The Virginia gazette (Williamsburg [Va.]), 1771-03-21 00:00:00

VIRGINIA GAZETTE.
With the freest ADVICES,
FOREIGN and DOMESTICK,
IN CIVITATE LIBERA LINGUAM MENTEMQUE
LIBERAS ESSE DEBERE. Suet. in Tib. S. 28.
Printed by ALEX. PURDIE, and JOHN DIXON, at the POST OFFICE,
TREASURY OFFICE, MARCH 28, 1771.
I HAVE hitherto been willing to suppose that the great Delays, in collecting and accounting for the different Duties and Taxes imposed for the various Purposes of Government, have in some Sort, amongst other Causes, been owing to Inattention and the Want of due Consideration in those indebted, or otherwise concerned, and should therefore hope that proper Reflections would convince them of the absolute Necessity there is for observing the utmost Punctuality; otherwise it is impossible that the Treasury should be able to answer the just Demands of publick Creditors. Hence must arise many disagreeable Disappointments; and, what is of still greater Consequence, the Credit of the Country must be injured. They whose Inclinations naturally dispose them to do Justice will be influenced by Reflections of this Kind, and abuse of different Dispositions must be convinced, by this Time, that withholding the publick Money, having already laid the Foundations of Ruin to many Families, will more than probably produce the same dreadful Consequences in future. Recommending therefore these Suggestions to the serious Attention of all whom they may concern, I have farther to inform them, that, besides continuing to adopt every legal Means in Order to do the Country Justice, I shall think myself warranted in publishing a List of those who continue in Arrear after the ensuing April General Court, which I am in Hopes will raise a Sense of Shame in some Mens Breasts, as the Publick will be enabled to mark the Delinquents. A Step of this Sort will be exceedingly disagreeable to me, but it cannot be any reasonable Ground of Offence, after such previous and timely Notice. Be this as it may, my Resolution is to postpone every other Consideration to the Duties of my Office.
I am sorry to observe, that of the great Number of Executions I have been obliged to issue some are not yet returned to Mr. Secretary's Office; and on many others the Returns are that the Effects remain in the Sheriff's Hands, for Want of Buyers. With Respect to the former, the Officers have apparently been remiss in their Duty, so that I must now proceed against them; and when I consider it as notorious that Slaves, and every Kind of the Country's Produce, have, for many Years past, sold at as high Prices as have generally been known, I cannot help supposing, in the latter Instances also, some Degree of Negligence in managing at least some of these Executions.
RO. C. NICHOLAS, TREASURER.
From Baron BIELFELD's LETTERS (lately published) Secretary of Legation to the King of Prussia.
To his Friend at Hamburg, from London, April 28, 1741.
I REMEMBER that talking once with an Austrian about England, he said to me, "Ah! Sir, how I long to see that Country. But can not One go there by Land?" I answered, "No, Sir; it is an Island." "Aye, marry, I know that very well (he replied) but I was thinking that by taking a long, long Tour round about, one might at last come at it." If the Emperor Leopold was alive now, he would bring it "about." I could not forbear laughing at his Ignorance, and had a good Deal of Trouble to make him comprehend what an Island was; and that a Country completely surrounded by the Sea might be inhabited by a People highly polished, very happy, very respectable, and have intimate Connexions with all the Nations of the Continent. It must be, in Fact, astonishing, to those who are ignorant of the almost miraculous Effects of Navigation, to see England overflowing with Wealth, abounding with all the Productions of the habitable Earth; to have, within herself, the greatest Perfection of every Kind; and, without, a strong Influence on all the political Affairs of Europe. Horace, whom I admire so much for his Expression, and sometimes so little for the Validity of his Thoughts, Horace, I say, had a very imperfect Idea of the vast Utility of Navigation to Mankind, when he declaims against the Inventors of this Art, in his Ode to the Vessel that conducted Virgil to Athens. I would grant to Poets the Privilege of sometimes sacrificing Logic on the Altar of Apollo, but I would not allow them to broach Sentiments and Maxims that are absolutely false, under the dazzling Varnish of Poetry. This is to introduce a homely Truth to Mankind, and to procure her Admirers under a painted Mask. If Horace had been an Inhabitant of Great Britain, and had seen her Magazine, he would have made it the Subject of his Song. For have Mankind ever produced a more noble and more desirable Invention than that of Navigation! by which the most distant Islands and Continents of the Earth are connected with each other, which is the Basis of all Commerce, which, taking the Winds for its Strength, and the Stars for its Guide, conveys across the Ocean floating Magazines of Merchandise, and provides every People with all that their own Country is unable to afford them. The Britons, and other Islanders, are still more indebted to Navigation than they who inhabit the Continent. It was to them, at first, a necessary Evil; and it has been, in their Hands, the Origin of all their Greatness. The Sea, that surrounds them, is the Source of all their Wealth; for by Means of that they are enabled to send their Fleets to the most difficult Parts, with which they protect their Establishments, frequently turn the Balance of Power in Europe, and make Great Britain formidable to all other Nations. It is not, therefore, wonderful that the Sea is become the Element of the English; and, in Consequence, the Marine, and all which relates to it, is here carried to a Degree of Perfection that surpasses all Imagination. In Order to form a just Idea of it I went to Chatham, where I saw the Storehouses, the Yards, and a Part of the British Fleet. As I was provided with a Letter of Recommendation from Admiral Norris, they loaded me with Politeness; and showed me every Thing that was curious. They carried me on Board the Royal Sovereign, a Ship of the Line of a Hundred Guns. Never did the Sight of any Palace afford me equal Pleasure, or appear more nobly furnished. The grand Cabin of the Admiral, the superb Gallery that surrounds the Poop, the Dining Room, the Chapel, and the Arsenal, and the several Apartments for the Officers, the Soldiers, and Sailors, filled me with Admiration. But I was still more astonished to find, when I came on Shore, that the Magazines on the Key contained a Quantity of Rigging and Ammunition sufficient for the immediate Equipment of a large Fleet of these Ships. The Variety, and the Perfection, of all these Materials, is not more striking than the Regularity with which they are disposed. The Figure of an English Vessel is likewise more spruce and elegant than that of other Nations, and there is a secret inexpressible Pleasure in seeing these immense Buildings float upon the Water. It is needless to tell you that the Navigation and the Industry of the English, in all Sorts of Manufactures, form the Essence of that prodigious Commerce they maintain. This is easy to imagine, but it is not easy to conceive with what Ardour they pursue this Commerce. Here all Pleasures are reduced to a Commerce, and Commerce itself is a Pleasure. It is a very pleasing Amusement to me to see their various Manufactures, and the Perfection to which they are carried; to traverse the Streets of London, to enter the Shops, which join to each other, and to admire the immense Variety they contain of the Productions of Genius and industrious Art. There is no Theatre, or Party of Pleasure, that affords to me so high an Entertainment. We should be unable to conceive how all these Traders lived if we did not reflect that they were in mutual Want of each others Wares.
To his Friend at Berlin, from London, May 10, 1741.
YOUR Excellency desires that I would give you what I think the Character of the English; but I feel my own Inability to answer your Demand in the Manner your Excellency may expect. Nothing is more difficult than to draw the Character of a People. Among all the Nations of the Earth there are so many particular Characters, which are Exceptions to that of their Nation, that the most faithful general Characters frequently appear deficient of all Resemblance when we compare them with Individuals. I shall confine myself therefore, Sir, to some detached
Observations that I have made on this Subject. The English Nation does not appear to me to be endowed with that creative Genius which is attended with a lively and brilliant Imagination, that finds Relations between Objects which are the most distant from each other, and that reconciles Ideas which appear the most paradoxical; but, in Return, it possesses, in a supreme Degree, that sagacious Spirit of Discernment which discovers, with a Glance of the Eye, the essential and accessory Differences that are between Things, and even between the Images of Things; that scrupulous Spirit which, proceeding from Consequence to Consequence, arrives at last by slow, but sure Steps, to the Principle, the Foundation of the Truth which it inquires after. In a Word, the English are true reasoning Machines. This Quality is not here confined to any particular Rank in Society; on the contrary, the Artisan, the Labourer, the Beggar, reasons here in the same Manner as the Lord or Philosopher. What confirms me in this Opinion is the Mode of Expression by which these People communicate their Ideas to each other. In other Nations I find an infinite Difference in the Manner of Expression between Persons of Rank and the common People, because these constantly express badly what they conceive badly; but in England the meanest of the People express themselves with Strength and Elegance, which proves, to a Demonstration, that they think clearly.
The second distinguishing Property of the English is Activity. In Fact, I know of no People who are in general more industrious. This Quality arises perhaps from their Temperaments, from a rapid Circulation of Blood. It is not my Business here to inquire into the physical Cause of it; but it is certain Fact, and of which I have been an ocular Witness, that if an Englishman, in perfect Health, holds the Bulb of a good Thermometer in his Hand, for some Minutes, he will make the Mercury rise two or three Degrees higher than a Frenchman, Italian, German, or one of any other Nation whatever. We are tempted to think that his Heat of the Blood gives the English that great Activity in all they undertake; and as by that Means they more frequently repeat the same Actions, that Activity becomes, in Turn, the Source of their superior Address, Dexterity, and Perfection.
The third particular Quality of the English is that of Candour, and that Frankness of Behaviour which is the Consequence. They think too justly to wish to deceive those Brethren by false Appearances, by those vain Compliments which flatter little Minds, and which at the same Time are so well known to be false, and to which we give the fine Name of Politeness. We must not imagine, however, that Rusticity predominates in England, and least of all among those whose Title, Birth, or Fortune, have given them the Advantage of a liberal Education; or that the Bulk of the English resemble Sir James Roastbeef, in the Frenchman at London, and that their Frankness is attended with Brutality or Stupidity. On the contrary, I find in this Country much true Politeness, much Attention, and a strong Desire to please. Foreigners accuse the English of being civil, social, engaging, fond of Pleasure, ready to contract Friendships, and to receive Favours, while they are travelling in other Countries, but, when they return Home, to forget those very Friends, or to receive them with Coldness; and, in general, to treat Strangers with great Indifference. But they do not consider that most of these Strangers confine themselves, when in England, to London, and that the most of the English Gentry are as much Strangers in London as a Frenchman, German, or Italian; that but few of them have any House there, their settled Residence being in the Country; and when they come to the Capital it is only for their private Affairs, or to attend the Business of Parliament, so that they are constantly engaged; and, moreover, not having Convenience for receiving their foreign Friends at their Lodgings, they can only offer them an Entertainment at a Tavern, where they frequently dine themselves; or take them to the Play, and show them the principal Curiosities of the Town. But go into the Country, visit them on their own Estates, and they will give you a Reception equally polite and hearty; they will load you with Civilities and Favours, and on your Departure will furnish you with Letters of Recommendation to their Friends dispersed over all England; these will receive you equally well, and will procure you new Acquaintance. So that a Stranger who is in any Degree amiable, and known to be a Man of Character, may travel with infinite Pleasure, over all England; like a Ball, that is sent from one Player to another. Besides, London, during the Course of the whole Year, swarms with Strangers of every Kind, among whom are many of suspicious Character; so that a House would resemble Noah's Ark, whose Master should readily receive all Strangers that were drawn thither by the Smell of the Kitchen, or the Reputation of a jovial Host. The same may be said of all great Cities; and it is not so easy as some may imagine to gain Admittance into a good House at Paris.
Charity also forms a considerable Part of the distinguishing Character of an Englishman; but it has here a very different external Appearance from what it has in France. We here see no Hospitals where Duchesses by the Bedside of the Sick give them their Remedies on their Knees. The Care of this is here left to Nurses, who are paid by the Publick, whose Trade it is, who understand the Business better, and whose Presence does not lay any Constraint on the poor Patient. There is here no ostentatious Charity; for the English Church does not admit of the Dogma of the Merit of good Works. The Charity of the English is not theological, but philosophical; it extends to those only who are incapable of Labour, and not to the Encouragement of Idleness. Here all charitable Establishments are either in Favour of Infancy, Infirmary, or Imbecility. A sturdy Beggar is but a bad Trade in England. They are dismissed with a Halfpenny or Farthing, which are their small Copper Money, and of the latter of which a Beggar must amass a Thousand and eight Pieces to have a Guinea. The English count it a great Charity also to aid those who strive to bear up against their Misfortunes, or privately to assist such Foreigners as may become embarrassed among them. They extend their Benevolence even to Prisoners, and think it a Distress to Humanity to suffer them to perish in gloomy and noxious Dungeons. The Prisons of London are spacious, and contain, within their Walls, large Gardens, and even Coffeehouses, where they assemble to read the publick Newspapers, and to amuse or regale themselves.
All that I find reprehensible in the general Character of the English, for in Fact there is Nothing perfect in this World, is a certain Insensibility which, in the common People, sometimes proceeds to Ferocity, and which even reigns in their very Pleasures. Such as the murdering Chase; the baiting of Bulls and other Animals; their Races, in which both Men and Horses sometimes perish; the brutal Combats between the Men themselves, and other Things of the same Kind. The English not only see all these Barbarities without Emotion, but even pay for the Pleasure of seeing them. I am inclined to think that the Climate, their Method of living, especially among the Marine, ancient Custom, wrong Education, and other Causes, either physical or moral, must have given this Insensibility to the English, and that the Fault does not lie in the Heart.
The Inconveniences of a solitary LIFE.
IT is certain that a retired Life has a greater Tendency to make us happy than a publick One; because, in the former, the Mind is not so much disturbed by the Passions as in the Tumult of Society, and from some of the Passions it is entirely exempt. Hatred, Envy, and Ambition, have no Hold of a Person in Retirement. He sees Nobody; of whom then should he be jealous? He desires Nothing more than what he has; whom should he envy? He hates the World and its Grandeur; how can he be susceptible of Ambition? "The Multitude, and Plenty (says Charon) are much more frightful than Retirement and Scarcity. In Abundance there is but one Duty, but in the Management of many different Things there are many Things to be weighed, and sundry Duties. It is much more easy to live without Estates, Honours, Dignities, Offices, than for a Man to conduct and acquit himself in them as he ought. It is much easier for a Man to live single than to be encumbered with the Charge of a Family, and live altogether as he ought with his Wife and Children; so that Celibacy is an easier State than that of Wedlock."
There is Nobody who does not assent to the Truth of what Charon says. The Weight of his Argument will be more plainly perceived if it be considered that every Necessity adds to a Man's Unhappiness, and that he which he forms with a great Number of Persons, who thereby become dear to us; for their Vexations give us Concern, their Uneasinesses afflict us, their Pains torment us, and their Sorrows oppress us. Thus, in those of Persons with and for whom we are engaged; and even though we were not united to them by Friendship, but only by Interest, we are ever obliged to take a Share in what affects them, and their Afflictions rebound partly upon ourselves. If the great Man who professes us; and to whom we are attached, not by Affection, but from political Views, suffers Disappointment, we are involved in it as much as if he was really dear to us; for his what Manner soever we adhere to those we are related to, our Tranquility depends partly on theirs; and, how odd soever it may appear, it is nevertheless certain that we are often disquieted in publick Life by the Misfortunes that happen not only to Persons whom we do not love, but even to others whom we mortally hate.
Heaven gives us the Heart, as well as the Understanding, to part with all Superfluities. A Man who quits a great Deal for Retirement is, nevertheless, a very great Gainer. He has satisfied his Ambition, he has quenched the Thirst he had for Riches, he has forgot the Injuries done him by Enemies; in fine, by separating himself from Mankind, he has attained to that View which he would never have compassed by slaying longer among them.
Though a retired Life has some Advantages over a publick One, tending to the Happiness of Life, yet it has its Dangers and its Inconveniences. It is especially pernicious to Youth, to whom it often proves fatal to be left to themselves. Crates, perceiving a young Man walking alone, in a solitary Place, admonished him to take Care that he did not converse with a wicked Man, nor give Ear to his Counsel. It is in Solitude that weak Minds contrive bad Designs, inflame their Passions, and whet their loose Appetites. It is very hazardous for Persons to be left to themselves unless they have a good Headpiece, and a well settled Mind.
As we ought to study every Thing that may render us better Men, for the same Reason we ought to shun Retirement, in which we have Cause to be fearful of ourselves, and are deprived of all the Advantages which we may expect to meet with in civil Society. A Man of the best Understanding, he who has the Art of Contentment, is nevertheless uneasy, sometimes, to be deprived of all Manner of Conversation; he changes his Mind, therefore, by Degrees, until he loses that Tranquility of which he had a Taste when he was first secluded from a Correspondence with Mankind. Then there is some Danger of his falling into a Misanthropy, which will poison every Thing that pleased him before; and not only make him averse to Things which are foreign to him, but render him even hateful to himself.
The wisest and the most eminent of the Philosophers considered Solitude as a State that deprived Men of all Manner of Relish, and even rendered all Pleasures insipid to them; nay they were of Opinion that were a Man to be lifted up to the Firmament, from whence he might, at his Ease, survey the wonderful Theatre of this World, he would have but little Taste of the Pleasure which such a View would convey to him if he was to be always alone, and to have Nobody to converse with. It is certain there is Nothing more disagreeable to the Nature of Mankind than a Deprivation of all Manner of Society; and to think that it is possible for a Person to be really happy with Ease, in deep Solitude, is turning a deaf Ear to the Voice of that Nature which perpetually demonstrates the Necessity it has of being supported by a Communication with Men of Wisdom and Virtue.
The Dangers of a Life too solitary may be shown by the Errors which many have fallen into who have embraced it. They entered virtuous into that melancholy State, but came out of it Criminals. Before they secluded themselves from all Society they were Men of Sense, but afterwards they became Fools. They would not have lost their Virtue, or their Sense, if they had been assisted by that Conversation with Men of Probity of which they had deprived themselves; for it is to the Opinions and Lessons of such Men that the greatest of the Philosophers were obliged for their Virtues, and their Talents. If Plato had lived in a Desert he would not have had such a Master as Socrates; but, being left to himself, might, perhaps, have turned out as bad a Man as he was a good One.
Many People are inclined to a retired Life, for Reasons that are very often bad, and not duly considered. Sometimes it is a faint-heartedness, which ought to be deemed a Sort of Cowardice, that makes us fearful of doing our Duty. It is often Spite, Love, or some other Passion which does not allow us Time to reflect, but carries us away, and unaccountably leads us, we know not whither. We fly from Mankind, and endeavour to hide ourselves, thinking that the Vexation and Perplexity which press upon us with such a Weight will find Relief in Solitude; but instead thereof they increase in it, and at Length we find, too late, that we can expect no Comfort from a Course that we took without consulting Reason, which ought to be a Guide to all our Actions.
It must therefore be established as a certain Maxim, that the most proper State of Life to render Men really happy is that which is neither too publick nor too solitary; a State free from the Hurry and Tumult to which those unavoidably are subject who pass their Time with People in high Life, and in the honourable but fatiguing Exercise of Employments, and a State which, on the other Hand, has not the Dangers and Inconveniences of that which is too solitary. A private Man, who has a moderate Income, just to answer his Occasions, keeps Company with some virtuous Friends whose Temper he likes, and enjoys the Charms of Society in a Kind of Retirement and Absence from the busy noisy World, is in the fairest Way to be happy.
Remarkable Instance of Turkish JUSTICE in detecting and punishing the execrable Abuse of false Weights and Measures.
A GROCER of the City of Smyrna had a Son who, with the Help of the little Learning the Country could afford, rose to the Post of Naib, or Deputy to the Cadi, or Mayor of that City, and as such visited the Markets and inspected the Weights and Measures of the Retail Dealers. One Day, as this Officer was going his Rounds, the Neighbours, who knew enough of his Father's Character to suspect that he might stand in Need of the Caution, advised him to slant his Weights for Fear of the worst; but the old Cheat, depending on his Relation to the Inspector, and sure, as he thought, that his Son would never expose him to the publick Affront, laughed at their Advice, and stood very calmly at his Shop Door waiting for his coming. The Naib, however, was well assured of the Dishonesty and unfair Dealing of his Father, and resolved to detect his Villainy, and make an Example of him. Accordingly he stopped at his Door, and said coolly to him, "Good Man, fetch out your Weights, that we may examine them." Instead of obeying, the Grocer wouldain have put it on with a Laugh, but was soon convinced his Son was serious, by hearing him Order the Officers to search his Shop, and seeing them produce the Instruments of his Frauds, which, after an impartial Examination, were openly condemned and broken to Pieces. His Shame and Confusion, however, he hoped, would plead with a Son to remit him all farther Punishment of his Crime; but even this, though entirely arbitrary, the Naib made as severe as for the most indifferent Offender; for he sentenced him to a Fine of fifty Piasters, and to receive a Bathinado of as many Blows on the Soles of his Feet. All this was executed upon the Spot; after which the Naib, leaping from his Horse, threw himself at his Feet, and, watering them with his Tears, addressed him thus: "Father, I have discharged my Duty to my God, my Sovereign, my Country, and my Station; permit me

By my Power and Submission, to acquit a Debt I owe a Parent. ... Nature. You had offended against the Laws of Justice; you deserved ... Punishment; you would, in the End, have received it from some ... other. I am sorry it was your Fate to receive it from me. My Con- ... science would not suffer me to act otherwise. Behave better for the ... future, and, instead of blaming, pity my being reduced to so cruel a ... Necessity." This done, he mounted his Horse again, and continued ... his Journey, amidst the Acclamations and Praises of the whole City for so ... extraordinary a Piece of Justice; the Report of which being made to the ... Sublime Porte, the Sultan advanced him to the Post of Cadi, from whence, ... by Degrees, he rose to the Dignity of Mufti, who is the Head both of the ... Religion and Law among the Turks.
CONSTANTINOPLE, October 7.
PEACE is the general Wish of all the Inhabitants of this City. The ... Divan is more inclined for it than ever, but the Grand Seignor is still ... against it. The Janissaries go about this City declaring to the People that the ... Hand of God is over every Thing that has happened, and that they may ... expect a total Change in Things before it is long.
November 3. We are in constant Expectation of some great Change, as ... the Ambassadors from Vienna, Prussia, Great Britain, and especially ... from France, interest themselves in bringing about a Pacification, though ... the Porte seems to be backward in the Matter, and insists that the Russians ... should not only give back all their Conquests but pay the Expenses incurred ... from the War, as the Russians were the Aggressors, and broke the Treaty ... of Carlowitz, by meddling with the Polish Affairs.
Confines of TURKEY, November 14. Though the Pacha of Belgrade has ... found Means to raise the Courage of the Turkish Troops near that Place, ... by firing the Cannon of that Fortress on Account of some pretended Ad- ... vantages gained over the Russians, in Consequence of which they agreed ... to join the Army of the Grand Vizier, yet, on the other Hand, the Pacha ... is not a little displeased at a Declaration made by the Commander of the ... Austrian Troops in Sirmia, that he had Orders from his Court to cut down ... the Trees on an Island in the Danube, opposite to Belgrade. As the ... Turks pretend that Island belongs to them, the Pacha has despatched an ... Express to the Grand Vizier, to know how he shall conduct himself in ... this Matter.
CADIZ, November 13. Besides the several Troops, both Horse and ... Foot, along our Coast, we expect many Battalions more to reinforce the ... Garrison of this City, and to replace the Irish Regiment, which has Or- ... ders to embark; but we do not know its Destination.
THIEL, December 2. The Rhine and the Waal have risen to an un- ... common Height for some Days past, and this Day we received the melan- ... choly Account that the Rhine Dyke between Opheusden and Lakemond ... was broken through last Sunday, by which all Betuwe, Thielward, Buren, ... Cutlenburg, Beest, Renay, Acquoy, Asperen, and Heukelom, with all ... the Country between the Waal, the Rhine, and the Leck, to the Diefdyk ... and Gorcum, are laid under Water. Thus all the Inhabitants are again ... in the utmost Misery, this being the same Country that was overflowed in ... a former Winter by the Dykes breaking near the little Town of Heuffen.
LONDON, December 11.
WE are assured a parliamentary Inquiry will speedily be made into ... the State of the military Establishment of the East India Com- ... pany.
The Proceedings of the above Company, with Respect to the enlisting ... Men for their Service, very good Politicians have observed, should receive ... many Restrictions. They should be confined to the enlisting Catholics in ... Ireland, Natives of the Scottish Highlands, Protestants from Germany ... and Switzerland. It is of infinite publick Concern the exhausting the re- ... cruiting Service in the Metropolis, merely for the East India Company, ... who seem now no longer to deserve their original Appellation of the United ... Company of Merchants trading (but conquering) in India. Conquest is ... become their Trade. Nabobs, Kingdoms, and Provinces, are now their ... Merchandise, their staple Commodities; their Exports are Regiments of ... Recruits, Magazines of Ammunition, and Trains of Artillery; and their ... Imports the Revenues of the Sovereigns of Asia.
December 20. Doctor Hill's Garden at Bayswater, which suffered by ... the late Inundations, had been ten Years in bringing to Perfection. The ... Ground was first laid out in 1760, and the spacious Greenhouse erected ... the Year following. It was created as an academick Plantation, every ... Species being raised in its classical Place, so that to walk over the Ground ... was to read a regular History of vegetable Nature. The first Care was to ... bring into it whatever could be had by Purchase, whether from our own ... Sale Nurseries or those of the rest of Europe, and the succeeding Years ... were employed in obtaining what else could be procured from the foreign, ... royal, and publick Gardens; by Exchange. To this End Latin Catalogues ... of its Plants were published yearly, and by that of 1765 it appears that the ... Collection then amounted to three Thousand two Hundred and eighty eight ... Species. Five of a Kind were allowed a Place; so that, by moderately ... computing the Acquisition of the five following Years, at least twenty ... Thousand Individuals were growing there at the Time of the late Flood; ... and this being followed by a severe Frost of between two and three Days, ... scarce any Thing is left alive but some of the common, hardy, deep root- ... ing Plants. This Garden was always open to those who wanted Infor- ... mation or Help, and Seeds and Roots were given from it, with an unre- ... served Freedom, to any who desired them. Of this the curious, the sick, ... and the Physicians, can bear Testimony, who always received, gratis, ... every Thing they wanted.
A Correspondent frequently advises that especial Care be taken with ... Respect to the Exportation of salted Provisions from Ireland as from that ... Channel alone the Spaniards or French can victual out their Fleets; and ... assures us that he knows it to be a Fact, that during the last War sixteen ... Spanish Ships of the Line could not stir out of the Havannah till they had ... received a Supply of Provisions by a Ship from Ireland, which was fur- ... nished with a Spanish Pass for that Purpose, the Owners of which Ship, ... and several others, made Fortunes by that Trade during the late War.
We hear that a very ingenious Gentleman, not hitherto much known in ... Law, has some Proposals to submit to the Consideration of Parliament, ... calculated in so equitable, just, and decisive a Manner, that it is imagined ... they will terminate the Disagreements relating to the Power of Juries, in ... a Manner entirely satisfactory to all Parties.
On Saturday fortnight, at Whitechapel Church, about the End of the ... Afternoon Service, an odd Affair happened, showing the Folly and Cre- ... dulity of two many People; who, in many other Cases would be very ... much affronted at being called, or even thought Fool. A Person in ... Church fell into a strong Convulsion Fit, which so alarmed the Congregation ... that some thought the Gallery was giving way, others that a mad Ox ... had got amongst them, or another Cock lane Ghost! Such screaming, clam- ... bering over the Pews, and scowering out of the Church, that happy was ... he who could get out foremost!
The King of Denmark has now a strong naval Force preparing to sail ... in Quest of several Algerine Corsairs, which lately made Captures of four ... rich Danish Merchantmen in the Mediterranean, and have for a long Time ... past greatly interrupted the Trade in those Seas.
A Correspondent observes that amongst the many Abuses of which we ... stand uncorrected none more deserves Reprehension than the Uncivility we ... are generally guilty of to Strangers. A Lady, on Sunday last, in the ... Park, being distinguished by her Dress for a Foreigner, had immediately ... the greatest Part of the People running after her, staring full in her Face, ... and making Reflections aloud. She took Notice of this, but more with ... an Air of Pity than Resentment, and said to her Companions, "I thought ... England had not been in the Indies." As this is a Fault more peculiarly ... charged upon our Nation than any other, it is to be wished it were re- ... dressed, since it makes us despised by our Neighbours, who distinguish ... themselves by a contrary Behaviour.
Yesterday was tried in the Court of King's Bench, Westminster, before ... Mr. Justice Aston, a Cause wherein a Clergyman in Cambridgeshire was ... Plaintiff, and an eminent Corn Merchant, &c. in his Neighbourhood, ... Defendant. The Action was brought by the Plaintiff against the Defen- ... dant for the Seduction of his Daughter. The Jury, which was special, ... gave a Verdict for the Plaintiff, with one Thousand two Hundred Pounds ... Damages.
Letters from Yorkshire yesterday give the most melancholy Accounts ... of the Floods; they mention that the Waters are out for twenty Miles ... round in some Parts of the County, and that very few of the Farmers will ... be able to sow any Corn.
Extract of a Letter from Boulogne, December 4. ... "It is currently reported that the French Ambassador has sent Orders ... to his Correspondent at Calais not to send any more of his Baggage until ... farther Orders. The Remainder of his Wine was stopped there. It is ... therefore expected that he will be as good as his Word, when he left Ca- ... lais, that he would not stay long in England."
The Motions of the Troops in general, on the Sea Coasts, are not ... looked upon as pack-ick Tokens. The Garrisons of the Island of Corsica ... are relieving by twenty two Battalions of French Troops; those who come ... from thence have not half their Complement of Men; the Sickness has ... destroyed more than their Enemies. Several Regiments are going to ... Bretagne, on the Coast."
It is said that a new Mode of paying the Customs is now in Agitation, ... which will entirely abolish all smuggling in their Kingdoms.
Extract of a Letter from Chatham, December 6. ... "The following is an Account of the Ships lying in ordinary, as well ... as those that are commissioned, building and fitting out at this Port, viz. ... First Rate, the Victory, of a Hundred Guns. Second Rate, the London, ... Parsons, Prince George, and Formidable, of ninety Guns each. Third ... Rate, the Triumph, Resolution, and Egmont, of seventy four Guns; ... Buckingham, and Orford, of seventy Guns; Raisonable, Stirling Castle, ... Somerset, Exeter, Revenge, Ardent, and St. Alban's, of sixty four Guns ... each. Fourth Rate, the St. Florentine, Prince of Orange, Nottingham, ... Panther, Jersey, and Medway, of sixty Guns, and Weymouth, of fifty ... Guns. Fifth Rate, the Enterprise, of forty Guns; Danae, and Saphire, ... of thirty two Guns. Sixth Rate, the Unicorn, and Coventry, of twenty ... eight Guns, and Flamborough, of twenty Guns. Chatham, and Win- ... chester, Hulks; and Chatham Yacht."
"Out of which the following Ships are commissioned, viz. The Bar- ... fleur, of ninety Guns, Commodore Hill; Egmont, of seventy four, Captain ... Whitwell; Buckingham, of seventy, Captain Hempson; Orford, of ... seventy, Captain Strachan; and Raisonable, of sixty four, Captain Suck- ... ling."
"The Triumph and Resolution, of seventy four Guns each, are fitting ... out for Sea, and will in a few Days be commissioned."
"The following Ships are now building in this Yard, viz. the Prince ... George, and Formidable, of ninety Guns each; Stirling Castle, of sixty ... four Guns; and a new Ship of forty four Guns, not yet named."
"Our Artificers work two Tides a Day extra each, except the Sail- ... makers, who work three Quarters of a Day extra, Ropemakers work ... Half a Day extra, and the Blacksmiths work a Quarter of a Day extra."
Some Account of what passed yesterday in two great Assemblies. ... Lord Mansfield yesterday acquainted the upper Assembly that he had ... left a Paper with the Clerk of the House, which their Lordships might ... peruse, or have Copies of, as they pleased.
The Duke of Manchester intended to make a Motion in the upper As- ... sembly yesterday. In his introductory Speech he exclaimed greatly against ... the Want of a sufficient naval Power to guard the Garrisons of Gibraltar ... and Minorca. He declared our Possession of Gibraltar was of the utmost ... Service to us; that our holding a Fort in the Spanish Kingdom, so many ... Years, was at the same Time equally an Honour to our Crown and a De- ... gradation to that of Spain; that it was therefore certain, and indisputable, ... that the Spaniards would be very glad to repossess themselves of that Gar- ... rison, and would, in Case of a Rupture, seize the first Opportunity of ... driving us from it. At this Time, his Grace declared, there were but ... two of our Ships at Gibraltar. The Administration had made a Boast of ... having even that Force there, but it was an Honour they had no Right to ... claim. Here his Grace was interrupted by Lord Gower, who desired that ... the House might be cleared of all but those who, from their Peerage, had ... a Right to sit there. He observed that when Motions were brought on by ... Surprise, and the Members of that Assembly had no previous Notice to ... enable them even to guess at what they might consist of, and when, upon ... those Motions, such Things came out as ought not to be publicly divulged, ... no Persons but Peers should hear them, as, in a House so crowded as the ... present, there might be Emitters from the Court of Spain, and other ... Powers. And indeed another Reason why the House ought to be cleared ... was that Persons were admitted who took Notes of what had passed, as ... was evident from a Speech made by a noble Lord, which his Lordship ... declared he had at that Time in his Pocket in Print, and which contained ... very nearly the literal Speech made by the noble Lord, though indeed there ... were some Misrepresentations in it. There was a standing Order of the ... House that none but Peers should come there, and it was through the In- ... dulgence of the House that at any Time Admittance was granted to any ... other Persons. The standing Order of the House was then read, when ... the Duke of Richmond got up, and defended what the Duke of Manchester ... had said, observing that though it was very true any Lord had a Right to ... order the House to be cleared, yet that their doing it now would alarm the ... People, who would immediately suppose they were afraid their Proceedings ... should be known. A short Altercation here ensued between Lord Gower, ... the Dukes of Manchester and Richmond, and Lord Chatham; but at ... Length, "Clear the House," was vociferated from one End of the Assem- ... bly Room to the other.
While the House was clearing the Lords in the Opposition got up, and ... all left the Room. Among the first who came down Stairs were the Dukes ... of Manchester, Richmond, Northumberland, and Bolton, the Marquis ... of Rockingham, the Lords Chatham, Shelburne, and Abingdon.
The Motion intended to have been made by the Duke of Manchester ... yesterday is supposed to have been "that an humble Address be drawn ... up and presented by that House to his Majesty, praying that a strong and ... sufficient naval Force be immediately sent to guard Gibraltar, Minorca, ... and Jamaica."
The Speaker of the upper Assembly was yesterday directed to give strict ... Orders to the Officers of the Assembly that no Person be admitted to be in ... Part of the Assembly during the sitting thereof, except such as have a Right ... to be in the Assembly according to the standing Orders; the Usher of the ... Black Rod was called to the Bar of the House, to hear the above Order ... read, and directed to see it put in Execution.
The standing Order of the House of Peers, that none but Peers shall be ... present at any Debate in that House, has not been put in Force on a similar ... Occasion for many Years, if ever it was.
The Minority Lords have at this Time the unlimited Confidence and ... good Wishes of the Publick, while their daily Conduct in Parliament ... evinces how much they deserve it. Their truly Roman Behaviour yesterday ... is at once universally admired, and universally praised; and their Healths ... were drank last Night with great Heartiness in some of the Taverns of ... London and Westminster, by many numerous publick spirited Companies, ... who toasted them by the name of the virtuous Session.
Soon after the House of Peers was cleared George Onslow got up in the ... lower Assembly, and in like Manner, with Lord Gower, desired the ... standing Order of that House might be read; which being done, it was ... immediately ordered to be cleared of Peers, Commoners, and all who ... were not Members. The Dukes of Richmond, Manchester, and Bolton, ... and the Marquis of Rockingham, who had just come in, were, among ... others, forced to withdraw.
The Speeches made in a great Assembly, on the 6th of December last, when ... Serjeant Glynn made a Motion that a Committee should be appointed to in- ... quire into the Administration of criminal Justice, and the Proceedings of the ... Judges in Westminster Hall, particularly in Cases relating to the Liberty of ... the Press, and the constitutional Power and Duty of Juries.
The House being moved that the Entry in the Votes of the 14th of No- ... vember last, ordering that the grand Committee for Courts of Justice ... should sit every Saturday Afternoon in the House, and the same being ... accordingly read, Serjeant Glynn spoke thus:
WHEN any dangerous Innovation threatens the Constitution it is ... the Duty of every Englishman to take the Alarm, and to guard ... so invaluable a Possession. It is an Inheritance left us by our Forefathers, ... and we ought to transmit it undiminished to our Posterity. Not only our ... own Interest, but that of future Ages, is concerned; and if, through In- ... dolence or Timidity, we relinquish the former, we cannot abandon the ... latter without Impiety. If the Charges which I am going to state are well ... founded, this is at present the Case. The Palladium of our Liberties and ... Properties is undermined, if not subverted. It becomes us, therefore, to ... be vigilant, and to check Encroachment wherever it is found. Unfit as ... the Infirmities of my Body make me for taking the Lead in this Affair, ... yet I could not persevere myself to be wanting to my Country in such an ... essential Cause. If I should not answer her Expectation, nor that of my ... Friends, they must take the Will for the Deed; for, however weak the ... Flesh may be, the Spirit is strongly inclined to their Service.
A Report is gone abroad, and seems to have gained universal Credit, ... that the Judges of Westminster Hall are unfriendly to Juries. It is not ... only insinuated, but confidently affirmed, that they encroach upon the ... constitutional Power of Juries, and lay down false Law, in Order to mis- ... lead them in their Verdict. Is not this a Crime of the first Magnitude? ... It cannot be denied. I have heard it asserted, that if ever the Liberties ... of this Country are lost they must be lost in Westminster Hall. Ought ... not we, then, to be very jealous of any new Practices which prevail in ... that Sanctuary of Law? Nothing can be more evident. We ought fre- ... quently to inspect the Conduct of our Judges, and not to leave the Order ... which has been now read a more idle Form, without Virtue or Energy. ... Our Ancestors have set us many Examples of this Sort. They frequently ... reprimanded and punished the Misconduct of Judges. It would be super- ... fluous to produce Instances; they must crowd upon the Memory of every ... Man that is conversant in our History. In the Reign of Alfred the Great, ... forty of them were hanged. Thus Precedent I do not mention as an Ex- ... ample for your Imitation. All I mean is to show you that there is in ... Judges no peculiar Sanctity to secure them from the Frailties of other Men. ... Their Conduct, therefore, ought to be narrowly watched. The more ... important their Station the more active ought our Jealousy to be. The ... Peculiarity of the Predicament in which I stand will not allow me to step ... forth as an Accuser on this Occasion; nor is it so much my Intention to ... impeach any particular Persons as to move you to an Inquiry, that you may ... act according to the Proof, which shall appear.
If the Inquiry should turn out in Favour of the Judges, my Mortification ... at being mistaken will be fully balanced by the Joy which I shall feel at ... seeing the Nation groundlessly alarmed. But, alas! I fear that will not be ... the Case. Nay, I will be bold to say that it cannot possibly be the Case. ... The Misemeanors with which they are charged are of too black a Die, ... and of too great Authenticity, to share such a Fate. They are accused of ... allowing the Jury only the Cognizance of the Fact, and of receiving to ... themselves the Right of judging of the Intention. The Intention is con- ... sidered as a Matter of Law, which is beyond the Sphere of a Jury. In the ... Case of a Libel, for Example, the Jury is only permitted to determine ... whether it was published by the Culprit, and whether it is applicable to ... the Person stated in the Indictment or Information. Whether he designed ... to do an Injury or Service is declared totally immaterial to them. They ... must bring him in guilty. The Malice or Innocence must be left as a ... Matter of future Consideration to the Judge, who must give each its due ... Weight as an Aggravation, or Extenuation, according to the Nature of ... the Case. Now I am at a Loss to determine whence this Species of Law ... is derived. I am sure that it is not dictated by natural Justice; for that ... informs me that the Essence of Guilt consists in the Intention, and that he ... who kills his Father undesignedly is as innocent as a young Tree that over- ... tops its Parent; and at last destroys it by consuming all the Juice and ... Nourishment afforded by the surrounding Earth. Nor does the positive ... seem to differ from the natural Law. At least the Code of English Juris- ... prudence is the same; for Robbery and Murder without Intention lose their ... Name, and assume that of Trespass and Manslaughter. If a Father send ... to his Son a Letter couched in the most acrimonious Expressions, yet there ... is a Precedent for acquitting him of a Libel, if it appears that the Object ... at which he aimed was the Reformation of his Son; or, in other Words, ... if it be clear that he did not write with a malicious Intention. But it may ... be alleged that though Reason, and the general Principle of Law, are on our ... Side, Precedents declare against us. I will take upon me to say that there ... are none of good Authority, nor indeed of good or bad Authority, that ... militate against me. The general Tenour of our Decisions allows Juries ... the Right of judging of the Intention. Were not this Fact, upon what ... Grounds could the seven Bishops have been acquitted? They acknow- ... ledged the Publication, they acknowledged the Application alleged in the ... Information. What then could be left to the Cognizance of the Jury? ... Nothing but the Intention with which they published and applied. That ... the Jury found to be good, and therefore they acquitted, to the great Joy ... of all good Men, and to the Advantage of the whole Nation. Nor does ... it appear that the Judges ever instructed Juries to confine their Inquiry ... solely to the Fact of Publication, and the Truth of the innuendoes. These ... were seldom or never denied. Juries, therefore, would have been useless, ... if they had no other Object to examine but what was confessed. I allow, ... indeed, that there was one Judge who seemed to give a Colour to this Doc- ... trine; but then his violent and unconstitutional Proceedings deprive him ... of all Authority. Because a Jurymen would not agree to a Verdict, which ... his eleven Assesors were willing to find, he threw him into Prison. The ... rest of his Conduct was of a Piece. What Inference then can be drawn ... from his Conduct? I would as soon seek for a Precedent in the Star ... Chamber as in his Practice. Judge Powell too, and his Coadjutors, are ... supposed to have countenanced this Innovation; but that Supposition will, ... upon Examination, be found to be groundless. Need I say more to con- ... vince you that the Maxim which I am exposing stands unsupported by Law ... or Gospel? More Cases might be produced, but I hope that I have quoted ... enough to excite you to an Inquiry.
This, grievous as it is, is not the only Complaint. A Master is adjudged ... to be responsible, in criminal Cases, for the Misemeanors of his Servant. ... A Bookseller is pronounced to be, by Law, guilty, though he was in the ... Country when the Copies of the Libel, for which he was prosecuted, were ... brought to his Shop; though they were sold without his Knowledge; ... though his Name had been printed on the Title Page without his Privity ... or Consent; though, upon his Return, he sent back the remaining Copies, ... and complained of the Liberty which had been taken with his Name. ... Now, though I confess that in a civil Action the Sufferer ought to recover ... Damages, even from the involuntary Author of any Injury that he has ... sustained, yet I think it contrary to all Ideas of Justice that such an un- ... lucky or foolish Trespasser should be prosecuted as a bad Man, and a pub- ... lick Delinquent.
This is blending civil and criminal Actions, and introducing irreparable ... Confusion into the Law. If such Conduct be unconstitutional and unjust, ... how can the Culprit be found guilty? The Case exceeds my Comprehen- ... sion. The People are justly alarmed with it; nor will their Alarm be re- ... moved but by a thorough and honest Inquiry. This you will be the more ... disposed to believe when I assure you that I will prove all my Allegations ... by respectable Witnesses, who are willing, when called upon, to appear ... at your Bar. In Consistence of their Support, and of your Approbation, ... I move that a Committee be appointed to inquire into the Administra- ... tion of criminal Justice, and the Proceedings of the Judges in Westminster ... Hall, particularly in Cases relating to the Liberty of the Press, and the ... constitutional Power and Duties of Juries.
From the LONDON CHRONICLE. To JOHN WILKES, Esquire.
AS you now stand like a Teton on the Top of the narrow Pinnacle ... of Popularity, to which your late Conduct hath advanced you, I ... shall venture to make some curious Observations on that Conduct, and ... then judge whether you can continue an Equilibrium long in such a tot- ... tering State. Before you commenced a periodical Essay you merely ... filled up a Place in the House of Commons, "which might have been ... better supplied when you had made it empty." Your Finances were ... exhausted, and you fate a silent Representative in forma pauperis. Poverty ... is far from being reproachable, but pitiable, unless where a prodigal makes ... Havock of his Possessions by wicked Practices. No Notice being taken ... of you, or Place nor Pension whispered in your Ear for your Voice, ... Necessity made you violent. A discarded Party pricked you down as a ... Desperado fit for their Purpose; you cheerfully let cut upon the forlorn ... Hope. They supplied you with Ammunition, and you made such un- ... daunted Attacks with your Pen, that, had you so done in another King- ... dom, you would have been rewarded by the Hand of the Executioner. ... By this Means you became notorious. Fortune smiling on you (as she ... too frequently does on the vicious) made Interest to have you taken into ... Custody and committed to the Tower, from whence Privilege released you. ... As you was apprehended upon a General Warrant, this set the Jurors ... upon trying the Legality of that Warrant; which, being deemed illegal, ... the Trump of Fame sounded it into every Corner of the Realm, and the ... Streets echoed with Wilkes and Liberty. The like Circumstance might ... have happened to a Shoemaker at that Juncture. The Illegality had been ... previously considered, and now Opportunity preferred to condemn it. ... The impolitic Step of the Ministry in persecuting you made you thrive. ... Oppression fed you; yet, fearing the Scourge of those Laws you seem to ... revere, you fled your Country to avoid. After being abroad some Time ... Friends dropped, Remittances run slack, and at Length your Purse was ... converted into a Museum for Spiders Curiosities. Under this Situation Half ... a Hint made you fly, Neck or Nothing, over to England. The Party ... tossed you again into the Tide of Popularity, which immediately drove you ... into Guildhall, where you appeared as a Candidate to sit in Parliament for ... the City of London; but this Don Quixote Step sobering many of the ... Livery, and Prudence gaining Preeminence over their Passions, they denied ... you. Away you drove by the same Torrent into Middlesex, where the ... Freeholders, not enjoying quite so much Forecast as the Livery of London, ... you was, vi et armis , elected. Fortune still had her Eye upon you; and ... knowing you had no Capital to support the necessary Dignity, never rested ... until she got you committed to the King's Bench. Here you shone, like ... a Will of the Wisp in the Middle of a Morass. Multitudes, who thought ... you was inaccessible, stood gazing for a View; some ventured to approach ... you, and great Numbers, who were enchanted with the Sound of Wilkes ... and Liberty, crowded you with Presents.
There are as many Enthusiasts in Politics as in Religion. By the Means ... of this Imprisonment you accumulated Wealth, and procured a genteel ... Livelihood; and Lord Mansfield standing your Friend, by reversing the ... Outlawry (otherwise you must have remained a Prisoner during Life) your ... Neck became decorated with a Chain of Gold. These short Memoirs, ... upon reading, appear more like Romance than known Truths. The ... Game you now play is still to keep the Coals of Discord in a Blaze. It is ... your personal Interest to do so, otherwise you must gradually drop into ... Oblivion. If you should step again into the House of Commons, unless ... the Phenix hath been all this Time in hatching, and should then break ... Shell, your Speeches will be taken no more Notice of than formerly. ... You cannot do always pleasing; you must sometimes err. If myself, or ... any other unexalted Man, commits an involuntary Errour, the Offence ... sets with the Sun; but a Mistake in you will be construed into a high ... Crime, the Molehill will be magnified to a Mountain. Your proceeding ... Behaviour will then be looked upon with Indignation and Contempt; and ... Hisses, instead of Huzzas, will utter through the Streets. You will ... then be reduced to a mere private Man, with the Reproaches (though ... possibly unmerited) of a publick Villain. There is no Mediocrity in clas- ... morous Popularity; it will as soon debase as exalt; daily Proceedings give ... proofs of it. I wish well to all Mankind, but I am inclined to think a ... great Revolution of Time must produce this dire Catastrophe upon our mock ... Patriot. Exeunt the Epithet, as I know of no such Existence as atreal Que.

From the LONDON CHRONICLE.
MR. Addison says that when People complain of Weariness or Indisposition in good Company they should immediately be presented with a Night Cap, as a Hint that it would be best for them to retire. I own I am one of those that have no Idea of carrying either my Cares or my Infirmities out of my own Habitation, except in such Instances as I am sensible they can receive Relief or Mitigation. Why should I unnecessarily wound the good Nature of my Friend, or make myself contemptible to my Enemies? If the Communication of my Grievances really interrupts the Satisfaction of those amongst whom I am cast, I have hurt them without benefiting myself; and, on the contrary, if they only dissemble with me, it is a Species of Ridicule which my Mind is not calculated to sustain. But you will allow me to observe that I confine myself, on this Occasion, to the Valetudinarian, and the Magnifier of Trifles into Calamities; for to deny the severely attacked, whether mentally or corporeally, the Relief of complaining, would be to strike at the Root of Humanity, and forbid the Characteristics of our Nature.
To come, however, more immediately to the Point, I must tell you that I have perhaps the most curious Set of Relations you ever heard of. My Mother, poor Woman, her Affections are fascinated by their Poignancy and Sincerity; the Lofs of the Man she loved, and a consequential Decay of Constitution. But then I have an Aunt that is evermore upon the Rack of her own Imagination; not a Change of Weather, or a Change of Situation, that does not produce some present or prospective Agony. If the Day is fine, her Cares inform her that we shall have Rain to-morrow; if the Sun is tolerably powerful, she expires with Heat; or if temperate, she anticipates the Inconveniences of approaching Winter; if she perceives a Cloud, she is for running into an obscure Corner, to preserve her Eyes from Lightning; and when she beholds a clear Horizon, trembles for the Consequences of a Drought. Not a melancholy Intimation is dropped in her Hearing but she instantly recollects a Thousand dreadful Disasters she has either experienced or escaped; and when she is told of any extraordinary Piece of good Fortune's reaching People unexpectedly, she repines at the Ungraciousness of her Stars, that withholds every such Blessing from falling to her Share.
A Brother of this Lady's, consequently an Uncle of mine, who had met with a cruel Disappointment in Love at a very early Period of his Life, was so morose as to insist upon it that Women were universally unworthy, and universally unfaithful. Tell a Story to their Advantage, and he was petulant; mention them with Severity, and you apparently tear open his old Wounds; if he was treated respectfully by them, they were deceitful; and if they behaved coolly, he complained of being despised; when the younger Part of his Relations were disposed to be merry, his Head ached; and when they were serious, they treated him as if he was a Bugbear; when he was consulted what he would choose for Dinner, he was teized; and when unconsulted, he was neglected. But, to sum up all, after Years of Affluency and Attention on the Part of all his Relations, excepting your humble Servant, whose independent Spirit frequently incited him to Railery, he died, and left me every Shilling of his Fortune, as a Reward for my Sincerity.
A young Fellow, who stands in the Relationship of Cousin German to me, is what may justly be entitled a constitutional Self Tormentor; for he was so from his Infancy. When a Schoolboy, whatever was in another's Possession was always considered by him as much better than his own; his Top never spun so well, nor his Marbles rolled so dexterously, as those of his Companions; his Task was always harder than any One's else, and his Repetition of it listened to with prejudiced Ears by our Master.
On entering into Life, this strange Humour increased upon him; he conceived every Dinner he was not a Partaker of much more excellent than the One he participated. Every Tailor, if he changed a Dozen Times in a Month, was smarter than those he employed; and every Estate he heard of happier situated, and better improved, than his own, though the Rents were absolutely inferior to what he was in the Receipt of. He attached himself to a lively accomplished Girl, but soon found out that her Sister was much more charming. The Sister had a young Friend who had as much the Advantage of her, and that Friend a Relation that surpassed them all. His strange Humour and Inconsistency soon marked him for an Object of Contempt; and however, out of Respect to his Family, he is to this Day received in some few Houses, he is tolerated, not approved, pitied, not honoured, notwithstanding his Birth, Education, and Estate.
I have a Sister, which is the last Oddity I introduce to you at this Period, that is evermore labouring under some imaginary Disease. She sits down to Table without an Appetite, it is true, but then she has been eating all the Morning; her Complexion is extremely fine, but the Bloom of Nature is called a Hectick; her Voice, that is naturally sweet, is changed into an affected Whine, and her Nerves are so delicate that one of my honest Laughs is sufficient to throw her into Hystericks. I have taken great Pains to convince her of her Folly; but if I attempt to rally the Bursts into Tears, and I am hurried out of the Room, as the greatest of all Barbarians. I make daily Resolutions to renounce all Connexion with so ridiculous a Group of Wretches; my Resolutions, nevertheless (Barbarian as I am) are dissolved by their Applications to return to them, though the inalienable Consequences of our Reunion is an abrupt Separation.
Is it not astonishing, Sir, that People in no Degree deficient in Understanding, and blessed with Affluence, should be such Enemies to their Repose, instead of attending to the Distresses of others, which they have the Power so amply to relieve, they thus defeat all the gracious Purposes of Providence, where their own Happiness is concerned, and neglect all the Opportunities of doing Good, that lie before them?
WILLIAMSBURG, March 21.
CAPTAIN Wilson, from Liverpool, bound to Baltimore, in Maryland, who touched at Norfolk, says he saw a great Number of Vessels off the Capes; so that we may expect Arrivals daily, and, we hope, News in Plenty, to make up for the late Dearth. We hear he had nine or ten Weeks Passage, and that there was no War when he left England. He mounted sixteen Carriage Guns, and had forty Men on Board; and says that all the Merchantmen were fitting out in the same Manner, expecting War to be declared daily.
NORFOLK, March 6. Last Week died here, after a lingering Illness, Mr. RICHARD KNIGHT, Merchant, much lamented by all his Acquaintances. By his Death he has left an agreeable Companion and obliging Neighbour, his Widow has left a tender Husband, his Servants an indulgent Master, the Poor a kind Benefactor, this Community a valuable Member, and the World an honest Man.
LOUISA County, March 12. On Saturday last died, of a short Illness, Sir WILLIAM BICKLEY, Baronet.
RICHMOND, March 14. On Monday the 11th Instant Mr. JASPER HALKET, a young Gentleman, Storekeeper with Mr. Neil Campbell, of this Place, in attempting to cross the Creek, on Horseback, unfortunately lost his Life. He was seen by a Negro Girl at a little Distance, who gave the Alarm; and though the greatest Haste was made to his Assistance, it was an Hour and a Half before he, or the Horse (which was likewise drowned) could be found. Every Experiment that Imagination could suggest for his Recovery was tried, without Effect. Thus died, in the Bloom of Youth, the favourite Son of a tender Mother, the Friend of the distressed, beloved by his Intimates, and much lamented by all who knew him. On Tuesday his Remains were accompanied, by a Number of Gentlemen, to the Place of Interment; and on Wednesday a Sermon was preached, by the Reverend Mr. William Coutts, to a numerous and respectable Audience, from Ecclesiastes ix. 11. But Time and Chance befall them all. But whether well suited to the Occasion, or delivered in a new and animated Manner, is left to the Critics to determine.
Adieu, dear Youth, favour'd by Heaven's Decree T' escape those Ills which we are doom'd to see On Earth's vain Sons; thou, pitying, can't look down And smile at Reptiles striving for a Crown, See, unconcern'd, Globes dust'd, with Clangour dire, And Worlds crush'd, whilst Bon Vivants expire. Hence, generous Youth, who leave your native Clime, Rush not on Danger, but redeem your Time; Fix'd on your Purpose, trust in Providence, "For all's ordain'd, and Nothing comes by Chance, 'Tis Wisdom's Fool, though Deity in France."
Advertisements.
WILLIAMSBURG, March 20, 1771.
THE next MEETING of the Treasurer, Trustees, and Subscribers to the Fund for the Relief of the Widows and Orphans of Clergymen, is to be held at the College on Saturday the 4th of May. Trustees for the present Year: The Reverend Messrs. HENRY SKYRING, JAMES MAURY FONTAINE, ARTHUR HAMILTON, WILLIAM WILLIE, THOMAS WILKINSON, and ALEXANDER WHITE. Preachers: The Reverend Messrs. JOSIAH JOHNSON in the Morning, and SAMUEL HENLEY in the Afternoon. Treasurer: Mr. JOHN CAMM. By Order. JACOB BRUCE, Clerk.
THE Subscriber begs Leave to inform the
Publick that he has just opened Shop opposite Maximilian Calvert's Door, in Newfield, where he makes and sells different Sizes of Dishes, Basons, and Plates, either hammered or turned. He likewise makes and mends Still Worms, Candle Moulds, Soup Spoons, Table and Tea do. &c. Any Persons may be supplied by Wholesale much cheaper than they can import from England. He also works up old Pewter at a reasonable Rate, makes Houie Lead, and Lead Work for Ships. All Persons who please to favour him with their Demands may depend upon being served in the neatest Manner, and with great Expedition.
JOHN NORSWORTHY.
YORK, March 18, 1771.
I INTEND to leave the Colony immediately.
In my Absence my Business will be carried on in this Town by my Brother, Mr. Cary Gogley. W. GOOSLEY.
To be SOLD, on Wednesday the 27th of this Instant, at the Subscriber's Dwellinghouse in Williamsburg,
SUNDRY Kinds of HOUSEHOLD and KITCHEN FURNITURE, a RIDING CHAIR, and a TUMBRIL. Three Months Credit will be allowed for all Sums above twenty five Shillings. JOHN EARNSHAW.
For SALE, and may be entered on in NOVEMBER next,
THE LAND whereon I now live, containing two Hundred and seventy four Acres. It is exceedingly good for Grain, Tobacco, &c. and lies so level that nine Tenths may be plowed with the greatest Ease. The Improvements on the same consist of a Plantation, in good Order, sufficient for working seven or eight Hands, the Whole lying to the Plow; an Ordinary House fifty four Feet long, finished off in a complete Manner, has three Rooms with Fireplaces below Stairs, besides lodging Rooms, and three Rooms above Stairs, one of which has a Fireplace; a House twenty Feet in Length, and sixteen in Width, with two Rooms below, and one above Stairs, wherein lives the Clerk of the County, and keeps the Office; two Kitchens, one of which is very valuable; a Dairy, Meathouse, Barn, fine strong Stables, Corn Houses, two fine Gardens, of the best fawed Framing and Pales; and, in short, every Convenience that is necessary for the Ordinary and Plantation Uses. There are also, on the same Plantation, two large standing Stores kept, of very considerable Trade; the Storehouses are large and commodious, the cheapest of which did not cost less than a Hundred and fifty Pounds; to each Storehouse belongs a House for the Residence of the Merchants, one of which cost upwards of a Hundred Pounds, the other upwards of seventy five; there also belongs to the Stores fine strong Stables, &c. There are two Tailors Shops, with Kitchens, and other Conveniences, belonging thereto; as also three Blacksmiths Shops, &c. The Rents of which, in the Whole, amount pretty considerably. Besides these two Stores on my Plantation, a third, of considerable Trade, is settled (for the Convenience of their Diets, &c. in the Ordinary) within, or about, three Hundred Yards from my Ordinary Door, on Land that does not belong to me. This Place is more commodiously situated, and better calculated for Trade, than perhaps any of the back Parts in this Colony at least, if not on the Continent. To every Dwellinghouse, Store, &c. &c. (Tailors and Blacksmiths Shops excepted) are good Brick Chimneys, the Houses underpinned with Bricks, and good Cellars, and all in good Repair. The Whole of the Buildings are placed uniform, in Lines and Squares, so as to resemble a Town. None of the Buildings have been built over eight Years, and almost all the valuable Buildings within five Years. The Situation is high, and remarkably healthy, commanding a delightful Prospect of the Mountains and Country round. It lies about eight Miles from Anker's Courthouse, on the main Carolina Road, which is greatly used by Travellers, and, together with the great Resort of Gentlemen to this Place, consumes as much Liquors as cost me annually three Hundred Pounds, besides Provisions for Men and Beasts. As Persons at a Distance inclining to purchase may better judge whether it would be worth their While to come and see the Place, I think it not amiss to inform them that I will take eight Hundred Pounds for the Place, and give a reasonable Time for Payment, which is many Hundred Pounds below the intrinsic Value of it.
I will also sell to the Purchaser (if required) most of the Furniture belonging to the Ordinary, at least ten good Feather Beds, with Furniture to the same; Walnut and Mahogany Tables, Chairs, &c. &c. GABRIEL PENN.
N. B. All the Merchants, Storekeepers, Clerk of the County, their Servants, &c. are boarded in the Ordinary, the Profits of which are pretty considerable to me.
To be SOLD to the highest Bidder, on the Premises, pursuant to an Act of Assembly, on Wednesday the 15th of May,
TWO Thousand eight Hundred Acres of LAND, being the upper Part of a Tract belonging to Armistead Lightfoot, Esquire, in Brunswick County. It will be laid off into Lots, to make it convenient to the Purchasers; and any Person inclined to buy may be shown it by applying to Thomas Gibson, who lives on it. Credit will be allowed until the first of November next, upon giving Bond and Security to
LEWIS BURWELL, JAMES BURWELL, THOMAS MANN RANDOLPH, JOHN WOODSON, } Trustees.
To be SOLD, on Tuesday the 26th of this Instant (March) in Warwick County,
ALL the personal Estate of the late Major Harwood Jones, deceased, consisting of HORSES, CATTLE, HOGS, SHEEP, CORN, and WHEAT, HOUSEHOLD and KITCHEN FURNITURE, and a RIDING CHAIR. Twelve Months Credit will be allowed, on giving Bond and Security to THE EXECUTORS. N. B. All Persons who have any Claims against the Estate are desired to make them known, and those that are indebted to make speedy Payment.
To be SOLD to the highest Bidders, for ready Money, on Monday the 8th of April, at the Store of Mr. Robert Newsum, in Petersburg,
TWO LIKELY VIRGINIA BORN NEGRO WENCHES, being Part of the Estate of Captain Joseph Newsum, deceased.
JAMES PRICE, MATTHIAS MARRIOTT, } Administrators.
The ENGLISH Horse STERLING,
IMPORTED some Years ago by Captain William Evans, is full fifteen Hands and a Half high, well proportioned, and in good Order, will stand at my House this Season, to cover Mares on the following Terms, namely: Ten Shillings a Leap, twenty Shillings the Season, and forty Shillings to ensure a Colt. I have a large Pasture, under a good Fence; and great Care will be taken of such Mares as are sent to the Horse, but will not be liable for those that may get away. SUSSEX, March 10, 1771. DAVID MASON.
The beautiful high bred Horse MARK ANTHONY,
near fifteen Hands high (and for Swiftness, either a short or long Distance, is scarce equalled by any on the Continent) stands at the Indian Field, in Charles City County, in Order to cover Mares at twenty five Shillings the Leap, or fifty Shillings the Season, and one Shilling to the Keeper, provided the Money be paid the first Day of October next, otherwise it is expected the Owner of the Mare will pay fifty Shillings the Leap, and five Pounds the Season. MARK ANTHONY'S Sire was PARTNER, and his Dam SEPTIMA, a fine imported Mare; PARTNER'S Sire was the noted HORSE TRAVELLER, and his Dam SELINA; SEPTIMA'S Sire was OTHELLO, and her Dam, MOLL BRAZEN; MOLL BRAZEN'S Sire was SPARK, who belonged to Governor Ogle, and was given to him by Lord Lathum, who received him as a Present from Frederick Prince of Wales; SPARK'S Dam was MISS COLVILL. MARK ANTHONY covered a Number of Mares last Spring, and I have not heard of one that has not proved with Foal. LITTLEBERRY HARDYMAN.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in Albermarle County,
on Sunday the 10th of March, an Irish Servant Man named JAMES ORGAN, about twenty six or twenty seven Years of Age, five Feet five or six Inches high, with light Hair, his Beard inclining to red, pretty much pockpitted, and has a little of the Brogue in his Speech. He had on, and carried with him, a Sailor's Jacket of dark Kersey, and Breeches of the same, a Scarlet under Jacket much worn, one Check Shirt, and one of Dowlas, a Felt Hat, a Pair of Yarn Stockings, and Scotch Shoes. Whoever will deliver the said Servant to me, in Albermarle County, shall have FORTY SHILLINGS Reward, besides the Allowance by Law; or, on giving such Intelligence as will enable me to get him again, FORTY SHILLINGS. ANTHONY HADEN. He is a pretty good Sailor, and will likely endeavour to pass as such. All Masters of Vessels are cautioned against harbouring or employing him.
RUN away from the Subscriber, on the 14th of this Instant (March) an Apprentice Boy named EDMUND HOBDY,
about nineteen Years of Age, by Trade a Tailor. He is a well set Lad, has dark Hair, which grows very low on his Forehead, and dark Eyes; he is a lively brisk Boy. He had on when he went away a dark Virginia Cloth Pea Jacket, a light coloured Bearskin do. a Wilson under Waistcoat, and a Pair of white Russia Drill Breeches. As he understands the sewing Part of his Trade very well, may soon change his Clothes. He readily tells who he served, and endeavours to pass for a Freeman; but as I never taught any other, he cannot pass under that Pretence. Whoever brings the said Apprentice to me, in Charles City, shall have a Reward of FIVE POUNDS. FRANCIS DURFEY.
STOLEN from the Subscriber, on the 21st or 22d of last June, in York, or Williamsburg, two MOURNING RINGS;
each of them has a large single Diamond, and were for one of the Family of the Honourable John Grymes, in Middlesex; also a Pair of STUDS, Stone set in Gold, with the Letters I. G. under each Stone. Whoever will deliver them to Doctor Griffin, in York Town, or to the Subscriber, in Lancaster, shall have FIFTY SHILLINGS for each of the Rings, TEN SHILLINGS for the Studs, and no Inquiry made, but the Favour greatly acknowledged by THOMAS B. GRIFFIN.
COMMITTED to York County Jail, on the 14th Instant (March) a Negro Woman who cannot, or will not, tell her Owner's Name.
She is with Child, has a thin Village, and is about four Feet nine Inches high. The Owner may have her on proving his Property, and paying Charges, of WILLIAM MITCHELL.
TAKEN up, in York, two bay HORSES with short Manes and bob Tails,
one unbranded, the other marked with three Dots on the near Buttock. Posted, and appraised to five Pounds each. JOHN ELLIS.
TAKEN up, in Prince George, a small dark bay HORSE, thirteen Hands high,
seven Years old, branded on the near Buttock with a Pot Hook, has a hanging Mane and Switch Tail, is a Trotter, and much foundered. Posted, and appraised to five Pounds. JOHN BAIRD.
WILLIAMSBURG, February 26, 1771.
WILLIAM R. DRINKARD begs Leave
to inform the Publick that he intends to open TAVERN in the House lately occupied by Mr. William Holt, nearly opposite the Post Office, by the ensuing April Court. Those Gentlemen who please to favour him with their Custom may depend on good Accommodation.
ALL Persons indebted to the Estate of Drury Stith,
late of the County of Brunswick, deceased, are desired to make speedy Payment; and all Persons who have any Claim against the said Estate are desired to signify their respective Demands to me, by the first Opportunity, that Preparation may be made for Payment thereof. As there are several Tracts of Land subject to the Payment of the Debts, I believe there will be sufficient for that Purpose without selling any of the Slaves; therefore hope the Creditors will wait a reasonable Time for their Demands. THOMAS STITH, Administrator.
MARCH 5, 1771.
WE hereby give Notice to Nathaniel W. Dandridge, Esquire, and his Creditors,
to meet at Hanover Town, on Friday the 22d of this Instant, when we will render an Account of our Transactions, and make Dividends, agreeable to the Deed or Trust made to us by the said Dandridge in Behalf of his Creditors.
JOHN WAYLES, WILLIAM MACON, ROBERT ANDERSON, JOHN JOHNSON.
WILLIAMSBURG, March 14, 1771.
IMPORTED in the CHATHAM Frigate,
Captain Anderson, a Box of GOODS marked M.D. No. A, which has never come to Hand. I will be obliged to any One who will let me know where it is; and if Captain Anderson has not already sent it, he is desired to take Notice of this Advertisement. MARY DICKINSON.
To be SOLD at YORK Town,
THE Subscriber's STORE, and STORE GOODS, with Half an Acre of Ground belonging to it, upon which are a Kitchen, Stable, and other Conveniences; it is well situated, and suitable for a new Beginner. Credit will be given (upon Bond and Security) by GEORGE WILSON.
STOLEN from the Subscriber, about the 25th of January last,
a dark bay HORSE about four Feet seven Inches high; he has one hind Foot white, several large Saddle Spots, and branded on the near Buttock R. Whoever brings the said Horse to me, in Sussex County, near the Courthouse, shall have FORTY SHILLINGS Reward; and on Conviction of the Thief, FIVE POUNDS. WILLIAM JONES.
WILLIAMSBURG, March 7, 1771.
THE Subscriber, who has lately entered into
the RALEIGH Tavern, begs Leave to solicit the Customers of that House for a Continuance of their Favours, and he hereby acquaints the Gentlemen who lodged there in publick Times that their Rooms will be still kept in Order to receive them. He flatters himself that he will be able to give Satisfaction; as no Pains, nor Cost, shall be spared for that End. JAMES SOUTHALL.
AS the excessive Severity of the Weather for
a few Weeks past, and the late great Frosts, will, in all Probability, prevent many, who would choose to become Purchasers, from attending on the 28th Instant, we think it proper to delay the Sale of our Lands in Culpeper until the 25th of March. CHARLES GRYMES, FEBRUARY 20, 1771. BENJAMIN GRYMES, Junior.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in Prince
Edward, some Time in June last, a Negro Lad named WINDSOR, who for several Years past has waited upon me, and is acquainted with most Parts of the Country. He is a sensible and artful Fellow, about five Feet high, a handsome lively Look, and speaks quick. He was taken up by Mr. William Mitchell of York, and committed to that Jail, at which Time he called himself William Lawrence, and said he was free, and, by the Assistance of some other Negro imprisoned with him, broke the Prison. He has since been seen about Williamsburg, near which Place perhaps he is still concealed. He carried away with him a brown Holland Coat, blue Broadcloth Waistcoat, two white Linen Shirts, two Pair of Striped Breeches, and good Shoes and Stockings. As I have Reason to apprehend he will endeavour to get on Board a Vessel, in Order to make his Escape out of the Colony, I do hereby forewarn all Masters and Commanders of Vessels from taking him on Board. I will give TEN POUNDS to any Person that will certify him to me, and FIVE POUNDS for such Intelligence that I may get him. WILLIAM WAIT.

POETS CORNER.
THE IGNORANCE OF MAN.
BEHOLD yon new horn Infant, giev'd With Hunger, Thirst, and Pain, That asks to have the Wants relief'd It knows not to explain.
Aloud the speechless Suppliant cries, And utters, as it can, The Woes that in its Bosom rise, And speaks its Nature Man.
That Infant, whose advancing Hour Life's various Sorrows try, (Sad Proof of Sin's transmissive Power) That Infant, Lord, am I.
A Childhood yet my Thoughts confers, Though long in Years mature; Unknowing whence I feel Distress, And where, or what is Cure.
Author of Good! to thee I turn; Thy ever wakeful Eye Alone can all my Wants discern, Thy Hand alone supply.
O let thy Fear within me dwell, Thy Love my Footsteps guide; That Love shall vainer Loves expel, That Fear all Fears beside.
And O, by Error's Force subdued, Since oft my stubborn Will, Preposterous, shuns the latent Good, And grasps the specious Ill:
Not to my Will, but to my Want, Do thou thy Gifts apply; Unask'd, what Good thou knowest, grant; What Ill, though ask'd, deny.
GENERAL POST OFFICE, NEW YORK, January 22, 1771.
HIS Majesty's Postmaster General having (for the better facilitating of Correspondence between Great Britain and America) been pleased to add a fifth Packet Boat to the Station be- tween Falmouth and New York, Notice is hereby given that the Mail, for the future, will be closed, at the Post Office in New York, at twelve of the Clock at Night, on the first Tuesday in every Month, and despatched by a Packet, the next Day, for Falmouth. By Command of the Deputy Postmaster General. ALEXANDER COLDEN, Secretary.
I AM willing to dispose of a Tract of LAND containing about one Thousand Acres, two Hundred Acres (Part thereof) low Grounds, lying on Mobjack River, nearly opposite to Donaldson's famous low Grounds, together with (or without) the Negroes thereon, Stocks of all Kinds, Utensils of Husbandry, and every Thing ap- pertaining to the Plantation. Amongst many Things that may be justly said in Favour of the Land, it is well situated for a Negro Quarter, being convenient to Mills, and remote from Courthouses and very publick Roads. The Terms of Sale are reasonable, and the Credit shall be extended from one to five Years, as will be most convenient and agreeable to the Pur- chaser. The Premises will be readily shown to any Person inclined to treat for and view the same by William Ellis, Overseer thereon. JOHN RUFFIN, Junior.
FREDERICKSBURG, February 20, 1771. MR. Daniel Warden, of North Carolina, is desired to take Notice that it is necessary I should see him soon, relating to his Suit against West. JAMES MERCER.
WILLIAMSBURG, March 7, 1771. THE Subscriber begs Leave to acquaint the Gentlemen who favoured him with their Custom that he is now re- moved to Colonel Johnson's House, behind that of Mr. Waller; where they may depend upon the best Accommodation for themselves, Servants, and Horses. RICHARD HUNT SINGLETON.
NORFOLK, March 4, 1771. IMPORTED in the Ship Fairfield, Captain Gavin Hamilton, from London, and lodged with us, a Package of Goods marked ABML in a Piece, No. 1, for which no Bill of Lading was given. Any Person claiming it, and proving his Property, may have it on paying Charges to WILLIAM & JOHN BROWN.
ROBERT STEELE, STAYMAKER, At Mr. JOHN RICHARDSON's, Tailor, Church Street, NORFOLK,
CARRIES on his Business in all its Branches. He returns Thanks to all Ladies that have honoured him with their Custom, and hopes for a Continuance of their Favours. All Orders from the Country shall be punctually executed.
FOUND in Williamsburg, by a Negro, a Pinchbeck WATCH with a Shagreen Case. The Owner may have it on proving his Property, paying the Charge of this Advertisement, and giving a small Gratification to the Finder. CHARLES BARHAM.
FIVE POUNDS REWARD.
RUN away from the Sloop Tryal, in Rappahannock River, on the second of December last, a bright Mulatto Man Slave named SAM, the Property of Mr. Charles Yates of Fredericksburg, who bought him last May of Colonel Warner Lewis of Gloucester County, since which Time he has been constantly with me, until he ran off. He is about twenty five Years old, six Feet two Inches high, strong limbed, well made, and a very likely Fellow; he has a Scar on his Forehead over one of his Eyes, I think it is the left, some Colour in his Cheeks when warm, and has a long Shock of Wool on his Head, which he often shears about the Crown. He was bred partly to the Plantation and Farming Business, and sometimes, as he informed me, was employed as an Axe Man and Sawer, about Ship building. His Dress was such as Sailors wear, and was imported ready made, an under Jacket of spotted Swanskin, or Cotton, and is too short for him in the Arms; he had also a milled double Yarn Cap, of two Colours, and took with him his Bedding, a new spotted Rug which he had stolen, and several Yards of mixed coloured Broadcloth, cut from a whole Piece that he had stolen, the Remainder of which he distributed amongst the Sloop's Crew to bribe them to Secrecy. His Theft were certainly the Cause of his Flight, to avoid the Gallows; for he was never punished whilst with me, nor ever complained, neither had he any Cause to be dissatisfied at his Treatment; and it is probable his Apprehensions will make him endeavour to escape out of the Colony, under the Character of a Seaman. I have heard he was at Norfolk on Christmas Day, and there pretended to have belonged to a Vessel lately wrecked on the Sea Coast. With such a Story some Person in Want of Hands might be induced to engage him. Should it have been so, any One knowing it shall be well rewarded for the Information; and, if he is yet in the Colony, whoever apprehends him shall receive FIVE POUNDS on Delivery to me, or to his Master at Fredericksburg, besides what the Law allows for conveying him from the Place where he is taken up. STAFFORD LIGHTBURN, Junior.
WILLIAMSBURG, March 7, 1771. THE Subscriber begs Leave to inform the Publick that he has taken the House lately occupied by Mr. Robert Anderson, where Gentlemen may be accommodated in the best Manner; and hopes, by his Care and Affduity, that he shall be able to give Satis- faction to all who may please to favour him with their Custom. CUTHBERT HUBBARD. N. B. He still carries on his Business of Peruke making, Shaving, and Hair dressing, in a Shop nearly opposite Mr. James Cooke's Store.
WILLIAMSBURG, February 28, 1771. THE Subscriber has taken the House lately occupied by Mr. Southall, where he hopes to be prepared, by the ensuing General Court, for the Accommodation of Gentlemen. He re- turns Thanks to those Gentlemen who have formerly frequented his House, and hopes to merit a Continuance of their Custom. ROBERT ANDERSON. N. B. A single Man, well recommended, who understands the Busi- ness of a Bar, will have Employment by applying to me.
For SALE, TWENTY Thousand Acres of LAND, in the Counties of Frederick and Hampshire, which was advertised some Years ago in this Colony, and the neighbouring Provinces, and its Situ- ation and Qualities then described; therefore think it needless to repeat them now. It will be sold very cheap, and reasonable Time of Payment will be allowed the Purchaser, or Purchasers, for one Half of the Purchase Money; who may be shown the Premises by applying to the Subscriber, in Winchester. BRYAN BRUIN.
Pursuant to the last Will and Testament of Mr. Anthony Hay, deceased, will be SOLD, on TUESDAY the 7th of MAY, before the Raleigh Door, in Williamsburg,
NINETEEN NEGROES belonging to his Estate, among them a very good Cabinet Maker, a good Coachman and Carters, some fine Waiting Boys, good Cooks, Washers, &c. Six Months Credit will be allowed, the Purchasers giving Bond and Security to WILLIAM TREBEL, } Executors. ROBERT NICOLSON, }
N. B. All Persons who have Demands against Mr. Hay's Estate are requested to make them speedily known, that Provision may be made for discharging them; and those indebted thereto are desired to make immediate Payment. It is hoped none of the Creditors will put the Estate to any un- necessary Charge, by Suits, when we assure them the best Means will be used to pay the Debts with all Speed, and when it is considered that Mr. Hay has left a large Family, whose tender Years entitle them to some Indulgence.
RUN away from the Subscriber, on Saturday the 26th of January, an indentured Servant Man named WILLIAM READ. He is a well set Fellow, about five Feet ten Inches high, and speaks the West Country Dialect pretty broad; had on, and took with him, a dark coloured Duffil short Frock Coat, a Pair of blue Plains Breeches with a spotted Cotton Waistband, a Pair of Yarn Stockings, Check Shirt, and Virginia made Shoes. He is a Farmer, and understands Something of making and laying Bricks. Whoever delivers the said Ser- vant to me at West Point, in King William County, or secures him so that I may get him again, shall have FORTY SHILLINGS Reward. JOHN WEST.
Wanted on CHARTER, to load Tar and Turpentine in NORTH CAROLINA,
A VESSEL of about fifteen Hundred Barrels Burthen. For Terms apply to James Marsden in Norfolk, or the Subscribers at Richmond; who have for Sale a Quantity of good SEINE TWINE. STORRS & ELLIS.
RUN away from the Subscriber, at the Falls of James River, the Middle of last Month, a Negro Man named DAVY, belonging to the Hon. William Byrd, Esquire, about thirty Years old, five Feet eight Inches high, and very stout made; he is of a yellow Complexion, has a downy Look, and a Defect in some of his fore Teeth. He is supposed to be lurking about Hanover Town, Petersburg, or gone towards Carolina. Whoever will apprehend the said Fellow, and bring him to me, shall have FORTY SHILLINGS Reward; and if taken out of the Colony, FIVE POUNDS. TT DAVID PATTESON.
A CATALOGUE of BOOKS, &c. to be SOLD at the POST OFFICE in Williamsburg.
 ANSON's Voyages.  Astruc on Venereal Diseases.  Armstrong on the Diseases of Chil- dren.  Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.  Atkinson's Epitome.  Buchan's Family Physician.  Baretti's Travels.  British Zoology.  Butler's Remains.  Birch's Life of Henry Prince of Wales.  Baxter's Saints Everlasting Rest.  Benner's Christian Oratory.  Buchanan's Dictionary.  Brown's Sunday Thoughts.  Beveridge's Thoughts.  Brooke's Introduction to the Practice of Physick.  British Plutarch.  Baron Bielefeld's Letters.  Bartlett's Farriery.  Barclay's Apology.  Biographical Dictionary.  Boston's Fourfold State.  Bunyan's Holy War.  Complete Letter Writer.  Chandler's Life of King David.  Campbell's Present State of Europe.  Crevier's Roman History.  Chefelden's Anatomy.  Churchill's Poems.  The Concourser.  The Complete Gamester.  Court Martial.  Chambers's Geography.  Commentaries of Marcus Antoni- nus.  Califus, or the Man of Fashion.  Castle of Otranto.  Cambray on Charity.  Crofty's Navigation.  Cocker's Arithmetick.  Dictionarium Rusicum.  Drelincourt on Death.  Dryden's Fables. Works.  Dufresnoy's Chronological Tables.  Du Freval on Charity.  Duke of Wharton's True Briton.  Dundale's Ilocrates.  History of the Spanish Settlements in America.  Hunter's Observations on Tacitus.  Dittion on the Resurrection.  Derham's Astro-Theology.  Don Quixote.  Doddridge on Religion.  — on the New Testament.  Dilworth's Arithmetick.  Emerson's Mechanicks.  Fluxions.  Erskine's Sermons.  Edinburgh Dispensatory.  England's Gazetteer.  Edinburgh Medical Essays.  Epistolary Correspondence, being the third Volume of Letters on Theron and Aspasio.  Farmer's Guide.  Fox on the New Testament.  Fordyce's Art of Preaching.  Fenning's Arithmetick. Book of Knowledge.  Female Spectator.  Fielding's Works.  Ferguson's Astronomy.  Lectures.  Tables and Tracts.  Family Companion for Health.  Farrier's Dictionary.  Grand Tour.  Goldsmith's Roman History.  Guthrie's Epistles to Atticus.  Gerard on Taste.  Gordon's Geographical Grammar.  Gentleman's Dictionary.  German Spy.  Gay's Fables.  Gould on Ants.  Harrison's Practice in Chancery.  History of Cape Breton. of California. of Greenland. of Lewis XI. of the Germans. of Kuli Khan. of Classic Authors. of Miss Pittborough. of Persia. of the Civil Wars in Ireland.  Naval History of Great Britain.  Nature Displayed.  Ofmer on Horses.  Potter's Antiquities of Greece. Mathematicks.  The Preceptor. 
 Harris's Life of Cromwell.  Hurd's Dialogues.  Harris on the Globes. on the Diseases of Infants.  Howells's History of the Bible.  Howell's Letters.  Helsham's Lectures.  Heister's Surgery.  Huxham on Fevers.  Historical Companion.  Hogarth's Analysis of Beauty.  Hervey's Meditations. Letters.  Hughes's Poems.  Impartial Inquiry into Faith.  James's Dispensatory.  James on Gardening.  James's Exposition of the Pentateuch.  Joseph Andrews.  Kettlewell's Companion for the Penitent.  Kenrick's Epistles, Philosophical & Moral.  Love's Surveying.  Ledran's Observations. Operations.  London Medical Observations.  Lind on the Scurvy. on Diseases in Hot Climates.  Life of Charles XII. of Duke of Marlborough.  Lord President Forbes's Works.  Langhorne's Letters. Consolations. Solyman and Almena.  Letters on Physiognomy.  Lives of the Spanish Painters.  Lewis's Church Catechism.  Marquis de St. Forlax.  Maxwell's Husbandry.  Miller's Gardener's Calendar.  Models of Conversation.  Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws.  M'Laurin's Algebra.  Melmoth's Translation of Cicero's Letters.  Monro on Diseases.  Mihles's Surgery.  Mackenzie on Health.  M'Bride's Essay's.  Martin's Philosophical Grammar.  Memoirs of Ladies of Great Britain.  Milton's Works.  Morgan's Physico-Theology.  Marquis D'Argens's Philosophical Dissertations.  Mariner's Compass Rectified. New Calendar.  Mair's Arithmetick. Introduction.  Messiah.  Nunnery for Coquets.  Noah.  New Whole Duty of Man. Practice of Piety. Week's Preparation.  Newgent's Account of Italy.  Nelson's Festivals.  The Court Calendar, and Ladies and Gentlemen's Pocket Books for the present Year.  The 5th, 6th, and 7th Volumes of Yorick's Sermons. Dr. Swift's Posthumous Works, in three Volumes. The 33d, 34th, and 35th Volumes of Voltaire's Works. 
SCHOOL BOOKS.
 Ainsworth's Dictionary.  Gradus ad Parnassum.  Castalio's Latin Bible. Dialogues.  Mair's Tyro's Dictionary.  Lilly's Grammar.  Ward's Grammar.  Christie's Grammar.  Ruddiman's Grammar. Rudiments.  Clarke's Introduction. Grammar. Cordery. Aesop. Eutropius. Florus. Erasmus. Ovid's Metamorphoses.  Duncan's Caesar. Cicero's Oration. Davidson's Virgil. Horace.  Hutchinson's Xenophon.  A great Variety of History and other Pretty Books for Children.  Spelling Books of all Kinds.  Church Bibles. Prayer Books.  Family do.  Pocket do.  School Bibles. Testaments. Psalters.  Morocco Pocket Books, of all Sizes.  Pounce and Boxes.  The Beggars Opera set to Musick.  A great Variety of Musick, by the best Masters.  Blank Musick Books.  Musick Ruling Pens.  Cremona and Stainer's Violins, with best Screw Bows.  Silver Bases and best Roman Strings.  German and Common Flutes, of different Sizes.  Surveyors Instruments.  Best Temple Spectacles, green and plain.  Common Spectacles. 
Also the following MEDICINES, from Dr. Bateman's original wholesale warehouse in London.
 Dr. Bateman's Pectoral Drops.  Dr. Hooper's Female Pills.  Dr. Fraunces's Female Strengthening Elixir.  Swinfen's Electary for the Stone and Gravel.  Betton's True and Genuine British Oil.  Dr. Stoughton's Great Stomachick Elixir.  The true Daffy's Elixir.  Dr. Radcliffe's Famous Purging Elixir.  Squire's Grand Elixir.  Pike's Patent Ointment for the Itch and all Cutaneous Eruptions.  Madden's Sovereign Oil for Bruises and Strains.  Turlington's Original Balsam of Life. 
We have a few of the late REVIVAL of the LAWS, neatly bound, more than what were printed for the Use of the Country, to dispose of. Also MERCANTS, COUNTY COURT, and a Variety of other useful BLANKS.