The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1807-07-31 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE.....AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
VOLUME 4.]
RICHMOND, FRIDAY MORNING, JULY 31, 1807.
[NUMBER 24.]
At a numerous meeting of the citizens of Mecklenburg county, at the Court-House, the 13th July, 1807, to take into consideration the late outrages committed by the British naval commanders, on our national rights:
It was unanimously resolved, that MARK ALEXANDER, be appointed chairman—And
WILLIAM BASKERVILL, Secretary of this meeting. It was, thereupon, unanimously agreed, that John Nelson, sen. Hume R. Field, Grief Green, Charles G. Field, Francis E. Walker, William Birchett, Abraham Keen, Roger Gregory, John B. Goode, Alexander S. Field and Thomas A. Jones, be appointed a committee to draft an address to the President of the United States, and such resolutions as the occasion appears to require—who, after having retired a short time, reported the following address and resolutions, which were unanimously adopted and agreed to:
TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES:
Sir, In a government founded like ours, on the will of the people, and depending on their approbation for its support; we consider it the duty of every citizen of that government, freely, yet respectfully, to express his opinion upon every subject in which the national interest is involved: We beg leave therefore, to express to you, our sentiments of indignation and abhorrence at the late outrage committed on the Chesapeake, by a British ship of war. This act is atrocious in its nature, so insulting to the dignity and independence of a free nation, must, if sanctioned by the British government, be considered not only as an open declaration of war, but as an actual commencement of hostilities. From the spirit uniformly displayed by the British government, in plundering our commerce, and the impression of our seamen; we have too much reason to consider this late act, as a continuation of their hostile hostility to our government. We feel confident that our government will demand ample satisfaction for the injuries we have sustained; that if the late act is not disavowed by the government of Great Britain, war will be declared; or that, if merely the act of unauthorized individuals, will be subjected to punishment.
The blood of our murdered fellow citizens, the insulted dignity of the nation, imperiously demand this conduct on the part of our government.
In the support of these measures, or any other, which the government, in its wisdom may think proper to adopt, we will cheerfully sacrifice our lives and fortunes. Permit us to declare to you, our highest confidence in your wisdom & firmness as chief justice of the Union, and our conviction that such measures will be adopted by you, as are consistent with the spirit of a free and independent nation.
M. ALEXANDER, Chairman.
W. BASKERVILL, Secretary.
1st. Resolved, That the late attack upon the Chesapeake, a national frigate of the United States, by the Leopard, a British ship of war, is a violation of our national rights, and amounts to a declaration of war.
2nd. Resolved, We view with brotherly affection, our fellow citizens of Norfolk, and highly applaud the manly and patriotic resolutions they have adopted, and measures they have taken at the present crisis.
3rd. Resolved, That the insolent letter written by J. E. Douglas, to Richard Evers Lee, Mayor of Norfolk, is adding insult to injury, that the dignified and manly answer thereto, expressed those sentiments, which ever animate the bosoms of free men.
4th. Resolved, That the government of the United States has been just and liberal in the policy which it has pursued towards other nations, we will, therefore, with our lives and fortunes, support it in such energetic measures as may be adopted by the government.
5th. Resolved, That we are determined, at every hazard, to support the rights and liberties which have been transmitted to us, by our forefathers, and which they have consecrated with their blood.
6th. Resolved, That the conduct of the Executive of Virginia, in promptly carrying into effect, the proclamation of the President of the United States, is entitled to the highest reward which public servants can receive; the approbation of their country.
7th. Resolved, That the promptitude with which our fellow citizens of Richmond and Petersburg, obeyed the call of their country, and became soldiers to avenge their wrongs as citizens, commands our highest admiration, and upon a like necessity, when the government shall think it necessary, will be followed by us.
8th. Resolved, That when the government shall think it necessary, we are prepared to abandon the habitual use of British manufactures and products, and rely alone on our internal resources.
9th. Resolved, That Mark Alexander, John Nelson, sen. Hume R. Field, Grief Green, Charles G. Field, Francis E. Walker, William Birchett, Abraham Keen, Roger Gregory, John B. Goode, Alexander S. Field, Thomas A. Jones and Peter Bailey, be a committee to correspond when necessary, upon these resolutions, with the other committees appointed in the United States for that purpose.
10th. Resolved, That the address to the President and resolutions, be published in the Enquirer of Richmond.
11th. Resolved, That the address and resolutions be sent to the President of the United States.
12th. Resolved, That the chairman and secretary of this meeting, sign the foregoing address and resolutions.
M. ALEXANDER, Chairman.
W. BASKERVILL, Secretary.
At a meeting of the citizens of the county of Southampton, at the court house of said county, on the 20th July, 1807, to take into consideration the late outrages and cowardly attack of the British ship Leopard of 50 guns, commanded by Capt. Humphreys, on the United States' Frigate Chesapeake, of 36 guns, commanded by Commodore James Barron, and the ferocious and savage-like murder of some of her crew: The Proclamation of the President, and the communication from the honorable Alexander M. Rae, Chairman of the Corresponding Committee in Richmond, being first read,
Col. William Bailey, was unanimously appointed Chairman; And
Major Robt. Mabry Secretary.
Whereupon the following gentlemen, to wit: Edwin Gray, James Grizzant, Jesse Brou, Solomon Holmes, Samuel Blunt, James Gee, Jacob Darden, Robert Goodwyn, William Bous & Carr Bowles, were appointed a committee to draft resolutions, expressive of the sentiments of the meeting, who, after a few moments' retirement, reported the following, which were unanimously adopted:
1st. Resolved, That it is proper, on all occasions when the interest and honor of the United States are concerned, that the sense of the people should be publicly expressed. That the people of Southampton, view the late attack of the Commander of the British ship of war the Leopard, on the Frigate Chesapeake, an act authorized by her government, as unworthy, base, perfidious and tyrannical, as disgraceful to a nation, professing amity with the United States, and demands an immediate call on the part of our government for a full and satisfactory reparation.
2nd. Resolved, That the conduct of the citizens of Norfolk, Portsmouth and Hampton, towards the mur-
derous crews of his Britannic Majesty's ships, is worthy of free men, and that the spirited and animated reply of Richard Evers Lee, Mayor of Norfolk, to the insulting and menacing letter received by him, from Commodore Douglas, contains sentiments honorable to the American name, and receives our warmest approbation.
3rd. Resolved, That we view the proclamation of the President as a continuation of that pacific and honorable conduct, which he has always pursued towards foreign nations; but we suppose Great Britain, who commits these lawless aggressions upon our rights, to be wary of peace, we know she is devoid of honor, and we believe determined on war; If so, we await the order of our government, and pledge our lives, fortunes and our honors to support such measures as may in its wisdom be adopted.
4th. Resolved, That the vigilance and activity of the Cavalry under the command of Majr. John M. Rae, in seizing and confining the persons of two midshipmen and three marines who had landed on our shores, belonging to the British squadron now at anchor in Lynnhaven Bay, in defiance of the President's Proclamation, deserves the thanks of every American citizen.
5th. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be transmitted by the Chairman to the President of the United States, to the Executive of this state, and to the Chairman of the Corresponding Committee of Richmond, and that they be published in the Richmond Enquirer and Norfolk Herald.
6th. Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting be given to the Chairman and Secretary for their impartial discharge of the duties of their office.
WM. BAILEY, Chairman.
ROBT. MABRY, Secretary.
At a meeting of the Prince-Edward Volunteer Troop of Cavalry, commanded by Capt. Wm. L. Womack, at the Court-House, 25th, July, 1807.
Capt. Wm. L. Womack, having been appointed chairman—and James D. Wood, Secretary—Sam. V. Allen, Wm. A. Allen, Abner Nash, Henry E. Watkins and Saml. L. Lockett, who were appointed a committee to draft and report to this meeting, such resolutions as might be best calculated to express the feelings of the Troop, on the very interesting and important subject which demands their attention, made the following report, which was unanimously adopted:
Feeling in common with our countrymen indignation and resentment, for the many aggressions which have been committed on our rights, by the British government, but more especially the outrage done to the independence, and the insult inflicted on the honor of the nation by an act of hostility, in the attack of the British ship of war Leopard, on the United States' frigate, the Chesapeake; an attack in which the blood of our countrymen has been shed, and the dignity of the American flag violated. We cannot be silent or indifferent on such an occasion, nor do we with to be idle, while the same lawless & influential power continues to threaten depredation. Therefore,
1st. Resolved unanimously, That Capt. Womack be authorized and instructed to tender the services of the Troop, to the executive of the state, and to such officer as may be authorized to accept the services of companies of volunteers, under the late advice of council, directing the equipment and organization of the quota to be furnished by the state, for the service of the United States.
2nd. Resolved unanimously, That we will hold ourselves in readiness to march at a moment's warning, wherever the interest of our country and the command of our government may require.
3rd. Resolved unanimously, That a copy of these resolutions, be transmitted immediately to the executive of the state, one to the editor of the Argus, and one to the editor of the Enquirer.
(Signed) Wm. L. WOMACK, Chairman.
JAMES D. WOOD, Secretary.
Europe.
FROM OUR FRENCH PAPERS.
PARIS, May 23.—Authentic letters announce that a French Officer dispatched by the Ambassador Sebastiani, and repairing to His Majesty the Emperor Napoleon, communicated, upon passing through Vienna, to His Ex General Andreossi, our Ambassador at the court of Austria, the important news that the army of the Russian General Michelson had been invested by the Turkish army and completely routed. Intelligence was received by the same channel, that the Captain Pacha, who had passed the Dardanelles with 16 ships of the line, put to flight the Russian squadron stationed off Tenedos. These two events are neither less glorious for the Ottoman arms, nor less important for the fate of the Porte, than the expulsion of the English fleet from before Constantinople, & amply make up for the loss of Alexandria, so shamefully surrendered to the English Gen. Frazer. The town of Thessalonica did not follow the example of Alexandria: upon the English presenting themselves before that place and summoning it to surrender and send away the French Consul, the Pacha answered them with cannon balls, and immediately took such measures as made them judge proper to seek their safety in flight.
The Königsberg Gazette contains the following details of the first interview which took place between the Emperor of Russia and king of Prussia.
The Emperor of Russia had performed the greater part of his journey in an open carriage. He arrived on the 1st of April at Polangen, where he was joined by the King of Prussia, a few hours afterwards. The Emperor advanced 400 paces with his hat off, to meet the King, who sprung from his carriage, and threw himself into the Emperor's arms. They remained embracing each other for some time, without speaking a word, and with tears standing in their eyes. After they had walked a few steps together, holding each other by the hand, the Emperor clasped the King once more round his neck. The latter returned to Memel the same evening, to which town he wished to take the Emperor, who excused himself from going thither, on account of his being in a travelling dress.
This Monarch made his solemn entry into Memel on the following morning at 11 o'clock. The King went out to meet him as far as his carriage; they embraced each other and went up the steps of the castle together hand in hand. All the Generals, Ministers and Lords of the Court were assembled in the great hall; but only the Minister Baron Von Hardenberg, and Prince Radzivil, followed the two Sovereigns to the top of the stair-case.
There was the queen: the Emperor went to meet her and kissed her hand; the queen immediately embraced him. My dear Cousin (in French,) were the only words which the Prin-
cess at first addressed to him, with great emotion. The Emperor gave for watch word to his guards, Memel and Frederick.
The Senator Mr. de Luynes, Commander of Legion of Honour, died on Monday morning last at Paris, rue Saint Dominique, at the age of 59.
Sequel of the siege of Dantzick.
Night of the 30th April.—Attack of Hakeisberg.—The communications between the second and third parallel were enlarged. The enemy sent many fire pots, and kept up a very brisk fire of musketry.
Attack of Bichoffisberg.—We worked at a second parallel of 200 fathoms.
Artillery.—The enemy began at day-break a very brisk cannonade, which lasted till nine in the morning. The fire was kept up on our side with moderation, during the whole day; our artillerymen pointed with precision. Almost all our bombs and howitzer shells fell into the works in front of the attack.
The enemy fired very little from Bichoffisberg. During the night we repaired the embrasures and shoudering pieces which had been knocked down by the enemy's fire.
A quantity of stores arrived from Thorn and Stettin.
We fired 1700 shots during the whole of the 30th.
Night of the 1st May.—Attack of Bichoffisberg.—The second parallel was improved.
Artillery.—The howitzer shells of the redoubt No. 1, set fire to the town. The enemy pointed a great number of guns against this redoubt. Our mortars sent a great number of bombs into the embrasures and upon the shoudering pieces. Many platforms were blown up.
We fired 1500 shots in the course of the 2d.
Fresh stores arrived from Silésie and Stettin.
Night of the 2d May.—Attack of Hakeisberg.—Capt. Boizaubert of the sappers was killed.
The enemy kept up a very brisk fire of musketry all day. We fired 1600 cannon shots.
Marine.—A deserter from the battalion of Ost-Preuss, newly raised, declared that his battalion, which arrived seventeen days ago, had not yet been able to enter the town, and that two vessels had arrived the day before with troops and bread.
Night of the 3d May.—Peninsula.—A party of Collasques was repelled by our out-posts.
Artillery.—Our fire was generally superior to that of the enemy. We fired 1400 shots. Fresh stores arrived from Stettin.
Night of the 4th May.—Attack of Hakeisberg.—We prolonged the sap five fathoms and made a crossway. Three times during the course of the day, we tried to continue it; but the few pieces which the enemy kept at the angles and behind the crossways, constantly knocked down the head of the sap.
Artillery.—The enemy opened new embrasures towards the shoulder of the right bastion, and armed some lower batteries. A part of our fire was directed against these new embrasures. We fired 1600 shots during the course of the day.
Night of the 5th May.—Attack of Hakeisberg; we prolonged the sap five fathoms and made a crossway.
Artillery.—The enemy has almost entirely ceased his fire against our batteries. He confines himself to firing against the head of the saps with a few guns.
Night of the 6th May.—Attack of Hakeisberg; the sap was prolonged five fathoms; at day break it was only eight fathoms from the angle of the covert way.
During the day our fire was so well kept up, that the enemy's was of no avail, and the sap was carried on the whole of the 7th; so that in the evening it was only four fathoms from the covert way.
The sap against the bastion continued in like night and day. Lieut. Marcelot of the sappers, was wounded.
Artillery.—We fired 2700 shots during the night and the day. Capt. Bion of the artillery, was killed.
Lower Vistula and Peninsula.—Marshal Lefebvre resolved to get possession of the island formed by the Vistula and the canal. General Drouet examined the situation and works with attention. The adjutant-commandant Ayme was charged with the expedition with 800 men drawn from the different corps of the besieging troops.
About ten o'clock in the evening, the pontoniers launched ten barks, each capable of containing 25 men. We embarked 50 grenadiers of the Paris guard, 200 men of the 2d and 12th of light infantry, 50 artillerymen, miners and sappers.
At one o'clock 12 barks advanced with oars. The enemy's posts perceived this movement and fired a few musket shots and two cannons loaded with grape shot. The pontoniers pulled harder at their oars, and in 5 or 6 minutes the landing was effected. Captain Ayme, aided by Gen. Drouet, marched with the 50 grenadiers of the Paris guard against the first redoubt, and carried it without firing a shot.
The adjutant-commandant Ayme marched against the redoubt of the left, and the chief of battalion armed against the intrenchments of the points of the island. The Russians who defended this extremity of the island, kept up an ill-directed fire in the middle of the night, and fell back. Our heads of columns drove them into the principal redoubt, and answered their fire with a cry of Long live the Emperor.
The rest of the Russians continued to retreat along their retrenchments, when the troops of general Gardanne, who, at the first signal of the landing, had passed into the island, by crossing the canal, cut off all retreat from the Russians. Those who escaped the bayonet were made prisoners.
The success was complete on the left as soon as the second division of Baden troops and of the legion of the North had effected its landing. The intrenchments which protected the redoubt of Kalkschantz were carried. A hundred and eighty private soldiers and 4 officers were made prisoners, and two pieces of cannon taken.
In the mean time, capt. Aye drove the enemy from the last redoubt, which served him as a tête de pont on setting out from the canal. Thenceforth we became masters of the whole of the island.
We took 300 men from the enemy in this engagement, three-fourths of whom are Russians, 20 officers, and 12 pieces of cannon. The enemy left 300 killed in the intrenchments, amongst whom is the Russian Major who had the command of the island. Our loss has been but trifling, 28 wounded, 9 killed, one of whom is the French captain of the 4th light infantry.
At 6 in the morning, a floating bridge was already thrown over the canal. Workmen are now employed at that of the Vistula.
Marshal Lefebvre bestows high commendation on the courage of those employed in this expedition; amongst many others who distinguished themselves, was a light horseman of the 12th regiment, who having out-stretched his comrades, suddenly found himself amidst a column of Russians, who cried out, "Do not fire, we are Frenchmen;" on being threatened that he should be killed if he spoke, he cried! "Fire, fire, captain, they are Russians!"
Night of the 7th May.—Attack of Hakeisberg. The sap being within 4 fathoms of the palisade, it was resolved to crown the covert way. Col. Lacoche, of the engineers, took the necessary measures.
The chief of battalion, Bertrand, of the 19th regiment of the infantry of the line, caused two companies of the 19th to advance, in order to drive out the enemy from the two branches of the road covered by the half moon. Some of our sharpshooters penetrated even into the places d'armes rentrantes, fired behind the palisades and made some prisoners.
During this time, the sappers and workmen of the 19th, crowned the crete of the covert way on the saliant of the half moon, whilst other sappers cut off several palisades, and a serjeant with four miners went down into the covert way in order to find out the mines which might have been made.
Serjeant Chapot discovered the well of a gallery of mines, from which he took 32 miners. They declared that this mine was the only one on which they had worked; that they had begun it about a week before; that the well was 24 feet deep; that from thence it was intended to direct two galleries to a distance of 50 feet, but that they had not yet got further than 25 feet.
The troops displayed great vigour in this operation, which rendered us masters of the enemy's galleries, dislodged him from the covert way of the half moon, and furnished us a site for throwing up two important batteries. The enemy kept up a very heavy fire of musketry and grape shot.
In the course of the day, the enemy evacuated the covert way, and kept no sharpshooters but in the Blockhouses.
Lower Vistula and Peninsula. The Lunette of Kalkschantz was opened, and the redoubts of the island set in complete order to act against the place.
Artillery. The enemy fired very little in the course of the day, on the front of the attack, and appeared to direct his attention towards the Vistula.
Embrasures have been pierced to fire from, at the Cavalier of the place, at which the enemy is at work.
The 24-pounders which have been directed against the Blockhouses, almost destroyed one, and much damaged the others. The batteries have begun to break the palisades of the fosse.
GERMANY.
Munich, May 13th.—The papers have already published the principal circumstances of a personal affair, the consequences of which appeared inevitable between Count von Duben, the Swedish minister, at the Court of Vienna, and Baron von Wrede, a Bavarian General. The correspondence that has taken place between them on this subject, has just been brought to light, as well as two letters which have been written them by their respective Sovereigns. The King of Sweden, by Count von Duben, and which was published after having been intercepted by the French army.—The four following documents will suffice to make known the nature of this affair, and the state it is now in.
The last letters have been received here, believe, as was expected, the victories said to have been obtained by the Servians over the Turks, and of which the Pressburg Gazetteer had published such brilliant details. The impudence of this Journalist can alone be equalled by the clumsiness and ignorance which ever accompany his falsehoods.
Hamburg, May 15th.—If any credit be due to letters from Copenhagen, the sudden removal of Generals Cathcart and Stuart, who were to command the English expedition, bespeaks an intention on the part of the English Government of yielding to the wishes of Sweden, by giving him the command of this expedition, which is reported to be already at sea, though this seems improbable. At all events his excellency Marshal Brune is to set off to-morrow for Schewin, where he will for the present establish his Head-Quarters.—Two thousand Poles are working at the fortifications of Rostock, and the army of observation is preparing a warm reception for the English. A part of the Dutch troops forming our garrison and a very strong detachment of Gendarmes, set out yesterday, it is believed, on their way to the environs of Stralsund. It is asserted that the rest of their comrades will soon follow them, and will in their turn, be replaced by other troops from Hamburg. The communication with Swedish Pomerania is at present suspended. The last Courier from Stralsund is not yet arrived.
NEW-YORK, July 24.
By the ship Phillipsburg, Leffingwell, arrived yesterday from Bordeaux, we have received Paris papers to the 23d of May, and the following Bulletin from the French army.
74TH OFFICIAL BULLETIN OF THE GRAND ARMY.
FINKEINSTEIN, 16 May, 1806.
Prince Jerome conceiving that the 3 advanced works from Neiss, along the Pilau, were an annoyance to the operations of the siege, ordered General Vandamme to erase them. This General at the head of the Wurtemberg troops carried off these works in the night of the 30th April and 1st. of May, has put to the sword the enemy's troops that defended it, made 120 prisoners and taken 9 pieces of cannon.—The captains du genie Depouhon and Froel, marched at the heads of the columns and given proof of great bravery.
Lieutenants Hohendorff, Bawer, and Muller, have particularly distinguished themselves. On the second of May, Lieutenant-General Camarer took the command of the Wurtemberg division.
It appears that since the arrival of the Emperor Alexander at the army, a grand council of war has been held at Burtenheim, to which the King of Prussia and the Grand Duke Constantine have arrived.—That the dangers to which Dantzick was exposed have been the object of the deliberations of that Council; that it has been acknowledged that two ways only remained by which Dantzick might be saved.
ed. The first in attacking the French army by crossing the Vistula and running the chance of a general battle; the issue of which, though it prove unsuccessful, would be to oblige the French army to uncover Dantzick. The other by relieving the place by sea. The first operation appears to have been deemed impracticable, without exposing themselves to ruin and total defeat; and the plan for securing Dantzick by sea was adopted.
Accordingly, Lieut. general Kamenskoy, Son of the field-marshal, with 2 Russian divisions, forming eleven regiments, and several Prussian regiments were embarked at Pillau. On the 12th, 68 vessels or transports, escorted by three frigates, landed the troops at the mouth of the Vistula, at the Port of Dantzick, under the protection of fort Weichselmunde.
The Emperor immediately gave orders to the marshal, commanding the corps of reserve of the Grand Army, to march from Marienburg, where he was in head-quarters, with the division of General Oudinot, in order to reinforce the army of Marshal Lefebvre. He arrived by a single march at the same moment that the enemy's army was disembarked.—The 13th and 14th, the enemy made preparations for an attack. He was separated from the city by a space of four or five leagues, but occupied by the French troops.
On the 15th he defiled from the fort in three columns; his project was to penetrate by the right of the Vistula. General of the Brigade Schramm, who was at the advanced posts with the 3rd regiment of light infantry and a battalion of Saxons and poles, received the first fire of the enemy, and kept him at cannon shot from Meichelmunde.
Marshal Lefebvre had directed his march to the bridge situated below the Vistula; and caused the 12th regiment of light infantry and some Saxons to cross over to the assistance of gen. Schramm, gen. Gardanne, charged with the defence of the right of the Vistula, had likewise supported it with the remainder of his corps. The enemy was superior, and the engagement was maintained on both sides with equal obstinacy.
Marshal Lannes, with Oudinot, reserve, was placed on the left of the Vistula, by which it was expected the enemy would defile, as appeared by their dispositions the preceding evening; but observing the movements of the enemy unmasked; marshal Lannes passed the Vistula with four battalions of Oudinot's reserve. The whole line, and the reserve of the enemy, were routed, and pursued as far as the Passadecae; and at 9 in the morning the enemy was blocked in the fort of Weichselmunde. The field of battle was covered with dead bodies. Our loss amounts to 25 killed and 200 wounded; that of the enemy is 380 killed, 1500 wounded, and 30 prisoners. In the evening a great number of wounded were perceived, being put on board the shipping which successively sailed off to return to Konigsberg. During that action the place made no fall, and contented itself with supporting the Russians by a brisk cannonade. The enemy has witnessed this affair from the top of its tattered and half demolished ramparts. He has been dismayed at seeing the hope of relief vanish away. Gen. Oudinot has killed three Russians with his own hands. Several of his staff officers have been wounded. The 12th and the 2d regiments of infantry have distinguished themselves.
The particulars of this engagement have not yet been received at head quarters.
The journal of the siege of Dantzick will show that the works are going on with equal activity; that the covered way is completed, and that they are busy in making preparations for the passage of the ditch.
As soon as the enemy heard that his maritime expedition had arrived before Dantzick, his light troops began to observe and harass the whole line from the position occupied by Marshal Soult, along the Prae-farge, to the division of Gen. Morand on the Alle. They were received within musket shot by the Voltigeurs; they lost a great number of men, and retired faster than they came.
The Russians made also their appearance at Malga in front of Gen. Zayonchek, commanding the Polish corps of observation, and carried a Polish post; gen. Fisher marched & overthrew them, killed 60 men, one Col. and two Captains. They likewise prevented themselves before the 5th corps, and inflicted the advanced posts of Gen. Gazan at Wilkenberg. This general pursued them for several leagues. They attacked in greater earnest the tete de pont d'Omnew of Dantewo. The general of Brigade Girard marched up to them with the 8th, and overturned them in the Narew.
General of division Suchot came up against the Russians at the point of the sword, and overthrew them at Ostrolenka; killed about 60 men and took 60 horses. The Captain of the 64th, Laurin who commanded a grand guard, surrounded on all sides by the Collasques, remained firm and deserved being distinguished. Marshal Massena, who had mounted on horseback with a Brigade of Bavarians, had occasion to be pleased with the zeal and good deportment of his troops.
The same day, 13th, the enemy attacked General Lemois at the mouth of the Burg. That general had crossed that river on the 10th with a Bavarian Brigade and a Polish regiment, had in three days caused tete de pont to be constructed, and had bent his march towards Wilkowo, with the intention of burning the rafts on which the enemy had been busy this six weeks.

Hope, where he found orders to proceed to La Plata. When the whole force is collected, the British will have about 16,000 soldiers. The Spaniards at Monte Video appear to be well satisfied with being under the English; a pretty brisk trade was carried on with the natives. The British and American vessels would make better voyages than had been expected. The British were civil and obliging to the Americans there. A spirit of independence appeared to be pervading the Spaniards and Portuguese in South America—and it was thought that Spain would certainly lose her colonies whether they submitted to the English or not. Gen. Beresford had failed for England. Mr. White, his late fellow prisoner, was at Monte Video. A paper in the English language, edited by Mr. Scott, of this town, has been commenced at Monte Video. We have been favored with a letter from the editor including the prospectus and first number.
From the "Southern Star" Extra. MONTE-VIDEO, May 10.—We have the pleasure to announce the arrival of H. M. ship Thistle, having on board Gen. Whitelocke, commander in chief of his majesty's forces in South America, and Staff; to be followed by large reinforcements of troops of every description, which the general left at sea. A company of artillery has disembarked this afternoon from the Thistle.
May 28.—His Excellency Gov. Whitelocke, has by proclamation, ordered, that all persons who are Spaniards, South American subjects, who resided in Monte Video previous to its capture, or who do not belong to merchant ships, do give in their names and residences at the Cavildo's office, before the 28th, under penalty of forfeiting the protection of the British government.
The following is a list of the General Military Staff here, viz. Lt. Gen. John Whitelocke, Commander in Chief; Major General Leveillon Gower, second in command; Brig. Gen. Sir Samuel Auchmuty, Brig. Gen. Wm. Lumley, and Brig. Gen. Ackland, Lt. Col. Torres, 89th regt. Military Secretary, Lt. Col. A. Cadogan, Captains J. Brown, and J. R. Forster, and Enns Freemantle, Aide-de-Camp to the commander in Chief, Lt. Col. Bradford, 87th Deputy Adj. Gen.; Lt. Col. Bourke, D. Q. M. G.; Col. Browne, 40th Commandant of the town.
From the Belfast Chronicle, of May 20.
MUTINY. It has been stated in accounts brought from the Mediterranean, that the crew of the American ship Eliza Ann mutinied against the captain. They fired their hats to a gun on the quarter deck, and used him most cruelly. They pricked him with the cook's tormentors, beat him over the ribs with staves in the most shocking manner, and left him for dead. They also treated the supercargo in the most cruel manner. They then attacked the master whom they struck a dreadful blow. His wife, with an infant in her arms, followed him; he fell back, and the captain, crying, "You have murdered my husband!" The ruffians answered, "We will do for you by and bye." The wife gave her husband some liquor to drink, and he somewhat recovered from the stunning blow he received. When he recovered a little more, he sallied forth with pistols and sabre to disarm the villains. The mate and supercargo had by this time recovered sufficiently to aid him in this courageous attempt. They knew they had to contend with cowards at heart, and by stratagem and determined bravery, they succeeded in driving the mutineers forward, after wounding them, except the two ringleaders. The Nigger frigate, capt. Hillyar, luckily soon after fell in with the ship off Cadiz, in a gale of wind, boarded her, and then took the ringleaders out. The master was then lying dangerously ill. The Nigger then sent an officer and four men on board to navigate her to Gibraltar, where the mutineers will be brought to trial. The two ringleaders are Englishmen born; their names are John Cross, alias Daniel Grofswright, and Robert Warrington. The former has since given himself up as a deserter from his majesty's ship Warrior. The ship had a great many dollars on board, with other treasure, of which they intended to plunder her.
ROVEREDO, May 4. This day the first column of Spanish troops, consisting of the infantry regiment of Gaudalaxara, 900 men strong, arrived here, on its march to Germany.
TRIESTE, May 8. The expedition against the Russians in Turkey, and along the Adriatic Sea, so far from being given up, as it could appear from the detachments which have been sent to Germany, will, we are assured, be ready in a very short time. General Marmont will soon be in a situation to act with vigour at the head of 20,000 men. The Peace of Tilsit, expected at the same time to arrive at the Montenegrins, whose numbers are considerably decreased, as the Russian Admiral Shlapin took 6000 of them on board his squadron when he failed for the Aegean Sea. The remainder of the Montenegrins have collected near the Cattaro, having evacuated all the Islands on the coast of Dalmatia.
VIENNA, May 10. In the answer of the Hungarian Diet to the Emperor's propositions, it is requested that in order to prevent the rapid succession of one war after another, the Constitutional Articles of 1608 and 1618, should remain in full force, according to which the voice of the Hungarians is never to be excluded from his majesty's councils. The Deputies declare that they hold wars in abhorrence, and only think those just that are unavoidably necessary. That the nature of the military system in Hungary is purely defensive, and they hope his majesty will never recede from his love of peace. Since bank notes, gold, silver, and copper, are no longer in circulation, the States, in order to revive the trade of Hungary, request his majesty to grant the free export of goods, particularly to Galicia, and to abolish all the toll duties in the interior. They request him to promote the working of the mines in Hungary and Transylvania, and that no more bank bills should be brought into circulation. They acknowledge the advantages of a standing army, and their duty to furnish the levy en masse; but they request that the number of men raised should be in proportion to the necessity of the measure; that they should not exceed the revenue appropriated to maintain them; and that none but volunteers should be taken into the service. And lastly, they request, that his majesty, having laid aside the title of Emperor of Germany, would come and reside among them.
WARSAW, May 11. The Grand Army forms now an uninterrupted chain from Braunsherg to the Baltic, in a circuit of 70 leagues.
FRANKFORT, May 12. According to letters from the French headquarters, the emperor Napoleon is constantly occupied with business of the greatest importance and great part of his time is devoted to affairs of the cabinet. Reports arrive every moment from the several corps of the army.
His majesty employs some hours every day in inspecting the different positions of the troops. According to letters from Vienna, the emperor of Austria is to proceed from Offen to Galicia, where it is supposed he will hold a very important assembly. No doubt is entertained at Vienna of the offered mediation of Austria, for the restoration of a general peace, having been accepted by all the belligerent powers.
BERLIN, May 16. Since our last (alluding to a letter from Berlin, dated May 13, and which is in the Hamburg papers, brought by the Hufnuss Mail) we have received no farther authentic accounts from the grand army. In the mean time, we learn by private letters from different parts of Poland and Prussia, that in the beginning of the present month, a great number of rivers had overflowed their banks, had again laid under water those immense plains which had just begun to dry. It is reported, that the fortress of Neisse, in Silesia, has surrendered. It is also said, that the king of Sweden has ratified the armistice, and has signified his readiness to enter into a negotiation for peace, under the mediation of Denmark.
LONDON, May 27. We trust that the subsidies to be sent to Foreign Courts, are the consequences, and not the causes of their warlike disposition. British money may assist Europe in the recovery of her independence; it will and ought never to bribe her to undertake it. So far from thinking that our subsidies can alone induce the Continental states to contend with France, it is our firm conviction, that unless they feel a very different and stronger motive, they never can resist her with effect. It is true, we have a common cause; but the other nations of Europe must feel it to be their own as well as ours, before they can do justice to it. Enormous subsidies have an obvious tendency to purchase them of the contrary; and in fact, the notion that they were paid for making war by Great-Britain, produced moral effects on the armies and peacantry of Germany during last war, infinitely more prejudicial to the common interests, than the additional clothing and pay which we furnished, proved beneficial. Exclusive of the inconvenience to which an extensive system of subsidies would now expose our finances, we are persuaded, that the force of Europe will ultimately be directed against France with more probability of success, if the main spring of the war is left to be her own sense of injury and danger, and the main support of it to her own exertions and indignation. We may relieve and assist our friends but we cannot purchase friendship with money.
Domestic.
To the Governor, Mayor, and members of the Corporation of New-York. GENTLEMEN, Yesterday my desire to satisfy public curiosity at the stated minute was as great as my never ceasing anxiety to see our labours and coast placed beyond the power of foreign insults; and I lament exceedingly that numbers were disappointed by the explosion not taking place on the first attack. But it has given me much additional confidence in my Engines, and I hope it will be some satisfaction to you and the public to know that the failure of the first attack was occasioned by the trifling circumstance of the lock being placed under the torpedo, so that when it struck, the powder fell out of the pan and did not take fire. On taking the torpedoes out of water where they had been for two hours, I found the locks and powder perfectly dry, and I immediately discovered the cause of the failure which I corrected by placing a piece of quick-match in the charge which the lock contained. Thus arranged, the fire was communicated to the 70 pounds of powder in the body of the torpedo. An explosion took place and the brig was decomposed.
"You have now seen the effect of the explosion of powder under the bottom of a vessel, and this I believe, is the best and most simple mode of using it with the greatest effect in marine wars; for a right application of one torpedo will annihilate a ship of the line nor leave a man to relate the dreadful catastrophe. Thus should a ship of the line containing 500 men contend with 10 good row boats each with a torpedo and 10 men, the would risk total annihilation, while the boats under the cover of the night and quick movements would risk only a few men out of 100."
"When two ships of equal force engage it may be doubtful which will gain the victory; frequently one hundred men are killed on each side, as many wounded, and the ships much injured; but even the vanquished vessel will admit of being repaired, and thus the number of ships of war are not diminished, but continue to increase, and tyrannic over the rights of neutrals and peaceable nations. Having now clearly demonstrated the great effect of explosion under water, it is easy to conceive that by organization and practice, the application of the torpedoes will, like every other art, progress to perfection. Little difficulties and errors will occur in the commencement, as has been the case in all new inventions, but where there is so little expense, so little risk, and so much to be gained, it is worthy of consideration, whether this system should not have a fair trial. Gunpowder within the last 300 years has totally changed the art of war, and all my reflections have led me to believe that this application of it will in a few years put a stop to maritime wars, and give that liberty on the seas which has been long and anxiously desired by every good man, and secure to America that liberty of commerce, tranquility and independence which will enable her citizens to apply their mental and corporal faculties to useful and humane pursuits, to the improvement of our country, and the happiness of the whole people."
"Gentlemen, with deference I submit this view of the subject to you and every thinking American. I have the honor to be, with profound respect, your most obedient and very humble servant,
ROBT. FULTON."
SAVANNAH, July 14. Report says, that two of our Pilots came up from the Light-House last evening, and mention that they were robbed of their Water, in 1-2 fathom, by a British ship of War, which one of the officers told them was the Penelope, but they suppose her to be the Indian—she had the American Ensign hoisted, and one of the officers had on an American Uniform—they were particularly inquisitive as to the minds of the people in town, whether they were preparing for War, or whether they considered themselves at War, with his Britannic Majesty, &c.
Arrived on the 12th inst. the schooner Mary Ann, capt. A. I. Hinton, in 14 days from St. Thomas's. Capt. H. informs, that on the 28th ult. he was spoke by a British sloop cutter, and ordered to hoist out his boat and come on board with his papers, and while in the act of
launching her, several guns were fired at his vessel from the cutter; after which, he boarded the cutter, where he was detained an hour, and then heur, and then he was ordered to proceed on his voyage. Same night was fired into by the sloop of war Peart, capt. Campbell, who ordered him to come on board with his papers, which was complied with. Capt. C. detained capt. H. and two of his men on board Peart, and sent three of his men on board the schooner with instructions to proceed to Tortola; but owing to the mismanagement of the crew, the schooner was thrown on her beam ends, which shifted the cargo, and injured it materially—finding it impossible to work the vessel in such a condition, the Englishman sent capt. H. and his men on board of his vessel, and took his own on board the Peart—when capt. H. was permitted to prosecute his voyage as well as he could.
Capt. H. on the 11th inst. about twelve miles to the northward of Tybee, was boarded by an officer, from a tender to a British sloop of war, and was carried on board the sloop in the tender's boat. The conduct of the officer from the tender, to capt. H. was extremely abusive—damning him for an American and a Yankee, and the colours under which he failed, and for not hoisting them when he saw one of his majesty's vessels of war, and asking him with a sneer, Whether he did not know that war was declared between Great-Britain and America?
Should this question prove to be a truth, these "loyal subjects" may smell the bilge water in old Charon's boat, before they with it.
Captain Spence, of the brig Hamlet, from the Isle of France, informs us that markets there for American produce were lower than at New-York; and that produce are high, owing to the late hurricane that had destroyed the crops of Maize, and wrecked the vessel on the Madagascar coast for rice. Indian corn, 5 dollars per cwt. Rice 10 dollars per cwt. Crop of coffee on the ground far from promising.
For the benefit of all concerned in vessels or cargoes, bound to or proceeding from New-Orleans. By the schooner Mary, captain Vrignaud, from Havanna.
"New orders had been issued by the British Board of Admiralty to detain and send in for adjudication, all vessels defined as above mentioned, under the slightest circumstances of suspicion of their having French or Spanish property on board. And the British government have done away all responsibility on the part of any captain of any ship of war or privateer, so that he is not personally responsible for any damages by detention and trial, when the vessel and cargo shall be acquitted; but government pays the expense. Hence vessels are liable to be detained and sent in on the slightest suspicion."
Entrust of a letter from the American Consul at Canton, to a gentleman in this city, dated, CANTON, March 22.
"I mentioned in my last, that soon after your leaving here, the Gentlemen of the English ships fired a small Mandarin-house in front of the Imperial factory. This affair was, however, soon settled; but about the same time, the crew of the company's ship Neptune were at town on liberty, who outrageously beat the Chinese—one of them has since deceased, which has caused a great ferment. This government demanded one of the crew to be given up, which has been refused; the company have been dropped from sending on board their ships for the last ten days. This restriction will probably continue until a man is obtained, or the ships will go without their cargoes. The Chinese have been mustering their forces at the Boca Tigris, and, it is said, in large numbers, with a heavy train of Artillery; the victory of this province set off yesterday for that encampment. Whether the Chinese intended preventing the company's ships from passing the Boca, is not known. It is very doubtful how this affair will end, but I think the government will have a man, or the trade of the company will be suspended for a time."
NEW-YORK, July 25. The Bald Eagle Pilot-Boat has been chartered by government and sailed from this port with sealed Orders. It is reported she is bound to the Mediterranean, to recall the American Squadron there.
At a late hour last night, the ship Walker, Clarke, arrived at this port in 11 days from Halifax, and Captain C. obligingly furnished the editor of the Mercantile Advertiser with a Halifax paper of the 7th inst. containing several interesting articles relative to the late affair with the U. S. frigate Chesapeake, and the following order of Admiral Berkeley.
BY THE HONORABLE GEORGE CRANFIELD BERKELEY, Vice-Admiral of the White, and Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Ships and Vessels employed in the River St. Lawrence, along the Coast of Nova Scotia, the Islands of St. John and Cape Breton, the Bay of Fundy, and at, and about, the Islands of Bermuda, or Somers Islands.
Whereas many Seamen, Subjects of His Britannic Majesty, & serving in His Majesty's Ships & Vessels, as per margin, while at anchor in the Chesapeake, deserted and entered on board the United States frigate the Chesapeake, and openly paraded the Streets of Norfolk, in fight of their officers under the American flag, protected by the Magistrates of the town, and the recruiting officer belonging to the above-mentioned American frigate; which Magistrates and Naval Officer, refused giving them up, although demanded by his Britannic Majesty's Consul, as well as the captains of the ships from which the said men had deserted; the captains and commanders of his majesty's ships and vessels under my command, are therefore, hereby required and directed, in case of meeting with the American frigate Chesapeake, at sea, and without the limits of the U. S. States, to fire on the captain of the said ship, and to require to search his ship for the deserters from the before mentioned ships, and to proceed and search for the same; and if a similar demand should be made by the American, he is permitted to search for deserters from their service, according to the customs and usage of civilized Nations, on terms of peace and amity with each other.
Given under my hand at Halifax, Nova-Scotia, the 18th day of June, 1807, (Signed) G. C. BERKELEY.
The respective Captains and Commanders of His Majesty's ships and vessels on the North American station. • Bellona, Bellona, Triumph, Obduracy, Halifax, Zebra (Cutters.)
We heard a report yesterday, that letters had been received in town from Halifax, which state, that two regiments in addition to those sent thither some months since, were expected at that place; and that a considerable force was also expected at Quebec, among which were three regiments of Scots Highlanders. (Aurora.)
A number of English officers from Canada are said to be now in different parts of the United States; on what business we have not heard, but we certainly suspect; and as we see none of them in their uniforms, we cannot but ask why and wherefore are they here? Ib.
BALTIMORE, July 25. The following information was politely handed by capt. B. Houlton, of the brig American.
The American was bound from this port to Trieste, a neutral port in the Adriatic, but captured by the English and carried into Malta, and the cargo detained—vessel cleared by giving security to bring proof.
A decisive victory was gained by the forces of Algiers over the troops of the Bey of Tunis, about the 15th of May, in the neighbourhood of Constantin—the news of which occasioned great rejoicing at Algiers.
Sidi Soliman Mili Mili was at Gibraltar, and part of his business appeared to be the purchasing of military stores for his master, one cargo of which he had sent for Tunis.
All the Portuguese squadron that was stationed at Gibraltar, with the exception of a sloop of war, one brig and a schooner, had gone off Algiers, probably with a view of co-operating with Tunis.
LIST Of American vessels captured and carried into Malta for adjudication, from the 7th of April to the 8th of June, furnished by captain Houlton, of brig American, in 46 days from Malta.
Brig Joshua Potts, Buell, of North Carolina, from Gallipoli for Marfeilles, with oil, vessel and cargo condemned, May 16.
Ship Nymph, of and from Baltimore, for Leghorn, condemned May 27.
Brig American, Houlton, from Baltimore for Trieste, vessel and cargo cleared, appealed for by the captors.
Schr. Fair American, of Duxbury, from Naples to Leghorn, with fish, vessel and cargo condemned, May 23d.
Ship Carpenter, Myers, of Salisbury, from Manfredonia, for Lisbon, with wheat, vessel and cargo detained for further proof.
Brig Lillie, Bradford, of Duxbury, from Leghorn for Messina, with oil, vessel and cargo condemned May 27.
Brig Victory, Lewis, of Boston, from Brendille for Lisbon, wheat, liberated to pay cost and charges!
Ship Juliana, Collins, of Boston, from Manfredonia for Lisbon, wheat, vessel liberated, cargo detained for further proof.
Ship Glory, Moor, of Philadelphia, from Smyrna for Trieste, with cotton and galls, not tried.
Brig Eclipse, Smith, of Boston, from Gallipoli for Copenhagen, with oil, not tried.
Brig Henry, of Bath, from Smyrna for Lisbon, with cotton and glass, not tried.
Ship Massachusetts, Buntin, of Newburyport, from Leghorn for Manfredonia, ballast, condemned 3d June.
Brig Pennsylvania, McPheron, of Philadelphia, from Trieste for Canton, with quick-silver and specie, not tried.
Barque George, Jones Prince, of Salem, from Leghorn for Gallipoli, ballast, not tried.
Schooner Betsey Fulcher, Lickwood, of N. York, from Gallipoli for Copenhagen, oil, not tried.
Barque Lydia, Head, of Cape Ann, do. do. do.
Schr. Charles, Soule, of Duxbury, from Alicante for Panza, filk, do. Ship Fortune, Johnson, of Newburyport, from Smyrna for Lisbon.
Brig Peace, ——, from Gallipoli, for Copenhagen, oil.
The two last arrived the day on which the American failed.
From the Merchants' Coffee-House Books, July 24.
Arrived, brig American, Houlton, 46 days from Malta—Ballast—W. Cole. Captain H. informs that the British cruizers in the Mediterranean had captured every American vessel they fell in with.
A number of American vessels were to sail from Smyrna and Gallipoli during the month of June, which were expected to be taken and carried into Malta, as it was impossible to escape the privateers in that part of the Mediterranean.
Captain H. informs that about a fortnight before he left Malta, accounts were received of the English having been defeated at some village in the neighbourhood of Alexandria, in Egypt, with the loss of 1500 killed and wounded. That while at Malta two of the bodies of their generals killed in the action, were brought there. It was reported that the British admiral Louis was dead.
CHARLESTON, July 20.
Yesterday afternoon, we received by the ship Mercury, London papers of the 28th May. Want of room prevents our giving extracts from them this day; they contain no important events.—The expedition under general Crawford had arrived at the Cape of Good Hope; its ultimate destination was not known. Some suppose it was to go against the Isles of France and Re-Union; others that it was intended to reinforce the troops in the River Plate. These papers contain a congratulatory letter from the President of the United States to the King of Holland, in answer to one informing of his being called to the throne of Holland, which they state was intercepted in a vessel in the North Sea, by one of the squadron of Admiral Russell. It appears somewhat strange, that in the time of peace; a letter of that nature should be intercepted and published. Admiral Duckworth had returned to England, and it was supposed would be brought to a court-martial. The accounts from the continent in these papers, are not so late as those received by the John & Francis, from Bordeaux. City Gaz.
LEXINGTON, July 7.
By a private letter of the 15th ult. from Natchez we are informed that, the supreme court of the Mississippi territory had discharged Blannerhasset and Tyler, for want of evidence of their guilt; that Ralston and Floyd were indicted in the circuit court of Wilkinson county, and a demurrer to the indictments was sustained by the court, and that Blannerhasset had set out for home.
WASHINGTON, July 22.
COMMUNICATION.
Among the other military movements and preparations, which have been adopted by our Executive with the approbation of an unanimous people, we hear that a Fort or Battery is determined on at the point of Warburton, or Digges's Landing, about 11 miles below this city and six from Alexandria. The proximity of a deep narrow channel to its shore, and a highly favorable bend of the river at that point for the annoyance of ships as they pass, and which general Washington had fixed on as the most proper one for a Fort, which the banks of its strength and magnificent river affords, seems to point it out as a most eligible situation for the purpose. Nat. Int.
Extra of a letter from Fort Stoddert, dated June 30.
"The Dons of the town of Mobile are as troublesome as ever. A short time since, there were taken from New-Orleans for Fort Stoddert, a considerable quantity of military stores, consisting of two hundred muskets, bayonets and cartridge boxes, a quantity of musket balls, cartridges, cannon & musket powder, lead, &c. which the commandant at Mobile would not permit to pass; but had them landed and stored until he should receive further instructions from the governor-general of the Floridas.—The day after the commandant sent off an officer with dispatches to the
governor-general who was at New Orleans; in reply to which the governor wrote to him as follows: "By your official letter of the 27th of May last, I am informed of the mode adopted by you to deposit the military stores destined for Fort Stoddert, in the Schooner Ann—in conformity with the note accompanying—which you will accordingly cause to remain so deposited, until the business shall be arranged with the American government, which is, what occurs to me in answer to your said official letter." The commandant at Mobile, immediately communicated a copy of this letter to the American lieut. commandant, advising him that he copied the same for his information, in case he should think proper to lay the answer before his government. Ib.
It is a fact, but little known in the middle and eastern states, that a very large portion of the uplands of the southern and western country is happily adapted to the culture of RICE. As this plant is the most productive that grows in furnishing food to man, it is highly important that its cultivation should be extended, and particularly that species of it that succeeds in a dry soil. It is quite distinct from that which is raised in the low grounds of Georgia and South Carolina; and the circumstances attending its introduction into the United States are eminently entitled to notice and preservation, as they cannot fail to hold out inducements to the trial of other exotics, whose naturalization might contribute to our comfortable subsistence. These circumstances are the following, which may be fully depended upon, as they are derived from the very gentlemen who share the merit of introducing this valuable plant into the U. S.
A short time after the revolutionary war, Mr. Jefferson was informed by Mr. Nathaniel Cutting, now in the city of Washington, that he was about going to the coast of Africa, who tendered his services in the execution of any commission entrusted to him. Mr. Jefferson observed that he had understood there grew there a species of the Rice plant, that flourished very well on high and dry ground, intimated the great advantages that might flow from its naturalization in the United States, and requested Mr. Cutting, if possible, to obtain some of the seed. Mr. Cutting, fully sensible of the importance of the object, did not overlook his request, but sent to Mr. Jefferson, then at Philadelphia, a few bushels of the seed. Mr. Jefferson immediately sent a part of the seed to the Agricultural Society at Charleston, and distributed the residue among a number of intelligent farmers in the different sections of the southern country. The success which ensued is only surpassed by that which crowned the raising the cotton plant. It was found to succeed admirably on the high grounds of the Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee, where the soil was strong and rich, which property is represented as indispensable. It has accordingly spread extensively through these states, and may, it is presumed, be raised as high as the 40th degree of north latitude. The product is frequently forty bushels an acre, and has been known it is said, to reach eighty. In short, where the land is favorable, it would seem to yield a larger profit to the planter, than any other article that can be raised by him, and of all the products of this country to be only inferior in the profit it yields to the sugar cane.
We hope this statement will have two good effects; one, to stimulate the planters of Maryland to try how far their best grounds are fitted for the cultivation of this valuable plant; the other, by showing how much an individual may benefit his country by availing himself of opportunities in his power to encourage our citizens generally, when peculiar circumstances offer the means, to attempt the naturalization of other foreign plants.
We cannot close this article without the notice of one important effect that may flow from the introduction of this species of rice plant into this country. None but blacks are able, it is said, to cultivate low land rice; and this circumstance has been urged as a reason for slavery. This will be altogether removed in case a sufficient quantity of rice can be raised more profitably from dry than overflowed ground, and the latter be more advantageously devoted to meadow, which, under a proper management, must afford a higher profit than any other purpose to which it can be devoted. Ib.
ALEXANDRIA, July 22.
We have been favored with the following anecdote of captain Chauncy, of the United States navy. Its genuine YANKEE SPIRIT will not be unpleasant to our readers at this crisis. Bait. Ev. Post.
A short time since captain Chauncy returned from a voyage to the East-Indies, which, under a furlough, he had made as a private citizen. On the passage home, in the Indian ocean, he was brought too by a British ship of war of 64 guns, and a lieutenant and 10 or 12 men put on board the ship. The British officer, an imperinent puppy, without even saluting captain C. as a person having any pretensions to gentility would have done, immediately ordered one of his men to stand by the helm. Capt. C. justly offended, told his sailor to knock any man down who attempted to take his place without his (Chauncy's) orders. The attempt was made, and the English sailor, by prostration, paid his tribute of veneration to the nerve of the Yankee.—The lieutenant now ripped out as many handsome oaths and threats as a person could wish, and advanced to take the helm himself—Chauncy stepped before him, and upon the Englishman's laying his hand upon it, seized him by the scruff of the neck and threw him overboard into the boat.—Upon this the lieutenant and his men went off and captain C. was presently boarded by 60 or 70 men, among them the first officer of "his majesty's ship," who abused captain C. in words not a little for his treatment to the lieutenant; who replied, I treated the puppy as he deserved. He either did not know his duty and the manners of a gentleman, or would not exercise them. You have now a superior force on board the ship—do what you please—Captain C. then went on board the man of war, where he received some more compliments from the commodore, to which he replied in the same manner; without giving way one inch to that spirit which characterizes too many of the officers of the British navy. This spirit probably preferred him from the effects of their violence, and he was dismissed as the d—-st obstinate Yankee rascal they ever met with, without knowing him as any thing else than the master of a common East-Indiaman.
Previous to leaving the British ship, capt. Chauncy very leisurely took a memorandum of the officers' names who insulted him, saying, "perhaps I may come at what you say, when you shall know who and what I am."
Col. Joseph Calhoun, is elected a member of Congress to represent the united districts of Abbeville, Laurens and Newberry, (S. C.) in the room of Gen. Levy Caley, deceased.
NORFOLK, July 27.
Yesterday fortnight the Chesapeake frigate was towed up into our harbour, little better than a hulk,

without a mast or shroud standing, to day we have the satisfaction to perceive her completely ready for sea. Great credit is due to Cannomere Dwyer and his officers, for the activity which he and they have displayed in preparing this ship for sea in so short a time, and under very unfavourable circumstances. Scarcely a day has passed without rain, and some days it has never ceased to rain; we are confident that with a common share of fair weather, she would be ready for sea four days since. Without wishing to revive at this time a subject of dispute, we cannot forbear remarking that this circumstance ought to prove to the navy department the superior advantages of this place over Washington for naval equipments. Had the Chesapeake have been sent to Washington to refit, we do not believe she would have been ready for sea under six weeks or two months from this date.  Ledger.
The Revenge , government Schooner, is in Hampton Roads, and proceeds immediately to England with the communications from the executive to our ministers in London, touching the affair of the Chesapeake. She may be expected to arrive in England about the first of September, before which, the British government and people will not only have received an account of the transaction, but of the contents of the letter which it has excited in the United States, together with the President's Proclamation. The first account of this affair will probably reach England about the 27th of August, by two ships that left this place the 27th and 28th of June, by each of which we forwarded to our correspondents our extra sheet of the 24th of June, besides which we know that an unusual number of our correspondents went by the same vessels. The Proclamation went from here on the 9th or 10th of July, by two vessels for England. The minds of the government and of the British nation will therefore be prepared before the revenge arrives; the effects produced in England we shall discover and possibly feel, about the middle of September. If the British government is determined to sustain Admiral Berkeley, orders will be given to seize and capture our vessels without exception; if otherwise, they will not be interrupted. The English government will perceive that war is inevitable, if it avows the principle of searching our national ships, and act accordingly.  Ib.
A U. States' Schooner, from the Mediterranean, supposed to be the Enterprise , went up the Bay yesterday.  Ib.
July 28.  The two British officers and three sailors, taken at the Bay-side a few days ago, by a company of the Princess-Ann militia, under Lieut. Walton , were brought to town on Sunday evening, by the detachment of cavalry commanded by Captain Mordaugh . The officers, we understand, are allowed on their parole, and the sailors are confined.  Herald.
NEW-ORLEANS, June 22.  On Thursday evening last, commodore Shaw failed for Washington city, in the Ketch Vesuvius . The command of the squadron on this station, devolves on capt. Leonard . Whilst commodore Shaw was in command here, his conduct as an officer and gentleman, was so exemplary that it gained him the esteem of all who knew him, and he carries with him the love of his fellow-citizens. We think he merits a higher rank than he holds in the service of his country.
Gen. Langham , having been required to superintend the raising of volunteers in Ohio, has published a declaration that he could not consent to officiate while gen. Wilkinson is commander in chief.  Danv. Inf.
Extract of a letter received at Augusta, dated ATHENS, July 5, 1807.  President Meigs has returned from North-Carolina—The Commissioners have amicably adjusted the boundary line, between this State and North-Carolina. Col. Hammock , from St. Louis, U. S. T. was here yesterday—I am sorry to learn from the Colonel, that Lieut. Pike , and company, are killed by the Autage Indians, near the head waters of Red River, which they were exploring—It is understood that they were killed through the influence of the Spaniards.
The Enquirer.
RICHMOND, 31st JULY.
Extract of a letter from an officer in the Virginia Detachment, in the Elizabeth River, July 25th.
"We have at length bid adieu to Norfolk and its hospitable inhabitants. Believe me, I have never experienced so much heart-winning kindness; and it is with the utmost amazement that I have heard the miserable misrepresentation which have circulated in your city on this subject. Every door seemed opening upon us as if to admit us; and every table was spread with the luxuries of the season to receive the volunteers of their country. The same hospitality extended to the men as well to their officers."
"A few short reflections will conclude the correspondence which I have maintained on the subject of our short campaign—I had intended to have decorated my pages with a miniature picture of the character and conduct of our commander in chief; but I have no personal recentiments against Gen. Matthews ; and the arrangements which are likely to be adopted into the detachments about Norfolk, will probably disrobe him of all his importance as a public character. It was more to my wish to show the absurdity of employing Cavalry instead of Infantry, on the hilly lands of Lynnhaven Bay; but I reserve this talk to abler hands."
"The scenes which I have lately visited, naturally suggest one question to my mind, that is peculiarly interesting at this crisis. What is the best policy which we can adopt towards Great Britain?"
"I cannot myself entertain a moment's doubt, that Humphrey's conduct has been dictated by his government. Still the position is not absolutely certain; and it may behoove us to give the British an opportunity of making an effectual reparation. In the mean time prudence would dictate the making of every necessary preparation. An embargo would have been an unpolitic measure; because it would have been contravened by a similar measure on the part of G. B. and we have more property in their ports, than they have in ours. The merchants now know enough of our precarious situation, to be satisfied that war with Great Britain, is a probable event: when they see the government adopting military measures, let them look to that event. Let them be securing their property, and our seamen now in British Ports and on the ocean. Mean time our government may secure our armed vessels now in the Mediterranean. Our regular force may be in a state of equipment; and the officers of the 100,000 militia, now called out by the President, should not relax one moment in their preparation. Forts may be equipping; and Gun-boats may be building. And it is believed, that all negotiations with G. B. on other points will be suspended until the amplest reparation, for this outrage have been obtained. If she refuses, the information may arrive in this country about the middle of October, when Congress perhaps may be expected to meet. This picture naturally brings the naval preparations of Norfolk full into my view. These principally embrace the Fours, the Gun-boats and the Chesapeake."
"The gun-boats which are now on the stocks, are of a different construction from those which were formerly built. Instead of being very fat at the bow and stern, and containing 2 thirty-two pounders, one in the stern and the other in the bow, the present boats are smaller, shaped like pilot-boats and sharper in the keel, and contain but a single thirty-two pounder in their bow. They are of course more rapid in their movements, and still capable of going into a sufficiently shallow water to answer the purposes for which they are intended. The former gun-boats which are already equipped and lying at Norfolk around the Chesapeake, are of the old construction. The four that I saw at Gosport, (the southern extremity of Portsmouth) building under the superintendence of the U. S. naval agent, the respectable Mr. Beldinger are on the new plan. These will be completely equipped in a very few days. Four others have been constructed at Hampton, and four more (I believe) in the county of Matthews. The whole of these will be in a state of complete equipment in a short time. On Friday evening, I saw the shell of one of the Hampton boats, towed by another vessel, about a half of a mile below Fort Nelson. It was about to be conducted to the naval yard at Gosport to receive its rigging and equipment."
"The Elizabeth river is defended by two Fours; Fort Nelson on the fourth side of the river, about three-fourths of a mile below Portsmouth, and Fort Norfolk about half a mile below the other Fort. Fort Nelson is in the most complete state of preparation. It is commanded by Captain Saunders , from whose intrepidity, too much cannot be expected. At present, it contains 24 eighteen pounders; and its situation is so advantageous, as to expose every vessel, that is destined to Norfolk, a considerable time to its point-blank cannon. The art of the Fort is however defensible. A body of marines might land, attack it on that side, seize it, spike its cannon, blow up its magazine, and do incalculable mischief to its parapets, before the military force of Portsmouth could march to its rescue. I have understood that Captain Saunders is now on a negotiation with the government to this effect. He proposes to dig a fosse at the rear of the Fort, which may communicate with the water of the Elizabeth river. The situation of the ground is so admirably adapted to the purpose, that a complete line of circumvallation might be drawn around the Fort. Fort Norfolk was a few days past, in a very deplorable condition. Its parapets were overthrown; and its guns dismounted. But owing to the volunteer exertions of the patriotic citizens of Norfolk, it is now rising from its ruins, and will be in a very respectable state of preparation in a few days. It is intended to contain 18 eighteen pounders."
"Commodore Decatur has displayed the most assiduous activity and skill in the expeditious repairing of the Chesapeake. All her masts are up, and the wounds inflicted on her sides by the perfidious balls of the British, are completely healed. But not so is her honor! As our troops descended the Elizabeth river, we were saluted by the company of artillery on the shore; by the cannon of the two Fours; by the French Frigate, the Cybele , who cheered us from all her broadsides, and paid the extraordinary honour of lowering an lifting her national flag not less than five times. But the salutations of our own frigates was much less honourary and complete. We were cheered from her broadsides: But no artillery; no flag announced our departure. We were at first inclined to be wounded by this cold civility: But, on enquiring the reason, our astonishment was converted into compassion. Alas! She was a disarmed vessel ; and it was a rule in the navy that the ship whose honor was under a cloud, could confer none upon others. We heard this explanation with a sigh, but immediately an involuntary exclamation burst from our lips: "If Barron has disgraced you, Decatur will revive your honor."
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
AN OVERLAND EXPEDITION TO INDIA.
It has been for some time believed that the French government meditated an overland expedition to the British dominions in India; but the difficulties which were in the way, tempted many persons to treat the question as a visionary project, plausible in theory, but impossible in practice. The British government have hastened the question to maturity. The intense demand made upon the Porte induced the Sultan of Turkey to strengthen the ties of friendship with France. The army was immediately prepared for war, and every corps is instructed and organized by a French officer. It may therefore be concluded, that the expedition to India will receive not only the countenance from the government of Turkey, but aid from the people.
The great empire of Persia is situated between Turkey and India, it is therefore necessary to obtain the co-operation of that power. We have been advised that an alliance has been formed between the Emperors of France and Persia; and now we perceive, that a very distinguished French general, GARDANNE , has gone to Persia, and is accompanied by 300 French officers of different grades, and as many artillerymen. These officers and artillerymen will be sufficient to organize an army of Persians, with which, without further aid, the British possessions in India might be attacked: But it is not likely that the Emperor of France will depend upon that resource. He will send an army of Frenchmen through Turkey and Persia, and will obtain such assistance from each of those powers as may promote the object. Nor is this all. The Russians and Persians are at war. By the means of the French officers and artillerymen, the Persian armies will be better qualified to wage a successful war against the Russians; and in this way, the Emperor of France will weaken the Russian force, and, perhaps, curtail and circumscribe that mighty empire. Such will be the first fruits of the plan, and of course the first object of his care. While, therefore, the war between these powers requires the employment of all their force against the common enemy of Europe and Asia, the expedition to India will be deferred; but whenever the Russian government shall, from necessity or policy, make a just and reasonable peace, the overland expedition to India may, and no doubt will be, successfully prosecuted.
FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND UNITED AMERICANS, vs
GEORGE THE THIRD KING OF ENGLAND.
"For a nation to be free, 'tis sufficient that she wills it." The people of the United States, having renewed their local compact, by the most general and patriotic declarations, such as no historian has recorded, and it now becomes as much their duty as it ought to be their policy, forever to guarantee and perpetuate those rights and blessings, the preservation of which has rendered the new covenant necessary: And what it will be asked are the measures to which we ought to resort.
If we were, as Great Britain is, infatuated, without territorial connexion with that or any other nation, or if it was certain that a just and permanent treaty could be formed with that tyrannical and marauding government, it would not now be necessary to take any precautionary steps. It would be enough to declare, that we will perpetuate those rights which we have pledged ourselves to protect; and that peace which we adore and intend to cherish. An attitude of defence and defiance would suffice.
The British King is our enemy. Our country is contaminated & polluted by a contact with that soil which owes obedience to him. He has, without the smallest provocation on our part, summoned us to rise in arms. His iniquities have induced us to renew our local covenants. He has compelled us to unsheath the sword, and there are not less than five hundred thousand ready to leap from their scabbards; not an American who is not ready to risk his life and fortune to support these renovated covenants.  George the third has no suspicion of the events which have lately happened. He could not conceive it possible that a whole nation would at the same instant receive, as it were an electrical shock. And that a half a million of men, each one purifying his private avocations, all on a sudden would array themselves as soldiers, without other excitements, than their patriotic ardor. When our implacable foe shall hear of these things, then will he tremble for his adjoining dominions. Then he will know, that there are tens of thousands of volunteers, ready to purify the soil of Nova Scotia and Canada, of tyrants, pirates and slaves, and say to the people, "you are free."
Extract from a letter to the Editor of the Enquirer; dated
WASHINGTON, July 27, 1807.
"Observing a piece in your paper of the 24th inst. speaking of the civilities to be expected from captain Hardy, the friend of the departed Hero, Lord Nelson; for my part, I shall put much more in the brave citizens of Norfolk and Hampton, and the friendly reinforcements which they received from your city, which did honour to itself. I am informed by a gentleman who was on board captain Hardy's ship, that while the Chesapeake was approaching the Leopard, captain Hardy hove short and had a block placed under the cable, with a man standing ready with an axe, to cut away, in case the Leopard could not accomplish her purpose (that did not show that he put much confidence in British valour) as the Chesapeake had only 40 guns mounted, and the Leopard had 56. Besides a number of the crew belonging to the Chesapeake, were raw, undisciplined, and never had been exercised. Whereas the Leopard had a complete crew, well exercised, and had been at their quarters at 9 o'clock, A. M. as the above mentioned gentleman had left her that morning, to go on board the Triumph. (His name I do not recollect, but he is well known in Purdie's tavern, Hampton, and Glen's Norfolk.) The British mode of making seamen, is the best or most lucrative in the world, and it is well known to most part of it. Their method is when a trading vessel goes to sea, they take all hands out and make able seamen of them, and retain the vessel and cargo, to indemnify them for their trouble. I believe Douglas's scheme for leaving Hardy on the station, was to put a plaster on the fore which he made, and procure supplies; but I hope his plan will prove abortive. The only honorable satisfaction which England can make to the U. States, is to hang Berkeley. The life of that old assassin, would be but a small compensation for the three men which his orders murdered on board the Chesapeake, when executed by the cowardly Humphreys. If the orders originated with the British government, let the vengeance of the United States be directed against that government, whose numerous pirates destroy the industry of man."
"It is a well known fact, that as long as the British government remains master of the ocean, their navy must be supported by the plunder which it makes; and the honest American citizen will be unwilling to hazard himself or the fruit of his industry. I hope the next meeting of Congress will fix their fate, and let them be swallowed in the vortex which they have made."
COMMUNICATION.
A report prevails, that our frigate the Constitution, has been attacked in the Mediterranean, by a ship of the line and a frigate, and after a resistance of five hours, struck her flag.
If this is true, it will be in vain to temporize any longer, or to listen to those who may allure themselves with the hope, that the political horizon will become clear, and that we shall enjoy the sun-beams of peace. The insults which we have long suffered, proceeding from the right or privilege of search, exercised by the British, cry aloud for redress, and there is but one mode of permanent redress. That is to refuse in future a search upon any principle, of any vessel wearing the colours of the United States, unless in cases of actual blockade. This and this only, will secure the rights and privileges of an independent nation.
VIRGINIA—Tappahannock, Essex County, July 20th, 1807.
At a meeting of a large number of the citizens of this county, for the purpose of taking into consideration the late attack by the British ship of war, the Leopard , on the United States' frigate Chesapeake .
Col. William Waring, was called to the chair—and
John P. Lee, appointed secretary. A committee to draft resolutions, was then, by consent appointed by the chair, of the following gentlemen: James M. Garnett, Taliaferro Hunter, Archibald Ritchie, Newman Brockdenborough, James Hunter, James Webb, Andrew Monroe, Thomas Potts, James Sale, Shrewsbury Reynolds and Thomas Brockdenborough.
The committee retired, and after some time returned the following, which were adopted without a dissenting voice.
Resolved unanimously, That we consider the cowardly attack made by the British ship Leopard , on the United States' frigate Chesapeake , and atrocious murder of our fellow citizens, as the most outrageous violation of right, that has ever been committed on us, and that it fully justifies the indignant feeling that has been expressed in every part of America.
Resolved unanimously, That in our opinion, the relations of peace between Great Britain and our country, can no longer be honorably maintained, without we receive the most prompt and ample atonement.
Resolved unanimously, That our confidence in the government, does not permit us to doubt its adopting such measures as the honor and the interest of the nation require.
Resolved unanimously, That although we are sincerely desirous of peace with all the world, yet we unhesitatingly abjure it, if it cannot be maintained with honor; and if a resort to war be necessary, we pledge for its support, "our lives, our fortunes and sacred honor."
Resolved unanimously, That in our opinion, a war with Great Britain will subject us to temporary evils, but may ultimately produce solid benefits, if we force our enemies to produce solid benefits, and if we take thousands of their artisans to now we employ and render us more truly independent, and save the whole machinations which the civilized world.
Resolved unanimously, That the conduct and promiscuous and Hampton, on that occasion, and particularly the answer of Richard E. Lee to the commander of the British squadron, meet our warmest and entire approbation.
Resolved unanimously, That it is our opinion, that the late outrage committed by the Leopard , on the
Chesapeake, all the circumstances of the case being considered, must be viewed as an act of the British government.
Resolved unanimously, That a copy of these resolutions, be transmitted by the chairman, to the President of the United States and the governor of Virginia, and that they be published in the Enquirer.
WM. WARING. JOHN P. LEE, Secretary.
At a numerous meeting of the citizens of Prince Edward county, convened on previous public notice, at the court house, on Monday the 20th of July, 1807, for the purpose of expressing their feelings and opinions, on the subject of the late act of hostility committed on the Frigate Chesapeake , by the British ship of war Leopard .
Resolved unanimously, That Gen. Tarlton Woodson be appointed Chairman of this meeting, and Francis Watkins , secy. Secretary. A motion was then made that a committee should be appointed to prepare and report such resolutions, as shall, in their judgement be proper to be adopted by this meeting on the subject of the above-mentioned act of hostility. And a committee was appointed, consisting of Gen. Peter Johnston , Col. John Purnall , Maj. Robert Kelsoe , Col. Samuel W. Venable , Col. Charles Allen , Osborne Lockhart , Thomas Haskins , Robert Venable , Maj. Thomas Green , John Nall , ten. Maj. James Morton , Maj. Archibald Allen , Richard N. Venable and Dr. Gooch Wilson , who immediately retired and after some time returned, when a preamble and resolutions were reported by Peter Johnston, which after having been twice read, were agreed to by the meeting, and are in these words—
"We, the inhabitants of Prince Edward County, have heard with horror, of the lawful and atrocious attack, lately made on the Frigate Chesapeake belonging to the United States, by the British ship of war Leopard . An attack, especially when considered in connection with the circumstances which preceded it, calculated to arouse the strong feelings of every American the warmest indignation, and the bitterest resentment. If the sons of rapine and murder, shall be permitted, with impunity, to seize on the persons, and to shed the blood of our fellow citizens, vain have been our struggles for Liberty—And Independence is an empty sound."
1st. Therefore, Resolved unanimously, That we will pledge our lives and our property to the government of the U. States; and that we are prepared, without shrinking, to meet the hazard of both, in support of any measures of redress, or of vengeance for the unparalleled outrage, which may be adopted by the constituted authorities of our country.
2nd. Resolved unanimously, That although we do not arrogate to ourselves, the right of determining on any points, the decision of which appertains to government; yet it is our full conviction, that a total prohibition of British imports; domestic manufactures; the vigorous use of the rifle and the bayonet, afford the best means of redressing the wrongs of America.
3rd. Resolved unanimously, That the thanks of this meeting, are due to the citizens of Norfolk, Hampton and their vicinities, for the prompt spirit which they have exerted, and the decided measures which they have pursued on this interesting occasion.
4th. Resolved unanimously, That a copy of these resolutions, be transmitted by the chairman of this meeting, to the President of the United States, one to the Governor of Virginia, one to the corresponding committee of the city of Richmond, one to the editor of the Enquirer and one to the editor of the Virginia Argus.
TARLTON WOODSON, Chairman. F. WATKINS, Secretary.
We understand that orders issued a few days ago for the discharge of the Cavalry that went to Norfolk from this place and Petersburg, under the command of Major McRae .
We also understand, that the President of the United States having been consulted as to the course to be pursued with respect to the British seamen taken by the detachment of Cavalry under the command of captain Sheppard , has directed that they shall be permitted to return to their ships. It is most clearly understood that this direction is given, not in consequence of any right which they could urge; for the act of Congress on which the President's Proclamation is founded, and which ascertains the fulfilling relations between us and the British squadron remaining in our waters, in defiance of the authority of our government, would certainly justify their being held as prisoners of war.
We presume special reasons have induced the measure directed in this instance by the President; for we understand it is the determination of the government not to depart from the ground taken in the Proclamation; that the vigilance of the military has been applauded, and that they are instructed to use force without reserve, if force be necessary, to intercept all intercourse with the squadron, and to prevent their taking or receiving supplies.
When Commodore Preble put into Gibraltar some years ago, with one or two of the American squadron, ten or twelve seamen deserted from the frigate Constitution , and entered on board a British ship of war in the same harbour—Commodore Preble wrote a note to the commander of this ship, requesting him to have the seamen sent back, as a mark of friendship and good will. The British captain answered, that although the seamen were Americans, he would not give them up; that they voluntarily entered the British service, & that the British flag should protect them. The seamen were never given up.
[This fact now becomes very important and interesting; every one will be tempted to enquire, what it is which allows to the British, such an extraordinary preeminence, when an American sailor deserts, they say that their flag protects him; but when a British sailor deserts, they not only demand but enforce their claim by arms; and such are the doctrines, which we are now called upon to submit to or oppose—The united force of America has resolved upon the latter; and the appeal is now about to be made to the God of Battles.]
Died, on Saturday the 11th instant, at the house of Mr. John Bryce in Goochland county, the Rev. Mr. PERO G. SMITH , late from Massachusetts, aged 28 years.
'Tis finished! 'tis done! the spirit is fled, Our brother is gone, the Preacher is dead, The Christian is living in Jesus's love And gladly receiving a kingdom above. All honor and praise are Jesus's due, Supported by grace he fought his way thro'; Triumphant glorious thro' Jesus's zeal, And more than victorious the conqueror fell.
NORFOLK, July 29.
Captain Bentall informs us that a few days before he left Madeira, a brig arrived from Lisbon, which brought an account of an Earthquake on the 6th June, having done great damage to that city, particularly to the aqueduct.
The brig Flora , Capt. Bentall , arrived this morning from Charante and Madeira , left, June 5, in Rochfort Road , a French line of battle ship of 130 guns, 4 of 84, 2 frigates, and 4 brigs, blockaded by six English 74's at anchor off the mouth of the harbor, said they expected the French out every day. day.
Mr. Davis , pilot, was brought to yesterday by the Triumph , Sir Thomas Hardy , who put on board a black man belonging to Baltimore. Mr. D. was also informed, that there were
eight more Americans on board that would be given up on proper application.
The UNITED STATES' SCHOONER REVENGE , capt. READ , went to sea on Monday evening.
Ledger.
MILITARY FORCE.—The militia of the states and territories of the United States, arranged in the order of their relative strength, agreeably to the late returns made to the Secretary at War.
  1 Pennsylvania, 94,921   2 New-York, 74,494   3 Virginia, 69,762   4 Massachusetts, 62,556   5 North Carolina, 44,256   6 South Carolina, 32,548   7 Kentucky, 32,295   8 New Jersey, 30,895   9 New Hampshire, 29,786   10 Connecticut, 20,184   11 Georgia, 18,655   12 Vermont, 16,436   13 Tennessee, 16,102   14 Ohio, 16,137   15 Rhode-Island, 5,247   16 Mississippi Territory, 2,158   17 Indiana Territory, 2,991   18 District of Columbia, 1,910   19 Orleans Territory, First District, 1,447   20 Michigan Territory, 1,028 
Total, 563,240 No returns from Maryland or Delaware.
Mammoth Shot.—One of the red hot shot fired into the Standard, a British 74, in passing the Dardanelles, weighed 772 lbs. and was in circumference 6 feet 8 inches. It was at marble, and sat the ship on fire in several places—which the men were called from their quarters to extinguish.
We understand that a late Quebec paper mentions the arrival at that place of the frigate Crocodile , from Halifax, with intelligence that orders had been received by admiral Berkeley from the English government, "to take by force if necessary, the British seamen who were on board a frigate of the United States, carrying about 52 guns, and supposed to be then at sea."
The article which we yesterday copied from a Quebec paper has excited considerable commotion. It certainly possesses features of strong hostility to this country; and if its truth be ascertained, we can no longer hesitate how to act, we confess we are not prepared as yet to give it credit. If orders had been received at Halifax, for seizing British subjects in this manner, Douglas was doubtless in possession of them, and acted in conformity to them when he so shamefully assaulted the Chesapeake .
But if he were authorized by his government to commit this daring outrage, is it probable, that having only executed the orders of his government, he would afterwards have made the concessions he did to the Norfolk committee?—is it not more likely, that upheld as he supposed himself by the determinations of his government, he would have boldly avowed his orders and persevered still further in acts of violence? In this case he would have nothing to fear from the censure of his own government, because he acted by its orders: But his subsequent conduct, rather led to the conclusion that he had gone beyond his instructions. He therefore attempted to atone for it, by a fawning, distasteful prevarication.
We cannot however be but deeply anxious to have this interesting point placed beyond a doubt.
Ref.
PETERSBURG, July 29.
Yesterday morning at nine o'clock, arrived in town from their tour of duty at Norfolk, the Petersburg Republican Light Infantry , under the command of Capt. T. B. Robertson , and the company of militia commanded by Capt. Joseph Briggs .—We were highly pleased at their soldier-like appearance, and are happy to state that they are all in high health & spirits. With such men, who turn out with so much alacrity to obey the summons of the Executive, we have nothing to fear from the mercenaries of any foreign power. The battalion of militia under Major Byrne , together with Capt. Burk's Rifles Corps and Capt. Williams's Artillery, paraded to receive them with military honors—The whole were marched to Centre Hill, when Capt. Robertson made an eloquent and impressive speech to his company, expressing his high approbation of their conduct during their absence from this place; after which they were dismissed until their country shall again require their services; when, we have no doubt, they will be ready and willing "to march at a moment's warning."
ERRATA:—In the 10th line of the preamble to the Bent-Creek Resolutions , published in the Enquirer of the 17th inst. after the word "with" the following should have been inserted:—but those monorous deeds, when compared with, &c.
JUST RECEIVED AND FOR SALE, BY FITZWYLISSON & POTTER, Price 25 Cents, A Treatise on the Nature and Subjects of CHRISTIAN BAPTISM. I KREWISH a new edition of the AMERICAN PRECEPTOR, and a general assortment of other School Books, which will be sold cheap. They have also Music and Musical Instruments,

VIRGINIA: At a Superior Court of Chancery, held at the Capitol, in the City of Richmond, the 25th day May, 1807. THOMAS BURLING, and MARTHA his Wife, Pliffs. JOHN HOPKINS, Def. THE Defendant not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that he is not an inhabitant of this Country; on the motion of the Plaintiff, by their counsel, It is ordered , that the said Defendant, to appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the Plaintiff; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in the City of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the Capitol in the said City. A Copy. Teste, PETER TINSLEY, c. c. June 3.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT. WASHINGTON, April 28, 1807. Public notice is hereby given, THAT in pursuance of a Resolution of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, at a meeting held on the 23rd day of March 1807, James Davidson Esq. Cashier of the office of Discount and Deposit at Washington, has been appointed agent under the superintendence of the Secretary of the Treasury, to make purchases at private sale of the eight per cent stock, on public account. Such persons, therefore, who are proprietors of eight per cent stock, standing on the books of the Commissioner of Loans for Virginia, and who may be desirous of selling the same, within the price limited by law, are requested to make application to the Commissioner of Loans at Richmond, who will inform them of the course to be pursued. It is further made known for the information of the parties concerned, that agreeably to a resolution of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, the principal of the eight per cent stock will be reimbursed to the respective proprietors thereof, on the 1st day of January 1809. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury May 19.
LOAN OFFICE, STATE OF VIRGINIA, JUNE 8, 1807. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT, in conformity with the provisions of the act supplementary to the act, entitled "An act making provision for the redemption of the whole of the public debt of the United States," books will be opened at the office of the Commissioner of Loans for the State of Virginia, on the 1st day of July next, to continue open until the seventeenth day of March, 1808, inclusively, the fourteen last days of each quarter excepted, for the purpose of receiving subscriptions for such parts of the old six per cent. deferred six per cent. and three per cent. stock, as may, on the day of subscription, stand on the books of the said Commissioner of Loans. Those proprietors of the old six per cent. and deferred stock, who may subscribe, will receive in lieu thereof a new six per cent. stock, equal to the unredemed amount of the stock surrendered, redeemable at the pleasure of the United States, under a proviso however, that no reimbursement shall be made except for the whole amount of any such new certificate of stock, nor till after six months previous notice: and the proprietors of the three per cent. stock who may subscribe, will receive in lieu thereof, a six per cent. stock, equal to sixty-five per cent. of the amount of three per cent. surrendered, redeemable in the same manner as the new six per cent. above mentioned, but not redeemable however, without the assent of the holders, until after the whole of the new six per cent. (given in exchange for old six or deferred as above mentioned,) as well as the whole of the eight per cent. stock of the United States, shall have been reimbursed. It is also provided that in every reimbursement which may take place, a preference will be given to those creditors who may notify their will to be reimbursed; and that if the applications to that effect shall at any time either exceed or fall short of the sum then applicable to that purpose, the priority of payment shall, so far as may be necessary, be determined by lot. The present stockholders who reside in any part of Europe, and may assent to that modification, may, at their option, receive the interest accruing on the new stock, either in the United States as heretofore, or in London, or Amsterdam, at par: in which last case, the interest will be paid there by the bankers of the United States, six months subsequent to the day, on which the same would be payable in the United States, and subject to no variation; nor to any other deduction than a commission to the bankers, of one half per cent. on the interest thus paid. JOHN PAGE, Commissioner of Loans. NOTE. Proprietors of 1000 dollars nominal six per cent. stock, subscribed before the 1st October, 1807, will be entitled to receive, 649 02 of new stock. If subscribed between the 1st October, and 31st December, 1807, 644 37 — between the 1st January, and 17th March, 1808, 619 03 — Proprietors of 1000 dollars nominal deferred, subscribed before the 1st October, 1807, will be entitled to receive, 855 78 — If subscribed between the 1st October, and 31st December, 1807, 853 02 — between the 1st January, and 17th March, 1808, 831 42 — Being the unredemed amount of the old stock on the 1st July, and October, 1807, and 1st January, 1808, respectively. Proprietors of 1000 dollars three per cent. stock will be entitled to receive 650 dollars of new six per cent. stock. J. P. COMR'S Lvs. June 10.
In pursuance of a Decree in Chancery, made by the Court of the U. S. for the 5th circuit, in the district of Virginia, at the Nov. term, in the year 1803, we shall expose to Public Auction, at the time and place hereinafter mentioned: TWO TRACTS, in the county of Goochland, one on Beaver Dam creek, containing 9 hundred acres; and the other called Little Island, containing ten acres, at Goochland c. house, on the court day thereof, on the 17th day of August, 1807. The dower of the widow of Wm. Ronald, will be first deducted, and the conditions, on which the said land are directed under the said decree, will appear thereon and will be communicated on the day of sale. The terms of payment will be as follows:—one fourth of the purchase money to be paid in cash, and the remaining three-fourths in three equal installments of six, twelve and eighteen months credit. In all other respects the aforesaid decree will be pursued. WM. BERKLEY, } Commissioners. JOSHUA ELLIS, } WM. MANN, } June 20.
On Monday the third day of August next, pursuant to a decree of King William County Court, will be sold, on the premises, to the highest bidder, for ready money, so much of the TRACT OF LAND, whereon Francis West Quashe now resides, in the upper part of said County, as will raise the sum of five hundred dollars and interest from the first day of January last, with a small additional sum for costs of suit and charges of sale. BEVERLEY ROBINSON, } Comrs. JOHN FOX, } July 1.
TOBACCO LAND FOR SALE. In Amherst County, on Horse's Creek—200 acres of RICH TOBACCO LAND, formerly the property of Mr. Daniel Warwick, and known by the name of Wincanton. This Land has the advantage of lying on the main road leading from Amherst Court-House to Waugh's Ferry, on James-River, a valuable stand for a country Store, with a framed house for that purpose, and sufficiently large, having two rooms below and two above stairs, with a good brick chimney and well-undersigned with brick. Also, a Lumber-House, fifteen feet square, with a cellar of its full size, walled up with stone. There is also a Taylor and Saddler's Shop, and other out Houses. Likewise a tolerable good Dwelling-House, with three Rooms below and two above stairs, a Kitchen, Dairy, and other out Houses within a mile of the Store, suitable for a private family. This Tract of Land is only seven miles from Bethel, where there is an inspection of Tobacco, and within eighteen miles of Lynchburg. As it is presumed no person will be inclined to purchase without viewing the premises; they will be shown by Messrs. Taliaferro and Loring, who live within a few miles of Wincanton, and are fully empowered to make sale, and the terms of payment may be known from them, as also on application to THOMAS GILLIAT. Richmond, June 20.
The above Tract of Land and improvements will be offered for sale at Amherst Court-House, on Monday the 17th day of August next, (being court day,) on a credit of one, two and three years, if punctually paid, if not, to carry interest from day of sale. A deed of trust will be required on the premises or satisfactory security for punctual payment. N. B. There are 100 acres of James-River Low-Grounds.
NOTICE. THE debtors to the late firm of GILLIAT and KIRBY, are hereby informed that Thomas Gilliat alone is empowered to receive payment of all the debts due to that concern. All persons having demands against them, are requested to apply to Thomas Gilliat, and those indebted to the firm, are earnestly requested to come forward without delay and discharge their respective debts. For JOHN GILLIAT, AND SELF, THOMAS GILLIAT, JAMES KIRBY. May 29.
NOTICE. ALL persons having claims against the estate of JOHN MCCREDIE, dec'd. or of GEORGE MCCREDIE, dec'd. are desired to call on the subscriber for settlement, who is duly authorized as administrator of the former and executor of the latter: and all persons indebted to either of the said estates, are requested to make immediate payment. J. PENN. July 17.
ROCKINGHAM SPRINGS, VIRGINIA. The subscribers have opened a HOUSE OF ENTERTAINMENT, at the Rockingham Springs, about four miles from Harrisonburg and two from Kesler-Town, WHERE they will use their best endeavors to render the place comfortable to such as may think proper to visit it. For two years past, these Springs, have been occasionally attended by invalids and although no accommodations within a convenient distance to the Spring could be had; yet it may be said with truth, that many received considerable benefit. The terms of boarding and lodging will be, for Gentlemen and Ladies three dollars and 50 cents per week—for Children and Servants one dollar and twenty-five cents—passage for Horses 25 3/4 per week. Gentlemen may purchase Grain in the neighborhood, or it will be furnished at a reasonable rate by the subscribers. HENRY OVERLEY, JONATHAN TAYLOR. July 1.
FOR SALE. TWO TENEMENTS, nearly opposite the Bell-Tavern, containing 42 feet front and 90 deep, at present occupied by Samuel Bell and Wm. Sander. Also a LOT, on the cross street leading from the Bell-Tavern, containing 28 feet front and 40 deep—One third cash will be required, and 6 and 12 months for the balance. I am authorised to sell a BRICK HOUSE on Shockoe-Hill, conveniently situated for a family, for which good bonds will be taken. THOS. NORVELL. June 27.
RICHMOND TURNPIKE COMPANY. At a meeting of the Directors, held at the Eagle-Tavern, in the City of Richmond, on Monday evening the 8th of June, 1807, RESOLVED, That the Stock-holders in the said Company, pay to their Treasurer, on or before the first day of August next, the further sum of five dollars upon each share held by them respectively, in the said Company. A Copy. Teste, N. SHEPPARD, Clerk May 20.
FOR SALE, 175 Ton Liverpool Stowed Salt, 80 Do. Do. Common Do. 60 Pieces Sacking, 50 Crates well assorted Earthen Ware, On board the Ship Vigilant, Capt. Bosworth, at Bermuda Hundred. Apply to, WM. BROWN & Co. July 8.
BY virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed on the 24th day of May, 1806; whereby David Rofs conveyed to us, a tract of Land called Coles, in the county of Goochland, containing by a then late survey, 1510 acres; also, another tract a small distance from that called Coles, containing 200 acres, more or less, it being the same land, that the said Rofs purchased from John Hughes and wife, and also the tract of land called Mount Prospect, the greater part of which lies in Fluvanna, containing by estimation 1200 acres, except 225 acres heretofore sold by the said Rofs, out of the said tract, to Samuel Pettit, to raise the sum of eleven thousand and four hundred dollars, with interest thereon, from the 1st January, 1807; together with all charges and expenses of sale; and in pursuance of a requisition made in writing, under the provisions of the said deed; we shall on the 24 day of August next, before the front door of the Eagle-Tavern, in the city of Richmond, sell for ready money, all and singular, the land and estates above-mentioned, at which time and place, conveyances will be made to the purchasers. A more particular description of the above property, may be seen by tracing the references contained in the said deed now of record, in the general court, on the 12th June, 1806. THOS. NORVELL, W. ALLEN, WM. C. WILLIAMS. June 20.
FOR SALE, By EDWARD HALLAM, THREE Hundred Barrels good merchantable CORN. Also, a few Thousand Wr. Salt Pecked BACON. July 1.
FOR SALE, A LIKELY Male SERVANT, who can come well recommended. For further particulars enquire of the Printer. July 15.
WILLIAM HART, OPPOSITE THE SCALE-HOUSE, HAS JUST RECEIVED,— 5000 wt. Salt Petred Bacon, 3000 wt. Copparas, 30 Boxes Liverpool Pipes, flort and long, 30 Barrels Shad. And has on hand, Real Cogniac Brandy, French, Peach & Apple Brandy, Antigua, W. Island and N. England Rum, Gin, Whiskey, C. Bounce, &c. Imperial & Young Hysop. Teas, Green Coffee, Brown Sugar in barrels, Loaf Sugar, Nutmegs and other Spices, Scotch Barley, London Maltard, &c. Hibberts London Brown Stout. ALSO: Philadelphia Porter, bottled by himself, Flour, Salt, Molasses, Queens Ware, a variety of other articles. All of which he will sell at the lowest ready money prices, or exchange for country produce. July 14.
TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS REWARD. Run away from the subscriber, living near New-Castle, in the lower end of this county, on the 27th of March last, NEGRO MAN BILLY, about 50 years of age, and about 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high—he is of rather a delicate form, a little inclined to a yellowish complexion, and considerably marked in the face with the small-pox—his hair rather inclined to be bushy, this is not very long—he is a fellow of good understanding, a well informed mind, and very specious insinuating manner—he speaks rather quick & quick & pert, and has a disposition to be very polite. He no doubt will attempt to change his appearance, by altering his name, changing his hair for a wig, &c. He is pretty well known in most parts of this state, as well as in the Carolinas and Georgia, as the waiting-man and fiddler of Mr. Nicholas M. Johnson, of whom I purchased him. His wife lives in Richmond, where he has frequently been since his elopement, and he has also been a part of his time in Petersburg, and his wife has a daughter, a free woman, living in Norfolk, where it is probable he has been also—though having no general acquaintance, there is no knowing where he will keep himself. I will give the above reward to any person who will deliver the said runaway to me, in Hanover. P. STREET. June 10.
LANDS FOR SALE. The Subscribers are authorised to sell the three following Tracts of LAND, lying in the counties of Albemarle & Fluvanna, to wit: ONE Tract of 400 acres, known by the name of Dickenson's Tract. One other Tract containing 242 acres, being part of 400 acres, known by the name of Hastings Mark's Tract, adjoining the above mentioned Tract. And One other Tract of 163 acres, also known by the name of Hastings Mark's Tract, and is said to have a valuable Mill seat on it. All three Tracts have a great abundance of heavy pine timber of the best kind, and are convenient to navigation. Should these Lands not be disposed of by private contract before the third day of August next, they will on that day be offered at Public Auction, at the Eagle Tavern, in the City of Richmond. In the mean time, all persons desirous of purchasing, will please apply for further information to TAYLOR & BROWN, v. m. July 1.
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT a general meeting of Stockholders in the Manchester Turnpike Company, will be held at Brook's Tavern in Manchester, on the first Monday in August next; when business of importance to the interest of the company will be submitted for consideration. By order of the Directors, JAS. BRANDER, CLK. July 3.
WASHINGTON TAVERN! ODEN & MOORE have taken the WASHINGTON TAVERN, adjoining the Capitol Square, lately occupied by EDWARD HALLAM. At considerable expence, they have provided themselves with excellent accommodations for their friends, and invite their's and the public patronage. They are determined to keep a good table and as genteel an Inn as any in Richmond.—Furnished ROOMS, adjoining the Tavern, and every necessary attendance, for families traveling.—Both the Co-partners having been well-versed in this business, flatter themselves with the expectation of rendering general satisfaction. Richmond, February 17.
S. JACOBS, Being about to decline the DRY GOOD business, (in which he has been engaged for some time,) requests all those indebted to him to make payment, as suits will be instituted against all delinquents at the August term: and if any have claims against him, they shall be paid on being presented. —Lately received a well selected assortment of— GOODS, Suited to the present and approaching season which will be sold at the lowest possible price, —AMONG WHICH ARE— LADIES KID and Mo- FANCY and Leno Muffins and Veils, rocco Shoes, best quality, Chock'd Silks, Shawls & 2 Do. Coffas, Hosiery, Gloves & Calicoes, 1 Do. fine blue Cotton, Cotton & Silk Umbrellas, 1 Do. Checks, Superfine and common 3 Do. blue Gilly Handk'fs, Elegant cotton and thread Cloths, &c. &c. Laces, Gun Powder by the Keg. July 7.
DR. THOMAS B. W. GRAY, RESPECTFULLY informs the public that he intends to practice Physic, Surgery and Midwifery at Tappahannock, and hopes that by an unremitted attention to all the duties in the different departments of his profession, he will give general satisfaction, and merit the confidence and patronage of all those who may please to consult him. He also proposes to keep constantly for sale, and upon moderate terms, the various medicines which are generally known and used. July 8.
NOTICE THE Partnership known by the firm of Lyle and McCredie, is dissolved by the death of the partner, George McCredie. The subscriber, the surviving partner of this house, requests all those indebted to that concern to make speedy payments to him, as he is now the only person who can grant the proper receipts and discharges for those debts. Those who may have claims on that firm, are requested to come forward, that they may be adjusted and paid. JAMES LYLE. Manchester, July 11.
FOR SALE. On Saturday the first day of August next, will be sold at Mr. John Anderson's Tavern, in the town of New Canton, to the highest bidder, for ready money, A LIKELY Negro Woman named PATT, aged about thirty years; made over to us in trust by Henry Lynch, to secure the payment of a debt due Hobson and St. John. ROBT. MOSELEY, jr. ISHAM SCRUGGS. New-Canton, July 21.
FOR SALE, On a credit until the 1st of January next, A PAIR of well broke Carriage HORSES.—Apply at the Office of the ENQUIRER. July 21.
NOTICE. Trustee of a Deed of Trust, executed by John B. Winton, and duly proved and admitted to record in the said court, held at this city; on the 21st day of March, 1806, for the sum of five hundred dollars, to secure the payment of the sum of five hundred dollars, and interest, to the said John B. Winton, at the rate of six per cent per annum, on the 1st day of January, 1807, and on the 1st day of July, 1807, and on the 1st day of January, 1808, and on the 1st day of July, 1808, and on the 1st day of January, 1809, and on the 1st day of July, 1809, and on the 1st day of January, 1810, and on the 1st day of July, 1810, and on the 1st day of January, 1811, and on the 1st day of July, 1811, and on the 1st day of January, 1812, and on the 1st day of July, 1812, and on the 1st day of January, 1813, and on the 1st day of July, 1813, and on the 1st day of January, 1814, and on the 1st day of July, 1814, and on the 1st day of January, 1815, and on the 1st day of July, 1815, and on the 1st day of January, 1816, and on the 1st day of July, 1816, and on the 1st day of January, 1817, and on the 1st day of July, 1817, and on the 1st day of January, 1818, and on the 1st day of July, 1818, and on the 1st day of January, 1819, and on the 1st day of July, 1819, and on the 1st day of January, 1820, and on the 1st day of July, 1820, and on the 1st day of January, 1821, and on the 1st day of July, 1821, and on the 1st day of January, 1822, and on the 1st day of July, 1822, and on the 1st day of January, 1823, and on the 1st day of July, 1823, and on the 1st day of January, 1824, and on the 1st day of July, 1824, and on the 1st day of January, 1825, and on the 1st day of July, 1825, and on the 1st day of January, 1826, and on the 1st day of July, 1826, and on the 1st day of January, 1827, and on the 1st day of July, 1827, and on the 1st day of January, 1828, and on the 1st day of July, 1828, and on the 1st day of January, 1829, and on the 1st day of July, 1829, and on the 1st day of January, 1830, and on the 1st day of July, 1830, and on the 1st day of January, 1831, and on the 1st day of July, 1831, and on the 1st day of January, 1832, and on the 1st day of July, 1832, and on the 1st day of January, 1833, and on the 1st day of July, 1833, and on the 1st day of January, 1834, and on the 1st day of July, 1834, and on the 1st day of January, 1835, and on the 1st day of July, 1835, and on the 1st day of January, 1836, and on the 1st day of July, 1836, and on the 1st day of January, 1837, and on the 1st day of July, 1837, and on the 1st day of January, 1838, and on the 1st day of July, 1838, and on the 1st day of January, 1839, and on the 1st day of July, 1839, and on the 1st day of January, 1840, and on the 1st day of July, 1840, and on the 1st day of January, 1841, and on the 1st day of July, 1841, and on the 1st day of January, 1842, and on the 1st day of July, 1842, and on the 1st day of January, 1843, and on the 1st day of July, 1843, and on the 1st day of January, 1844, and on the 1st day of July, 1844, and on the 1st day of January, 1845, and on the 1st day of July, 1845, and on the 1st day of January, 1846, and on the 1st day of July, 1846, and on the 1st day of January, 1847, and on the 1st day of July, 1847, and on the 1st day of January, 1848, and on the 1st day of July, 1848, and on the 1st day of January, 1849, and on the 1st day of July, 1849, and on the 1st day of January, 1850, and on the 1st day of July, 1850, and on the 1st day of January, 1851, and on the 1st day of July, 1851, and on the 1st day of January, 1852, and on the 1st day of July, 1852, and on the 1st day of January, 1853, and on the 1st day of July, 1853, and on the 1st day of January, 1854, and on the 1st day of July, 1854, and on the 1st day of January, 1855, and on the 1st day of July, 1855, and on the 1st day of January, 1856, and on the 1st day of July, 1856, and on the 1st day of January, 1857, and on the 1st day of July, 1857, and on the 1st day of January, 1858, and on the 1st day of July, 1858, and on the 1st day of January, 1859, and on the 1st day of July, 1859, and on the 1st day of January, 1860, and on the 1st day of July, 1860, and on the 1st day of January, 1861, and on the 1st day of July, 1861, and on the 1st day of January, 1862, and on the 1st day of July, 1862, and on the 1st day of January, 1863, and on the 1st day of July, 1863, and on the 1st day of January, 1864, and on the 1st day of July, 1864, and on the 1st day of January, 1865, and on the 1st day of July, 1865, and on the 1st day of January, 1866, and on the 1st day of July, 1866, and on the 1st day of January, 1867, and on the 1st day of July, 1867, and on the 1st day of January, 1868, and on the 1st day of July, 1868, and on the 1st day of January, 1869, and on the 1st day of July, 1869, and on the 1st day of January, 1870, and on the 1st day of July, 1870, and on the 1st day of January, 1871, and on the 1st day of July, 1871, and on the 1st day of January, 1872, and on the 1st day of July, 1872, and on the 1st day of January, 1873, and on the 1st day of July, 1873, and on the 1st day of January, 1874, and on the 1st day of July, 1874, and on the 1st day of January, 1875, and on the 1st day of July, 1875, and on the 1st day of January, 1876, and on the 1st day of July, 1876, and on the 1st day of January, 1877, and on the 1st day of July, 1877, and on the 1st day of January, 1878, and on the 1st day of July, 1878, and on the 1st day of January, 1879, and on the 1st day of July, 1879, and on the 1st day of January, 1880, and on the 1st day of July, 1880, and on the 1st day of January, 1881, and on the 1st day of July, 1881, and on the 1st day of January, 1882, and on the 1st day of July, 1882, and on the 1st day of January, 1883, and on the 1st day of July, 1883, and on the 1st day of January, 1884, and on the 1st day of July, 1884, and on the 1st day of January, 1885, and on the 1st day of July, 1885, and on the 1st day of January, 1886, and on the 1st day of July, 1886, and on the 1st day of January, 1887, and on the 1st day of July, 1887, and on the 1st day of January, 1888, and on the 1st day of July, 1888, and on the 1st day of January, 1889, and on the 1st day of July, 1889, and on the 1st day of January, 1890, and on the 1st day of July, 1890, and on the 1st day of January, 1891, and on the 1st day of July, 1891, and on the 1st day of January, 1892, and on the 1st day of July, 1892, and on the 1st day of January, 1893, and on the 1st day of July, 1893, and on the 1st day of January, 1894, and on the 1st day of July, 1894, and on the 1st day of January, 1895, and on the 1st day of July, 1895, and on the 1st day of January, 1896, and on the 1st day of July, 1896, and on the 1st day of January, 1897, and on the 1st day of July, 1897, and on the 1st day of January, 1898, and on the 1st day of July, 1898, and on the 1st day of January, 1899, and on the 1st day of July, 1899, and on the 1st day of January, 1900, and on the 1st day of July, 1900, and on the 1st day of January, 1901, and on the 1st day of July, 1901, and on the 1st day of January, 1902, and on the 1st day of July, 1902, and on the 1st day of January, 1903, and on the 1st day of July, 1903, and on the 1st day of January, 1904, and on the 1st day of July, 1904, and on the 1st day of January, 1905, and on the 1st day of July, 1905, and on the 1st day of January, 1906, and on the 1st day of July, 1906, and on the 1st day of January, 1907, and on the 1st day of July, 1907, and on the 1st day of January, 1908, and on the 1st day of July, 1908, and on the 1st day of January, 1909, and on the 1st day of July, 1909, and on the 1st day of January, 1910, and on the 1st day of July, 1910, and on the 1st day of January, 1911, and on the 1st day of July, 1911, and on the 1st day of January, 1912, and on the 1st day of July, 1912, and on the 1st day of January, 1913, and on the 1st day of July, 1913, and on the 1st day of January, 1914, and on the 1st day of July, 1914, and on the 1st day of January, 1915, and on the 1st day of July, 1915, and on the 1st day of January, 1916, and on the 1st day of July, 1916, and on the 1st day of January, 1917, and on the 1st day of July, 1917, and on the 1st day of January, 1918, and on the 1st day of July, 1918, and on the 1st day of January, 1919, and on the 1st day of July, 1919, and on the 1st day of January, 1920, and on the 1st day of July, 1920, and on the 1st day of January, 1921, and on the 1st day of July, 1921, and on the 1st day of January, 1922, and on the 1st day of July, 1922, and on the 1st day of January, 1923, and on the 1st day of July, 1923, and on the 1st day of January, 1924, and on the 1st day of July, 1924, and on the 1st day of January, 1925, and on the 1st day of July, 1925, and on the 1st day of January, 1926, and on the 1st day of July, 1926, and on the 1st day of January, 1927, and on the 1st day of July, 1927, and on the 1st day of January, 1928, and on the 1st day of July, 1928, and on the 1st day of January, 1929, and on the 1st day of July, 1929, and on the 1st day of January, 1930, and on the 1st day of July, 1930, and on the 1st day of January, 1931, and on the 1st day of July, 1931, and on the 1st day of January, 1932, and on the 1st day of July, 1932, and on the 1st day of January, 1933, and on the 1st day of July, 1933, and on the 1st day of January, 1934, and on the 1st day of July, 1934, and on the 1st day of January, 1935, and on the 1st day of July, 1935, and on the 1st day of January, 1936, and on the 1st day of July, 1936, and on the 1st day of January, 1937, and on the 1st day of July, 1937, and on the 1st day of January, 1938, and on the 1st day of July, 1938, and on the 1st day of January, 1939, and on the 1st day of July, 1939, and on the 1st day of January, 1940, and on the 1st day of July, 1940, and on the 1st day of January, 1941, and on the 1st day of July, 1941, and on the 1st day of January, 1942, and on the 1st day of July, 1942, and on the 1st day of January, 1943, and on the 1st day of July, 1943, and on the 1st day of January, 1944, and on the 1st day of July, 1944, and on the 1st day of January, 1945, and on the 1st day of July, 1945, and on the 1st day of January, 1946, and on the 1st day of July, 1946, and on the 1st day of January, 1947, and on the 1st day of July, 1947, and on the 1st day of January, 1948, and on the 1st day of July, 1948, and on the 1st day of January, 1949, and on the 1st day of July, 1949, and on the 1st day of January, 1950, and on the 1st day of July, 1950, and on the 1st day of January, 1951, and on the 1st day of July, 1951, and on the 1st day of January, 1952, and on the 1st day of July, 1952, and on the 1st day of January, 1953, and on the 1st day of July, 1953, and on the 1st day of January, 1954, and on the 1st day of July, 1954, and on the 1st day of January, 1955, and on the 1st day of July, 1955, and on the 1st day of January, 1956, and on the 1st day of July, 1956, and on the 1st day of January, 1957, and on the 1st day of July, 1957, and on the 1st day of January, 1958, and on the 1st day of July, 1958, and on the 1st day of January, 1959, and on the 1st day of July, 1959, and on the 1st day of January, 1960, and on the 1st day of July, 1960, and on the 1st day of January, 1961, and on the 1st day of July, 1961, and on the 1st day of January, 1962, and on the 1st day of July, 1962, and on the 1st day of January, 1963, and on the 1st day of July, 1963, and on the 1st day of