The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-03-15 00:00:00

nites us—1st, I am young in years, and I am a child indeed in politics if this be the spirit of federalism, and with all my enmity to it, which I own has been very great, if it consists in complying with prudent advice and honest engagements, in doing justice to the unfortunate, and deciding on questions of private right, by the rules of universal law—I will receive it with open arms—I will cherish it—and hug it to my bosom with the affection of a father for a long lost son returning to the paths of virtue.
My colleague near me (Mr. Clarke), with the same liberality which characterises his general conduct on this floor, has investigated the question of the legality of these claims; and contended it was most clear that the parties have no species of legal right.—I am not disposed to go largely into this examination; the volume presented by the agents which is called a “proclamation of argument,” is an able vindication of it—I will however notice some of his positions. In establishing his premises he assumes certain facts as conceded, which are denied in the most express and direct manner—first, that the claimants now before us, had notice of fraud when they purchased the lands in question, this notice he says was unquestionably given by the message of the President to Congress, and the proceedings in the House of Representatives. I have answered this assertion by a minute recapitulation of all the proceedings of that period; and I deny that they either ex post facto or imply fraud, or corruption in the remotest manner. “They had notice by the presentments of the grand juries in the state of Georgia.” Sir, I for one can declare I never saw those presentments in the newspapers; nay farther, I never saw a Georgia newspaper to my recollection until I had the honor of a seat on this floor; they are not extensively circulated beyond the limits of the state, and the fact adduced by my colleague proves nothing—but (added the gentleman) here is presumed notice ; facts, Sir, always defeat presumptions; it is not a principle admitted in law that because it was possible that the party might have obtained notice—the inference must be that he had notice.—And how is the fact of notice or no notice to be settled. My colleague well knows that if the United States shall sell any of these lands to individuals, and the claimants do, as they undoubtedly will, contest the title; the proper process will be the action of ejectment, in which it is a principle than which no one is better established, that the eldest grant must prevail. What then! why, Sir, the settler will resort to a court of enquiry whose province it is to relieve against fraud, and he will charge in his bill in chancery, that his antagonist derived his title from the act of a corrupt legislature, and that he purchased from the grantee with notice of such fraud. The answer which is sworn to, expressly denies the notice, for, Sir, the parties solemnly aver, they had no notice of fraud, or corruption, when they purchased, and a knowledge of their high characters leaves no doubt on my mind of its truth: and it is also a well settled rule in equity, that where the answer is responsive to the bill, it shall be conclusive ; unless contradicted by two positive witnesses, or one witness, and strong corroborating circumstances: where then is my colleague's doctrine of presumed, implied notice? They are, said he, pendente lite purchasers, and here the gentleman must have encountered a good old law maxim that “a purchaser for a valuable consideration without notice has a good title,” unless he be a pendente lite purchaser—what, Sir, pendente lite purchasers when they derive their title from the law of an independent legislature? the grantee armed with its official records! the great seal of state affixed! a solemn acknowledgement of the receipt of payment in their possession? That it can be assimilated to a lis pendens between A and B would indeed be a far fetched supposition—if any suit was depending, it was between the Georgians and their corrupt agents for abusing the trust reposed in them, not for exceeding their powers—as well might it be urged, that if an individual give his agent full powers, and he sell his property at a shameful sacrifice; that a suit between such individual and his agent is to affect the property which he had power to sell.—My colleague declares his willingness to make provision for such claims as shall appear to have originated in purchases without knowledge of fraud, these alone are the claims which I am willing to provide for; but we are solemnly assured by the applicants that they are all in this situation. Is this House competent to a due investigation of 1500 claims? Sir, the whole period of a session will be inadequate to this object, it is to get rid of the great difficulty which such an enquiry would impose, and more especially to remove beyond our reach the possibility of renewing the unpleasant discussion which this subject has produced, and which for the honor of my country I hope will never be witnessed again, that I am desirous to refer the question as to the cases which are deserving of compensation, and the extent of it, to commissioners to be selected by the President, in whom the utmost confidence can be placed.—My colleague near me declared that no contract originating in fraud can ever be rendered valid by any after transaction, I will prove to him an exception to this rule, in the laws and judicial decisions of the state to which he belongs, and this, Sir, will be sufficient to show that the universality of the rule cannot be contended for. In Virginia our laws declare that no bond given for a gaming contract can be available in law, that money won at gaming may be recovered in a suit brought either by the party losing or any other person who will sue for it, that all conveyances of land on that account shall be utterly void, yet under this law the high court of appeals have decided that where a party gave a bond for the payment of a gaming debt, and assured a third person in the presence of the obligee that it was good and he would pay it; which third person received the bond by assignment, he should be ever afterwards incapable of claiming the benefit of the statute, and that the debt should be paid.—But I shall be told by the gentleman this is not a case analogous to the one before us; in answer to this, I will say, it is not necessary that it should be, it is a strong exception to his rule, and that was what I engaged to have—Mr. Speaker, strip this question of all extraneous matter, and what is it? plainly this—the United States are appointed trustees by the state of Georgia, to dispose of a certain designated fund which belonged originally to Georgia, and by the claimants it is contended was ceded to others, but which Georgia denies was a legitimate act.—This fund as I have shown cost us nothing—we are requested, nay we have engaged to appropriate it for quieting, and compensating those claims thus controverted, and to carry those engagements into execution, we are about to appoint commissioners of our own choice, with powers ad hoc to the object, and this act is denounced as a stupendous robbery; by an appeal to the people—be it so.—People of the United States, we invite your attention to this transaction, we confide in the purity of our motives which are influenced by considerations of justice alone; and we rely on you for an approval of our conduct. The persons who
claims are before us, are purchasers of land from the grantees of Georgia, for a valuable consideration without notice of fraud, those from whom they purchased were in possession of the law of Georgia ratifying the sale of grants, duly executed with all the solemn formalities and receipts for the purchase money—many of the claimants are among the most distinguished characters in the northern states, they had held, and then held important offices under the state authority, and had taken an oath to support the constitution of the United States; which declares that full faith and credit, shall be given to the acts, and judicial proceedings of the respective states; their inclination as well as their oaths induced them to give full credit to them; it could not be presumed by them that the Representatives of a sister state, had been corrupted; and although the act of sale might have been indifferent, and a bad bargain to the vendors: they knew also, that the constitution prohibited the states from passing any ex post facto law, by which any title vested in others will be impaired—under these circumstances, they ask that we should give them a part of the property for apart from satisfying their claims, or permit their right to be decided before the judicial tribunals of the nation, and to grant this request is what a majority of the House of Representatives believe that justice, no less than sound policy dictates; and this is what we have been told, is a stupendous robbery—I rely on the policy of this measure, that alone is sufficient in my opinion to warrant the adoption of this report; adoption of this report; we can now quiet these claims by a portion of the five millions; they may if not quieted recover fifty millions by the decrees of our courts of justice; this is a serious reason, in favor of the policy of the measure—last year, when, as my colleague alleges, the press was gagged, and a virtual sedition law was in force, he declared “let them get a decree of the courts in their favor, let them take possession of the property and I will extend the last dollar in the treasury, and sacrifice the last life in the nation to fight them out of the country” (here Mr. Randolph declared, loud enough to be heard, that he still said so) Mr. Jackson proceeded. The gentleman declares that he is still in the same mind, that these titles are to be trampled under foot, by a lawless soldiery.—Is this true policy? God forbid, that my colleague, whose influence in this House, is equal to the capacity of the speculator whose gigantic grasp has been described by him, as extending from the shores of lake Erie, to the mouth of the Mobile, should make the nation think so. Sir, an enlightened and independent judiciary is the safeguard of the poor, against the tyranny of the rich, it is the safeguard of the citizen against the tyranny of his government—In England, Sir, the virtue of the judiciary has, except in a few instances, disgraceful to their authors, been the only refuge of the subject against the gripings of tyranny—the judiciary there has been the pride and boast of that nation, and has excited the eulogies of this; our judiciary, is the sheet anchor of safety, against popular fury, or the more destructive, though less violent attacks of usurpation. I look to it with veneration and respect, as the preserver of civil rights, and civil liberty; but if it is to yield to the power of an army, and its decrees are to be reversed on the points of hiring, mercenary bayonets; then indeed, nought remains of liberty but the name, a phantom not worth preserving.—It is politic in the language of the President, to compromise these claims, “a prompt settlement too, of all existing claims within this territory, prevents itself as a preliminary operation.” It is politic, Sir, on every ground, many eminent lawyers alike superior to the quirks, and quibbles of the law, as well as the heresy of making the law yield to a military force, believe in the legality of these claims, and if there is a pretext of law on their side, it will produce more injury than the value of the land, they are willing to take; I speak experimentally upon this subject—ten millions of acres of land, (by computation) in the district I represent, are claimed by persons called the Indiana company, by a grant from the six nations of Indians! In the year 1744, a public treaty under the regal authority, was held at Lancaster, with those Indians, and at that time they ceded the whole of their title to all the lands within the chartered limits of the state: some years afterwards, viz. in 1768, as an indemnity to a company of merchants for goods forcibly taken by the Indians, they ceded a large tract of land, bounded by the Laurel Hill, on the east, the Pennsylvania line on the north, the Ohio river, on the west, and the little Kenhawa on the south; to Trent and others. In 1779, this company petitioned the Virginia legislature, to grant them some compensation, this they refused to do, and they proceeded to pass sundry resolutions upon the subject, namely, that this grant to Trent, and his associates was null and void, that the exclusive right of pre-emption from the Indians, was vested in the government, and that they would vindicate its rights to their utmost power.—Soon after the constitution was adopted, suit was brought against Virginia in the federal court, and in consequence of the amendment concerning the suability of the states, it was dismissed; various efforts were afterwards made by the company to obtain some allowance, and finally they instituted a suit against us in the Virginia circuit court of the United States, which is now depending. I presume from a reference to the dates of the grants, and the established rule that individuals cannot purchase the Indian title; every member of this House will join me in saying, that there is no chance of success for the company—yet, Sir, the district attorney of Virginia, who my colleague on a former occasion, pronounced to be a gentleman of great legal learning, (which I also admit) has given an opinion in their favour, and he with other eminent lawyers generally as learned as himself, are their counsel; the effect of the existence of this claim is, that a tract of country larger than Massachusetts, separated from the province of Maine, larger than Connecticut, New-Hampshire, or Vermont, possessing the most salubrious climate in the United States, a most fertile soil, and temperature second to none in the Union, situated too upon large navigable rivers—scarcely contains thirty thousand inhabitants; and even now in consequence of a renewal of the suit, our most valuable citizens are abandoning their homes, which are sold for much less than their value, and removing to a country where no such dispute can annoy them. Sir, if we had resorted to a compromise which their utmost demand, would have been much less than the injury we have so sensibly felt. Mr. Speaker, having taken this view of the subject, I shall, notwithstanding the claimants have been denounced as swindlers, liars, hypocrites, and accessories to a stupendous robbery, which far outstrips the petty larcenies of the federalists, vote for the reference of their claims, to commissioners: because I believe their respectful exercise of a constitutional right, the right of petitioning, is entitled to attention, and because I do not think they are base men, but abused in a cruel manner, whose lives refute the charge made against them—and if I were permitted to address them upon the occasion, I would say, be not afraid of the flasks of slander, your characters are your shields, and I would add, in
the language of a great man, who, after an attentive study of human nature, declared— “Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, Thou shalt not escape calumny.” (Debate to be continued.)
REGISTER, OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES.
THURSDAY, February 28. On motion, Resolved, That this House will immediately resolve itself into a committee of the whole, on the bill to alter and establish certain post roads. The House accordingly resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. VARNUM in the chair. On the said bill; and after some time spent therein, the committee rose and reported the bill with several amendments, which, after being twice read, were concurred in by the House. The said bill was then further amended, and together with the amendments, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, to-morrow. A motion was made and seconded, that the House come to the following resolution: Resolved, That the Clerk be directed, as soon as may be, after the close of the present session of Congress, to advertise three weeks successively, in two newspapers, printed in the district of Columbia, that he is ready to receive separate proposals for supplying the House of Representatives, at their next Session, with the necessary stationery and printing wanted; which advertisement shall describe the species of stationery and printing wanted, and that the proposals to be made must be accompanied with sufficient securities for performance. And in the month of September, he shall publish in the same newspapers, a statement of the prices at which the stationery and printing are proposed to be furnished by each applicant, and shall notify the lowest bidder or bidders, whose securities are deemed sufficient, of the acceptance of his or their proposals. The House proceeded to the consideration of the said resolution, when A motion was made to postpone the farther consideration thereof until to-morrow, and passed in the negative. The main question was then taken, that the House do agree to the said resolution. And was resolved in the affirmative, 76 members voting for, and 36 against it. A message was received from the Senate, notifying that they have passed the bill amendatory of the act for regulating grants of land and providing for the disposal of lands of the United States, fourth of the fifth of Tennessee, the bill appropriating a sum of money for the purpose of building gun boats, and the bill to authorise the erection of a bridge across a mill pond and marsh, in the new yard of the United States, in the town of Brooklyn, in the state of New-York, without amendment. That they have passed the bill to authorise the secretary of war to issue military land warrants, with an amendment, and the bill to amend the charter of Georgetown, with several amendments, and that they have passed a bill freeing from postage, all letters and packets to and from Aaron Burr. The House according to the order of the day, resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. GIBSON in the chair. On the bill from the Senate, further providing for the government of the territory of Orleans; and after some time spent therein, the committee rose and reported the bill with two amendments. The House proceeded to consider the said amendments, whereupon, The first amendment being twice read, was agreed to by the House. The second amendment being twice read, for inserting a new section between the third and fourth sections of the original bill, as follows: Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the council and Representatives of said territory, when met and organised, shall nominate persons, resident in said territory, and citizens thereof, whose names shall be returned to the President of the United States, one of whom the President shall appoint and commission to be governor of said territory, who shall hold his office for the term of years from his appointment; shall take the same oath or affirmation; and shall have the powers and authorities within said territory, as are given by law to the governor of the Mississippi territory. And in case the office of governor shall become vacant, such vacancy shall be filled in the same manner as is herein provided for appointing the first governor; and until a governor shall be appointed, commissioned and sworn, in manner provided by this act, the powers and authorities of governor, shall be exercised by the governor of the territory of Orleans, appointed in virtue of an act, intitled an act, erecting Louisiana into two territories; and providing for the temporary government thereof. After some debate, the question was taken, that the House do agree to the said amendment. It passed in the negative, 46 voting for and 57 against it. Ordered, That the said bill, with the amendment, be read the third time to-morrow. The House according to the order of the day, resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. DAWSON in the chair. On the bill for the relief of Richard Taylor, and after some time spent therein, the committee rose and reported the bill with several amendments, which, after being twice read were concurred in by the House. Ordered, That the said bill with the amendments, be engrossed for a third reading to-morrow. Mr. NEWTON, made a report on the petition of sundry freeholders and inhabitants of Portsmouth, Virginia, which was read, and ordered to lie on the table. Adjourned.
PHILADELPHIA BOTTLED PORTER. ORDERS for the above article, addressed to the subscribers (if accompanied with cash) will be placed in the hands of experienced bottlers, and promptly complied with under their particular direction, at the rate of one dollar eighty-seven cents and an half per dozen, bottles included. ISAAC W. MORRIS & Co. Brewers, Philadelphia. March 15. 4t. FOR RENT OR LEASE, And immediate possession given: A HOUSE on the Basin of the Canal, occupied at present, and for four or five years past by the subscriber as a retail Grocery, and is one among the best stands in the city for that business. For terms, apply to ARCHBOLD & HUGHES. February 26. 6t
Foreign Intelligence.
LONDON, January 4. Remittances from America never came more slowly. In the southern American states the failure of the crops has left the planters and merchants without means to satisfy the demands of their creditors in this country. The laws of the American states are, however, much too favourable to debtors willing to defraud their creditors. A man who owes more than he chooses to pay, in America, may transfer his property, by a secret assignment, to some confidential friend, suffer himself to be laid in prison for debt, then after a few days imprisonment, swear that he has nothing in the world with which to satisfy his creditors, come out of prison free from any claim, resume the property of which he had made an unjust transfer, and renew his business a richer man than before. According to a list, printed by an order of the minister for home affairs, the population of Russia last year amounted to thirty-three millions and a half, without including two very distant provinces, of which no estimate of the population has been received. It is asserted in some of the French papers, that the two frigates La Sybille and La Didon, which lately effected their escape from New-York, where they had been so long blockaded by two of our frigates, arrived on the 11th ult. in the road of port Liberte, where they are performing quarantine. Paris, Dec. 25.—Gen. Moreau, it is thought, will embark for America in the beginning of January.
LEGISLATIVE BODY.
PRESIDENCY OF M. FONTANES. Sitting of the 10th Nivose, 31st December. The President read the following message: EXTRACTS From the Registers of the Secretary of State. “At the palace of the Thuilleries, 31st Dec. “NAPOLEON, Emperor of the French. “We have named, and do name, M. M. Champagny, minister of the interior.—Regnier and Lacuée, counsellors of state, to repair to the legislative body this day, the 31st December, and make there the following exposition of the situation of the republic. (Signed) “NAPOLEON. “By the emperor, the secretary of state, (Signed) “H. B. MARET.” M. Champagny.—Gentlemen, in consequence of the nomination of which you have been informed, I have the honour to lay before you an exposition of the present state of the French empire. “The internal state of the republic is at this day such as it has been at the most tranquil times. No movement, that can alarm the public tranquillity; no crime that belongs to the remembrance of the revolution; every where, useful undertakings; every where, the amelioration of public and private property, attest the progress of confidence and security. “The heaven of opinions no longer disturb opinions; the sentiment of the general interest, the principles of social order, better known and more refined, have attached every heart to the common prosperity. This, all the administrators proclaim; this, the emperor has observed in all the departments which he has traversed. This has been demonstrated in the clearest manner. All the armies are seen, at the same time separated from their generals; all the military corps from their chiefs; the superior tribunals deprived of their first magistrates; the public administration of its first organs; the churches of their principal pastors; the cities, the country stripped every where, at the same moment, of every thing that could have power and influence over the mind; the people every where left to the bent of their own genius, and the people have every where shown themselves attached to order and the laws. “At the same moment, the sovereign pontiff traversed France. From the banks of the Po to the banks of the Seine, he has been every where received with a religious homage, paid to him with love and respect, by that immense majority which, faithful to the old doctrine, saw a common father, and the centre of common faith, in him whom all Europe reveres, as a sovereign raised to a throne by his piety and his virtues. “A plot, framed by an implacable government, was going to re-plunge us in the abyss of civil wars and anarchy. Upon the discovery of this horrible plot, all France was thrown into emotion; anxieties perfectly lulled to sleep are awakened, and in every heart, at once, are found again those principles which were constantly ours, before error and weakness had alienated the mind, and guilty intrigues perverted opinion. “It was found that the divided power was without concert, and without strength. It was felt, that, entrusted for a time, it was precarious, and permitted neither long labours, nor reflections; that, entrusted for the life of a single man, it grew feeble with him, and left after him only chances of discord and anarchy. It was finally discovered that there was no safety for great nations, but in hereditary power, which alone could secure the political life, and embrace ages and generations in its duration. “The senate has been, as it ought to be, the organ of the common anxiety. This desire of inheritance, which was in all hearts truly French, soon manifested itself; it was proclaimed by the electoral colleges, by the armies. The council of state, the magistrates, the most enlightened men, were consulted, and their answer has been unanimous. “The necessity of hereditary power, in a state so extensive as France, had been for a long time perceived by the first consul. In vain did he resist the force of principles—in vain did he attempt to establish a system of election, which might be able to perpetuate the authority, and transmit it without danger, and without trouble. “The public inquietude, the hopes of our enemies, blamed his work. His death was to be the ruin of his labours. It was at this moment the jealousy of the foreigner, and a spirit of discord and anarchy assailed us.—Reason, sentiment, experience, alike assured all the French, that there could be no certain transmission of power, but that which operated without an interval; that there could be no tranquil succession, except that which was regulated by the laws of nature. “When such motives supported such pressing wishes, the determination of the first consul could not be doubtful. He resolved therefore, to accept for himself, and for two of his brothers after him, the burthen, which the necessity of circumstances imposed upon him. “From his own meditations, matured by conferences, with the members of the senate, by discussions in the councils, by the observations of the most enlightened men, is formed a series of dispositions which fixes the inheritance of the imperial throne; “Which assigns to princes their right and their duties. “Which promises to the heir of the empire an education regulated by the laws, and such as shall be worthy of his high destinies; “Which designates those, who, in case of minority, shall be called to the regency, and marks the limits of their power; “Which places between the throne and the citizens dignities and offices accessible to all, encouragements and rewards of public virtues; “Which gives to men honored with great distinctions, or invested with great authority, judges, too great to bend before their authority, or before their distinctions; “Which gives to crimes against the public safety, and the interests of the empire, judges essentially attached to the safety of the empire, and to its interest; “Which places more éclat and more weight, in the function of the legislator, more development and extent in the public discussion of the laws; “Which brings back the tribunals and their judgments to their old denominations, which had obtained the respect of ages; “Which, in fine, guarantees the rights of the prince and of the people by oaths, the eternal guardians of all interests. “These dispositions have been decreed by the Senate Consulate of the 28th Floreal (18th of May); the French people have manifested their free and independent will; they have wished the imperial dignity to be hereditary in the direct, legitimate and adoptive line of descent of Joseph Bonaparte; in the direct and legitimate line of descent of Louis Bonaparte. “From that moment, Napoleon has been, by the most just title, Emperor of the French. No other act was necessary to prove his titles and consecrate his authority. “But he wished to restore to France its ancient forms, to recall among us those institutions, which the divinity seems to have inspired, and to impress upon the commencement of this reign the seal of religion itself. To give to the French a splendid proof of his paternal tenderness, the head of the church has pleased to give his assistance to this august ceremony. “What deep and durable impressions it has left in the heart of the Emperor, and in the memory of the nation! What conversations for future generations, and what a subject of admiration for Europe! “Napoleon prostrates at the foot of the altar which he has raised; the sovereign pontiff imploring upon France and upon him the blessings of Heaven, and, in his wishes for the felicity of one nation, embraces the felicity of all nations! “Pastors and priests, lately divided, uniting to his supplications their gratitude and their voices! “The senators, the legislators, the tribunes, magistrates, warriors, administrators of the people, and those who preside over their assemblies, mixing together their opinions, their hopes, their wishes. Sovereigns, princes, ambassadors, struck with this grand spectacle of France, reëstablished upon her ancient foundations, and by its repose assuring the repose of their country! “In the midst of this pomp, and under the eyes of the eternal Napoleon, pronouncing the immutable oath, which secures the integrity of the empire, the stability of property, the perpetuity of institutions, the respect of the laws, and the happiness of the nation. “The oath of Napoleon will be forever the terror of enemies, and theegis of the French. If our frontiers are attacked, it will be repeated at the head of our armies, and our frontiers will no longer fear foreign invasion. “It will be present to the memory of the delegates from authority. It will remind them of the object of their labours, and the rule of their duties; and if it does not secure their administration from some errors, it will secure a prompt reparation. “The principles which it confederates are those of our legislation. In future, fewer new laws will be proposed for the deliberations of the legislative body. The civil code has satisfied the public expectation. It is in the memory of the citizens, it enlightens their steps, and their conduct, and every where it is celebrated as a blessing. “A project of a criminal code, completed within these two years, has been submitted to the revision of the tribunals, and is, at this moment undergoing the last discussions of the council of state. “The code of the pleading, and the code of commerce, are still in the state in which the labours of the last year left them. More urgent cares have called off the attention of the Emperor, and it is one of his maxims not to propose to the deliberation of legislators any projects of laws but such as have been matured by long and sage discussions. “The schools of legislation are going to open; inspectors are appointed, who throw a light upon their precepts, and prevent it from degenerating into vain and useless experiments; the Lycees, the secondary schools, are filling with youth eager for instruction. “Fontainbleau has already furnished a militia, distinguished in our armies for its high state, its attainments, and regard to discipline. “The Polytechnic school is peopling our arsenals, our ports and our establishments, with useful hands. “At Campègne, the school of arts and trades daily obtains new success. That which is forming on the limits of La Vendee, is expected with impatience, and will soon be in full activity. “Prizes have been decreed to the sciences, to literature, and the arts, and, during a period of ten years, devoted to works which his majesty is determined to recompense, he has a right to expect that the genius of the French shall produce master-pieces. “In the department of bridges and roads, the works already commenced have been prosecuted with vigour, others have been planned, and each year prepares new projects for the prosperity of the state, to be executed in the succeeding ones. But the untowardness of the seasons has opposed the foresight and the zeal of administration; rains descending in torrents have broken up the roads with greater rapidity than their ravages could be repaired; some works have been destroyed; others have been for a moment suspended; great calamities have overwhelmed some of the departments, & particularly that of the Rhine and Moselle. A judicious prefect, anticipating the intentions of the emperor, has given assistance to the unfortunate persons who fell victims to it. His majesty has raised their courage by his presence, and has consoled them by his favors. “The scourge of contagious disease afflicted the neighbouring countries; the vigilance of the administration has preserved our territory from its effects; it is now abating in those parts where it extended its ravages. By persisting in measures required by prudence and the public welfare, the attacks of this evil will be prevented, without interrupting the communication necessary for the supply of our commerce and manufactures.”

"In the midst of La Vendee a new city is erecting, which is intended to be the seat of the administration. It will thence extend its active and steady superintendence over every quarter; thence information will be propagated throughout this whole department, in which ignorance and the want of instruction have so often involved simple and honest minds in the intrigues of the malevolent."
"The decrees of emperor have called commerce to the left bank of the Rhine, and given to Mentz and Cologne all the advantages of actual entrepots, without the danger of introducing contraband commodities into the interior of France."
"Improvements are made in the manufactures, and, while in their vain declamations, the mercenaries hired by the British government boast of their distant and precarious resources, dispersed on the seas and in the Indies; while they represent our workshops as deserted, and our artisans dying of misery; our industry is extending its roots in our own soil, drives the manufactures of England far from our frontiers, has equalled them in what constituted their glory and their success, the perfection of their machines, and will soon dispute with them the consumption in every quarter to which they can be conveyed."
"Agriculture, our principal manufacture, is daily acquiring greater extent, and receiving new improvements. A system of exportation, so well planned, that it can be extended or contracted, according to our wants, ensures to the cultivator the price of his labour, and the plentiful supply of our markets."
"New encouragements are paving the way to the improvements of the breed of our horses; our wools have attained greater perfection; our fields are covered with cattle, and real wealth covers every part of our empire with opulence; reviving security has given more ample scope to active benevolence excited by religion, and the recollection of our misfortunes, it is no longer confined to temporary charities, it extends to the future, and confides its treasures to the government, by which they are employed conformably to its wishes. Never were so many legacies and pious donations bequeathed to the hospitals, and charitable establishments. Some of these institutions have been created and restored by private individuals; never did suffering humanity find more friends, nor indifference more relief. They are distributed with equal judgment and zeal, and the hospitals, managed with an intelligence which increases their advantages, by economizing funds, afford relief to every want, a cure for the multitude of diseases, and are no longer those abodes of destruction which devoured their numerous and wretched inhabitants. Thus the number of the indigent in the capital is less, by 32,000, than it was in 1791; and, by 25,000, than in the year 10."
"Religion has resumed its empire, which it exercises only for the good of humanity; it is accompanied with a wise toleration, and the ministers of different persuasions, who adore the same God, honor each other with testimonies of reciprocal respect, and know no other rivalry than that of virtue."
"Such is our internal situation. Abroad, French courage, seconded by Spanish faith, preserves to us Santo Domingo; Martinez delies the menaces of the enemy, and, under a paternal government, more durable and stronger ties of attachment to the mother country are established."
"Guadalupe has enriched itself by the spoils of British commerce; and Guiana continues to prosper under an active and vigorous administration."
"The Isle of France and Reunion would now be the depot of the riches of Asia; London would be in convulsions and despair, if inexperience or weakness had not defeated a plan most ably concerted. Those islands at least, are enriched by prizes taken from our enemies."
"Our armies still continue to deserve the reputation they enjoy. With the same valor and the same discipline, they have acquired that patience which waits without murmuring for opportunities, and confides in the prudence and designs of the chief who commands them. Our soldiers and our officers learn to master the element, which separates them from that island which is the object of their retirement. Their industry and address astonish the eldest and most experienced seamen."
"Our fleets, by their continual manoeuvres prepare for combat, and, while those of our enemies are battered by winds and tempests, ours, without injury, learn to cope with them."
"Last, since the commencement of the war, we have gained Hanover, we are, more than ever, in a situation for striking a decisive blow against our enemies. Our marine is in a better state than it has been these ten years; by land our army is more numerous, in higher condition, and better provided with every requisite to insure victory, than it ever was."
"In the department of the finances have prevailed the same activity in the receipts, the same regularity in the administration, the same order in the expenditure of the public treasure, and almost without fluctuation the same value of the public debt."
"War has produced a necessity for extraordinary expenses; but the sums thus applied have been retained within our territory; they have given us ports, vessels, and that is necessary for the development of our forces against our enemies."
"These extraordinary expenses now cease—and those who our warlike attitude requires will henceforth be directed with an economy, which the urgency of the preparations necessary both for attack and defence did not permit."
"The revenues of the crown will defray all the expenses of the emperor's coronation, and those which the splendor of this throne will continue to demand. The pomp by which he is surrounded will never be a burden to the nation."
"The situation of Europe has experienced only one important change."
"Spain reposed in a neutrality to which France had consented, and to which the British cabinet had agreed. Her vessels were suddenly attacked, and the treaty of Amiens was violated with regard to her, as it had before been for France. His catholic majesty has taken those measures required by the dignity of his throne, the violation of public faith, and the honor of a generous nation, whose destiny he directs."
"The emperor of Austria devotes to the improvement of his finances, to the prosperity of his provinces, to the progress of their commerce, the repose which the loyalty of his character and the interest of his subjects recommend."
"The Italian republic, administered and governed by the same principles as France, demands, like her, a definitive organization, which shall secure to the present and future generations all the advantages of the social compact united to this republic, by the duties imposed upon it; and, as president and founder of that state, the emperor will justify the confidence reposed in him, and secure its destinies and independence in serving the interests of the French people, to whom it also owes its existence and in reconciling the interests of the two friendly nations with the real interests of the neighboring powers.—By these changes, which the will of one nation and the interests of all demand, will, at length fall to the ground all absurd calumnies, and France having herself raised, upon the spot where she had placed her limits, will no more be accused of a wish to trespass beyond them."
"Helvetia enjoys, in peace, the blessings of her constitution, of the wisdom of her citizens, and of our alliance."
"Batavia still groans under an oligarchical government, without union in her views, without patriotism and without vigour."
"Her colonies have been sold a second time, and surrendered, without firing a gun, to England; but that nation has energy, morals, and economy. She wants only a firm, patriotic and enlightened government."
"The king of Prussia upon all occasions has shown himself the friend of France, and the emperor has seized every opportunity that presented itself to consolidate this happy harmony."
"The electors, and all the members of the German body, faithfully maintain the relations of friendship and good will, which unite them to France."
"Denmark follows the councils of a policy always wise, moderate, and judicious."
"The spirit of Catherine the great, will watch over the councils of Alexander the first. He will remember, that the friendship of France is for him a necessary counterpoise, in the balance of Europe; that placed at a distance from her, he can neither attack her, nor disturb her repose, and, that his chief interest is to seek in his relations with her the market necessary for the productions of his empire."
"Turkey wavers in her politics, and follows through fear, a system which her interest disavows. May she not learn, at the expence of her existence, that fear and uncertainty accelerate the fall of empires, and, that they are a thousand times more fatal than the dangers and losses of an unsuccessful war."
"Whatever may be the movements of England, the destinies of France are fixed; strong in her nation, strong in her riches and the courage of her defenders, she will additiously cultivate the alliance of friendly nations and will neither make enemies nor fear them."
"When England shall be convinced of the insufficiency of her efforts to disturb the continent; when she shall be sensible that she can only lose in a war undertaken without object, and without motives, when she shall be convinced that France will never agree to any other conditions than those of Amiens, and will never consent to allow her the right of breaking treaties at pleasure, by keeping possession of Malta; England will then be adulated by pacific sentiments; hatred and envy are the passions of the day."
M. le President—M. Melliet, the minister of the interior, the counsellor of state, and the legislative body, give you the act of the exposition which you have just presented to it—it will form a general committee to consider of this communication, and will adopt a deliberation worthy of itself and the government which sends you."
The paper of the 2d contains the addresses from the tribune and legislative body to the emperor, returning thanks for his statement.
manic body, faithfully maintain the relations of friendship and good will, which unite them to France."
"Denmark follows the councils of a policy always wise, moderate, and judicious."
"The spirit of Catherine the great, will watch over the councils of Alexander the first. He will remember, that the friendship of France is for him a necessary counterpoise, in the balance of Europe; that placed at a distance from her, he can neither attack her, nor disturb her repose, and, that his chief interest is to seek in his relations with her the market necessary for the productions of his empire."
"Turkey wavers in her politics, and follows through fear, a system which her interest disavows. May she not learn, at the expence of her existence, that fear and uncertainty accelerate the fall of empires, and, that they are a thousand times more fatal than the dangers and losses of an unsuccessful war."
"Whatever may be the movements of England, the destinies of France are fixed; strong in her nation, strong in her riches and the courage of her defenders, she will additiously cultivate the alliance of friendly nations and will neither make enemies nor fear them."
"When England shall be convinced of the insufficiency of her efforts to disturb the continent; when she shall be sensible that she can only lose in a war undertaken without object, and without motives, when she shall be convinced that France will never agree to any other conditions than those of Amiens, and will never consent to allow her the right of breaking treaties at pleasure, by keeping possession of Malta; England will then be adulated by pacific sentiments; hatred and envy are the passions of the day."
M. le President—M. Melliet, the minister of the interior, the counsellor of state, and the legislative body, give you the act of the exposition which you have just presented to it—it will form a general committee to consider of this communication, and will adopt a deliberation worthy of itself and the government which sends you."
The paper of the 2d contains the addresses from the tribune and legislative body to the emperor, returning thanks for his statement.
ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, MARCH 15, 1805.
FRENCH EXPOSE.
The official exposition, which appears in this day's paper, of the external relations and the domestic situation of France, is on many accounts entitled to the profound meditation of the statesman. As we regard the history & downfall of institutions, or the fate of the present world, intimately connected with the conduct of nations, whether we consider the balance of power, or the hope of deep-seated peace, or in what other light we regard this official statement, it is eminently entitled to our most serious attention. Though the time is not yet arrived when the political destiny of America appeared to be intimately blended; when we were concerned in all her revolutions, however, when she appeared actuated by the same illustrious principles, which had inspired our own exertions; when the enthusiasm of free inhabitants seemed to have given an impulse to the politics of Europe, which would have shaken every throne to its centre, and delivered every nation from their chains; though this fairy scene has now disappeared, with all the wonderful revolutions, which it had originally promised; still we are compelled to admit that the cabinet of St. Cloud has scarcely diminished the degree, though it may have varied, the influence of the nation; still we must perceive, that though France is no longer destined to be the deliverer of Europe, yet she materially regulates the balance of its power and that in her hands are the issues of peace or war. In these political movements, our own interests, our manners, our commerce are deeply concerned, however wide the ocean which rolls between us. It is not however from these general outlines which this expose delineates of the external relations of France; it is not only, from the views which it displays of the political fluctuations of Europe, with respect to the progress or the termination of hostilities, that this official document acquires all its interest; but it is likewise from its interesting development of the internal affairs of France, of the progress of its physical improvements, and of the arts, of the state of its army, its navy, its finances, but above all of the revolutions of its government, of the probable consequences to which they will conduct the nation, and of the false lights and plausible pretexts by which it attempts to reconcile the people to this inglorious usurpation. It is from such political sketches as these, that we are enabled to estimate the temper of their new government; and that we are able to form an imperfect view of a people, who having in vain attempted to be free, have once more fallen under the sceptre of a despot. Such experiments are as awful, as they are uncommon; and there is no nation, which already enjoys or which wishes to acquire, a republican constitution, that may not draw some useful instruction from such memorable lessons. The state of France may then be regarded either as an imperfect barometer of the resources and issue of the present war; or as an imperfect mirror of the present condition of France, when a new dynasty has been elevated to the throne, and the delightful visions of the revolution have apparently vanished.
PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.
Two of the managers of the House of Representatives, disappointed and disgusted with the result of Judge Chase's prosecution, are said to have proposed the following amendments to the federal constitution:
FROM THE WASHINGTON FEDERALIST.
On Friday the first instant, after the decision of the High Court of Impeachment in the case of Judge Chase, had been made, Mr. J. Randolph, in the House of Representatives, introduced the following motion:
Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in congress assembled, two thirds of both houses concurring. That the following article be submitted to the legislatures of the several states, which when ratified and confirmed by the legislatures of three fourths of the said states, shall be valid and binding as a part of the constitution of the United States:
Upon motion that it be referred to the consideration of a committee of the whole House, it was agreed to—Yeas 68—Nays 43—and afterwards it was made the order of the day for the first Monday in December next.
And on the same day, Mr. Nicholson made the following motion, which was referred to a committee of the whole house—yeas 53, nays 46—and made the order of the day for the first Monday in December next.
Resolved, That the following article, when adopted by two thirds of both houses of congress and by the legislatures of three fourths of the respective states, shall become a part of the constitution of the United States, viz.
That the legislature of any state may, whenever the said legislature shall think proper, recall at any period whatever, any senator of the
United States, who may have been elected by them, and whenever a vote of the legislature of any state vacating the seat of any senator of the United States, who may have been elected by the said state, shall be made known to the Senate of the United States, the seat of such senator shall thenceforth be vacated.
Should the first amendment be adopted, there will be two ways for removing a judge from the bench; the present method of impeachment before the Senate, and the joint address of both houses of Congress to the President. Our federal judiciary will then be assimilated to the English bench, for says Blackstone "in order to maintain both the dignity and independence of the judges in the superior courts, it is enacted by the statute 13 W. c. 3, that their commissions shall be made (not as formerly, durante bene placito , but) quamdiu bene se gesserint , and their salaries ascertained and established; but that it may be lawful to remove them on the address of both houses of Parliament." There are only two States in the Union in which the judiciary hold their office on the same precarious tenure; for although the judges of eight states may be removed on the address of the Legislature to the executive, there are two only in which they can be removed from a joint address only; as will be apparent from the following table which is intended to illustrate the condition of the judiciary in the different states of the union:
   STATES. TENURE. REMOVABILITY.     United States During good behaviour By impeachment by the H. of Rep. before the Senate.   N. Hampshire During good behaviour By impeachment, and by address of the Legislature to the Governor.   Massachusetts During good behaviour By impeachment, and by the Governor & Council, on address of both Houses.   Connecticut Annual appointment Usually re-appointed during capacity to serve, unless guilty of misbehaviour.   R. Island Vermont Ditto. Ditto.   New-York Annually, & often if need be Impeachment by assembly; tried by the Governor and Council.   N. Jersey During good behaviour Disqualified, when sixty years old.   Pennsylvania Sup. court 7 years Impeachment by the assembly; tried by the council.   Delaware During good behaviour Gov. may rem. on ad. of 2/3 of each House, &c.   Maryland Ditto. 1st. by the preceding method & 2d. by imp. by the H. of Rep. of all agreeing.   Kentucky Ditto. For misbehaviour, on conviction in court of law, & by the gov. on ad. All. 2/3 each house concurring.   Virginia Ditto. Impeachment; or by joint address of 2/3 of both houses of the Legislature.   S. Car. Ditto. Impeachment by H. of Rep. of judges of gen. court tried by C. App. & vice versa.   Georgia Ditto. Imp. by assembly or g. jury & tried by special court. Imp. by assembly, tried by senate.   Tennessee On imp. or removable by gov. on add. of 2/3 of both houses.   Ohio During 7 years, during good behaviour  
From this table it follows that the state constitutions, and in that of the United States the judges are removable by impeachment. In New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio and Georgia, they are moreover removable by the governor, on address of the legislature, for cases of misconduct, not sufficient to require impeachment. In New-Hampshire and Massachusetts the governor and council may remove on address of a majority of both houses; in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Georgia and Ohio, on address of two thirds of both houses.
The second amendment is intended to secure a more complete responsibility of the federal senate to the state legislatures: this object might have been accomplished in two ways; either by the proposed plan of an immediate control, or by a limitation of the period for which they are elected. Should the proposed plan be adopted, it will introduce a tenure of office; completely unknown to the higher functionaries of the federal or state constitutions. There is not a respectable officer either in the federal or state governments, who holds his place during the good pleasure only of the organ that appointed him; there is not a respectable officer, who does not hold his place either during a limited period, or until it has been taken from him by some regular process, for some misbehaviour. Here then it becomes us to enquire, whether we cannot obtain the necessary responsibility of our agents by these regular forms; or whether we shall introduce a different tenure of office, completely unknown in the higher departments of our governments.
In other words it is not possible to secure the fidelity and integrity of our federal senators, by limiting the duration of their office, and making their elections more frequent? Should this alternative be adopted, the next question will be, what ought to be the period for which they may be elected?
To arrest the circulation of atrocious and unfounded calumnies is one of the principal benefits derived from a free press.
The Editor of the Enquirer has good reason to believe that in remote parts of the Country, Tales have got into circulation respecting Mr. Ogilvie's conduct, as destitute of truth, as they are calculated to injure his reputation, utility and feelings; tales, discredited in this place by every person who had any intercourse with his family; not only without the shadow of evidence, but opposed by every form of evidence; tales, for which their authors if they can be detected will be awfully responsible. The falsity of the calumnies, to which the Editor refers, can be disproved by the certificates of physicians and by every species of testimony, of which subjects of this sort are susceptible.
To the Editor of the Enquirer. THE preliminary remarks, which the warmth of your benevolent and friendly feelings induced you to prefix to the paragraph announcing Mrs. Ogilvie's death, draw from the writer of that paragraph and the principal sufferer by that melancholy event, the following observations:—They were written under the influence of feelings inexpressibly tormenting, and are transmitted for publication with infinite reluctance.—But extraordinary situations impose extraordinary duties. If his reputation and tranquility are predestined to be the victims of calumny, he will at least demonstrate a willingness to afford decisive evidence of the injustice of the sentence.
Observations subjoined to the paragraph announcing the death of Mrs. Ogilvie. DOES there exist, or could there exist a man, who, entrusted with the protection, and blest
with the society of such a woman, could have treated her with gross neglect or inhumanity? If such a monster in the shape of man there be, he whose mournful duty it was, with a bleeding heart and streaming eye to announce this deplorable event, animated by a sentiment of unutterable indignation, pronounces him the most inhuman remorseless ruffian, the most fiend-like savage villain, that ever profaned the nature or the name of man. For such a miscreant no remedy could be sufficiently tormenting, no calamity sufficiently damning! Indelible! Inexpiable! no hell too horrible! Next in atrocity to such a monster would be he, who, without the shadow of evidence, but in the face of indubitable testimony and incontrovertible facts, could give or pretend to give even momentary credence to so infernal a calumny! And last in this scale of depravity would be the unfeeling soulless coward, who having good and solid reasons to attach the slightest faith to such a tale, and connected by the ties of blood or friendship with such a woman, would permit such a monster to walk in safety or to sleep in peace, who could forbear to condense and discharge on his devoted and defenceless head the thunder and lightning of public indignation. The press is worse than lumber, public opinion an empty found, justice a shadow, a name, a nothing, moral sentiment an hypocritical, odious, tantalizing cant, if offences like these can be suspected without enquiry, believed without proof, or perpetrated with impunity. On this subject he dare not farther trust his tortured feelings—perhaps he has already said too much—but he could not say less.—A tale, hatched by stupid ignorance and black malignity has been told and circulated to, (he knows not what extent) without the faintest shadow or semblance of a fact to support it—fact did he say? No, opposite to fact as truth to falsehood, or midnight darkness to meridian light. The demon of calumny may secretly mutter her malignant spells, but for the protection of truth and innocence, happily for mankind the press furnishes a talisman of irresistible power. Let this calumny dare to assume a palpable, questionable shape, in any mode, or form, or place where he can reach it, and if he does not annihilate it, he is content to be regarded by every human being, whose ear his name may reach, as an inhuman savage and remorseless villain. He has lived in Virginia upwards of twenty years; during that period, he declares in the sincerity of his soul, and he appeals to all who know him for the truth of his declaration, that he never in thought, word or deed, injured any human creature. His abilities, such as they are, have been exerted, conscientiously, steadily and with enthusiasm, to promote the happiness and improvement of all who have fallen within the sphere of his intercourse. In return he has been traduced and misrepresented without mercy. To this species of calamity, he has become in some measure insensible. His merciless discipline in the school of adversity, whilst it withered some of the finest sensibilities of his soul, invigorated and tempered his fortitude. But this last attack is too horrible to be endured. He confesses his foul has writhed in torture and
All the horrors that the guilty feel, With tenfold torment rack'd his guiltless breath.
Alas! alas! poor human nature. He has escaped, and but escaped alive, the tortures which have been prepared and inflicted with such infernal art. His existence and faculties are at this time valued by him only as they arm him native hell, the fiend
late it, or perish by its power. The most unmerciful accident in his life, his absence from Richmond during the death of his wife, has afforded a favourable circumstance which has afforded a favourable circumstance to her id fortune sport more sinews, than on this occasion from Richmond under it he would return in calm, and find that of pleasantly re-established; society of persons to whom he has been so tenderly attached, and for several years, devoted to the principles of '76. By the vice-president—John Randolph—An honest and able statesman.
Thomas Brockenbrough—The Vaxo speculators—May such men never want a Randolph to expose their deeds to light and execration.
William Upshaw—William Duane—the Editor of the Aurora—the friend of the people—the ex-officio of pretended patriots—May his exertions be crowned with success, and his success, not corrupt his heart.
A. Ritchie—Our patriotic countrymen, Lewis and Clark, who are now travelling the wilds of America, in pursuit of useful information—May they have a speedy and safe return to their friends and fellow-citizens.
RICHMOND ACADEMY LOTTERY.
18th DAY'S DRAWING.
Prize of 1000 Dolls.—No. 3368.
Prize of 100 Dolls.—No. 2541.
   Prizes of 12 Dolls.—No's. 3628 751 195 2752   789 2638 2 234 3449   2970 2573 3412 875 3435   637 1217 5307 3363 2806   965 709 2469 3611 78   2142 183 3102 5 2630   1949 1450 3009 1593 209   1273 3500 2237 1505 326   313 1646 887 1781 3293   2109 852 2216 1998 3573   1589 759 2604 1998 1573   1259 248 3487 2072 754   3235 9484 1121 2429 457  
240 Tickets in the Wheel. Drawing will be closed to-morrow.
NOTICE.
BE it known to all whom it may concern, that all the agents, who were appointed to make our declarations for Assurance, in the Mutual Assurance Society against fire on buildings of the state of Virginia, are, under the late laws and regulations, to do no more business for the said Society, unless that they are re-appointed: they are therefore hereby requested to send me as soon as possible their respective commissions, they being revoked and of no validity. W. F. ASH, principal agent, M. A. S. March 15.—17.
BLANKS.
The following Blanks, printed on a handsome Script Type, may be had at the office of the Enquirer.
   BANK Checks, (plain) pr. quire 1   ditto. ditto. (ruled) 1 50   Negotiable Notes, 1   Ditto on fine paper, 1 25   Foreign Bills of Exchange, 1 50   Bills of Lading, 1   County Court Clerks' Blanks, 50   Sheriffs' ditto, 50   Contables' Warrants, 50  
PRINTING generally executed in an elegant style, and on the shortest notice.
the immortal art of printing.—In an honorable contest, when young Betty went to Edinburgh, he had to contend with all those prejudices which invariably meet and repel every Irishman who sets his foot on British ground, whether it be to the north or to the south; when the good people of Old Revere saw the young Irishman, they ingeniously contrived to make a Scotchman of him; they laid his name was Spelled Beattie and that he was related to the celebrated author of the Mindarel .—When he went to London, he there had to encounter contrary prejudices, which ever strongly operate, against both Scotch and Irish; but when his astonishing abilities established his claim to applause and celebrity, the Londoners quickly gave him an English patronage, asserting that he was born near to Shrewsbury, &c.—The English having deprived the Irish of their parliament, their trade, their liberty, and the free exercise of their religion, they stop not to rob them even of their credit of giving birth to a great actor.—Mark how plain a tale shall put them down!—Master Beatty was born in the parish of Ballynahinch in the county of Down, in the north of Ireland; he was baptized by the Rev. Mr. Foster, who taught him to read, and it is well known, that he made his first debut at Atkins's Theatre in Belfast, in the year 1763, when he was only eleven years of age.
A festival was given in the town of Tappahannock, at Major Bank's tavern on the 4th of March, commemorative of the day which gave to our government, a republican administration. A numerous assembly of the most respectable inhabitants of Essex, and some of the neighbouring Counties, convened at about 1 o'clock, to hear an appropriate oration, which John Horace Upshaw delivered at the Courthouse, by the particular request of the committee of arrangement. At 4 o'clock, the company repaired to an elegant dinner; Laurence Mute presided as president, and James Hunter as vice-president. The day was spent in the utmost harmony and conviviality.—The following toasts were drunk, accompanied by appropriate music.
 1. The day we celebrate—May the principles which gave it birth,

LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Transmittal statement of Goods, Wares and Merchandise, exported from the United States, during one year prior to the first day of October, 1804—also two additional statements marked A. and B. exhibiting the respective value of the several species of articles of Domestic produce, exported during the years ending on the 30th day of September 1803 and 1804. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, February 26th, 1805. SIR, I have the honor to transmit herewith, a statement of goods, wares and merchandise, exported from the United States, during one year prior to the first day of October, one thousand eight hundred and four, and amounting to seventy-seven millions, six hundred and ninety-nine thousand, and seventy-four dollars. The goods, wares and merchandise of domestic growth or manufacture, included in this statement, are estimated at forty-one millions, four hundred and sixty-seven thousand, four hundred and twenty-seven dollars; and those of foreign growth or manufacture, at thirty-six millions, two hundred and thirty-one thousand, five hundred and ninety-seven dollars. Two additional statements, [A] and [B], have been prepared for the purpose of exhibiting the respective value of the several species of articles of domestic produce, exported during the years ending on the 30th days of September 1803 and 1804. The returns heretofore received from the collectors are not, however, sufficiently particular in that respect, to render those statements altogether correct. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, Sir, Your obedient servant, ALBERT GALLATIN. The honourable the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
A STATEMENT Of the Exports of the United States, from the 1st of October, 1803, to the 30th of Sept. 1804.     SPECIES OF MERCHANDIZE. QUANTITY OR VALUE.   DOMESTIC. FOREIGN.     Ashest Pot, tons 3,411   do. Pearl, do. 1,138   Apples, barrels 6,801   Beer, Porter and Cider, in casks, gallons 75,501 3,271   do. in bottles, dozens 4,416 388   Beef, barrels 154,896   Biscuit or Ship-bread, do. 85,512   do. kegs 50,390   Buckwheat, bushels 2   Barley, do. 5,318   Bran, and shorts, do. 156   Beans, do. 36,614   Butter, pounds 2,476,550   Boots, pairs 6,024 189   Bricks, M. 1,031   Bark, essence of, gallons 941   Corn, Indian, bushels 1,944,873   Coal, do. 2,982   Cheese, pounds 1,299,872 78,566   Chocolate, do. 9,489   Cotton, do. 35,034,175 3,088,866   Coffee, do. 48,312,713   Cocoa, do. 695,135   Candles, Spermaceti, do. 127,229 373   do. Tallow, do. 2,239,356 26,728   Cables, and tarred cordage, cwt. 4,165 2,556   Canvas or sailcloth, pieces 54   Cards, wool and cotton, dozens 258   Playing, packs 1,008 3,024   Copper or brass, and copper manufactured, dollars 8,654 23,325   Coaches, and other carriages, do. 14,755   Flour, barrels 810,008   Fish, dried or smoked, quintals 567,825   do. Pickled, barrels 89,182   do. kegs 13,045   Furniture, household, dollars 78,585   Flaxseed, bushels 281,757   Flax, pounds 986   Gunpowder, do. 510,520   Ginseng, do. 301,499   Hats, do. 48,915   Hams, and Bacon, pounds 1,904,284   Hair powder, do. 5,587   Hops, do. 385,886   Hides, raw, number 4,635   Horned cattle, do. 6,290   Horses, do. 5,126   Hogs, do. 5,599   Iron, Pig, tons 35   do. Bar, do. 53   do. Castings, dollars 9,17   do. All manufactures of, do. 40,83 48,664   Indigo, pounds 26,9 149,088   Lard, do. 2,565,7   Leather, do. 214,2 123,172   Lead and shot, do. 19,80   Meal, Rye, barrels 21,773   do. Indian, do. 111,327   do. Buckwheat, do. 48   do. Oat, do. 1   Molasses, gallons 55,259   Mustard, pounds 5,023   Mules, number 605   Medicinal drugs, dollars 21,663 133,170   Merchandise, and all other articles of goods } not particularly enumerated do. 431,315 8,946,490   Nails, pounds 110,780 141,125   Oil, Linseed, gallons 19,047   do. Spermaceti, do. 5,550   Whale, and other fish, bushels 646,805   Oats, do. 73,726   Pork, barrels 111,585   Pitch, do. 6,225   Peas, bushels 42,23   Potatoes, do. 96,427   Poultry, dozens 6,344   Rice, tiers 78,385   Rye, bushels 1,715   Rosin, barrels 4,675   Spices, pepper, pounds 5,703,646   do. Pimento, do. 463,539   do. All other, do. 115,047   Spirits, foreign, from grain gallons 329,594   do. from other materials, do. 789,465   do. Domestic, from foreign materials, do. 409,521   do. from domestic produce, do. 41,979   Shoes, and slippers, pairs 123,741 10,606   Skins, and furs, dollars 958,609   Saddlery, dollars 7,827   Starch, pounds 30,401   Soap, do. 2,796,982 742,015   Sugar, brown, do. 813,014 54,085,650   do. Clayed, do. 20,060,702   do. Loaf, and other refined, do. 106,167 25,868   Squash, pounds 20,068 610   Spikes, do. 1,750   Sheep, number 12,456   Spit-stuff, cwt. 2,466   Steel, unwrought, do. 116   do. manufactures of, dollars 8,593   Salt, Glauber, cwt. 92   do. other, bushels 28,455   Sugars, pounds 3,949   Tobacco, manufactured, hhds. 278,071   do. unmanufactured, do. 83,345   Tallow, pounds 35,440   Tea, Bohea, do. 231,842   do. Souchong, do. 760,064   do. Hyson, do. 101,785   do. other green, do. 125,542   Tar, barrels 58,181   Turpentine, do. 77,827   do. Spirits of, gallons 19,526   Wheat, bushels 127,024   Whalebone, pounds 134,006   Wax, do. 217,889   Wine, Madeira, Malfay, and } London particular, gallons 22,399   do. all other, do. 32,648   do. Sherry, and St. Lucar, do. 10,803   do. Lisbon, Oporto, &c. do. 8,853   do. Teneriffe, Fayal, Malaga, &c. do. 16,509   do. all other in casks, do. 1,453,008   do. Burgundy, Champagne, &c. dozens 821   do. Port, and other in bottles, do. 40,346   Wood, staves and headings, M. 34,614   do. shingles, do. 75,156   do. hoops, and poles, do. 4,228   do. boards, planks, &c. M. feet 76,000   do. lumber, tons 19,826   do. all other timber, wood, and lumber, dollars 55,924   do. oak bark, and other dye, do. 88,470   do. all manufactures of, do. 203,175  
FOR SALE. On a credit of 18 months, at the Eagle Tavern, on the 25th March ensuing: A Certain tract or parcel of LAND, lying in Patrick county on Mayo river, containing 550 acres more or less, being that tract lately owned by John Spencer, and sold by virtue of a deed of trust for the benefit of Dunlop, Pollok & Co. Col. Geo. Penn of Patrick, will flee the land to any person disposed to purchase. An undisputed title with general warranty, will be made the purchaser on payment of the money—undoubted security will be required. PROSSER & MONCURE, V. M's. February 19.
WILL BE SOLD. At Public Auction, on Saturday the 20th day of April next, at the Rawleigh Tavern, in the city of Williamsburg: THAT valuable Plantation called YARMOUTH, lying in James City county, on Chickahominy River, ten miles from Williamsburg. The improvements are, a two story brick house, with two rooms and a passage above and below; porticoes on each side; a large and capacious barn, and three other out-houses. The whole tract, including an island, in view of the house, high and low land with marshes, contains about 2700 acres; scarcely one third of which is cleared. Two thirds of the island is arable, which, with the land adjoining the house, is of superior quality. Adjacent to the island are two bold and navigable creeks, with a convenient landing to each. The range for cattle is very extensive, and the marshes and meadows will supply an abundance of hay. Fish and wild fowl, in their respective seasons, may be easily obtained at your door. The orchards, consisting of the greatest variety of all kinds of fruit, selected with care, are now in their prime. The terms of sale are one third cash and one, two and three equal annual payments, for the balance. PEYTON RANDOLPH, Jr. For ELIZA INNES. Feb. 19. (eptds)
NEAL NELSON,  BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND. MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use. Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale. Gentlemen, at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot. A—the length of the Boot. B—round the Calf. C—the pitch of ditto. D—round the heel and instep. E—round the instep. G—across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and tick a knife at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. January 1. eptf
TO BE SOLD—FOR READY MONEY. IN pursuance of a decree of the Circuit Court of the United States, between Phineas Bond, attorney for the creditors of Ezekiel Edwards, plaintiff, and David Ross, and others, defendants, in order to raise the sum of 7000 dollars 40 cents, with the expenses of sale, A NUMBER OF SLAVES and so much of that valuable Estate in the county of Campbell, known by the name of the OXFORD IRON WORKS, as shall appear sufficient to raise the said sum of money and the said expenses; the said land being now in the occupation of the said D. Ross, and the slaves aforesaid, being on the same. The sale will take place at the Oxford Iron Works, in the county of Campbell, on Thursday the 11th of April next. The slaves are represented to be very valuable. The land is so well known, as to render a description unnecessary. BEN. MOSBY, D. M. for JOS. SCOTT, M. V. D. March 1, 1805.
RISH Linens and Sheetings; Superfine Cloths and Cassimeres; India, Italian and French Silks; Do. Malt Malt Muffins; Do. do. do. Hdkfs; Fancy Muffin, Veil and Shawls; Colonnade Muslins; Cambric Dimities & Gallinees; Laced Caps and Veils; Do. Hdkfs and Shawls; Do. Gloves and Mitts; Wasp Leather and Kid Gloves. For Sale by BARTLETT STILL. January 18. tf
VALUABLE PROPERTY  FOR SALE. WILL BE SOLD, to the highest bidder, on the premises, on the third day of April next, at 12 o'clock, an undivided moiety in the two lots of ground, formerly the property of Andrew Ronald, dec'd. fronting the Basin of the James River Canal, near the center of the city of Richmond, with an undivided moiety of all the valuable buildings thereon, consisting of a large three story BRICK BUILDING, eighty feet in length, with four tenements, twenty feet wide and forty-five feet in length, with fire places on the first and second floors, roomy garrets in each, with large wheels fixed for hoisting and lowering packages, &c. with dispatch and ease, good dry cellars, with fire places in each. This house has been lately built and in good repair; adjoining is a well finished two story framed dwelling house, thirty eight feet square, with two good cellars, with fire places in each for cooking, in the first and second floors are eight rooms and six fire places—Also, a small two story Brick House with four rooms, with fire places in each, convenient for a store or small family, likewise a small wooden building with a cellar, built for a kitchen, and may be used as a shop; also two stables and a carriage house. The buildings except the kitchen, stable and carriage house, are insured in the Mutual Insurance Company against fire in the state of Virginia, and the premiums paid. The lots front the basin on one side, and are bounded by Cary's street, and the street leading to Shockoe warehouse, on the two other sides of them, and are as convenient for commercial or other business as any in the city. The terms of sale, will be seventeen thousand dollars in ready money, the residue payable the fifth day of August next, for which residue, bond with approved security will be required. It is deemed unnecessary to state the great value of the above property, to those who reside in this city, but for the information of strangers, the subscriber begs leave to state, that the aforesaid property is immediately opposite the lower part of the basin of the James river canal, where all the produce of the upper country is landed; and to any person desirous of carrying on the commission business extensively, perhaps is superior to any other in this city. WILLIAM AUSTIN. February 8. tf
TO PRINTERS.  HENRY OURAM—PRESS-MAKER, South-east corner of Prune and Sixth-streets: RESPECTFULLY informs the trade, that he undertakes to supply Printing-Offices with every thing in his line, having a complete Printer's Joiner, constantly employed in making the wood part of Presses, Furniture, Rules, &c. &c. Chases of all sizes, Composing Sticks, Brass & Wood Galleys, &c. &c. constantly on hand, or made to order with dispatch and neatness. Orders from any part of the Continent attended to. Philad. Jan. 5. eptm.
NOTICE. Mutual Insurance office, Richmond, March 4th, 1805. THE members of the Mutual Insurance Company against fire on Goods & Furniture in the state of Virginia, are particularly requested to meet at the said office, either in person or by proxy on Monday the 8th of next month (April) on business of the utmost importance to the company. On referring to the 23d article of the Constitution of the said company, it will be found that no meeting shall be convened, and certain rules and regulations complied with, which, with other matters of much consequence renders it necessary that there should be a strict compliance with the above requisition. BENJAMIN DUVAL, President. (ep. 32v)
HE subscriber wishes to sell the HOUSE & LOTS in Williamsburg wherein he resided the last year—there are four acres of ground, with a comfortable dwelling, and every necessary out-house; has new enclosures, is situated in an agreeable part of the city, and offers the advantage of having excellent water on the spot. The terms are one thousand dollars. WILLIAM MCANDLISH. Williamsburg, March 12. (Sickawm)
Wm. McKENZIE & Co.  HAVE FOR SALE—4000 Dollars Military Certificates, bearing interest at 6 per cent. and stock of the Bank of Virginia. February 26. eptf
CHOICE LANDS—FOR SALE. DIVISION of the famous Saura Town Lands having taken place between the heirs of James Park Farley, Esq. dec'd. and Col. John S. Farley and his sister Mrs. Elizabeth Morfon, the subscribers, Robert Taylor of Norfolk, and Charles Duncan at Rosin, near Petersburg, are fully empowered by the said Col. Farley and Mrs. Morfon, to dispose of their proportion, containing 12,832 acres, which are surveyed and laid off in eight lots, containing from 500 to 2800 acres, agreeable to plots in the possession of the said Duncan. The four largest lots are of excellent quality, each containing a considerable proportion of the richest low grounds, which produce tobacco of the very first quality, as has been experienced by one of the subscribers, who dropped it for a number of years. Those lands lie on Dan and Smith's rivers, in Rockingham county, on the borders of North Carolina, about 170 miles from Petersburg and Ric.mond. As there are seldom such lots for sale, they must be an object to those who want to purchase such as will produce fine tobacco, hemp and small grain. One third of the price must be paid in ready money, one third in twelve months, and the other third in two years, the purchaser giving bond with unexceptionable security bearing interest from the date if not punctiliously paid. Those who wish to purchase will be shown the lands by Doctor John L. Cox, living at Leeksville, near Rockingham Court-House, and the terms made known by ROBERT TAYLOR, or CHARLES DUNCAN. Petersburg, Nov. 24. eptf
BROKER'S OFFICE. THE Subscriber has opened a Broker's Office, opposite the Union Tavern, and over the Counting-house of Tonnas and Amos Ladd. All business confided to him, will be transacted with strict fidelity. THOMAS NORVELL. He has for sale—A FEW SHARES IN THE MANCHESTER TURNPIKE. Also—Old State Certificates, bearing six per cent interest. March 12. tf
MAP OF VIRGINIA. PROPOSALS FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, A Map of Virginia: FORMED FROM ACTUAL SURVEYS, AND THE LATEST AS WELL AS THE MOST ACCURATE OBSERVATIONS. BY JAMES MADISON, D. D. PRESIDENT OF WILLIAM & MARY COLLEGE. TO which will be added, A MAP of the greater part of the State of Ohio, from actual surveys, including the whole of the Virginia Military Tract; with all that part of the state West of the Ohio River, to the Indiana boundary line. The north-east corner of the Map will be ornamented with an interesting View of the City of Richmond. The size of the MAP will be five feet six inches in length, and three feet eight inches in breadth. An ingenious and skilful Engraver is engaged to execute the work, in a style not inferior to any similar work in the United States.
CONDITIONS. The price to subscribers will be eight dollars, neatly mounted, colored and glazed.—One dollar, (to lighten the great expense of publication,) to be paid on subscribing. To non-subscribers the price will be ten dollars. [COPY RIGHT SECURED.] In offering the above work to the public, the proprietors are sensible that excellence is not often attainable; but with candor and truth, equally remote from arrogance and partiality, they can say, that they conscientiously believe it has a just claim to the confidence and patronage of the people. A Map of Virginia has been long and anxiously looked for: None has been published, on the plan of the one now offered, for many years, when Augusta was the frontier county. The labor, expense, and apparent difficulties, in accomplishing so interesting a work, have deterred several from the arduous undertaking. The proprietors, finding that most of the other states had recently given encouragement to similar productions, and entertaining a high sense of the real dignity and importance of Virginia, embarked in the business, from a well grounded belief that the magnitude and utility of the work, would insure, if accomplished, a remuneration. And while Virginia is powerfully stimulated with the love of science and virtue, they hope and believe they will view domestic productions, which prove eminently useful, with a generous pride. Those gentlemen who take subscription papers, are requested to return them to the subscriber, in Petersburg, by the first day of May. The maps will be ready for subscribers in the course of the ensuing summer. WILLIAM PRENTIS. Petersburg, February, 1805. Subscriptions received by Ritchie & WORSLEY and others with whom subscription papers are lodged.
BURR MILL STONES, of all sizes; and  PLAISTER OF PARIS, of an excellent quality, FOR SALE, AS USUAL, BY WILLIAM DAVIDSON, near the Market. [eptf.] Dec. 4.
SPANISH HIDES. FOR SALE, a large quantity of Prime Spanish Hides, on moderate terms. Apply to the subscriber opposite the Post-Office, Richmond. MICAJAH DAVIS. 2d Mo. 19th. tf
FOR RENT: THE Large White House at Rockets, formerly occupied by Mr. William Fenwick, and afterwards by Mr. Braxton Craddock. For terms, apply to GALLEGO, RICHARD & CO. January 11. (tf)
FOR SALE, By the Subscribers, at their PAINT & OIL MANUFACTORY, Water-Street, N. York:  WHITE LEAD, Yellow Ocre, Venetian Red, Spanish Brown, Black & Lead Colour for painting roofs, Blue and Green in pots of 1, 2 & 3 lbs. each, Vermilion, Prussian Blue, Patent Yellow, Red Lead, Litharge, Sugar of Lead, White Vitriol, Ivory Black. Ground in Oil and in Vials, &c. — A L S O — 1200 gallons Dutch Linseed Oil, Spirits of turpentine, Copal and Turpentine, Varnish and Window Glass, of all sizes. Orders for any of the above articles, left with Messrs. Prosser & Moncure, Richmond, will be attended to immediately, by JOHN RORKE & CO. Norfolk, March 1, 1805. (eptf)
NOTICE. THE subscribers having put an end to their retail business, request the debtors to this firm to come forward, without loss of time, to have their accounts adjusted, and to pay what may be due. As great indulgence has been already given, further cannot reasonably be expected. George McCrede will attend at this place, for the purpose of settling the accounts, and receiving payments. Those who do not pay, or give satisfactory assurance of paying soon, must blame themselves if suits are instituted against them. LEYRE & MCCREDE. Manchest. Feb. 5. (ep840.)
LAND FOR SALE. A TRACT of about 850 acres, lying on James River, adjoining the town of Lynchburg; one hundred and forty of which is low ground, and said to be of the first quality; a considerable proportion of the high ground lies well, and well adapted to the culture of tobacco and grain. It has an excellent road and rock fishery on it; a small apple orchard, a good dwelling house and convenient out-houses; a mill seat, supposed to be superior to any in that part of the country—the mill house would let within thirty-six poles of the river, on navigable water. Likely negroes would be received in part pay, and a generous price allowed for one or two blacksmiths that are under 36 years of age, and good workmen. For further particulars, apply to the subscriber on the premises, or Mr. William Brown, merchant, in Lynchburg. LEWIS JONES. March 1. (eptf)
LANDS, LOTS & CANAL SHARES, FOR SALE. On Monday, the twenty-fifth day of March next, Will be exposed to Public Sale at the Eagle Tavern, in the City of Richmond, in order to close the Mercantile concern of Buchanan, Dunlop, & Co. the following TRACTS of LAND, &c. &c. A CERTAIN TRACT OF LAND, situated in the county of Campbell, on the branches of Cab Creek and Falling River, containing 2500 acres, bounded by the lands of Hughes and M' Reynolds. ALSO, ANOTHER TRACT OF LAND, in the same county, on the waters of Beaver and Poplar Creeks, containing four hundred and fifty acres, by a late accurate survey, and including part of what is called Cooper's mountain. ALSO, ANOTHER TRACT OF LAND, in the said county, on the branches of Poplar, Rockfish and Flat Creeks, containing 850 acres, and bounded by Stevenson's, Cantler's and Martin's lands. ALSO, ANOTHER TRACT OF LAND, in said county, containing 870 acres, on the head branches of the south fork of Falling River, and upon the north east side of Long mountain, and bounded by O'Byrne's, Farley's and Still's lands. ALSO, ANOTHER TRACT OF LAND, in said county, containing 90 acres, on the head branches of the south fork of Falling River, on both sides of the main road, and bounded by the Long mountain and Richard Still's land. ALSO, ANOTHER TRACT OF LAND, situated on the western branches of Buffalo Creek, in the county of Campbell, containing 350 acres, and commonly known by the name of Turner's place. ALSO, A TRACT OF LAND, situated in Patrick county, North-Carolina, containing 99 3/4 acres, sold under an execution against Duncan Roff, Jr. and purchased at the marshal's sale at Raleigh, North-Carolina, as per deed to John Tompkins, made by the marshal, recorded in Patrick county court. ALSO, A TRACT OF LAND, in Patrick county, Virginia, on the head waters of South Mayo river, containing 1020 acres, more or less, as per deed from John Lynch to Buchanan, Dunlop & Co. recorded in the county court of Patrick, at February Court, 1800. A considerable part of this tract is rich low grounds. ALSO, LOTS No. 4 & 5, each half acres, situated on the main street, in the town of New-London, on which are a store and dwelling house. ALSO, LOTS No. 45 & 46 in said town, containing 5 acres, adjoining the above half-acre lots, whereon are a barn and other out-houses now standing. ALSO, LOT No. 41 situated in said town, containing eleven acres, & No. 42 & 43, containing each eight acres. ALSO, A TRACT OF LAND adjoining the above lots, containing 300 acres, which Lord Thomas Reid purchased of Paulina Grump, as will appear by the deed of indenture, recorded in the district court of New-London. At the same time and place and upon the same terms, will be Sold, ANOTHER TRACT OF LAND in Campbell county, containing 400 acres. At the same time and place will be sold, FIVE SHARES IN THE UPPER APPOMATTOX CANAL COMPANY.—A further description of the lands and lots is deemed unnecessary, as those inclined to purchase, will of course seek them.—Mr. Thomas Reid will show the lands in Campbell county and lots in New-London—Mr. Duncan Roff, Jr. the lands in Patrick county, and Mr. Samuel Staples that in Patrick county, and the deeds may be seen on application to Messrs. Prosser and Moncure of Richmond.—On the lands and lots a credit of 18 months will be given, and on the Canal Shares, a credit of 12 months—the purchaser giving bond with approved security, to carry interest from the date, if not punctiliously paid. DAVID BUCHANAN, By ROBERT POLLOK, his Attorney. JOHN DUNLOP, Attorney for JAMES DUNLOP. ROBERT POLLOK. February 8. tdf.
NOTICE. ALL persons indebted to the late firm of BUCHANAN, DUNLOP & CO.