animosity, which has hitherto maintained. Its republican character will be decisive, but not intemperate.
The editors will omit no exertion to render the paper a miscellaneous vehicle of literary as well as political information.
The latter will always have the preference as being most important in a country possessing a popular government. They at the same time feel a well founded conviction, that as no mind can be called wise or improved, which is only conversant in the irritating topics of political contest, so it is the duty of editors to soften as much as possible the rancour of party feeling, by the introduction of such subjects as are calculated to mend the heart, enliven the fancy and refine the understanding.
It is not easy to discover the object of the French government in convening the leaders of the Jewish nation. The questions proposed to the assembly, do not appear to be of sufficient dignity, to furnish any clue to an explanation of this measure.
It is not improbable, that this step, may be connected with the well known design of the Emperor of France to attempt the restoration of the commerce with India, to the ancient channel, by the Mediterranean and the Red Sea; from whence it has not been so much diverted by a discovery of the passage around the Cape of Good Hope, as by the barbarism introduced by the conquests of the Turks.
The restoration of a people, so commercial in their dispositions and habits as the Jews, to an undisturbed residence in Palestine, would materially contribute to the accomplishment of such a design.
ON COMMERCIAL RESTRICTION.
THE United States have two separate causes of complaint against Britain; the impressment of her seamen, and the acknowledged depredation of a particular branch of her commerce. As the impressment of our seamen, is a practice of which the injustice is too obvious to admit of dispute, we shall confine our observations to a consideration of that particular species of commerce, which it has been contended, is a proper subject of maritime capture.
If this commerce which is carried on between America and the West India islands, is not necessary to give vent to our productions, it is certainly, not incumbent on the American government or people, to make any sacrifices in its defence. But if it can be shown to be not only beneficial to the interests of the merchant, but justifiable and essential to our agricultural prosperity, it must then be considered as equally entitled to protection with any other branch of commerce.
The question in doubt, respects a commerce which is carried on in time of war, between this country and the colonies of belligerent nations. The mode of conducting it is, by importing the produce of those colonies, in the first instance, into American ports, and then exporting it to Europe.
The author of a pamphlet written in justification of the British doctrine, which subjects to capture, this species of indirect trade, founds his argument upon the positive statement of a fact, which will be found, not so extensively true, as he asserts it to be. He says, in an unqualified manner, that it constitutes a part of the commercial policy of all the nations of Europe, to confine their colonial trade, exclusively, to their own merchants and shipping.
It is unquestionably true that this practice is pursued to as great an extent as the welfare of the colonies will possibly admit of; but even in time of peace, the productions of the United States are so essential to those colonies, as to create a necessity for relaxing the rigor of their colonial restraints. It would certainly be the wish of the governments of Europe to employ their own ships in the transportation of such articles of American growth, as their colonies might stand in need of. But when the effect of British hostility, has destroyed that means of supply, no principle of justice can authorise her, in depriving a neutral country of a market for her productions.
The commerce of America with the West Indies, has no resemblance to what is termed the carrying trade, which consists merely, in the transportation by the people of one country, of the goods and property of another. If indeed a direct trade should take place between the colony and the mother country, and that trade should be carried on by neutral ships, some foundation would be afforded for the operation of the doubtful rule established by the English admiralty in 1756. But when the colonial produce is brought to this country in our own ships, paid for, in our own produce, and legally entered at an American custom house, it becomes at all intents and purposes American property, and in re-exporting it to any quarter of the globe, no prin-
ple of the law of nations is violated. It is obvious that the capture of such merchandise, would be more injurious to the neutral, than to the hostile nation: the first would lose the whole value of the cargo, and the latter only the benefit resulting from the sale of it in her ports.
It is impossible to know from former practice, what would have been by this time the policy of Europe, with regard to her West India colonies, in time of peace, unless the periods of peace had been of longer continuance. Since the United States have ceased to be themselves in a colonial state, the nations of Europe have witnessed but few intervals of peace; but it is not possible, that in the most favorable situation, in which those nations could be placed, their colonies could be adequately supplied with these essential articles of their consumption, provisions and lumber, except from the United States. Whether these articles should be carried, in American or other bottoms, America would be furnished with a market for her most important productions. And it is probable that the West Indies consuming our productions, to a greater amount than we should require of their tropical luxuries, the surplus would be paid for in specie.
But what would be the relative situation of America and those Islands, with regard to this important branch of our commerce, if after the marine of their parent countries has been annihilated by British warfare, the doctrine now in question should be established? All communication between the West Indies and Europe, as well the American continent being cut off, except by means of neutral bottoms, and it being admitted that neutrals have no right to make themselves the medium of direct intercourse between the colony and the parent country; it follows that with the diminution of their means of maritime transportation, the value of their products, will also diminish.
It follows from hence, that they would not possess the same resources as in time of peace, for purchasing the cumbrous and otherwise useless productions of our country. The American merchant would have no inducement to carry on this commerce to any extent, if restricted in his importations, to the indefinite amount of American consumption. He must be secure of the privilege, of re-exporting the surplus exceeding what his own market demands, or this commerce will languish under a restraint, which cannot fail to be fatal to all commercial enterprise. Altho' the simple act of re-exportation, is only profitable to the merchant, yet the right of so doing, is absolutely necessary to give vigor and activity, to the West India trade in general. It behoves the government of G. Britain, to recollect that we consume her manufactures, to a greater amount by several millions of dollars, than are paid for by our own productions. That in order to enable us to support this surplus consumption, some kind of commerce is necessary, which consists in something more than a mutual exchange of productions with other nations; and that our commerce with the West Indies is the principal resource, which renders America capable of affording so capacious a market.
We find on a perusal of the production, signed Decius, that the arguments which he has made use of, have been principally answered in the last number of this paper. It has been there shown, that with regard to Spain, we possess not the means of affecting her commercial interests, as those of Britain. With regard to her, there is no intermediate mode of retaliation between peace and war. If the measure adopted with regard to Britain, should be productive of war, America may engage in it with a safe conscience; her grievances have been heavy, her patience long, and at length she has only resorted to a regulation similar to what many nations have adopted as expedient for their internal and permanent policy.
We shall conclude with an extract from an approved work on the law of nations, as applicable to this subject.
"Men being by nature obliged to assist each other reciprocally, there exists a sort of general obligation for them to carry on commerce with each other. This obligation, however, is only an imperfect one; it does not go to hinder a nation to consult its interests in the adoption of certain conditions or restrictions, in the commerce that it finds it convenient to carry on. Suppose even that one nation has, for a long series of years, carried on commerce with another, it is not obliged to continue so to do, if there are no treaties or agreements which require it. Still less can one nation oblige another to trade with it alone. It is permitted to promise one nation not to trade with such or such other nation; but, this case excepted, if two nations think proper to trade with each other, a third has no right whatever to hinder it. In this sense, the liberty of commerce is conformable to perfect natural right."—Martin's Law of Nations, p. 146.
The introductory observations to the publication signed Decius, have been omitted. They contain nothing but arguments which have frequently appeared in print heretofore.
FROM THE ENQUIRER.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE ENQUIRER.
ON Wednesday the 4th of December, Mr. Nicholson moved that "so much of the message of the President of the United States, as related to the conduct of the belligerent powers towards the United States, & to the unjustifiable construction lately given by some of them to the Laws of Nations, as it regards the rights of neutrals, be referred to the committee of Ways and Means, with instruction to enquire in what respect and to what extent our neutral rights had been violated, and what legislative measures required to counteract such violations." This reference was made, not without bitter opposition on the part of Mr. Bidwell, who moved to refer the subject to a select committee, of which, consequently, he would have been the Chairman. On the ensuing Saturday, the committee of Ways and Means took the matter into consideration, and instructed their Chairman to address the following letter to the Secretary of State.
Committee Room, December 11th, 1806.
"Sir, The Committee of Ways and Means have instructed me to request that you will cause to be laid before them such information on the subject of the enclosed resolution, as the Department of State can furnish:—1. What new principles or constructions of the Law of Nations have been adopted by the belligerent powers of Europe, to the prejudice of Neutral Rights? 2. The grounds asserting those principles or constructions? 3. The extent to which the commerce of the U. S. has been thereby injured?
"I am with very great respect, "Sir, "Yours, "JOHN RANDOLPH."
A considerable time having elapsed, and no answer having been received, the Chairman waited on the Secretary of State to know when the Committee might expect one. He was informed, by that officer, that he had been so much occupied in preparing a laborious report upon that subject, to be laid before the President, that he had not had time to reply to the letter of the Committee: and it was not until the 26th of January (more than six weeks subsequent to the requisition of the Committee) that the Secretary's communication was made to them. It consisted of a copy of his report to the President, on the new and injurious principles interpolated into the Laws of Nations by foreign powers, & contained no answer whatsoever to some of the most important points, to which the committee had directed the attention, and on which they had requested the opinion of the Secretary of State. This communication was scarcely received, when (on the 29th of January) the committee were discharged from all further consideration of the subject, which, with Mr. Gregg's resolution, brought forward on that day, was referred to a committee of the whole house on the state of the Union. On this occasion, insinuations of tardiness and neglect of duty on the part of the Committee of Ways and Means were thrown out by some members. The Chairman was then absent from indisposition. On the next day, however, he laid on the table his letter to the Secretary of State with the answer, the dates of which clearly exculpated the committee from every imputation of remissness; rendering it self-evident that they could not possibly have reported previous to the time of their discharge.
The resolution of Mr. Gregg begot a brood of others, of which it is not my purpose to notice any but the motion of Mr. Nicholson, which was introduced, not so much from a conviction on the mind of its author, that the step was in itself advisable, as from a belief that it might prove the means of preventing the house from precipitating itself into more ruinous measures. Accordingly we find that Mr. Nicholson himself, voted to postpone its consideration, and that he declined being a member of the committee which brought in the bill in pursuance of it, to which he eventually gave a feeble and reluctant assent. And yet this bill has been called through-out the continent "Mr. Nicholson's bill." It is equally notorious, that in regard to the course to be pursued towards Great-Britain, no opinion was expressed by the members of the Cabinet, in their collective or individual capacities. On the contrary the President frequently declared, without reserve, that he had no opinion on the subject. Similar declarations were made by other influential and leading persons presiding over the different executive departments: and it is a fact, that no consultation was held between them from the meeting of Congress until some time in March. This want of concert and decision in the administration might easily have been inferred (even if there were no other proof of it) from the various, discordant, and undigested projects, which were brought forward in the Legislature; and to this want of system must be referred much of the mischief which then resulted from this subject, as well as the embarrassments which have since ensued, and are yet likely to grow out of it.
The aggressions of Great-Britain naturally divided themselves into two classes:—Impressment of our seamen, and depredations upon our commerce. To the first we have been subjected under three successive administrations, from the year 1793 to the present time. But this grievance, to which the United States had so long submitted, and to which Congress had heretofore been content to apply palliatives, was now enlarged and dwelt upon by certain persons, because they saw in it a theme which would touch most sensibly the American feelings. Mr. Nicholson did not scruple to reproach them with a feigned zeal, and to charge them with having opposed at a former session, a bill which he had introduced for remedying the evil. Mr. John Randolph was of opinion that the impressment of our seamen furnished just cause of indignant resentment on our part; but he saw no reason for pushing that matter to extremity at this time, which had not existed in as full force, for the last five, or even twelve years: Our government, in consideration of the great number of British seamen in our employment, and of the identity of language and manners between that class of their subjects, and the same description of our citizens, but above all, from motives of sound policy (too obvious to need recapitulation,) had hitherto deemed it expedient to temporize on this interesting and delicate topic: he could see no just ground at present, for departing from this system—more especially pending an actual negotiation between the two governments, on the point in dispute: He was of opinion that nothing should be left undone to accommodate our differences amicably, and that no step should be taken which might interrupt or defeat such a settlement: that even if we should resort to war, it must eventuate in a treaty of peace, by which the points of controversy would be adjusted, or left in statu quo ante Bellum: and that after incurring the inculcable mischiefs of war—the derangement of our finances and the augmentation of the public debt, to an extent which could not now be foreseen; to say nothing of its baneful effects upon our political institutions, & of the danger which must accrue from throwing our weight at this juncture,
into the preponderating scale of Europe; there was no prospect that we should obtain better terms at any future pacification, than were attainable at present: at any rate he was disposed to give fair play to the fair experiment of negotiation. But if any active measures were to be taken against Great-Britain, they should be of the most efficient and decisive nature. He deprecated half measures, as the most injurious to ourselves, which could be adopted. Whilst the Bill was yet under discussion, the news of the death of Mr. Pitt, and of the consequent change of Ministry, reached the United States. No circumstance could have afforded a fairer or more honorable pretext, or a more powerful motive for suspending our measures against Great Britain than this. The late Premier was known to be decidedly hostile to the institutions, the interests, and the very people of America. No administration, not even that of Lord North himself, had been, or could be more inimical to the United States, than that of Mr. Pitt. His power was moreover connected with, and depended upon the continuation and duration of the war. He was succeeded by Mr. Fox, unquestionably the most liberal, and enlightened statesman of Europe; the man, above all others, beyond the Atlantic, the best affected towards the principles of our government, & the illustrious character by whom it was administered. Never did a fairer occasion present itself to any nation, for changing, without any imputation of versatility, or any loss of honor, the course which they had chosen to prescribe to themselves. The excitement of public sentiment, & the measures consequent upon that excitement, might fairly and honorably have been referred to the known character of the late Premier, the pupil of Dundas, and the disciple of Charles Jenkinson; and the United States might have awaited, in a dignified and imposing inactivity, the manifestation of a different sentiment by the new ministry. But the new leaders of the House of Representatives were men who soared above or skimmed beow all considerations of time, place, and circumstance: they gloried in their ignorance of men and things in Europe, and boasted that their policy should not be modified, by any change in the aspect of affairs at home or abroad: and in the pursuit of an abstract metaphysical ignis fatuus , they did not hesitate to embark the best interests of the union.
Against these measures Mr. J. Randolph further objected, that during the "five months which our ministers had spent in fruitless discussion at Madrid," it had entered into the head of no body to suggest any proposition of a coercive nature in relation to Spain; and that, even after the total failure of that negotiation no such measure had been proposed: that Great Britain had indeed impressed our seamen, and advanced certain injurious principles of national law, which, if carried into their full extent, would materially affect our commerce, but that Spain, after having refused to make good her solemn stipulations to compensate us for former spoliations committed on our commerce, had "renewed the same practices during the present war." She had not, it was true, impressed our seamen, but her cruisers had "plundered and sunk our vessels, and maltreated and abandoned their crews, in open boats, or on desert shores, without food or covering;" her courts of admiralty had indeed advanced no "new principles of the Law of Nations," but they had confiscated our ships and cargoes, without the pretext of principles of any sort, new or old. She had moreover insulted our territory, violated the property and persons of our citizens within our acknowledged limits, and insolently rejected every overture to accommodation. With Spain all our attempts to negotiate had failed:—with Great Britain we had a negotiation actually pending, and which the despatches of our minister at the court of London gave us every reason to suppose would have a prosperous issue: and even admitting, for the sake of argument, that our vote of money to purchase Florida was, in itself, no derogation from the national honor; inasmuch as we proposed to receive a fair equivalent for it, yet, having refused to take any coercive measures for the unperformed obligations of Spain, who had peremptorily rejected all our propositions for pacific accommodation, how could we with any face of impartiality towards the belligerent powers, assume this elevated tone towards Great Britain? Mr. Randolph further declared, that the proposed measure was, in itself, inefficient to every valuable purpose; that its sole operation would be to pique the pride, and raise the resentment of our adversary, and whilst it indicated a strong spirit of hostility on our part, would afford her a fair opening to strike the first effectual blow: that it was indeed to shew our teeth without daring at the same time to bite: that Great Britain would have until the next session of Congress, ample time to devise means for annoying us in the most effective manner, and that meanwhile she might withdraw her property from our grasp, and guard every vulnerable point from our attack. He conjured the house not to suffer themselves, from the honest prejudices of the revolution, from their ancient partiality to France, and their well-grounded antipathy to England, to be legislated into a war, which would involve the best interests of their country. Above all, he trusted that their measures would in no wise be influenced by any wish to avenge on G. B. the wrongs and injuries of Ireland: he declared that his sympathy with that insulted and oppressed people was too strong not to lead him to fear, that the same sentiment might operate on other members, in this case, whilst they themselves were unconscious of it: that whilst he deplored the subjugation of that gallant and generous nation, it was his duty to remember that he was legislating for the U. S. and bound to consult their interests alone. On this occasion Mr. Smith, who, since the incapacity of Mr. Bidwell had become manifest, was considered as the efficient leader of the majority, avowed, that, although an Irishman by birth, he felt no greater predilection for that country than for any other in Europe or in the world. This declaration was conceived by many, not to confer much honor upon that gentleman; whether true or false Another strong objection to the non-importation bill arose from its bearing the aspect (especially when taken in conjunction
with our recent conduct towards France, and Spain) of a disposition on our part to aid the views of the French government in cramping the navigation, and destroying the manufactures of G. Britain. This constituted one principal source of animosity between those rival nations, and the American government could perhaps take no step which would so strongly excite the resentment of the English ministry. The prompt and decisive conduct of that government towards Prussia, so soon as she manifested a disposition to come into the views of France on this subject, forms the best commentary upon this opinion, and the sudden change in the tone of Mr. Fox towards the U. S. is no bad criterion of its truth.
When Mr. J. Randolph declared, that if any coercive measures were to be pursued against G. Britain, they should be of the most energetic stamp, and mentioned an embargo as that which he deemed the most efficient at the outset, he was asked by some "why he did not move such a proposition" and they declared at the same time, that, if he would bring forward the measure, they would support it. To this the answer was obvious:—That he wished to try the fair experiment of negotiation in the first instance: that he deemed it impolitic, pending that negotiation, to take any step which might defeat it: and that it was astonishing to him, that gentlemen who had remained entirely passive under the aggressions of Spain, who had refused to concur even in measures of self defence against her inroads—made too after a peremptory rejection of every overture to accommodation, should advocate an opposite course towards another power, with whom we were at that moment actually treating. The bill nevertheless passed by a large majority. The wisdom of the measure is yet to be tested by its effects.
DECUS.
We are just informed (says the Lynchburg Star) that Wm. A. Burwell, Esq. of Franklin county, a firm democrat, is, by a very large majority, elected to Congress, to supply the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Christopher Clark, Esq.
MASSACHUSETTS ELECTION.
In six of seven towns Mr. Quincy has 1,947, and Mr. Prince 1,425 votes. Mr. Q. is re-elected.
Jacob Crowninshield is re-elected. Mr. C. had 1,283 and M. Putnam 998 votes.
Joseph B. Varnum, Ebenezer Seaver, Samuel Taggart, and William Ely are likewise re-elected.
Those in Isle are federal; the others republican.
Robert Wright is elected Governor of the state of Maryland, without opposition.
PROVIDENCE, R. I. Nov. 1.
The whole number of the electors in this state, who voted for representatives to Congress, was 3389, and 1695 votes were necessary to make a choice.
  Nehemiah Knight had 1794   and is elected:   Isaac Wilbom, 1630   William Hunter, 1485   Thomas Arnold, 1456   Thomas B. Hazard, 319   Scattering, 27 
AARON BURR.
We are informed that two distinguished federalists are parties to the contract for furnishing provisions on the waters of the Ohio, alluded to in our last; one of them not long since a Senator of the United States; and the other an eminent federal contractor at Pittsburg.—National Intelligencer.
A committee of the House of Assembly of New Jersey have reported that it would be inexpedient for the Legislature of that state to accede to an Amendment to the Constitution of the U. States for preventing the extension of the Judiciary power to controversies between Citizens of different states, between Citizens of the same state, claiming lands and grants from different states, or between Citizens of a state and Citizens or subjects of a foreign state, as proposed by the Legislature of Kentucky, Pennsylvania and Georgia. The House unanimously confirmed the report.
Some of the answers given by the deputies of the Jewish nation in the Synod of Paris, to questions proposed to them, are already spoken of. The one given by them in defusion to the third question, to wit:—"Can a Jewish woman marry a Christian, or a Christian marry a Jewish woman? or, in other words, does the law forbid the Jews from marrying otherwise than among themselves?" was in the following words:—"The law of Moses expressly forbids to the Jewish nation, the intermarriage with unclean people; but this law is applicable neither to Frenchmen nor Frenchwomen, as they are not expressly mentioned by Moses."
As for the nuptial benediction to be given by the Rabbins, that ceremony as the deputies say, is not practiced among the Jews, the consent only of both parties suffices and is obligatory. If they would force the Rabbins to give their benediction on such a union, they probably would object the same difficulties, as French ecclesiastics who refuse to marry a christian with a Jewish woman, vice versa.
To the 6th question: "whether they acknowledge France for their country, &c."—It was at first answered affirmatively; but soon after some scruples seized upon the Rabbins, above all with regard to the country. We wish to know how the deputies will extricate themselves from this perplexity, without giving up the belief of the coming of the Messiah, and of the possession of Judea.—French Paper.
ARRIVAL OF CAPTAINS LEWIS AND CLARK AT ST. LOUIS.
This desirable and unexpected event, took place on Tuesday, the 23d of this inst, about the hour of 10 o'clock in the morning. On Monday evening the news, reached this place that captains Lewis and Clark had arrived at the cantonment, near the mouth of the Missouri; and the great concourse of people that lined the bank of the river at the time of their landing, at this

place the next day, must be considered as a strong evidence of the respect entertained for those gentlemen for the danger and difficulties they must have encountered in their expedition of discovery. But the citizens of St. Louis anxious to evince fully their joy at this event (which cannot but be considered as very interesting to every American) united in celebrating their arrival by a splendid dinner at Christy's Inn, on the 25th, which was succeeded by a ball in the evening. The respectable number of persons who attended both the dinner and the ball, given on the occasion, together with the unanimity which prevailed throughout the company, cannot but be esteemed an honorable testimony of the respect entertained for those characters who are willing to encounter fatigue and hunger for the benefit of their fellow-citizens—but what is not due to those who penetrate the gloom of unexplored regions, to expel the mists of ignorance which envelope science and overshadow their country.
The following were the toasts drank at the dinner—
1. The President of the United States—the friend of science, the polar star of discovery, the philosopher and the patriot.
2. The heads of department—the pillars that support the world's best hope.
3. The Missouri expedition—may the knowledge of the newly explored regions of the west, be the least benefit that we may derive from this painful and perilous expedition.
4. The hardy followers of captains Lewis and Clark—may they be rewarded by the esteem of their fellow-citizens.
5. The United States—whilst they tolerate a spirit of enquiry, may they never forget, united they stand; but divided they fall.
6. The territory of Louisiana—freedom without bloodshed, may her actions duly appreciate the blessing.
7. The memory of Christopher Columbus—may those who imitate his hardihood, perseverance and merit, never have, like him, to encounter public ingratitude.
8. The federal constitution—may the eagle of America convey it to the remotest part of the globe; and whilst they read they cannot but admire.
9. The memory of the illustrious Washington, the father of America—may his guardian spirit still watch over us, and prove a terror to the engines of despotism.
10. The capital of the United States—may the goddess of liberty never cease to preside there.
11. Peace to all nations; but submission to none.
12. The commerce of the United States—the basis of the political elevation of America.
13. Agriculture and industry—the farmer is the best support of government.
14. Our fathers who shed their blood and laid down their lives to purchase our independence—may we emulate their actions, and inherit their virtues.
15. The Missouri—under the auspices of America, may it prove a vehicle of wealth to all nations of the world.
16. Our national council—may the baneful influence of private ambition and political intrigue, be ever expelled thence by the genuine spirit of republicanism.
17. The fair daughters of Louisiana—may they ever bestow their smiles on hardihood and virtuous valor.
After captains Lewis and Clark retired.
18. Captains Lewis and Clark—their peculiar services endear them to every American heart.
DIED—on Thursday the 13th November, at Louisa courthouse, aged 51, Mr. WILLIAM LAWRENCE. Warm, generous and sincere, he had few foibles and many virtues. In the character of father, husband, master, neighbor and friend, he afforded an example worthy the imitation of all. A friend, who knew him well, offers this simple tribute to the memory of a virtuous man. In this city on Monday last, Mr. REUBEN COUTTS.
NEW-YORK, Nov. 12. Arrived this morning, the ship Richard, Rogers, from Nantz—Sailed Oct. 1—latest Paris papers 25th Sept. The Publicist of the 25th says:
The Conservative Senate has been convened this day. The object of this extraordinary convocation by his Majesty is said to be to communicate to the Senate the marriage of his Imperial Highness the Prince Jerome Bonaparte with one of the Princes Royal of the House of Wurtemberg—Two copies of letters have also been read, one to the Prince primate of the confederation of the Rhine to make known to him the intention of the Emperor to support the confederation with all the force of France—the other, to the king of Bavaria to announce to him, that, notwithstanding the intrigues of the Court, his Majesty the Emperor still hopes to preserve Peace with Prussia; but in case that this power should not make a prompt and categorical answer to the explanations which have been demanded, that his Majesty is ready to enter into Germany with 300,000 men.
A friend having favored us with a Trinidad paper, of the 18th ult. we are enabled to state,
That the British ship Fortitude, from the Straits of Malacca via Bengal, had arrived there with 191 natives, (mechanics and artists) agreeably to a plan of the British government.
It appears from governor Hislop's proclamation, that the object is, to introduce a free race!!! of cultivators, who from interest, will be attached to the European proprietors.
He advises the inhabitants to treat these new settlers with kindness that they may become reconciled to their new abode, that they may, by the return of the ship, send a favorable report to their friends, and promote future migrations—which, he says, in course of time, will produce the most important advantages to the colony.
We also find by the same paper, that a deputation from the custom-house had been appointed at Port-Hislop for the purpose of obtaining permission for American and other vessels, to load and discharge without being obliged to go to P. Spain.
A letter from our correspondent at Trinidad, of the 18th ult. says, "American
provisions of every class, extremely scarce—flour 24 dollars, and only four days provision remaining with the bakers, and not a barrel for sale. Fish 8 dollars, rice 10. Beef and pork, none. Lumber of every description scarce and dear. November 13.
The fast-sailing ship Richard, Captain Rogers, arrived at this port yesterday from Nantz.—She left there the 1st October.
One of the passengers in the Richard, is the bearer of a prize-medal awarded to the President of the United States, by the Agricultural Society of the Seine.
A letter by this arrival mentions, that Bonaparte had set out for the army.—[We do not find this announced in our papers.]
On the 14th of September the camp of Toulon broke up, and all the troops in the vicinity of Paris, including the Imperial Guards, commenced their march for the Frontiers of Prussia.
The Emperor was to leave Paris on or about the 25th to put himself at the head of his armies.
It was the prevailing opinion at Paris, on the 25th September, and at Nantz on the 1st of October, that there would be no peace with England; and that the whole of Europe would immediately be again involved in a war.
It was whispered, in confidential circles at Paris, that Bonaparte had determined to compliment the Queen of Etruria, with the Kingdom of Portugal.
On the 14th of September Jerome Bonaparte, with much pomp and parade, and amidst the shouts of a Parisian mob, was created a Prince of the Empire.
The King of Sweden, as appears from an article dated Altena, September 2, after raising for a few days the blockade of the Prussian ports, ordered them to be blockaded anew.
Letters from Madrid, of the 8th of August, says the Paris Argus of the 13th Sept. mention that the king had given orders for an army of 40,000 men to hold themselves in readiness to march. It is thought this order was in consequence of the entrance of the English into the Tagus.
An article, dated Berlin, Aug. 30, says. It is rumored that all our differences with England are on the point of being terminated.
Intelligence from St. Petersburg announces the expected speedy departure of several armed vessels and frigates for Gorka. The English, it is said, have debarked, between Terracina and Gaeta, about 500 men, all of whom were entirely destroyed.
PETERSBURGH, Aug. 26. Government has inserted the following official articles in a supplement to the Court Gazette published yesterday:
"The councillor of state Pierre D'Oubril, departing early in the month of May for Paris, to succour the Russian prisoners, received at the same time instructions for the occasion, which might present itself to effect a reconciliation between France and Russia. He has returned hither with extraordinary diligence, bearing a treaty of peace which he had concluded and signed on the 20th July with General Clarke, plenipotentiary of the French government. "As much as that event would have been agreeable to his Imperial majesty, if this treaty had been suitable to his majesty's dignity, to his engagements with his allies, to the safety of his subjects and to the general repose of Europe; so much the more has it been disagreeable to him to see that in no respect have his just and benevolent intentions been answered. "This treaty is of the following tenor: "Art 1. From the date hereof there shall be perpetual peace and good friendship between his majesty the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, and his Imperial majesty the Emperor of Russia, their heirs and successors, estates and subjects. "2. In execution of the first article, hostilities both by land and sea shall immediately cease between the two nations. The necessary orders to this effect shall in consequence be forwarded in 24 hours from the signing of this treaty. All ships of war and other vessels belonging to either power, or to their subjects, which may be taken in any part of the world by the subjects of the other, shall be restored to the right owners. "3. The Russian troops shall give up to the French the country known by the name of the months of the Catarro, which as being a dependence on Dalmatia, appertains to his majesty the emperor of the French, in his quality of king of Italy agreeably to the 4th article of the treaty of Presburgh. There shall be furnished to the Russian troops every possible facility for their departure from both the mouth of Catarro and the Ragusan territory, the country of the Montenegrins & from Dalmatia, wherever the circumstance of the war may have placed them. Immediately after the treaty shall be known, the military and naval commanders of both nations shall make in concert the necessary dispositions for the retreat of the troops and the surrender of the territory. "4. His majesty the emperor of the French, king of Italy desirous of giving to his majesty the emperor of Russia a proof of his conciliatory dispositions, consents, 1. That the republic of Ragusa shall be restored to its former independence, on conditions that it shall as heretofore be under the protection of the Ottoman Porte; 2d, that no act of hostility shall take place from the day of the date of the present treaty, against the Montenegrins whilst they remain peaceable as subjects of the Ottoman Porte. They shall be obliged immediately to return to their own fire-sides; and the emperor Napoleon promises not to disquiet them; that no enquiry shall be made respecting the part they have taken in the hostilities against Ragusa, her dependencies in the adjacent country. "5. The independence of the republic of the Seven Isles is acknowledged by the two powers. The Russian troops who may be at present in the Mediterranean shall form a junction at the Ionian Isles. His majesty the emperor of Russia, to give a proof of his pacific intention, shall not maintain more than 4000 men of his troops, which however shall not depart from thence, as soon as his imperial majesty shall deem it expedient. "6. It is promised, on both sides, that nothing shall be done to injure the independence
of the Ottoman Porte; and the two high contracting powers reciprocally engage to maintain the power in the integrity of its possessions.
7. Immediately after, in conformity to the present convention of peace, the order for the evacuation of the mouths of the Catarro by the Russian troops shall have been given, the French troops shall retire from Germany. His Majesty the emperor Napoleon declares that, in less than three months after the signing of the present treaty, the French troops shall have all re-entered France.
8. The two courts promise to interpose their good offices for procuring peace between Prussia and Sweden.
9. The two high contracting parties, desirous of accelerating, as far as depends upon them the return of maritime peace, his majesty the Emperor of the French for his purpose accepts the good offices of his Russian majesty.
10. The commercial relations between the subjects of the two powers, shall be established on the same footing on which they stood before the commencement of hostilities.
11. Immediately after the exchange of the ratifications, the prisoners of both nations shall be restored without exception to the respective agents of their nation.
12. The diplomatic relations and the etiquette between the two courts, shall be the same as before the war.
13. The ratifications of the present convention shall be exchanged at St. Petersburg, within the space of 25 days, between the two plenipotentiaries charged by their respective courts with full power for that purpose.
Concluded and signed at Paris, the 20th (20th) July, 1806.
(Signed) Pierre D'Uubril & Clarke. A Paris paper says—Hayden, the great musician, died about the first of September.
PHILADELPHIA, November 14.
The brig Eliza, capt. Wilson, sailed from New-Orleans the 21st October; at that time news had reached the City, that an arrangement had taken place between the Spaniards on the Frontier and Gen. Wilkinson, in consequence of which the militia of the territory of Orleans and Mississippi, who had volunteered their services, to the number of 600 men, and had marched to join general Wilkinson, were on their return to their respective Districts. No official intelligence had been received on this subject, from the general, but concurring advices from different quarters respecting the return of the militia, rendered it almost certain that arrangements had taken place; and it is said to be agreed that neither the United States nor Spain, shall occupy the contested country, between the old boundary and the river Sabine, until final arrangements are made between the two governments respecting limits.
General Wilkinson notwithstanding his small force and very unprovided state of his little Band, had advanced beyond the Grand Bayou, and had taken a position with 300 men at the junction of the Roads to Addies and Bayou Pierre, at which latter place Col. Herrera with about 1500 to 1800 men, chiefly cavalry, were stationed.
Col. Cordero, Governor of St. Antonio, with a reinforcement, the number of which was unknown, lay encamped about 25 miles in the rear of Herrera's force and altho' the superior officer had not joined nor taken the command when the last accounts reached Orleans, a detachment of artillery from the little garrison of Orleans, had marched on the 12th October, on the western bank of the Mississippi, to join the General at Natchitoches, and were to be followed on the 22d or 23d by another detachment which would proceed in two gun boats by way of the Mississippi and Red River to the same place; this reinforcement would add 100 more brave fellows to his forces.
Governor Grand Pre, of Baton Rouge, alarmed at the report of the approaching departure of the gun-boats, had given out that he would oppose their passage up the river, but it was believed he would not attempt hostilities, although he had assembled the militia of his District, and had taken every possible measure to assemble a force more than adequate to the object.
The militia of the City of New Orleans were called together on the 17th October, and unanimously offered their services to defend the territory, and particularly the city—they were accepted by the Governor, and the following handbill was published on the occasion, which will amply refute the calumnies of those who have endeavored to persuade the government that the people of Louisiana were not attached to its cause:—
Friday, October 17, 1806.
DISPLAY OF PATRIOTISM. At the muster of the 1st 2d and 4th regiment militia this morning, every officer, non commissioned officer and private present, voluntarily offered their services for the defence of the territory, and more particularly for the security of the city—This tender of service was immediately accepted by the Governor, and the detachment ordered to be mustered for inspection and exercise once a week. The Militia were addressed by Col. Bellechasse, Macarty and Darcier, and also by the Governor, when he accepted the tender of their services. Officers, non commissioned officers and privates of the 1st 2d and 4th regiments of militia.
You have anticipated my wishes, and fulfilled my expectations. I have to announce my acceptance of the tender of your military services, and to add, that your patriotic conduct will be justly appreciated by your country. WM. C. C. CLAIBORNE. New-Orleans, Oct. 17, 1806.
NOTICE. THE PARTNERSHIP OF Macmurdo & Fisher, WILL terminate with the 31st day of December next. The affairs of the company, after that period, will remain in the name of Charles J. Macmurdo for settlement. CHARLES J. MACMURDO. GEORGE FISHER. Richmond, Nov. 14, 1806. tlfan*.
Thirty Dollars Reward.
DESERTED from this place, on the 14th inst. JAMES LOWNES, a soldier of the public guard, about 28 years of age, five feet 7 or 8 inches high, fair complexion, with red hair and large whiskers, with blue eyes. It is unknown where he will go, as he is very fond of spirits. Any person taking up said deserter and bringing him to this place, and delivering him to me, or either of the officers of the said guard, shall receive the above reward. ALEX. QUARRIER, C. P. G. N. B. All masters of vessels are forwarded from carrying him out of this place. Richmond, Nov. 18th, 1806. A. Q.
To the Public.
THE Subscriber, residing in the city of Williamsburg, is desirous of taking a few young Ladies and Gentlemen as BOARDERS.
Her house is situated on the lot adjoining Mr. Anderson's Boarding School, and has seven convenient rooms. She therefore flatters herself that she can accommodate them to their satisfaction with Lodging as well as Entertainment. She proposes to keep separate tables for the Gentlemen and Ladies, and her terms will be as moderate as any in town. ANNA BYRD. Nov. 18, 1806. w4t
NOTICE.
BY virtue of a deed of trust, a parcel of choice NEGROES consisting of ten Men, that have been accustomed to live in the upper country, and as likely as any in the commonwealth, will be offered for Sale to the highest bidder, to satisfy a debt due Carter Page, esq., by the Messieurs Deane's, at Cumberland courthouse, on Monday the 26th of January next, (being court day); a credit of twelve months will be allowed, the purchasers giving bond and approved security. It is agreed by the parties that the subscriber shall act for the trustee. SAMUEL TAYLOR, Jr. Nov. 17, 1806. wtds
WILL BE SOLD,
TO the highest bidder, for ready money, at John Anderson's tavern, in the town of New-Canton, on Thursday the 18th December next,
One Negro Woman
Named Aggy, made over to us in trust, to secure the payment of a debt due from Charles Matthews to Walter Irvine. Samuel Bransford, John Irvine, } Trustees. New-Canton, Nov. 17th, 1806.
ALSO, at the same time and place, a likely NEGRO LAD, about 17 or 18 years of age, for Cash. Sw Walter Irvine.
Humanity Hall Grammar School,
WILL be continued by the Subscriber, for the ensuing term, for the instruction of youth, in the Greek, Latin and English languages; Geography, the elements of Geometry, with practical Surveying.—ALSO, Writing and Arithmetic, Vulgar, Decimal and Analytical. The price of board, tuition, washing and fuel, will be twenty-eight pounds for the term, paid quarterly in advance, to commence on the 15th of January next, and expire the 10th of December. Particular attention will be paid to the morals, deportment and cleanliness of the youth; and bedding will be furnished such as choose; at forty shillings extra. The subscriber having lately erected a convenient House, it will be in his power to furnish twelve or fifteen boys with good accommodations. THOMAS NELSON. Forks of Hanover, Nov. 15, 1806. 4t||
FOR SALE
THE PLANTATION whereon I now live, in Cumberland county, two miles from Cairo, and six from the courthouse. It is well known to be one of the best stands as a public house, on the main western road. The House is large and has five fire places, and is particularly well calculated to accommodate families in cold weather—there are also, a good Kitchen, a Stable with stalls sufficient for 30 Horses, and other convenient out-houses—a young Orchard of 20 acres, containing almost every kind of fruit. There is a good proportion of Meadow Land, and some of it putting in order to sow and about thirty thousand Corn-Hills of low ground. The Household and Kitchen Furniture, Corn, Meat, and the Stock of every kind, naturalised to the place, will be disposed of with the plantation. A long credit will be given (to suit the purchaser) on paying down only one thousand dollars of the money, and giving satisfactory security for the balance.—Possession may be had any time between this time and the 1st of February, 1807. BENJ. R. CHESHIER. Cumberland, Nov. 20, 1806. w3t||
NOTICE.
I AM prepared to receive Members of the Assembly as BOARDERS,
At the House occupied by me last year, near the Capitol. Gentlemen who lodge with me, shall have the privileges of private Boarding-Houses, and I will exert myself to give general satisfaction. JOHN MOODY. Nov. 20, 1806. 3t
Manchester Turnpike Company.
NOTICE is hereby given, that the annual meeting of Stock-holders, will be held at Mr. Brooks' Tavern, in Manchester, on the first Monday in December next, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon. JAMES BRANDER, Ctr. November 12th, 1806. tdm
NOTICE.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed by Edward Lewis, of Buckingham county, to George S. Hare, of said county, and John Erwin, of Pendleton county, to secure the payment of four hundred dollars, due from said Lewis to Thomas Peebles, of Fayette county, and state of Kentucky, will be SOLD, on the tenth day of January next, in the town of Duigulds ville, Buckingham county,
One Negro Man
Named Charles, the property of said Lewis is, to satisfy the said debt. The sale will begin at 10 o'clock in the forenoon—due attendance will be given by JOHN ERWIN, One of the trustees. Nov. 9th, 1806. 3w||
FOR SALE,
ON the 5th day of December next, on the premises, the tract of land whereon I now live, containing 28 3-4 acres, lying on the Buckingham road, half a mile below Cumberland Courthouse. The land is well improved and of a tolerable good soil—There is on this land a framed dwelling house, composed of three rooms, a framed kitchen, over which is a good apartment, sadler's shop, with three rooms, a good stable, a garden and other necessary improvements—with the addition of a good apple orchard which will be useful in a year or two.—This situation is a good one for a tavern as well as a mechanic of any kind. Terms one half cash and a credit of six months for the other half, the purchaser giving bond with approved security. ALSO FOR SALE, at the same time and place, all my household and kitchen FURNITURE, &c. ALSO, 30 1-2 acres of LAND, lying on the opposite side of the road, which I purchased of M. B. Poitiaux, esq. of the city of Richmond. This Land will be Sold subject to the said Poitiaux's claim, as I have not as yet a deed; and he will, whenever the said claim is discharged, convey a full and perfect title thereto. A credit of six months will be given the purchaser upon his entering into bond and approved security, to carry interest from the 15th January 1806, till paid, with a deed of trust, on the said Land, to secure the payment, whenever he the said Poitiaux shall make a deed to the purchaser. SAML ADAMS. November 17, 1806. w3t*.
The Subscriber,
THINKS proper to give notice, he has resumed the practice of the law, and purposes regular attendance in the Court of Appeals, the Federal Court, and the High Court of Chancery, holden in the city of Richmond, (to which place he is now preparing to remove his residence.) Due attention will be paid to such business as may be committed to his care. WILLIAM COWAN, Lunenburg, Nov. 14. tf
Valuable Property for sale.
THE LAND and MILL advertised for sale, by the subscriber in the Enquirer, to have been sold on the fifteenth of September last. If not previously sold, before Monday the 24th of this present month, that being Middlesex court day, to be held in the town of Urbanna: It will positively be sold on that day if fair, otherwise the first fair day (in the said town of Urbanna) to the highest bidder, on a credit till the first day of September next; the purchaser giving bond with approved security, to bear interest from the date, if not punctually paid, with a lien on the property to secure the payment. The sale to commence between the hours of 12 and 1 o'clock, at Mr. Christopher Owen's Tavern, in the above mentioned place. ROBERT BIRD. Hanover, Nov. 14. 2
The Grand Lodge of Virginia will meet at the Masons' Hall, in this city, on the evening of the second Monday in the next month.
W. H. FITZWHYLSONN, G. S. Richmond, Nov. 17, 1806. 18D
FOR SALE.
BY virtue of a decree of the county court of Albemarle, made in the case of Micajah Chiles' executors against Menah Mills, WILL BE SOLD for CASH, on the premises, on Friday the 19th day of December, 1806,
A Tract of Land,
Living in the county of Albemarle, situated about 11 or 12 miles above the town of Charlottesville, and about two or three from the late dwelling of Richard Woods, and on the road leading from Charlottesville to Amherst courthouse, in a healthy neighborhood, and is well calculated for a Farm. Also by virtue of the same decree, will be sold for cash on the premises, on Saturday the 20th day of December 1806, A LOT OF GROUND with the improvements thereon, in the town of Charlottesville, being the Lot formerly the property, and dwelling of the late Micajah Chiles, deceased—the improvements consist of a Dwelling-House two story high, three or four rooms below stairs, and several rooms on the second story; on this lot is also an Office-House, Stable, and several other convenient out-houses. Martin Dawson, Charles Yancey, } Commissioners, David I. Lewis, Alex. Garrett. 18s
The Subscriber,
RESPECTFULLY informs his friends and the public, that he has just received a good assortment of SADDLERY HARNESS ARTICLES, in his line of business—likewise Good Skirting, Hog Skins, Bag and Upper Leather, Coach Glass 20 by 24, 22 by 20 and 20 by 18. JOHN MCENERY. Richmond, Nov. 12, 1806. 4t||

Miscellaneous.
POETRY.
Extracted from the Monthly Mirror, a London periodical work. ON A PROSPECT FROM A WINDOW. IN one small Prospect Hope at Rapture's side, Anticipates the glow of happiest Hours...
DRESS.
THERE is no peculiarity in the manners of the nations of modern Europe, and their American imitators, which more distinguishes them from all other people, ancient and modern, savage, barbarous and civilized, than the arduous anxiety which they discover, to make perpetual innovations in the form and materials of their dress.
EDUCATION.
THE subscriber respectfully informs the public, that he will continue his SCHOOL at his house in the lower end of Albemarle county, where he teaches the Greek and Latin languages, the English language, Grammatical, Composition, and the Rudiments of the Mathematics.
M'CAY and COWAN, HAVE just received by the late arrivals from London, a large and fashionable assortment of WATCHES, with a variety of articles of JEWELLERY and SILVER WORK...
MARSHAL'S SALES.
TO BE SOLD, to the highest bidder, for ready money, under a decree of the court of the United States, for the fifth circuit in the Virginia district, between Phineas Landon, attorney for the creditors of Ezekiel Edwards, plaintiff, and David Ross and others defendants...
At the request of Mr. Ross, the sale of the land above mentioned called Fort Lewis is POSTPONED until the 29th day of NEXT MONTH...
Just received at this office, THE SECOND VOLUME OF Burk's History of Virginia. Subscribers are requested to call and take their books.
JUST PUBLISHED, By SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN and For sale by the Gr. or dozen, or single, at his Printing-Office and Book-Store, Richmond.
The Virginia Almanack, FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1807; Being the third after Bissextile or Leap Year adapted to the Latitude and Meridian of Richmond.
MATRASSES. CAN be had on very short notice, MATRASSES of all sizes & kinds, agreeably to order in the corner house, same square, below Mr. Joe Darnadatt's, near the market, and next door to Mr. Jacob Johnson's book store.
REMOVAL. H. DABNEY has removed to the house on the Main street, nearly opposite Mr. J. P. M'Glothlen's and next door to Mr. W. Mitchell's brick building.
REMOVAL. THE subscribers have removed their COMPTING HOUSE from the Main Street to one of David Bullock's Brick Buildings, at the lower end of the Basin, between the Fenix and occupied by C. and T. Saunders, and Norvell, Wyatt and Bullock.
WILL BE SOLD, TO the highest bidder, at New Kent courthouse, on Monday the 24th of November next, for cash, Twenty Likely Negroes.
Gloucester Low Grounds. FOR SALE, ON the premises, the second day of January, 1807, a TRACT OF LAND, lying on a branch of Severn River, in the county of Gloucester, containing by estimation 348 acres.
FOR SALE, Persons wishing to view the land, will apply to Mr. STERLING SEAWELL, on the premises, or to the subscriber residing in the neighborhood.
Terms of sale will be made known on the day, and will be as accommodating as possible. JOHN B. SEAWELL, Ex'r.
N. B. The above land sold by direction of the will of John Seawell, dec. J. B. S.
GOVERNOR OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA.
A PROCLAMATION. WHEREAS it is represented to the Executive, that HARRICANE, a slave the property of Jesse Perkinson, of the county of Mecklenburg, convicted by the court of the county of Southampton, of burglary, and sentenced to suffer death for the same, hath made his escape from the jail of the said county of Southampton.
The said slave Hurricane, is a shoemaker by trade; a short, thick negro, about 5 feet 5 or six inches high, and had on (when he escaped) an iron collar about his neck, which was riveted very strongly and securely.
DISCOVERIES OF LEWIS AND HIS PARTNERS IN LOUISIANA. A fresh supply of the above interesting work is just received and for sale at this office.
GREENHOW & COLE, MERCHANTS in Williamsburg, most respectfully inform their friends and countrymen, that by the ships Father and Sons from London; the Laura and the Juno, from Liverpool; they have received a select, and well chosen assortment of useful, and fashionable GOODS.
Particularly adapted to the demands of the times. They are purchased with ready money, from the manufacturers themselves, with whom Robert Greenhow has long been in the habit of dealing, and whose custom to preserve, they have manifested particular solicitude.
A list of one Hogshead Tobacco remaining in Gray's Creek Warehouse, with the mark, number, weight and the name of the person for whom it was inspected, which if not claimed agreeably to law, will be sold at Surrey court house on the fourth Tuesday in February next.
THE subscribers under the firm of DARMSDATT, FOSTER & SATCHELL, have opened an Auction & Commission STORE.
AT PRIVATE SALE. 40 hogsheads } BROWN SUGAR 56 barrels } 2 pipes London Particular Madeira Wine 6 tiersce Old Apple Brandy 8 pipes Holland Gin 2 cases German Sheetings 2 do. do. Dowlas 1 do. do. Plaitas 1 do. do. Hestians 1 do. India Cottons.
Twenty Dllars Reward. FOR taking up and securing so that I get him again, LEWIS, A very yellow negro man, about twenty-one years of age, four feet eight or nine inches high, proportionably built, nothing notable in his countenance or speech, had on a short coat, overalls of nap't cotton, and ozanburs shirt; he took off no other clothing known of.
FOR SALE, THE TENEMENT where I now reside, and possession given immediately. J. PENN.
FOR SALE, ON A CREDIT OF SIX MONTHS, A PAIR OF LIKELY BAY HORSES. Enquire of the Printer.
Valuable Medicines.
PUBLIC confidence has never been more decidedly and firmly reposed, and perhaps in no instance more justly, than it appears in the efficacy of HAMILTON'S WORM LOZENGES, prepared and sold; wholesale and retail, by RICHARD LEE, no. 55, Maiden-lane, New York and in Richmond, (only) at S. Pleasants' Printing-office.
The proprietor has lately presented to the public eye the testimony of the Hon. A. C. Hanson, Chancellor of Maryland, the Rev. Mr. Moltner, and other distinguished and respectable characters. The following cases, of more recent occurrence, are now respectfully submitted. Copy of a letter from Mr. Henry Ackerman, Bricklayer, Magazine-street, near Broadway, Jan. 24, 1804.
FOR SALE AS ABOVE, Hamilton's Essence and Extract of Mustard. A safe and effectual remedy for acute and chronic Rheumatism, Gout, Rheumatic Gout, Palsy, Lumbago, Numbness, White Swellings, Chilblains, Sprains, Bruises, Pain in the Face and Neck, &c.
FOR THE PREVENTION AND CURE OF BILIOUS AND Malignant Fevers is recommended Hahn's Anti-Bilious Pills. The operation of these pills is perfectly mild, so as to be used with safety by persons in every situation, and of every age.
Hamilton's Elixir, A sovereign remedy for Colds, Obninate Coughs, Asthma, Sore Throat, and approaching Consumption. To Parents who may have children afflicted with The Hooping Cough.
This discovery is of the first magnitude, as it affords immediate relief, checks the progress, and in a short time entirely removes the most cruel disorder to which children are liable. The Elixir is so perfectly agreeable, and the dose so small, that no difficulty arises in taking it. From LUTHER MARTIN, Esq. attorney general to the State of Maryland.
GENTLEMEN—I comply with your request in stating my opinion of Hamilton's Elixir. It has been used in my family for two or three years past with uniform success, whenever colds, coughs, or similar complaints have rendered medicine necessary. I have myself found it an excellent and agreeable remedy to a very painful and troublesome affection of the breast, accompanied with foreign heat, and with obtunded and difficult breathing.
On these accounts, I do not hesitate to recommend Hamilton's Elixir as a valuable medicine, and deserving public attention. LUTHER MARTIN. HAMILTON'S Grand ReJorative, Is recommended as an invaluable medicine for the speedy relief and permanent cure of the various complaints which result from diffipated pleasures—juvenile indiscretions—evidence of intemperance unfavourable to the constitution—the immediate rate of tea—frequent intoxication or any other destructive interference—the unskillful or extensive use of mercury—the diseases peculiar to females at a certain period of life—bad lyings in, &c.
Hahn's true and genuine German Corn Plaster, An infallible remedy for corns, speedily removing them root and branch without giving pain. The Genuine Persian Lotion. So celebrated among the fashionable throughout Europe, as an invaluable cosmetic, perfectly innocent and safe, free from corrosive and repellant minerals (the basil other lotions) and of unparalleled efficacy in preventing and removing blemishes in the face and skin, of every kind—particularly freckles, pimples, inflammatory redness, scurfs, tetter, ring worms, sun burns, prickly heat, &c.
The Restorative Powder for the Teeth and Gums. HAHN'S GENUINE EYE WATER, A sovereign remedy for all diseases of the eyes whether the effect of natural weakness or of accident, speedily removing inflammation, detaching of rheum, dullness, itching and films on the eye; never failing to cure those maladies which, frequently succeed the small-pox, measles and fever, and wonderfully strengthening to weak light. Hundreds have experienced its excellent virtues when nearly deprived of sight. Tooth-Ache Drops, The only remedy yet discovered, which gives immediate and lasting relief in the most severe instances.
The Anodyne Elixir, For the cure of every kind of head-ache. The Damask Lip-Salve, Infallible Ague and Fever Drops, For the cure of Agues, Remittant and Intermit-tant Fevers.
Thousands can testify their being cured by these drops after the bark and every other medicine has proved ineffectual: not one in a hundred has ever taken more than one, and many not half a bottle. The Sovereign Ointment for the Itch, Which is warranted an infallible remedy at one application, and may be used with the most perfect safety by pregnant women, or on an infant a week old, not contain a particle of mercury or any dangerous ingredients whatever; and is not accompanied with that tormenting smart which attends the exhibition of other remedies.
The Indian Vegetable Specific.
The Medicines prepared by Richard Lee, have been in high estimation and general use throughout the United States, for upwards of six years; many of them are sold for less than the drugs of which they are compounded could be purchased at a retail price. It is no inconsiderable evidence of their utility, that during the above period, numerous imitations of every article (the production of ignorance and inexperience, urged by envy and penury) have intruded on the public, seen a day and then perished; others now succeeded them, which in like manner are fast descending "to the tomb of the Capulets," while our remedies become more generally used and acquire a daily accession of well earned celebrity.
To prevent the imposition of worthless or dangerous preparations, purchasers are requested to remember, that an engraved label, with the signature of Richard Lee's (to counterfeited which is felony) is affixed to each of his genuine medicines. Lee's Infallible Ague Drops. Recent Cures. A child of Mr. William Lortier, grocer, corner of Hudson and Jay Streets, was sick about five or six weeks with ague and fever, and in so violent a degree, as for the hot and cold to terminate frequently in most alarming convulsions. A variety of medicines, recommended by sympathizing neighbors, were administered, without alleviating the disease; at length hearing of the uniform efficacy of Lee's Ague Drops, a bottle was procured, of which three doses only were found necessary to perfect a cure. Five weeks have elapsed without any return of the complaint.
Mr. James Joyce, assistant in the warehouse of Mr. — Pearlfield, Pearl Street, was severely afflicted with an intermittent; but after taking Lee's Ague Drops, was cured in two days. At the recommendation of Mr. Joyce, a friend, Mr. Terence Toig, who had suffered much from an obstinate intermittent upwards of a year (with few and trifling intervals) was cured by a few doses of the same Medicine. At the recommendation of Mr. Joyce, a bottle was procured by M. P. Skooley, who was likewise charmed with an obstinate intermittent. A small portion completely removed every symptom of the complaint (which may surprise those who regard the bark as the only specific) — Four persons of Mr. Skooley's acquaintance were by the remaining part of this single phial, cured of the prevailing malaria.
The above narrations may suffice to prove the usefulness of this medicine; but if the assertion of the proprietor, and the fact of an annual demand for several thousand bottles have any weight, the public will believe that this preparation has never failed effecting a cure and may without effrontery be termed NECESSARY. Prepared and sold by Richard Lee, No. 59 Maidenlane New York, and at S. Pleasants' Printing office, Richmond. O. 4.
THE Subscriber has accommodations for twenty-five gentlemen of the Legislature. He has also stabling for as many horses. ALEX'R. QUARRIER, Richmond, Oct. 15th, 1806.
Valuable Property for Sale.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to us, by Peter F. Archer, for the benefit of John G. Jefferson, will be SOLD for cash, on the premises, in the county of Amelia on the 24th day of November next, that valuable TRACT OF LAND, called Fox Harbor, containing by estimation about 660 acres, with more than one third uncleared, a great part of which is prime Tobacco land, laying on both sides of the road which leads from Pricetown to Beverley's bridge. Also, the following SLAVES, Simon, Dacey and her three children, Leonard, Sam, John, Phil, Suley and her three children, Dacey, Saria and her two children, Phebe and her two children, Joe, Tom Big, Tom, Bristol, Marrier and her three children, or so much of the said property as shall be sufficient to satisfy the purpose of the said deed of trust. The sale will continue from day to day till it is completed. A minute description of the many advantages which would attend the purchase of the aforesaid tract of land is thought unnecessary, as it is imagined that those inclined to purchase, will view it and judge for themselves. JOSHUA CHAFFIN, WILLIAM CASSELLS, WILLIAM BENTLEY, Trustees. Oct. 9th, 1806.
FOR SALE.
THE LOT & HOUSES whereon John Hamilton, Esq. the British Consul, resides: on it is a three story Dwelling House, an Office and Kitchen, and other necessary Houses for family use: a Well of good Water, newly fitted and a Garden lately paid in, a Warehouse and Cellar under it; the remains of a Wharf, which will make a good foundation to build on; with all the privileges of lots situated on the river, of extending a wharf. Also 271 1/2 Acres of well timbered LAND, with a good Fishery on Willoughby's Bay, taking in the mouth and part of Mason's Creek, where the best of Oysters and Fish can be conveniently taken. Also, a LOT in Smithfield, between Mrs. Purdie's and Captain Todd's lots. For terms apply to Thos. Newton. August 2.
A BARGAIN MAY BE HAD IN A
Chariot, Harness and Pair of Excellent Horses. Enquire of the printer. Richmond, August 2, 1806.
TO RENT.
THE BRICK HOUSE, at the Falling Garden, at present occupied by S. Pleasants Jr. — Possession may be had by the last of this month. Enquire of the subscriber, near the premises. JAMES LOWNES. 10th Month, 3d 1806.
I DESIGN the ensuing year, with the aid of a qualified teacher, to attempt the Tuition of 15 Females—Grammar, Geography & Arithmetic will be taught. Strict attention will also be paid to the composition of the Scholars, nor will their morals be neglected. The price will be £28 each scholar finding her own bed—1/6th of the price to be paid in advance. Gerard Banks. Goochland, 27th Sept. 1806.
TICKETS in the Second
Class of the William and Mary College Lottery are for sale at this office.