The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1809-11-07 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
Vol. 6.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1809.
[No. 52.]
ROBERT GREENHOW. MERCHANT, in Williamsburg, will dispose of the valuable and most eligible situated TENEMENT , on which he now resides, in this city, at a credit of one, two, three & four years; bonds with approved security, to be given by the purchaser, bearing interest from their dates, until paid: Or he will receive in exchange improved or unimproved LOTS , in and about the city of Richmond, at an agreed on price.
All the advantages attached to this property, cannot well be described in an advertisement:—They are left to be judged of by those inclined to treat with him—suffice it, however, to say, that the dwelling house is roomy and spacious, that it has every convenient out-house, necessary for those moving in the genteel sphere; with a newly erected store, for mercantile purposes; that it is situated on the south side of the main-street, in the centre of the city; distant from the court-house, market and church, 4 or 500 yards, that its front is open on the right and left, to two spacious public squares, at once adding to the prospect, and giving free circulation to the air: That the whole tenement is in a complete and perfect state of repair; and that the buildings stand insured against fire, by the Mutual Insurance Company, in Richmond: The premiums, quotas, &c. all duly settled up to the 1st of April last. To add to the convenience of such as may be inclined to possess this property, an acre of ground laid down in Clover, about 200 yards from his house, also, on the main street, and a tract of Land, containing between 90 and 100 acres, covered with oak, hickory and pine, 3 1/2 miles from the town, yielding an inexhaustible supply of fuel, will be attached.
If he is successful in the disposition by sale, or exchange of this property, he will sell eight other Tenements, on the same terms; all of which are most eligibly situated, in different parts of the city, on the main-street; and except one, which has just undergone a thorough repair, all tenanted out to respectable tenants, punctilious in their stipulated payment of rents; and which (he will convince those, inclined to purchase,) do annually yield a revenue, on the price he has fixed on them, of fully 8 per cent. free from all deductions, for the repair of natural decay.
These tenements are all in good order; & what operates greatly in their favor, they are scarcely ever untenanted. Three of them are also insured, and all demandable premiums and quotas fully paid.
My brother, Mr. George Greenhow, residing in Richmond, will, if applied to, give a more accurate description of the above-mentioned property, and negotiate with such as may feel disposed to treat for their purchase.
Williamsburg, November 3. 4w
WILL be sold, on a credit of six months for all sums above $10, (that sum and under cash,) the purchaser giving bond with approved security—a very large stock of Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Hogs, and plantation Utensils of every description, belonging to the estate of Philip L. Grymes, dec'd.
The above property will be sold in the following order, viz. On Friday the 10th of Nov. next will be sold at the plantation in Middlesex called the Old House , all the Stock and Utensils belonging to that place, Deer-Chase and the Mill Quarter.
On Monday the 13th of said Month will be sold at the plantation in Gloucester called the Dragon Quarter , all the Stock and Utensils belonging to that place.
On Wednesday the 15th of said Month will be sold at the plantation in Middlesex called Pine Top , all the Stock and Utensils belonging to that place, and
On Friday the 17th of said Month will be sold at the Mansion House of said Grymes called Brandan , all the Stock and Utensils belonging to that place, where the sale will continue from day to day till all are sold.
All persons having claims against said Estate, are requested to make them known, and those indebted to make payment, as the situation of the Estate will not admit of indulgence.
All legal creditors are requested to purchase at the Sale, the amount of any part of their respective claims.
If any of the above sale-days should prove rainy, the sale will take place the next fair day.
The Sale of the Negroes belonging to the said Estate, (it is expected) will take place early in January next, of which the Public will be informed in due time.
ROBERT WEST, Administrator, &c. of PHILIP L. GRYMES, Dec'd. Woodville, Gloucester County } 4t ty, November 3, 1809.
ANN SMITH ACADEMY.
The Trustees have the pleasure of informing those parents and guardians, who wish to avail themselves of the advantages of this seminary, that the new buildings are now completed, and upwards of forty ladies can be accommodated with boarding and lodging, in the Academy, where they will be under the superintendence of Miss Smith. Should a greater number offer, (as has heretofore been the case,) they can be accommodated in genteel families in town.
The trustees pledge themselves that no exertion on their part, shall be wanting in the discharge of the duties of their station; and they trust that the convenience of situation, the salubrity of climate, and the qualifications of the teachers, but more particularly the reputation which Miss Smith has so deservedly acquired, will ensure to this institution, a liberal share of public patronage.
The winter session will commence on Wednesday, the 15th of Nov. next.
ANDREW REID, Sen. President of the Board of Trustees. Lexington, Nov. 3. 3t
HAVING received an anonymous letter dated the 20th Sept. last, and not being conscious of certain assertions therein made; The Author is solicited to come forward and make himself known to
November 3. ARCHD. MCALL. 3t
FRESH FALL GOODS.
ELLIS & ALLAN inform their friends that the Ships Protectress and Powhatan are arrived, by which they will receive in six or eight days, an extensive assortment of woollens of the very best qualities, and a general & select collection of other Goods suitable for the season, which they will sell very low for cash, or to punctilious customers.
Richmond, November 3. 3t
THE SUBSCRIBER,
HAVING taken the whole of the large brick Building, belonging to the estate of the late Mr. Wm Price, on the street leading from the Capitol will be prepared to accommodate from fifteen to twenty of the members of the next Assembly.
November 22. JUDITH NELSON. 4t
CHARLES FREMON Respectfully informs the public, that he has opened a Night School, for the French Language, at Mr. Daroux's next door below the Globe Tavern, where he will attend three nights every week, Tuesday, Thursday & Saturday, from 6 in the evening to 9. He will also attend, those families, who wish to have their Children privately instructed in that branch of education, in their respective houses. His terms will be made known by applying at his lodgings, at Mr. Daroux's.
October 24. 1m
BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE. A SCHEME OF A LOTTERY, To Enlarge and Improve THE BALTIMORE HOSPITAL.
FIRST CLASS.
   Prizes. Dollars. Dollars.     1 Prize of 25,000 is 25,000   1 15,000 15,000   1 10,000 10,000   2 5,000 10,000   2 2,000 4,000   5 1,000 5,000   12 500 6,000   20 200 4,000   52 100 5,200   100 50 5,000   2,360 30 70,800  
2,556 Prizes amounting to $ 160,000
5,444 Blanks
8,000 Tickets at $ 20 each is $ 160,000
Fifteen per cent discount, leaves for the institution and expenses $ 24,000
STATIONARY PRIZES OF THE ABOVE.
   First drawn Ticket } 1st day 1,000   2d do 500   3d do 500   4th do 500   5th do 1,000   6th do 500   7th do 500   8th do 500   9th do 5,000   10th do 500   11th do 500   12th do 2,000   13th do 500   14th do 500   15th do 500   16th do 15,000  
WHEN the highly interesting objects of the above Scheme of a Lottery, are taken into view, to wit—the erection of a suitable building for the reception and care of Mariacs , together with the flattering prospect it offers to every person disposed to contribute their aid to so laudable a purpose, it is hoped it will not fail to receive a prompt and liberal support.
The prizes will be paid in sixty days after the drawing is completed. Such prizes as are not demanded within 12 months thereafter, will be considered as generous donations to the Institution.
Bond and security have been given by the Managers to the State of Maryland for the faithful performance of their duty.
JAMES HINDMAN, JAMES CALHOUN, Junr. SAMUEL M'KIM, STEWART BROWN, NICHOLAS BRICE, JAMES BOSLEY, JOHN WALLRAVEN, EDME DUCATIEL, PETER CHATFIELD, COLLIN MACKENZIE, AND JAMES SMITH.
Tickets to be had at John R. Jones's Book, Stationery and Fancy Store, N. W. corner of the Main Street, and that leading to the head of the basin; nearly opposite to the Eagle Tavern. Who has just received a considerable addition to his assortment consisting of Cap Paper No 1, 2 & 3, Letter Paper 1 & 2, Folio Post, Royal Medium & Demy Writing Paper, Blank and Playing Cards by the gross doz. or single pack, red and black Morocco Pocket-Books of every description, red Morocco Purses, Thread Cases and Note Cases, elegant Travelling Portfolios, a large assortment of fine Cutlery, Sealing Wax, silver blade Fruit Knives, & Hanging Paper. J. R. J. has a book of Patterns from a manufactory in Philadelphia from which he will procure any quantity or quality which may be wanted. Also many other fancy articles too numerous to particularize.
October 24. 3w
THE SUBSCRIBERS,
HAVE formed a connexion in business, under the Firm of
MUTTER & STEWART.
October 31. tf
I HAVE REMOVED TO RICHMOND.
BENJ. BOTTS.
October 31. tf
WANTED to purchase or hire, a good house
SERVANT —Apply at the Enquirer Office.
October 31. tf
CASH will be given, for a good male House
SERVANT , and female COOK.
October 31. tf
A CARD—DOCTOR LEWIS, lately from
the West-Indies, has opened his Office, at
Manchester, in the house of Mr. L. Bishop, for
the practice of Physic, Surgery, and Midwifery.
He hopes from his success and experience, to merit the patronage of a liberal public.
N. B. Private families may be supplied with
Medicines, with suitable directions. Advice
for the poor, gratis.
Sepmber 26. tf
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD —Ran
away from the subscriber, last Wednesday
evening, about 9 o'clock, at Richmond, a corpulent
Negro Woman, by the name of LEAH.
She is about 28 years of age, stout and strong
made, full and round featured, of black complexion,
and walks lame in her left hip, occasioned by
an old wound 15 or 20 years ago, which has left
a very visible scar directly back of her left hip
joint. She is very artful, talkative and plausible
Europe.
CONTINUATION of Foreign Advices.
ST. PETERSBURG, (RUSSIA,) June 28.
Our Court Gazette contains the following remarks on the declaration of Mr. Canning in the English Parliament, that the British government did not wish Sweden to continue the war:
"It is here apparent, that the inclination of the Swedish government to be at war with Russia, was censured even in England, by well-informed persons. From the Russian declaration, which was published at the time, may be seen how much the Russian government endeavored to induce Sweden to abstain from that war, and how easy it would have been for this power to do so. Even England found no great advantage to herself in the war; consequently the Swedish government was hindered by nothing from accepting the proposals made by Russia."
On the declaration of Mr. Canning, that the English government had not occasioned the Austrian war, the Gazette remarks—
"What efforts did not Russia make to divert Austria from this war, and maintain the peace of the Continent! At the commencement of the present war, its defenders asserted, that the English treasure would be poured forth, without measure, in support of Austria; and that English fleets and armies would appear in every quarter, and act in concert with Austria. The present declaration of the English Ministry, shows what slight foundation there was for all these speculations. The English ministry not only do not promise anything, but even claim honor for having made no definitive promises; for having scrupled forming engagements with Austria, and entangling this power in a premature and sudden war. How much blood would Austria have spared! What exertions and excessive sacrifices might she not have been dispensed from making, if, disregarding the idle declaimers of the metropolis, and heated passions, she had given ear to the convictions of what was her interest, and preserved the peace; the reciprocal guarantee of which was offered by Russia and France! A new lesson for all those who change their political systems, in compliance with their passions, and not from a persuasion of what is the interest and security of the state."
Most recent statement of Russian commerce —From a very interesting work, written by Count Romanzo entitled, "State of the Commerce of the Russian Empire, from 1802 to 1808," we learn, that in the year 1803, the value of foreign commodities imported into Russia, amounted to fifty-five millions of roubles; and the export to sixty-seven millions of roubles; the duties amount- to 111,000 roubles more than in the preceding year. In 1804, owing to the difficulties of commercial speculations, the imports were minus six millions of roubles, and the exports three millions of roubles; altho' even then, the balance in favor of Russia amounted to 9 517 440 roubles; but in 1805, it amounted to 21 590 968 roubles. In 1805, notwithstanding the almost total stagnation of trade, the imports amounted to six millions of roubles, and the exports to 134 millions of roubles more than in 1804. The balance, in favor of Russia, was 23 1/2 millions of roubles. The exports of corn amounted to more than twenty millions of roubles, exceeded those of the preceding year by 12 millions of roubles. The number of ships arrived at and departed from Russian ports, stood as follows:
   Arrived. Sailed.     In 1802, 3,730 3,622   1803, 4,133 4,157   1804, 3,478 3,471   1805, 5,332 5,085  
By far the greater part of them English.
In 1808, the number of ships trading to the ports of Russia was—
   Arrived Sailed     996. 926.  
The exchange on Hamburg, which, in 1802 and 1805, had sustained itself from 23 to 27 1/2 and 29, fell, in 1808, to 15 and 16.
SPANISH OFFICIAL ACCOUNT.
SEVILLE, August 3.
[From the Government Gazette.]
The following two despatches, relative to the battle of Talavera, have been received from General Cuesta:
"Most Excellent Sir—I communicated to you, on the night before last, in my advices from the left bank of the Alberche, my suspicions, that I should be attacked by the forces which the enemy had collected at Toledo, if I continued separated from the English. This conjecture induced me to repass that river yesterday morning, and take the position that had been agreed upon with Gen. Wellesley. The two armies formed a line before Talavera, availing ourselves of the valleys and the other advantages of the ground. Scarcely had we finished forming our line in the said position, when the enemy, yesterday, about five in the evening, presented himself in all his force, amounting, as we conjectured, to from 35 to 40,000 men, including 5,000 cavalry, and attacked, with the utmost fury, our whole line, directing their principal efforts against the left, where the English were posted, with intention of turning their left flank. The attack and defence were equally obstinate, 'till recourse was had to the bayonet; but at length the enemy were twice repulsed, with great loss in killed and wounded—the action lasted 'till half past eight at night. The English likewise suffered great loss, especially in officers; our loss has not been considerable—Our troops in general behaved with bravery and firmness, except three or four corps, which manifested some feebleness, of which I shall speak when more at leisure."
"Very early this morning the enemy renewed his attacks, which have continued 'till the present time, that is, 7 in the evening; but they have been repulsed in all, as I hope they will be in any others they may make. Joseph Napoleon was present in person 'till this evening; but we now know that he has retreated with his guards, and re-passed the Alberche, with 98 cars of wounded."
"The Monticello sailed."
"I have not time to enter into further particulars, as I have passed three days on the field of battle with all my troops under arms—God preserve your Excellency many years."
" GREGORIO DE LA CUESTA.
"Head-Quarters, Talavera, July 28. 1809"
SECOND DESPATCH.
"Most Excellent Sir—At seven yesterday evening I communicated to you information of the repeated attacks of the enemy and our resolute defence. When night came on, hostilities began to relax, but without the enemy abandoning his position. A little before day-break, the enemy began to retreat, and has re-passed the Alberche in the direction towards Cazalegas and Santa Olalla, despairing of being able to dislodge us, or even to move us from our position. They have left the field of battle strewed with carcasses and wounded, who had neither time nor power to retire. They have suffered a dreadful loss, which would have been greater, if our troops had not been prevented from pursuing them by fatigue and want of provisions. The English have likewise suffered much in the loss of three Generals, several subaltern officers and a number of men; but they cannot be denied the glory of having fought with much valor and discipline, and forced the French to acknowledge, that they never yield in any enterprise, especially if commanded and conducted by their intelligent, active and brave leader, Sir Arthur Wellesley."
"The Spanish troops, and especially those which had the greatest share of the action, left nothing to wish for, with respect to their courage and gallantry. The fierce and well supported fire of our infantry repulsed the repeated attacks of the enemy, and the charge of our cavalry caused them much loss. The King's regiment has in particular, covered itself with glory, and in conjunction with the English, took several pieces of cannon, and made prisoners a General, a Colonel and several officers; and I request that its Colonel, Brigadier Don Joseph Maria de Lasres may be promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General, for having attacked at the head of his regiment, giving the best example."
"From the accounts of the prisoners, we know that the whole guard of Joseph Napoleon, was present in the attack of yesterday morning, and it was upon that, that Joseph placed his principal reliance; but when he saw it repulsed and routed, he immediately fled to Santa Olalla. We likewise know that his army in consternation and confusion took the road towards Toledo without provisions or any means of subsistence."
"To conclude, the pressure of the only permits me to say, that this has been the most glorious and important action of the whole war, and that which I hope will open to us the road to the Ebro, as soon as we can procure the necessary supplies for the troops."
"May God preserve your Excellency many years."
" GREGORIO DE LA CUESTA.
"Head quarters, Talavera, July 29. 1809 Ten in the morning."
"Accounts from the same General Cuesta, dated the next day, 30th, from the head quarters at Talavera, state that the enemy, to the number of 10,000 men, were still to be seen on the heights on the other side of the river Alberche. Our van guard occupied the head of the bridge; the Spanish main army in front of Talavera, and the British formed in line on our left, a little in the rear. It is likewise said, that by the confession of the French themselves, and by accounts worthy of credit, their loss amounted to between 9 and 10,000 men, and among the wounded is Marshal Victor, severely so. A Gen. of Division is killed, O'Farrell, Ne grece, and Casa Patacio, were present in the battle. Part of the enemy were enclosed in burning the dead.".....Government Gazette Aug. 3.
LATE AND IMPORTANT FROM HOLLAND.
NEW YORK, Oct. 29.
By the ship Susan , capt. Delano, in 42 days from Amsterdam, the Editors of the New York Gazette, have received an interesting account of the American vessels at Amsterdam, their situation and destination; which together with the following extracts of letters, form the most material intelligence by this arrival.
It was reported at Amsterdam, that a peace had been concluded between Austria and France; but the report was not generally believed, though this event had been expected ever since the termination of the Armistice. Some difficulties had occurred in the negotiations, and there was a probability at one time, of the recommencement of hostilities—and, indeed, such is the nature of our advices by this arrival, that it is extremely difficult to determine whether there will be a peace or a continuation of war between these two nations.
Captain Delano is the bearer of despatches from Mr. Armstrong, which were sent from Paris by express, and which reached Amsterdam on the 14th of September, the day before the Susan sailed. He also brings out despatches from the United States' sloop Enterprise , Lt. Tripp, which vessel was to sail for the United States, in about 14 days after the Susan . The Montezuma had sailed several days before the Susan , with despatches for America.
We have no account of the arrival of the Wasp in France. There was barely time for her to have arrived, and the news to have reached Paris and Amsterdam when the Susan sailed, as she did not leave this port till the 16th of August.
The British still held Flushing, and there was no expectation of their being obliged to give it up.
The Public Advertiser informs, that Gen. Armstrong had obtained permission of the king of Holland to let a vessel sail, during the existence of the Embargo, to carry his despatches home—that the ship Monticello had been employed for that purpose, and had sailed on the 3d of Sept. for Baltimore, and may be hourly expected—and that the general had left Amsterdam on his return to Paris on the 4th of Sept. the day after the Monticello sailed.
Extract of a letter from Paris, dated September 6.
"We are

"We have taken charge of your consignments of flour, all of which is in store, and must lay over until the demand revives, and the present alarm subsides, which is occasioned by the late news from America, and the number of importations that have taken place. Flour is offering ineffectually for 8 dollars per bbl."
Extract of a letter dated the 3d of Sept. at the mouth of the Ender, received by a Mercantile house in Baltimore, per the Musqueu at Philadelphia.
"We have got so far in safety, after having been about three weeks in Stavenger, where not being able to obtain any satisfactory information, except that we would be well received in this port, I was obliged to determine on proceeding here. It is rather wonderful that during our whole voyage from Baltimore here, we have not been boarded by any vessel of war, of any description, although we have seen several. I can say nothing about prospects. I understand from the pilots that the ports of Holland are blockaded, several vessels turned off there having arrived here. Hamburg and Bremen are also blockaded, the river Jade is free from the British; but other difficulties exist there. The navigation of the Warthon is not open. The ships Leda, Hope, and Harriet, are detained by privateers at Stavenger, and have apprehended much delay. The ship William and Snow Robert, were at Stavenger, waiting information. A white-bottomed ship of Baltimore, of which I have not been able to ascertain her name, was on shore yesterday on Heligoland Reef, and got off with three feet water in the hold."
NEW YORK, October 31.
Last evening arrived at this port, the fast sailing ship Xenophon, 42 days from Liverpool, which port she left on the 16th of Sept. By her the Editor of the Mercantile Advertiser has been favored with London papers to the 11th of Sept. and Liverpool to the 13th inclusive, a week later than our former advices from England.
Capt. Inglee, informs us, that two Pilot-Boat schrs. despatched from New York, after landing passengers on the coast of England, arrived in Liverpool, on the 10th and 12th of September, bringing the first accounts of the renewal of the American non-intercourse, which had a very serious effect upon the Markets for American produce. Cotton rose from 17 pence, to 24 3/4; wheat from 15 to 19 shillings sterling; and other articles in proportion.
The British army was about leaving Flushing, and it was said were going to the Island of Zealand, as troops were getting ready to reinforce them.
No news of a treaty of peace between France and Austria had reached England, and Capt. Inglee has brought despatches for Government.
From London papers received at this office by the Xenophon.
LONDON, Sept. 8.
The despatches from Lord Wellington reach to the 22nd, and are dated at Truxillo, somewhat more than eight leagues from his former head quarters at Deletosa, on the route to Elvas, on the Portuguese frontier. The army, it seems, had not crossed the Tagus, except with a body of cavalry, near Arzobispo, which took the cannon, and the British, but of Cuesta's rear guard. The French army had been separated into three divisions. Soult was at Plasencia; Ney was gone to Salamanca; and Martineau, Victor and Sebastiani were posted in Estramadura and La Mancha. Sir Robert Wilson had engaged with his small corps, Ney's division near Banos; but after 9 hours contest, he was obliged to retire into the mountains. We are glad to hear, however, of a corps of Portuguese fighting for nine hours, and if the fact be true, it would show that their former ire-solution was not so much the fault of the soldiers as of the commander. Gen. Beresford's army was on the twenty-first of last month, at Castel Branco, within the confines of Portugal.
It is gratifying to learn that Cuesta has been dismissed from the chief command, which is said to have been conferred on the gallant and persevering Blake. This measure has been adopted, we fear too late to produce any material advantages. Lord Wellington is stated to have expressed his conviction, that no reasonable hopes of success can be entertained from the co-operation of the Spanish levies, who are ill-supplied, wretchedly disciplined, and destitute of able officers. He also complains of the negligence of the Junta in preparing and sending necessary supplies, and provisions to the British army. The total force of the French in Spain is estimated to be little short of 100,000 men. We shall not be surprised to learn the determination of his majesty's ministers to withdraw the whole of our army from Spain and Portugal. The last despatches from marquis Wellesley do not, we understand, hesitate to recommend the evacuation of both countries. The Supreme Junta is a deliberative body, and a deliberative body only. It was known at Lisbon on the 22nd, that Major Gen. Lightburne and Brig. Gen. Craufurd, who advanced with their corps in the direction of Ciudad Rodrigo were on their march back to Lisbon.
It is reported that his Sicilian Majesty will have a Monarchy assigned to him in New Spain, under the protection of this country, in case all attempts to restore Ferdinand to liberty, and to his nation shall fail. The reason circulated for this intended establishment, is, that he is the next heir to the crown of Spain, at present in the enjoyment of personal liberty, and one more likely to be well received by the Trans Atlantic Spaniards, than any other personage in Europe.
"An attempt is made, in the following statement, to account for the delay which has taken place in the negotiations between France and Austria. For the accuracy of the article we do not undertake to vouch; the length of the negotiations between Austria and France has surprised those who, from the terms of the armistice, inferred that Austria was prepared to accede to such terms as France might demand. But the delay is said to have been occasioned by Russia, who has spirited up Austria to refuse Bonaparte's conditions; and who feels herself to have been treated by him with considerable slight, and indeed insolence. In the first place, as the Russians, advancing into Galicia, were to press Austria on that side, the Emperor Alexander felt it insulting to him, that the Austrian arms should be ordered to be taken down, and the French put up without any previous consultation or communication with him. In the next place, the Emperor was affronted at Bonaparte's stipulating that it should cease operations at a certain time and that it should evacuate Cracow. He requested some explanation with respect to Bonaparte's intentions, relative to Austrian Poland, which Bonaparte is said to have declined giving him, alleging, that the fate of that country would be decided by the peace between him and Austria. Bonaparte had begun the negotiations without paying any attention to Russia. The latter, therefore, desired to take part in them, and to send a Minister. Bonaparte alleged, that the contest was solely between Austria and himself. Russia urged, that as her aid had been demanded to carry on the war, she had a fair claim to be made a party in the negotiations that were to lead to peace. It was at last consented, that a Russian Minister should be admitted. On this account the conferences did not really begin till the 27th of last month, though Bonaparte had previously been doing every thing in his power, alternately using menaces and making promises, to induce the Emperor Francis to subscribe to his terms."
September 11.
Portuguese papers and letters arrived this morning to the 30th ult. The following is an extract of a private letter:—
LISBON, Aug. 20.
"The whole of our army has left Spain. Sir A. Wellesley has his head quarters at Elvas, from which place he will march to Abrantes. General Beresford is at Castel Branco. They are said to have been obliged to retire for want of provisions. The French have retired towards Madrid."
The Earl of Chatham is not yet arrived and it is reported that he is extremely indisposed at Middleburgh.
A Gottenburgh Mail arrived last night with an account of a severely contested battle fought by the Swedes and Russians near Umea in West Bothnia, on the 19th ult. in which the former was defeated; but the opposition which the Russians experienced was so great that, instead of attempting to advance, they retreated from that position, which was occupied on the 24th by the Swedes. A private letter received at Gottenburgh on the 4th inst. states, that peace had been actually signed between Sweden and Russia, by which Russia was to retain Finland, and the Isle of Aland, and the demand of shutting the Swedish ports against England was abandoned. A private letter dated Stockholm the 30th ult. gives a still more favorable account of the military operations in the vicinity of Umea, than that published in the Gottenburgh papers. It says "the enemy has been forced to evacuate Umea; but I am sorry to say that exploit has cost us dear. The loss of the Russians is however much greater. Two of their best Generals Tschischkoff and Alexeff, 30 officers, and between 2 and 3000 men are killed, wounded and prisoners. It is said that General Kamansky has retreated as far as Skelesta, about 70 miles from Umea not feeling himself strong enough to wait the junction of Generals Wachmeister and Wrede. Admiral Puke has sent a strong detachment of gun-boats with troops to Pieta, to take an island in the river near that town, over which the road goes, and the occupation of which will probably cut off the retreat of the Russian General, or at least prevent him from receiving any reinforcements or supplies from Tornea."
It is with much concern we state that all the accounts received from the Scheldt confirm that a great degree of sickness prevails among the British troops of that quarter and some mortality.
Ten sail of transports have arrived at Deal from Walcheren having on board about 500 sick soldiers, belonging to different regiments.
By a cutter lately arrived from Rochfort we learn that two of the enemy's frigates had come out of the harbor, and were lying under the Isle of Aix. A neutral vessel came out, while the cutter remained off the port and informed her that there were eight sail of the line afloat in the harbor, so that of this statement be correct, 3 new ships have been added to the 5 which effected their escape from Basque Roads.
BALTIMORE, Nov. 2.
VERY LATE AND IMPORTANT.
Extract from London, Liverpool, and other English papers to the 30th of September, (22 days later than any previous news) received at the Office of the American, by the schooner Experiment, captain Hill, from Plymouth, into which she had been carried on her voyage to St. Sebastian's, & discharged without trial.
We have very hastily made the following SUMMARY & EXTRACTS.
Mr. Canning has retired from the ministry as have the duke of Portland, lord Castlereagh, earls Camden and Westmoreland, & lord Gower.
Canning and Castlereagh had quarrelled and fought a duel, in which the "joker of jokes" was wounded in the thigh. The cause of the fray was the accusation of Castlereagh by Canning to the King, concerning the expedition to the Scheldt, Castlereagh was the challenger.
A body of French troops had possessed themselves on the island of St. Beveland. The British appear to have abandoned their purpose against Spain while some blame the Junta, others censure lord Wellington for the failure.
The corps of Sir Robert Wilson (memorable for his fabrications about Bonaparte's cruelty in Eg. p.) appear to have been cut off early in August, between Candelaria and Villa Nueva in Spain.
OLD LEAVES. Those of the old Ministry who retain their posts, are the earl of Harrowby, lord Eldon, Mr. Percival, earl of Liverpool, earl of Chatham, and earl Bathurst.
We understand, says the Taunton Courier, some points are to be insisted on by lord Wellesley (the English minister in Spain) with the supreme Junta, which if refused, ministers have determined on withdrawing the whole of our forces from the peninsula. Query, What "points" were these? Excluding the Americans from all participation in the Spanish trade & Permitting England to garrison certain posts in the new world?
Mrs. Clarke and the two Wrights have been indicted for a conspiracy against Col. Wardle on the testimony of Maj. Dodd & Mr. Glennie.
LONDON, Sept. 30.
Our readers have already been informed of the arrival of Lord Grenville in town. His lordship had yesterday an audience of his royal highness, the Prince of Wales. He had also conferences with Lord Holland,
Mr. Tierney and all the gentlemen in town who formed the administration when his lordship was last in power. His lordship had also communications with the remaining members of the present cabinet.
The result of these conferences cannot be known with certainty till those interested shall have come to some determination on the subject—or rather till etiquette shall permit a disclosure to be made; but judging from circumstances known, the general impression seems to be, that lord Grenville & his friends will not coalesce with the present ministers.
The letter sent by Mr. Percival to lords Grenville and Grey, had for its object to invite these noble lords to give their aid in forming with the present ministers an efficient administration. So far it was written as a personal communication from Mr. Percival, or at least might be so conceived. But it concluded with an expression that "Mr. Percival had his majesty's command to make the same communication to earl Grey, and vice versa."
The one noble lord, interpreting the message as coming from the king, conceived himself bound from proper respect to his sovereign to hasten immediately to town; the other, as properly gave his opinion by letter upon what he conceived to be an offer of co-operation, made only by the chancellor of the exchequer. This we believe will be found to be the true cause of the different conduct adopted by the noble lords; there can however, we presume—be but little doubt that lord Grey will be in town shortly.
The note which Lord Grenville despatched from his seat in Cornwall, in answer to the intimation transmitted by Mr. Percival, and which was received on Thursday morning, was nearly as follows:
"His lordship acknowledged the receipt of the letter, and understanding it to be an official communication of his Majesty's commands, declared his readiness, as in duty bound immediately to attend in London."
"But his lordship desired to defer all discussion of the subjects noticed until after his arrival in town."
"At an early hour yesterday morning lord Grenville informed Mr. Percival of his arrival in town in a note, of which the following is reported to be the substance."
"That his lordship took the earliest opportunity of acquainting Mr. Percival with his arrival, and of communicating his sentiments of the intimation which he received in the country, and which he begged might be laid in the most dutiful manner on his part before his majesty."
"That in declining to unite with his majesty's present ministers, he was not actuated by any motives of personal hostility, but he felt convinced, that in joining his Majesty's Councils in the present crisis, he could be of no real service to his country."
"That with him it had uniformly been a chief object to soothe rather than foment political animosities, which system he thought at this moment more particularly expedient than ever."
"He therefore begged that his sentiments might be dutifully communicated to his majesty, with a firm assurance that his zeal should be unremitted (however there appeared a prospect of its being successfully) exerted in his majesty's service."
"Of course lord Grenville's letter was laid before his majesty, but it would be presumptuous in us to pretend to state what passed on the occasion."
"We have reason to believe, that one powerful and insurmountable objection in the minds of the noble lords to comply with the request that has been made to them, for aid in forming an administration, adequate to the exigencies of the present crisis, arises from a conviction that the country cannot be benefited by such expedients and projects as have for some time been carrying on. In this conviction we believe they will not be found singular; indeed we can hardly doubt that those who promoted them are now deeply mortified at the same; and confident we are that a great majority of the public—even of those who clamored for such measures, have had their eyes opened not only to the inutility, but to the mischief of persisting in such measures."
"Whoever may form the administration, when once it is arranged, we have no hesitation in asserting, must pursue a very different system from that which has been followed for many years, if they hope to make the country finally triumph over the dangers with which it is threatened."
"Those who have been in the habit of reading the Star, we are sure will not impute to us malignant motives, in stating a conviction which with us is not new, but has invariably pervaded our columns for years. We have been uniform in our sentiments, that we ought not to waste our own brave but limited population, in fighting the battles of the Continent. Nay more—that to do so is to destroy and annihilate the last hopes of the very people who now groan under the oppression of the tyrant who has levelled their institutions and liberties in the dust!"
"Lord Grenville's interview with the Prince of Wales was at Carlton House, so early as nine o'clock yesterday morning, & continued for nearly two hours."
Mr. Sheridan had afterwards a very long audience of his Royal Highness; and in the course of the morning, the Prince also saw his royal brothers the dukes of Clarence and Cumberland, and his Serene Highness the Duke of Brunswick.
FRANCE AND AUSTRIA. In the Star of Thursday we mentioned that a report had been received by the Auckland packet, from Gottenburgh, that hostilities had been renewed between Austria & France. We have now to state that the duke of Brunswick received similar accounts yesterday, by an officer from the continent.
According to the statement of the officer alluded to, the Armistice was put an end to by the Austrians; the Prussian army, under Gen. Blucher, had marched to co-operate with the Austrian forces, and the King of Prussia had himself set off for Petersburg, to confer with the Emperor Alexander.
This news has made a considerable impression on many; but we must confess we are still inclined to scepticism.
On the other hand it is asserted that a Paris paper has been received in town which mentions the actual signing of a treaty of peace between France and Austria, and that in consequence the Emperor Napoleon had returned to St. Cloud, and was to enter Paris in triumph on a given day, when great rejoicings, &c. were to be ordered to take place. We have not, however, been able to ascertain by whom this paper has been received.
THE ARMY. General Frazier embarked yesterday at Portsmouth for Gibraltar, where he is appointed second in command.
In Middleburgh and Flushing fortifications were raising, and every preparation was making to render the Island perfectly secure from any hostile attack.
THE LATE DUEL.
Between Mr. Canning & Lord Castlereagh.
A full explanation of the circumstances which led to this extraordinary disagreement has now been handed about in the high political circles, together with the note containing the challenge, and Mr. Canning's answer to that note. As the whole case is but imperfectly known to the public, we shall endeavour to describe the facts from the representation of those by whom the narrative has been read.
So long since as the Easter recess, it was submitted by Mr. Canning, and given as his opinion in a meeting of the Cabinet Council (from which Lord Castlereagh was absent) that he considered it absolutely necessary that a change should take place in the War and Colonial department. He assigned powerful arguments in support of that opinion, and suggested that no one was so fit to be the successor of Lord Castlereagh as the Marquis Wellesley. All the members of the cabinet then present concurred with Mr. Canning, for the immediate disclosure of the sentiments to Lord Castlereagh. The others, influenced by a regard to his Lordship's feelings, and having the recollection of the then recently concluded inquiry into East India patronage fresh in their memory, agreed to postpone the delivery of their avowed sentiments until the end of the parliamentary session. This proposition had Mr. Canning's unqualified approbation. That period arrived & Mr. Canning again urged the Duke of Portland to enforce the proposition submitted to the cabinet. His grace still convinced that the necessity had not been diminished, was at a loss to devise the most delicate and prudent means of conveying the sentiments of the cabinet to Lord Castlereagh—but after some few days consumed in deliberation, Lord Castlereagh was selected as the best calculated for the disclosure. At this juncture, however, Lord Castlereagh and most of his majesty's ministers, were so busily occupied in the construction and arrangement of the expedition to the Scheldt, that delay was again deemed prudent; and no communication was made to Lord Castlereagh until Mr. Canning, on the 6th instant, tendered his resignation. On this occasion the Duke of Portland contrived to communicate the original sentiments of Mr. Canning with the concurring opinion of the cabinet, to Lord Castlereagh, who after a short deliberation wrote to Mr. Canning a letter of considerable length, in which he charges him with unfair and illiberal motives, accuses him of hypocrisy, demands the accustomed satisfaction, and names the place of meeting.
To this note Mr. Canning returned a laconic answer. He laments that the information given to his Lordship must have been derived from a very partial source; and that, had his motives been fairly inquired into, it was impossible they could bear the construction so unjustly put upon them. After declining all further explanation, Mr. Canning agrees to the meeting on Putney Heath.
Yesterday afternoon, at two o'clock a cabinet council was held at the foreign office—at which were present the Lord Chancellor, Earls Liverpool, Camden, Chatham, Harrowby, Bathurst and Westmoreland—Lords Mugrage and Leveson Gower, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
LONDON, Sept. 26.
In the enumeration yesterday of the names of the cabinet ministers who retained their situations, we omitted the name of the Earl of Harrowby, a nobleman of acknowledged talents. The number of those who remain will then be seven—Lord Eldon, Mr. Percival, the Earl of Liverpool, the Earl of Harrowby, the Earl of Chatham, and Earl of Bathurst. The seceders are six—the duke of Portland, Mr. Canning, Lord Castlereagh, Earl Camden, Earl of Westmoreland and Lord Leveson Gower.
The answers from Lords Grenville and Grey cannot be expected before Thursday at the soonest. Their friends, we see, in the capital, invite them to accept the propositions made them.
In the mean time, we must again desire it to be understood, that this state of affairs in the cabinet has not been brought about by any consciousness felt or confessed of incapacity for managing the affairs of the nation. It has been solely produced by the difficulties consequent upon the resignation of the duke of Portland. Mr. Canning claimed his grace's seat, and would not remain in the cabinet, unless he was the premier. Mr. Percival's ambition was not so aspiring; but having as chancellor of the exchequer, led in the house of commons, he felt that it would be an acknowledgement of inferiority to consent to the demand made by Mr. Canning. He would, however, as report asserts with much confidence, have acceded to some other project. The Marquis Wellesley (who had been originally wished by Mr. Canning to succeed Lord Castlereagh, and whose stay in this country so long after having been appointed to the Embassy to Spain, was perhaps connected with that wish,) is said to have been distinctly proposed to Mr. Canning as the successor to the Duke of Portland. But this proposition did not at all square with Mr. Canning's claim to be his Grace's successor, and the Marquis (whether acquainted with the claim or not, we know not) is understood to have openly declared before his departure, that he would not come into office if Mr. Canning resigned. Mr. Canning resigned because he could not be prime minister. The Marquis Wellesley could not be prime minister because Mr. Canning had resigned. This we believe, will be found to be a pretty correct statement of the fact. Most sincerely do we wish that these difficulties had not existed, and that such an arrangement could have been made, as, keeping in Mr. Canning, would have brought to the cabinet the important accession of the talents of the Marquis Wellesley.
Despatches were received last night from Lord Wellington, who is at Badajoz. They are dated on the 13th, at which time the army was rapidly recovering from sickness. One division is at Montys, another at Real, the third at Campo Mayor, and the fourth at Badajoz—the heavy cavalry and horse artillery are at Merida—the light cavalry at Elvas. The enemy had not even ventured to make any attack upon the army, nor even to attempt annoying it in its retreat.
The French divisions were thus distributed:—Soult's at Plasencia, Victor's at Talavera, Mortier's at Oropesa, and Ney's at Salamanca. The head quarters of Lord Wellington between the 16th and 19th September, are said to have consisted of one room, without a door or windows, (all having been burnt for fire wood), and very few planks on the floor,
through which you could see into a dirty stable.
Sept. 23.
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.
Last night government received dispatches from Corunna, dated the 19th inst. By these dispatches it appears, that the whole of the Spanish fleet has sailed from Ferrol for Cadiz. Agreeably to instructions from the Admiralty, it had previously been fitted out by Admiral Berkeley, who had also emptied all the arsenals, and embarked on board the fleet the whole of the naval stores collected at that great naval depot. This event must tend in a great measure to tranquillize our fears in that quarter.
It also appears that 25,000 Spaniards, who chiefly composed the army formerly under the command of the Marquis De Romana, are on their march to Ciudad Rodrigo, to which place so much importance is attached, and for the security of which so much anxiety has been expressed. They were on the 30th of August at Almanca, about 50 miles north of that city, to which it was ascertained to be the intention of the French to lay siege. Lord Wellington was likewise preparing to interrupt that operation, should the garrison hold out until his army was in a state to march to their assistance.
We have also to announce the arrival of a fleet of transports in 11 days from Lisbon, by which several officers have arrived from Lord Wellington's army.
By this conveyance we have received the following particulars respecting Lord Wellington's army:
"The army are hurted, head quarters at Badajoz; General Sherbrooke's division extends from Loban to Merida; brigade of German artillery is at Merida; a troop of horse artillery is at Merida, and also some cavalry; general Crawford's light brigade of infantry is at Neila and Portalegre; another division of the army is near Campo Mayor, and Albuquerque, the 40th garrison Battalion, and the 27th h. at Lisbon; a park of artillery (four brigades) is encamped near Badajoz. The convalescent sick are at Elvas—the worst cases have been sent to Lisbon; the light cavalry is at Villa Nciiosa and the neighborhood. The army is extremely sickly; about 7000 sick, wounded, &c. The right cavalry is almost dismounted; a regiment of horses for the 14th and 16th arrived from England, under Major Archer. That fine regiment the 1st. or Royal Dragoons, commanded by that excellent officer, general Slade, landed and marched into Beterem (ten days from Cork) 700 strong, in high order. Scarcely a man put in the Lagus, and only the Barfleur and Semiramis ships of war."
Sep. 19.
Some more foreign journals arrived yesterday afternoon, from which we have given some extracts. The Monteur as might be expected, omits no circumstance attending the late events in Spain, that can produce a anything like impression of French superiority. They have a right to triumph at the present moment, nor can the idea of exultation be expected to turn while the system that has hitherto been opposed to them shall continued to endure.
The loss sustained by Venegas, on the 11th ult. at Almonacid, is said to have been very great. The enemy boasts of possessing 4000 prisoners, 35 pieces of artillery, 100 powder waggons, and 200 other waggons. Joseph Bonaparte has returned to Madrid, and celebrated Te Deum and the accounts terminate with confidence, but we would still hope, false assertion, that the fate of Spain has been decided during the 22 days in which the king was absent.
Joseph Bonaparte is said to have passed a decree utterly abolishing all the orders of Monks and Friars in Spain, which were instituted after the former decrees limiting and regulating those bodies. Has the Junta performed any such act of wisdom? It is not by abolishing, raucidity, corrupt, immoral and impious institutions that such an enemy as Napoleon is to be conquered.
VIENNA Aug. 27.
Desertion from the Austrian army is very considerable. Every day 100 150 or 200 deserters repair to our advanced posts. Disorganization seems to prevail throughout the army.
LONDON, Sept. 13.
We learn by letters from Holland, that the army was fast assembling at Caisend, and such preparations making for the recovery of the island of Walcheren, as to render it impossible for our troops to retain it beyond a month, and then only by a dreadful waste of blood.
An article by the Gottenburgh mail, which arrived on Saturday, states that the Russians have made a desperate attack upon the fortress of Ismael, were defeated by the Turks with the loss of 4500 men killed, including several generals with 17 pieces of cannon. It is added that the Seravans have also been defeated in several actions, & that the heads of 500 of the principal of them have been sent to Constantinople.
Sept. 15.
We have been informed that vessels sail from France with English licenses under a flag of truce, except French or Dutch. These are easily forged. All men of war have not got the list from government of what are granted, and suppose the French merchant sends half a dozen with the same, except the same man of war meets with two of them, the forgery is not detected and they pass safely. They bring nothing but French produce, brandies, &c.
AMERICAN CONSULATE.
LONDON, Sept. 28.
The following letter from James Simpson, Esq. at Tangier, is published for the information of the masters of American vessels, and others therein concerned, that they may govern themselves accordingly:
TANGIER, Aug. 26.
Itake the earliest opportunity of acquainting you, that by a recent order of his Imperial Majesty, all vessels approaching any port or battery on his coasts, by day, without hoisting their colors, or by night, not showing a light in a conspicuous place, will be fired upon with ball.
I have the honor to be, JAMES SIMPSON, WM. LYMAN, &c. &c. &c. London.
TURKO, September 30.
We have received no intelligence of public interest by the Prince Earnest Packet, except that the British army, under J. Stuart, had returned again to Sicily. The Spanish, 74, was left at Gibraltar on the 11th inst. with a convoy for England, wind bound. The affairs of Spain appear to be at a standstill in Portugal, the British army is waiting in suspense to hear whether it is to be enforced, to enable it to advance again—whether it is to act upon the defensive.

the Portuguese frontier, or whether it is to abandon the Peninsula altogether. But these and many other events of equal importance, must depend upon the changes now pending in the ministry. If the friends of the Prince of Wales predominate, there will, most probably, be a complete change in our political system.
This important point very naturally absorbs the whole attention of town and country. Nor does it find any interruption in the pending negotiations on the Danube, upon which no light has yet been thrown. The reported treaty between Sweden and Russia also wants confirmation. The latter negotiation is doubtless interwoven with the former; and if it be true, that symptoms of wavering have appeared in the counsels of Alexander, a speedy adjustment of our ministerial arrangements may have the happiest influence on the north of Europe.
The arrangements for the new cabinet are not yet finished, nor can they, till Lords Grenville and Gray shall have arrived in compliance with the message sent to them by command of his majesty.
The statements which appear in some papers, who are to remain in office, and who are to be admitted, have no foundation whatever. They serve merely to express the desire of certain individuals, who will have no influence on the arrangement.
LIVERPOOL, Sept. 28. Duel between Lord Castlereagh and Mr. Canning. There was a meeting at Putney Heath, on Thursday morning between Lord Castlereagh & Mr. Canning. Lord Yarmouth accompanied the former to the field; Mr. Ellis the latter. After taking their ground, they fired by signal, and missed; and no explanation taking place, they fired at each other a second time, when the ball from Lord Castlereagh's pistol went through Mr. Canning's thigh, on the outer side of the bone, without doing any further injury than passing through the flesh. Thus the affair terminated. Mr. Canning's wound is not considered to be dangerous. The cause of this extraordinary affair is said to have originated in some official misunderstanding. The challenge was given by Lord Castlereagh. Mr. Canning; we are happy to learn, is considered out of danger.
Private letters by the ship Suwarrow from Liverpool state, that a considerable rise had taken place in American produce—Flour 65s. per barrel.
NEW-YORK, Nov. 2. THE WASP. Yesterday morning the United States' sloop of war Wasp , Lieutenant Lawrence, in 32 days from L'Orient, arrived in this port. She left France on the 28th of Sept. and brings reports, that there is no peace between Napoleon and Francis, owing to the interference of the Emperor of the North. That Alexander was about to join Austria in the war, that is, to join the Archduke Bonaparte; who, it appears, is mad and was shaved by order of his physicians. Mr. Armstrong will remain at Paris; but it is now positively asserted, that he means to return to this country next spring. The deranged state of his majesty's upper works , is assigned as the cause of the delay in our ambassador's negotiations. The above is derived from a "respectable source;" but, like all the other rumors from a similar quarter, it is strongly flavored with insanity.
NEW-YORK, Nov. 1. This morning the United States' sloop of war Wasp , Lieutenant Lawrence, arrived here in 32 days from L'Orient, from which place she sailed on the 28th Sept. At the time of the sailing of the Wasp , no news of peace between Austria and France, had been received. Indeed it was rumored that a commencement of hostilities had taken place, and that Russia was on the point of joining Austria, in consequence of the enormous demands made by Bonaparte of the Emperor Francis. Our French papers by this arrival are to the 23d of Sept. from Paris. They contain but little news; but we find enough in them to convince us that the war on the continent is not at an end. They again speak in hostile terms against the Austrians.
General Armstrong told one of the passengers in the Wasp , on the 19th of September, that he had at last, procured the release of the American seamen who had been so long imprisoned at Arras, and that they would sail about the 13th of Oct. from Dieppe, in an American brig which he had purchased to bring them home.
Since the above was prepared for press, a gentleman of this city has favored the editors of the New York Gazette with the following letter written on the cover of other letters as late as the 23d of Sept.
"At this moment I have been informed that the Emperor Napoleon is at Vienna, confined with Madness—his physicians constantly attending him and applying ice to the top of his head. This news is communicated by one of the Emperor's aides-de-camp, to his brother in L'Orient." It is worthy of remark, that the Wasp has been gone from this port only 72 days. She sailed from the Hook on the 13th of August, and reached L'Orient in 19 days—the despatches by her were in the hands of Mr. Armstrong, at Paris, in 24 days after her sailing from this port; and he answered the communication by the Wasp the second day after receiving them; and we presume to say, that what he has said to our government in reply, is very concise and unsatisfactory.—N. Y. G.
THE NEWS FROM ENGLAND. Arrived yesterday the ship Commodore Rogers , in 22 days from Liverpool. Time will not permit entering into details in this publication. Wm. Stalor, Esq. a passenger on board, is the bearer of despatches from Mr. Pinkney to our government.
The clamors of the people of England—the unexampled corruptions in the ministerial offices—the failure of the expedition to the continent, and the distraction of the British cabinet Council in consequence thereof, has at length effected a change which may lead to a happy result in the situation of an oppressed people. The utmost difficulties, however, have presented themselves in the formation of a new ministry. The King will not agree to the Catholic emancipation, and the opposition will not consent to serve with the enemies of the measure upon any other terms.
The Globe (an anti-ministerial paper,) of the 4th October, gives the following as probable appointments in the new ministry: Mr. Spencer Percival, first Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer; Mr. Robert Dundas Saunders, Secretary of State for the War and Colonial Department; Mr. Arbuthnot, Sec'y of the Admiralty; Lord Wm. Bentinck, Sec'y at War; Mr. Cooke, Secretary of the Treasury; and Marquis Wellesley (now in Spain,) is also to have a place.
Proposals have been made to Lords Grenville and Gray to become members of the new ministry, but they have refused to serve as a remainder of the old, made up of Dun-
The Duke of Portland, Lord Castlereagh, and Mr. Canning have resigned, and an interregnum had taken place for near a month in their respective offices.
A duel took place in September between Mr. Canning and Lord Castlereagh; the former received his antagonist's ball in the thigh; the latter through the lappel of his coat. What a pity Canning did not aim more to the left.
Lord Wellington with the remains of his army, worn down with fatigue, and reduced to one-fourth its original numbers, have arrived at Badajoz.
It is said, there was no stunning in the late affair between the English Secretaries—it is supposed that Canning was lock jaw'd .
It is generally believed in England, that the first act of Castlereagh's courage and prowess in the field, has entitled him to the command of the next expedition.
Report says, the Earl of Chatham is swamped near Middlesex, and that he has caught the dyke fever .
The British troops in Spain have acquired such a general proficiency in the art of war, since the battle of Talavera, that they have dispensed with their leader.
Sir Arthur Wellesley had set out from his army at Tuxillo, a hundred miles in advance—on a scouting party.
The relative situations of the French and British armies in Spain are strikingly illustrated by the fact, that while the British prisoners are well fed in the camps of the former, the patriots permit those who are not yet in the hands of Victor, to forage for themselves.
Although Sir Robert Wilson and the brave Portuguese under his command, had received a lesson from Ney on the nature of mountain warfare; still the French tactics were too forcible for the head of Bobby to bear at Banos .
The un rivalled success of the British expedition to Holland, has flushed the remains of the English ministry with new fire—Another armament is to be fitted out immediately, under the command of Lord Castle-rake .
The Duke of York is to succeed the late English Secretary of war, in his absence; and, under the new arrangement, Mrs. Clarke is to be commander in chief . Public Advertiser.
The United States' sloop of war Wasp , Captain Laurence, arrived at New York, in 32 days from L'Orient, left that port on the 28th September.
In this ship arrived Lieutenant Haswell, with dispatches from the American minister at Paris. Lieutenant Haswell passed thro' Philadelphia yesterday morning, for the seat of government.
Many ridiculous reports have been put afloat at New York and in this city, and attributing their origin to Lieut. Haswell. This trick has become so common, that it appears almost superfluous to say, that Lieutenant Haswell gave no sort of room for attributing to him any such rumors. We were favored by that medium with letters, from which we publish as subjoined; and shall publish more without delay.
The British prints at New York have circulated reports of a renewal of war between France and Austria; but the best informed Americans at Paris knew nothing of the affair; on the contrary, as will be seen in the extracts below, the terms of the peace appeared to be expected hourly at Paris.
We shall, in a few days, exhibit the calumnies of Coleman , concerning the person Hopkins, and others, of those whose perjuries and piracy have exposed them (and along with them several innocent men,) to fine and imprisonment, for violating law; and which has placed several of their unsuspecting victims in the prisons of France. We are possessed of several letters from persons who have been thus confined, and shall forward them as soon as we can take copies, which we are authorised to take and publish.
What have become now of all those stories about General Armstrong's return to the U. States, and about the American house at Amsterdam, to whom he had on the 6th of Sept. given an assurance on his return to Paris, that he found dispositions to enter into negotiations, &c. and the stories about the orders in council and paper blockade; either the stories they told then or the stories they tell now are false—the fact is, that both the stories were British fabrications.
Since the perusal of the Evening Post , we have seen the Philadelphia Gazette , in which Mr. Relf displays his usual obfuscation of intellect . Among other profound intelligence we have the following:
We further learn, that the dispatches which went out in the Wasp , had not, as late as the 30th of Sept. been sent to Bonaparte, at Vienna, as (it is observed by Mr. Armstrong) it was useless to trouble him on the subject while he was engaged on the continent.
Every man of the least understanding must perceive that this is a very stupid falsehood ; for what end could the dispatches sent out by the Wasp , be sent to Bonaparte? our ambassador was in Paris, and to him and through him all communications are made. It is impossible not to feel pity for the makers of such news, and contempt for those who take such mawkish stuff for food.
Gen. Armstrong had been unintermitting in his efforts, to obtain the release of the innocent men, whom such miscreants as Laban Folger and co. had involved; we have now before us the original letters of Wm. Nichols, Isaac Doolittle, John Wyle, John Taubman, and Thos. Copping, and official copies of the papers which show the villainy carried on by Folger & co. which has exposed many honest men to imprisonment, and interfered deeply with the best interests, by tarnishing the moral character of America.
Gen. Armstrong expected to have had all the innocent Americans released, that had been involved by Hopkins, Gardner, Folger, &c. but the sudden agitation in Holland obstructed all other business.— Aurora .
Extracts of letters to the Editor of the Aurora, received by the Wasp sloop of war, dated
"PARIS, Sept. 16." "I wrote you by Mr. W. the military drawings cannot yet be executed for the same reasons that before prevailed and still continue. But report now says, that it will soon be over, and that a general peace on the continent is on the point of being concluded, and particularly with all that is left of Austria. We are not less curious here than you will be, to know how this part of the quarrel will be been settled, but as yet we know nothing either of the terms that have been offered or accepted. We suppose however, they will be sufficiently hard on Austria, & that the great British expedition has had no tendency to soften them."
"By the way, this mountain has produced a number. An army of 22,000 men, and a
fleet innumerable, has been employed near 40 days in doing what? In taking an insulated fort and garrison of 3800 effectives. What prevented them from going up the Scheldt and destroying the town, the fort, the ships, and the naval arsenals, God only knows; with the smallest degree of enterprise, they might have effected all this; I speak from personal knowledge; for I was in Antwerp, and remained there two days and nights at the time when they were expected to bombard the city from hour to hour. There was not then 5000 troops in the department, and not 500 in the town."
"But this was not the great error, the plan itself was foolish, and the object inadmissible. Had this expedition been sent either to the north of Germany, or the north of Spain, it might have done much. In the former great pains and expence had been employed and with effect, to produce disaffection, and in the latter the French army was much embarrassed and reduced by want of provisions. In the one case the French emperor must have detached largely from the main army, and in the other Joseph must have quitted Madrid and fallen back to the Pyrenees; movements like these would have made a sensible alteration in the general state of things; but as the business has been arranged, no effect favorable to their objects, or to those of their allies, have been produced; it has been to the British a mere waste of time, and money and character."
"But besides doing no good to themselves, it has rendered a most important service to Bonaparte; it has furnished a motive and a reason too, for calling out 100,000 men, who will be blended with the regular troops. He thus gets the full amount of one yearly conscription, without incurring the smallest odium or reproach. This again is a consequence in part of the point which the British chose for attack. No Frenchman of any party or description , will bear to see France insulted or invaded; there is no division of sentiment on this point; they all feel for the security of the territory, and consider the glory or the dishonor of France as their own. A sad satire on some people in certain parts of the world. This spirit accounts for the important fact, that so many thousands, without waiting for the call of a conscription, voluntarily flocked to the standard erected for the defence of Flanders, who, had the British forces been sent into Westphalia or Spain, would not have moved an inch to support either Joseph or Jerome."
"So much for the blunders of John Bull. But of all people, the American people surely ought least to regret the blunders of the beast. What an infamous game is the British government now playing with the United States! Will that also pass away with impunity? Will this too be another Chesapeake business? If it does, we shall become a proverb for weakness and irresolution. I read in the papers received here, (and with some astonishment,) that frequent conferences are held between the Secretary of State and Mr. Erskine. Is it possible that we can listen to a minister who has been publicly discredited by his own government? Every American that I have conversed with, never expected that he would have been seen more than once after the measures he had negotiated had been annulled, and that language something like this, would have been suitable to the occasion:—"Whether you speak truth or falsehood, we can no longer believe you.—It is your own government that has placed you in this situation. I heartily regret it, but I must do my duty, and tell you that this is your audience of leave. You cannot hereafter see the President." A declaration of this kind, would be such as was due to ourselves, to our love of truth, to our knowledge of the usages of polished nations; a contrary course, my life for it, could produce nothing but a reiteration of insult. But we are so bearing and forbearing—remonstrating to-day, and making overtures to-morrow—that we can export only insults in return for our overtures and apologies for our remonstrances, to be followed in a similar alternation of overtures & insults, remonstrances and apologies. It is a serious truth, that we never can reasonably expect any respect from any power, while we exhibit so little for ourselves."
"September 17." "I can add nothing in the way of public information, to what my friend G. writes you: The conditions of the peace of Austria is still unknown. A report is in circulation, that the Hungarian insurrection was raised and organized; it was expected, that at the expiration of the truce, the war was to re-commence with the Hungarian force, by an irruption into Crintinia, Styria, Salzburg and Bavaria; and that the Emperor must be compelled to abandon Vienna, and fall back on the Rhine; but illusions like these, which have nourished so many misfortunes for the monarchies of Europe, have been dissipated in a more summary mode, by a declaration of peaceable and amicable dispositions in Hungary towards France; and a determination to exempt Hungary from any share in the afflictions that had befallen the rest of Europe."
"Sept. 22.—The affairs of our legation are kept with impenetrable secrecy; that something has been in hand, the more than usual intercourse, personal and literal, with M. Hauterive, plainly indicates. The dispositions in this country are from the head to the foot, good towards the U.S.; but as no important measure can be determined here, and the emperor is said to have been very ill near Vienna, we conclude that we shall not have any thing definitively concluded before his return to Paris; and when that may be is not at present even conjectured."
Domestic. FROM THE NEW-HAMPSHIRE PATRIOT. TRUTH AND ELOQUENCE. Salem, Washington County, N. York, 17th Sept. 1809. SIR,
In behalf of the republican citizens of the County of Washington, convened on the 14th inst. for the purpose of taking into consideration the present critical situation of their country, and as foremen to their committee, I am instructed to transmit to you their unfeigned gratitude for those military services, which in a pre-eminent manner freed this county, it being adjacent to Bennington, from the hirelings of tyranny; and thereby in a manner restored tranquility to its inhabitants. At the meeting a letter from you to the Bennington committee was read. Its genuine sentiment drew forth applause, and many soldiers in the revolution, and with you at Bennington, could not repress the tear of sensibility. At this crisis it enkindled the
fire of patriotism, and filled the bosoms of our young men with noble sentiments. Such ideas, coming from a man who fought the battles of freemen, whose age & experience has enabled him to form correct opinions with respect to our governmental concerns, are worth volumes of abstract and metaphysical reasoning, to show that this or that form of government is best. That meeting instructed me to say, "that they sincerely love and venerate General STARK —that they thank the God of Battles for having prolonged his life to a good old age—that his sentiments, as expressed in his letter, are their sentiments, and they fervently pray his life may yet be spared—his mind continue unimpaired for years to come—and that he will not be wanting in warning his countrymen of the dangers arising from that faction, in former times called " Tories," but now assuming the name of "federalists." Thank God, we are not under their influence; and in this part of the Union there is a manly display of true democratic, constitutional principles."
May that Being, in whose hands are all the issues of life—who gave us a STARK in the hour of peril and danger, and who has been watchful for us hitherto, pour balm of sweet repose into your declining bosom, and still preserve to our common country those blessings for which you fought and conquered. Accept from me and through me, the respect and esteem of the Sons of Liberty in this county. JESSE L. BILLINGS, Foremen of the Committee. General JOHN STARK. ANSWER. My Quarters, Derrysfield, 10th Oct. 1809. SIR, I have lately received a letter from you, as chairman of a committee of the republican citizens of Washington county, convened on the 14th September last—in which you say much of my services in freeing your neighborhood of British hirelings. It is true, we all did what we could, and our doings, were crowned with success. But there is much to be done. The most dangerous part of those hirelings are still in the country.—We must know how to distinguish those wolves from the sheep of the flock, although they appear covered with wool. From their moufs we may know them. For the wolf cannot imitate the voice of the sheep, nor can the hireling think or express the thoughts of freemen. While one, like the parrot, is mimicking the high-sounding words of his royal employers, and crying aloud, that our only dependence is on commerce; the other, in republican simplicity, declares his own unborrowed sentiments, and says, we can never be independent till we can supply all our necessary wants within ourselves. We must learn likewise to distinguish the men who fought for the equal rights and liberties of the great whole, from those who fought only for the exclusive privileges of a federal aristocracy. These, like the others, cry for commerce, a great navy, great titles, great parade—in short, all the idle trappings and incumbrances of royalty. Merchants and lawyers are commonly of this description. The first merchants (or money changers,) that I recollect hearing of, Christ found in the Temple, and called them a den of thieves, and overthrew their tables. And in the same book it is said, the lawyers were hypocrites and despilers of widow's houses, and for a shew made long prayers. It is, however, a little remarkable, that these two professions have preserved this character so long: it is now above 1800 years. I thank you, Mr. Billings, and the republicans of Washington county, for your prayers for the continuance of my life, because I consider them as the expression of your good will. But I have lived full long enough. Nevertheless, as long as the Lord sees cause to keep me here, I will employ the remainder of my faculties in exposing the enemies of the rights of man. And I exhort you all, that in your praying, not to forget to watch too. I hope you will all enjoy the peace and liberty that belongs to freemen. My strongest friendship for you, as long as you maintain the spirit I found among you in '77. JOHN STARK. JESSE L. BILLINGS, Foremen of the Committee of Washington Republicans.
November 2.
fire of patriotism, and filled the bosoms of our young men with noble sentiments. Such ideas, coming from a man who fought the battles of freemen, whose age & experience has enabled him to form correct opinions with respect to our governmental concerns, are worth volumes of abstract and metaphysical reasoning, to show that this or that form of government is best. That meeting instructed me to say, "that they sincerely love and venerate General STARK —that they thank the God of Battles for having prolonged his life to a good old age—that his sentiments, as expressed in his letter, are their sentiments, and they fervently pray his life may yet be spared—his mind continue unimpaired for years to come—and that he will not be wanting in warning his countrymen of the dangers arising from that faction, in former times called " Tories," but now assuming the name of "federalists." Thank God, we are not under their influence; and in this part of the Union there is a manly display of true democratic, constitutional principles."
May that Being, in whose hands are all the issues of life—who gave us a STARK in the hour of peril and danger, and who has been watchful for us hitherto, pour balm of sweet repose into your declining bosom, and still preserve to our common country those blessings for which you fought and conquered. Accept from me and through me, the respect and esteem of the Sons of Liberty in this county.
JESSE L. BILLINGS, Foremen of the Committee. General JOHN STARK.
ANSWER.
My Quarters, Derrysfield, 10th Oct. 1809.
SIR, I have lately received a letter from you, as chairman of a committee of the republican citizens of Washington county, convened on the 14th September last—in which you say much of my services in freeing your neighborhood of British hirelings. It is true, we all did what we could, and our doings, were crowned with success. But there is much to be done. The most dangerous part of those hirelings are still in the country.—We must know how to distinguish those wolves from the sheep of the flock, although they appear covered with wool. From their moufs we may know them. For the wolf cannot imitate the voice of the sheep, nor can the hireling think or express the thoughts of freemen. While one, like the parrot, is mimicking the high-sounding words of his royal employers, and crying aloud, that our only dependence is on commerce; the other, in republican simplicity, declares his own unborrowed sentiments, and says, we can never be independent till we can supply all our necessary wants within ourselves. We must learn likewise to distinguish the men who fought for the equal rights and liberties of the great whole, from those who fought only for the exclusive privileges of a federal aristocracy. These, like the others, cry for commerce, a great navy, great titles, great parade—in short, all the idle trappings and incumbrances of royalty. Merchants and lawyers are commonly of this description. The first merchants (or money changers,) that I recollect hearing of, Christ found in the Temple, and called them a den of thieves, and overthrew their tables. And in the same book it is said, the lawyers were hypocrites and despilers of widow's houses, and for a shew made long prayers. It is, however, a little remarkable, that these two professions have preserved this character so long: it is now above 1800 years. I thank you, Mr. Billings, and the republicans of Washington county, for your prayers for the continuance of my life, because I consider them as the expression of your good will. But I have lived full long enough. Nevertheless, as long as the Lord sees cause to keep me here, I will employ the remainder of my faculties in exposing the enemies of the rights of man. And I exhort you all, that in your praying, not to forget to watch too. I hope you will all enjoy the peace and liberty that belongs to freemen. My strongest friendship for you, as long as you maintain the spirit I found among you in '77. JOHN STARK. JESSE L. BILLINGS, Foremen of the Committee of Washington Republicans.
Many articles excluded by the great body of Important Foreign News. Mr. Canning has not resigned his life, but his place—Castlereagh and Portland seem also to be out—It was not determined who were to supply their places—The attempt to form "a broad-bottomed administration" will probably fail—Greenville declines a coalition with the enemies of Catholic Reform, &c. &c.—A ministerial paper will not be abandoned—"in his old age"—by his people—"This venerable Sovereign, whose breath excludes 4,000,000 of the Irish people from all the rights of conscience and of men."
According to these rumors, the affairs of the continent are wrapt "in doubt and darkness." Bonaparte is mad, and the Russians are about to join Austria in the war. Thus like the Phoenix, does one hope die to give life to another.—And like Bonaparte's other disasters, these may be only a prelude to some brilliant acquisition.
A letter says, on the 6th Oct. the refusal of Lords Grenville and Grey to accept the propositions made to them, had produced a temporary briskness in Catons —but that article, as well as others, now depressed. What 17s to 17s: 6d.—Flour 60s.—Tobacco from 7 to 14s. Further details and speculations in our next.
Surveyors, seamen, and such as are interested in the curious Researches, are referred to a Communication on the last page, "On the variation of the Magnetic Needle, in Virginia," by Mr. Blackburn, Professor of Mathematics in the College of William and Mary.
The Advertisement, in the last paper, signed Archibald McCall , was published without his knowledge or authority, but by a clerk then, and no longer, in his employ—about whom and not Mr. McCall, the assertions, alluded to in that Advertisement, were made in the anonymous paper.
DIED, of a pulmonary disease, in Goodland, on the 11th October, Mr. J. L. PEERS, in the 25th year of his age. He had mingled much with the world, without adopting those vices & immoralities which too often deform the character of youth. He was a dutiful son, an affectionate brother, and an honest benevolent man.
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY. THE Annual Meeting of Stockholders, will be held at Brooks's Tavern, in Manchester, on the first Monday in December next. Such members as cannot attend in person, will, it is expected, appoint their proxies. The undersigned requires to be furnished, so soon as possible, with the necessary evidence of shares sold and transferred, since the last meeting, in order that transfers may be made on the company books and shares duly represented. JAMES BRANDER, Ctr.
November 2.
Richmond Theatre.
MR. & MRS. BRAY'S BENEFIT.
On Wednesday Evening, November 8th, 1809, will be presented, a celebrated Comedy , (unfamiliar acts,) called
WILD OATS:
OR, THE STROLLING GENTLEMEN.
END OF THE PLAY.
An OLIO , consisting of Singing and Dancing.
Comic Song—"The Gardener ," Mr. Sally.
Song—"The Rose ," Mr. Fox. (Written and composed by Mr. Bray)
A Hornpipe , Mrs. Bray. Comic Song, Mr. Bray. The Potatoe Merchant , Mr. Bray.
TO WHICH WILL BE ADDED, (BY DESIRE,) THE FAVORITE FARCE OF
The Honest Thieves;
OR, THE FAITHFUL BRISHMAN.
Tickets to be had at the office of the Virginia Gazette , at the Office of the Theatre, and at Mr. Adams's Book Store.
Mr. CAULFIELD Respectfully informs the Public, that his BENEFIT will take place on Friday Evening next, November 7, 1809.
It
JP. ATTIMELY REQUEST.
SUBSCRIBERS to the ENQUIRER , in this State, and those who are indebted to this office, for printing, &c. are informed, that the Editor expects to receive the respective demands by the hands of their Delegates to the ensuing Legislature—who are requested to oblige him in this respect. November 7. WSW.
SALES AT AUCTION.
ON Saturday next, the 11th inst. at 12 o'clock, near Richmond, at Churton's, the former residence of the late Register W. Price, now occupied by Mr. Peter Wilkinson, on the Richmond Turnpike Road. Will possibly be sold, without reserve, on a credit of 60 days, for approved endorsed negotiable notes at the Bank of Virginia, for all sums above 50 dollars; 700 head of CATTLE , in fine order, consisting of Cows, Calves and Oxen; Two fine HORSES , in good order; one Wheat Fan; one Wagon & Gear; a variety of Farming Utensils, &c. &c. PROSSER & MONCURE, Auctioneers. November 7. It
FOUND!
A Sum of money—The owner may have it by giving satisfactory evidence of his right, and paying the cost of advertising. Apply at this Office, November 7. tf
SHEPPARD AND LUKE.
HAVE received a general assortment of Groceries consisting of
Pepper, Pimento, Ginger, Imp. Tea, English Mustard, Salt in Sacks.
Also, Earthen, Glass, China and Stoneware, German, Crawley and blistered Steel, Bar Iron, Nail-rods, Snail-leather, Writing, Wrapping and Printing Paper, Spanish Segars, Cotton Cards, Shot, Powder, Window-glass, Indigo, Copperas, Allum, Logwood, Cut-Herrings, &c. &c. Which they offer low for cash, country produce or approved paper. N. B. Cash given for Flour as usual. November 7. wt
HOUSES FOR SALE.
BY virtue of a decree of the honorable Superior Court of Chancery, for the Richmond District; in a suit between George Pickett, plaintiff, and the subscriber defendant, will be sold to the highest bidder, at public auction, on Tuesday the 21st inst. if fair, if not, the next fair day. Two Brick Houses, with the out-buildings belonging to them, situate on the cross street, leading to Shockoe Ware House, in the City of Richmond. The sale will be made on the premises, and the terms, agreeable to said decree, will be twelve months credit; the purchaser to give bond with approved security, for the payment of the purchase money, and the title to be retained until the money is paid. DANIEL CALL, Executor Of the last Will and Testament of ROBERT MEANS, deceased. November 6, 1809. It
A HOUSE—(Upon the basin)—For Sale.
By virtue of the last will and testament of Robert Means, dec'd. will be sold, on the premises, on Thursday the 21st inst. if fair, if not, the next fair

Miscellaneous.
For the Enquirer.
VARIATIONS
OF THE MAGNETIC NEEDLE, IN VIRGINIA.
The law requires the county surveyors of this state, to mark the magnetic variation on their maps, but owing either to the want of proper instruments, or of skill in the use of such as might have been procured, the judicious injunction has been so irregularly observed, that it has induced more confusion than order.
Of the many methods which may serve to ascertain the absolute variation, perhaps the following is the most simple, and the most easily reduced to practice, by those who can take an altitude of the sun:
In two small holes, drilled exactly through the middle of the upright pieces, or sights of the common surveyor's compass, let a thread or very fine wire be fixed so as to pass just above the box, then when the instrument is properly levelled, & directed to that part of the horizon immediately under the sun, the shadow of the thread will coincide exactly with the meridian line in the box. Having taken, with a quadrant or sextant, equal altitudes of the sun, before and after noon, by reflection from quicksilver, water or molasses, note his azimuth or bearing at each time by means of the shadow of the thread; half the difference of those azimuths will be the variation; which, when they are S. of E. and W., and the eastern azimuth greatest, will be E.; but if the western azimuth be greatest, the variation will be W. When the bearings are N. of E. and W., the contrary rule must be observed. These observations should be made when the sun is between two and four hours distance from noon.
The western azimuth must be corrected on account of the sun's change of declination between the observations; this correction may be made by the following rule, deduced from the differential analogies of spherical triangles. (De la Lande's Astronomy, article 3086, first edition.) viz: To the logarithmic secant of the latitude less radius, add the log. cosecant less radius of the half interval of time, between the observations turned into degrees, and the common log. of the total change of declination in minutes of the sun will be the common log. of a number of minutes to be added to the western azimuth, from the summer to the winter solstice, but subtracted during the other half of the year. Or the time may be so adapted to the latitude of the place, that the correction may be always equal to twice the sun's change of declination in the interval. In lat 36° 30' this time is 2h 33m from noon, and 3 1/2 later for every degree north of that line, in Virginia. Or for those who prefer a very near approximation, it may suffice at any place in Virginia, and within one month of an equinox to use 10' as the correction; between one and two months, 7'; and thence, until within a few days of a solstice, a correction of 4', the sun's slow change of declination then rendering any farther correction unnecessary.
To satisfy myself how far this way of substituting the common compass for the azimuth compass, which is used for finding the variation by equal altitudes, &c. at sea, might be eligible, I made the experiment at Norfolk, Williamsburg, and Richmond; and found the line of no variation to run through, or near to the first of those places, lat 36° 51' long. about 76° 56'. In Williamsburg, lat 37° 15', long. 76° 57', I found 23' Variation E. and in Richmond, lat. 36° 53', long. about 77° 31' lat. 57' E. Hence I infer that the variation is E., and increasing as we advance west from Norfolk; possibly, about 2 minutes for 3° of longitude. My compass was of the common kind, without a vernier, and divided only into degrees.
If the sights are fixed truly perpendicular to the arms of the compass, the box furnished with a vernier and levels, and divided into half degrees, I am satisfied that the variation might be found in this manner, true to a minute, by taking the mean of a few observations. Even the vulgar expedient of concentric circles, and the shadow of a bead fixed on the string of a pointed plummet, will enable a very careful observer to take the azimuths, so as to make a near approach to the truth; but the circles must be pretty large, and the plane on which they are described levelled with great care, otherwise the azimuths will be incorrect.
Amplitudes can be used only at sea. To take and to work azimuths by logarithms, requires some knowledge of mathematics, and where the variation is only a few minutes, a small error in the observation, or in the work, will render the result dubious. The Pointers of the Bear can be resorted to conveniently, only at particular seasons, and the method is, in other respects, objectionable. A transit telescope well adjusted, is necessary to determine the instant when the sun's centre passes the meridian, as his motion is then, for some time, apparently parallel to the horizon. From all these considerations, I am induced to prefer the very simple contrivance which I have suggested above, and which has also this advantage, that it neither requires expensive apparatus nor complex calculation.
The correct determination of the variation and the construction of a variation chart for this state, and indeed for the United States, is of more importance than appears at first view; since it is highly probable, that for two or three centuries to come, the circumferentor is the only instrument which can be used by surveyors in this country. If the variation were once truly taken, and marked on a stone at certain noted places, suppose at every court-house, as has been done near the Federal City, the relative variation might be easily known at any future period. Nor is it quite improbable that due attention to this matter might tend to throw some light upon a subject which has eluded the sagacity of the most acute philosophers. An industrious individual could, during one summer, find the variation at every important place in the state, and take the latitudes, at the same time, without any additional trouble or delay, for a less sum than has often been expended on a law suit originating in the mistake of a surveyor.
Questions have arisen respecting the manner of allowing the relative variation so as to retrace an old line.
RULE. —If the variation has gone eastward, add the change of variation to the old course, if SE or NW, but subtract it, if SW or NE. When the needle has moved Westward, invert the Rule.
These trifles are not intended to claim the attention of mathematicians, to all of whom the application of equal altitudes is familiar, but they may be of some use to surveyors, whose opportunities for scientific attainments are too few, & to their employers, if they serve to prevent or to correct errors, and consequent disputes; or if they should induce the suggestion of any method more accurate, and as easy in practice.
I shall be particularly obliged to such gentlemen as may choose to observe the variation in the way I have pointed out, if they will let me know the result, specifying the date, the hour and the azimuth.
I have not taken any notice of the diurnal variation, having no data respecting it, in this place, nor any instrument fit to observe it.
GEORGE BLACKBURN, Examiner of Surveyors, &c. William and Mary College.
November 7, 1809. * I am not ignorant that a very different rule has been given for this correction, in a mathematical work of singular merit; if I am wrong, I shall be happy to own my error.
The two subsequent articles are on the same subject with the preceding:
QUESTIONS ON MAGNETISM.
1. Whether any gentleman who is in the practice of using the magnetic needle, has made any discovery that the needle is now returning or receding from the meridian? And if so, then 2. At what time past did the needle begin to alter its motion, from approaching the meridian, to its departing further therefrom? And then 3. At what rate is the receding motion of the needle?
As to myself, I would state, that according to the observations which I have made in practical surveying, I have for several years past supposed that the needle did not continue to approach the meridian as heretofore, but was departing further therefrom; and I have of late become confirmed in that opinion. Now, therefore, if any gentleman has been so fortunate in his observations as to be able to make an accurate discovery of the position of the magnetic needle at this day, and will publish correct answers to the foregoing questions, it will be very useful to the public and much oblige the subscriber.
NATHL SPENCER, Surveyor for Litchfield County. New-Hartford. (Con.) Sep- tember 24, 1809.
[FROM THE CONNECTICUT COURANT.]
MESSENGERS PRINTERS.
Having noticed in your paper of the 11th inst. some questions proposed by Mr. Spencer, of New-Hartford, a surveyor, together with his opinion respecting the variation of the magnetic needle, I beg leave to remark, that the original course of all old lines, compared with their present bearings, proves a demonstration that the Westerly variation has been diminished more than a century. I have myself of late discovered that the needle now points a little farther to the West than it did in 1805, but still am not of opinion that it has, on the whole, taken a different direction in variation. The magnetic needle at best, is but an unstable thing, and varies in a different temperature of the air. Through the year 1805, I continued a series of observations at different times in the day, amounting to more than 500, and found at the end of the year, that it had fluctuated within a space of almost half a degree.
Other Surveyors, who have, for a length of time, continued their observations, have found the same. Accounts are often found in certain places, of the needle's pointing several degrees either to the East or West of North. Then it progresses to the Meridian, and passes by it to the opposite extreme. This is according to the progress of the line of no variation. The present variation in these parts is from four to five degrees, and for the needle to arrive so near the Meridian and then take a retrograde motion, is to me quite a new idea. As to the rate of variation in different places, Moses Warren, Esq. of Lyme, and myself, are now engaged in collecting whatever facts we can, to ascertain, if possible, what it has heretofore been in this State, and should we be able to bring it to any degree of certainty, shall not be unwilling to make known the result. Perhaps Mr. Spencer will be willing to suspend his opinion, until the subject can be further investigated and the facts ascertained, and assist in the enquiry. Also, any other surveyor who will communicate either to me or to Mr. Warren his observations, will confer a particular favour.
The data which are wanted are, 1st. The original course of old lines—2d. Their time of location: 3d. Their present bearings: 4th. The Towns where they are. Also, whether any one has discovered that the needle has, of late, turned to the West.
GEORGE GILLETTE, Surveyor for Tolland County. Hebron, Oct. 16, 1809.
* There is a daily variation and is most discernible in the summer season—In the forenoon the needle* points to the West and returns in the afternoon—This is occasioned by the heat of the sun—and it does not always point alike in mornings.
* Here some chasm in the copy.
SMITH'S ISLAND SHEEP.
But few persons have more zealously contributed to the advancement of American agriculture and manufactures than G. W. Custis. In a late tract, which this gentleman has published with a view to promote these objects, we have a minute account of the sheep on Smith's Island. This island lies off the eastern coast of Virginia, and contains between 3 and 4000 acres. On the island there were lately between 5 and 600 sheep, which were perfectly wild; and are supposed to have originated from the common sheep of the country, which were placed on the island about 20 years ago. The change which has been produced in the quality of the fleece during this period, and which is attributed to the situation, climate and pasturage, is said to be astonishing. In fineness, Mr. Custis thinks this wool superior to any in the world; while it is longer from the Merino wool, being when full grown from five to nine inches in length, and sometimes more. In quantity, he states it to be vastly superior, as the sheep yield twice as much, and in some instances more. They are generally shorn twice a year for which purpose they are taken by stragglers. Mr. C's account of these sheep, affords many useful hints to the breeder of this valuable animal.
FROM LONDON PAPERS.
The skeleton of a mammoth in high preservation (being the second) was lately found on the coast of the White Sea, at the mouth of the river Tan.
A Partridge's nest was, a few days ago, discovered in a plot of grass which was cutting in the garden of the Rev. Mr. McKennie, of Knockbrad, Shropshire, containing 16 eggs, which had been deserted by the mother, and which when taken from the nest and laid beneath a turkey-hen, brought forth fifteen birds, which were all in a thriving state, and follow the turkey as their mother.
Some of the innkeepers in Coventry and its vicinity have adopted the practice recommended by a member of the Bath Agricultural Society, of boiling the corn given to horses, and giving them the water to drink. It is most satisfactorily ascertained, that three bushels of oats, barley, &c so prepared, will keep the horses in better condition for working than double the quantity in crude state.
[FOR THE ENQUIRER.]
SONG.
Though Winter's chilling blast congeals The moisture of Siberian plains, The hardy, far-clad peasant feels The warm blood coursing through his veins, When far and wide the north-wind flies, Its gale'd influence to impart, The ruthless tempest vainly tries To still the pulses of his heart. Secure within the impervious garb, That nature's Providence supplies, He smiles at Winter's poignant barb, And mocks its fury, as it flies! So he whom Heav'n condemns to rove, Driven by misfortune's stormy wind; If conscious worth protects, can prove The strength and dignity of MIND. Hope, on the arm of Faith reclined, Though blackening horrors frown despair; Can Heav'n's wide scenes of rapture find, And see eternal sun-shine there! OSCAR.
BARTLETT STILL has opened an Office at the Bell Tavern, in the City of Richmond; where he offers his services to the Public, to transact General Commission business in the Sale or Purchase of the different articles current in this Market, viz. Tobacco, Flour, Hemp, &c. He will also, negotiate notes on liberal terms, and is willing to undertake the collection & liquidating Merchants' and other Accounts, and in near the city—His long experience in business inclines him to hope to give general satisfaction, as he always will consider it his duty faithfully to observe the interest of those who may honor him with their confidence.
All kind of goods and produce, stored in a fire proof house, and delivered on the shortest notice.
October 24. wif
PUBLIC SALE of NEGROES & STOCK
On Monday, the 11th day of December next, will be exposed to sale, at the O.K.s. in the county of Fauquier—130 NEGROES, belonging to the estate of the late Judge Lyons, deceased, amongst whom are carpenters, sawyers & laborers, young and healthy.
A credit of 12 months will be allowed the purchasers on their giving bond with the most unexceptionable security to the trustees.
On Wednesday, the 13th day of the same month, at the late dwelling house of the deceased, will be sold, the household Furniture, with the crop of corn, stock and farming utensils. On Friday, the 15th, will be sold, at the plantation called the Fork, the crop of Corn, the Stock & utensils: And on Monday, the 19th, will be sold at the Mangopond plantation, in King William county, the crop of corn, stock, &c. The corn and pork will be sold for cash; the other articles on a reasonable credit. All persons indebted to the estate are requested to make payment before the first day of January, 1810; the money being appropriated to uses which will not admit of indugence.
BY THE TRUSTEES. Oct. 10. wif
WAS Committed to the Jail of Northumberland County
on the 17th day of May last, a negro Fellow who calls himself Bailey: he is about five feet, ten inches high, of a jet black complexion, he was sold from this County about fifteen years ago by Griffin Forester to a Mr. Jones of Bedford, and by him to a Mr. Scott of Hawkins County in the State of Tennessee. The owner is requested to apply, prove property, pay charges, or he will be sold to pay his prison fees according to law.
JOSEPH ROGERS, Jailor. Northd. County, Oct. 24. wif
EDUCATION.
The subscribers propose opening a Boarding-School, on Wednesday, the 10th day of January next, at the late dwelling of their father, the Rev'd. Matthew Maury, in the county of Albemarle, where they will instruct Young Gentlemen, in the Latin, Greek, French and English Languages, upon the following terms: Their price for board will be eighty dollars, for tuition, $33 1/3, and for washing & mending $12, payable half yearly, each boarder finding his own bedding. The qualifications of one of the subscribers have been proven by five years experience in this line of business. The other has been educated in the same School, and wants nothing but a few months experience to render his qualifications fully equal. The advantage of the situation are manifestly great, it being in the heart of a healthy and polished neighborhood, and far removed from every incentive to vice and dissipation. The subscribers are deeply impressed with the great importance of the duties which they have assigned themselves, and pledge all their powers for their performance. They have a tolerably extensive and well selected Library, which shall, during the winter nights, be used under their superintendence, for the benefit of their pupils. Should any of those gentlemen, who have patronized the labors of F. Maury, at the Green Springs, in Louisiana, choose to place their sons or wards with the subscribers, their bedding, books, &c. shall be removed to this place gratis. Communications directed to the subscribers, Lindsay's Store, Albemarle county, will be immediately attended to.
THOMAS W. MAURY, FRANCIS F. MAURY. September 12.
ON Wednesday, December 27, 1809,
at the late dwelling-house of Nathaniel Lancaster, deceased, about ten miles above the court-house, in Prince Edward county, on Appomattox river: Will be sold, to the highest bidder, the following PROPERTY, belonging to the estate of the deceased, a valuable stock of Horses, Cattle, Hogs and Sheep, the plantation Utensils, household and kitchen Furniture, too tedious to mention.
Also: Nine valuable NEGROES; also, the crop of Corn, Wheat, Oats and Fodder. A credit of twelve months will be given the purchasers, on their giving bond, with approved security.
All those who have legal claims against the estate of the deceased, will be pleased to exhibit them duly authenticated, on or before the day of sale, to enable the administrators to make provision for their payment. All those who are indebted to the estate, will see the necessity of immediate payment, as it must be evident no indulgence can be given.
JOHN LANCASTER, ROBERT LANCASTER, Adm'rs. August 18. wif
HALIFAX COUNTY, October 10, 1809
THE subscriber wishing to remove to the Western Country, offers for sale, in this county, 625 acres of Land, whereon he at present resides. This land is equal in quality, to most of the high land in the neighborhood, and superior to a considerable portion of it; is well adapted to the culture of grain of all kinds, tobacco & cotton, and highly improved with houses, enclosures, &c. and favored with excellent springs of water; altogether affording one of the most pleasant, and healthy situations in the county. The dwelling-house is sixty four feet in length, composed of a centre part 24 by 22 feet, two stories high, and wings of twenty by eighteen feet, covered with heart pine feathered plank and shingles: the underpinning and chimneys of brick, neatly laid, with convenient places, windows, &c. in the several apartments. Stair cases, &c. in a neat style. The kitchen is 28 by 16 feet—a meat house 12 by 10 feet, and a dairy 10 by 8 feet, are all frame houses, neatly built, and covered with feathered plank and pine shingles, underpinned with brick; plank and brick floors, as they severally require; with a large brick chimney in the kitchen suitable for cooking, and a stair case and upper room, with other finishings. These houses are all new and cost upwards of $2,000; there are also, a number of other houses of considerable value and convenience. About 100 acres of the land is cleared, enclosed, & divided into different fields from 10 to 20 acres, with excellent fences, and in good order for cropping. The residue, except a small part, is wood land, and generally of better quality than that heretofore cleared, and finely timbered: the whole lies well, is within two miles of Halifax court house, and upon the large trading road to Richmond, and Petersburg, which renders it a most eligible stand for any person wishing to turn his attention to public business. The price required is only six dollars per acre in cash—but if time is wished, it can be given to an extent not exceeding three or four years, upon payment of legal interest. The sale will be made privately, and possession given when required, on application to BERRIMAN GREEN. Oct. 10. w8w
COLUMBIAN MILLS.
The subscribers having purchased the Columbian Mills, beg leave to inform the public they are giving cash for Wheat and Corn. F. MARSHALL & Co. September 5. wif
BUCKINGHAM COUNTY, to wit:
TAKEN up, by Susanna Wilcox, a Sorrel Mare, about 4 feet 4 inches high, hanging mane and switch tail, a blemish in each eye, a star in her forehead, and some saddle spots on her back; supposed to be ten or twelve years old last spring: Also, a young sorrel colt by her side, said to have been foaled since she was taken up, both appraised to the sum of 25 dollars. A Copy. R. ELDRIDGE, Jr. D. C. October 31. w3w
FOR SALE, a Tract of LAND,
in the county of Bedford, about 12 miles from Lynchburg, and two from New-London, adjoining Messrs James Stepens, N. Keed and Wm. Irvine. This Land lies in an agreeable neighborhood, and has many other recommendations. The Land will be shown by Robert Bradford, living on the same. The terms of sale may be known by applying to me, in Richmond, or to Capt. William Irvine. DAVIDSON BRADFUTE. October 31. w4w
N.B. A few likely young Negroes,
will be taken in part payment. D. B.
RAN-AWAY, from my house, on Tuesday,
the 30th of September, a negro woman named MARY, about twenty or twenty two years old; she is a short black woman and tolerably likely, I expect she will make towards Manchester, as she was lately bought at that place of Mr. John F. Robertson. I believe she was raised by a Mr. Branch near Manchester. I will be thankful to any person who meets with her to have her secured and sent to me, or committed to some jail, I shall willingly pay for any extra expense or trouble that they may be at in securing her, besides the legal fee for taking up.
SAML. W. VENABLE. Prince Edward Court House, October 27. w6w
LAND FOR SALE.
The subscriber offers for sale that valuable estate on which he formerly resided, lying on James River, near the Town of Warminster, in the County of N. H. son, lately Amherst. This tract contains nearly two thousand acres. The low grounds are of the most valuable kind, and the highlands immediately adjacent thereto are very fertile and uncommonly level. It might be divided into two plantations to advantage, or continued in one, as might suit the owner. The houses are new and amply sufficient for the comfortable accommodation of a family. A more minute description is deemed unnecessary, as it is presumed the purchaser will view and judge for himself. The subscriber will only observe that the place is very healthy, lies in a fine neighborhood, and commands, perhaps, as many advantages as any other situation that is offered for sale in the state. One fourth of the purchase money will be required on the first of January, when possession will be given; and the balance will be divided into nine equal annual installments, without any charge of interest if the principal be punctually paid. A large crop of small grain will be sown in good order, and the purchaser may be accommodated with corn &c. sufficient for a year's supply. Letters directed to Buckingham Court House, or to Warminster, would be soon received and attended to. In my absence, my brother Mr. Joseph C. Cabell will show the land to any person desirous to purchase. WM. H. CABELL. September 1. wif
DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA, TO WIT:
Be it remembered, that on the third day of October in the thirty-fourth year of the Independence of the United States of America, John Robinson of the said District, hath deposited in this Office, the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following, to wit: "A collection of the most useful and approved forms of process, judgements and orders used in the County Courts and late District Courts of law in Virginia, also of bonds usually taken in the said Courts, and executions on judgements thereof; records on appeals, and writs of supersedeas; of proceedings on the arrestment of criminals, and of the entries used on the trials thereof. To which are added various forms of indictments, &c. in criminal cases. Declarations; & some of the most useful sorts of conveyances; and an index to the whole. By John Robinson, clerk of the Superior Court of Law for Henrico County, and late clerk of the District Court of law, formerly held in the City of Richmond."
In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled "An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned; and also to an act entitled "An act supplementary to an act entitled an act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned. And extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." WILLIAM MARSHALL, Clerk of the District of Virginia.
LOUDOUN LAND FOR SALE.
FOR SALE, on Thursday, the 21st of December next, on the premises, the
TRACT OF LAND.
on which the late Judge Jones resided, in Loudoun county, with about 25 SLAVES, and the stock of Horses, Cattle and Hogs, on the estate. The tract contains nearly two thousand acres, & possesses many advantages which entitle it to the attention of those who may wish to reside in that highly improved part of our country. Two merchant mills are in the neighborhood, one on the adjoining estate, and the other within two miles. It is 35 miles from Alexandria, and forty from George-Town. The new Turnpike from Alexandria, crosses a corner of the land, and terminates at the nearest merchant mill. The tract is remarkably well watered. Little river streams passing through the middle of it, and many small streams on each side, emptying into that river. About 60 or 60 acres are already well set with timber, & at least 300 are capable of being made excellent meadow. It will be divided into tracts of different dimensions, to suit the convenience of purchasers.
A credit of one, two and three years will be allowed; bonds with approved security and a deed of trust on the land, will be required. The Negroes are supposed to be very valuable, some of them being good house servants, and the others principally young men and women. For them the same term of credit will be allowed. JAMES MONROE, Executor of the late JOSEPH JONES, the Elder. Albemarle, Oct. 27. 15½
GEORGE WATT has just received, and offers
FOR SALE, Sicily, Madeira, and Sherry WINE, by the Hhd. and Qt. cask, Green Coffee, Orleans Sugar by the Hhd.; German Plant (as Simplex) by the piece or cask, half pint Glass Tumblers in cases of 1000 each, and New York Soap & Candles.
ON HAND, Madeira Wine, Orleans and Muscovado Sugars, Green Coffee, Molasses, Prime Pork, Liverpool and Stone Ware, Souchong, H. son, Skin, and Gunpowder Tea, Spanish Segars, Kaitena, Almonda, Nutmegs, Window Glass Men's & Women's Shoes, which he will dispose of by wholesale on reasonable terms. July 22. wif
TO all whom it may concern.—RICHARD
SMYTH, a native of Ireland, departed this life on the 18th of June, 1809, without leaving in this State, or in the United States, any relation by consanguinity, and possessed of some Estate in Lands within this Commonwealth, of which, as well as of the United States he had been a Citizen. His intent was to give the whole to the subscriber, as his Nuncupative Will, now of Record, will sufficiently prove; but the Subscriber has been advised, that a Will of that kind cannot effect a conveyance of Lands, how far soever it may move the intent of the Testator, and that the Lands late of the said Richard Smyth do of consequence, escheat to the Commonwealth, though contrary to his intent of bestowing them on a citizen thereof. For that reason, the subscriber has requested the General Assembly, at its ensuing session, by Petition, to carry the intent of the said Smyth into execution, by releasing the interest of the Commonwealth in the Lands whereof he was possessed, or entitled to within the same, to the Subscriber. DAVID DOYLE. August 25. wif
ADVERTISEMENT.
ON Wednesday, the 15th, (if not fair, the next fair day,) of November next, will be sold, on a credit of six months, at the late dwelling of Wm. Purney, deceased, in Chesterfield, the Stock of every kind, Household and Kitchen Furniture, & crops of every kind; also, a few NEGROES, the purchaser giving bond and approved security, to carry interest from date if not punctually paid. All persons having claims against the said deceased, are desired to bring them forward before the day of sale, as I am wishful of closing my administration, as soon as possible, and those who are indebted may be assured no further indulgence can be allowed. JOHN LEWIS MORGAN, Adm'r. October 31. wif
ON the 21st day of December next,
if fair, if not the next fair day, will be sold, at the dwelling-house of the late George Garner, in the county of Westmoreland, about sixteen likely NEGROES, and the present year's crop of corn, &c. which property will be sold pursuant to a lead of trust, made by George Garner for the purpose of securing the payment of his debts. The sale will be on a credit of twelve months, the purchasers giving bond with approved security. If the negroes and crops do not sell for a sufficient sum to pay the debts of the said Garner, the subscribers will, on the day after the sale of the negroes and crops, sell all or so much of the land conveyed in trust for the above purpose, as will make a sum sufficient for the payment of the debts of the said George Garner. All such creditors as may exhibit their claims to the subscribers before the last day of December next, will be considered as duly authenticated, and which the subscribers may consider legal and just, may purchase at the said sale, and shall be allowed a discount of their claims, against their purchase. THOS. STOWERS, } Trustees. JAMES COX, } Westmoreland County, October 24. wif
HAMPDEN SYDNEY COLLEGE.
A meeting of the Board of Trustees, on the 29th day of September, 1809.
Whereas, it appears, that some misapprehensions entertained by the public, respecting a regulation lately adopted, prohibiting the students of this seminary, from attending at the court-house, on court days, and other public days; On motion, it was ordered, That the said law be published in one of the Gazettes printed in the city of Richmond. Resolved, That a resort of the students of this seminary, to public meetings, at the court-house, on court days, Disorders, & a loss of time, gentle reproof and a corruption of morals, and eight nobis be interdicted.
It is therefore ordered, That after the commencement of the next session, no student shall be permitted to go to the court-house on court days, or on days of Master, unless when compelled to attend by legal authority. Teste, DRURY LACY, Clerk. October 17. 4w
THE subscribers wish to purchase immediately,
Black Walnut TIMBER sufficient for the making of two thousand gun-stocks. Any person wishing to contract for furnishing the said timber, will apply to us at our shop, opposite the government house. STEWARD, QUARTIER & KERNES. October 10. wif
The above subscribers wish to employ six good
Workmen at the gun-smith business, to whom liberal wages will be given: Also, five or six boys will be taken as apprentices.
THE subscriber wishes to employ two good
Workmen in the wheel wright business, to whom good wages will be given. The workmen may be at liberty