The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-08-29 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM...payable in advance.
NUMBER 33.]
WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 29, 1804.
[VOLUME I.]
CONDITIONS.
 I. The ENQUIRER will appear twice a week...During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment FIVE DOLLARS per annum, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
FOR GLASGOW,
The British Ship JEANNE , JOHN COWAN, master; now at City Point; will be ready to receive Tobacco in a few days, and having part of her cargo engaged, will sail by the first proximo. For terms, apply to the captain on board or Robert & Allan Pollok, & Co. Richmond, or to BUCHANAN & POLLOK.  Who offer for sale on board ship, TEN THOUSAND BUSHELS LIVERPOOL STOVED SALT.  Petersburg, August 6. tSep
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND,
with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot. A—the length of the Boot. C—round the heel and instep. B—the pitch of ditto. D—round the ball of the foot. E—across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and mark the point at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures.  June 30. ep6m
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 5th Circuit, Virginia District, May 30, 1804.
That and John H. Harkness, surviving partners of Harkness and Lloyd, Plaintiffs: vs. John Buchanan, Archibald Brice, Robert West and Elizabeth Carter his wife, Mary Thornton and Priscilla his wife, Henry Perrin and Anna his wife, Samuel Anderson and Fanny his wife, John M'Kean, Willis M'Kean, and Alexander M'Kean, children and devisees of John M'Kean, deceased, and James Watt, executor of Alexander M'Kean, deceased, who was executor of the said John M'Kean, deceased, Defendants.
ROBERT WEST is appointed guardian to Alexander M'Kean, an infant defendant in this suit; and the cause coming on by consent of the parties to be heard on the bill and amended bill, the answers of the defendants, repli-cations, the will of John M'Kean, as found, and the proceedings in a suit at law in this court brought by the complainants against the defendant Watt as executor, in which judgment was obtained at the December session 1801: WHEREUPON, it is DECREED AND ORDERED, That Edmund Randolph, William Mitchell, Robert Pollard and Edward W. Rootes, or any two or more of them, do expose to sale at public auction, together or separately, the lot and tenement in the proceedings mentioned, now in the occupation of William M'Kean; and the small tenements and ground thereunto belonging, which adjoin the tenement conveyed in trust to the defendants Buchanan and Brice—after the time and place of sale shall have been advertised four weeks in one or more of the Richmond newspapers;—the terms of sale to be one third in cash, and the remaining two-thirds, payable in installments with legal interest from the day of sale, the first installment to be paid two weeks, and the second in two years from the day of sale; the purchasers to give bonds for the said two installments, and in default of payment to be again sold by the said commissioners, or any two of them, for ready money, for the payment of the balances that may be due from the respective purchasers: AND it is FURTHER ORDERED, That the said commissioners who may act do from the proceeds of the sale hereby first directed, pay due the complainants, their agents or attorneys, three thousand one hundred and twenty-five dollars, thirty-three cents, with interest on two thousand two hundred and twenty-five dollars, fifty cents, part thereof, at five per cent. from the fiftieth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and one, the balance appearing to be due the complainants by a statement among the exhibits, and the costs of this suit; and the surplus, if any, after deducting the charges of the sale, to be brought into court, subject to such order as may hereafter be made concerning the same, the monies first raised by the sale to be applied to the satisfaction of the debt due the complainants: AND it is FURTHER ORDERED, That each of the commissioners in may all convey to the purchasers in conformity to the terms of this decree, and that they make report of their proceedings to the court.  A Copy—Tyle, JAMES BLAGROVE, n.c.
Richmond, August 13th, 1804.  IN pursuance of the foregoing decree, we shall expose to sale at public auction, the Lot, Tenements, Ground & Property therein mentioned, on the 19th day of the next month, on the premises, in the city of Richmond.  ep8w  EDMUND RANDOLPH. WILLIAM MITCHELL. ROBERT POLLARD. EDMUND W. ROOTES.
SPRING GOODS.
WILLIAM TEMPLE, Has just received, by the ship Rebecca from London and York from Liverpool, AN ASSORTMENT OF GOODS Suitable to the season, which he will dispose of on the usual terms.  Richmond, May 3th. tf (1)
NOTES OF LADING, SHERIFF'S BLANKS, BLANK BONDS, &c. &c. FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
FOR SALE, THAT beautiful and well improved TENEMENT on the Hill, now occupied by Mr. Benjamin Molby. This property lies near the Capitol, in a healthy and agreeable neighbourhood. Terms of sale will be made known by applying to  July 18. BARTLETT STILL. [ew14]
VIRGINIA, TO WIT:
AT A CHANCERY DISTRICT COURT HELD AT THE FORMER CAPITOL, IN THE CITY OF WILLIAMSBURG, the 12th day of July, 1804.  Gavin Lawton, Joseph Delaney and Sally his wife, and Zachariah Delaney, Plaintiffs. vs. Elisha Carter and Elizabeth his wife, late Elizabeth Lunsford, widow of Lewis Lunsford deceased, Harriet Lunsford, Hiram Lunsford, Maria Lunsford and Darius W. Lunsford, children and co-heirs of the said Lunsford, Defendants.
IT appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that first notice of the order in this cause, on the first day of July one thousand eight hundred and three, in the words following: "The defendants upon whom an attachment for their contempt in not answering the bill of the plaintiffs, have been returned executed, still failing to answer the same, the Court, on the motion of the plaintiffs, by their counsel, doth take their bill for confessed, and will proceed at a future day, to decree the matter thereof, unless the said defendants on or before the tenth day of the term next after they shall have been served with a copy of this order, show cause to the contrary." The defendants have removed themselves out of this Commonwealth, so that they cannot be served with a copy of the said order, on motion of the plaintiffs, by their counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendants do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiffs, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former Capitol in this City.  A Copy, ANTHONY ROBINSON, C.C.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT a Petition will be presented to the General Assembly, at their next Session, for the sale of the Glebe in St. Mary's Parish in Caroline; & the investiture of the interest of the Money, thereby raised, in the present Incumbent, so long as he may continue to act as such in the said Parish.  CAROLINE, August 14, 1804. [ew3m.]
DOCTOR WILSON, HAS taken (as a temporary residence) the house lately occupied by Doctor Adams, opposite the Bell Tavern, and intends to combine the APOTHECARY'S BUSINESS with the PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. He is now opening a part, and expects to receive by the next arrivals from Philadelphia, the balance of a fresh and very general supply of MEDICINES, and other articles in the Apothecary's Line, which will be sold on the lowest terms. Orders from the country, Recipes, &c. will be carefully attended to.  June 27. [ew6m]
VIRGINIA: AT A SUPERIOR COURT OF CHANCERY, HELD IN RICHMOND, MARCH THE 26th, 1804.  Between JOHN SOMERVILL, And LUCAS SULLIVAN and WILLI- AM BASKERVILLE, Defendants.
THE defendant, Lucas Sullivan, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country: on the motion of the plaintiff, by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of next September term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the Capitol, in the said City.  A Copy—Tyle, P. TINSLEY, C.C. July 25. ew2m
THE SUBSCRIBER, HAVING taken his son Dr. Austin Brockenbrough into partnership, gives notice that his books will be closed on the 10th September, and new ones opened under the firm of John Brockenbrough & Son. Imperious circumstances compel him to urge immediate payment from all those indebted for medical services; and he trusts that those who are indebted on open accounts, and who cannot make immediate payment, will come forward and give their notes for their respective balances. He hopes that proper attention will be paid to this notice, as the situation of his affairs will not admit of longer indulgence.  JOHN BROCKENBROUGH. Tappahannock, August 17th, '04.
AUSTIN BROCKENBROUGH. Having imported a general assortment of FRESH MEDICINES, will sell a part of them for the use of private families on very reasonable terms for ready money.  ew2w
THE SUBSCRIBER WANTS to hire two NEGRO FELLOWS by the year, or month, to be employed in the manufacture of Tobacco, for which he will give good wages. He also wishes to employ a man who is well acquainted with the manufacture of Chewing Tobacco, who can come well recommended for his industry, &c.  DANL. TRIPLETT. August 22. ew3w
LOW FOR CASH, OR ON SHORT CREDIT, Direct from Pennington's Manufactory, Philadelphia:
LOAF SUGAR, OF an excellent quality, either by the hog-head, barrel, or single loaf. The supply will be regular and large.  ALSO—BAR IRON, by the ton or single bar: IRON CASTINGS of various kinds, by the ton or single piece, among which are a few tons of 50 and 60 lbs. weights.  MICAJAH DAVIS. 4th of 7th mo. 1804. [ew6m]
FOR SALE, A TRACT OF LAND,
IN Powhatan county, on Appomattox River where it is navigable, known by the name of M'Gaul's Quarter, containing 420 acres: this land lies about four miles from the Court House, and is well adapted to the culture of Tobacco, small grain and corn. Samuel Woodson, who lives near the land, will show it to any person who may wish to purchase. If it is not sold before the 1st of September next, I shall sell it up to that day to the highest bidder, at Woodson's Tavern, near the premises.  JOHN F. PRICE. Richmond, May 30, 1804. [vaua&Girou.]
DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.
BY agreement, the partnership of SHANKS & MRAE will cease on the last day of August. Those to whom the firm stands indebted will please exhibit their accounts, that arrangements may be made for their discharge. The debtors of the firm are desired to make immediate payment, as delinquents will be indiscriminately sued. Those concerned will make application to COLIN MRAE.  SHANKS & MRAE. Manchester, August 15, 1804.
THE SUBSCRIBER EXPECTS this fall a very general assortment of GOODS, and intends to continue business in the house now occupied by Shanks & Mrae. All those who have been heretofore punctual, are solicited to continue their dealings.  COLIN MRAE. August 15. ep3w
SCOTTVILLE JOCKEY CLUB.
ON the second Thursday in September, will be run for, over the Scottville course, the Jockey Club Purse of £. 100—three mile heats. The day after, the Purse of the Proprietor of the Course, of £. 50—two mile heats.  Weights as follows:   Aged Horses, 133 lbs. Mares & Geldings allowed 5 lbs.  Six Years Old, 128  Five Years do. 117  Four Years do. 106  Three Years do. 90   WM. ARCHER, Secretary. August 11. ep5w—27
LIFE OF WASHINGTON.
THE FIRST VOLUME is ready for Subscribers at the Book Store of Wm. FRICHARD. Richmond, August 18, 1804. ep1.
We have obtained a small additional supply of MADEIRA WINE, Of a superior quality, which we offer for sale by the hoghead and quarter-cask.  GIBSON & JEFFERSON. July 18. ep1f.
NOTICE. THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfulfilled business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those whose lands have been sold in the District of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs.  As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next.  The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent. per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me.  JOSEPH SCOTT. July 7. Marshall V.D. ep—tf.
A WET NURSE. WANTED to hire or purchase, a Wet Nurse without a child of her own. Enquire of the Printers. August 8.—tf
CASH SALE OF LAND IN ALBEMARLE.
On September 15th, WILL BE SOLD, in Charlottesville, to the highest bidder, for Cash, THE TRACT OF LAND lying on the east side of Rivanna, over against Charlottesville, containing about 600 acres, with a new commodious DWELLING HOUSE. Two years of a lease under good restrictions have to run after this. The land is all of the South-West Mountain quality; and though much injured in parts, is in general full very good, and all reclaimable. The sale proceeds from a deed of trust to indemnify against loss as security and bail, which was executed in December, 1802, by William Bache, of Pennsylvania, to  THOMAS M. RANDOLPH. July 25. ep15Sep
FAIRFIELD RACES.
ON Monday the 1st of October next, will be run for over the FAIRFIELD COURSE, a Sweep-stake for Colts three years old, two mile heats. Seven Colts are entered at two hundred dollars each, and the subscription closed. Weights, agreeably to the rules of the Jockey Club.  On Tuesday, the 2nd of October, the Jockey Club Purse of 400 Dollars, will be run for, four Mile Heats.  The following day, the Purse of the proprietor of the Course, three Mile Heats.
WEIGHTS AS FOLLOWS.   Aged Horses 133 lbs.  6 years old 128  5 years old 118  4 years old 106  3 years old 90.   Mares and Geldings allowed three pounds. Richmond, August 18, 1804.
NOTICE.
BY virtue of a Deed of Trust executed to us by John Woodson of Hanover county, for the benefit of Gibbs Terrell, Esq. of the Rev. William Douglass, &c. WILL BE EXPOSED TO SALE.  To the highest bidder, for ready money at Col. Goadby's, Tavern, in the County of Hanover, on Saturday 15th day of September next, the
TRACT OF LAND.
Whereon the said Woodson now resides, in the upper end of Hanover County, or so much thereof as shall be necessary to satisfy the balance due the said Executor, as also the costs attending the trust, by  DAVID BULLOCK, and FREDERICK HARRIS, } TRUSTEES. July 31, 1804. (ep 3 Sept.)
TUNSTALL'S PATENT THRESHING MACHINE.
THE advantages to be gained by farmers, by applying some effectual parts to Threshing Machines, which have greater velocity, adequate strength, and greater cheapness than hitherto, and applicable to any machinery, are universally allowed to be very great. WILLIAM TUNSTALL has obtained a Patent for such improvements; and wishes to benefit the public on the most reasonable terms. Districts and individuals may be now accommodated with Machines and patent rights, by applying in person or by letter (post paid) to the petitioner, William Tunstall, at the Swan Tavern, Richmond.  N. B. A Mill Wright and Iron Worker for the respective parts, are wanted—apply as above.  These Machines will hill Clover and thresh Rice, Buck Wheat &c. preferred free from grit.—Counterfeits will be dealt with as the law directs.  July 18. ew—tf
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY COURT.
BALL vs. JETT's heirs & representatives. } In Chancery.  BY virtue of a Decree of the Court in this suit, WILL BE SOLD, on the 1st of October next, if fair, if not, the next fair day, at the late dwelling house of Mrs. Elizabeth Jett, dec. to the highest bidder, for ready money, the three following TRACTS or PARCELS of LAND, (or so much thereof as may be sufficient to raise the sum of two thousand dollars with interest and costs of suit)—to wit, a tract devised to Capt. William Ball by his father, containing by estimation 276 acres, be the same more or less; out of this tract will be excepted an old Mill, with the and thereto adjacent and appertaining. The tract on which the said Jett resided at the time of her death, containing 40 acres, more or less. And one other tract formerly part of the estate of Max'n Hayne, dec. containing 20 acres, more or less.
These tracts lie contiguous to each other, and have been used as one farm; they are situate near the Potomac, about two miles below the courthouse on the main road leading to Fairfields Church, and about the same distance from Coan Warehouses.  The quality of this land is not inferior to any in its neighbourhood, and nearly two-thirds of it is well timbered. Its situation affords an abundance of excellent fish, oysters, &c. The dwelling and out houses are suitable for the accommodation of a small family. Mr. Samuel Harding, living near the premises, will show them to any person wishing to purchase.  THOMAS D. DOWNING, } COUNSEL RICHARD EDWARDS, } FOR THE } HIEROME L. OPIE, } PLAINTIFF. } PETER C. RICE. } July 28. ep—5w
Mediterranean Passports.
NOTICE is hereby Given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the 1st day of July next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel, for which application may be made on a compliance with the terms prescribed by law and surrendering the former passport of which she may be possessed, if any, in which latter case no fees will be required for the exchange: and that by an arrangement agreed upon by the Barbary powers with whom we are at peace, either the old or the new form of passport will be sufficient to protect the vessels of the United States, from capture until the 1st of July 1805, after which the old form of passport will be unavailable and the new one alone in use.  Department of State, } 23rd of May, 1804.  The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazette twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices.  June, 2.
PUBLIC NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,
THAT the Common Hall of the City of Richmond, will at their next monthly meeting proceed to recommend to the Court of Hustings for the said City, one fit and proper person to be appointed a CONSTABLE of the said City, in the room of Leighton Wood, who has resigned.  ANDREW STEVENSON, C. C. H. August 25. ep1784p
FOR SALE,
On liberal terms, by the Subscribers, THE HOUSE AND LOT near the River Bank, at present in the occupancy of Mr. John Taylor, and distinguished in the plan of the city by the number 8, the property of the estate of Patrick Wright, dec. which, if not disposed of privately before the first day of September next, will on that day, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon, be held on the premises, for one half cash, and the other half on a credit of 90 days, for an approved endorsed note.—An indisputable title will be made before the money is received.  PROSSER & MONCURE. July 18. ep18
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
LONDON, JUNE 18.  A letter from Jersey, dated the 19th inst. states, that after his Majesty's birth day was celebrated, on the 4th, in the town of Helier, the matches which had been used in firing the guns, were locked up in the magazine, which contained two hundred and nine barrels of gun-powder, charged bombs, caissons, &c. At six in the evening a smoke was observed to issue from the air holes; and it was found that the magazine was on fire. In this dreadful extremity a carpenter, named EDWARD TOUZELL, and a soldier of the 3d regiment, named WILLIAM PONTENEY, who happened to be near the place while others ran away, declared they were ready to die in the attempt to save the magazine: they shook hands, broke open the doors, locks, &c. huzzed for the king, Touzell rushed in, and seized the burning matches by armfuls, and threw them to Ponteney, and Mr. Lys, the signal officer, who were outside. In this manner did Touzell exert himself, though almost suffocated, and his hands scorched, until he removed the greatest part of the fire, and extinguished the rest with water that was given him.
The various rumors which have been afloat for some time past respecting an engagement between the British and French fleets in the Mediterranean, have proved to be entirely without foundation. Capt. Crowdhill, of the brig Evelina, arrived at Boston from Cadiz, states that the report of an engagement off Toulon, had prevailed at Cadiz, but on the 20th June his majesty's ship Gibraltar, had arrived from the Mediterranean, the commander of which declared the Toulon fleet had never ventured to leave their harbor.—[N. Y. Daily Adv.]
The Portuguese ship Felicidade, capt. Silva arrived yesterday morning in 37 days from Lisbon. Left there July 10, at which time, no expectation of a war between Great Britain and Spain were prevailing.—[Phil. pap.]
The report that the Emperor Napoleon intends to institute a national Order at his Coronation, prevails throughout Paris.—Some say, it is to be entirely a Military Order; others, that every Member of the Legion of Honour is to be a Knight of it; others again, that it
will contain certain gradations of Commanders, with the Grand Cross: Commanders, with the Small Cross; Knights of the Grand Cross, and of the Small Cross: the latter are to wear their Order, as the former Knights of St. Louis, in their button-holes. The ribbons are not, as formerly, to be red or blue, but tricoloured. Some pretend that the Empress Josephina will, at the same time, institute an Order for Ladies, called The Order of Friendship and Fidelity, which will be the reward of those females of all ranks, who, during the Revolution, have shown friendship, fidelity, or courage, in defending or attending their persecuted husbands, parents, and relatives.
The current report at Lisbon, when capt. Lee, of the ship Flora failed, was that War would soon take place with England and Spain.
On the 12th instant, his imperial majesty, NAPOLEON, emperor of the French, entered his 36th year. He was born at Calvi, in Corsica, Aug. 15, 1769. He is married, but has no issue. The emperor of the French has four brothers and four sisters living, and all married. His eldest brother, M. Lucien Bonaparte, resides in Rome, his second brother, is his imperial highness prince Joseph, grand elector; his third brother is his imperial highness prince Louis contable of the empire; his fourth brother is M. Jerome Bonaparte, now residing in the United States. His sisters are, Madame Bacchachi, Madame Santa Croce, Madame Murat, and the princess Borghese, (if we mistake not) formerly Madame Le Clerc, and lately married to an Italian prince, nephew to pope Pius VII.
The emperor's mother, and uncle, cardinal Fesch, also reside at Rome. The latter is minister of France to the holy see.
The salary of the Members of the French Legislative Body, is to be augmented to 25,000 livres; something more than 1000l. a year.
A letter from Milan, in one of the last Paris papers, says, "On the 26th inst. a message was sent by the Vice President of our Republic to the State Consulta, containing an invitation to fix the manner in which the exaltation of Napoleon Bonaparte, Chief of the Italian Republic, to the Imperial dignity, can be best and most properly handed down to posterity. This message having been taken into consideration, it was on the 28th decreed by the State Consulta—1st. That a monument shall be erected to the honour of his Majesty Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, and Restorer of the Italian Republic; 2d. That this fortunate event shall, on the 16th of August next, be solemnly celebrated throughout the whole republic."
Our correspondent, in a postscript to his letter says: "I have opened my letter to say, that I have just been informed, from good authority, that a flag of truce is expected from Calais, in a few days; and that great hopes are entertained of our unfortunate countrymen in France being shortly released from their captivity."—Without pretending to any knowledge of the fact, we consider the fond expectation expressed as by no means irrational. So obvious an act of justice, though contrary to the well known nature of the tyrant, policy may induce Bonaparte to perform, from the desire he so evidently manifests of obtaining all possible popularity to his ambitious assumption of the Imperial Dignity.
A plan, says a London print, has been presented to the minister of the French marine department, to raise a corps of swimmers from the children of sailors. They are to be educated at the expense of the public, to learn to swim, to plunge, to climb the side of a ship, and to board. From the age of 15 to 25 they will be obliged to serve their country; 25 or 50 to be on board each man of war, and to receive the double pay of sailors. Their arms are a sword, a dagger, and a boarding axe. Invisi, impetrabile to water, they are to have some combative matter, to be used as occasion requires.—Their number is proposed to be 12,000, distributed and instructed in 24 of the principal sea ports.
BOSTON, August 18.
LATEST FROM EUROPE.
Yesterday we received English papers to the 6th July, and London to the 4th. They are quite barren of political intelligence.
There are no prospects of a Continental coalition. Austria, though she has 300,000 men in readiness to take the field, has declared her determination to maintain her neutral system; and from Russia there was nothing decisive. It was reported, that she was in serious negotiation with both England and France, and that the Emperor had ordered a fleet of 10 sail of the line and 6 frigates, with four months provisions, to be equipped for sea; for what purpose time must unfold.
In France the preparations for invasion were considerably advanced since our last accounts, and still wore the appearance of sober earnestness. The Imperial Constitution met with no obstructions in its execution, and the activity & celebrity of the Emperor, in reviewing troops, was as great as that of the First Consul. The Coronation of Napoleon, it was expected, would not take place until September. Georges, and the other state prisoners had not been executed; and we find no mention made of Moreau.
In England things were tranquil. Mr. Pitt met but little opposition in his late measures. His bill of defence passed the House of Lords by a majority of 85—For it 154—Against it 69. The British King had completely regained his health, and transacted business as formerly. The discussion of the Regency had subsided. The forces of the kingdom were daily increasing. On the 1st of July the naval force in commission, consisted of 104 sail of the line 95 fifty gun ships and 129 frigates, and 309 smaller armed ships. Total 567.
No new rumours of Peace.
Continuation of News, received at Norfolk.
The happy change in his majesty's health, (says the Public Ledger of June 29,) it is supposed, will produce considerable alterations in the proceedings of the government. Parliament will not be prorogued so soon as was expected it would, Mr. Pitt having had time to mature certain projects which he has had in contemplation. Among others, it is said, he will bring forward a grand plan of naval defence, embracing a variety of details, which will occupy the attention of both Houses for some weeks. About the end of next month it is intended, it is said, that the King shall go to Weymouth, where his

physicians hope his usual strength and spirits will be restored by the sea air and bathing.
There was a report current yesterday, that the new Emperor of the French had given liberty to all the English confined in France. This act of magnanimity was considered as an omen of moderation, and made a sensible impression on the public. Omnipotence rose to 4 3/4 for the account.—We do not know the value of the authority upon which the report was circulated.
An address, signed by the French residing at Constantinople, appears in the Moniteur of the 11th inst. It turns upon the late attempt on the life of Bonaparte; but in point of adulation, it does not go so far as some which were manufactured on the same occasion in the more northern latitudes of Europe.
It appears from the last French papers, that Bonaparte has lately made a promotion of Admirals, and that Admiral Ganteaume is appointed to take the command at Brest. Such intelligence as this might appear to justify the supposition, that some serious designs were entertained by the French government, of giving its marine power an opportunity of displaying itself; and that the Brest fleet would venture to put to sea. But though such notices as these may very properly quicken official vigilance, we do not flatter ourselves with the expectation of such an event. Many predominant reasons, we think, operate against such a risque, particularly at the present moment; besides, the whole of Bonaparte's conduct is a system of artifice, and what was said of a celebrated ancient, may be applied to him, "that when he looked towards the east, he was contemplating some object which engaged his mind in the west." The successive vauntings in the French papers, relative to the preparations for invading this country, were never considered by us as prognosticating the near approach of this event; neither did the presence of Bonaparte on the coast induce us to expect, that the invading host would immediately put to sea: nor when we were informed, within these few days, that the French had been seen by our cruisers embarking gun-carriages, &c. on board their vessels at Boulogne, did we feel any disposition to believe, that the tranquility of our shores would be speedily disturbed by the appearance of an invading enemy. But were it to be propagated by the French government that the intended expedition against us was laid aside, we should then expect very shortly to hear it announced, that the French army of invasion had quitted the security of its harbours, and would soon add new glory to the British name.
LONDON, June 25.
We are happy to be able, from authority, to contradict the reports which have been circulated relative to Elhi Bey. It does not appear to be founded on truth that he spoke with disrespect of England, much less that he went over to the French interest in Cairo. The fact is, that he never reached Cairo. He embarked at Rosetta to go up to Cairo, and the following letter, with which we have been favoured, will show that he saved himself by a miracle from inevitable destruction.
Alexandria, 29th February, 1804.
"The fate of Elhi Bey must naturally interest the minds of the inhabitants of London, among whom he resided so long; and the romantic manner in which he effected his escape, may amuse one of their idle hours. A party of Albanians having approached his Jerm, (the large boat, on board of which he had embarked with his valuable property, at Rosetta, to proceed to Cairo,) Elhi began to suspect some sinister design against him. Leaving, therefore, his property, he leaped into a Canga, (a small boat, which still accompanies the Jerm, to carry the passengers on shore,) and ordered that he should be put ashore. Having discovered a camp of Bedouins, at a considerable distance, he determined to seek protection there, nor was he deterred from his purpose, by being told that the Sheikh of that tribe had formerly been deeply injured by him. Confiding in the laws of hospitality, he walked deliberately to the Sheikh's tent, where he was welcomed by his wife. While she was busy preparing some refreshments for her guests, Elhi Bey observed that Osman Bey might favourably punish her husband, for the assistance she now afforded him, the answered, that in the present moment, the only consulted her own honour; that the laws of hospitality are held sacred by the Bedouins, and that her husband's life was in the hands of God. Elhi was extremely impatient to be gone; and he urged the Sheikh's wife to procure him a horse and a guide; his request was immediately complied with, and, as you may easily conceive, his route remains an impenetrable secret. When the Bedouin chief was informed of the conduct of his wife, he said, that had he met Elhi Bey, any where but in his camp, he would, assuredly, have endeavoured to put him to death, but that he would have murdered his wife if she had refused him protection."
DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
ORATIO N.
[A New-Orleans paper of the 7th July, in the French language, has been put into our hands by a respectable friend, to whom we desire to present our acknowledgments. It contains the following elegant Oration, delivered on the 4th, at the celebration of the Anniversary of our Independence. Aspecting the sentiments of the well-informed men amongst our newly acquired fellow-citizens, on a political subject highly interesting, we have lost no time in presenting it to our readers.]
TRANSLATED FOR THE MERCANTILE ADVERTISER.
NEW-ORLEANS, July 6.
The limits of our paper not permitting us to enter into all the particulars of the Oratio N. of the Independence of the United States, we shall content ourselves with saying, that the unanimity with which the inhabitants of this country have concurred in celebrating that day, new to them, is the greatest proof that that independence is not unwelcome to them, and that they are happily born to appreciate its benefits. Two discourses analogous to the circumstance, have been pronounced; one by Mr. Wilkins in English, and the other by Mr. Derbigny in French. Our paper being consecrated to the latter language, we shall give that of Mr. Derbigny , whose simple & pure manner of delivery, supported by a nervous and at the same time harmonious voice, would have added beauties to this interesting production, had it wanted the extrinsic embellishment of that seducing magic.
MY FELLOW CITIZENS,
"This is the solemn moment in which the first assembly of the people of Louisiana to celebrate the Independence of the United States, is written in the annals of the world in indelible characters. Ages will melt away, generations will succeed each other, physical and political revolutions will change the face of our globe, before the remembrance of this memorable day undergoes the smallest alteration. It seems, in part, that the history of nations offers nothing
more astonishing than that chaos of events of which Louisiana has just experienced the commotion; & which a stroke of chance has so happily terminated. It is amidst a whirlwind of intrigues and interests, which clashed with one another; it is at the moment when powerful sovereigns were disputing with each other for our subjugation, that the invisible hand who, in secret, wisely directs the destiny of mortals, has caused our alarms to cease at once, and has conducted us to the bosom of peace and independence.
"But, before contemplating the perspective of happiness which this day opens before us, let us throw a retrograde glance upon the time when the majestic river of which we inhabit the borders, rolled her waters in the silence of deserts; when the enterprising genius of Europeans, our ancestors, caused them to land for the first time, upon the uncultivated and wild coasts of this immense country; and let us consider the interesting contrast which Louisiana presents at the diverse epochs of her existence, and the series of events that brought her to a state of prosperity unexampled. We in the first instance see the unfortunate colonists primitively transplanted from the bosom of Europe into this new soil, to languish, deprived of the most urgent necessaries of life, and to perish victims of the intemperance of the climate, and of all the evils which a bad administration had brought upon them. Turning aside our eyes from a scene so afflictive, we fix them upon a consoling spectacle. A new colony, notwithstanding the disasters which had annihilated the first, is transplanted into this inhospitable land; but the experience of past misfortunes has pointed out the means of preventing them; it arrives prepared to combat the insalubrity of the climate and of the soil, and to overcome all obstacles. In short, Louisiana established itself. The river which waters it, falls under the axe of industry the ancient forests which covered its borders, and the scene of nature changes. The progress of agriculture was at first slow and difficult. It became necessary to build dykes, to keep within bounds the waters of that immense river, and put a stop to its destructive overflows; it became necessary to drain marshes where the sun had never penetrated, at the risk of the pestilential exhalations which these clearances would occasion: it became necessary in some measure to conquer these lands which the elements disputed to men. The activity and perseverance of the inhabitants of Louisiana surmounted all these difficulties; and the richness of the soil rewarded them for their labours and fatigues. In short, this country had already become an interesting colony, when the turbulent genius of policy caused it to be abandoned by France to deliver it to a Foreign power. That memorable event which divided the inhabitants of Louisiana from their ancestors, and made them change masters for the first time, brings to mind recollections too painful for us to dwell upon. Let us, therefore, pass rapidly over these moments of public consternation, and let us rest our eyes upon more happy times.
The effects of that political commotion had proved fatal to agriculture. Time, and the kindness of the new sovereign, restored tranquility, and the colony took a new flight towards prosperity. During upwards of thirty years that have elapsed under the domination of Spain, our country, constantly favoured by the monarch, has increased in population, agriculture and industry, as much as the repressive influence of an absolute government would permit. In fine, as if the fate of Louisiana was to exhibit an example of the instability of human things, the same power which had discarded us from its bosom appeared to have recovered for us its former attachment, and succeeded in negotiating with Spain for the retrocession of our country. Notwithstanding our acknowledgments for the kindness of the prince who had adopted us, we were joyfully returning under the banners of our ancestors, when a new revolution, still more unexpected, more sudden and more striking, again changed our destiny, and made us undergo a double metamorphosis.
"Here, my fellow citizens, let us pause for a moment, to contemplate with due reverence the astonishing progress of events. For a long time the sport of fortune and of policy; submitting alternately to diverse powers, passive spectators of the negotiations by which, in the character of our masters, they would dispose of our country and of ourselves, could we believe that we drew near the end of our servitude? That decisive and unexampled moment has, however, arrived! United henceforward to that fortunate and privileged soil, which flourishes under the protection of a free government, we see open before us a career of happiness of which we cannot perceive the termination.
"That independence which a courageous nation has conquered at the price of her blood, over proud and powerful masters; that independence which the United States have purchased by seven years of war, fatigues and perseverance; that independence to which so many heroes have paid the homage of their lives and of their fortunes; we have just acquired the right of enjoying without its having cost us the smallest effort or the most trifling sacrifice. We are about to partake, without having fought for it, the price of the victories of Bunker's Hill, Trenton, Saratoga, and so many other memorable deeds where the republican intrepidity has caused the haughty head of despotism to bend down; in which the Warrens, the Mercers, and the Montgomerys, have ended their career; where those who have survived them have been covered with wounds of which they still bear the honourable scars; and where the French, from whom we are descended, have lavished their generous blood for the same cause. We, in a word, are going to share in the reward of the glorious toils of the immortal Washington; of that hero whose celebrated name has resounded to the confines of the globe, & whose exploits and virtues will remain eternally the admiration of the human race. To have acquired liberty, my fellow citizens, without having cost us any sacrifice, is not all; we have still the advantage of finding the imposing edifice of the Constitution of the United States completely raised, that edifice which the wisdom of the Americans has built upon an immovable basis. There only remains for us to enter its sanctuary to have written there, in holy characters, these precious, these inestimable rights we have just acquired; but before approaching that awful sanctuary, in which are contained the RIGHTS OF MAN; before coming near the altar of INDEPENDENCE, which the festal incense of flattery or the impure breath of servitude have never stained, let us for a moment recollect and examine ourselves.
An astonishing and unexpected revolution is about to elevate us from the state of subjects to the dignity of citizens. Accumulated till now to bend under the yoke of arbitrary power, leaving the disquiétudes of government to those who exercised its prerogatives, and who alone reaped all the advantages, we would be tossed about at the mercy of the master's will, without taking the unnecessary trouble to think of bettering ourselves, because we had not the power of ameliorating our fate. Now that every thing is about to change; now that we are on the eve of losing that shameful nullity; now that we are going to be entrusted with the care of our own
happiness, are we prepared to undergo glorious transformation? Do we feel within ourselves the germ of that patriotic zeal which ought to glow in the soul of a republican? Do we feel the development in our hearts of those sentiments of political brotherhood which should unite the members of the same body, and produce that harmony so necessary to the felicity of the whole? Louisianians of all classes, my fellow-citizens, my brothers! ah! reflect, that we are all the natural or adopted children of the same country! Reflect that we have one common interest; that the same spirit ought to animate us; and that we should be cemented by the closest union! Reflect that upon this union depends the happiness and prosperity of the great family of which every one makes a part! Reflect, above all, that it is from this union, this accord, this unanimity, that we may accelerate the moment of our political emancipation.
"If there be any among us who, from a habit of dependence, dare not lift up their heads; if there be some who cannot shake off the prejudices and the restraint of their ancient state, let them rid themselves of this disgraceful apathy! Let them be men! Let them be citizens! Formerly we were doomed to bend under the empire of men: now we live under the empire of the laws: now we are regenerated: we are returned to our primitive dignity. Let us, therefore, my fellow citizens, enter the sanctuary of liberty, and let us unfold that respectable character in which are contained the rights we have acquired by becoming members of the Republic of the United States.
"At the light of that monument of human wisdom, in which man reads his destiny written by the hand of reason, and dictated by justice; at the light of those sacred laws under the protection of which repose individual and public security; of that formidable rampart which oppression cannot overleap, a holy respect seizes me, and elevates my soul. I behold myself in the midst of a vast society of men, none of whom have power over my freedom, to crush me with the weight of their superiority, or to humiliate me by contempt. I see mild equality smiling on every side; active industry circulates unopposed; order and peace govern throughout under the eyes of patriotic vigilance. I see no palace of Themis stained by corruption, no infamous avarice selling justice by golden weight. The dignity of man is not degraded by the humiliating necessity of obeying orders often dictated by folly, sometimes by caprice, and rarely by impartiality. The law alone has the right to my submission and to my obedience. By respecting religiously the duties imposed upon every citizen, I am free to follow the dictates of my own will: Whatever my projects may be, my hopes, my enterprises, my labours, I can pursue the end I propose to myself without having to consult the good pleasure, or feed the cupidity of any subaltern tyrant. No impediment, no oppression, no favours, no exclusions, no privileges, no distinctions: equality, justice, harmony, tranquility: Such is, O my fellow citizens! such is the existence of the freeman of the United States; and such, doubtless, will be ours. If inconveniences inseparable from the political crisis which we experience, should occasion a momentary suffering; if behind the horizon, charged with clouds, we see not the Sun of Liberty illumine a serene sky, let us not augur from it unfavourably; let us, on the contrary, hope, from the wisdom and the justice of the legislators of our new country, that they will soon comply with our wishes by incorporating us in the union, and admitting us to the enjoyment of the rights, immunities, and advantages of the citizens of the United States.
"Until the arrival of that happy moment, we shall have for our protector and guide that Philosopher who is the ornament of the age, that Man celebrated equally for his profound knowledge and his civic virtues; who, placed in the rank of Potentates, preserves in that elevated station, the modest simplicity of the citizen, and gives to all an example of true patriotism: he will watch over us as a father, that beneficent man who consecrates his life and his labour to the happiness of his countrymen; and who, when we have occasion to approach him prevents no barrier, no obstacle, no opposition. Accessible to every person, (humiliating contrast to the pride of kings!) he has no other fatality, no other guard, than the affection of his fellow-citizens. May that virtuous Man, to whom we owe the happiness of being restored to our primitive dignity, finish his labour by inspiring us by his example, with an involuntary attachment to the principles of civil liberty, and a holy respect for the laws which ensure to us the enjoyment of it.
The following letters have been transmitted to the President of the Academy of Arts, by our Minister at Paris, by which it appears that the Emperor Bonaparte, Denon, (whose travels in Egypt are well known) and Barbe Marbois, formerly minister from France to this country, have become honorary members of the institution.
TRANSLATION.
Malmaison, 20 Germinal, year 12, (April 10, 1804.)
Mr. EDWARD LIVINGSTON, President of the Academy of Arts of New York.
I have learnt with interest by your letter of the 24th December, 1803, the establishment of the literary Society of New-York; and since it has been agreeable to your Academy that I should be one of its members you will express to it the pleasure with which I accept, and my acknowledgments for the good opinion it entertains of me. I salute you.
BONAPARTE.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Paris, 1 Floreal, year 12 of the French Republic, (April 20, 1804.)
The Minister of the public Treasury, to Mr. Edward Livingston, President of the Academy of Arts of New York.
Sir, I have received your letter, announcing that the Academy of New-York, has given me a place among its honorary members.
I gratefully receive the compliment thus addressed to me, which is rendered more valuable by other considerations which already attach me to your country. The progress of the Arts and Sciences in the United States, is interesting at present to the whole world—and among those who remark the development of your prosperity, no one views it with more satisfaction than myself. Accept, Sir, the assurance of my attachment, and of my distinguished sentiments towards you.
BARBE MARBOIS.
Paris, 21 Germinal, year 12, (April 11 1804.)
Sir, I have just received the letter in which you inform me, that the New-York Academy of Arts has been pleased to add me to the number of its honorary members.
Nothing is so flattering, nothing gives a greater value to existence, than being adopted by a respectable society—by a society whose object it is to select from ancient nations all that can tend to enlighten a country, the infancy of which it has witnessed, and of which it will promote the vigorous maturity.
I beg you, Sir, to express to the Society, how much I value the honor it has conferred on me, and to assure it, that I shall be very happy in an opportunity of evincing my sensibility, my zeal, and my respectful attachment. Accept, Sir, the expression of my high consideration.
DENON.
Extract of a letter dated Nantz, 10th June, 1804.
I now inform you that a new duty of so centuries per ton has been but a few days ago established by government on all foreign vessels entering the river Loire.—Said duty appears to be peculiar to this river, as the act of government does not say that it shall be raised in any other but the Loire.
The case of the ship Minerva of Boston, capt. Job, William Hall, mentioned in my last, was ultimately decided by the minister of marine at Paris. She was ordered out of the port as coming from England, so, no American vessel will in future be admitted to enter in any port of France when coming from Great Britain.
Perhaps it would be advisable that the merchants of the United States do not send their vessels to Falmouth, Cowes or any port of Great Britain for a market, when they have some views on France. In this last case the island of Reye would be the most proper place to touch at to be informed of the state of markets in France.—[Nat. Int.]
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Spain, to his correspondent in this city, Cadiz, June 12th, 1804.
"I have now the pleasure to address you for the last time previous to my departure from Europe.
"If our mutual friend Don Carlos is not now completely ashamed of himself, it must be because he has no shame in him; for the net proceeds of his vaunted favours in modo, viz. the convention has vanished.—Cevallos has refused to ratify it, as he says that "circumstances are so altered by the accession of Louisiana, that he cannot ratify it in its present state," and on the 5th instant he positively declined it, and this will probably be the first account of it, which will reach the United States. If things are to go on in this way I would rather be considered an Algerine than an American.
"I thought it was humiliating enough to have agreed to the Convention with the exclusion of French captures; but I suppose the Spaniards thought they had been too indulgent to a nation on which had so long and completely lost sight of its own dignity and the interests of its citizens—I believe I am the only person in Cadiz acquainted with this circumstance."
[N. T. pap.]
Extract from another Letter.
Madrid, June 20, 1804.
"The Treaty, I am sorry to say, has not been ratified by this government, so that my hopes on that score are at an end.
"If our government does not take some decisive steps, we shall never get a shilling from the Spaniards."
An officer of the Navy who came passenger in the Woodrop Simms, says, that the misunderstanding between this country and Tunis, has been adjusted. All our squadron when he left it, was off Tripoli, except the Commodore, who was at Naples, preparing Gun boats.—It was confidently said that General Moreau was at Barcelona, permitted to retire from France to the United States.—This we do not credit.—Nothing was heard of an engagement between the English and French fleets.—[Public Ldg.]
It was said when Capt. Wills of the Sh-pers left Cadiz; that there was some misunderstanding between the Court of Madrid and our Minister; who, it was said, had delivered an ultimatum, allowing so many days for the court to prepare an answer.—We know only of one cause of dispute, and that is Louisiana. It is not at all improbable that our executive may have remonstrated on the conduct of the Spanish governor and others, before and subsequent to the treaty of cession. How far this report may be credited others are left to judge.
[b.]
Capt Wills, from Cadiz, informs, that the French fleet which we sometime since mentioned to have come out of Toulon in pursuit of the ships of war off there, returned as soon as they perceived the remainder of Lord Nelson's squadron.
All the apprehensions of a war with Tunis had entirely subsided. A frigate under American colours was seen off St. Vincent's but whether actually American or English was not ascertained.—[Nor. Her.]
BALTIMORE, August 20.
The following has been handed us for publication, by captain Nathaniel Williams, of the brig Sally, arrived at this port.
TO CAPTAIN WILLIAMS.
Sir, In case you are boarded by any British man of war, you will have the complaisance to deliver over these four men to their service. My ship the Little Cornelia, of New-York, was boarded, August 6th, by His Majesty's ship of war Leander, within five miles of Sandy Hook, who manned me and ordered me for Halifax. Having been at sea 70 days (from Rochefort) and not knowing whether we were at peace or war, I deemed it advisable to retake my ship. If you should meet with no British cruiser, you will please deliver the men to the English consul at Baltimore.
I remain, Sir, yours, &c. CALEB HARRISON.
Just as I came up with the above vessel, the Englishmen were on the point of making an effort to regain possession of the ship, which my appearance prevented. I sent my boat on board, and brought off four of the Englishmen, whom I have since delivered to the British consul in Baltimore.
Off the Capes six leagues, saw a wreck, her mast heads just out of water, which appeared to be a Schooner, but it blowing fresh, could not go near her.
NATHANIEL WILLIAMS, Master of the Brig Sally, of Boston.
ALBANY, August 17.
On Tuesday last, writs of enquiry of damages were executed in the causes of Ambrose Spencer against Matthias Ward and Stephen Gould, and likewise in the causes of Thomas Tillotson, against the same persons. In the two former the damages were assessed at five hundred dollars in each suit, and in the two latter at three hundred dollars in each.
The defendants in these causes were professed as the publishers of the celebrated pamphlet of ARISTIDES, for the most gross and defamatory libels which ever disgraced the American press. The writer has hitherto concealed himself, and whether by the issue of these suits he
will be drawn from behind the curtain, is problematical. We presume the publishers are indemnified, as we understand, that previous to the commencement of the prosecutions, the name of the author was demanded and refused.
The defendants having suffered judgment by default, is conclusive evidence that they could not support their infamous slander by the least shadow of proof.
The jury who assessed the damages are entitled to credit for having evinced an honest detection of injuries which if suffered with impunity, would speedily tear up the foundations of civilized life—and produce a state of anarchy the most wild and barbarous. May their example be imitated by all who may hereafter be called upon to judge in similar cases, without regard to party distinctions; and may it shortly become the common sentiment of our countrymen, that to preserve the freedom of the press unimpaired, its licentiousness must be restrained by the energy of constitutional law.—[Albany Gaz.]
INSURGENCY.
From the Lyons Gazette, Aug. 16.
Our accounts from Tioga are of a very alarming nature. It appears that assassins and incendiaries are determined to go on, in opposition to the laws and authority of the State. Threats have been publicly made by a person or persons residing in that country, that they will have a fresh hide (meaning the skin of a Pennsylvanian, or persons leaving from the Pennsylvanians) in the course of a few days—they also declare that they will take the Governor's life before the first of October, &c. When such are the threats of those men, what are the poor settlers who oppose their proceedings to expect—plunder and massacre.—Justice and mercy cry aloud for the interference of government, and unless the measures of the Executive are prompt and energetic, those villains will be suffered to remain in quiet possession of property to which, they have no just claim whatever.
New-York, August 20.
The American Consul informed Capt. Conklin, of the ship Olive, arrived last night from St. Peterburgh, that the Emperor of Russia was particularly friendly to the Americans, and that the Emperor had interceded with the Tripolitans for the restoration of the frigate Philadelphia, now in captivity.
The ship Little Cornelia, Harrison, from Bordeaux, which was captured on the 6th inst. by the Leander, off Sandy Hook, and ordered for Halifax, has, we understand, been re-captured by capt. Harrison, and arrived at New-London on Tuesday evening last. Her cargo is brandy, and, as well as the ship, belongs to John Juhel, of this city. We have not heard the particulars attending the enterprise, but we believe that capt. Harrison had not more than three seamen left in the vessel when she was sent off by the British.
[N. T. pap.]
Captain Weston, arrived at New-York, from St. Bartholomew on the 11th ult. ran through a fleet of 7 ships, spoke one of them and was informed they were from Jamaica, bound to France, and had on board the French St. Domingo army, which capitulated at St. Domingo.
To the Editor of the Morning Chronicle.
On the 18th inst. about one and a half leagues from Shrewsbury inlet, was boarded by a lieutenant of a British frigate cruising off Sandy Hook, her name the boarding officer would not inform me, (but have since been informed is the Leander) and after showing him the manifest of the cargo, lift of Seamen, Consul's certificate, register, Mediterranean pass and sea-letter; the said lieutenant demanded my invoices and bills of Lading, to which I replied they were inclosed in a letter under a seal to my owners, American merchants at Providence Rhode-Island, and if he insisted upon seeing them he must break open the letter himself, for I should not, that it would be an unjustifiable act in either him or myself to do it, on which he the said lieutenant without any further ceremony opened the letter, and after overhauling the same, observed to him, it was hard for any foreign power to treat our American ships in this manner and within the limits of our own ports, his answer was, that our government allowed of it, and why should I find fault he left the ship and said you may go on your course; I had been before boarded by three British men of war on my voyage, and treated politely and permitted to proceed after a very short detention.
JOHN WARNER.
Master American ship Nancy of Providence, arrived at New-York, 18th inst. New-York, August 20, 1804.
A New-York paper suggests, as a measure demanded by the public wrongs inflicted on our commerce and character by the British frigates on our coast, that a meeting of the merchants of that city be held, for the purpose of representing to Mr. Merry, British minister, the flagrant and unjust acts of the Leander and Cambrian frigates, and requesting that they may be ordered to quit the station. In a similar instance, some years ago, this measure had the effect desired.
FROM THE NEW-YORK GAZETTE.
New-York, 20th August, 1804.
Messrs. LANG & Co. Gentlemen—Enclosed are copies of two letters received by me on Saturday last, from the commander of his Britannic Majesty's ship Leander: You will do me the favor of giving them a place in your paper tomorrow.
I am your very obedt. servt. THOMAS BARCLAY.
(COPY.)
Leander, Wednesday, 15th August, 1804.
MY DEAR SIR, The enclosed letter relates to the circumstance of the Revenue Cutter, of which I have no doubt you have heard; and I have no objection to my name being published with the explanation, since it is certainly the reverse of our wishes to give any just foundation for complaint. Men of sense ought to consider our situation, and the nature of our duty coolly, before they complain violently.
I am, my Dear Sir, &c. &c. (Signed) ALEXANDER SKENE. Col. BARCLAY.
H. M. S. Leander, August 14th, 1804.
Sir—It was reported to me that a French privateer was passing near his Majesty's ship, and on examination, the vessel did appear to carry a large French pendant, without an ensign. The boars were immediately armed, and a gun fired to bring this vessel to—She hoisted American colours: we fired no more; and the boats were immediately recalled. This little incident, I am grieved to find, has been construed into premeditated insult to the American national flag; than which, nothing can be further from my intention, or more directly contrary to the sentiments of the British government, and the particular orders of the Admiral under whom I have the honor to serve.
I beg, Sir, that you will not suffer such misrepresentations to gain ground, without contradiction and explanation. It is cruel and unjust, to put the very worst construction on every act of the British officers and the British nation, who must, in the end be found the natural and firmest friends of America.
I am, Sir, Your very obedt. and humble servt. (Signed) ALEX. SKENE. To Col. Barclay, British Consul-general, &c.

The following is an extract of a letter from Capt. Sisson, late master of the ship Hopewell of New-York, dated Point-Pierre, July 26th.
"No doubt ere this, you have heard of the capture of the ship Hopewell, and brig Rockland, owing to S. W. and S. S. W. winds was obliged to go to the eastward of Bermuda. On the 20th June, in lat. 27, 25, long. 61, 57, at 8 A. M. I saw a brig which appeared to be dogging us, and at day light the bore down upon us, hoisted an English ensign, and fired a shot to leeward. We were then under all sail we could set, but finding the ship was very fast, we hoisted American colours, fired a gun to leeward, and shortened sail. I hailed the Rockland, and desired Capt. Atkins to keep on our lee bow and near us, as I wished to speak the privateer first, and knew what the war before we attempted anything:—she was then on our weather quarter. The Rockland not keeping in her station dropping more to leeward and nearly on our lee quarter, the privateer was then almost within hail of us—but immediately up helm and run along side the Rockland, and commenced firing under English colours—which was returned from the brig. The privateer being between us and the brig, prevented my firing until I got in a situation to fire clear of the Rockland, which was in less than a moment; when we commenced firing to the best advantage we could. The Rockland fired only one broadside, and none struck, when she was boarded; they only left three men on board—sheered off and gave us a broadside, and attempted to board us—but was repulsed by our quarter guns, pikes and musketry. They then kept clear of our pikes, and played continually with all their men with nothing but musketry. Our men seeing their ship-mates falling, most of the landmen quit their quarters; the privateer seeing this, attempted the second time to board us, by cutting our nettings and overpowering us by numbers, was obliged to haul down our colours, and quit the deck, otherwise we cut in pieces. We had three killed, four badly wounded, and two slightly wounded; the first who fell was poor Mr. Bird, he was standing near me; he received one ball through his body, and another through his head, and never after spoke a word."
"After the Rockland was boarded, we engaged the privateer close on board for forty minutes. When the black general [a passenger] found we were captured, he ran below with a pistol, with an intention to blow the ship up; and with much difficulty we prevented it. He set all the cartridges on fire in the cabin and storage, which was in pouch tubs, and only my laying the magazine scuttle over saved the ship and our lives. When he found he could not blow the ship up, he put the pistol to his head, and blew his own brains out."
"The privateer took out all the passengers, officers and men, except myself, carpenter, two boys and one of our men badly wounded. The privateer continued with us until we arrived in this port, which was on the 17th July, and was immediately put all together in a most miserable prison, with nothing to eat but stinking beef and coarse bread, and very short even of that."
"They will not suffer me to see any American, nor have any communication with any body. There is a Schooner called the Snake-in-the-Grass, bought in New-York, and fitted out at Salem with five guns, taken and brought here a few days before me; one of the mates is allowed to go out at a time, and this was the only opportunity I had to write. They say that orders have gone to America, that every vessel bound to St. Domingo, if taken, shall be treated as pirates. God only knows what they mean to do with us. I beg you will do all in your power to get our government to claim us, otherwise I don't know what they mean to do—they seem to be in earnest against the Americans, and even told me every ship and captain's names that were armed from New-York."
"Captain Atkins had his mate and one man killed, and several wounded, and died at this place on the 22nd instant."
"The Schooner Snake-in-the-Grass was commanded by James Mansfield, who is also in prison with all his men, the vessel will be condemned, although they did not fire a shot."
"As no proof can be made here, I thought it best to let the officers sign this letter with us. Several large privateers are getting ready to go down in the Bight after the Americans. The privateer that took us was the brig Ferret, captain Antwan, with ten long French sixes, two twelve pound carronades, one long eighteen pounder, and one hundred and fifty men. The French seem to be very in earnest against the Americans, and insult us as they pass the prison; all that I can say more is to request you to do what you can with our government, to claim us as Americans, I think when the manner in which the French privateer engaged us under English colours, will be a sufficient reason for them to claim us—and further, that your ship and property was defended with spirit until overpowered by numbers."
[The immense trade of the United States to India, renders every article of intelligence, connected with the trade or navigation of that quarter of the world of the highest interest to our readers.]—Bost. Gaz.
FROM THE ASIATIC MIRROR.
NAUTICAL INFORMATION.
COMMUNICATED BY CAPT. D'INVERNESS, OF THE SHIP INDIA.
The passage to the Eastward of the Island of Madagascar to Bombay from Europe, in the S. W. monsoon, having become pretty general of late years: It is therefore necessary that ships having passed Cape Agulhas, should be very cautious in crossing the latitudes of the many islands that are in those seas, particularly in the night time, in consequence of those longitudes being very indistinctly ascertained. In my passage from the N. W. Coast of Madagascar to the Seychelles, made the island called by Mr. W. Heather, Alphonse, and laying by his chart, in latitude 7d. 5m. South, and longitude from Greenwich 54d. 16m. East. Its true situation is in latitude 7d. 3m. 30s. South, and longitude from Greenwich 55d. 30m. East, as ascertained by sights on both sides of the moon, and corresponding with our land fall (the island of Seychelles) two days, afterwards. This error of 116 miles in calling almost induced me to suppose a new discovery, but it agreeing so nearly with Mr. Heather's situation in latitude that it certainly must be the same. Due south from the island of Alphonse, lies a sand bank even with the waters edge, distant from the island 3 or 4 leagues, with an extensive reef of breakers running out from the sand in a N. E. and S. W. direction, this sand makes the navigation here the more dangerous, as there are no soundings within a mile of it. The Easternmost of the Amirante Islands are also very erroneously laid down, as I passed over their situation down by the before mentioned chart and saw no land, in a very clear day from the mast head, I therefore should suppose that their situation are also too much Eastward; with regard to the N. W. coast of Madagascar, it has been hitherto so little known, that one would suppose an European ship had never been on it. I surveyed a track of coast from Table Cape to Cape St. Sebastian about 300 miles, and found some of the best Bays in the world, supplied with every article of refreshment that a fleet of ships could stand in need of, also apparently, spars fit for masts and yards of any dimensions, inhabited by an inoffensive race of men, who are very shy of strangers until acquainted with their business. If ever the English government should have a settlement on this island of consequence, I should certainly recommend Bembatook bay (or Bembatook by the natives) as one of the most commodious, healthy, and easy of access, being near the capital of the country, (the king of which is cordial to strangers) and supplied as with as fine beef as any in the world, at the moderate price of one to two Spanish dollars each. The merchant will also find this a most excellent situation for trade, the country supplying many articles as well as a ready sale for East India Goods; say new Holland, where a large supply of live cattle may be sent, if wanted, in a very short time; these objects in a political point of view, ought not to be overlooked. The French purchase in this part of the country their slaves, and cattle, which are drove across the island to Port Dauphin, by the Seckelaves, or natives in the Fort Dauphin district, who bring dollars for that purpose, the French putting implicit confidence
in those men, who seldom betray their trust. At Bembatook, beef may be salted equally as well as at Port Dauphin, where the French salt their provisions for their Europe ships as well as their Colonial consumption. There is no pork to be had here, except the wild Hog, which is in great plenty; rice may be had in any quantity, at two Gamels the dollar, the Gamel weighing 38lb. English. It is necessary to speak in time to the natives, as the grain here is generally purchased in paddy and beat out as they consume it. The general chart of the N. W. coast of Madagascar, as well as the particular ones of all the Bays on this coast, I have sent to Mr. Dalrymple, also a chart of Mozambique harbour, and one of Inhambane bay much wanted, there being nothing of this sort before the public.
From Martinique we learn, that the English ship Blenheim, Admiral Wood, the Centaur, and 5 frigates were waiting for the squadron from Surinam to join them, to attack the Island.
Extra of a letter from a gentleman in Carrasco to his friend in Alexandria, dated 21st July.
"A few days since the American loop William, capt. Thomas Britt, belonging to Arthur Jones, Edenton, North Carolina, bound to Jamaica, loaded with staves, heading, &c. was captured in the passage between Cuba and Hispaniola by a French privateer, and sent in here."
KENTUCKY ELECTION.
Very few complete returns have yet been received. The following is all the information we have to communicate upon the subject.
Colonel Christopher Greenup, is elected Governor without opposition. The elevation of this gentleman to the first Magistracy of the State, by an unanimous vote, is a strong evidence of the satisfaction he has given in the many high offices to which he has been previously called by the voice of his fellow citizens.
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR.
The votes for this office stand thus in the counties of Franklin, Fayette, Bourbon, Nicholas, Fleming, Harrison, Henry, Garrard, Madison.
Caldwell Bullock Johnson 2066 3006 719.
Mr. Bullock, we are informed, has majorities in Mason, Woodford, Jessamine, Clark, Gallatin, Jefferson and Shelby. Gen. Caldwell, it is said, has likewise majorities in Washington, Nelson, Mercer, and it is expected generally throughout the Green-river country. We presume he is elected. Col. Johnson, has a large majority in Scott, and also a majority in Boone.
REPRESENTATIVES TO CONGRESS.
Colonel Sandford, General Walton and John Boyle Esquire, are re-elected without opposition.
Capt. Fowler and Major Bedinger, in the 5th and 6th districts are certainly re-elected by large majorities.
We have no information respecting the result of the election in the first district.—Palladium.
MONTEGO BAY, (Jam.) July 14.
We are informed by the last packet, that the British government had just ratified the 19th article of the American treaty, which has so long been suspended. We shall be anxious to receive a confirmation of this news, so favourable to the British sugar colonies, as it gives the American traders the option of receiving the amount of their cargoes in any species of our produce. This will have the effect of keeping within ourselves much of the cash which has hitherto been received by the Americans, and laid out with our enemies for sugar, coffee, &c. or laid out in the East-India trade.
ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND: WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 29, 1804.
V I E W
OF "THE MUTUAL ASSURANCE SOCIETY AGAINST FIRE, ON BUILDINGS OF THE STATE OF VIRGINIA."
[PART THE FIRST.]
THE great principle of an Insurance institution is compatible with the strictest justice or the most selfish prudence. The man who insures any part of his property, as his house or his ship, is willing to give up a part of its value, for the security of the remainder. In the bosom of prosperity, he lays up a resource against the pains and privations of adversity. He resembles the prudent husbandman, who withdraws a part of his abundant harvests from his immediate enjoyment, and reserves it for the season of winter, of frost and sterility. Like Joseph, he considers that the period of plenty may not always continue; and like him, he prepares for the period of famine and desolation. In this respect indeed, there is an obvious and important discrimination between them: the winter of the husbandman, and the seven years scarcity of Joseph, were as certain and inevitable, as the laws of the universe are constant in their operation; but to the man who insures his property, the period of adversity is completely uncertain & merely probable. The tempests may never rise to overwhelm his vessel; the fire may never be kindled, to reduce his building to ashes.
According to this principle, there is no part of a man's property, which may not be put under an insurance. Any thing may be insured against adverse accidents, provided the value of that thing can be nearly ascertained, and provided a certain part of that value may be restored to the owner, who should be unfortunate enough to lose it. A resident of Lisbon, if he thought proper, might have had his lots insured against the earthquakes, which have desolated that city. An inhabitant of the neighbourhood of Naples might insure his houses against the eruptions of Mount Vesuvius. Even the limbs and organs of a man may in a certain way become the subjects of this operation. Not that the insurer has it in his power to restore the arms and legs of the labourer who has contributed every year a certain part of his wages to the raising of some specific fund; but that the insurer is able to return him a constant and proportional part of this fund, when infirm old age or a wasting labour has affailed the vigour of his frame. Of all that a man possesses, life alone seems to lie beyond the sphere of the insurer's occupation. It would be ridiculous for a man to insure his life on his own account, at any price, as it is not only beyond the insurer's art to restore that life, but as it would be useless for the insurer to restore any part of the fund, which was contributed during his life time, since it is impossible for him to restore the power of enjoying it. In a figurative sense of the word, indeed, a man may be said to insure his own life for the benefit of others. When a seaman applies a part of his annual wages to the purchase of a certain annuity, which is to begin after his death, he may be said to extend to his own family the exertions of his industry and the benefits of his living. The fund which he has left behind him, and which supplies the place of his annual wages, may still be said to insure for their use his limbs, his labour, and his life.
Of those parts of our property which may be put under insurance, our houses have perhaps the greatest claims to our attention. Their great value in proportion to the whole value of our fortunes; the great losses that sometimes accompany the burning of a house, from the destruction of the property which is in them; a loss which would always be more oppressive, when no part of that value would be recovered by the Insurance upon the house: the frequent risks of destruction to which houses are subjected, will often recommend to the timid and sometimes to the prudent, the necessary precaution of insuring their houses. They will certainly have to pay more for the security, which they purchase; but their compensation will be greater, when destruction once approaches. And even should danger never threaten their habitation, it is certainly of some advantage to know that they seldom stand in fear of its visitations. By some men the privilege can scarcely be too dearly purchased, of leaving their home in peace of mind, and without the perfecting fear of finding it, on their return, a smouldering heap of ruins.
Every man who insures a house, must pay a certain stipulated sum. This sum may be either paid to one individual or a company of individuals. On account of the small capital of a single individual, however, the operations of insurance have generally been conducted by a company. For the greater convenience of carrying on their business, this company have generally attempted to obtain, and very often have succeeded in obtaining, an act of incorporation. And thus armed with the protection of the law, they properly deserve the name of an Assurance Society.
These societies may be properly distinguished into two classes, according to the different methods of receiving and directing their funds. In most of these societies, the insurer and the insured may be considered as perfectly distinct. In some others of a different constitution, the insurer and the insured are really the same. In the first sort, the man who has his house insured pays to much every year to the man who insures it. He pays it, whether the houses of the insured are destroyed by fire or not; whether the funds which have been already contributed are less or more than sufficient to pay off all the losses. When their contribution is once paid in, he has no concern with the funds of the institution; he has no hand in the use and employment of those funds, until the destruction of his house by fire should give him a right to apply for that part of its value, which has been insured. Very different is the constitution of the other form of an assurance society. The contribution of each individual is by no means certain and defined. When his house is first entered, he advances a certain stipulated sum; and this is the only part of his contribution, which is always fixed and certain. What he pays afterwards is entirely dependent upon the demands of the society. He contributes only when the society is in want of money. If there be no fires to destroy the houses which are insured, he may not be called upon for a single cent, during a hundred years. If the fires be frequent and always fatal, the requisitions may be for every year or every day. When his original quota is once paid in, his influence over it does not necessarily expire. His vigilance may pursue it through all the various mazes of its employment and disbursement. With the other members of the society, he gives his vote, and exerts his influence in the government of its concerns. He may propose by-laws; he may assist in the election of its officers; he may examine the books and records of the society; he may bring the whole of its details under his own eye, and add, retrace or amend, as far as his zeal, or capacities may give him an attendant power over the other members of the institution.
Of this last form, was the Assurance Society proposed by "William Frederick Aft of the city of Richmond." It was incorporated by the Virginia Legislature in an act of the 23d December, 1794, under the name of "The Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings of the State of Virginia." I propose to devote two short numbers, to an examination of this society. In the first, I shall attempt to explain its general principles & regulations. The second shall be employed in drawing out a specific and accurate statement of the number of houses insured in the country and in the towns, of the amount of Premiums and Losses, of the necessary expenses of the institution, and of such other items as may be sufficient to explain the peculiar constitution and particular condition of the society. These statements may furnish us with some curious statistical remarks, which may be worthy of being mentioned.
THE Charter for Incorporating the Bank of Virginia, in a part of the 10th clause, sect. 8. declares—"nor shall this corporation directly or indirectly deal in, or trade in any thing, except Bills of Exchange, Gold or Silver Bullion, or in the sale of goods really and truly pledged for money lent, and not redeemed in due time, or in goods which shall be the produce of its lands." By this clause it appears, that the Bank is permitted to receive goods as a deposit, and as a security for the money it advances. What those goods may be? becomes, therefore, an important enquiry, worthy of the particular consideration of the Stockholders, at their general meeting on the first Monday in September. What must be the peculiar properties of those goods, it is not difficult to ascertain. They must be nearly unchangeable in their nature, and so valuable in the market, as to be convertible into money in those quantities and at such rates, as may be compatible with the interest of the Bank. An attempt has already been made to prove that Tobacco combines both these properties. It is worthy of enquiry, whether the lift of our commercial productions does not furnish other goods which the banks may also receive as safe deposits?
In addition to the two extracts of letters, one from Cadiz and the other from Madrid; and to the extracts from the Norfolk Herald and Public Ledger, (relative to our negotiation with Spain) which appear in this day's paper, it becomes our duty to observe, that a letter has been received by a gentleman in this city, by the late arrival at Norfolk.—This letter has been transmitted to our government. No more therefore remains in our power than to give its contents in the very words of the gentleman who received it:—"It was dated 6th of July at Madrid. It states, that the Spanish government did not give a satisfactory answer to Mr. Pinkney by a certain day, was preparing to depart, believing that he would receive no satisfaction."
The Convention, which it is said the Court of Madrid have refused to ratify, was made on the eleventh day of August, 1802. It was intended to make arrangements for settling and paying the debts due by the Spaniards for captures of our vessels, made during their war with France. By an act of the last Congress, passed on the 16th of March, 1804, an appropriation is made for carrying this convention into effect. After providing for the compensation of the American Commissioners and of an agent authorised to support the claims of our citizens before the board, this act concludes by saying that "it shall take effect and be in force from and after the day when the exchange of ratifications of
the said convention shall be made." It now appears that Spain has refused to ratify it on her part. Whether this be the only source of contention between the two countries, it is difficult to determine. There probably exists a new difficulty and a greater difference in adjusting the eastern boundary of Louisiana. It is well known that Spain wishes to limit this new acquisition by the Mississippi; asserting that the whole tract of country to the east of the river belongs to them under the name of the Floridas. We again contend that the eastern boundary of Louisiana is formed by the Perdido river.
We, therefore, have a right to demand that this convention should be complied with, and that this boundary should be thus adjusted. Spain is probably willing to do neither the one nor the other. At all events she may be willing to give up the one, if we will give up the other. Perhaps, therefore, she has withdrawn her ratification of the convention, until she can make us acquiesce in her assumption of the western boundary of Florida. May not this be the real spring of her refusal, and of our mutual contention?
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
The Speech of Carnot in the French Tribunal, on the motion for vesting the Imperial power in Bonaparte, gives rise to the most important reflections, and ought to be deeply impressed on the mind of every man in America. This enlightened man bears testimony to the important fact, that France was still capable of enjoying a republican constitution, and that Bonaparte might have immortalized himself by establishing a Republic, at that eventful period, the peace of Amiens. The establishment of an hereditary despotism in that ill-fated country, affords an awful warning to the people of America; it forcibly impresses on their memories a lesson which they ought never to forget, that the idolatry of an individual, a disciplined standing army, and a neglected militia are destructive to liberty. If in the commencement of the nineteenth century, the freedom of the people is postponed to the splendor of a diadem, what is the age, or where is the nation in which a standing army can be relied on as the safeguard of their rights?
"Since the 18th Brumaire, says the orator, there has been an epoch unique in the annals of the world, to meditate free from forms, to found liberty upon solid bases, acknowledged by experience and by reason. After the peace of Amiens, Bonaparte might have chosen between the Republican system and the monarchical; he could have done all he wished, he would not have met with the slightest opposition."
"The depot of liberty was confided to him; had he filled the expectation of the nation which had deemed him alone capable of resolving the grand problem of public liberty in great states, he would have covered himself with unexampled glory."
But surrounded by his Legion of Honour, and by his myriads whose bayonets were ready to silence all opposition; Bonaparte has preferred the Imperial sceptre to the Presidency of a Republic, and has covered himself with unexampled infamy."
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
ODE TO SLEEP.
BY A GENTLEMAN OF PETERSBURG.
O soothing Sleep! thy friendly reign, By all that breathe confest'st, Affords, to weariness and pain, Full respite when we rest. The Poor, with want and sorrow tir'd, For thy kind succour pray Thy coming yields the aid requir'd, And dries their tears away. The Slave, though heavy toil and fear Embitter all his days, In thee finds refuge from despair, With thee his comfort stays. Thou fill'st the fetter'd prisoners groan, Thou sett'st the captive free; Pale grief and sickness cease to moan, When visited by thee. To guilt alone, a dreadful foe, Thy pow'r distracts the breast; Whilist round the just sweet visions flow, And angels guard their rest.
COMMUNICATION.
ON MRS. ANNA MARIA RIDDICK, WHO DIED LATELY AT ROCKY MILLS.
She has left behind her every title to respect from the world; to praise from those who admired female merit; and to affection from her relatives, her friends and dependents.
The disease which terminated her life, seized her lungs, undermined the bloom of her youth, and subdued with a rapid victory all that was mortal.
She forefaw the event, without dreading death; although surrounded with inducements to wish to live. Her fortitude was the fortitude of a Christian, which yields to no terror of the grave?
How could she tremble, even on the verge of eternity: who recollected no sentiment towards her deplored comfort, but purity of love; who reviewed mankind, with the cordiality of a sister, descended from one common father; who in no season forgot that delicacy, which is the outwork of female virtue; who struggled to fulfil what conscience dictated; and exercised in every connection of her life, piety and benevolence, adorned with grace.
Let the fair, who are ambitious of those distinctions which alone ought to be pursued by their sex, study this example, which was always too amiable to excite envy; and is now too commanding to be neglected.
RICHMOND THEATRE.
FOR THE BENEFIT OF MESSRS. SAUBERE & COMER.
This Evening, Wednesday, August 29, 1804, (By particular desire,) will be presented, a admired Historical Drama, never performed here, translated from the French of Monsieur Baillet, and performed in London, New-York, Philadelphia, and Boston, with the most unbounded applause, called
DEAF AND DUMB, OR THE ORPHAN PROTECTED.
Julio, (the Orphan, under the name of Theodore,) Mrs. Hopkins. With the Original Epilogue by Mrs. Hopkins. Between the Play and Afterpiece, will be introduced, Comic Song, (Caleb Quotem, or the Man of all trades) Mr. Hopkins. Recitation, (Ella, a pathetic tale from Darwin,) Mr. Rutherford. Recitation in character, (Jacob Gawkay's Travels) Mr. Hopkins.
To which will be added, an entire new Grand Heroic Spectacle, compiled by Mr. Saubere, called:
ALBERT & ROSALIE, OR THE MIDNIGHT BELL.
The dresses and decorations principally new. The Overture and Orchestra accompaniments selected and composed by Mr. Decker. For characters &c. see yesterday's Bills.
PORK.—41 barrels prime PORK, New-York inspection—for sale by FRANCIS POLLET, next door above Mr. Charles Spence's. August 29.—1/2.
WILL POSITIVELY BE SOLD, on Thursday the 30th inst. without reserve, for ready Money on the premises at 12 o'clock.
THE BRICK TENEMENT on the Main Street, opposite the Post Office, at present occupied by Micajah Davis, to satisfy a debt due to Samuel Meeker, and Meeker, Dennan & Co. of Philadelphia, by BARTLETT STILL. August 29.
WANTS EMPLOYMENT.
A YOUNG MAN who writes an excellent hand, and has been accustomed to BOOK-KEEPING for the last nine years. He can come well recommended for his sobriety and attention to business. A letter directed to A. B. and left with the Printer hereof shall be duly attended to. August 29. [eW. St.]
The following is a petition which will be presented to the next General Assembly.
TO THE HONORABLE THE SPEAKER AND MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES.
The petition of sundry inhabitants of the counties of Dinwiddie represent—
THAT the law incorporating a company for the purpose of clearing and improving the navigation of James River, to which your petitioners beg leave to refer, was founded upon principles advantageous to the individual share-holders, and beneficial to that part of the community affected by its operation, in the manner expressly declared by the 18th and 19th sections of the said law; but the method which has been pursued by the Directors of that Company, contrary to the original object of the law, tends to sacrifice the interest of the community, and to promote that only of the individual share-holders and the inhabitants of the city of Richmond. In bringing this subject before the Legislature, your petitioners declare, that they have not the most distant view or inclination to injure the James River Company or the City of Richmond; but believing that they were not exclusively the objects of public patronage, and that the great and primary object of the Legislature was to extend equal advantages to all, by facilitating the transportation of produce into tide-water from the upper parts of the country; they cannot be contented in seeing it stopped at Richmond, or turned into an object of speculation, to the great oppression of a considerable part of the community. The first section of the law of incorporation, contemplates the clearing and extending the navigation of James River from tide-water upwards, to the highest parts practicable, on the main branch thereof; and the nineteenth section expressly provides, that the navigation shall be opened from Weyanoke to tide-water before the Company should be entitled to demand the tolls; but the laudable exertions of the Directors of that Company, induced the Legislature to indulge them with an extension of the time in which, under their charter, they were bound to complete the navigation, and to permit them to receive full toll although they had not complied with the provisions in the act of incorporation. Your petitioners were not dissatisfied with this benevolent act of the Legislature, in giving the Company a respite from expenses and an opportunity to accumulate their funds, because they would be better enabled to prosecute the work to the full extent of the original object and express conditions of the act of incorporation; but your petitioners, and they believe the community generally, begin to view with some concern, and to entertain serious doubts as to the further prosecution of this important object, and are apprehensive that this indulgence will soon be construed into a matter of right.
It is to be presumed that there are some few, who preferring individual aggrandizement to the general good, are willing that the work should progress no further; but this is by no means the public opinion, and it is by no means to the public interest that it should be so; under this impression your petitioners beg leave to represent to your honorable body, some of the serious and oppressive consequences which result to the community, as well as to individuals, from the want of a communication of the canal with tide-water—it is manifest that almost every article of produce transported by the Canal, is subjected to an additional expense of forage and drayage, and it is undeniable that every expense attached to the produce is ultimately paid by the cultivator of the soil; consequently there is an actual loss upon the real value of produce sustained by the cultivator of the soil, equal to the sum necessary to carry it from the present place of deposit into tide-water; and to avoid the expense of forage, frequently compels the sale of produce upon terms advantageous only to the purchaser. The delay in completing the navigation, is not only injurious to the agricultural part of the community, but is equally so to the Coal trade; for the portage of such a low priced, heavy article as mineral Coal, and the loss sustained by the necessity of a deposit upon the banks of the canal, added to the labour and inconvenience of removing it again to be shipped for transportation, when it might be accomplished by one operation, materially injures the commercial part of the community. Your petitioners must also with great deference represent to your Honorable Body, that stopping the navigation in Richmond, is giving to that City an undue monopoly of every species of property transported to market by the Canal; it operates extremely injuriously, and may be said to be an act of oppression to the Merchants and inhabitants of other towns, whose local situation entitles them to every advantage to be derived from the accomplishment of this desirable object. Your petitioners conceive that it is unnecessary to mention particularly every injury and oppression resulting from the want of a communication of the Canal with tide-water, or the advantages refusing to the community generally, from an early intercourse and mutual exchange of produce between the upper and lower country. Your petitioners pray that a law may pass, compelling the Directors of the James River Company within a given time, to communicate their Canal with tide-water in the manner expressly declared in the act of incorporation. August 29. [eW. St.]

MISCELLANEOUS.
Description of the River Mississippi, and its Delta, with that of the adjacent parts of Louisiana. By William Dunbar, of the Natchez, communicated by the Author, a Member of the Society; through the President.
[CONCLUDED.]
There are many other inlets along the coast of the Delta which flow with fresh water during the inundation, and admit the waters of the ocean at other seasons: those have all got their bars, and are, as before observed, miniature of the Mississippi; a small tide of about three feet perpendicular facilitates the passage of those bars for small craft, some of them are seen above water while the tide is out; the remedy for the removal of those bars has already been noticed: our pottery will see those inlets or Bayous converted by the hand of industry into extensive canals, penetrating in all directions this tract of inextinguishable fertility, which will become the garden of the United States.
Sugar having become of late a staple commodity of the lower country, it cannot be uninteresting to enquire how far, in its present state, it is susceptible of that culture. The following short statement is derived from the practical experience of the planter. It is now admitted that the sugar cane does not arrive (regularly) to full maturity beyond 75 miles above New Orleans, following the sinuosities of the river; and this corresponds with a line drawn westerly along the sea coast of Pensylvania and Mobile, crossing the island of New Orleans, below the city the lands decline so rapidly that, beyond 15 miles, the soil is so much imbued in the waters of the Mississippi, as to be totally unfit for the culture of the cane; within those limits, the most experienced planters admit that one quarter of the cultivated lands of any considerable plantation may be planted in cane, one quarter left for pasture, and the remaining half, employed for provisions, &c. and a reserve for change of crops. One Parisian arpent, or 180 feet square, may be expected to produce, on an average, 1 hhd. (12 cwt.) of sugar, & fifty gallons of rum. From the above date, admitting that both sides of the river, are planted for ninety miles in extent, and about three quarters of a mile in depth, it will result that the annual product may amount, in round numbers, to twenty five thousand hds. of sugar, with twelve thousand puncheons of rum. Eaterprising young planters say, that one third, or even one half of the arable land might be planted in cane; it may also be remarked, that a regular supply of provisions from above, at a moderate price, would enable the planter to give his attention to a greater body of land cultivated in cane: several of the departing branches of the Mississippi furnish strips of land along their margins within the sugar latitude — there is also a portion of the Alacapas, parallel to the sea coast, favorable for this culture; every circumstance being therefore taken into view, we may admit that the existing state of the lower country, double the quantities of sugar and rum abovementioned may be produced, although hitherto the annual product has been only 5000 hds. of sugar.
When the immense regions watered by the tributary streams of the Mississippi, particularly those extending to the sources of the Missouri, shall be opened up and cultivated by the persevering labor of man, our winters will be enchain'd in the north, and a milder climate will extend itself over the whole of the Delta — and as it lies under the same parallels of latitude, so will its productions be similar to those of the Delta of Egypt: and if we extend our views to a future period, when the waters of this great river shall be completely under the power of man, by a regular system of canals and embankments, such as probably existed in Egypt in its best days under its ancient kings, some idea may be formed of the inestimable value of a country, which most happily for itself and for the United States, now constitutes a very precious portion of the union.
It has already been said that the tides on the coast rise about three feet perpendicular, but they are not lunar tides; another cause must be sought: the bay of Mexico being a species of Mediterranean sea, surrounded by the continent and a close chain of islands, is not easily susceptible of the gravitating power of the sun and moon; the tides take place only once in twenty four hours, and nearly at the same hours in the morning; they depend altogether upon the winds, which, during the regular summer season, blow in upon the land all day; and in the night, it is either calm, or there is a small returning land breeze: the sea breeze commences in the morning about nine or ten o'clock, and ceases in the evening about sun set; the waters having acquired a momentum from the action of the wind continue to rise until about day break, when it is high water; a tide depending upon such a cause must be subject to frequent anomalies: in the winter, as may be expected from this theory, the tides are extremely irregular, being governed by the variable winds of that uncertain season.
This small tide produces an effect upon the Mississippi; I have noted at New Orleans (during the absence of the inundation) a rise of fourteen inches, an hour run fine; and at Manchac from 6 to 8 inches; this ascent of the waters of the Mississippi is produced merely by a swell or wave; the current at the same time continually issuing from the channel into the ocean; this tide requires a considerable time to make its progress upwards against the current; those who have perused Condaminé's account of his voyage down the Maragnon are acquainted with every thing that can be said upon this curious subject. The great Newton has observed, that the tides which take place nearly at the same time at London-bridge, and at the mouth of the Thames, are not the same; but that at the bridge is the same which happened twelve hours before at the Nore.
It is probable that any tide coming up to New Orleans is the same which arrived three days before at the mouth of the river, consequently the distance from New Orleans to the mouth of the river is divided by the tides into three parts; (i. e.) one tide at each extremity, and two others making their progress upwards. This statement is only conjectural, founded upon probable circumstances, having been unable to procure a sufficient number of accurate observations to be made at different points.
When the river is very low, the velocity of the stream is scarcely a mile per hour at Natchez, and much slower at New Orleans, probably not above half a mile; but during the time of the inundation from 4 to 5 miles. It is affected that the current is swifter during the night than the day; this perhaps might be accounted for by saying, that there is generally a breeze by day blowing up the river, which opposes the current and damps up the water to a certain degree; and that the night being generally still the water defends with accelerated velocity; but another fact is not easily accounted for, viz. that five miles, which are constructed upon canals leading from the Mississippi, perform more work (cateris paribus) in the night than in the day, the number of strokes of the saw being found greater in a given time. The increase of the specific gravity of water by the coldness of the night will be of no avail in the solution of this question, because the weight and velocity of water in a lateral canal cannot thereby be increased. We cannot suppose that evaporation during the day produces a sensible effect in diminishing the quantity of water because the water is diminished in the course of the day arrives at the mill during the night. It is not rather owing to the perfect stillness of the night, that the machine performs its office without any unnecessary agitation or friction, which in the day is greatly promoted by the vivifying influence of the sun, causing a more rapid circulation of the atmosphere, and exciting to motion every body on the surface of the earth, whether animate or inanimate? It is known to mariners that the relative cessation of motion on board a vessel under sail, contributes greatly to the rapidity of her movement. This phenomenon merits a more perfect solution.
Although the velocity of the water has been said to be from one to five miles per hour, yet this is to be understood of what may be called the thread of the current, being considerably less along the shores, and very frequent counter currents or eddies of great extent are found in favorable situations, which greatly facilitate the ascending navigation of the river; but as the current is continually deflected from shore to shore, boats are at many points unable to stem the force of
the current, and are under the necessity of crossing frequently to get as far as possible out of the main current. No abrasion takes place at the bottom of the channel of the Mississippi (in Lower Louisiana) an equilibrium has long since been established; it is believed rather that its bed is on the rise: as the margin of the river rises by the influence of every inundation which passes over it, it is thought that the bottom must rise also; but this effect must depend altogether upon the protuberance of the cradle of the river into the ocean, by which means the extremity of the inclined plane which the river has carved out for the conveyance of its waters, being prolonged horizontally, the waters within the channel must acquire a new elevation, placing themselves parallel to their former position, and the bed of the river will rise proportionally to far only as the alluvial bottom extends; and thus there will be a low but progressive rise of the margin and bed of the river, which is perfectly agreeable to observation.
The formation of land is surprisingly quick in certain situations; the moment the waters lose their great velocity, they begin to deposit their contents; the most favourable position is on either side of the main channel, where the current is nearly but not absolutely destroyed; as for example, when the river suddenly makes a breach or off-cut from bend to bend leaving a circle of several leagues of the former bed with little or no current, the waters immediately begin to block up the two entrances, leaving the interior in form of a lake: in five years the fall will be tolerably firm, nearly of equal height with the adjoining lands, and covered with forests of willow and cotton wood (probably populous deltoïdes) 50 feet high; some parts of the old channels were perhaps not less than a hundred feet deep: this wonderful creative power of the Mississippi may, by the ingenuity of man, be applied to the accomplishment of grand objects: by proper embankments, and a regular supply and discharge of the waters of the Mississippi, the surface of the earth may be raised to a great height, far above the general level of the inundation: travellers inform us that the towns and villages of the Delta of the Nile are built upon elevated situations, which are so many islands during the season of the inundation. How shall we account for the formation of those islands? we have no reason to believe that they pre-existed in the Delta, and they could not be formed by the natural agency of the inundation; the accumulation of earth by mere labour for the formation of so many islands would have been an Herculean task; it is therefore more rational to suppose that the ingenuity of the aborigines of ancient Egypt, directed by the example of nature herself, pursued the more simple and facile mode of elevating the site of their habitations in the manner above described.
We shall conclude the above imperfect sketch by observing, that it is the result of occasional observation for a series of years, and of scattered information collected from various sources, probably often uncertain, from a cause which is unfortunately too general, viz. the extreme inattention of persons, even of some education, to the most curious phenomena passing daily under their review.
Circumstances did not favor the investigation of several points of curious enquiry. It would be desirable to ascertain the obliquity of the inclined plane by which the Mississippi conveys its waters to the ocean, both at the surface and at the bottom of the river, and at various distances from its mouth: as also the respective velocities of the water in those positions, at low and high water. The difference of the velocities of the water at and under the surface, was turned to account by an ingenious master of a vessel, who, finding himself detained in his descent by a calm, drop his anchor ten or a dozen fathom below the surface, by which his vessel was so much retarded in the stream as to enable him to steer sufficiently to keep clear of the shore. This hint might perhaps be improved to advantage: a much more perfect instrument than an anchor may be invented for the purpose of holding the inferior current, and in situations similar to the Gulf-stream, a vessel may thereby be enabled to escape an enemy.
A chart of the alluvial country is a desideratum, with which it is to be hoped the curious will in due time be obliged, under the present enlightened government: a correct sketch of the various reservoirs and canals which this great river has formed for the reception and disbursement of its immense volume of waters, will become the basis of the vast improvements which at a future day will be made upon this inestimable portion of the United States.
WILLIAM DUNBAR. NATCHEZ, January 1, 1804. * Of Bartram.
The following article is supposed to be taken from a work published in England, entitled "The Spirit of Public Journals." The fine humour with which it abounds, is sufficient to recommend it to the public attention.
ON THE ERRORS OF THE PRESS. BY CALEB WHITEFORD, Esq.
WHILST you and your correspondents are so laudably employed in watching over the welfare of the state, keeping a jealous eye on ministers, and pointing out the errors of government, I wish, Mr. Woodfall, (if you could but find time for it) that you would pay some little attention to your own errors.
Perhaps it will appear the highest degree of presumption, to offer advice to a person in your eminent station, one who every day (Sundays excepted) dictates to ministers, and counsels kings; one who is read and admired in every part of the British dominions.
It is for this very reason, Sir, that I think it incumbent on me to tell you of your mistakes, for you cannot say with Job, "Albeit that I have erred, mine ERROR remaineth with MYSELF." No Mr. Woodfall, your errors circulate far and wide; they misrepresent many, and mislead more; in short, the errors I mean, are errors of the press; or as my learned friend Sir James Hodges expresses them in one English-latin-singular-plural word, erratums.
Of all errata, the most harmless are those which make stark-raving nonsense. These are never imputed to the writer, but are corrected by the reader, in his own mind, as he goes along; but the dangerous ones are those which make a kind of half sense, and pass current as the sense of the author, until the day following, when your lift of errata transfers the blame from the writer to the printer. However, I must say, that printers (with all their professions of candor) are as little apt to acknowledge their errors as the rest of mankind, for not one erratum in ten is ever acknowledged, and indeed I suppose they very seldom would, unless at the particular desire of the writer.
As I have said much about the errors of the press, it may naturally be expected that I should produce some proofs of what I have asserted. This I am enabled to do, having paid particular attention to them for some time past, and having looked more sharply after them, than the promotions, civil or military, the prices of corn or of flocks, the lift of ships or bankrupts, or of those paragraphs which inform who's dead, who's married, or who's hanged.
But now for the particulars of the charge. I have known you throw an injudicious reflection on all the crown'd heads in Europe at one stroke, for instead of Potentates, you have called them Potatoes, as if they had been mere vegetables. As to the King of Prussia, you talk of him in a different style, for instead of the Hero of Prussia, you have made him the Nero. Next day comes your apology, or your erratum, which sometimes, instead of mending matters, makes things worse, and like an arch tinker, in hopping one hole makes two, as I remember my old friend Alderman Faulkner, of Dublin, corrected an error in his Journal, "Erratum in our last; for his Grace the Duchess of Dorset, read her Grace the Duke of Dorset." Indeed a
blunder seems to be something in the nature of a bug, the more you struggle the deeper you get into it. But to proceed. You have on several occasions used the Doge of Genoa extremely ill, and never have made him the least apology for omitting the last letter in his title; tho' if you had desired your readers next day "instead of Doge to read Dogs," I do confess that it would have been no great reparation.
I remember the Irish Parliament some time ago, were offended at something in the Public Advertiser, and took up the matter so warily, that they ordered the paper to be burnt. Now Mr. Woodfall, whether you have taken umbrage at something, or whether it proceeds from negligence, I know not; but certain it is, that several unlucky mistakes have happened relative to that respectable body. At their first meeting you told us (instead of a bill) that a motion would be made for leave to bring in a bill; — and afterwards another motion, that the order of the Dey be read, as if it was an Assembly on the coast of Barbary — you told us one day, that Lord —, of the kingdom of Ireland, had been falsely delivered of a daughter; and we were anxious on my Lord's account, till the day following when you delivered his Lordship of the burthen, and brought the child into the world a more natural way.
In a late article under the Piazza, Covent Garden, you informed us that an Irish officer had got a confusion in his head; and you made no apology afterwards, thinking, I suppose, that there was no occasion for any, as you were right to a T.
Not long ago you advertised a pecuniary cure for raptures, and I am afraid it gave some wicked batchelor occasion to scoff at the holy state of matrimony; for as the Devil would have it (I mean one of your Devils) the very next advertisement to it was from a gentleman who wanted a wife, and over it was printed matrimony in capitals; consequently it appeared that matrimony was the most speedy and effectual cure for the raptures, though of ever so long standing, &c. &c.
I have known you advertise instead of a never failing remedy, a never-failing remedy: Now, Sir, though this might be strictly true, yet I hold it not proper that it should be so set down, as I suppose the quack doctor paid you his money for conveying a very different sense to the public. In a receipt lately published for the cure of the plague, instead of rue, you put rice, and so made a pudding of it; and in advertising a course of lectures, you turned a syllabus into a syllabub; and called the perpetual motion, a perpetual notion.
I wish you would be a little more cautious in advertising salivation not necessary; for it happened, that by omitting the i in salivation, you gave great offence to some very good christians in my neighbourhood; and also gave occasion to some wicked punsters to observe, that it was not the first time an eye had been lost in a salivation; nay, that some people had been so unlucky as to lose a couple.
There is another advertisement which frequently occurs, beginning with "Whereas several evil minded persons," &c. One day you made it evil minded parsons, which was extremely unlucky; for in these times of infidelity, people are too apt to scoff at the clergy, and indeed at all serious subjects; as to myself, I must confess that I am particularly hurt at those impertinent levities with which some people indulge themselves, being a person of a serious turn of mind, and of a disposition rather saturnine and grave.
It too often happens, Mr. Woodfall, that "what should be grave you turn to farce;" I remember in your paper, a sensible pathetic letter, signed a Citizen; he laments the internal state of this country, and you made it the infernal state; when he exclaimed ad vertere! you make him cry out ad reverie; he disapproved of all national reflections, you made him disapprove of all rational reflections; and talking of the fate of empires, you made him say the fat of empires; now as there are so many flanding jokes about citizens being fond of fat, (whether turtle fat, or venison fat) this unlucky mistake quite spoiled the letter, disoblige'd my friend the Citizen, and "all the fat was in the fire." And here I cannot help taking notice of a paragraph some time since, containing an account of the election of a worthy Alderman for a certain ward, when instead of saying he was duly elected, you said he was dully elected, and thereby afforded a handle for breaking some common-place jests, on that respectable body of men, the Court of Aldermen. Another time in the account of an entertainment given by a worthy Alderman, to the Deputy and Common Council of his ward, where they dined on turtle, you said they died on turtle; as if they had all ate till they choked or burst; whereas, on the contrary, it was extremely remarkable, that none either over-ate themselves, or caught a furfeit that day.
From several articles, Mr. Woodfall, one would be apt to conclude, that you were no great geographer; for you to tell us of Corsairs fitted out from Tunis, instead of Tunis; and that the Chinese had revolted against the Spaniards, instead of the Chilese; now, though these two nations are on different sides of the globe, I suppose you thought they were near neighbours, being within an ell of each other. Last year, when the Russian fleet took the Isle of Lemnos, you told us that part of the Squadron remained at Candy, and the rest were going to attack the Isle of Lemnos; you supposed no doubt, that Candy was a fugar Island, and that they were going to the Isle of Lemnos for fruit, and so between them to supply the fleet (pro bono publico) with punch.
You have sometimes treated the Russians very injudiciously, by calling them Ruffians; and one day you told us the combined army of the Turks and Tartars (instead of a Kam) were commanded by a Ram; as if they had been a parcel of sheep; and when it was expected the two armies were coming to action, you said they were coming to Acton; and as there was a considerable fall of stocks about that time, I have reason to think it was owing to the above report, or some other equally alarming.
I trembled for you during the whole time of the congress at Pockzany, 'tis a ticklish word in the hands of a careless compositor; and one does not know what terrible work he might make of it: Apropos, it is not long since you advertised a view of the canal of Venice, and you made it the canal of Venus; and in the account of a house breaking, instead of the rogues broke in at the window, you said they broke in at the widow.
When you informed us that a certain lady was gone to pay the holidays at her country seat near Croydon, every reader supposed that some scandal was meant, till the next day, when we learnt that there was no Croydon in the case, and that her ladyship was only gone to her country seat near Croydon.
One day you told us that some English Lord, (whose name I have forgot) was arrived at Naples with his tabor; travelling with a tabor appeared to be an odd kind of conceit; but his Lordship (apparently) was fond of music, though the tabor and pipe seemed more adapted to a juggled bear, than a Lord on his travels; thus we reasoned, till the erratum of the next day, defined us "for tabor, read tutior."
If your compositors are bad geographers, they are at least as bad arithmeticians: — Whenever sums occur, they are sure to make a bad figure. I remember at different times last year, they made the compulsory India loan,
14,000, 140,000, and sometimes 14,000,000; in short, they have no adequate idea of figures; and as to cyphers, they consider them as mere nothings, and that adding or taking away two or three of them from a sum, makes no difference at all.
I have known you turn a matter of heartily into a matter of heresy; Damon into a daemon; a delicious girl, into a delicious girl; the comic muse into a comic mouse; a jewith Rabbi into a jewith Rabbit; and when a correspondent, lamenting the corruption of the times, exclaimed O Mores! you made him cry O Moces!
You should consider, Mr. Printer, that there is a material difference between acting with the utmost lenity and utmost levity; between facetious and impudent; resolution and revolution; runny-mead and running mad; loud professions and lewd professions; words and works; fearing and roaring; Thavies Inn and Thieves Inn; minutes and minnows; rubies and bubblies; a tube and a tub; all of which words, I have observed you, Sir, at times, use indiscriminately.
I know you will say that the people ought to consider the constant hurry which attends the publication of a daily paper; that the Public Advertiser is in so great request, and people are so anxious to get it, "with all its imperfections on its head;" that you really have not time to be more correct. Ah, Mr. Woodfall! it charity, were always to begin at home; and that people would try to mend themselves, instead of bestowing so much fruitless and thankless pains in admonishing their neighbours. You, Sir, have bestowed much time, and labour, and oil, floods of ink and reams of paper, in advising Ministers of State, and correcting the measures of government; and after all, I dare say, you yourself will allow, that they are, at this moment, not one bit better or wiser than when you first undertook to mend them.
Therefore, take an old man's advice, friend Woodfall; set a pattern to the brother printers; leave, for a while, the care of the State to those who are paid for it; — look at home; — begin a reformation there, and "correct thyself for the example of others."
I am, thy sincere well-wisher, EMENDATOR.
To the friends of American Manufactures.
Mr. Peter Eltonhead, late of Manchester, England, is about establishing in Pittsburg, a complete set of machinery, for carding, spinning, and manufacturing of cotton. The estimated expence of the machinery is, 2100 dollars. It is calculated to spin from thirty to thirty-five pounds of cotton per day. Mr. E. proposes to have one hundred subscribers to his factory at ten dollars per share, &c. Each subscriber to be entitled to receive for each share 40 lb. of 24 cwt yarn per annum, for three years, at the rate of 60 cents per lb. which will be charged 80 cents to non-subscribers, provided the current price of cotton be 25 cents. If it is higher or lower, the price of the yarn to raise or fall in proportion. A thread three times as fine may be had at a proportionably advanced price, or manufacturably reduced price. Half and quarter shares may be subscribed for. A subscription paper is left at this office for the signatures of those who are disposed to encourage American manufactures. — [Greenfield paper.]
FROM THE CONNECTICUT COURANT.
Messrs. Hudson & Goodwin,
If you judge the following account will subserve the cause of humanity, please to give it a place in your useful paper.
Living near the outlet of the great pond, so called in this town, where the water for the use of mills is carried a considerable distance in the public highway in a canal and trough, and in a neighbourhood pretty thickly settled, and children playing about the stream having sometimes fallen into the water and been exposed to drowning, induced me to attend to the accounts which have been published of the means used to restore life to drowned people, and to make the subject a matter of enquiry and attention. Among the variety of methods recommended, I was induced to believe, from the surprising effect of allies in restoring drowned fowls to life, that the application would be as efficacious when applied to drowned persons, as any I heard suggested. On Monday, the 9th instant, a child of Mr. Caleb Munson, about fifteen months old, was taken out of the water apparently dead. From the place where it fell in, it had floated down the stream about sixty feet in a swift current through a gate hole in the bottom of the milltrough, where the water falls six feet, and was found lodged in trash under water. It must have been in the water at least fifteen minutes, and it was the universal opinion of those present, that any attempt to restore it to life would be totally unavailing. I however determined to try the experiment of allies: accordingly had his clothes taken off, spread some warm ashes taken from the fire-place, on flannel, and wrapped the child in the flannel, with the ashes next his skin; ordered tobacco smoke to be injected into his body, and soon applied an addition of hot ashes directly on his bowels. After operating in this way about eight or ten minutes, together with blowing into his mouth, to the astonishment of all present, signs of life began to appear, water in large quantities issued from his mouth. A portion of physe was given him, in about two hours, and in 24 hours he was able to walk, and is now entirely recovered.
This successful experiment ought to operate as a caution to all who read the account not to abandon too hastily to their fate those who are so unfortunate as to be drowned; but to make trial of the most approved means, in circumstances where there is the least possibility of success: for it is better to make an experiment on ninety-nine persons and fail of success, than suffer one to perish who might be restored to life.
SOLOMON ROCKWELL. Winchester, 13th of July, 1804.
LONDON, June 8. A board of Longitude sat yesterday several hours at the Admiralty, for the purpose of examining a new invented time keeper, by which the Longitude is expected to be more clearly ascertained than before. Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Maskelyne, Astronomer Royal, at Greenwich, attended.
FROM THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN.
AGRICULTURAL.
Profitable way of making Butter in Winter.
Put your milk, soon after it comes from the cow, into a kettle over a slow fire, heating it a little above blood warmth; then take it from the fire, and as it grows cool, the cream will rise of an unusual thickness. In very cold weather, it will very much increase the quantity of cream. If you warm the milk again after it becomes cool, in about 24 or 36 hours after you may again take off the cream, which will then be much thicker than at any other season of the year. The long time spent in churning in winter, will not be required, if the cream be raised in the above method, as generally, the butter will be made in 15 or 20 minutes. It is also a consideration of importance, that by keeping a fire in your milk room, it prevents it from freezing.
If you feed your cows with carrots or pumpkins once in 24 hours, it will make the butter produced from them look yellow and have all the richness of May butter.
Moles may be completely expelled from their subterraneous haunts, by the introduction of a few heads of garlic, to the end of which they have an utter aversion. It may likewise be employed with success against grubs and snails.
Mr. Christopher Perkins of Stockton, Durham, (King) has invented a threshing-mill, capable of threshing out 20 bushels of oats in one hour, and 12 bushels of wheat in less than four minutes. Twelve feet in the barn gives sufficient length for the machine, as well as the management of it, but as it stands close to the wall, it does not project above four feet. The horse wheel is upon a perfectly new principle, and entirely put together with new bolts. Though one horse is capable of turning the mill, a provision is always made for yoking two. The horse track is 20 feet in diameter with the posts or pillars, and consequently the centre of the perpendicular limit of the wheel is not less than ten feet from the wall of the barn.
The following is M. Woolf's method of measuring the contents of any pipe: — "Square the diameter in inches, and the product will be the number of pounds of water in every yard length of the pipe; or, if the last figure be cut off, or considered as a decimal, the remaining figures will give ale-gallons in the yard."
LITERARY NOTICE.
A new work in three volumes duodecimo, entitled "Popular Tales," the production of Maria Edgeworth, and which has been favoured by a very uncommon sale and by unbounded applause in London, has been received by Mr. James Humphreys, by the Union from London. He has put it to press, we are informed, in a handsome style, on subscription, and will publish it in a few weeks. — Phil. Gaz.
[This lady is deservedly celebrated as the author in part of an ingenious treatise on Education, an essay on Irish Bulls, and of one or two Novels. Miss Seward, in her life of Dr. Darwin, has spoken of her & her brother, who has lately participated in most of her literary labours. — When shall we see four young men desire to emulate the accomplished females of England and France, in their mental endowments? — And when may the American female venture to reply "will you learn to imitate the refined and scientific character of the men of Europe?"]
By the arrival of the brig Union, from London, the Library Company of Philadelphia have received the collection of Books bequeathed to them by the Rev. SAMUEL PRESTON, late Rector of Chippington in Kent, England. This bequest which has been heretofore announced to the public, will form a splendid addition to the Philadelphia Library: It consists of about 2500 volumes; a great proportion of which is in folio and quarto, and comprises a valuable body of divinity and Church History with numerous modern books, but is more particularly rich in its rare and valuable works, upon the History and antiquities of Italy and Greece, and its choice editions of ancient and classical authors. Part of the collection appears to have been given by Dr. HARRIS, of Doctor's Commons, to his friend Mr. PRESTON, under a knowledge of his intentions, and for the purpose of being included in the donation. Mr. Preston's legacy also included two shares of the stock of the Bank of the United States, which have been duly transferred, and a fine bronze bust of MARTIN LUTHER, which has arrived within the books.
The donation is also accompanied by a present from our amiable countrywoman Mrs. WEIR, of a fine portrait of Mr. Preston, painted by Mr. West himself.
The public have already been informed, that the Library Company are chiefly, if not wholly, indebted to Mr. West for the sentiments and disposition which induced Mr. Preston to bequeath them this legacy: — Mr. Preston himself had no particular knowledge or connection with this country, but, from his long intimacy with Mr. West, he acquired that knowledge and regard for our institutions, and the disposition to promote the cultivation of the arts among us, which induced him to leave this library, and the funds connected with it, to the improvement of our new and rising city, rather than to any of the institutions of his own country. These motives, while they do the highest honour to his memory and call for our gratitude to him as the author of the donation, demand no small portion of gratitude also to Mr. West, for being instrumental in thus awakening and promoting the motives which occasioned it.
Mr. Preston was a gentleman distinguished for his classical knowledge and taste in authors, as well as his love of, and judgment in, the fine arts. His collection of books is, therefore, highly adapted to illustrate them, and will, with you, give the curious an opportunity of becoming acquainted with their progress and elevation, and the importance which has been derived from them both in the ancient and modern world. Matter myself, that my countrymen in Philadelphia, will not be inactive in promoting their growth; that the time will soon arrive when your city will have its galleries of the fine arts, derived from the pencils and chisels of its own artists, as well as from those of past ages, and that the library, now deposited with you, will diffuse a relish for those elegant and useful objects, which have remarked the most refined and distinguished periods of civilized man." — Poulton's Daily Adv.
VACCINATION — A successful attempt has lately been made at Lyons, to try the effect of vaccination on fine woolled sheep of the Marinos breed, from the rages of the feab, which prevailed among the common sheep in the neighbourhood. Forty of the sheep which had undergone the operation, were placed among an infected flock, but, without the attacks of the disease, while none escaped that had not been vaccinated.
CLOTH BOAT — Citizen Despinemard, mechanical engineer at Paris, has lately invented a cloth boat, impenetrable to air or water. Experiments have been made with it in presence of the Inspector general of navigation, and of several members of the different learned societies. The results were highly satisfactory and a detail of the experiments have been submitted to the physical and mathematical sciences of the institute with a view to decide on the useful purposes, to which this invention may be applied.
THOMAS MOORE — A London periodical publication announces the early appearance of a poem, by Moore, the author of Little's Poems, and translator of Anacreon, called the Philosophy of Phosphorus. It speaks of the promised work in terms of particular praise, and says, that it will entitle the author to the appellation of the British Anacreon — British of course, it would be horrible to say an Irish Anacreon.
PLANET HERCULES — A London publication of June 1, states, that the planet described in the newspapers, as having been recently discovered by Dr. Olbers, has not yet been seen in England; and that the paragraph is considered a fabrication by the astronomers of that country.
A literary and scientific Almanac is promised in London. It is to inform us of authors, books, journals, societies, libraries, bookellers, universities, literary men, and the annual progress of science and the arts.
Printing, IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE of the ENQUIRER.