The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-06-09 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE... AT FOUR DOLLARS PER ANNUM... payable in advance.
NUMBER 10.]
SATURDAY MORNING, JUNE 9, 1804.
[VOLUME 1.]
CONDITIONS.
 I. THE ENQUIRER will appear twice a week... During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment will be FOUR DOLLARS per annum, to those who subscribe previous to the 9th August, after which, the price will be FIVE DOLLARS, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should they not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for twenty-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
Mediterranean Passports.
NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the 8th day of July next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel, for which application may be made on a compliance with the terms prescribed by law and surrendering the former passport of which they may be possessed, if any, in which latter case no fees will be required for the exchange: and that by an arrangement agreed upon by the Barbary powers with whom we are at peace, either the old or the new form of passport will be sufficient to protect the vessels of the United States, from capture until the 1st of July 1805, after which the old form of passport will be unavailable and the new one alone in use.
Department of State, 23d of May, 1804.
The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gasettes twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices.
June, 2.
THE Court of Hustings of the City of Richmond have established the following rules concerning applicants for licenses to manufacture Tobacco within the said City; viz.
"All Applications to the said Court for Licenses to manufacture Tobacco, must be made one Month at least, previous to the Time of granting thereof, and the Name or Names of the Applicant or Applicants entered on the Records of the said Court, and inserted in all the Newspapers published in the City of Richmond."
"It is hereby ordered, that from the Records of the said Hustings Court, it appears that GEORGE TATE means to apply to the next succeeding Court for a License to manufacture Tobacco within this City."
(By Order of Court)
ANDW STEVENSON, D. C. May 23. 320 (5)
The following Six Hogsheads of TOBACCO,
now lying in Dymers's Ware House, will be sold according to Law: 1800, January 10th—Judith Kelly, marked I. K. No. 5, Gross 1111, Tare 114, Nett 997. 1801, January 9th, do. do. No. 10, Gross 1190, Tare 113, Nett 1077—January 22, William Duggs, marked W. D. No. 17, Gross 1165, Tare 120, Nett 1045—Do. John Brent, marked I. B. No. 21, Gross 1033, Tare 137, Nett 896—January 30, George Brent, marked G. B. No. 25, Gross 1179, Tare 146, Nett 1033. March 15, Spencer George, marked S. G. No. 48, Gross 1052, Tare 106, Nett 946.
THOMAS HURST, } Inspectors
WM. MEREDITH, } May 19.—1803m
THE SUBSCRIBERS,
(Living on Shocoe-Hill, near Mr. Daniel L. Hylton and Mr. Benj. Mosby)
RESPECTFULLY inform the citizens of Richmond and its vicinity, that they have lately commenced the CARPENTER & JOINER'S BUSINESS; and are now ready to undertake any business in their line—They trust, from their particular attention, and faithful performance of every thing they undertake, to merit public patronage.
WILLIAM K. LEE, } Inspectors
JOHN S. LEE, } May 23, '04. 4f (5)
CAROLINE SPRINGS.
THE subscriber intends to open a TAVERN at the Caroline Springs, on the first day of June next; and hopes, from the pleasant and healthy situation, exclusive of the medicinal qualities of the waters, that it will be a place of general resort.
The Springs are situated about 55 miles from Richmond, 18 from Port-Royal, 12 from the Bowling-Green, and 14 from Fredericksburg. The roads leading to them are remarkably good... they are surrounded by an agreeable and respectable neighbourhood—There are out-houses for the accommodation of those who wish to live separate from the Tavern.
The subscriber flatters himself, that those inducements will not only operate on invalids, who, in the fickle season, attend the Springs for the sake of regaining their health restored, but will also be felt by those whose only object is the enjoyment of company, as it may be justly said the society will be equal to any in the country.
No exertion will be wanting to make every thing perfectly agreeable.
ANN GATEWOOD.
Fredericksburg, May 19. 31/2 35.
DRUMS.
IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED
AT THE
OFFICE of the ENQUIRER,
WITH NEATNESS, ELEGANCE AND THE
GREATEST DISPATCH.
BY AUTHORITY.
[LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES.]
AN ACT Making provision for the disposal of the public lands in the Indiana Territory and for other purposes.
(CONCLUDED.)
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That all the lands aforesaid, not excepted by virtue of the preceding section, shall, with the exception of the section "number sixteen," which shall be reserved in each township for the support of schools within the same, with the exception also of an entire township in each of the three above described tracts of country or districts, to be located by the secretary of the treasury, for the use of a seminary of learning, and with the exception also of the salt springs and lands reserved for the use of the same as herein after directed, be offered for sale to the highest bidder, under the direction of the surveyor general or governor of the Indiana territory, of the register of the land office, and of the receiver of public monies, at the places respectively, where the land offices are kept, and on such day or days as shall, by a public proclamation of the President of the United States, be designated for that purpose. The sales shall remain open at each place for three weeks and no longer: the lands shall not be sold for less than two dollars per acre, and shall in every other respect be sold in tracts of the same size and on the same terms and conditions, as have been or may be by law provided for the lands sold north of the river Ohio and above the mouth of Kentucky river. All lands, except as above mentioned, remaining unsold at the closing of the public sales, may be disposed of at private sale, by the registers of the respective land offices in the same manner, under the same regulations, for the same price, and on the same terms and conditions, as are or may be provided by law for the sale of the lands of the United States north of the river Ohio and above the mouth of Kentucky river. And patents shall be obtained for all lands granted or sold in the Indiana territory, in the same manner and on the same terms as is or may be provided by law for lands sold in the state of Ohio, and in the Mississippi territory.
Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That all the navigable rivers, creeks and waters, within the Indiana territory, shall be deemed to be and remain public highways; and the several salt springs in the said territory, together with as many contiguous sections to each, as shall be deemed necessary by the President of the United States, shall be reserved for the future disposal of the United States: And any grant which may hereafter be made for a tract of land, containing a salt spring which had been discovered previous to the purchase of such tract from the United States, shall be considered as fraudulent and null.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted, That the several provisions made in favor of persons who have been or are entitled to pre-emption rights, by an act entitled "An act giving a right of pre-emption to certain persons, who have contracted with John Clevess Symmes or his associates, for lands lying between the Miami rivers in the territory north west of the Ohio, and for other purposes," shall be and the same are hereby continued in force until the first day of June next: Provided, That the register of the land office and receiver of public monies at Cincinnati shall perform the same duties, exercise the same powers, and enjoy the same emoluments, which, by the last recited act were enjoyed on or vested in the commissioners designated by the said act: And provided also, That no certificate for a right of pre-emption shall be granted, except in favor of persons who have before the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred, made contracts in writing with John Clevess Symmes or with any of his associates, and who had made to him or them any payment or payments of money for the purchase of such lands; nor unless at least one twentieth part of the purchase money of the land claimed, shall have previously been paid to the receiver of public monies, or shall be paid prior to the first day of January next. And every person who shall obtain a certificate of pre-emption, shall be allowed until the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and six, to complete the payment of his first installment: Provided also, That where any person or persons shall in virtue of a contract entered into with John Clevess Symmes, have entered and made improvements on any section or half section prior to the first day of April last (having conformed with all the foregoing provisions in this section) which improvements by the running of the lines subsequently thereto shall have fallen within any section or half section other than the one purchased as aforesaid, and other than section number sixteen, such section or half section shall in that case be granted to the person or persons who shall have so entered, improved and cultivated the same, on payment of the purchase money agreeable to the provisions made by law for lands sold at private sale; but nothing herein contained shall be construed to give to any such person or persons a greater number of acres than he or they had contracted for with John Clevess Symmes, as aforesaid.
Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That every person who may have heretofore obtained from the commissioners, a certificate of a right of pre-emption for lands lying between the two Miami rivers, on account of contracts with or purchase from John Clevess Symmes or his associates, and who has paid his first installment; and every person who may obtain a similar certificate by virtue of the preceding section, and shall, on or before the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and six, pay his first installment, be permitted to pay the residue of the purchase money in six annual equal payments.
Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That fractional sections of the public lands of the United States either north or south of the river Ohio, or south of the state of Tennessee, shall under the direction of the secretary of the treasury, be either sold singly, or by uniting two or more together, any act to the contrary notwithstanding: Provided, That no fractional sections shall be sold in that manner until after they shall have been offered for sale to the highest bidder in the manner herein after directed.
Sec. 10. And be it further enacted, That all the public lands of the United States, the sale of which is authorised by law, may, after they shall have been offered for sale to the highest bidder
in quarter sections, as herein after directed, be purchased at the option of the purchaser, either in entire sections, in half sections, or in quarter sections; in which two last cases the sections shall be divided into half sections by lines running due north and south, and the half sections shall be divided into quarter sections by lines running due east and west. And in every instance in which a subdivision of the lands of the United States, as surveyed in conformity with law, shall be necessary to ascertain the boundaries or true contents of the tract purchased, the same shall be done at the expense of the purchaser.
Sec. 11. And be it further enacted, That no interest shall be charged on any installment which may hereafter become due, in payment of any of the public lands of the United States, wherever situated, and which have been sold in pursuance of the act, intitled "An act to amend the act, intitled "An act providing for the sale of the lands of the United States, in the territory north west of the Ohio, and above the mouth of Kentucky river," or which may hereafter be sold by virtue of that, or of any other act of Congress: Provided, That such installments shall be paid on the day on which the same shall become due; but the interest shall be charged and demanded in conformity with the provisions heretofore in force, from the date of the purchase, on each installment which shall not be paid on the day on which the same shall become due; Provided however, That on the installments which are or may become due before the first day of October next interest shall not be charged, except from the time they became due until paid; but in failure to pay the said installments on the said first day of October, interest shall be charged thereon in conformity with the provisions heretofore in force from the date of the purchase.
Sec. 12. And be it further enacted, That the sections which have been heretofore reserved, & are by this act directed to be sold, also the fractional sections, classed as is by the ninth section of this act directed, and all the other lands of the United States, north of the Ohio, and above the mouth of Kentucky river, shall be offered for sale, in quarter sections, to the highest bidder, under the direction of the register of the land office, and of the receiver of public monies, at the places respectively where the land offices are kept, that is to say: the lands in the districts of Chillicothe, on the first Monday of May—the lands in the district of Marietta, on the second Monday of May; the lands in the district of Zaneville, on the third Monday of May—the lands in the district of Steubenville, on the second Monday of June; and the lands in the district of Cincinnati, on the first Monday of September. The sales shall remain open at each place no longer than three weeks; the lands which may be thus sold, shall not be sold for less than two dollars per acre, and shall in every other respect be sold on the same terms and conditions, as is provided for the sale of public lands of the United States, either north or south of the Ohio, or south of the state of Tennessee, for sections: Provided however, That section number twenty-six, of the third township of the second fractional range, within the grant made by the United States, to John C. Symmes, on which is erected a mill dam, is hereby granted to Joseph Vashorne the proprietor of the said dam; and also that section number twenty-nine of the second township of the fourth entire range be granted to James Sutton, and also that section number twenty-one of the ninth township of the twenty-fifth range be granted to Christian Van Gundy on their payment of the purchase money, agreeably to the provisions made by law for lands sold at private sale.
Sec. 13. And be it further enacted, That whenever any of the public lands shall have been surveyed in the manner directed by law, they shall be divided by the secretary of the treasury, into convenient surveying districts, & a deputy surveyor shall, with the approbation of the said secretary, be appointed by the surveyor general for each district, who shall take an oath or affirmation truly and faithfully to perform the duties of his office; and whose duty it shall be to run and mark such lines as may be necessary for subdividing the lands surveyed as aforesaid, into sections, half sections, or quarter sections, as the case may be, to ascertain the true contents of such subdivisions; and to record, in a book to be kept for that purpose, the survey thus made. The surveyor general shall furnish each deputy surveyor with a copy of the plat of the townships, & fractional parts of townships contained in his district, describing the subdivisions thereof, and the marks of the corners. Each deputy surveyor shall be entitled to receive from the purchaser of any tract of land, of which a line or lines shall have been run and marked by him, at the rate of three dollars for every mile thus surveyed and marked, before he shall deliver to him a copy of the plat of such tract stating its contents. The fees payable by virtue of former laws for surveying expenses shall, after the first day of July next, be no longer demandable from, and paid by the purchaser. And no final certificate shall thereafter be given by the register of any land office, to the purchaser of any tract of land, all the lines of which shall not have been run and the contents ascertained by the surveyor general or his assistants unless such purchaser shall lodge with the said register a plat of such tract, certified by the district surveyor.
Sec. 14. And be it further enacted, That from and after the first day of April next, each of the registers and receivers of public monies of the several land offices established by law, either north of the river Ohio, or south of the state of Tennessee, shall, in addition to the commission heretofore allowed, receive one half per cent. on all the monies paid for public lands sold in their respective offices, and an annual salary of five hundred dollars, the register and receiver of the land office at Marietta excepted, the annual salary of whom shall be two hundred dollars. And from and after the same day the fees payable by virtue of former laws, to the registers of the several land offices, for the entry of lands and for certificates of monies paid, shall no longer be demandable from, nor paid by the purchasers of public lands. And it shall be the duty of the secretary of the treasury, to cause, at least once every year, the books of the officers of the land offices to be examined, and the balance of public monies in the hands of the several receivers of public monies of the said offices to be ascertained.
Sec. 15. And be it further enacted, That from and after the first day of April next, the fees
heretofore payable for patents for lands, shall no longer be paid by the purchasers. And it shall be the duty of every register of a land office, on application of the party, to transmit by mail, to the register of the treasury, the final certificate granted by such register to the purchaser of any tract of land sold at his office: and it shall be the duty of the register of the treasury, on receiving any such certificate, to obtain and transmit, by mail, to the register of the proper land office, the patent to which such purchaser is entitled: but, in every such instance, the party shall previously pay to the proper deputy register, the postage accruing on the transmission of such certificate and patent.
Sec. 16. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United States shall have full power to appoint and commission the several registers and receivers of public monies of the land offices established by this act in the several districts; and their commissions shall continue in force until the end of the session of congress next ensuing such appointment.
Sec. 17. And be it further enacted, That the several superintendents of the public sales directed by this act, shall receive six dollars each, for each day's attendance on the said sales.
Sec. 18. And be it further enacted, That a sum not exceeding twenty thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby appropriated, for the purpose of carrying this act into effect; which sum shall be paid out of any unappropriated monies in the treasury.
NATHL. MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JESSE FRANKLIN, President of the Senate pro tempore. March 26, 1804. APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
Foreign Intelligence.
FRENCH AFFAIRS.
We lately published Talleyrand's circular letter to the diplomatic characters at Paris, with the answer of Mr. Livingston. The following further letters are translated from Paris papers received at the office of the Morning Chronicle.
Reply from the Minister of Foreign Relations of the Italian Republic.
PARIS, 29th March, 1804.
"Citizen Minister, "I have received the letter your excellency has done me the honor to write, and which was accompanied by a copy of the report of the Grand Judge on the vile and wretched intrigues of his Britannic majesty's minister at the court of Munich."
"The First Consul is also the President, the supreme chief of the Italian Republic. It owes to him its existence, its constitution, all that it is, all that it anticipates. Can it then be less affected than France, by the discovery of the horrible conspiracy against him? Already the great the indication with which they are penetrated, and to their voice will be added that of every individual who has the opportunity of being heard by him."
"It is doubtless as impossible to add to these sentiments as it is to the respect, the affection that fills all hearts. Still I think it important to circulate the letter that you have done me the honor to communicate, and it is with this view, that I hasten to transmit several copies to Milan. In making more thoroughly known the common enemy we have to combat, and against whom the troops of our republic have already marched; they will more strongly learn to detect them. Oh! how but must detect a government, that blushes not to employ corruption, seduction, bribery, assassination, as legitimate expedients of policy, and who prostitutes that character which is held most respectable and most sacred to frame plots the most criminal and the most infamous!"
"For myself, who have equally the honor to be ranked among the ministers of the august chief, in both states; who in that capacity enjoy some share of his confidence, and have access to discover his rare and admirable qualities; how can I be otherwise than affected by that which touches his person! The sentiments I feel on this occasion, are in unison with the boundless respect and devoted attachment I owe him."
Accept, Citizen Minister, the assurance of my greatest consideration. (Signed) F. MARESCALCHI.
Reply from the Minister of the Elector of Hesse.
PARIS, March 28, 1804.
"Sir, "Every man who is clothed with a public character, must feel indignant at any one who dares to besmirch that sacred character.—Such, Sir, was the emotion that seized me in reading the articles your excellency had the goodness to communicate on the 2d Germinal."
"I have not been slow in transmitting them to the Elector my master; and though I have not yet received the declaration of his sentiments, I hesitate not to declare they will conform to those principles of honor and loyalty, of which he makes profession, to the sincere interest he takes in the prosperity of the republic, and to the attachment he bears to its august chief."
"For myself, Sir, I shall esteem myself happy in an opportunity to warrant, by my frank and loyal conduct, the opinion that the First Consul deigns to manifest; for I only desire to merit the respect of the government to which I am sent, and the approbation of the sovereign I have the honor to represent."
"I intreat that your excellency will express these my sentiments to the First Consul, and accept the assurance of my highest consideration."
LE BARON DE MALLBOURG, Envoye extraordinaire, Ministre plenipotentiaire de S. A. S. E. Elector de Hesse.
Reply of the Minister from Malta.
PARIS, March 25, 1804.
"Sir,—I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your excellency's letter of the 2d Germinal, with the copy of the report presented to the First Consul by the Grand Judge, of a conspiracy carried on in France by Mr. Drake, minister of his Britannic majesty, at the court of Munich. I shall immediately communicate them to S. A. E. the Grand Master of the order of St. John of Jerusalem. His attachment, his
profound devotion, as also that of the whole order over which he presides, to the interests of France, and to the august person of the First Consul, cannot but inspire him with all the horror that so odious a plot deserves.
Accept, Sir, the homage of the high consideration, with which I have the honor to be your excellency's most humble and obedient servant.
The Bailli DE FERRETTI, Ministre plenipotentiaire de S. A. E. Le Grand Maître de Malte.
Reply of the Minister of Wurtemberg.
PARIS, 25th March, 1804.
"Citizen Minister, "I acknowledge very gratefully the mark of confidence which your excellency has had the goodness to show me. I have instantly transmitted all the articles, to the Elector my master, who, sincerely attached to the august person that governs France, will take the most lively interest in every thing that regards the sublime chief of a great nation. I am equally sensible of the justice the First Consul renders to the members of the corps diplomatic, who have the honor to reside near him."
Inasmuch as the privileges appertaining to the representative of a government ought to be respected, and inasmuch as he claims with justice his inviolability; in the same degree, should he become culpable and contemptible, in the eyes of the universe, if he ever so far forgets himself, as to permit actions, contrary to all laws divine and human, which render him unworthy or his eminent station.
Allow me, Citizen Minister, to add the strong expression of my ardent wishes for the preservation of the life of the First Consul, so valuable to France and to all Europe. Accept also the assurance of my high consideration.
Signed) THE BARON DE STEUBE, Minister Plenipotentiary from Wurtemberg.
PARIS, 12th Germinal (April 5.)
The Lords commissioners of the treasury in London have ordained, that all the French emigrant general officers who may return to the frontiers of the Rhine, shall have the daily pay of five shillings sterling: the colonels, lieutenants colonels, and captains, shall have three shillings; subaltern officers one shilling and six pence; and the nobles on foot and horseback, one shilling per day. It is in consequence of this ordinance, that at Offenburgh, and other little frontier towns of Germany, a reunion has been formed of the vile remains of emigrants, become the shame and dishonor of the nation.
Since the year VIII (1800) a plot has existed to deliver Breff to the English. A person named Rivoire, an old officer of marine, was prevented from being the author of this plot. The accumulated proofs against them were of great evidence; and yet, according to the forms and to the manner of administering justice in the naval courts, a jury at Breff pronounced, on the 29th Germinal of the year X, that he was convicted but not guilty. The tribunal of Cassation (repeals) repealed this sentence the 19th named Rivoire should be tried. We know Venturi, year XI, only to transportation. Was there ever a crime more enormous, or could one make a base attempt more disastrous for the nation than the firing of Breff, or the treason that would have delivered this arsenal to the English. The war having again commenced, Rivoire could not be transported, and has been retained in the castle of Lourdes. At the notice of the conspiracy which had just miscarried, other sentiments appear to have wakened in his heart, and he has written to the Grand Judge the following letter, in which, he not only confesses his crime, but even admits that he had a knowledge of the sd Rivoire.
Rivuire, officer of marine, to the Grand Judge. From the castle of Lourdes, 2d Germinal, year XII.
Devoted, since my infancy, to the service of my country; if I have erred in the means of performance, my intentions have been pure, and my object has been the happiness of my country. The First Consul has prospered by a far different method, and though for the present his enemy and his victim, I find myself forced by my heart, to express my wishes for his success.
For a long, too long time I have sacrificed myself from a motive dictated by my heart, rather than my head, and have served an ungrateful party, whose pusillanimous chiefs repose all their confidence in selfish and faithless ministers. The victim, for the fifth time, of their fruitless attempts, I determined to abandon a cause, the success of which I at length perceive would be the misfortune of France. I waited impatiently the termination of a war, which I regard as the only obstacle to the execution of my sentence, when I have learned with astonishment the discovery of the last conspiracy. You will excuse my sincerity, (I do not think it preposterous with you) I would willingly have given whatever is dearest to me in the world, that the government under which I was born, had never been changed—but now, matured by age and cruel experience, I think that those who have not had courage to reassert the helm of state, are incapable of directing it.
I have been condemned as the agent of Georges; but when I came to Breff I was charged with orders direct from the Prince—I came from London. Georges was only to aid me with troops, when I asked him. We were to concert together about every thing.—Breff was then unfinished with troops; the workmen were not paid; a great part of the marines of the French squadron were of the insurgent countries, and ancient Chouans. Spanish troops had debarked to serve in the place, and I could at least count on their neutrality. My project would have succeeded but for the delays, the indecision, and the absurd conduct of the prince's counsel, which, instead of a delay of six weeks at most, retarded for five months the execution of a plan, the success of which promptitude alone could insure. During this interval the troops assembled for the revolutionary army, and the charges which had taken place in the squadrons had determined to renounce the project.
In a council held on this subject, different expedients were proposed, and among others the internal machine, already tried by the Jacobins. I only opposed it, not from zeal to the First Consul, (whom I regarded as an enemy) but for the interest of the party. The idea of assassination attached to a similar project, had been diffused upon an honest man; besides I saw the result

would be entirely in the hands of the Jacobins, (always ready to seize a favourable opportunity) since we had no one sufficiently deserving in the army, to put himself provisionally at the head of affairs.
It was then that I proposed to imitate the example of the Polish confederates under Oaths to Poniatowski, of assembling the principal chiefs at Paris; that we should mount horses, and proceed openly with arms in our hands, to attack the First Consul when he should go out with his escort; that such a stroke would win the hearts of men by its greatness and its courage; that if we were successful, those of us who should survive, might be able to profit by the general astonishment to possess themselves of authority; and that, even though we should fail, we would be infinitely useful to the party by having set an example of devotedness to the cause, calculated to electrize the minds of Frenchmen.
A few days after, I learned the affair of the 13th Nivose. I could not refrain from testifying my dissatisfaction with Georges. At length fully persuaded, after what happened to me, of the weakness of the prince, and entirely disgusted at so many abortive measures, I formed the resolution of abandoning for ever all political intrigue. In consequence of this design, I went over to England to draw a little sum which I had there deposited, and to go thence to the United States (Holland) where I possessed some property, when I was arrested at Calais, and conducted to Paris. For three years I have been a prisoner, and have undergone two sentences. The foundation of my accusation is in part true—the details only are not. I have defended myself to the best of my ability.
If, when I was arrested at Calais, I had not been in my opinion, in danger of death, I would willingly have given details and instructions capable of preventing new attempts; but I chose rather to dissemble, lest it should be thought that fear had induced me to speak. Now that my fate is decided, that I neither expect nor fear any thing farther, I have lightened my heart in giving you the above information. Deign to believe me, with respect your very humble, and very obedient servant.
(Signed) RIVOIRE.
By the Anna, from London, and the Olympus, from Liverpool, arrived at this port yesterday afternoon, we have received collections of English prints to the beginning of April.—Though of a date antecedent to those already received, we make a brief extract from our London Correspondent's letter:—
[Phil. Gaz.] “None of the French conspirators are yet brought to trial. The old state pretext is made use of as before, that England has engendered this conspiracy to assassinate the Chief Consul, and paid the leaders of it.—There is not a man in England that believes it. Be that fact as it may, the Moniteur is filled with addresses from all parts of France, congratulating the First Consul on his escape. The same paper has just published the most wanton, scurrilous and scandalous abuse on the King of England and the Royal family. Recollecting that the 8th of March was just a year since the renewal of the war, it hurls vengeance against our Monarch on that account; attributes his illness as a judgment from Heaven—wishes that one royal brother may rise up in arms against another, and the mother against her son, with other foul abuse & indecency.
“It is thought here that the First Consul means to make this conspiracy ring as an alarm throughout Europe, to the injury and annoyance of England: but in this design we are confident he will not succeed. The First Consul there is on the roll of the planets, whose movements are more regular. His appearance has astonished the world; and he may be defined by the great Architect of the Heavens, to answer some very important purpose, abstracted from any views of his own; and though his tail like fire from a volcano, has swept away whole nations, and involved them in ruin, he may expire suddenly and be consumed by his own evils.
“With respect to parties in this country:—there has lately been seen a kind of half conjunction of the Grenvilles and the old opposition, (Mr. Fox at the head) in some late debates & particularly on the volunteer regulation bill. Mr. Windham, though a volunteer himself, is decidedly against that system of defence, and is rather like Gen. Crauford, for raising and training an armed peasantry all over the kingdom. Mr. Pitt, who has been equally, if not more active as a volunteer officer than any of them, does not fall in with the ideas of either of the two foregoing Senators. The Secretary at war is attacked by all parties on account of the inefficiency of his Volunteer Bill.”
Lord Sheffield in a debate in the British House of Peers, in February last, delivered the following opinions:
He was disposed to consider a judicious increased issue of it (paper money) as very advantageous, inasmuch as it enabled us to carry on the great commercial transactions of this country; and if the event has helped to prove that immense quantities of gold coin in circulation, are not absolutely necessary, this measure which we now regret, in some degree becomes serviceable, by preventing hereafter unfounded apprehension and alarm on such a subject. Scotland has improved, in every shape, with scarce any coin, and has been greatly benefitted by a plentiful issue of paper money, and we find that great quantities of coin or bullion give little credit to France or Spain, and consequently it might be inferred that coin has little to do with public credit; and, in truth, the necessity of having an immense quantity of gold and silver in an unproductive state, in those two countries, arose from the want of public credit. Holland, when she flourished most, depended almost entirely on her bank; and the countries truly commercial, such as England and Holland, could not have carried on their extensive trade by any other means. A very great proportion of the wealth of England would be in
an unproductive state, if it were necessary to have a coin currency for all its commercial transactions, and without a plentiful issue of paper currency, we could carry on but a very small part of our present trade. He said, he scarcely comprehended the suggestion, that the unfavourable exchange against this country took place in consequence of the bank restriction. It did not take place immediately on the adoption of that measure: ever since that time, during a certain period, there has been a great influx of gold, and the exchange has lately become much more favourable during the existence of the restriction. He observed, it was perfectly easy to account for the unfavourable exchange, by the great remittances to the continent; and more especially, in return for the immense importation of grain, the value of which is estimated according to the price at the British market, would amount to upwards of twenty four millions in a little more than two years, or on an average of ten years, we have imported of foreign corn, which we might have raised at home, to the value of at least four millions yearly, not far short of the ordinary real balance of trade in our favour. As the importation of foreign corn diminished, the course of exchange became proportionably more favourable to us. It therefore seemed reasonable to suppose that the immense payments for foreign corn, consumed more than the balance of the trade in our favour; and it may be observed, that the payments for a very extraordinary importation of corn, in consequence of the scarcity of 1796, drained this country so much, as to become a principal cause of the restriction act, in the spring of 1797. So that instead of imputing the unfavourable exchange to the restriction act, we must place it to its proper account, our own neglect and bad policy. We suffer quibbling objections to prevent a general inclosure and cultivation of the waste lands, & we neglect to remove the great discouragement to tillage. We do not give ourselves the trouble to examine our corn laws which have been altered much for the worse within the last thirty years. He concluded by saying he wished it were in his power to remove prejudices arising from unfounded theories, and to relieve the public mind from apprehensions really unfounded.
Domestic Intelligence.
From the GEORGIA REPUBLICAN.
GEORGIA: By his Excellency JOHN MILLEDGE, Governor and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of this State, and of the Militia thereof. To all to whom these presents shall come, or be made known—
GREETING: WHEREAS by the first section of the third Article of the Constitution of this State, it is, among other things, declared, that “the Judges of the Superior Court shall be elected for the term of three years, removable by the Governor on the address of two thirds of both Houses for that purpose, or by impeachment and conviction thereon.”
AND WHEREAS both houses of the Legislature, that is to say, the House of Representatives on the seventeenth day of May instant, and the Senate on this day, did cause to be presented to me an address in the words following, to wit:—
In the House of Representatives, May 16, 1804. To his Excellency JOHN MILLEDGE, Governor and Commander in Chief in and over the State of Georgia.
The Address of the House of Representatives of the State aforesaid, respectfully represents—That several charges of a highly criminal nature, a copy whereof is hereto annexed, having been exhibited against Jabez Bowen, Judge of the Superior Courts of the Eastern District, supported by such testimony as fully satisfies the House, and leaves no doubt of the guilt and criminality of the said Jabez Bowen.
We therefore, the Representatives aforesaid considering the said Jabez Bowen, wholly unworthy of the dignified station he at present occupies, do unanimously request your Excellency to exercise the authority vested in you by the constitution, and remove him the said Jabez Bowen, immediately, from his office or Judge of the said district.
ABRAHAM JACKSON, Speaker. Attest, HINES HOLT, Clerk.
CHARGES EXHIBITED AGAINST JUDGE BOWEN.
First—That the said Jabez Bowen, actuated by motives unworthy of and highly criminal in a Judge, did in or about the month of January last past, burn or destroy a certain Record of the Superior Court of the County of Chatham, that is to say, a certain plea or answer of Thomas Gibbons, to an action instituted against him in the said Court, by Oliver Bowen deceased.
Second—That the said Jabez Bowen, regarding the sacred duties of his office, the laws of the land, the peace and safety of the State and the inhabitants thereof: did on the 23d day of April last past, in the Superior Court of the County of Chatham, while presiding as Judge, utter to the Grand Jury, and deliver, under the title or color of a charge, an extra judicial speech or address, containing
principles in the highest degree dangerous to the lives and properties of the good people of the State, tending to excite insurrection, and to involve the country in all the horrors of domestic warfare.
Third—That the said Jabez Bowen, did at divers times and places, endeavour to promote and incite insurrection, by holding converse with slaves tending to inflame their minds and other-wise, and threatening to raise & head such insurrection himself, and destroy all the white people in the country.
Fourth—That the said Jabez Bowen, did on the 24th day of April, illegally commit the Grand Jury of the county of Chatham, to the common jail of the said county, for barely exercising their constitutional right and duty, of presenting persons and crimes, and daring to disapprove and censure the said violent and inflammatory charge or address, so delivered to them, by him the said Jabez Bowen, as aforesaid.
Fifth—That the said Jabez Bowen, forgetful of the dignity of his office, and in derogation of the same, did go to the court house of the said county of Chatham armed, and did there while on the bench, and during the sitting of the court draw forth and present a pistol at and against a multitude of citizens there assembled, using at the same time the most violent and indecent language.
Sixth—That the said Jabez Bowen in violation of this duty, and of the respect and obedience due to the State, the Legislature and the Laws, hath insulted the dignity of the State, and endeavoured to bring its Legislature and Laws into contempt. By which said several crimes and misdemeanors the said Jabez Bowen, hath rendered himself unworthy the high and dignified office, of a Judge of this State.”
IN SENATE, May 17, 1804.
The special committee to whom was referred the papers and documents relative to the conduct of Judge Bowen, report and recommend the following address.
To his Excellency JOHN MILLEDGE, Esq., Governor or his Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the State, and of the Militia thereof.
The Senate of the state of Georgia, having taken into consideration the charges which are brought against Jabez Bowen, Jun. Judge of the Eastern District, and the evidences which support them, DO RESOLVE, That the said Jabez Bowen, Jun. is unqualified for the appointment which he holds in the Judicial department of this state; that it will be derogatory to the dignity of the state, that he should continue any longer therein—and that his continuation in office will endanger the peace and harmony of this people.
The Senate therefore beg leave to address his Excellency, and to request that he will dismiss the said Jabez Bowen, Jun. from his appointment of Judge of the Eastern District of the state of Georgia, as by the first section of the third article of the constitution is provided.”
The Senate took up the report, and the same being read, was unanimously agreed to.
DAVID EMANUEL, President of the Senate. WM. ROBERTSON, Secretary.
NOW KNOW YE, That having taken the foregoing address of the House of Representatives, as well as that of the Senate, together with the charges exhibited against the said Jabez Bowen, Jun. and the evidence in support of them, in consideration, I do by virtue of the power and authority in me vested by the constitution as aforesaid, remove the said Jabez Bowen, Jun. from his office of Judge of the Superior Court of the Eastern District of this state, and appoint Judge as aforesaid, to all intents and purposes, from this time, as void, as though he had never been appointed and commissioned as such.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the Great Seal of this State, to be affixed.—Done at the State-House in Louisville, this eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twenty-eighth.
JOHN MILLEDGE. By the Governor. HOR: MARBURY, Secretary of the State.
Message from his excellency the governor, delivered to the Legislature of South Carolina, the 11th May, 1804.
To the honourable the President and Members of the Senate.
HONOURABLE GENTLEMEN, At the request of the honourable Pierce Butler, Esq., one of the Senators from this state in the congress of the United States, I have the honour to lay before you two letters which I have received from him. I feel it my duty to comply with his request thus early, as they contain sentiments respecting the resolution of Congress upon the proposed amendment of the constitution of the United States, which I have just caused to be laid before you.
I have the honour to be, With high respect, Your most obedient, JAMES B. RICHARDSON. Columbia, May 11, 1804.
FEDERAL CITY, Dec. 6th, 1803.
SIR,
A resolution passed the senate on Friday last, which will be sent to the several states for their approbation; the object of it is to authorise the electors to designate in voting for a president and vice-president; to this resolution I have been opposed; it becomes my duty, to state to the legislature of my own state why I am opposed to it.—First, I like the constitution as it stands, much better than the proposed alteration. The convention in fixing on two names to be indiscriminately voted for, felt an anxiety to guard against the evil attending an elective chief magistracy, as have been felt in Poland.—While two distinguished citizens are indiscriminately voted for, party heat will not be so great as by having single opposition champions, running in direct opposition to each other—the attachment to an individual gives birth to heat, and turbulent passions, which are in a degree checked by an indiscriminate vote for two persons, each party having this consoling hope, that if their candidate does not succeed to the chief magistracy, he will by being vice-president, be in the road to it. If the alteration is agreed to, the small states, in which number South Carolina is ranked, never will give either a president or vice-president to the union. Large states can then combine secretly and give a president and vice-president for ever. Four states send seventy-four members to the house of representatives; the whole number of representatives is one hundred and forty-three—In the mode pointed out by the constitution, there can be no combination as to a vice-president, for in that case, the choice of the smaller states might step in and give a president. The ostensible reason assigned by the advocates of the proposed alteration, is to prevent a repetition of the dis-
graceful scene, so degrading to republican government, that took place at the last election—there is no honest man whose pulse did not beat high on that occasion; but the probability of there ever again being two names equal on the highest number, is so remote as not to justify an alteration, so materially affecting the sovereignty of states; for remote it is that if doctor Price, who was said to be better read in the doctrine of chances, than any other man in Europe, could rise from his grave, he would probably tell us that it is the nearest to impossibility its ever taking place again. We all recollect the course of this extraordinary circumstance too well to need my detailing it; it is much to be apprehended that in a paroxysm of discontent or resentment, some of the states may be hurried into an approbation of a measure, without allowing time to view it in all its bearings, which in the end, they may have cause to regret.
I have another reason which had an influence on me in opposing the contemplated alteration, and which my duty obliges me, however unpleasant, to make known to the legislature, the more so as the guardianship in senate, of the sovereign rights of South Carolina is now in my hands: I had not long been in the senate, since my last election, before I perceived a combination among certain LARGE STATES, unfair in itself, and dangerous in its consequences, to the rights of other states; they held evening meetings, to decide what shall take place or prevail in senate. Into this combination they have drawn two or three of the small states, and by this combination nothing is suffered to come fairly before senate, that is not either brought forward by one of the party, or has not their previous sanction—to such a state of things, I could not—I cannot—I will not submit—without expressing both my concern and disapprobation—concern, because I expected a very different conduct from gentlemen with whom I hoped to have been in union—disappointment at finding these men, who, before a revolution in the publick mind took place, possessed a jealous regard for equal rights, NOW IN POWER, THE FIRST TO SUBVERT THE PRINCIPLES which they wished to be thought the advocates of.
I request, sir, you will lay this letter and a copy of it, before the two houses.—I indulge a hope that the legislature may not, by any present impressions, be hurried into a measure which places the state on an unequal footing in the confederacy.
I have the honour to be, With consideration and regard, Your excellency's most obedient, P. BUTLER. His excellency Gov. Richardson.
PHILADELPHIA, April 3, 1804.
DEAR SIR, Looking over a copy of my letter to you of December 6, which letter I requested you to lay before the legislature, I observe one departure from grammar, which I will thank you to amend, before the letter is sent to the legislature. I will quote the sentence to save you the trouble of looking over the whole letter.
“The attachment to an individual, gives birth to heat and turbulent passions, which is, in a degree, checked by an indiscriminate vote for two persons.”
I do not know your sentiments on the proposed alteration of the constitution. Your station as governor—your having advocated personal rights since you entered into public life, must give great weight to any opinion, you may give on this very interesting question. Intrigue itself cannot have the impudence, if truth is at all regarded, to call it a party question. It is truly a question of state rights; or rather an improper attempt by a few states, under the specious pretence of saving their rights from degradation, is reserved for South Carolina—she will become the Thesbee of America. If South Carolina gives her sanction to the proposed alteration the ratifies for ever her own degradation, as well as that of other states. If the alteration succeeds, the vice-president will for ever hereafter become an article for sale, barter or exchange, by a combination of a few states. “Throw your votes into our scale for a president, and you may name the vice-president.” Thus the vice-president, instead of being the second most estimable character in the Union as is contemplated by the constitution, as it now stands, will be the creature of the offspring of intrigue. In the event of the death of a president, how dreadful would the situation of the country become under the government of such a vice-president as this intriguing innovation will, nineteen times in twenty, give to the Union.
South-Carolina has and justly, the reputation of embracing as many enlightened, well-educated citizens as any state in the union—can there be a reflecting mind in the state who does not foresee the effect of the proposed alteration? There cannot. In a few years, when party heat subsides, if ever it will subside, I would venture to risk my reputation and life on it, that several of the states who have allowed themselves to be hurried by the spirit of party, into an approbation of the measure, will devoutly thank South Carolina for saving them from the snare laid for them—from the degradation into which they are hurrying themselves. I yesterday was allured by very good authority, that governor Fenner of Rhode-Island, did all in his power to prevent the adoption of the alteration; but in consequence of some federalists being active in opposing it, the republicans said it must be a good thing. Such is the hurry into which party heats sometimes hurry men. South-Carolina has a favourable opportunity to distinguish herself for possessing true patriotism, and calm, clear judgment. God Almighty grant that he may embrace the opportunity.
I regret exceedingly that the state of my health does not permit of my return to Carolina. If my worthy colleague and myself were called before the legislature to give a statement of public measures, public relations, and private combinations, I am well satisfied that we should not differ in our statements—but alas! my health permits not of my being in the way of discharging this duty.
I have the honour to be, With great consideration and esteem, Dear Sir, your most obedient, P. BUTLER.
I received the letter you favoured me with, covering your communication to the legislature, for which I return you my best thanks. Perusing this letter over, I see nothing in it that I can wish to be secret; you are therefore at liberty to make what use you think proper of it.
MARIETTA, April 30.
List of vessels built at Marietta during the last season.
Brigantine Louisiana, burthen 170 tons, built by Joseph Barker for Edward W. Tupper, Esq., Brigantine Ohio, burthen 170 tons, built by Jonathan Devol, for Mills, Frazier and M c Tarlane.
Sch r Whitney and sch r M c Grath, for Col. Abner Lord, burthen each, 80 tons.
These vessels have all failed, and we are happy to state that their prospects are fair of success.
Miscellaneous.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
I am astonished to hear any complaints from any Subscriber to the Mutual Assurance Company against Fire in Virginia, on the requisition that is now made, in consequence of the considerable fire that has happened in the town of Norfolk, and nine Counties beside. The benevolent man will be happy when an opportunity is afforded him to succour the unfortunate on any occasion; and an ample field is now presented him by the great distress of our fellow-citizens in Norfolk.—When thousands of dollars have been generously subscribed for their relief, from various parts of the United States, by non-subscribers, shall it be said that a member ever arose from a member, and subscriber to a benevolent institution as the Mutual Assurance Company? Particularly from a Virginian, who has always been justly remarked for his philanthropy, in contributing his mite to succour the distresses of his fellow-citizens of Norfolk?
The institution has been in operation for nearly ten years, and this is only the second requisition that has ever been made during all which time. Our buildings have been insured to us, and we have paid nothing of consequence. Look to the Phoenix Company and other Assurance Companies against fire in Europe, and you will find that immense sums are paid per annum, whether they sustain any loss or not; while we in Virginia pay our quota on just and proper occasions.—The offices held under the European institutions are mere sinecure places, whereas the Assurance Company in Virginia is founded upon the most economical principles. The officers, few in number, have only a decent support; and it can, with the utmost justice be said, that all the officers have (from the president down, successively) conducted themselves with the most upright integrity and attention to their different offices. The principal agent who has exclusively devoted his talents and time, for 12 years, to promote the interest of the company, with indefatigable perseverance has surmounted all the difficulties that have been continually thrown in his way, by the enemies of the institution; but it is now established on a firm a rock, that the attempts of all its enemies will never prevail against it. It may be well remembered, that when the principal agent came to Virginia 10 or 12 years ago, and proposed the plan, nothing could exceed the opposition that he met with; it was given out that we could not establish any institution of the kind in Virginia on our own resources, but must be still dependant upon European institutions. Notwithstanding the novelty of the subject, such was the independence and industry of the principal agent, altho' a stranger, a foreigner, and without friends or patronage, he has completely established an institution that bids fair to continue for ages. This Virginian institution has met with the plaudits of the people of the United States at large, and particularly of the neighbouring states, one of which (North-Carolina) I understand, has, or intends to establish one after the Virginia model. It must therefore be built on the principle of equality, justice and benevolence; the founder has deferred well of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and will forever be remembered by the philanthropist. Various instances continually present themselves of gentlemen withdrawing from the Insurance Societies in Europe and becoming subscribers here, all the most respectable and responsible people in the commonwealth are subscribers, from the President of the United States down to the last man on the subscription list, so that the actual sum declared for, amount to upwards of approaching nearer to a General Insurance throughout the commonwealth: in short, it is one of the most excellent institutions perhaps in the world. It is the pride and ornament of Virginia and the envy of all other Insurance Companies. Although the loss in the town of Norfolk, still one premium is sufficient to pay that loss and those in the different Counties, and to replenish the funds to answer any future loss. It has been said that the people in the country are not upon an equal footing with those in town; but if the subject is properly considered, it will be found that the equality is as great as the nature of the case will admit of, the townman paying considerable more for his buildings than the countryman—and now by a late regulation of the Society, no wooden buildings will be insured in the towns. No division or separation can now take place between the town and country, without a probable destruction to the Company; for, agreeable to the true American motto, “United we stand, divided we fall.” I would recommend to the subscribers when they look at their policy, to see what is their contribution, to look also into the face of their policy, where they will find these few words, “do unto others as you would be done by;” and although they are not written in letters of gold, they ought to be deeply engraven in the heart of every man. He is then only to imagine that he himself was the loser, that his houses were burnt with every thing valuable in them, and himself and family without a house or hut to defend them from the inclemency of the season; but if he will suppose himself one of our unfortunate fellow-citizens of Norfolk for a moment, he will instantly congratulate himself that he is a subscriber and member to a society that can dispense so much good to the unfortunate; and will conclude with this comfortable reflection, that should he himself, or these he holds most dear, ever be equally unfortunate, a similar relief will be furnished him or them, he will then cheerfully pay up his contribution by the first of August next, without any expense to himself or trouble to the Cashier General and his Attorney. Independent of this, his building is not insured during his delinquency.
A COUNTRY SUBSCRIBER TO THE MUTUAL ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
June 8, 1804.
From the Republican Argus.
MR. PRINTER,
The wits and the witsayers among the federalists who have amused themselves so long with Mr. Jefferson's Salt Mountain in Louisiana, seem to have worn out this topic of ridicule without having yet discovered any other equally fertile of “quips and cranks and federal wiles.” I am sorry for it; they certainly contrived something to the harmless stock of public amusement, and equally diverted all classes of their readers; those of their own party, as ignorant and incredulous as themselves, laughed with them, while the great majority of the public, as heartily laughed at them. It is really surprising what a number of witty questions they put, what droll conjectures they made, and what comical hypotheses they contrived on this truly amusing subject! Then, how they tittered at the credulity of philosophy and philosophers, and laughed outright at the fee simple of a mountain of salt which a night's rain would carry down to its kin's ocean? As Pope says of Longinus, “he is himself the great sublime he draws,” of

these manufacturers of federal fun seemed to think that their works also identified themselves with their subject, and that their puns and paragrams, their queries and their quizzes, their conjectures and conundrums were all sheer wit — verum sal of the genuine Attic strength and flavour? How unluckily will it be if they should have reason to exclaim at last, what a pretty pickle these demagogues have got us in now? Pedantic fools! how droll they do the brim about them! How it poured down on the devoted head of our philosophical President ! How kindly too did they furnish the Trin emigrants with inexhaustible magazines of salted fish to excite their thirst, and whole lakes of whiskey to quench it! What pity it is that there should be only one salt mountain in the world, and one credulous philosopher, for these federal wits to sneer at! but let them not despair! I can find them other salt mountains, and other philosophers ancient and modern, equally credulous and equally proper for their gibes and jeers.
The 7th chapter of the 31st book of Pliny the naturalist, treats of salt, its natural formation, the varieties of its appearance on the earth, the places where it is found, and its uses in medicine and the arts. Speaking of the variety of its appearance, he says: Sunt et montes nativi salis, ut in India Oromenus; in quo lapidicinem modo ceditur renascens; in quoque regum vestigia ex eo sunt, quam ex puro et atque margaritis. A little further in the same chapter he says: Africa eua Uticam constituit acuos salis ad collum speciem qui ubi sole lunaque indurere nullo humore liquefunt, virque ferro e dunque.
Dr. Thomas Shaw, a regius professor of Greek in the University of Oxford, and a fellow of the Royal Society, undoubtedly therefore sufficient of a philosopher to be a subject for derision, says in page 145 of the second edition in quarto of his travels into Barbary and the Levant, first published in 1738 — “ Tibbet Had-daf is an entire mountain of salt, situate near the eastern extremity of the Lake of Marks. The salt of it is of a quite different quality and appearance from that of the Saline, being as hard and solid as stone, and of a reddish or purple colour.” In the same paragraph he mentions other salt mountains near Leontas and Jibbel Misris , of a grey or bluish colour.
Dr. Watson, the present Bishop of Llandaff, (a philosopher also) in his chemical essays, vol. 2, page 44, mentions that at Cordona, in the province of Catalonia, in Spain, there is a solid mountain of rock salt between 4 and 500 feet in height, and a league in circuit. Its depth below the surface of the earth is not known. It has no mixture of any other matter with it. He quotes the Bib. naturelle de l'Espagne , p. 406.
“This singular phenomenon,” says Doctor Townsend in p. 189 of the 1st vol. of his journey through Spain, speaking of the vicinity of Montserrat, “is rendered more remarkable by a stupendous mountain in its vicinity, described by Bowles, a mountain of 5 miles in circumference, near the village of Cordona, which is one mass of salt, and equal in height to the Pyrenees, on which it borders. In a climate like ours (England) such a mass had been long since dissolved, but in Spain they employ this rock salt, as in Derbyshire they do flour spar to make snuff-boxes and vases, with ornaments and trinkets. I carried a little fragment with me all through Spain without the least sign of deliquescence, but when I came to England I soon found it surrounded with a pool of water.”
The same fact is quoted by Richard Kirwan, Esq. beyond doubt the most learned chemist and mineralogist in Europe, see his miner. vol. 2, p. 81. But I shall confine my quotation to the Geology of this philosopher, 378 — “Many mountains entirely consisting of salt have been discovered. The salt mountain of Cordona, in Valencia, is from 4 to 500 feet high, and about 3 miles in circumference, (Bowles 406.) Fortis mentions several in Calabria, attended with some of Gypsum: several in the states of Tunis and Algiers are mentioned by Shaw, p. 299, and another in the province of Afracan, 3 Buff. Min. 890. p. 371. The salt in this however contains a mixture of foreign ingredients, the nature of which has not been accurately determined. In the province of Yakoutz in Siberia, near the river Kaptindei, there is a mountain of salt 180 feet high and 120 in length, but at two thirds of its height it is covered with a stratum of red clay, which reaches to its summit. (Gmelin. voy. 341, cited by Maquart, 82.)
In page 380 of the same book (Kirw. Geol.) the reader will find a reply to the objection why are not these mountains dissolved by streams and rains? and several facts illustrative of the reason of their continuance, but too long to quote here. I will just add to the above authorities, that in the prospectus lately published of General Collot's travels in Louisiana, an account is promised of the salt mountain there: and I have now before me a large map of North America and the West Indies, by L.S. De La Rolette, published at London by Wilkinson in 1795, wherein a salt River is laid down near the Miloufari far up the river, about the intersection of latitude 39 with longitude 96 from London.
Republicans did not laugh at Mr. Jefferson's account, because they are in the habit of reading and giving credit to common books of established authority: but the federalists who read little and know less, thereby monopolize all the sport to themselves, and enjoy to the full their exclusive privilege of laughing without a blush at all those whom public estimation has ranked as the distinguished votaries of science and philosophy.
THOMAS COOPER. Northumberland.
Copy of a letter from an enlightened Magistrate of the City of London, on a subject highly interesting to the community.
LONDON, November 30th, 1803. DEAR SIR,
As among other benevolent pursuits I perceive your attention is devoted to the education of youth, upon which so much depends as it relates to the morals of the rising generation I cannot resist the impulse I feel to send you the enclosed pamphlet, written by my friend Joseph Lancaster, one of the society of Friends, who, as yet only twenty-four years of age, has already worked wonders with respect to the education of youth.
His method of teaching I consider to be a great and important discovery, which ought not to be concealed from the world, and therefore I do not (in the circles in which I move) omit a single opportunity of making his talents, his merits and great usefulness known to the higher circles, and already he begins to attract notice, and his school has been visited not only by some of the most opulent Peers of the realm, but also by many respectable persons of all persuasions. I am satisfied, from having visited his Seminary, that this extraordinary young man can accomplish the education of one thousand boys almost with as much ease as at present instructs three hundred, which are (at present) under his tuition. By his method the progress is extremely quick, while the pupils are well grounded in the branches of education, to which their attention is directed.
I have been so fascinated by his mode of teaching, that I have established a school in Westminster upon the same plan; and I trust and hope they will become universal all over Great Britain, & particularly Ireland, where they are most wanted. It is possible that some of the Friends here may have already communicated to you the discovery of Mr. Lancaster, who deserves every thing from his country, by his extraordinary ingenuity, and for his perseverance under all those difficulties which persons of narrow and contracted minds, of different religious persuasions, have opposed to his efforts in this good and useful work, which appears in a peculiar degree to have been fostered by Providence, whereby he has been enabled to surmount nearly all his difficulties.
I shall be very happy to learn that schools upon the same plan have been established in the principal towns in America. The advantage to society to be derived from such Seminaries are too obvious to require illustration.
I am, with great esteem, Dear Sir, Yours very sincerely, P. COLQUHOUN. Mr. Thomas Eddr. } New-York. }
** The work mentioned in the above letter is now for sale by Emmor Kimber, No. 170, fourth Second Street Philadelphia.
FEMALE FORTITUDE. (From Carr's Stranger in France.)
“One evening, a short period before the family left France, a party of those murderers, who were sent for by Robespierre, from the frontiers which divide France from Italy, and who were by that arch-fiend employed in all the butcheries and massacres of Paris, entered the peaceful village of La Reine , in search of Mr. O —. His lady saw them advancing and anticipating their errand, had just time to give her husband intelligence of their approach, who left his chateau by a back-door, and secreted himself in the house of a neighbour — Madame O —, with perfect composure, went out to meet them and received them in the most gracious manner. They sternly demanded Mr. O —. She informed that he had left the country, and after engaging them in conversation, she conducted them into her drawing-room, and regaled them with her best wines, and made her servants attend upon them with unusual deference and ceremony. Their appearance was altogether horrible, they wore leather aprons, which were sprinkled all over with blood, they had large horse pistols in their belts, and a dirk and sabre by their sides. Their looks were full of ferocity, and they spoke a harsh dissolant patois language. Over their cups they talked about the bloody business of that day's occupation, in the course of which they drew out their dirks, and wiped from their handles, clots of blood and hair. Madame O — sat with them, undismayed by their frightful deportment.
After drinking several bottles of Burgundy & Champagne, these savages began to grow good-humoured, and seemed to be completely fascinated by the amiable, and unembarrassed, and hospitable behaviour of their fair landlady. After carousing till midnight, they pressed her to retire, observing that they were convinced Monsieur O — had been misrepresented, and was no enemy to the good cause: they added that they found the wines excellent, and after drinking two or three bottles more, they would leave the house, without causing her any reason to regret their admission.
Madame O —, with all the appearance of perfect tranquility, and confidence in their promises, wished her unwelcome visitors a good night, and after visiting her children in their rooms, she threw herself upon her bed with a loaded pistol in each hand, and overwhelmed with suppressed agony and agitation, she soundly slept till she was called by her servants, two hours after these wretches had left the house.
“About the same period two of the children of Monsieur O — were in Paris at school. A rumour had reached him, that the teachers of the seminary in which they were placed, had offended the government, and were likely to be butchered, and that the carnage which was expected to take place, might, in its undistinguishing fury, extend to the pupils. Immediately upon receiving this intelligence, Monsieur O — ordered his carriage, for the purpose of proceeding to town. Madame O — implored of him to admit her to accompany him; in vain did she beseech her to remain at home: The picture of danger which he painted, only rendered her more determined. She mounted the carriage, and seated herself by the side of her husband. When they reached Paris, they were
stopped in the middle of the street. St. Hore, by the massacre of a large number of prisoners who had just been taken out of a church which had been converted into a prison. Their years were pierced with screams. Many of the miserable victims were cut down, clinging to the windows of their carriage. During the dreadful delays which they suffered in passing through the street, Madame O — discovered no sensations of alarm, but stedfastly fixed her eyes upon the back of the coach box, to avoid as much as possible, observing the butcheries which were perpetrating on each side of her.
“Had she been observed to close her eyes or sit back in the carriage, she would have excited a suspicion, which, no doubt, would have proved fatal to her. At length, she reached the school which contained her children, where she found the rumour which they received was without foundation; she calmly conducted them to the carriage, and during their gloomy return through Paris, betrayed no emotion; but as soon as they had passed the barrier, and were once more in safety upon the road to their peaceful chateau , the exulting mother, in an agony of joy, pressed her children to her bosom, and in a state of mind wrought up to frenzy, arrived at her own house in convulsions of ghastly laughter.”
“Monsieur O —” (from whom Mr. Carr received these relations at the chateau of the former) “never spoke of this charming woman without exhibiting the strongest emotions of regard. He said, that in sickness he suffered no one to attend upon him but herself; that in all his afflictions she had supported him, and that she mitigated the deep melancholy which the sufferings of his country and his own privations had fixed upon him, by the well-timed sallies of her elegant fancy, or by the charms of her various accomplishments.”
“I found myself,” (adds Mr. Carr, with a compliment that seems very justly due) “a gainer in the article of delight, by leaving the gayest metropolis that Europe can present to a traveller, for the sake of visiting such a family.”
A striking CONTRAST from the same book.
Among the better families to whom the author was familiarly introduced, was that of Mr. Recamier, the Banker. The lady of this gentleman was a few years since in England, where she excited curiosity.
Upon my return to Paris, I proceeded to the hotel of Mons. R. Curiosity led me to view the house, and the celebrated bed of his lady, who was then in London.
The little vanities and eccentricities of this elegant and hospitable woman will find immediate forgiveness when it is known that she is now very young, and was married when a spoiled child of the age of fourteen, to her present husband.
She is one of David's enthusiastic admirers, and has carried the rage for Grecian undress to an extremity, which, even in the capitol, left her without a follower. In the public walks of the Champs Elysées she one evening presented herself in a dress which almost rivalled the robes of Paradise. The Parisians, who are remarkable for their politeness to women, and are not remarkable for scrupulous sentiments of delicacy, were so displeased with her appearance, they made a lane for her entrance and expelled the modern Eve from the Elysian fields , not with a “flaming sword of wrath” but with hisses softly uttered, and by tokens of disapprobation. She tells her friends that her cabinet is crowded with letters of the most impassioned love, from persons of the first fame, distinction and opulence. In her parties, when conversation begins to pause, she introduces some of these melting epistles, which she is said to read with a bewitching pathos, and never fails to close the loud recital by expressions of the tenderest pity for the sufferings of their ill-starred authors.
She has declared, that some of her lovers equal the Belvidere Apollo; but that she has never yet seen that being who was perfect enough to be entitled to the possession of her affections. Do not smile: Madame R. is a disciple of Diana; even Jan-
der pays incessant homage to her chastity.
Rumour has whispered in every corner of Paris, that her husband is only admitted to the honour of supplying the finances of her splendid and costly establishment.
Madame R. has not yet produced any of the beautiful and eloquent arguments of Cornelia to disprove the strange assertion. Her chamber, which constitutes one of the sights of Paris, and which, after what has just been mentioned, may be justly considered, in (or out of) France, as a great curiosity, is fitted up in a style of considerable taste and magnificence.
The bed upon which this charming statue reposes is a superb sofa, raised upon a pedestal, the ascent to which is by a flight of cedar steps: on each side are altars, on which are placed Herculanean vases of flowers, and a large antique lamp of gold: the back of the bed is formed by an immense pier glass; and the curtains, which are of the most costly muslin, festooned with golden tassels, descend in beautiful drapery from a floral crown of gold. It is said that the late emperor, of Russia after the laborious and successful diplomatic intrigues of Messrs. Talleyrand & Sieyes, & a certain lady, became enamoured by description with the immaculate goddess of Mont Blanc; and that he sent confidential commissioners to Paris, to report her daily dress, and to order copies of her furniture.
The story may be believed, when the hero of it was well known to be fully qualified for one of the deepest dungeons of a mad house. I hope for the sake of society, and the repose of the world that the rest of Madame R's admirers have not united to their passion the bewildered imagination which fatally distinguished and finally closed the career of her imperial lover.
ENQUIRER. RICHMOND: SATURDAY, JUNE 9, 1804.
An Examination of Judge Tucker's system of a religious establishment is concluded in the last page of this day's paper. Some remarks will be made in the course of the year, on Public Schools adapted to the condition of Virginia.
There was no Mail on Thursday, further north than Fredericksburg. Hence the paper of to-day contains a variety of miscellaneous matter.
Yesterday's Mail brought an account of some Foreign Intelligence received by the Diana from Dublin at New-York, (latest papers 19th April). A few articles only appear in to-day's paper.
The mail also brought a particular account of the late massacre at St. Domingo. We have inserted only a general description. We have reserved a more minute account of this horrible massacre, and two Proclamations published by Dessalines, for our next number.
We are authorised to state (says a New Orleans paper) that the President of the U. States, has extended his pardon to all persons who had deserted from the army of the United States, and taken refuge in the territory of Louisiana, previous to the twentieth day of December last, and were on that day inhabitants of said territory. A proclamation to that effect will appear in a future paper.
S I R, Lieut. Decatur is an officer of too much value to be neglected. The important service he has rendered in destroying an enemy's frigate of 40 guns, and the gallant manner in which he performed it in a small vessel of only 60 tons & 4 guns under the enemy's batteries, and surrounded by their corsairs and armed boats, the crews of which stood appalled at his intrepidity would in any navy in Europe insure him instantaneous promotion to the rank of post captain. I wish as a stimulus, it could be done in this instance, it would eventually be of real service to our navy. I beg you most earnestly to recommend him to the President, that he may be rewarded according to his merit. With the highest respect, I have the honor to be, sir, Your most obedient servant. EDWARD PREBLE Honorable Secretary Navy. Feb. 19th, 1804.
By Yesterday's Mail. NEW-YORK, June 4.
Captain Sanford, of the schooner Greyhound , arrived on Saturday in 16 days from Cape-Francois brings the melancholy intelligence of the massacre of all the white
French inhabitants of St. Domingo. This bloody work commenced in Port-au-Prince about the middle of May. — An account of it was soon received and published at the Cape, and immediately after about five and twenty hundred persons, men, women and children, indiscriminately, were deliberately massacred there. It was general about the same time in every place which the blacks possess. It is evident, from the care with which they selected their victims, that the plan has been long formed, and deliberately matured. — None but French have suffered, and of them hardly one has escaped. Every care had been taken to prevent the white inhabitants from leaving the island; row boats were employed to board and examine every vessel going out of the harbour. — A short time before the massacre took place thirty passengers were found in a schooner, which had got out of the harbour, bound to St. Thomas, and, with the crew, they were immediately put to death. At Port-au-Prince between five and six hundred persons fell under the bloody hatchet of the Haytians, and the warm stream of blood which ran from them, quenched the thirst of their murderers, who went on their knees to receive it. Dessalines has published a proclamation, justifying the extermination of the French, and offering fifteen days to the Spaniards, who occupy the eastern part of St. Domingo, to determine either to submit to him, or share the fate of the French; he has sixty thousand men ready to march against them, and is determined no European shall hold an off power on the island. “Tous,” says he, “did his work by us; but I will complete it.”
[Per the Diana , from Dublin. N. York.] LONDON, 15.
The Danish militia, can be raised in the field, now amounts to 100,000 men.”
The house of the Russian Chamber of Affairs is surrounded incessantly by spies and officers of the police, it being supposed that one of the French Princes was concealed in it. Pichegru was reported to have died of the wounds which he received at the period of his arrest.
Madame Moreau has at length been allowed to visit her husband in the Temple. The general is stated to have written to Bonaparte, but the purport of this letter is variously represented; some confine it to a complaint at his name being inserted by the Grand Judge in the list of Brigands; others that it was exculpatory, and others again that it was an appeal to the Chief Consul's mercy. In either case, however, the General must have been ignorant of the nature of the man he addressed, as well as wanting in respect to his own character.
WILLIAM MCABE, WATCH & CLOCK-MAKER, Begs leave to inform the citizens of Richmond, Manchester, their Vicinities, and the public generally, that he has commenced business in the house opposite Capt. Richardson's, and four doors below the Cross-street leading from Byrd's Warehouse to Mayo's Bridge — where all kinds of work in his line will be thankfully received, and executed with fidelity and dispatch. Orders from the country will be punctually obeyed. RICHMOND, June 9th, 1804.
WANTED AT THE EAGLE-TAVERN, A YOUNG MAN, well qualified to act as BAR-KEEPER, one coming well recommended, will meet with liberal wages on application to ESME SMOCK. RICHMOND, June 9th, 1804. — 1000 420.
Richmond County, June 1803. John Campbell, compl't AGAINST William Morgan and Peter Northern defts.
THE defendant Morgan not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state; on motion of the complainant, by his counsel, it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bills of the complainant, and that a copy of this order be published in some newspaper printed in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and a copy also posted at the front door of the courthouse; and it is further ordered that the defendant Northern, do not pay, convey away or secrete, the debts and effects in his hands, due and belonging to the said Morgan, until the further order of the court, in the premises. A copy Teste. D. MCARTY, c. r. c.
An Apprentice to the Printing Business.

Examination of Judge Tucker's System of a Religious Establishment.
NO. II.
IN the remarks which have been already made on this subject, it will be recollected that two distinct questions were proposed for examination: 1st. Is it proper for the legislative body to authorise any assessment upon the individuals of a county for the support of "teachers of religion only"?
I have yet to mention the influence of another motive, which eagerly combines with this active enthusiasm, and inspires a minister with a suitable zeal. It is a motive, which is not confined to the bosom of a minister only, but which extends its influence to all the occupations of life.
If then a proper degree of zeal be necessary to qualify a minister to discharge the duties of this holy office, and if this degree of zeal may principally be expected from the operation of two powerful motives, an enthusiastic attachment to the cause of religion itself, & a strong desire of admiration;
The ministers of the present plan derive a very small part of their reward from pecuniary compensation. Many of them have no pay; and few receive an emolument, that is adequate to the time they devote and the labour they exert in the discharge of their functions.
forces from which they come are inexhaustible. Every new convert which he makes, serves to extend the reputation of his name, and to increase his claims upon the mercy of providence.
Let us now reverse the medal. Let us make use of the incitement which Judge Tucker has recommended. Instead of that holy enthusiasm, or that impure ambition which animates most of the ministers of the present plan,
I will admit with Judge Tucker, that most of the ministers of the present day are by no means sufficiently enlightened and able in their vocation; and that they frequently supply by an enthusiastic manner, the absence of more valuable endowments.
several meeting-houses, several ministers, and several subdivisions of the assembly may exist in each small parish. The quota to which any one preacher will be thus entitled, after it has suffered a deduction of one fourth for the building of school-houses and places of public worship,
Let us then bring together the most important points of comparison, between the characters of the ministers, as they arise under the present system,
1. Why is the deist or the man who has no christian faith, subjected to the payment of a tax for the support of a christian minister?
2. Why is this tax to fall upon the man who has adopted the precepts of christianity, but whose independent judgment has not been able to acquiesce in the complete formulary of any one sect?
Whether then I consider Judge Tucker's system of a religious establishment as far as it relates to the support of "teachers of religion only," on the principle of constitutionality, or on the maxim of expediency,
The constitutionality of this system has been already determined. No law that embraces two distinct objects, one of which only is sanctioned by the constitution, can pretend to this character.
them to "instruct the children of all persons who do not pay a tax of two dollars to the state for three years, gratis; and all other children within the county, on moderate terms."
Book 6, chap. 10. Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy. Act. 1785. For establishing religious freedom.
Spring Goods. WILLIAM TEMPLE.
HAS just received, by the Ship Rebecca from London and York-shire from Liverpool, AN ASSORTMENT OF GOOD S.
FOR SALE, A tract of Land.
IN Powhatan county, on Appomattox River, where it is navigable, known by the name of McCaul's Quarter, containing 420 acres.
PROPOSALS BY JOHN DIXON.
FOR PRINTING BY SUBSCRIPTION, A Periodical Work, TO BE ENTITLED THE VIRGINIA MAGAZINE, OR MONTHLY MISCELLANY.
CONDITIONS. I. The work to contain 68 pages (Octavo) monthly, of selected miscellaneous prose, and of original prose also, whenever the exertions of the Editor, and his Assistant, and the communications of correspondents can supply it.
PROSPECTUS.
The utility and rational amusement derivable from well-conducted Magazines, probably will not be controverted. They afford an asylum for many fugitive essays, that might otherwise, meet with a more rigorous fate than they merit.
For the information of the Freeholders of the State.
THE following is a list of the persons who compose the Republican Ticket of Electors of President and Vice President of the United States, as published.
REPUBLICAN TICKET. Richard E. Lee, of Norfolk Borough. John Goodrich, of Isle of Wight. Edward Peyton, of Dinwiddie. Dr. Richard Field, of Brunswick. Thomas Read, of Charlotte. Creed Taylor, of Cumberland. William H. Cabell, of Amherst. George Penn, of Patrick. George Wythe, of City of Richmond. John Taylor, of Caroline. Larkin Smith, of King & Queen. John Munford, of Southampton. William Elzey, of Loudoun. William Dudley, of Warwick. Mann Page, of Gloucester. John Taliaferro, Jr. of King George. Richard Brent, of Prince William. Hugh Holmes, of Frederick. James Daley, of Hampshire. James Allen, of Stafford. Archibald Stuart, of Augusta. James Madison, of King George. Gen. John Preston, of Montgomery. William McKinley, of Ohio.
The Republican Printers throughout the State, are requested to insert the above one month.
PROPOSALS BY JOHN L. COOK & SEATON GRANTLAND, For publishing in the City of Richmond, A Literary & Miscellaneous Paper, TO BE ENTITLED The Lady's Museum, AND WEEKLY MAGAZINE.
This Paper, as the title shews, will be chiefly devoted to the amusement of the Ladies; and on their patronage must the success of our undertaking principally depend.
CONDITIONS.
1. The Museum will be nearly printed, weekly, on a half-sheet of Super-Royal paper. 2. The terms will be Two Dollars per annum; one dollar to be paid at the reception of the first number, and the other at the expiration of six months.
At a Superior Court of Chancery held at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, 14th of September, 1803—
Between Mary Ruffin, executrix, and Herbert Gailborne, James Ruffin and William Ruffin, executors of Robert Ruffin deceased, and the said James Ruffin, Robert Ruffin and Sterling Ruffin, protesting in their own rights. Plaintiffs. And William Gluck, and James Cargill Jones, and Richard Jones, infants by Charles Binn Jones, their guardian. Defendants.
THIS cause, abated as to the plaintiffs Mary Ruffin and James Ruffin, by their deaths, and heard on the bills, answers, exhibits, and examinations of witnesses, and argued by counsel, the fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and three, the court directeth one of the commissioners to state and report the credits, to which the defendants are, if so any they be, intitled, exclusive of the paper money tendered, and justly rejected in November, of the year one thousand seven hundred eighty one, towards discharging the debt, for securing payment of which, the mortgage proposed to be foreclosed, was granted.
A Copy—Teste, P. TINSLEY. May 25th, 1804. (advm) (7). On the motion of the plaintiff, by their counsel, John Jones is appointed guardian to the infant defendants, to defend them in this suit, in place of Charles Binn Jones, who is dead. A Copy. P. TINSLEY. COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE, Richmond, May 26th, 1804. THE parties concerned are desired to take Notice, That I have appointed Wednesday the twenty-fifth day of July next, for carrying into effect the said decree, upon which any their attendance is required at my office, with their papers and accounts, ready for examination. W.M. HAY, M. C. CASH WANTED. FOR about five tons of BAR IRON. The price will be made an inducement to purchase. And IRON CASTINGS of various kinds, for sale on the usual terms by the ton or single piece, among which are a few tons of 50 and 60 lbs. weights. Also, T & R by the quantity or single barrel below the common price. And also best fine and so-fine FLOUR. MICAJAH DAVIS. Richmond, 22d of the 5th Mo. 1804.