Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1799-03-01 00:00:00

The VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[No. 90 of VOL. VI.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[WHOLE No. 611]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. NEAR THE VENDUE OFFICE OF M. VANDEWALL.
(Four Dollars per Annum—Paid in Advance.)
FRIDAY, MARCH 1, 1799.
(Ten Cents Single.)
The Public is respectfully informed that the TOLL BRIDGE ACROSS JAMES RIVER from this City to Manchester is now (notwithstanding the injuries sustained by the late ice and fresher) in better order than it has been for several years; and in a few days good substantial hand rails will be extended from one end of it to the other.
JOHN MAYO.
Richmond, February 14th, 1799. (tf)
H. Wilbar, Master of the Steine House Academy, Brightelmstone, England;
BEGS leave respectfully to inform the inhabitants of Richmond, and its vicinity, that his ACADEMY is now open in a Commodious Room, at the house late Milner's Tavern, opposite the Swan.
His Pupils are taught the English Language Gramatically; Writing in all the fashionable hands, Arithmetic in whole numbers, Fractions both Vulgar and Decimal, the Extraction of the Roots, &c. and Book-Keeping, after the Italian method, at two dollars per month and one dollar entrance.
The methods for the instruction of youth, are considered of the most material consequence, and merit the utmost attention of the teacher. Nothing should be represented to them as difficult, or forced on them as an arduous task; a constant attention should be had to their little difficulties, and they should be assisted in getting over them; thus instruction being represented in its most winning form, cannot fail to incite a generous emulation, by which alone the youthful mind is induced to exert itself. Nothing truly valuable can be obtained by a too great severity.
But while care is thus taken to inform the mind, the department of the body must by no means be neglected; the one should be an ornament to the other; and the most virtuous sentiments united to the politest behaviour, at least to so far render their manners easy to themselves and respectful to others; free from an awkward bashfulness, on the one hand and a rough, rude, low familiarity on the other.
The discipline of his school, and the support of that authority, so necessary to the support of concord and good order, is maintained not by inspiring a servile fear and dread, but by cultivating the effect of his pupils, by the arts of reason, advice and persuasion, and where these fail, by confinement from play, the imposition of a task, &c. Correction is the last resource, and never made use of but in cases of obstinacy or crimes of a vicious nature.
This plan is not the visionary theory of one unskilled in the art of teaching, but the result of nearly twenty years experience, and is what Mr. Wilbar will assiduously pursue.
FOR SALE, The Thorough Bred HORSE Montezuma,
IN high perfection, a beautiful dark bay, rising 16 hands, 15 hands one inch high. He was by the imported horse Shark, his dam by the imported horse Granby, his granddam by Old Janus, his great granddam was the dam of the noted running horse Brimmer, whose dam was got by Old Jolly Roger out of the imported mare Mary Gray.
THOMAS HARRIS, Jr. January 16th, 1799. N.B. If the above horse is not sold by the first of March, he will be let out to a stand.
Just Arrived, French Brandy, Country Wine, Spermaceti Candles, —Also, A few packages of Dry Goods, Consisting of Rose and Striped Blankets Coarse Cloths Dorants Duff Linens Brown Holland Writing and wrapping Paper. The above will be sold or bartered very reasonably.—Apply to M HUNT & CO. at Hez. L. Wight's. Richmond, February 1, 1799
THE SUBSCRIBER Intends on the first of December next, to commence business in the Auction & Commission
LINE, In the store in the town of Manchester, opposite Johnson's Ware-House, and lately occupied by Messrs. John Hendrick & Co. at which place Goods will be thankfully received.—Any business entrusted to his management will be strictly attended to, and the utmost punctuality observed.
WILLIAM BALL. Nov. 27, 1798.
This day is Published, And for sale at S. Pleasants Printing-Office Richmond, THE LETTERS OF CURTIUS, ADDRESSED TO General Marshall. January 4, 1799.
FOR SALE, The LAND
WHEREON I now live, lying in the county of Albemarle, containing 437 acres by an old survey. Well adapted to the culture of Tobacco, Wheat and Corn—Situat in a healthy, agreeable neighbourhood, within ten miles of its town of Warren—A large proportion of the above is Meadow Land, and but a small part cleared, which is entirely fresh. There is on the said land, a good Dwelling House with two rooms and a passage on a floor; a good Kitchen, and other necessary out-houses.—Also, a handsome well finished Garden, and a small orchard of excellent Fruit Trees, beginning to bear.—One-half of the purchase money will be expected down, and a credit of twelve months for the balance, on the purchasers giving bond with approved security.—Possession will be given the 1st of November next.
GEORGE WHARTON. February 7th, 1799. (6w11)
SEEDS.
Minton Collins,
RESPECTFULLY informs his Friends and the Public, that he has just received by the ship Juno Captain BAKER from London, a FRESH assortment of GARDEN SEEDS, and from the Northern States, a FRESH supply of GRASS SEEDS, which are warranted to be of the last year's growth. He has likewise a few cases well assorted for country stores, which he will sell whole sale, on reasonable terms, for CASH ONLY—
  Red and white Clover Seed,  Green Cucumber, Early and Late York Cabbage Seed,    Timothy & rye-grass do  Sugar Loaf and Battersea do    Saintfaine & Burzel, do  Green and Yellow Savoy    Red-Top-Graft, do  Large white winter and Scotch do    Hemp and Flax, do  Do. Ruffia and Madeira do    Rape and Canary, do  Green Borccole and red Pickling do    Early Frame, do  Frutels Sprouts do    Early Charlton do  Green and purple broccoli    and Early Het- spur do  White Cauliflower do    Dwarf Marrowfat, Spanish Morato and Large Egg do  Early and Late Cauliflower do    Large Windsor, Early Muffagon and white blossom Beans  White and green Cobs do    Early French (or snap) do  Lettuce do    White Arbour, do  Large Cabbage and Roman Lettuce do    White and Brown Mustard, do  Ice Lettuce and Grand Admiral do    Round and Prickly Spinage, do  White curled Indiv do    Early Salmon and short top Radish, do  Solid Celery, Thyme, Savory Pot Marjoram and Marygold, Red, Purple, White and Variegated Hyacinth Roots, Polianthus and Narcissus Roots, Glass Flower bottles, some flower pots, and beakers for Chimney Ornaments, Painted flower Pots and Red Garden do. &c. With a few best twisted sacks from 2 and 1 1/2 to 5 bushels each.    White, Turnip & large Winter, do  Feb. 11.    Curbed and winter Cress, Do Parley and Pepper grass, Red and Orange Carrot, Large Parsnip—Red Beet, Red and white Madeira Onion, Large London Leek, Do. Norfolk and Summer turnip, Salsafie and India Nasturtium, Green and white Asparagus, Early Frame and Long   
Poems and Compositions IN PROSE, BY WILLIAM MUNFORD,
Of the county of Mecklenburg, and state of Virginia;
ARE JUST PUBLISHED, AND FOR SALE
At the Printing Office of
SAMUEL PLEASANTS, Junior.
Price One Dollar.
COPIES of this work may be also had at Messrs. Prichard & Davidson's book-store, in Richmond; or Mr. William Prentis, printer, and Mr. John Grammer, post master, Petersburg.
THE subscriber will receive Proposal until Saturday the 23rd of March next, for furnishing at the place intended for the Public Manufactory of Arms, at the west end of the city of Richmond,
231,200 Cypress Shingles, of the best quality, 22 inches long, 4 inches wide, and 1 of an inch thick. Feb. 25. JOHN CLARKE.
FOR SALE, A tract of Land,
CONTAINING between eight and nine hundred acres, lying on James river, and adjoining the town of Manchester. About one hundred and fifty acres of this land is cleared and under good fences, the balance in wood and well timbered. The buildings are new, and fit for the reception of a small genteel family. Any one inclined to purchase, on application with the premises by either May. Osnadiah Smith or M. James Scott, who are empowered in my absence to contract for the same and make a title. Approved Bonds will be received in payment, and possession made agreeable to the purchaser.
WILLIAM SMITH. Chesterfield county, } October 16, 1798. }
J. Prosser & Wm. Moncure, Have connected themselves, to transact business in the Auction and Commission line, under the firm of Prosser & Moncure in the house lately occupied by Messrs. Hicks, CAMPBELL and CURRIE; at which place Goods will be thankfully received, and advances of cash made if required.—Any business entrusted to their management will be strictly attended to and the utmost punctuality observed. JOHN PROSSER. WILLIAM MONCURE. Richmond, 14th June, 1798.
FOR SALE, Two valuable Mulatto Male
SERVANTS, One of them has been brought up to waiting in a house, and is acquainted with his business—the other is also a house servant, and is besides, a very good driver.
—ALSO—
A middle aged Negro Fellow. The above Negroes having wives in Richmond, and being therefore unwilling to remove to the country with their present owner, they are sold to accommodate them, and not on account of any objections to their conduct.—For terms apply to PROSSER & MONCURE. Oct. 19, 1798. (tf)
Ten Dollars Reward.
RAN AWAY last night from the Subscriber at Manchester,
BILLY,
A likely mulatto fellow of a very light color, well made, has a large scar over and through his right eye brow, about five feet ten inches high and is two or three and twenty years old. He wore away a blue short coat and overalls nearly new; was formerly the property of Daniel Brodhead, jun. now living in Philadelphia; he may most likely attempt to get there, for which cause I most pointedly caution all masters of vessels against taking him or suffering him on board their vessels. Billy has lately lived in Goochland, where he has a wife, and he has a mother at or near Williamsburg. All the well disposed neighbors in the vicinity of either of those places are most earnestly solicited to assist me in obtaining my said negro, or his value, from which I will deduct ten dollars from the purchaser of Billy's choice, or ten dollars and costs to the person who may return him. LUMAN BISHOP. February 23, 1799.
Landing this day, from on board the Schooner FAVORITE, William W. Weymouth, Master, and for SALE by the Subscriber,
Old Cogniac Brandy in pipes, 4th proof Holland Gin in ditto, Connecticut Prime Pork—and Apple Brandy in bbls. & tierces.
The said Schooner with sail for New York in a few days—For Passage only, apply to the Captain on board.
GEORGE NICOLSON. Richmond, 25th Feb. 1799. (3)
PAPERS ACCOMPANYING THE LETTER FROM MR. GERRY, TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE. (CONTINUED.)
This group of facts presents such a tissue of incongruities and contradictions, that the mind is lost in it. One is at a loss to specify with precision the reproaches to be made to the American Envoys. But it is very evident that they have been most strangely deceived, if they did believe; and that they are most pernicious if they did not believe what they relate. [In the expression of these reproaches which escape from indignation, it is requisite to hasten to except Mr. Gerry, who doubtless may have been deceived both by the foreign intrigues, and perhaps also, by his very colleagues, but to whom no suspicion of bad faith or inuendo can attach.]
Now, what could be the secret motive which caused such feeble communications to be circulated with so much zeal? How then can they justify the pompous anticipation, by which the American people has been prepared to hear them? How can we conceive that it was hoped to render the farce more imposing by false and public prayers?
Doubtless a great object caused them to hazard the holding up as discoveries of the greatest importance, the incoherent prating of two intriguers, who were foreigners with respect to France. Perhaps it was supposed that the citizens of the United States would judge of the French government by these caricatures, and that the French government would be sensible to such a marked provocation. The effect of the outrage was calculated from the malignity of the intention, and not from the littleness of the means.
In one word, they flattered themselves with exciting indignation instead of pity. They wished for war, and they wished that induced France might declare it against a people whose cause she defended, and that it might be restored by her to the arms of England.
By that war, the British cabinet would gain an ally, would labour for its interest, second its projects upon the French and Spanish colonies, and retard the moment of its humiliation. By that war, too, the British government would accelerate the execution of a favourite plan of which it has never yet thought.
It is known, that since it despaired of returning to the triple crown, the States whose independence it was obliged to acknowledge, it aimed at least to prejudice them in favor of limited monarchy; that it endeavoured to fortify, by the similarity of constitutional forms, the habits common to the English and American people; and that it took care to keep for a long time one of the sons of George III. in the vicinity of the United States. Can it then be true, that to the disgrace of the human mind, many citizens of the United States should be found who are seriously reconciled to the English form of government? Can it then be true, that men, called by the public confidence to the head of the government of the United States, have written in favor of the British constitution, merely to prepare its adoption in their own country? Can it be true that a thirst for honours, greediness of wealth, and a desire of perpetuating power, have already ripened this conspiracy against liberty?
If this ought to be no longer considered as a suspicion, all is explained. War is necessary in order to raise troops and obtain supplies: an unnatural war against old friends, against brothers, against republicans, is more especially necessary. It is necessary that this war should excite civil commotions, shock every idea of morality, and rouse to resistance the true sons of America: and pretences will arise in abundance for legitimizing with sedition the honourable defenders of principles, and for substituting a monarchical in the room of a representative government.
It would be hereafter unnecessary to defend. Such are the criminal practices of the English cabinet. Such is the blind propensity of a government which it influences; and it is the French republic which sacrificed the blood and fortune of its citizens in the cause of liberty; it is the French republic that is obligated to strike the fatal blow! But superior to the influence of her recent events, she will be actuated by nothing but the happiness of the two republics, and she will appeal to the whole universe to judge of the sincerity of the dispositions which she has never ceased, and which she will never cease to manifest for living in peace with America.
P.S. It is of extreme importance to lay before the public, the letters written to Mr. Gerry, Envoy of the United States, by the Minister of Exterior Relations, as soon as this strange publication came to his knowledge; and it is of equal importance to know the answers given by Mr. Gerry. Both are
as follows. [See the preceding numbers 6, 7, 8, 10, 11.]
NOTE. The names were in fact sent to the minister, who immediately deposited them in the proper place.
[The following letter of the citizen, designated by the letter Z. it is not less essential to publish.]
13th Prairial, 6 year, (June 1, 1798.)
To the Minister of Exterior Relations.
Mr. Gerry having communicated to me the letter which you yesterday wrote to him, by which you expressly desired, that he may make known to you the persons meant by the letters W. X. Y. Z. in the correspondence of the American Envoys, printed in a public paper of the United States of America, dated 12th April (O. S.)
My sensibility must be much affected on finding myself under the letter Z. acting a part in company with certain intriguers, whose plan it doth less was to take advantage of the good faith of the American Envoys, and make them their dupes. Finding myself implicated in this affair, and wishing to remove my uneasiness respecting the disagreeable impressions and the consequence which the publication of your letter to Mr. Gerry might produce, I thought it my duty to hasten to you, and pray you, citizen minister, to be pleased to declare in writing, that in the conferences I had with those gentlemen, I pursued the communications which you authorized me to make to them in the manner I shall state below.
In the beginning of last Brumaire (October 22, 1797) having been to pay my respects to the citizen minister of Exterior Relations, and the conversation turning upon the United States of America, he expressed to me his surprise, that none of the Americans and especially the new Envoys, ever came to his house; that this was not the way to open a negotiation, the success of which they had more reason than we to wish; that he would receive them individually with great pleasure and particularly Mr. Gerry, whom he had known at Boston. Knowing my friendly connections with Mr. Gerry, he charged me to impart to them what he had said. I accordingly waited on Mr. Gerry, who having sent for his colleagues, I communicated to them the conversation I had with the citizen minister.
Messrs. Pinckney and Marshall declined waiting upon the Minister upon the ground of ceremony; but as the same reason did not apply to Mr. Gerry, it was agreed that he should go the next day, and that I should accompany him. Mr. Gerry at that time not being able to express himself in French. The next day he went, but not finding the minister at home, Mr. Gerry requested him to appoint a time for an interview, which was fixed for a few days after. We attended accordingly, and after the usual compliments, Mr. Gerry having expressed to the minister his desire to see harmony and good understanding re-established between the two republics, the minister answered him that the Directory had made a determination not to treat with them, unless they previously made reparation for some parts of the President's speech at the opening of Congress, and gave an explanation of some others; that he could not delay but for a few days, communicating this determination officially to them, that until then if they had any propositions to make, which could be a receivable to the Directory, he would communicate them with alacrity: that considering the circumstances, and the services of the same kind which France had formerly rendered to the United States, the best way would be for them to offer to make a loan to France, either by taking Batavian inscriptions for the sum of 15 or 16 millions of florins, or in some other manner. Mr. Gerry after having replied in a polite, but evasive manner, to the first article, added on the subject of the loan, that their powers did not extend so far, but that he would confer with his colleagues upon the subject. It is to be observed that as the minister spoke nothing but French, I repeated in English to Mr. Gerry and his colleagues what he had said to us. Accordingly I repeated to Messrs. Pinckney and Marshall, in the presence of Mr. Gerry, the conversation which we had had with the minister.
A few days after Mr. Gerry requested me to accompany him again on a visit to the minister, and having repeated to him the extreme desire he felt to see the most perfect union re-established between the two nations, he referred to the insufficiency of their powers, and proposed in the name of his colleagues and himself, that one of them should immediately depart for America with the propositions which the French government might make. The minister answered that it would require six months to have an answer, and that it was of importance to have a speedy determination; that he was extremely desirous to have frequent communications with them individually and amicably. This course appearing to him to be the best adapted to come at the issue of a speedy new

geation, he therefore lamented that he had yet had no communication with him.
Such, citizen minister, as far as my memory serves me, are the particulars of the only two conferences at which I was present. I shall add that no person has had a greater desire than myself to see the negotiation succeed.
Health and respect, (Signed) I. HAUTEVAL.
Mr. Skipwith's Communications To the Secretary of State of the United States of America.
SIR,
I have the honor to send you enclosed, the official copy of an Arrest of the Executive Directory of the French Republic, concerning the French privateers in the West-Indies, which was transmitted to me by the French minister of Foreign Affairs.
I have the honor to be
Sir,
Your most obedient humble servant, FULWAR SKIPWITH. Paris, August 4th, 1798. Hon. Col. Timothy Pickering, Secretary of State of the United States.
Paris, 4th August, 1798.
SIR,
Having had the honor of transmitting to you, three official copies of the Arrest of the Directory, of the 13th Thermidor, concerning their privateers in the West-Indies, the present is merely to enclose you a copy of a letter which I yesterday received from the minister of Foreign Relations, on the subject of that Arrest.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most humble servant, FULWAR SKIPWITH. The Secretary of State.
31th July, 1798. The arrests here referred to.
(TRANSLATION.)
Paris 19th Thermidor, 6th year of the French Republic. (Aug. 6, 1798.)
The Minister of Exterior Relations, to Citizen Skipwith, Consul-General of the United States of America.
Citizen,
You will have seen in No 961, of the Redacteur, a copy of a decree made by the Directory, in order to cause the privateers to return within the rules and limits whence they ought never to have departed.
By this measure Foreign powers will be convinced that the Executive Directory, when informed of the abuses which may be directed against them, takes every pains to stop them, and to prevent their return.
You will doubtless see in the intention and acts of the Directory, cause for feeling a security with respect to the commerce of your fellow-citizens, so long as it shall be confined within just bounds.
I wish, citizen, that for the good of the two countries, the conduct of the Federal Government may correspond with that of the Directory. In this supposition, the friendly relations of the two people would be soon re-established.
(Signed)
CH. MAU, TALLEYRAND.
(To be concluded in our next.)
FROM THE AURORA.
LETTER V.
TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.
THAT the real meaning of the words "freedom of the press," has been ascertained by the foregoing remarks, will appear still more clearly, if possible, from the absurdity of those constructions which have been given by the advocates of the sedition bill.
The construction clearly held out in the bill itself, is, that it does not extend to the privilege of printing facts, that are false. This construction cannot be correct. It plainly supposes that "freedom," extends only as far as the power of doing what is morally right. If, then, the freedom of the press can be restrained to the publication of facts, it follows, inevitably, that it may also be restrained to the publication of true opinions. There is truth in opinion, as well as in fact. Error in opinion may do as much harm, as falsity in fact: it may be as morally wrong, and it may be propagated from motives as malicious. It may do more harm, because the refutation of an opinion which is erroneous, is more difficult than the contradiction of a fact which is false. But the power of controlling opinions has never yet been claimed; yet it is manifest that the same construction, which warrants a control in matters of fact, does the same as to matters of opinion. In addition to this, it ought to be remarked, that the difficulty of distinguishing in many cases between fact and opinion, is extremely great, and that no kind of criterion is furnished by the law under consideration. Of this more, perhaps, will be said hereafter.
Again, if the congressional construction be right, if the freedom of the press consists in the full enjoyment of the privilege of printing facts that are true, it will be fair to read the amendment, without the words really used, after substituting those said by Congress to have the same import. The clause will then stand thus: "Congress shall make no law abridging the right
of the press, to publish facts that are true!" If this was the real meaning of Congress, and the several states, when they spoke in the state constitutions, and in the amendment of the "freedom of the press," the very great solicitude on this subject displayed throughout the continent, was most irrational and absurd. If this was their meaning, the "palladium" of liberty is indeed a "wooden statue," and the bulwark of freedom is indeed a despicable fortification of paper. The officers of the government would have a right to invade this fortification, and to make prisoners of the garrison, whenever they thought that there was a failure in the duty of publishing only the truth, of which false persons chosen by the government are to judge. This is too absurd even for ridicule.
That such was not the meaning of the convention of Virginia is manifest. They solemnly protest against any kind of legislative control, and declare, that the freedom of the press is not to be restrained or modified by any law whatever.
This venerable and enlightened assembly had too much wisdom to avow a meaning, so totally incompatible with the real object of their wishes. They knew that there never was a government in the world, however despotic, that dared to avow a design to suppress the truth: they knew that the most corrupt and profligate administrations, that ever brought wretchedness and oppression upon a happy and free people, speak in their public acts the language of patriotism and virtue only, and that, although their real object is to stop inquiry, and to terrify truth into silence, the vengeance of the law appears to be directed against falsehood and malice only: in fact, they know, that there are many truths, important to society, which are not susceptible of that full, direct, and positive evidence, which can alone be exhibited before a court and jury.
That men might be, and often would be, deterred from speaking truths, which they could prove, unless they were absolutely protected from the trouble, disgrace, losses, and expense of a prosecution.
That in the violence of party spirit which government knows too well how to produce, and to inflame evidence the most conclusive, might be rejected, and that juries might be packed, "who would find Abel guilty of the murder of Cain."
That nothing tends more to irritate the minds of men, and disturb the peace of society, than prosecutions of a political nature, which like prosecutions in religion, increase the evils, they were, perhaps, intended to remove.
They knew that the licentiousness of the press, though an evil, was a less evil than that resulting from any law to restrain it, upon the same principle that the most enlightened part of the world is at length convinced, that the evils arising from the toleration of heresy and atheism, are less, infinitely less, than the evils of persecution.
That the spirit of inquiry and discussion, was of the utmost importance in every free country, and could be preferred only by giving it absolute protection, even in its excesses.
That truth was always equal to the task of combating falsehood without the aid of government; because in most instances it has defeated falsehood, backed by all the power of government.
That truth cannot be impressed upon the human mind by powers, with which, therefore, it disdains an alliance, but by reason and evidence only.
They know the sublime precept inculcated by the act establishing religious freedom, that "where discussion is free, error ceases to be dangerous;" and, therefore, they wisely aimed at the total exclusion of all Congressional jurisdiction.
But, it has been said, to state the freedom of the press, consists not in the privilege of printing truth; but in an exemption from previous restraint, and as the sedition bill imposes no previous restraint, it does not abridge the freedom of the press. This per se remark is borrowed from Blackstone and De Lolme, and is gravely repeated, by those who are weak enough to take opinions upon trust.
If these writers meant to state what the law was understood to be in England, they are correct. Even if they meant to state what the law ought to be in England, perhaps they are still correct; because it is extremely probable, that a press absolutely free, would in the short course of one year "humble in the dust and ashes" the "stupendous fabric" of the British government. But this definition does not defer to be transplanted into America. In Britain, a legislative control over the press, is, perhaps essential to the preservation of the "present order of things;" but it does not follow, that such control is essential here. In Britain, a vast standing army is necessary to keep the people in peace, and the monarch on his throne; but it does not follow that the tranquility of America, or the personal safety of the President, would be promoted by a similar institution.
A single remark will be sufficient to expose the extreme fallacy of the idea, when applied to the constitution of the United States. If the freedom of the press consists in an exemption from previous restraint, Congress may, without injury to the freedom of the press, punish with death any thing actually published, which a political inquisition may choose to condemn.
But on what ground is this British doctrine about the freedom of the press introduced here? In Britain, the parliament is acknowledged to be omnipotent. It has exercised this omnipotence, and converted
three years into seven years. In Britain there is no constitution, no limitation of legislative power; but in America, there is a constitution, the power of the legislature is limited, and the object of one limitation is to secure the freedom of the press.
If this doctrine is avowed here, under the idea that the common law of England is in force in the United States, even this idea will be of no avail. The common law knows nothing of printing, or the liberty of the press. The art of printing was not discovered, until towards the close of the 14th century. It was at first in England, a subject of star-chamber jurisdiction, and afterwards put under a licence by statute. This statute expired just before the commencement of the present century. Before this event, the rights of the press, were at the mercy of a single individual. There can be no common law, no immemorial usage or custom concerning a thing of so modern a date.
The freedom of the press, therefore, means the total exemption of the press from any kind of legislative control, and consequently the sedition bill, which is an act of legislative control, and an abridgment of its liberty, and expressly forbidden by the constitution. Which was to be demonstrated.
In the foregoing pages, I have kept clear of authorities and quotations, even when expressly in point. These can be resorted to without my help. I do not concern the opinions of others; but discussion is endless, where authorities are relied on. I have kept clear too, of personal remarks. These would have been justified by the manners of the times, and to many, would have been more acceptable than argument itself. But the influence of truth is not aided by invective and reproach. I have addressed myself therefore to the understanding only; and I hope, that the sacred cause of liberty and truth, if not promoted by the arguments, has not been disgraced by the temper or language of
HORTENSIUS.
Virginia, January 1799.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Thursday, February 14.
Mr. Livingston called up for consideration the resolution which he yesterday laid upon the table, calling upon the President for any information which he may possess touching the suspension of the French arrest, declaring neutral citizens pirates, when found on board the vessels of belligerent powers, which being read,
Mr. Livingston called the yeas and nays upon it. He said he understood, that since yesterday, a member of this house had applied at the office of the secretary of state, and been informed that some information had been received relative to this subject. Perhaps the gentleman would himself state to the house, what he had learnt from that office.
Mr. Harper said he had only to state, that he had made enquiry at the office of the secretary of state, and had been informed that a letter had been received from our minister in London, inclosing an extract from the Redacteur, (supposed to be an official French paper) stating that the executive directory had suspended the edict in question. This extract, he understood, does not state the reason of this suspension; but our minister writes, that it was owing to a threat of the British government, to retaliate upon French citizens within their power.
The yeas and nays were taken as follows:
YEAS. Messrs. Allen, Baer, Baldwin, Bard, Bayard, Brown, Bullock, Cabell, Chapman, Claiborne, W. Claiborne, Clay, Clopton, Dawson, Eggleston, Elmore, Findley, Fowler, N. Freeman, Gallatin, Gillespie, Gregg, Grave, Hanna, Harper, Harrison, Havens, Heister, Holmes, Livingston, Locke, Mason, Matthews, McClenaghan, McDowell, New, Nicholas, J. Parker, Pinckney, Schureman, Skinner, S. Smith, W. Smith, Sprigg, Sprigg, Stanford, Sumpter, A. Trigg, J. Trigg, Varnum, Venable, R. Williams—52.
NAYS. Messrs. Bartlett, Brace, Brooks, Champlin, Cochran, Craik, Dana, Dennis, Dent, Edmond, Evans, A. Foster, D. Foster, J. Freeman, Glen, Goodrich, Gordon, Griswold, Hindman, Holmer, Imlay, Kittera, Lyman, Machir, Morris, Otis, I. Parker, Reed, Rutledge, Sewall, Sinnickson, N. Smith, Sprague, Thatcher, Thomas, Tillinghast, Wain, J. Williams—38.
The resolution having been agreed to, Messrs. Livingston & Harper were appointed a committee to wait upon the President thereon.
Saturday Feb. 16. A communication was received from the Treasury Department, inclosing a letter from the Comptroller of the Treasury relative to the compensation allowed to officers employed in the collection of duties on imports and tonnage.
Also, a report from the Secretary of the Treasury, on the petition of sundry inhabitants of the district of Maine, praying for the erection of a monument on Boone island. The report was in favor of the erection.
Both reports were ordered to be printed, and the last was referred to the committee of commerce.
The president of the United States informed the house, by his Secretary, that he has approved and signed an act respecting bal-
ces due from certain states to the United States. And the Senate informed the house that the President had also approved and signed a bill which originated there, for the relief of Thomas Lewis.
A bill from the Senate, for forming a Supreme Court in the territory North West of the river Ohio, was read and committed.
On motion of Mr. Gregg, the house went into a committee of the whole on the bill authorizing the discharge of Robert Sturgeon from his present confinement. The bill was agreed to without amendment or debate, and ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.
The house took up the report from the committee of the whole on yesterday, on the bill to regulate the compensation of Marshals, Attorneys, Jurors and Witnesses, and having agreed to the amendments the bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.
Monday, Feb. 18.
The bill authorizing the discharge of Robert Sturgeon from his confinement, and
The bill providing for the compensation of Marshals, Clerks, Attorneys, Jurors & Witnesses, in the courts of the United States, for repealing such parts of the former law as are therein mentioned, and for other purposes, were read the third time and passed.
A bill from the Senate making an appropriation for defraying the expenses, which may arise in carrying into effect certain treaties with tribes or nations of Indians, was read and committed.
Mr. Allen believed, from what appeared on the discussion of the bill on Saturday for augmenting the salaries of certain officers, of the United States, that there is a majority of this house in favour of advancing the salaries of some of the principal officers of the government, he believed the principal difference in opinion was as to the rate of this advance. In order to bring the subject again before the house, he proposed a resolution for augmenting the salaries of the following officers, viz. the Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of War, Secretary of the Navy, and the Assistant Postmaster General.
Mr. D. Foster moved to refer this resolution to a committee of the whole, but this being objected to by Mr. McDowell, it was ordered to lie on the table.
The house went into a committee of the whole on the bill for amending the law providing for the sale of Land north-west of the river Ohio; when after some discussion, and several amendments, a motion was made by Mr. Craik for the committee to rise with a view of postponing the farther consideration of it, till the next session. This motion was carried, and the bill was postponed accordingly.
On motion of Mr. Harper, the house went into a committee of the whole, on the bill to regulate and fix the compensation of Clerks; and after introducing some amendments, the two principal of which were to allow the Postmaster General 4250 dollars for clerk hire, and an additional clerk of 800 dollars salary to the war office, the bill was agreed to, and ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.
A bill from the Senate making compensation to James Matthews, for his services and expenses as sergeant at arms of the Senate, during the recess was read and committed, as was also
A bill from the Senate giving eventual authority to the President of the U. States to augment the army. This bill gives the President authority, in case a war shall break out between the U. States and any foreign power, or in case of imminent danger of such war, in his opinion to call, to organize and raise 24 regiments of infantry, one regiment of officers, and three regiments of cavalry. The President is also authorized to call out the volunteer corps, on all occasions in which he is at present, authorized to call out the militia, provided that he does not call a greater proportion from any one state, than he is authorized to call out of the Militia, by the law which directs the 80,000 militia to be held in readiness. If it be necessary to carry this law into effect, two millions of dollars are appropriated for the purpose.
On the question for reading this bill a second time, it was carried 45 to 37.
On motion of Mr. Otis, the house went into a committee of the whole, Mr. Rutledge in the chair, on the bill encouraging the capture of French armed vessels, by armed ships or vessels, owned by a citizen or citizens of the U. States, and for allowing salvage on certain cases. The bill, which proposes a bounty on guns, according to their sizes, having been read,
Mr. McDowell moved to strike out the first section; which being put, it appeared there were for the motion 43, against it 42, and the chairman said, "It is carried," but immediately recollecting that by his negative vote, he might have tied the question, he declared himself in the negative. Having, however, previously declared the question carried, after some conversation on the point of order, the decision was declared binding.
A motion was then made for the committee to rise, which was negatived 48 to 25.
The bill was then gone through, and the committee having risen,
Mr. Nicholas called the Yeas and Nays upon it.
Mr. S. Smith asked for information as to the object of this bill, and was answered by Messrs. Champlin and Otis; when
Mr. J. Parker said, he should have voted for this bill; but he had just received information which led him to believe there will be no occasion for it, which was "That the President of the U. States had this day nominated a Minister to go to France."
Mr. Rutledge moved an adjournment, which was negatived 48 to 42.
After some observations from Messrs. Rutledge, Goodrich and Otis, in favor of the bill, and of S. Smith against it, the motion of an adjournment was renewed by Mr. Otis, and carried 49 to 47.
Tuesday, February 19.
In consequence of the indisposition of the Speaker, the House adjourned until to-morrow at 11 o'clock.
NEW-YORK, February 15.
Legislature of New-York.
Friday, February 8.
The resolutions from the Legislature of New Hampshire, respecting amendments to the federal constitution passed the Senate, Messrs. J. Hommedieu, T. Morris, I. Schenck, Tawpew, and T. Johnson only voting in the negative.
PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 16.
A judicious writer in the New-York Argus says—"The letters of Hortensius may be from the pen of Curtius ; or, if Curtius is not Hortensius , they are contemporaries in virtue and talents. Nothing can exceed the exultation of an honest heart, on the reading of such letters; and the man that could dignify the authors with base designs must be a monster foul indeed."
While we deplore the loss of that accomplished young man whose letters under the signature of Curtius have exalted the classical character of our country and that he is no more; we with pleasure announce that the letters of Hortensius are not the productions of the same pen, though distinguished no less by simple elegance and lucid the precise demonstration—we have the pleasure to add, that the author of the Letters of Hortensius "lives a prosperous gentleman" in his native State of Virginia.
February 18.
The following is the Message received from the President of the United States on Friday, and noticed in our paper of Saturday.
Gentlemen of the House of Representatives. IN pursuance of the request of your resolve of yesterday I lay before you such information as I have received touching a suspension of the arrest of the French republic communicated to your House by my message of the 28th of January last. But if the execution of that arrest be suspended, or even if it were repealed, it should be remembered that the arrest of the executive directory of the 2d of March, 1797, remains in force, the third article of which subjects explicitly and exclusively American seamen to be treated as pirates, if found on board ships of the enemies of France.
JOHN ADAMS.
United States, Feb. 15, 1799.
February 19.
Legislature of Massachusetts.
BOSTON, FEB. 11.
In the Senate, on Friday last, the committee to whom was referred the report of the joint committee, in answer to the disorganizing resolutions of Virginia and Kentucky, made their report, which contained additional reasons in support of the constitutionality of the alien and sedition laws of the United States. These reasons were adopted by way of amendment to the original report, and upon the question "Shall the original report pass, as now amended?" The Yeas and Nays were as follows:
YEAS. Hon. Messrs. Philips, Bridge, Sexton, Fowler, Dae, Thomson, Campbell, Bell, Thayer, T. Davis, Reed, B. D. Lord, Fellow, Towne, Jones, Hayward, D. Lord, Davis, Dwight, Norris, Bingham, Thatcher, Hunt, Traft, Bigelow, Hale, Dummer, and Coffin.
NAYS. Messrs. Bacon and Wells. In justice to the Hon. Mr. Wells, it must be observed, that he was not opposed to the spirit of the measure; but objected to the following sentence, in the report.
"This legislature are per-ruaded that the decision of all cases arising under the constitution of the United States, and the construction of the constitution, and of all laws made in pursuance thereof, are exclusively vested by the people in the judicial courts of the United States."
On Saturday it was moved to re-consider the report, and the subsequent amendment of the above sentence was proposed, viz.
"That this legislature are per-ruaded that the decision of all cases in law and equity, arising under the Constitution of the United States, and the construction of all laws made, in pursuance thereof are exclusively vested by the people in the judicial courts of the United States."
With this amendment, the question was again called, and passed, with but one dissentient—Mr. Bacon standing alone in the negative.
Coleman's new Comedy of the Heir at Law, was performed last night to one of the most numerous and brilliant audiences that has been witnessed at this Theatre for some years. It was received in every scene, either with much hearty laughter, or with such loud applause, as the action excited each, that it cannot fail to continue the greatest favorite the modern school has produced.
NEWARK, February 19.
We learn from Trenton, that in joint meeting of both houses of the Legislature on Thursday and Friday last, the following Appointments were made, viz. James Schureman, Senator in Congress, in the room of

Mr. Rutherford, resigned. Mr. Schureman had 26, and Doctor Henderson 24 votes.
On Saturday the 9th instant, expired the time for which Col. Matthew Lyon was sentenced to imprisonment. Whether it is his intention to repair to Congress and take his seat this session, is yet unknown, as we have not received any accounts respecting his intentions.
TRENTON, February 11.
Legislature of New-Jersey.
Friday, February 1.
The following Communication was received from the Legislature of New Hampshire, and submitted to the House of Assembly on Tuesday last, read and committed to a committee of the whole House, to sit to-morrow.
State of New-Hampshire.
In the House of Representatives, December 26th, 1798.
RESOLVED, That the Senators and Representatives of this State, and they hereby are requested to use their best endeavours, that Congress propose to the legislatures of the several states, the following amendments to the constitution of the United States, viz.
That the electors of President and Vice-President in giving in their votes, shall respectively distinguish the person whom they desire to be President, from the one whom they desire to be Vice-President, by annexing the words President or Vice-President, as the case may require, to the proper name voted for. And the person having the greatest number of votes for Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors chosen, shall be Vice-President. And if there be no choice, and two or more persons shall have the highest number of votes, and those equal, the Senate shall immediately choose by ballot, one of them for Vice-President. And if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list, the Senate shall, in like manner, choose the Vice-President. But in choosing the Vice-President, the votes shall be taken by states, the Senators from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And in case the Senators and Representatives of this state, in congress, shall find that the aforesaid amendment is not conformable to the sentiments of a constitutional majority of both branches of the national legislature, they are hereby requested to modify the same, as to meet the sentiments of such majority. Provided however, that any amendment which may be agreed upon, shall oblige the electors to designate the person they desire to be President, from the one whom they desire may be vice president.
Resolved further, That his excellency the governor be, and he hereby is requested to communicate the foregoing resolve to the supreme executive of the several states, and also to transmit the same to the senators and representatives in congress.
February 13.
On Tuesday last, in the house of Assembly of this State, the resolution of the legislature of New Hampshire, proposing to amend the Federal constitution, so that the votes for President and Vice-President may be designated on the ticket, was taken up, and after some time spent thereon, it was finally agreed that the further consideration thereof be postponed till the next sitting of the legislature.
NORFOLK, Feb. 21.
CAPTURE OF LEGHORN.
Extract from a notification drawn up by the commander of a garrison of Leghorn, in consequence of a summons sent on shore by the commander of the English and Portuguese fleet.
"The illustrious Jacob Lavilette, major general of the troops of Ferdinand III. Grand Duke of Tuscany, notices and makes known, that there appeared in the road of Leghorn a squadron composed of English and Portuguese ships of war, having on board a considerable number of troops for landing, belonging to his Sicilian Majesty, the commander of which required of the governor of Leghorn that he would permit their landing; menacing at the same time, in case of refusal to effect it by force. The General Major commandant of the place, the civil authorities, and a deputation of the houses of Commerce assembled to deliberate on the summons of the commander of the said squadron, and being sensible of the superiority of their forces, the imminence of the garrison, and the impossibility of defending the port, resolved immediately to allow the said troops to disembark, under the express condition of respecting the neutrality of the port of 'Tuscany'."
Admiral Nelson has declared all the ports of the Ligurian Republic to be in a state of blockade; and that all Ligurian vessels taken by the ships of the coalised Powers shall be deemed good and lawful prizes.
The Genoese are suffering very severely by the pillage of the French by land. On the 11th inst. citizen Faypoult, the French Minister at Genoa, laid the city under a contribution of 800,000 livres, for the use of the French army.
A Council of all the Cabinet Ministers was on Saturday held at Lord Grenville's Office; the meeting, which it is said related to the important intelligence of the Neapolitan troops having entered Rome, lasted from half past 12 till 3 o'clock.
According to the last report from France, the Neopolitans are already in possession of Rome. Though better evidence of this event is wanting, it does not by any means surpise belief. The distance from the frontier to the old capital of the world is not much more than 40 English miles; Valletta is the only place of any strength on the way; and the country, particularly about Rome, opposes no great obstacles to an invader. The Neapolitan army might also expect its march to be facilitated by the assistance of the insurgents in the department of Ancona, who lately shed their blood to free it, while endeavouring to prove religious fervour a match for Republican enthusiasm.
The Dublin mails of the 18th and 19th inst. came to hand yesterday. The subject of the proposed union seems entirely to engross the attention of the people of that country. The merchants and bankers of the Metropolis, and several other respectable bodies, following the example of the corporation, and gentlemen of the bar, have entered into resolutions highly disapproving of the plan.
Rear-Admiral Pazely is, we understand, to be appointed to the command on the American station, in the room of Vice-Admiral Van-Put.
It is now supposed that the report which we have had for some days of the total destruction of Malta, is premature, as the dispatches relating to that event, if it had taken place, were expected to have been received by the Latona frigate. It is supposed that the report arose from the Gaza of Malta having been taken; but a speedy reduction of the whole force, scarcely a doubt is entertained.
RICHMOND:
FRIDAY, MARCH 1.
From the VIRGINIA GAZETTES.
The 22d of February.
This being the anniversary of the Birth Day of the illustrious GENERAL WASHINGTON, the morning was ushered in by several discharges of cannon, which were occasionally repeated throughout the day.
The troops of cavalry and other corps paraded about ten o'clock and performed evolutions suited to the occasion.
In the afternoon a numerous collection of gentlemen (amongst whom were several officers of the old continental army) the Governor and several of the members of the Council met together at the Swan tavern, in order to celebrate the return of the auspicious day, which gave to America the rare instance of a man pre-eminent as well in conducting armies as presiding over the administration of civil government.
At 4 o'clock the company sat down to a sumptuous dinner, at which Colonel Harvey presided as president, and Col. Carrington as vice-president of the entertainment, when the following toasts were drank.
 1. Lieutenant General Washington, whose birth we celebrate—His wisdom in the cabinet, prowess in the field, and attachment to his country, are sure supporters to American freedom.  2. The constitution of the United States—May the people, who formed, be ever ready to vindicate and support it, as well against foreign intrigue as domestic factions.  3. The people of the United States—May they always distinguish between real liberty and senseless anarchy.  4. John Adams, President of the United States—May he long continue to be "the rock whereon the storm must beat."  5. The Congress of the United States—May its majority continue to be what it hath been, devoted to the interest, freedom, and happiness of our country.  6. The military force of the United States—May it evince the same spirit which animated that of '76, and which surrounding dangers did not appal, nor hostile foes or domestic traitors dismay.  7. The youthful navy of the United States—May it soon grow into manhood and become the bulwark of American independence.  8. The state of Virginia—May the spirit of dismemberment which has been evinced cease to exist; and may a cordial co-operation with the general government prove a safe reliance for national defence.  9. To the memory of those departed heroes, who fell in defence of American liberty—If their spirits be permitted to revisit this terrestrial Globe, may they have no reason to blush for their polity.  10. Major General Pinckney—May he resist the armies of France, with as much success in the field, as he did the diplomatic skill of her minister in the cabinet.  11. The four secretaries of the United States—May their virtuous labour still continue to reflect lustre upon the department.  12. Charles Lee, Attorney General of the United States—May his eminent virtues and talents prove a retribution to traitors and a security to patriots.  13. Patrick Henry—Who watched the rights and honor of his country in former times—May he not be unmindful of them at the present critical period.  14. The agriculture and commerce of the United States—May they continue to flourish; and maintain the navy which shields them from aggression.  15. To self-created envoys their just reward—A Haltar.  16. The fair daughters of Columbia—May they hold those estimable only, who protect them by faithfully defending their country's honor. 
VOLUNTEERS.
General Marshall—whose patriotic spirit was dreaded by a nation of politicians and against whose abilities it was unwilling to hazard its diplomatic skill.
The Governor, and Commonwealth. George Keith Taylor.
During which the utmost good humour, order, and decency prevailed. Whilst all who were present, united in testifying their esteem and approbation of the man who had so largely contributed both in the field and in the cabinet, to promote and establish the liberty and happiness of his country; and who, at that period when others, tired of
the cares and anxieties of public life, retire to enjoy the sweets of domestic tranquility, or their own vines and their own fig trees, has again consented to put himself at the head of the public affairs; and if occasion shall require it, once more to lead them to victory and to triumph. Thus giving to all future generations a bright example of a genuine patriot, cheerfully relinquishing, even in old age, the comforts and repose of retirement, in order to encounter the hardships and perils of war, for the sake of preserving the honor, safety and welfare of his country.
On the same evening an elegant ball was given at the Eagle Tavern—at which a brilliant assemblage of ladies and gentlemen were present, who vied with each other in showing respect for the venerable Hero, who has come forward again to fight the battles of his country, and to maintain her independence at the point of the sword. Immortal chief, in whom are found combined, "A love of country," "freedom and mankind;" "Go forth, and virtue ever in your fight;" "Shall be your guide by day, your guard by night;" "Go forth the champion of your native land," "And may the battle prosper in your hand."
From Claypoole's American Daily Advertiser of the 19th ult.
From the Proceedings yesterday, in the House of Representatives of the United States it appears that the President has nominated a Minister to treat with the French Republic. This circumstance was mentioned in the House by Col. PARKER, and given as his reason for voting against the bill then under consideration, for encouraging the capture of French vessels. We understand the gentleman nominated to this important mission is Mr. MURRAY, our present Minister to the Batavian Republic.
From the Philadelphia Gazette. Our readers will perceive in the proceedings of the House of Representatives yesterday, an assertion by Mr. Parker, that he was informed by a member of the Senate, that the President had nominated a new minister to France. We have it in our power to state that the President yesterday sent a message to the Senate, in which he informed that body, that it had been and still was his determination to adhere to his former declaration of not sending another minister to France, unless he had assurances of his being received as became the Representative of a Great, Free, Powerful, and Independent Nation; but that as he had now received those assurances from the French minister, through Mr. Vans Murray, our minister at the Hague, he had nominated that gentleman on the part of the United States. The President further informed his message, that his instructions to Mr. Murray should be, not to leave Holland until he received unequivocal assurances that he would be properly received, and that a minister equal in dignity was appointed on the part of the directory to settle the existing differences and conclude a treaty.
The Following are the papers accompanying Desfournaux's letter to the President.
[Translation.] LIBERTY. EQUALITY. Extract from the register of the resolutions of the executive Directory.
Paris, 13th Thermidor, 6th year of the French republic, one and indivisible. The executive directory heard the report of the minister of marine, and of the colonies, considering that the information lately received from the French colonies, and the continent of America, does not admit of their doubting that the French officers, or others, who shall themselves be guilty of infringing the laws of the republic, respecting cruisers and prizes.
Considering that foreigners and pirates have abused the privileges granted at Cayenne, and in the Antilles to privateers and letters of marque, to cover with a French flag their depredations and their violations of that respect which is due, as well to the rights of man, as to the persons and property of allies and neutral powers, do decree; First, In future no letter of marque, authorization or permission, to arm her as privateers or letter of marque, shall be granted in the colonies of America by any except the particular agents of the directory themselves who shall not delegate this right to any person, and shall not use it but in favor of those, whose principles and property shall be well known to them, and who shall be bound to conform themselves to all the laws respecting cruisers and prizes, and especially to that of the 1st of October 1793, old style.
Second, All letters of marque, authorizations, and permissions granted in the American colonies by the particular agents of the executive directory, and all other agents civil and military under their orders, to arm either as privateers or as letters of marque, shall be considered as null and void after the thirtieth day following the day of the publication of the present decree in the said colonies.
Third, Every agent or other delegate to the possession of neutral powers, refusing there to judge of the validity of prizes made by French cruisers and who shall be suspected of having any interest, direct or indirect, in privateers or letters of marque, shall be immediately recalled.
Fourth, The particular agents of the executive directory at Cayenne, St. Domingue, Guadalupe, will diligently take care of the interests and property of vessels of neutral powers and allies, and cause them to be scrupulously respected. And in no case shall they interfere with and take their cargoes without their consent, and the full and entire satisfaction of both contracting parties.
Fifth, The said particular agents of the executive directory, the commanders of all vessels of the republic, the consuls, vice consuls and others, invested with powers in this respect, shall arrest and punish, conformably to the laws, all those who shall contravene the orders of the present decree, which shall be printed in the report of the laws and the minister of exterior relations, of the marine and of the colonies shall be charged with the execution thereof.
For an exact copy. For the president of the executive directory, signed MERLIN. By the executive directory, For the secretary general, signed TREILHARD.
From an exact copy, signed E. BRUX.
For an exact copy, signed DESFOURNEAUX.
Extract from the Register of the Agency of the Executive Directory to Guadalupe, and its dependencies.
The particular agent of the executive directory to Guadalupe and its dependencies, decrees as follows: The decree of the executive directory of the 13th Thermidor, 6th year, above written, shall be sent to all the administrations of Guadalupe and its dependencies, to the tribunal of commerce and of prizes, and to all the commanders of the ships of the republic, being in the ports or harbors of the said colony, and its dependencies, to be there read, transferred upon the registers, published and put up every where that is requisite, and particularly to be read to the sailors.
Done at Basse-Terre, in the National house, the 22d Frimaire, seventh year of the French republic, one and indivisible. (Signed) DESFOURNEAUX. By the agent of the executive directory. (Signed) DESCHAMPS. Private secretary general. For an exact copy, (Signed) DESCHAMPS.
Done in this city, on Wednesday last, Mr. JOHN TUCKER, of the Land-Office.
BY LAST NIGHT'S MAIL.
NEW-YORK, February 20. A resolution has passed the legislature of New-York, 50 to 39, to the following effect: that the people should elect in districts, the Electors of President and Vice-President, instead of a Committee appointed by both houses of the legislature, as heretofore.
PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 20. Whatever sentiments men may entertain of the President's attachments to English modes of government or to English connections, every one must applaud his appointment of Mr. MURRAY to go to Paris. It is satisfactory too to find that Mr. Gerry's assurances, and Dr. Logan's assurances, of a sincere pacific disposition in France towards us, is confirmed by the President himself—notwithstanding that injudicious and violent production of Mr. Pickering, presented to Congress.
Mr. BUNELL, Toussaint's agent, (not Bruneel as before published by mistake) continues till in town, and has succeeded so far in his negotiations, that a gentleman has been nominated to go from hence as our Consul general to St. Domingo.
It is to be presumed that Mr. Bunell is an authorized agent else the negotiation with him would be too absurd to be compatible with the appointment of Mr. Murray to Paris.
Mr. Lyon took his seat this day, in the House of Representatives—And, immediately after, Mr. Livingston presented a petition from a county in Vermont, against the Alien and Sedition bills.
February 21. The Message of the President, on the subject of the negotiation with France, and the nomination of Mr. Vans Murray, has, we hear, been committed in the Senate, to a committee consisting of Messrs. Reed, Ross, Stockton, Tracey and Sedgwick.
NORFOLK, February 26.
FIRE.
It is truly distressing to be obliged to relate the dreadful Conflagration which took place in this Borough on Sunday morning last. It broke out, as we are told, in the house of Mr. Abbot, shoe maker, Woodside-lane, from the roof of which flames were discovered to issue between the hours of one and two o'clock, and in so violent a manner as to threaten immediate destruction to the adjoining buildings, which was effectually realized in short time, as there was not a house left standing before seven o'clock from Burke's wharf to the main street, including all those to commerce-street, amounting, as well as we can learn, to about 62 dwelling houses.
We cannot help ascribing the safety of the remaining part of the town to Providence, as the morning was perfectly serene until the flames were effectually got under; immediately after a stiff breeze sprung up from the wellward, which, from its direction, must have baffled the exertions of the inhabitants and many others, until the whole of the town would have been laid in ashes.
It would be the height of ingratitude to omit noticing the timely and active exertions of many of the inhabitants of the town of Portsmouth; also, the captains and crews of the shipping in the river, who, on this awful occasion, shewed unprecedented activity and vigilance. Among the latter we could defer Captains Silver, Goddell, Israel, Needham, Scammon, Belom, Edwards, Thomas, Young and Corran and his mate; also, capt. Carmack of the marines. A Danish sailor, who exerted himself on this melancholy occasion, was killed—and the skeleton of a woman was found in the ruins—We fear many other lives were lost.
Last night we were again alarmed by the cry of Fire!—it was in a chimney of a house in Church street, and was fortunately extinguished without much trouble.
MILLINERY.
MRS. M'KAY,
FROM the northward, informs the Ladies of Richmond, Manchester, and their vicinity, that she has imported from Philadelphia and New-York, a complete assortment of the Newest Fashions of Millinery, which she offers for sale on the most moderate terms; as she intends to stay but a few weeks in this city, she solicits the application to be made as soon as possible at Mr. Dego's Store, a few doors below the Market-House, on the main-street.
N.B. Any article of Millinery can be made on the spot, if notice, and every exertion will be made to satisfy the demands.
The famous and complete Horse STIRLING.
NEVER beaten but once, and then by accident, was imported in the March from London last fall by JOHN HOOMES, Esquire, of the Bowling Green (and extraordinary to relate) he won a King's plate at a years old, and another at 3, he was considered while running, by Mr. Weatherby, the author of the racing calendar and clerk of the course at New-Market, as well as by a letter from that gentleman to the infallible, to be (if not the best) one of the best horses in England. The celebrated horse HAMBLETON, stopped by time to be his superior, and the first horse on the British turf paid him a forsook of 500 guineas, in a match over the National course, (four miles, one furling and one hundred and thirty-eight yards) for 1000 guineas; and it may with great truth be said, that STIRLING was among the best races that ever appeared in England, having won eleven races out of twelve, and when beaten was undoubtedly the best horse that started, as he could only be beaten by a horse of a superior class.
STIRLING is a most beautiful horse, and descended from the best stock in England—a full sister from his Pedigree below is upwards of fifteen hands and a half, in every sign form, extremely gay, with great strength and activity, and in all probability will make a most capital stallion. Perhaps it may not be amiss to observe that Stirling's racing was generally four miles, and with the best horses then on the turf. In 1794, Stirling (then three years old) won a match of 100 guineas each, at Alton, beating Mr. Crofts's Victor; (this was the first time he started,) he afterwards won at Epsom, the Magna Charta stakes of 50 guineas each (15 subscribers) beating Mr. Durand's Play or Pay, and three others. In 1795, (when the property of E. H. D. Esq.,) he won a 50 plate at New-Market Dukes course (four miles) beating Lord Stratmore's Rosalia, Lord Gower's Littleliput, and Mr. Greville's Flying Baze; He won the Jockey Club plate for four years old, Round Wood (five miles) beating the Duke of Grafton's Minion, Lord Greville's Repeater, and Lord Grosvenor's Bathurst; received forfeit of 75 guineas from Mr. Bates's Billy at Epsom, and won the King's plate at Ipswich. In 1796 he won at New-Market, the second class of the Oatland Stakes, beating Mr. Wilson's Caucius, Lord Grosvenor's Bay Colt, B. P. R.'s out of Stirling, Mr. Butt's Tolleridge, the Duke of Bedford's B. B., Lord Grosvenor's Fradious, and Lord Grosvenor's Albourne; he afterwards ran with the winners of the other two classes, for the main of the Oatlands, which he also won, beating Lord Teynham's Viret, and Lord Grosvenor's Lilliput; the same year he won the King's plate at Bedford, beating Mr. Butt's Tolleridge. In 1797, Stirling beat Lord Seckville's Jitway, a match at New-Market, for 500 guineas each; received forfeit from Sir Henry Vane Tempest's Hambletonian, in a match over the Beacons course for 1,000 guineas, half forfeit; won a sweepstakes of 100 guineas each, (7 subscribers) beating Lord Darlington's St. George, and others. Duke's course (four miles.) He was lame before his next engagement, and has not started since.
The above horse will stand the ensuing season, (which will commence the 20th day of March next, and end the 1st of August following) at my plantation in Essex county, called Gressenhall, near Topsham-nock, at fifteen Dollars the leap, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 32nd, 33rd, 34th, 35th, 36th, 37th, 38th, 39th, 40th, 41st, 42nd, 43rd, 44th, 45th, 46th, 47th, 48th, 49th, 50th, 51st, 52nd, 53rd, 54th, 55th, 56th, 57th, 58th, 59th, 60th, 61st, 62nd, 63rd, 64th, 65th, 66th, 67th, 68th, 69th, 70th, 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, 75th, 76th, 77th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 81st, 82nd, 83rd, 84th, 85th, 86th, 87th, 88th, 89th, 90th, 91st, 92nd, 93rd, 94th, 95th, 96th, 97th, 98th, 99th, 100th. The money in every case to be paid before the mares are removed. The principal is equal to any in Virginia; the enclosed mares are good, and YOUCL RUST, the manager, very careful; but no responsibility for losses or casualties of any kind. The mares may be fed on application to the said Youcl Rust, and the grain furnished at the market price, for which the money must be sent, and notes for such mares as are not left.
JOHN TAYLOR.
Pedigree.
I hereby certify, that Stirling was bred by me, sold when a foal to Mr. Broadhurst, who afterwards disposed of him to Mr. Delme, by whom he hath been lately sold to Messrs. Lamb and Younger, for the purpose of being sent over to America. He was got by Volunteer, (one of the best sons of Eclipse) his dam by Highlander, his granddam by Young Cade, his great granddam Oldenkey by Second, out of the dam of Old Snap; she was got by Fox, her dam Gipsey, by Bay Bolton, granddam by the Duke of New-Castle's Turk, Byerly Turk, Tassolet Barb, Piacet's White Barb, out of a natural Barb mare.
THOMAS STIRLING.
To William Meredith, Benjamin Childers, Joseph Loving, Benjamin Taliaferro and Richard Taliaferro.
GENTLEMEN,
TAKE NOTICE, that on the thirteenth day of April next, at the house of Mr. John Sutton of Caroline county in Virginia, between the hours of eleven and six o'clock of that day, I shall take the deposition of John Sutton, William Watkins and William Redd; and on the twentieth day of said month (April) at the house of Mr. Daniel Fitzhugh of said county of Caroline, between the hours of twelve and six o'clock of that day, I shall take the depositions of Daniel Fitzhugh and Beverley Fitzhugh; and on the twenty fifth day of said month (April) at the house of Mr. M'Carthy Fitzhugh or King George county, Virginia, between the hours of ten and six o'clock of that day, I shall take the deposition of Mr. Robert Allison, material witnesses for the plaintiffs in a suit now depending in the high court of Chancery of Virginia, wherein Dennis Fitzhugh and William Fitzhugh, plaintiffs, by me their next friends are plaintiffs, and yourselves defenceants.
From your most obedient, LUCY FITZHUGH. March 1, 1799. (491)

For the last season in Virginia
THE CELEBRATED HORSE,
BOXER,
Will stand at my stable in New-Kent county, within six miles of the courthouse, and will cover mares at the moderate price of Twenty Dollars the season, and Seven Dollars the leap, to be paid at the stable door...
ROXER
Is a fine bay, well marked, clear of all natural blemishes, upwards of 15 hands one inch high, remarkable for his beauty and great strength, and is admired by good judges to be one of the finest horses on the continent.
WILLIAM CHAMBERLAYNE.
N.B. Gentlemen may have their servants boarded, and their mares fed with grain and Clover on moderate terms.
The Beautiful Full Bred Horse, Young Figure,
A blood Bay, in high perfection, fifteen hands three inches high, remarkable for his great strength, activity, and symmetry of form, now rising eight years old.
STANDS at my stable in the lower end of Cumberland county, and will be let to mares at Fifteen Dollars the season, and Five for the leap...
YOUNG FIGURE
Was got by the imported horse High Flyer, bledam by Old Figure, his grandam by Camilla a thoroughbred horse, his great grandam by the late Gen. Nelson's well known horse Rockingham.
CODRINGTON CARRINGTON.
King William County, Feb. 12, 1795.
Dear Sir, I received your letter relative to the performance of Young Figure, which you saw at Mr. Carrington's purchase of Mr. Fields of Gloucester.
I am, Your very humble servant, HENRY TEMPLE.
Col. William Bentley.
THE Plenipotentiary, A Fine Spanish Jack,
FOAL, if not superior in size to any in America, will be let to mares at my house, the ensuing season, at Eight Dollars.
Powhatan county, Feb. 10, 1799.
RAN AWAY FROM the subscriber, living in Louisa county, a negro fellow named ADAM: turned of forty years of age; formerly belonging to Colonel John Syme...
February 14, 1799.
Eight Dollars Reward.
RAN AWAY in the eighth month last, HARRY, a negro lad about 16 years old, of a ruddy complexion. He is sensible and crafty, and few (I think) more capable of impaling on the credulous...
SAMUEL PARSONS.
Belleville, 2d Mo. 1799.
THOSE Gentlemen who wish to be come Pupils of Mr. ARNAUD, and wishing to learn the FRENCH LANGUAGE...
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
Terms for Private Lessons at the Gentleman or Ladies' houses will be made known by the subscriber at the above place.
GASPAR ARNAUD.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
THOSE Gentlemen who wish to be come Pupils of Mr. ARNAUD, and wishing to learn the beautiful art of FENCING...
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
Terms for Private Lessons at the Gentlemen's houses will be made known by the subscriber at the above place.
GASPAR ARNAUD.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
The Thorough Bred Running HORSE,
WILL stand the ensuing season, at my stable in Albemarle county and town of Charlottesville, and will be let to mares at Seven Dollars the season, and Five for the leap...
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
Terms for Private Lessons at the Gentlemen's houses will be made known by the subscriber at the above place.
GASPAR ARNAUD.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
The Thorough Bred Running HORSE,
WILL stand the ensuing season, at my stable in Albemarle county and town of Charlottesville, and will be let to mares at Seven Dollars the season, and Five for the leap...
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
Terms for Private Lessons at the Gentlemen's houses will be made known by the subscriber at the above place.
GASPAR ARNAUD.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
LAMPLIGHTER,
The property of Paul Philman, Esq.
WILL stand the ensuing season, at my stable in Albemarle county and town of Charlottesville, and will be let to mares at Seven Dollars the season, and Five for the leap...
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
Terms for Private Lessons at the Gentlemen's houses will be made known by the subscriber at the above place.
GASPAR ARNAUD.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
LAMPLIGHTER
Is a beautiful Bay, full fifteen and a half hands high, elegantly formed, and possessed of as many running points as any horse: his performances on the turf, will justly entitle him to be ranked amongst the best running horses.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
Terms for Private Lessons at the Gentlemen's houses will be made known by the subscriber at the above place.
GASPAR ARNAUD.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
LAMPLIGHTER
Was got by Hart's Old Medley, his dam by Londale out of Col. Braxton's imported mare Kitty Fisher.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
Terms for Private Lessons at the Gentlemen's houses will be made known by the subscriber at the above place.
GASPAR ARNAUD.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
LAMPLIGHTER
Was got by Hart's Old Medley, his dam by Londale out of Col. Braxton's imported mare Kitty Fisher.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
Terms for Private Lessons at the Gentlemen's houses will be made known by the subscriber at the above place.
GASPAR ARNAUD.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
LAMPLIGHTER
Was got by Hart's Old Medley, his dam by Londale out of Col. Braxton's imported mare Kitty Fisher.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
Terms for Private Lessons at the Gentlemen's houses will be made known by the subscriber at the above place.
GASPAR ARNAUD.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
LAMPLIGHTER
Was got by Hart's Old Medley, his dam by Londale out of Col. Braxton's imported mare Kitty Fisher.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
Terms for Private Lessons at the Gentlemen's houses will be made known by the subscriber at the above place.
GASPAR ARNAUD.
Richmond, Feb. 20, 1799.
JIM CRACK, LATE the property of Peter S. Randolph, Esq. will cover mares the present season at my house in Prince-Edward county, at six Dollars the season, and Five for the leap...
James Town, Jan. 20th, 1799.
Jim Crack
Was got by Mr. Hart's imported Medley (the best blood in England) his Dam by Ariel brother to Old Partner, his Grandam by Whittington, his great Grandam by Dabler, out of Col. Anthony Thornton's celebrated Roan Mare, considered as the finest mare of her day in Virginia.
JOSIAH PERKINSON.
James Town, Jan. 20th, 1799.
Notice.
All persons having claims against the estate of RICHARD HOLT, late of Essex county, are hereby requested to make them known on or before the 15th day of June next.
3d January, 1799.
In Goochland county Court 17th December, 1798.
John Michie, plf.
Against
Daniel Broadhead, jr., Henry Wood, Thomas Miller, William Sampson, Francis Martin and Anglin Hunter, defts.
THE defendant Daniel Broadhead, jr., not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the said Daniel Broadhead, jr., is not an inhabitant of this country...
A Copy, Teste, WM. MILLER, C. G. C.
COPPER & TIN WARE Manufactory.
THE subscriber returns his sincere thanks to a generous public, for the very great encouragement he has met with in his line of business...
WILLIAM COOK.
N. B. All kinds of TIN WORK as usual.
The highest cash price given for old BRASS, COPPER, PEWTER or LEAD.
STRAYED.
FROM Mrs. Smith's in Hanover, near the courthouse, the 11th ultimo.
A Bay Horse, & Sorrel Mare.
The horse about 4 feet 8 or 9 inches high, very old, remarkable on account of being much credit fallen, occasioned by a filly...
JOHN POVALL.
Feb. 2, 1799.
Notice.
THE PARTNERSHIP OF William Spiller and Brother,
Is this day by mutual consent dissolved: And all persons indebted to the said concern either by bond, note or open account, are requested to make immediate payment to William Spiller, who is alone authorised to grant discharges...
William Spiller. Hickman Spiller.
Danville, 24th January, 1799.
LOUIS A. DUPUY'S Dancing School HAVING been suspended on account of the winter season being too unfavorable, will open again on Wednesday the 20th instant.
Feb. 9, 1799.
FOR SALE, A NEW DOUBLE GEARED
MILL,
With ten acres of LAND,
LYING in Henrico county, adjoining the lands of William Randolph of Wilton, and Col. William Heath, five miles below Richmond and one from James river.
A good Dwelling House at the Mills lately repaired which will accommodate a small family.
This mill is on a never failing stream, and watered by a canal which has flood the greatest fresher without damage...
This mill was set to work in January last, and has ground upwards of 600 barrels of corn, all country grain.
A great bargain may be had in this property, as my state of health will not allow me to pay that attention to business which it requires.
The many local advantages attending this property, make it unnecessary to give any further description.
Persons wishing to purchase will view the premises, and judge for themselves.
One third of the purchase money will be expected in hand, one third in eighteen months, and the remainder in two years.
Interest from the date will be required if not punctually paid.
A security on the property to insure payment will be taken, and an undoubted title will be given.
HALE SHARP.
Henrico county, Four } Mile-Creek, August } 2, 1798.
FOR SALE, At Samuel Pleasants' Printing-Office,
[By the Dozen or Single Copy,] THE COLUMBIAN
Spelling & Reading
BOOK:
AN EASY AND ALLURING GUIDE TO SPELLING AND READING.
Containing:
I. Lessons in Spelling from one Syllable to Seven.
II. A large collection of Proverbs and Maxims, of one and two Syllables.
III. Eighty-one of Dodsley's Fables, being more than half of the number in that entertaining Book...
IV. A collection of Words nearly alike in Sound, but differing in Sense.
V. A Table of Contractions.
VI. An Explanation of the Use of Points, Stops, and certain Marks used in Writing and Printing.
VII. Essay on the Sounds of the Letters in the English Language.
The above Book is recommended by several of the most eminent Teachers on the Continent...
December 25th, 1798.
Just received
And for Sale at this Printing Office, A FEW COPIES OF
Monroe's View
OF THE
Conduct of the Executive.
—Also—
Gallatin's Speech
ON THE
Foreign Intercourse Bill,
WITH AN APPENDIX
Lately Published,
AND FOR SALE AT SAMUEL PLEASANTS' PRINTING OFFICE, RICHMOND,
[Price 2 shillings]
A SELECTION OF
H Y M N S
AND
Spiritual Songs
FROM THE BEST AUTHORS,
BY ANDREW BROADDUS, V.D.M.
May 14.
BLANK BONDS
For sale at this Printing-Office.
IN COUNCIL, Feb. 9, 1799. THE Executive of Virginia will, on or before the first day of April next, be ready to receive Proposals, either for the importation from Europe, or for the manufacturing within this state,
4000 Stand of Arms
to be delivered at Richmond, in the course of the present year.
Each stand to consist of a Musket, the length of the barrel to be three feet eight inches, and to receive a ball of the size of eighteen to the pound...
A double bridle lock, upon the best construction, neat brass or iron mounting, steel ramrod, and to be well stocked with black walnut, and a bayonet one foot five inches in the blade.
By order of the Executive, A. BLAIR, C. C.
The several printers in this state, are requested to insert the above in their respective papers.
Marshall & Syme,
OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE, RICHMOND,
HAVE FOR WHOLESALE,
A General Assortment of
MANUFACTURES,
For which Country Produce or Approved Notes will be taken.
Wants a Place,
IN a genteel family, either in town or country, a Person of good character—who will teach Children Reading, Writing and Working, and if required will assist in the affairs of the family.
Enquire of the Printer. January 7, 1799.
Thomas Gilliat
HAS imported by the late arrivals from London and Liverpool, an extensive and well selected assortment of
FASHIONABLE
FALL GOODS
Which is now selling off, at its usual low prices, for Cash or Country Produce.
Also a large supply of the following Articles, will be sold low for Cash or at a moderate advance, on six months credit:
Kendall Cottons, Duffel and Rose Blankets, White and Coloured Plains, Kerseys, Halfticks and Coatings, Yarn and Plaid Hose, 6-4 and 7-4 Cloths, well assorted colours and prices, Small Cakes of Hardware and Cutlery, well assorted, Cakes of Pewter and Glass-Ware, each as forced, Boxes of Hats, Calicoes and Irish Linens, British and German Osnaburghs, Sacking and Rolls, Shot and Gun Powder, Seine Twine. RICHMOND, October 25th, 1798.
FOR SALE.
20 qr. casks } old Red Port-Wine of 14s 20 pips } per for quality;
Madeira Wine in pipes; Teneriffe do. do.
Porter packed in casks of 3 doz. each; Old West India Rum;
French Brandy; Apple Brandy; 2000 gallons excellent Whiskey;
Loaf Sugar Brown Sugar; Coffee; Sift Iron, and 100 barrels excellent cut Herrings;
The above articles have just come to hand, and being principally on consignment, will be sold very low, for cash, by
Gamble & Temple, Who have as usual a good assortment of
DRY GOODS
on hand, which will be sold on equitable terms. Richmond, June 11, 1798.
Just Published,
And for Sale at S Pleasants' Printing-Office,
A PAMPHLET ENTITLED,
AN
ENQUIRY
WHETHER
THE ACT OF CONGRESS
IN ADDITION TO THE ACT, ENTITLED AN ACT FOR THE
PUNISHMENT OF CERTAIN CRIMES
AGAINST THE
UNITED STATES,"
Generally called the
SEDITION BILL,
IS
UNCONSTITUTIONAL OR NOT.
BLANK
Bills of Exchange
For Sale at this Printing Office.