The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-07-02 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM (PAYABLE IN ADVANCE)
NUMBER 16.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, JULY 2, 1805.
[VOLUME 2.]
Richmond Prices Current.
Table with 4 columns: D. C. D. C. listing prices for Tobacco, Flour, Wheat, Indian Corn, Whiskey, Bacon, Hemp, Bar Iron.
NOTICE.
THE co-partnership of ROBERT GAMBLE & SONS, will be dissolved by mutual consent, on Saturday, the 11th instant. All persons indebted to the said firm, are earnestly requested to make immediate payment to either of the subscribers.
Richmond, May 6th, 1805. RO. GAMBLE. JOHN G. GAMBLE. RO. GAMBLE, jr.
The subscribers take this method of informing their friends and the public, that they intend carrying on the mercantile business, under the firm of JOHN & ROBERT GAMBLE JUN.
They are now receiving by the ship Rolls, a choice selection of LONDON GOODS, and daily expect from Liverpool, a general assortment of HARDWARE, &c. suitable for the season--which will be sold by the piece, package or dozen, on the most moderate terms, for cash, merchandise country produce, or the usual credit to substantial and punctilious customers.
They have on hand Madeira & Sherry Wine, Cognac Brandy, West-India Rum, Whiskey, Sugar, Pepper, Allum, Copperas and Brimstone, (in pipes, hhs. and cafs.) Cotton and Wool Cards, Patent Shot, Steel, Bar Iron, Hollow Iron Ware, German Scythes, Cutting Knives and Whetstones, Ozenburgs, Ticklenburgs and Brown Hosiery, Snuff, Cuz Herrings &c.
They also possess large and convenient Brick warehouses covered with slate, for receiving and storing Flour, Tobacco &c. Those gentlemen who favor them with consignments, will find their charges reasonable, and may rely on their best exertions to afford satisfaction.
The highest rates given for Bees-Wax, good Bear, Deer, and Oter skins, and other shipping Furr. JOHN G. GAMBLE. ROBERT GAMBLE, jr.
The subscriber (Robert Gamble, sen.) avails himself of this opportunity to thank his numerous friends for the very large share of patronage he has received in the Mercantile line--and hereby tenders to the public his future services as a Commission Merchant.
Those who yet remain indebted to the late firms of Gamble and Gratian, of Staunton, of Gamble & Temple, Robert Gamble & Co. and Robert Gamble of the city of Richmond, are once more earnestly requested to make immediate payment of their respective balances. Such as continue regardless of this last notice cannot expect longer indulgence.
Richmond, May 10, 1805. RO. GAMBLE. ep3w cawif.
MRS. RIVARDI'S ACADEMY.
Reverend Sir, YOU had the kindness to allow me, two years ago, to look upon you not only as one of the chief protectors of the establishment under my charge, but also did me the honor of becoming in conjunction with Dr. B. Rush, J. B. McKean, R. Smith and A. Morris, Esquires, one of the Trustees of my Seminary.
I have never taken the liberty of publishing your letters of approbation--Would you and the other gentlemen permit me to make it known, that I am authorised to consider you as Trustees of the Institution, I should not only esteem it a distinguished mark of your approbation, but a certain means of assuring the full confidence of those parents and guardians who have intrusted their children to my care.
With great respect, I have the honor to be, Reverend Sir, Your very humble and ob't servant, MARIA RIVARDI.
The Right Reverend Dr. White.
Madam, The high opinion we entertain of your qualifications for the arduous and diversified duties of the institution under your direction, and the evidences which have been preferred to us, at examinations, of the improvement of the young Ladies, who possess the advantage of being your pupils, induce us to comply with your request, by the present testimony of our approbation of your Seminary, and to express our wishes for the success of an institution so useful to our city, and so honorable to you. We are, Madam, Your very humble servants, WILLIAM WHITE, BENJAMIN RUSH, J. B. M'KEAN, ROBERT SMITH, ANTHONY MORRIS.
Mrs. RIVARDI. Philadelphia, April 24. (62awl.)
BROKER'S OFFICE.
THE subscriber informs the Citizens of Richmond and the public in general, that he has taken the house, next door to Mr. William Austin's, lower end of the Basin, where he transacts the BROKERAGE and COMMISSION BUSINESS in all their various branches.
The subscriber, being desirous of making a division of their lands, will dispose of the above on advantageous terms to the purchaser, for cash or on credit. This tract contains 1424 acres; an excellent grist-mill; good and convenient buildings, that are ensured in the Mutual Assurance Company of this state against fire;
June 18. GEORGE WILY. (epf)
WILL be given for 12 or 15 BOYS, from 7 to 15 years old. Enquire of the Printers. Dec. 15. [epf]
WASHINGTON TAVERN.
THE subscriber will continue to keep a house of ENTERTAINMENT for genteel company, only; He flatters himself, as he is well provided to give general satisfaction as any person in his line in the place. There is a Mail Stage established, which runs from Richmond to his house once a week, and for the accommodation of the public, he has an excellent hack, horses and driver.
Staunton, June 21. (5 3t) J. EDMONDSON.
MILITARY CERTIFICATES.
FOR SALE, Certificates of this State, bearing interest of 6 per cent. and receivable at the Treasury, for all arrears of taxes, prior to the year 1798. WILLIAM PRICE, Cashr. Genl. M. A. S. May 10. (epf)
IRISH LINENS, &c.
WE have received, by the late arrivals, an extensive assortment of-- 7-8 and 4-4 IRISH LINEN, 5-4 IRISH SHEETING, 3-4 and 8-4 NAPERS, and DIAPER TABLE CLOTHS; which, in addition to other goods, are offered for sale at our usual low prices. GILLILT & KIRBY. June 14. (epfw)
BY virtue of two acts of trust executed to the subscribers by John Henderson, to secure the payment of a debt due him by Thomas Galt, jun. and William Galt, WILL BE SOLD, at public auction, on Saturday the 20th inst., at James Lewis' tavern in the town of Charlottesville, for ready money: The Interest paid John in and to the following SLAVES, to wit: Tiller, Milly, Biddy and Washington; so many thereof as will be sufficient to satisfy the aforesaid debts, with interest and costs. JAMES LEWIS. THOS. GALT, sen. DAVID ANDERSON, } Trustees. Charlottesville, June 4, '05. (ep3w)
ALL persons having claims against the estate of the late Rev. Robt. Ware, dec'd. of Middlesex county, are desired to bring them forward, properly authenticated, on or before the first day of September next, otherwise its advertisement will be plead in bar against all claims exhibited, after that date; as the subscriber intends to close his administration account as soon as possible. EDWARD WARE. Admix with the will annexed. Essex, May 31. (epim)
MOUNTAIN FOR SALE.
THE subscriber offers for sale, his plantation in Northumberland county, known by the name of MOUNTAIN. The above tract contains about 500 acres, all of which is equal to any land that part of the country is capable of producing, and has very requisite to make it a desirable situation for a gentleman's seat. There is on the land an excellent brick dwelling-house, with every convenience out-house; it is situated on navigable waters of the Potomac, and commands an easy view of the river; it is very convenient to a grist-mill, &c. and is within one day's sail of Alexandria, Norfolk and Baltimore. Terms of the sale will be made known, upon application to Mr. Henry Ball, who resides on the place, or to the subscriber. J. KELL JONES. May 3. epf.
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.
Will be Sold, to the highest bidder, on premises, on Friday the 12th of July next: THE TENEMENT formerly occupied by James Harris, belonging to the Jam. River Company; containing one acre of Land, with a Dwelling House thereon, which, with a small appurtenance, may be made to accommodate a family comfortably. The Tenement borders on the Cal, and has the advantage of an excellent spring of water, and affords a prospect not surpassed by any in the neighbourhood of this city. A credit of twelve months will be allowed the purchaser, on giving bond with approved security. By order of the President and Directors, ROBERT PILLARD. June 21. (tds)
ELLIS & ALLAN
Have received by the Rolls from London, part of their SPRING GOODS amongst which are the following descs: 1. ONSON Superfine Cloths and Calicoes, Quiltings and Dimities, Handsome fashionable worked & laced Quilts, 3-4, 8-4 and 10-4 Diapers, 8-4, 8-10 and 10-16 Damask Table Cloths, Gentlemen's white and brown Cotton Stockings, Ladies' elegant laced white do. Do. Tortoise-shell bent and braid Combs, Chintzes, Calicoes and Furniture Gentlemen's black fashionable Hats, Do. drab beaver do. Do. do. patent silk do. Umbrellas, Boy's Morocco Caps, plain and furr'd, Belt Hemp Belts, English White Lead, Spanish Brown, Yellow cre, ground in oil, and Verdigris, Prussian and Fig Blue, But Boiled Oil in jars, Durham Mustard, &c. &c. Which, added to their present stock, and those expected (daily) from Liverpool, will render their assortment general. May 7. (ep)
JUST RECEIVED,
FOR SALE BY THE SUBSCRIBER, FOUR hundred pieces House Paper, Philadelphia Beer by the barrel, a small quantity of first quality New-England Cheese also 400 barrels Corn. EDWARD HALLAM. ALSO--5000 wt. Salt Petre--BACON;--an abundant supply of FRESH CORN MEAL. June 18. (ep)
FOR SALE,
The TRACT of LAND on which Chesherfield court-house is situated. THE subscribers, being desirous of making a division of their lands, will dispose of the above on advantageous terms to the purchaser, for cash or on credit. This tract contains 1424 acres; an excellent grist-mill; good and convenient buildings, that are ensured in the Mutual Assurance Company of this state against fire; the situation inferior to none in this state for the man of public business, or the planter. Many other advantages, ingularly inviting, might be particularized, but we deem it unnecessary to say more, than to invite those who wish to purchase, to come and view the premises. V. WINFREE, jun. Wm. WINFREE. Chesterfield, June 25, 1805. (epf)
June 18. GEORGE WILY. (epf)
Sales at Auction.
Will be sold on the premises, on Wednesday the 2d day of July next: A LOT on Shockoe-hill, No. 584, adjoining the lot whereon Mr. Samuel Greenhow lives. The terms of sale will be, one hundred pounds cash, the remainder in twelve months; to secure which a deed of trust upon the lot will be expected. THOMAS TAYLOR & CO. V. M. (tds) June 14.
Sales at Auction.
On Wednesday the 10th of July will be sold by the subscribers, at XI o'clock, on the premises, on a credit of six months, for notes with approved security: THREE very handsome HALF-ACRE LOTS known in the plot of Major William Duvall by the numbers 37, 38 and 39. PROSSER & MONCURE. (tds) June 28.
FOR CHERBOURG,
THE Capt. bottom'd ship MARTHA, Capt. PETRIE, burthen about 650 bds. having two thirds her cargo now engaged, is expected to sail about the 15th July, and will take 100 or 150 bds. tobacco on a moderate freight. For terms apply to JOHN NEWELL, Jr. Norfolk, or BROWN, RIVES & Co. Richmond. (epfw) May 31.
By virtue of a decree of the superior court of chancery for the Richmond district, will be sold at Hanover court-house, on Wednesday the 24th day of July next, (being Hanover court day) to the highest bidder for ready money, a tract of LAND belonging to the estate of Richard Littlepage, dec'd. being the land he purchased of Henry and Elizabeth Watkins, and the same on which he resided at the time of his death, containing by estimation four hundred and sixty four acres on Mechanics creek, subject to the dower of Mrs. Nancy Burrus, to satisfy a debt due Col. Christopher Tompkins. It is stated that there is a good mill on the land. THE COMMISSIONERS. Hanover, June 28. (ep6t.)
NEAL NELSON,
BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND, MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use. Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale. Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot. A--the length of the Boot.....C--round the Calf.....B--the pitch of ditto.....D--round the heel and instep.....E--round the instep.....G--across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe--set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. January 1. epf
BENJAMIN DUVAL, AT THE SIGN OF THE GOLDEN MORTAR, RICHMOND, HAS just received a very large and extensive assortment of fresh MEDICINES, SURGEON'S INSTRUMENTS, DRUGS and DYE-STUFFS, PAINTS of all kinds, OIL, VARNISHES, PUTTY, &c. Also a complete assortment of HATTERS' MATERIALS, CONSISTING OF Hatters' Irons, Legwood, Copperas, Virdegreafe, Fuflick, Spanish Indigo, Oil of Vitriol, Aqu. Fortis, Quickfilver, Crude Tartar, Bacon Irons, Bow-Strings, Limbing, Galoons, Taffet Bands, Rubbing Dishes, Stumpers, Trenchers, &c. Which added to his former stock, completes an assortment that was never equalled in his line of business, in this city. He thanks his customers for past favors, and hopes to merit a continuation of their custom. His former attention to the quality of his Medicines, importing them in their crude state, that he might be able to judge of their quality, and powdering and preparing them under his immediate inspection, have contributed to his present establishment; and opposition he presumes will not relax his exertions to give general satisfaction in future. His experience for more than 12 years past, as Apothecary and Druggist in this city, added to a small flock of Medical Information acquired before, enables him, he thinks, to form a tolerably correct judgment as to the quality of Drugs and Medicines, although he cannot boast of honors conferred on him, greater than the confidence of numerous and respectable customers. In regard to his wholesale prices, he promises to furnish each of his wholesale customers with a printed price current, as soon as possible, and feels himself confident in their approbation, knowing that no one in this state can afford to under-sell him. This he intends to do, not to get others' customers from them, but to secure his own. Any articles that may be ordered, and not approved of as to quality, may be returned if in good order, and in a reasonable time. June 7. (3w&f)
BROKER'S OFFICE.
THE Subscriber has opened a Broker's Office, opposite the Union Tavern, and over the Counting-house of Thomas and Ames Ladd. All business confided to him, will be transacted with strict fidelity. THOMAS NORVELL.
ANCHES-OLD TURNPIKE.
Also--Old State Certificates, bearing six per cent interest. March 12. (f)
URR MILL STONES, OF ALL SIZES; and
PLAISTER OF PARIS, of an excellent quality, FOR SALE, AS USUAL, AT WILLIAM DAVIDSON, near the Market. (epf)
A FEW HUNDRED EXCELLENT
QUILLS
FOR SALE AT THE ENQUIRER OFFICE.
JUST PUBLISHED--AND FOR SALE AT RITCHIE & WORSLEY'S BOOK-STORE:
THE DEBATES AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS OF THE VIRGINIA CONVENTION. The Publishers will thank those subscribers, who can make it convenient, to call or send for their books. [June 18.]
VIRGINIA.
In the Superior Court of Chancery held in Richmond, Between Thomas Price and John Sandridge, Plaintiffs. And Alexander Outlaw, senior, and Alexander Outlaw, junior, Defendants.
ON motion of the defendant, Alexander Outlaw, junior, by counsel, this cause is ordered to be re-docketed; thereupon the said defendant filed his answer, to which the plaintiffs replied generally, and commissions are awarded the plaintiffs and the said defendant, to examine and take the depositions of their witnesses; and on the further motion of the said defendant, the court referreth the accounts, between him and the plaintiffs in this suit, to one of its commissioners, to be by him examined, stated, settled, and to the court reported with any special matters thought pertinent by himself, or required by the parties to be specially stated. A Copy. Teste, PETER T. NIPLE, C. C.
COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE,
Richmond, 15th May, 1805. THE parties will Take Notice, that I have appointed the twenty-ninth day of July next, to commence the account directed by the annexed decretal Order of the Court--on which day they are requested to attend at my office in this city, with the accounts & vouchers prepared, and ready for examination and settlement--and with copies of the court papers. SAMUEL GREENHOW, M. C. May 21. (f)
A NEW SYSTEM OF
MODERN GEOGRAPHY:
OR a general Description of the most remarkable countries throughout the known world; their respective situations, extent, divisions, cities, rivers, mountains, soils and productions; their commerce, manners, customs and religions, together with their principal historical events and political importance in the great commonwealth of nations; compiled from the most modern systems of Geography, and the latest voyages and travels, and containing many important additions to the Geography of the United States that have never appeared in any other work of the kind, illustrated with eight maps, comprising the latest discoveries, and engraved by the first American artists, designed particularly for the use of schools. BY BENJAMIN DAVIES.
Pleadings of Council,
ON THE
IMPEACHMENT OF JUDGE CHASE.
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22. (Continued.)
MR. KEY.
Mr. President,
I rise to make some observations on the second, third and fourth articles of the impeachment. I shall not apologize for the manner in which I shall discharge a duty which I have voluntarily undertaken, but merely regret that indisposition has prevented my giving the subject that attention which it merits--It will be at once perceived, that these articles relate to the trial of Callender. Before, however, I go into an examination of the second article, it may be proper to notice the situation in which the judge found himself and the state of the public mind at the time. The sedition law was passed in the year 1799--It immediately arrested the public attention, and strongly agitated the public feelings. In the state of Virginia it was peculiarly obnoxious; many of the most respectable characters considered it as unconstitutional, and as a violation of the liberty of the press; most deemed it impolitic; while some viewed it as a salutary restraint on the licentiousness of the press more calculated to preserve than to destroy it. In this state of the public mind, it became the duty of the respondent, in the ordinary assignment of judicial districts, to go into the district of Virginia, where he was entirely a stranger, to carry the laws into execution. It is scarcely necessary to observe, that when laws are considered obnoxious, much of the odium attending them inevitably falls on those who carry them into effect. In May 1800, judge Chase went to Richmond to hold a court; and soon after it was in session, the grand jury found a presentment and afterwards a bill against James Thompson Callender for an infraction of this law, in publishing the book entitled The Prospect Before Us, which brought into issue its constitutionality. Professional men of talents, carried along by the tide of public opinion, volunteered their services in defence of the accused; and every effort was exhausted to wrest the decision from the respondent. Exceptions were accordingly taken at every stage of the case, and when the jurors were brought to the book, a question arose which forms the foundation of the charge contained in the second article. I will in the first place read the article; then state the law and the fact in the case referred to; and show that if both are against us, still the respondent is not guilty of the charge contained in it.
The second article states "that, prompted by a similar spirit of persecution and injustice, at a circuit court of the United States, held at Richmond, in the month of May 1800, for the district of Virginia, whereat the said Samuel Chase presided, and before which a certain James T. Callender was arraigned for a libel on John Adams, then president of the United States, the said Samuel Chase, with intent to oppress and procure the conviction of the said Callender, did over-rule the objection of John Bassett, one of the jury, who wished to be excused from serving on the said trial, because he had made up his mind, as to the publication from which the words, charged to be libelous, in the indictment, were extracted; and the said Chase was accordingly sworn and did swear on the said jury by whose verdict the prisoner was subsequently convicted."
If we extract from this article the epithets it contains nothing will remain; and epithets fortunately do not constitute crimes.
The offence to be proven on the jury with an intention to oppress the traveler, which is not in the least supported by the testimony. The article alleges that Mr. Bassett wished to be excused. I appeal to the testimony, whether he did wish or desire to be excused. The observations he made arose entirely from a temple on his own mind, and not from any objection to serving. Instead of his wishing to be excused, the real fact is that what he said flowed from the peculiar situation in which he stood; and he lays that he was declared himself willing to serve, provided in law he was competent. The fact, therefore, on which this article rests, is not supported by the testimony, and not being supported, I might further dismiss this branch of the subject without further animadversion. But I cannot, consistently with my duty, stop here, or omit proceeding to show that the arguments of the honorable managers are as unfounded in law as their animadversions are destitute of proof. Let us then examine the law on this case. To sustain the article, the honorable managers must prove three points.
1. That Mr. Bassett objected to serving. 2. That in point of law he ought not to have been admitted on the jury; and 3. That his objections to serving were overruled from a corrupt intention on the part of the respondent to oppress and procure the conviction of the traveler. It is necessary here to examine the ancient doctrine of challenges. The law of challenges presents itself to our view in a twofold character, the one a challenge to the array, which goes to vitiate the whole jury; the other an objection to a particular juror. In this case there was no serious challenge made to the array. My observations will therefore be directed to the latter species of challenge, that of individual jurors, which is made by excepting to an individual when he is presented to be sworn. In this case no such exception was made to Mr. Bassett.
When a juror is challenged, there are two modes of trying whether he stands indifferent. One mode is by two triers consisting of the two jurors first sworn. Callender's counsel did not avail themselves of this mode. The other mode is to swear the individual offered as a juror, and interrogate him as to his indifference. Here I cannot avoid expressing my surprise at the law laid down by the honorable managers. No part of law is more certain than that a juror to be indifferent, need not have refrained from having expressed an opinion either upon the law or the fact involved in the case he is to try; and that he is only rendered incapable by favor or malice.
The great principle which the counsel laid down was that jurors should be impartial; but that the subject of investigation in this article; what are the facts? That Judge Chase put this question to the juror, "have you formed and delivered an opinion on the charges contained in the indictment?" The juror answered in the negative and was sworn. Gentlemen say the question should not have been formed and delivered, but formed or delivered; and that this was the question on the trial of Fries. I mean to show that there is no difference between the two expressions. I mean to show that if the juror had both formed and delivered an opinion, this would not have incapacitated him. The oath of trial per pais 179, Salkeld 144 states the oath of a trier to be, "you shall well and truly try, whether A (the juror challenged) stands indifferent between the parties to this issue."
But the counsel were not willing to determine the competency of a juror by this oath; and therefore gave the decision to the court. They contend, however, that the indictment ought to have been read. But though on the facts the juror may have made up his mind, the offence consisted in the intention, and therefore the forming an opinion on the former did not imply a judgment on the latter. Is there a man that does not believe that when one person kills another with malice prepense, he perpetrates murder? Is not the intention the guilt of the offence? And, yet I can produce authorities to show that although a juror in a criminal case give a verdict on the fact and the law, this is considered as no objection to his serving as a juror in similar cases.
In Rolle's abridgement, title trial, folio 657, it is laid down that "if a juror has said that he will find for one of the parties, it is a good cause of challenge for favor, if he do not speak from favor; but if he did not speak it out of favor, but from his knowledge of the matter in issue, it is not a good cause of challenge."
In the same folio, it is also laid down as law, "that it is no cause of challenge to a juror, that he hath said, that he will find his verdict for one of the parties, if it is not found by the triers or the court, that he spoke from favour, and not from the truth of the fact."
In folio 655, and in trials per pais, it is laid down, "that if a juror hath twenty times declared that he will find for one of the parties, it is not a principal challenge, because he might have spoken it from his knowledge of the matter in issue, and not out of favour or malice."
In Kelcyng, folio 9, we find a cause where a juror had formed a verdict of guilty against a person, and another person was tried on the same indictment for the same offence; in which an objection on that account to the juror was overruled. The objection in this case was overruled--why? Because the juror stood indifferent. Could then any answer of Bassett to the question pronounced to him evince any degree of partiality, or that his mind was not in a state of indifference as to the issue of the trial? Having formed an opinion that a particular writing constituted a libel, did not preclude him from forming an upright opinion on the law and the fact. How had Bassett formed an opinion? Simply from seeing certain passages, in a newspaper, which purported to be taken from The Prospect Before Us. Did he not then stand impartial so far as respected the ascertainng whether those passages were authentic, whether Callender was the author? If edited with intent to defame? Further, was there not another decision to be made, whether the matter was false and malicious. The essence of the offence consisted in the intention. On all these points the mind of Bassett was perfectly free from partiality. To the authorities I have cited I will add one derived from our country, in which all the doctrines I have contended for are expressly recognized in the death.

in the State of Connecticut, to be found in Kirby's reports, p. 427; "as to the other point; an opinion formed and declared upon a general principle of law does not disqualify a juror to sit on a case, where that principle applies. Jurors are judges of the law as well as of the fact, as relative to the issues put to them, and are supposed to have opinions of what the law is, tho' a willingness to change them, if reason appears in the course of the trial. They may all be challenged on one side or the other, if having an opinion of the law in the case is ground of challenge. It is enough in point of indifference, that jurors have no interest of their own affected, and no personal bias or prepossession, in favor or against either party, and not requisite that they should be ignorant of the case, or unopinionated as to the rules and principles on which it is to be decided. It has been adjudged (23 Can. K. B.) not to be a sufficient cause of challenge, that a juror had declared his opinion concerning the title of the land in question; so also that the jury have found others guilty on the same indictment; or that a juror has declared his opinion that the party is guilty, and will be hung, if it appears he made such declaration from his knowledge of the cause, and not out of ill will to the party. 2 Hawk. P. C. 418."
I trust the authorities I have adduced fully show, that in point of law there was no valid objection to Mr. Basset as a juror, and that the illegality charged against Judge Chase on this account falls to the ground.
I will now turn to an authority cited by one of the hon. managers—3 Bacon 756—[Mr. Key here read the case.]
We find that all the causes of challenge here recited go to evince partiality, or in the language of the ancients books, "favor or malice." If the having formed and delivered an opinion on the law were a good cause for challenge, no capital case could come before an unprejudiced jury. The only question in such cases is whether the facts proved come up to the charge. For such is the interest men take in the commission of great crimes that every man forms an opinion on them.
Something has been said of the trial of Logwood for forging the currency of the bank of the United States. There is probably no man of information that has not heard something of the subject, or made up his opinion on the illegality of counterfeiting. But does it follow that the having formed such an opinion could disqualify a man from serving as a juror in the case? If this were so, it would follow that he who had formed the most correct opinion on the laws of his country would be the most incompetent, while he who was the most ignorant of them, would be the most competent juror. It appears that if Mr. Basset had even answered in the affirmative to the question put to him, supposing the indictment to have been previously published, it would not have destroyed his competency as a juror, because he, notwithstanding, stood perfectly impartial as to the facts to be proved and the law arising on them.
Believing that no subtlety or ingenuity can shake the principle I have laid down, or establish a contrary principle, I feel full confidence in having shown the legality of the opinion laid down by the court; and I do believe that a more correct opinion was never delivered.
Suppose we are mistaken in the fact, which we say is proved, that Mr. Basset did not desire to be excused; admit that he did pray to be excused, still so far as he has himself on oath explained the situation of his mind, there was no cause for challenge.
Admit also that we are mistaken in the law we have laid down, does it follow as a necessary consequence that the directing Basset to be sworn on the jury was done with an intent to oppress the traverser? We call for the facts that impeach the motives of Judge Chase. In the opening of this case we were told the respondent was highly gifted with rich attainments of mind. It was correctly said; and it might have been added that his integrity was equal to his talents. But the observation was made to raise his head at the expense of his heart. I will examine this argument.
The truth is that no judge is liable for an error of judgement. I apprehend this is conceded by the article itself, which states a criminal intent. Now for the evidence. What criminal intention do the hon. managers draw from it? It is said that the respondent is highly gifted with intellectual powers, and must have known in this instance the law— Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes . I dislike the compliment, the best gifted mortals are frail, and a single erroneous decision may be made by any man.
Let us, on this point, refer to decisions in modern times. They will show that an error in judgement has never of itself been considered an evidence of corruption in a judge.
Mr. Key here cited a case from Dunford and East, folio 658—King vs. Johnson containing the opinion of Justice Buller, who declares "that you can never infer corruption from the judgment itself but from the opinion given."
Here then is the decided opinion of a most able judge that although the act and judgement of the court be illegal, there is no ground to infer corruption. So in this case, admit, for argument's sake, that we are mistaken in point of fact, and that the law we have laid down is incorrect; still, however gross the error of the judge, it cannot in itself contain any foundation for presuming fraud. From what fact is fraud inferred? From the general mass of the transactions attending the trial of Callender? The evidence cannot be taken accumulatively. Each article must be taken by itself, and one can derive no force from the rest. Were this not the case, a hasty word, uttered in an unguarded moment, might be construed into a crime, and a number of small offences, individually of the most trifling nature, be made to constitute a great one.
I shall, in a subsequent view, take into consideration the whole conduct of Judge Chase, and show that, so far from operating to his injury, it redounds to his credit. Upon this second article, I trust I may be permitted to say that the evidence does not bear out the facts in the manner stated; that even if the alleged facts are proven, the law is clear that Mr. Basset was still a competent juror. I have also endeavoured to show that no inference of corruption can be drawn from an error in law; but that, on the contrary, particularly if it be committed by a man of acknowledged talents and unimpeached integrity, it is to be considered at best but as a mistake.
It would be well to analyze this argument of the honourable managers, by putting it in the form of a syllogism. The major proposition represents Judge Chase as possessed of great legal attainments and as highly gifted by nature; this I admit—the minor is that with these high gifts and attainments he has erred in a clear point of law; this I deny—but what is the conclusion deducible from the premises? That his decision was corrupt? So say the managers. I deny it. In the language of the judge it is a palpable non sequitur . (To be continued.)
European Intelligence.
BOSTON, June 19.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
Yesterday we received a Liverpool Price Current, dated 11th May, 1805. It bears the postmark of New-Castle, (we believe in Maine, a few miles below Wilkesport,) and received there in the Hibernia. We have not received any papers or letters by this arrival.
POSTSCRIPT.—Last evening London papers to the 8th May were put into our possession by a gentleman passenger in the Pomona, bound to New-York, who got on board a fishing schooner off our coast, and was landed at Cape Cod.
On the 7th May, an embargo was laid upon all British shipping in Great Britain and a heavy press took place in the river, and at all the ports.
A very general alarm prevailed—The Beef fleet was stated to be at sea—All the volunteer myriads were again hurrying to their alarm posts; and the greatest efforts were making to fit out every ship of force in ordinary.
Some very important dispatches were said to have been received from the north of Europe, on the 7th May, which were immediately laid before a full cabinet council, and the admiralty board—and messengers were ordered to hold themselves in readiness to start for the continent.
On the 5th May Mr. Pitt informed parliament, that he had advised his Britannic Majesty to create Lord Melville's name from the list of Privy Counsellors; which his Majesty had acceded to; and that his Lordship held no places, excepting such as were for life. At the same time, Mr. Whitbread said, "he disclaimed any intention positively to charge Lord Melville, with participating the profits with Trotter."
From a number of accounts from the Mediterranean, it is probable that Lord Nelson's fleet had gone to Egypt, in search of the Toulon squadron. A large fleet however, had failed from England for the West-Indies—and the places of some of them, in the Channel fleet, had been supplied by Sir John Orde's squadron.
The expedition under gen. Craig, was supposed to be destined against Ferrol.
The Rochefort dashing squadron has been spoken off the European coast, on its way to L'Orient.
English three per cents, May 8, were 58.
FROM HOLLAND.
By Captain M'Cully from Amsterdam, we have received from our correspondent there, papers to the 1st May—the latest from that quarter.
The new regime of Holland was going peacefully into operation. The question for declaring his excellency R. J. Schimmelpenninck, pensionary of the Batavian republic had been voted on in all the departments. The whole number of yeas was 14,098; nays 136; but as those who did not vote were considered to be in favor of the new form of government, the numbers have been declared as follows:—
  For the new form  353,186    Against it  136    Majority  353,050  
The grand pensionary assumed his functions the 29th April. The Batavian Legislative assembly was dissolved; & their High Mightinesses, as the new assembly are to be styled, were to be installed the 15th May.
Madrid, April 2.
It is thought the operations against Gibraltar will not commence with vigor, before the preparations making at Algeziras are in complete readiness. A large flotilla is assembling there.
Cadiz, March 29.
It is said Lord Nelson's fleet has made its appearance of Barcelona.
Trieste, April 4.
On the 20th ult. the U. States' frigate Essex, Capt. Barron carrying 40 guns and 340 men, arrived here from Malta.
Prague, April 20.
Among the baggage of Marshal Bruue, which has passed here from Constantinople, are 15 beautiful Arabian horses, and two uncommonly fine hunting dogs, destined for the emperor Napoleon.
The following ships of the line (it is said) failed from England the 7th May for the West-Indies, accompanied by a number of frigates & transports having on board 8000 troops, under the command of gen. Sir Eyre Coote.
  Dreadnought  98 guns  Vice admiral Collingwood.      Capt. Rotherham.    Fondroyant  98  Rear Admiral Sir T. Graves.    Barfleur  98  Captain Todd.    Win. Castle  98  Capt. Martin.    Rumillies  74  Gould.    Warrior  74  Pickmore.    Mars  74  Biagh.    Minotaur  74  Duff.    Bellerophon  74  Mansfield.    Illustrious  74  Loring.    Tonnant  74  Sir C. Hamilton, Bt.    Colossus  74  Morris.    12 sail of the line
FROM GIBRALTAR.
Capt. Dyer, who arrived yesterday from Malaga and Gibraltar, left the latter place April 26—27 days after the Toulon fleet had passed. A cutter had arrived which met with Lord Nelson's fleet proceeding towards Egypt to look for the Frenchmen.
FROM PLYMOUTH, June 18.
"Arrived Feb. Union, Holmes, Figueira, 47 days. May 6, in lat. 41, 10, lon. 23, broke a British fleet from Portsmouth for the WEST-INDIES, consisting of 23 ships, a brig, and a few transports. An officer informed that they were the third fleet which was in pursuit of the French and Cadiz squadron."
West-Indies.
CHARLESTON, June 20.
Capt. Crocker, from St. Thomas, confirms the account before received, of the arrival of a French and Spanish fleet at Martinique. Capt. C. was at Dominica at the time; and the intelligence was received there on the 16th ult. The alarm was so great, that the town of Roseau was deserted entirely; the inhabitants fleeing with all portable property to Prince Rupert's fort. Just before Capt. C. left Dominica, further accounts were brought of an additional French force of six sail of the line and two frigates, having arrived at Fort-Royal, Martinique. This
was confirmed the day after his arrival at St. Thomas, by the captain of a Swedish sloop, in 23 hours from Port-Royal, who mentioned that this French squadron were just coming to anchor as he left it.
The French and Spanish fleets first arrived were reported to have on board 17,000 troops.
No British fleet, except that under admiral Cochrane, had been heard of in the West-Indies; but it was reported that Lord Nelson's was expected.
An embargo was laid in all the British windward islands, and continued when Capt. C. left Dominica, which was effected by special permit.
Fifteen or twenty American vessels had been sent from Tortola to St. John's, to be better protected—most of the vessels and cargoes condemned.
City Gazette.
The British ships Jack and Nona , from the coast of Africa, via Surinam, anchored at Quarantine yesterday. The above ships failed from Surinam 20 days since—one degree to the windward of Barbadoes, they fell in with the British Mediterranean fleet under Admiral Lord Nelson, consisting of eleven ships of the line and one frigate, in pursuit of the French and Spanish squadron: They were informed that another British squadron of twelve ships of the line, were expected to follow Lord Nelson immediately.
Courier.
BALTIMORE, June 27.
Neutral rights respected!—Capt. Travers, arrived at this port from Jamaica, was credibly informed by a person who was present, when the prize master of the schooner William and Mary made his report to admiral Dacres, informing him that she was an American schooner, he replied, "It was right, d—n them send them all in." And he can confidently say they neither receive equity nor justice.
American.
Captain Travers advises people of color sailing in American vessels and belonging to the United States, not to trust themselves with only a notarial certificate, as it is not sufficient to prevent them from being pressed into the service of his Britannic majesty.
Philadelphia, June 25.
Captain Selby, of the brig Union , from St. Croix, was on the 5th of June, in lat. 20, long. 66, boarded by a small boat mounting one swivel, with 10 or 12 men, who after asking the name of the brig, from whence, and where bound, when seeing signs of resistance, moved off without examining his papers. On the 8th in lat. 24, long. 69, he fell in with a French privateer, carrying 150 men, six days out from Guadaloupe, on board of which he saw an officer, with whom he was acquainted, who told him, the Rochefort squadron was returned to the West-Indies, and had joined the Toulon fleet.—On the 27th, off Cape Hatteras, he spoke a sloop from Barracoa, for New-London, the captain of which told him, that he had been robbed of almost every thing by a French privateer, capt. S. offered to supply him, but he said he would try to weather it out on bread and beef.
True American.
NEW-YORK, June 24.
We have nothing new by the ship Thursday , from Guadalupe [arrived at New-York on Sunday] except that it is stated by the French passengers in her, that the French government have sent out this naval force without even trusting the commander in chief with the secret of its ultimate destination. When they failed from Toulon, their orders were to proceed to Cadiz; when there an enclosure was opened containing instructions to proceed to Martinique—and so on; so that the Admiral himself does not know where he is going, after he leaves Martinique, till he reaches the place at which he is ordered.
N. Y. Gazette.
Domestic Intelligence.
FROM THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
CIVILIZATION OF THE INDIANS.
On no topic can the mind of an American dwell with more complacency than the conduct of his government to the aborigines of the soil. In surveying, on the records of impartial history, the origin and progressive steps of conquest, we contemplate the darkest picture which the development of the human character exhibits. It is here that we behold the united and destructive force of the worst passions, uncontrolled by humanity, unchecked by policy. Power, avarice, and lust, which under other circumstances keep each other in check by mutual collision, here united pour in one mighty torrent, sweeping in its impetuous course whatever opposes their indulgence. Whether we cast our eyes to the east or the west we behold the same hideous and awful spectacle; unoffending and happy nations, enjoying the bounties of nature, cut off by the sword of the inexorable conqueror, or doomed to abject slavery!
It was fortunately reserved for the United States to establish a new era in the conquest of nations, and to set an example, no less illustrious than beneficial in its effects. Our ancestors, coming to these shores, principally to escape religious or political persecution, imbibed at an early period, sentiments enlightened and tolerant. They found numerous tribes of hardy savages scattered over the country. Amidst the inevitable collisions and wars that ensued they never dreamt of following the example of extermination so gloriously set by other nations. They perceived that a bountiful providence had allotted land enough for their accommodation, as well as the accommodation of the natives; and they soon learned that their mutual happiness depended upon a spirit of compromise. It appeared, on the one hand, that the force of the Europeans was inadequate to the destruction or subjection of the savages; while that of the latter was not equal to preventing the gradual and steady encroachments of the former. A kind of tacit convention arose out of these considerations; and it soon became understood that as the emigrants increased and extended their settlements, the natives must retire into the interior; and that as a compensation for abandoning their settlements they should receive occasional or regular donations in the shape of goods, horses or implements of husbandry; and that the governments with which they contracted, should maintain them in the enjoyment of their lands against the lawless acts of individuals.
Under the auspices of these rare and honorable principles the intercourse with the natives commenced, and has, with but little variation, been since conducted. The conduct of the European settlers may, in the first instance, have been in a great degree, the offspring of weakness. But to the honor of the American character, in proportion as the nation has acquired strength, has she manifested a philanthropy, indulgence, and even generosity to the natives. Commiserating the unfortunate situation in which they were placed, exposed from inevitable necessity, to the gradual dispossession of their lands, there has prevailed but one sentiment, that it became our duty, by every means in our power to lighten their sufferings, and while we deprived them of soil, to give them if possible, an equivalent.
Hence has arisen a system of intercourse, under which solemn treaties are formed, by which natives surrender to the United States their rights portions of soil and receive in return from them temporary gratifications or permanent subsidies.
With the growth of the national resources this system has been extended; and it has not been deemed unworthy of the philosophic spirit that now pervades the cabinet to employ the best means of gradually attaching the Indians to the pursuits of civilized life. Already the effects of these efforts have been manifest; and have effectively disproved the generally received opinion of the intractability of the savage state to the arts of civilized life. The recent authentic statements, which have been published prove that the task is not half so difficult as had been imagined. They demonstrate that the success finally depends on the means. They prove that Indians, so far from being insensible to the comforts of civilization, are gradually and steadily embracing them; and that some of the tribes have already in no in-
considerable progress in agriculture and domestic manufactures—so much so that many families are well dressed, with the habits of the civilized state, made by their own industry. Among the evidences of this interesting fact, we have before us several specimens of cloth of a good substantial texture made by the Cherokee Indians, which were sent to Mr. Cooke, a senator from Tennessee, as an evidence of the progress of their improvement, as well as of their regard for a friend and benefactor. We have also before us several Indian letters, received by that gentleman, from young Indian women, written in their own hand writing. The writing is perfectly legible, and by no means bad. We cannot resist the gratification of presenting a transcript of two of them to the reader.
Chickamauga, July 26, 1804.
Sir, Your letter of this date is now before me. In answer to it you may assure yourself, I will with pleasure furnish you with a sample of our manufacture. Probably the next time you pass this way I shall be able to show you a better specimen.
Withing you better health and an agreeable journey home, I remain, Sir, Respectfully yours, &c.
General William Cooke. Cheseroke, December 28th, 1804.
DEAR SIR, We have the pleasure to acknowledge the favor of your friendly letter of the 14th ultimo. In answer to that we must confess we are more than pleased to find that, our worthy friend, General Cooke, approves so highly of our small progress in manufacture. Should we again have the pleasure of our friends company at our wigwam, probably he would discover we have not procrastinated in our industry.
But as it pleased the Dairy to place our ancestors in this part of the globe where there was no opportunity to get instructions, but from them, we are to be excused if we make an error, it are thankful he has given us a talent, and we will to make use of it, viz. not to bury it in the sea of oblivion.
Venerable Pater, we hope you will be so courteous as to visit our dwelling when you are travelling through our country, that ye may have the pleasure of your company, for instance you are capable to judge of our advancements in manufacture, &c. We are, Dear Sir, respectfully yours.
Among the numerous features which characterize the policy of the present administration of the general government, there is none that will tend to posterity with more éclat, than its enlightened humanity and friendship with which it treats the aborigines of the soil. In the measure pursued for the promotion of their happiness will be discerned a spirit of pure and active benevolence; and in the means made use of towards effecting civilization, will be seen a policy at once simple and sound, such as circumstances require, but such as in other nations never been practiced.
Hitherto force has usually been embarked in every enterprise for reclaiming or savage state. Let us say conquerors first inspire the savages with terror, and then they will lead a willing ear to our advice, and obey our precepts. Little did these men know of the human heart! Little did they appreciate the stubbornness of the materials of which it is formed before it has learned to bow beneath the yoke of civilization! Hence all the proud schemes have perished without success! And they have ended, at once, in the destruction of the innocent and the entire abandonment of their haunts.
May the lessons which America teaches sink deep into the hearts of princes and may they learn that policy, no less than justice, inculcates the duties of forbearance and mercy.
NATCHEZ, May 17, 1804.
On Monday the 14th inst. the oaths of office were administered to the Honorable Thomas Rodney, to his Excellency ROBERT WILLIAMS, Governor of the Mississippi Territory, in the presence of a number of respectable citizens who had assembled at the Government-House in the town of Washington. On this occasion the Governor delivered a concise and impressive address. A committee was appointed by the citizens present, to sit on his Excellency to express their approbation of the sentiments he had delivered, and to request that they might be furnished with the address for publication; which is now present to the public.
FELLOW-CITIZENS, I HAVE been appointed to fill the Executive Department of this Government—an office honorable to myself, not only from its source, but in proportion to the interest and respectability those over whom I am to preside.
I avail myself of this opportunity to declare that it is with great diffidence and much concern, I undertake the execution of its duties. Not because I am apprehensive every one will not be satisfied with my conduct—that is not to be expected; if he must be more than mortal who can please all, even the just.—Men will often differ while acting under the influence of correct principles and proper motives.—Virtuous differences lead to rational investigation—the surest guide to truth and knowledge. Nor do I fear my conduct will ever reproach me with having done an act in the execution of my office, derogatory to the solemn obligations into which I am about to enter. Nor is it that I dread the customary mode of attack on public character, especially those high in office, through the medium of the press; and generally by those who are disposed to attribute every difference from their own mode of thinking on public measures to ignorance or design.—But it is because I am convinced our government is founded on principles of political freedom, common justice and equal rights; and that an administration follows to promote those great objects has cast on me to aid in affording them to you; and so, because I am sensible no people with whom I am acquainted merit more the enjoyment of those blessings than yourselves. Therefore it is, that I am concerned lest my best exertions may disappoint your expectations—devise you of the benefits the government is capable to which a more able and experienced character might more fully contribute.
Knowing that it is not uncommon in communities for considerable expectations to be entertained by some on occasions like the present, I will take the liberty to remark, that I think it equally hazardous to those who are governed and to those who govern; and that I mean to say nothing which shall encourage them with any—except that I shall not know party, or regard the fashionable terms of political distinction, farther than the principles of our federal government and a support of the administration most disposed to adhere to them shall justify. And for my part if I shall have the approbation of my own conscience I shall be satisfied; next to which it shall be my pride, not only to merit a continuation of that confidence heretofore manifested towards me, but the good opinion and approbation of my fellow citizens in general, and in a particular manner, those for whom I am immediately to act.
Thus fellow citizens, being satisfied with the rectitude of my own intentions—relying on the support of a generous and liberal people, who I trust, will ever be more disposed to aid and forgive, than to embarrass and condemn the honest exertions of one whose sole aim shall be to consult their individual happiness, and promote their associated prosperity consistently with the general good, I have consented, and now pro-
ceed to take the necessary oaths for my induction into office.—Supplicating the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, to impress the people of this Territory as well as their rulers, with a conviction of the expediency of inculcating religion, virtue and morals, as the great pillars of society, order, and good government.
CHARLESTON, June 19.
A young man by the name of RUSSELL BOWERS, was yesterday morning detected in attempting to pass a forged note, drawn in the name of Mr. G. G. Bailey, payable to and endorsed Francis Bremer. He was immediately conducted before James Bentham, esq. and while the commitment was making out, dexterously snatched up the note, and swallowed it. He confessed his necessities had compelled him to adopt this rash step, to obtain a supply of cash.
Times.
PHILADELPHIA, June 24.
The United States' bomb-ketch Vengeance , commanded by Lieut. Lewis, failed from Boston for the Mediterranean on Tuesday last. She will be followed immediately by the Spitfire , under the command of Lieut. McNeill.
As the 4th of July is approaching, we anticipate the usual number of subscribers to giving a fourth edition of a famous song generally sung on the occasion. [See]
JEFFERSON AND LIBERTY.
For March 4, 1801—To its own tune.
The gloomy night before us flies, The reign of terror now is o'er; Its gags, inquisitors and spies, Its hordes of harpies are no more! Rejoice, Columbia's sons rejoice! To tyrants never bend the knee! But join with heart and soul and voice For JEFFERSON AND LIBERTY.
O'er vast Columbia's varied clime, Her cities, forests, shores and dales, In rising majesty sublime Immortal Liberty prevails. Rejoice, &c.
Hail! long expected glorious day! Illustrious memorable morn! That freedom's fabric from decay Rebuilds for ages yet unborn. Rejoice, &c.
His country's glory, hope and stay, In virtue and in talents tried, Now rises to assume the sway, O'er freedom's temple to preside. Rejoice, &c.
Within its hallow'd walls immense, No hurling hand shall e'er arise, Array'd in tyranny's defence, To crush an injur'd people's cries. Rejoice, &c.
No lordling here with goring jaws Shall wring from industry the food, Nor fury his own holy laws Lay waste our fields and streets with blood. Rejoice, &c.
Here strangers from a thousand shores, Connelly by tyranny to roam, Shall find amidst abundant stores, A nobler and a happier home. Rejoice, &c.
Here Art shall lift her laurell'd head, Wealth, Industry, and Peace divine, And where dark pathless forests spread, Rich fields and lofty cities shine. Rejoice, &c.
From Europe's wants and woes remote, And dreary waste of wars between, Here plenty cheers the humblest cot, And smiles on every village-green. Rejoice, &c.
Here free as air's expanded space, To every foul and foul shall be, That sacred privilege of our race, The worship of the Deity. Rejoice, &c.
These gifts, great Liberty! are thine; Ten thousand more

INDEPENDENCE OF AMERICA.
The simple dictates of good sense had taught the inhabitants of the British colonies, that men born on the American side of the Atlantic ocean had received from nature the same rights as others born under the meridian of Greenwich...
ons into the instruments of their own elevation. They had no more to do for the purpose of consummating the ruin of the worthier men, than to point these envenomed weapons at them.
Compare then our condition with that of France, and what a sublime contrast is placed before us! France dependant upon the will of one man; and even Europe itself vibrating with his power.
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776.
A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED.
WHEN in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and nature's God entitle them...
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness;
He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance...
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depositary of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise;
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands.
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made Judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation.
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them from any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States;
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world: For imposing taxes on us without our consent;
For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury: For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences;
For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies;
For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments;
For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us.
and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an unqualified destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these oppressions and usurpations, we have appealed to the world, by repeated petitions, which have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in GENERAL CONGRESS assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, Do, in the name, and by the authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies, are, and of right ought to be, Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is, and ought to be totally dissolved;
Signed by order and in behalf of the CONGRESS. JOHN HANCOCK, President. Attested. CHARLES THOMPSON, Secretary.
The following communication is from the pen of a valuable friend. The editor believes it to be unnecessary to add that he has already accepted of the proposition which it contains, and in a short time, he hopes, the publication of the documents and papers referred to, will render to eternal silence those infamous calumnies, who have in vain attempted an attack upon the well-earned reputation of Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of American Independence.
Of all the various stories, which have been either fabricated or embellished by the malignant enemies of Mr. Jefferson, one only, deserves serious attention: the others, together with their authors, will be swept away, in a few "passing years," and buried beneath the rubbish of a new set of slanderers and defamers. What will posterity care about the pathetic and high-wrought affair with Mr. Jones?
If the tale of Mrs. Walker was rehearsed to a nation of annuities they would smile at its absurdity; that an individual should be abused, censured, and threatened with exposure in the public prints, for having, forty years since, felt an improper passion; at a time, when from youth, exemption from matrimonial obligations, the force of feeling might be pleaded with justice.
It is a little surprising, that the scrupulous moralists, who perceive so much badness in the encouragement of Callender, and who appropriate the money given that wretch, as payment for the very things not approved of, are pursuing the course, precisely, which they affect to abominate in that gentleman.
The conduct of Mr. Jefferson, while Governor of Virginia, merits attention. An accusation of such serious import, requires examination, not out of respect to his enemies, but his friends. I am anxious this subject should be fairly stated to the world, before the few remaining persons, who recollect the events, and the few records in existence, are demolished by time.
THE subscriber will sell at public auction to the highest bidder for ready money, at Zachariah Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, on Saturday the 3d day of August next, two likely negro BOYS Nelson and Harrison; conveyed in trust by the deed of Andrew Scott, dec'd, to secure the payment of a debt, interest and cost thereon, acknowledged to be due Lyle and M'Credie.
ON Saturday the 3d day of August next, will be sold to the highest bidder at public auction for ready money, at Zachariah Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, a likely negro BOY, about 19 years old, by the name of Harry, conveyed to me in trust by Thomas Branch, of the county of Chesterfield, to secure the payment of a debt due to Lyle and M'Credie, and the expense necessary to carry the trust into execution.
WILL BE SOLD at public auction to the highest bidder for ready money, at Zachariah Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, on Saturday the 3d day of August next, by virtue of a deed of trust, executed to the subscriber by Richardon Harris, late of the county of Chesterfield, to secure the payment of a debt due to Lyle and M'Credie, and the expense necessary to carry the trust into execution.
THE subscribers have purchased from Christian Venable the exclusive right of making, using and vending to others to be used, within the United States, his PATENT METALIC HONE, so hereby forewarn all persons from making or vending the said Patent hone, without authority from them.
Warren, July 2.
EUROPEAN WAR. War, according to the spirit in which it is carried on, is productive of very different degrees of mischief.
THE subscribers have purchased from Christian Venable the exclusive right of making, using and vending to others to be used, within the United States, his PATENT METALIC HONE, so hereby forewarn all persons from making or vending the said Patent hone, without authority from them.
ment of even comparative complacency. We seem willing for a moment to excuse the iniquity of a system, which whatever may be its remaining consequences, does not disfigure the appearance of countries, nor shed the blood of their unoffending inhabitants.
What! though the present contest in Europe has been hitherto unaccompanied by torrents of blood or the desolation of countries or navies? What! though the destruction of a few Spanish armed ships pounced upon without even a warning by the Vultures of Great-Britain, or the loss of a few seamen, scattered and attacked upon the ocean, be the only afflictive objects that present themselves during the war;
When a nation contends against a foreign domestic usurper, no sacrifice of wealth and no spilling of blood can be too profuse. Liberty is the precious object to which they dedicate their exertions; and the value of the end more than sufficiently repays all the labour and wealth expended upon its acquisition.
When Great Britain issued her declaration of war, she laid down for herself the preliminaries of peace. She was willing (she said) to abide by the treaty of Amiens. She would immediately give up Malta, provided the preliminary conditions of that surrender could be complied with, and provided Bonaparte would once more restore the Balance of power in Europe by evacuating Italy and Holland.
Are not these objects even now within the grasp of G. Britain? or at least may not the stipulations of the treaty of Amiens be complied with? The Maltese language which have been put down might be restored, or others substituted in their place; and Malta might be made independent both of France or G. Britain.
BY virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed to the subscriber by Charles Clarke, of the county of Chesterfield, to secure the payment of a debt therein acknowledged to be due Lyle and M'Credie, and the expense necessary to carry the trust into execution, will be sold at public auction to the highest bidder for ready money, at Zachariah Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, on Saturday the 27th of July next, two hundred and twenty acres of LAND, more or less, lying in the county of Chesterfield, and adjoining the lands of Col. John Harvie, John Ford, Alexander Saunders, and Samuel Smith.
THE subscriber will sell at public auction to the highest bidder for ready money, at Zachariah Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, on Saturday the 3d day of August next, two likely negro BOYS Nelson and Harrison; conveyed in trust by the deed of Andrew Scott, dec'd, to secure the payment of a debt, interest and cost thereon, acknowledged to be due Lyle and M'Credie.
ON Saturday the 3d day of August next, will be sold to the highest bidder at public auction for ready money, at Zachariah Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, a likely negro BOY, about 19 years old, by the name of Harry, conveyed to me in trust by Thomas Branch, of the county of Chesterfield, to secure the payment of a debt due to Lyle and M'Credie, and the expense necessary to carry the trust into execution.
WILL BE SOLD at public auction to the highest bidder for ready money, at Zachariah Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, on Saturday the 3d day of August next, by virtue of a deed of trust, executed to the subscriber by Richardon Harris, late of the county of Chesterfield, to secure the payment of a debt due to Lyle and M'Credie, and the expense necessary to carry the trust into execution.
THE subscribers have purchased from Christian Venable the exclusive right of making, using and vending to others to be used, within the United States, his PATENT METALIC HONE, so hereby forewarn all persons from making or vending the said Patent hone, without authority from them.
Warren, July 2.
NOTICE. THE subscribers have purchased from Christian Venable the exclusive right of making, using and vending to others to be used, within the United States, his PATENT METALIC HONE, so hereby forewarn all persons from making or vending the said Patent hone, without authority from them.
THE subscriber having taken the stable heretofore attached to the Union Tavern, offers his services to the public in that line—where horses may stand at livery by the day, week, month or year.
N. B. He BUYS and SELLS HORSES on COMMISSION. June 28.
Printing, IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE of the ENQUIRER.
By Last Evening's Mail.
NEW-YORK, June 26.
From captain Tinker, of the brig Adonis, arrived last evening in 16 days from St. Pierre, (Martinique,) we are informed, that on the 5th of June, the French and Spanish combined fleets sailed from Martinique for Guadeloupe, and left that place on the 8th June, (the day before capt. Tinker sailed from Antigua.)
Mer. Adv.
EDUCATION.
JOHN WOOD, owing to an arrangement, which has been made in the duties of the office which he holds, as Mathematical Surveyor for the city of Richmond, is enabled to devote a portion of the day, for the tuition of youth; and therefore purposes on Monday next, to open a select school limited to twenty students, on the following plan and terms:
The Branches intended to be taught, are the English Grammar, the Philosophy of Rhetoric, the Latin and Greek languages; Arithmetic and Geography; with the several parts of the Mathematics, viz: Geometry both Theoretical and Practical; Algebra, Trigonometry, & likewise those parts of natural Philosophy which depend on a knowledge of the Mathematics.
The Hours of attendance will be from ten to twelve in the forenoon and from three to five in the afternoon, Saturday excepted, and the terms ten Dollars per quarter. Young men, whose parents in life require a knowledge of Surveying or Navigation, may have an excellent opportunity of acquiring the practice of these sciences, from the frequent duties John Wood has to perform as public surveyor.
Shockoe-Hill, July 2.
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD.
RAN AWAY from the subscriber, living near the Bowling Green, on the 23d inst. a negro man named PETER, between thirty and forty years old, about five feet ten inches high, he is black and rather spare made; had on when he went off, a light coloured drab coat, a red striped waistcoat, corduroy or thickset breeches and dark mixed stockings;—has lost the greater part of all his toes on the left foot, and when spoken to, is apt to appear torpid.
I will give the above reward if taken out of the state, and out of this county, and ten dollars if taken in county or confined in any jail so that I see him, or if brought home all reasonable charges paid.
JOHN G. WOOLFOLK (3t.)
FOR SALE.
A Very valuable shoemaker. For terms apply to the Editors of the Enquirer. July 2. (law. 2m.)
TO RENT.
THE HOUSE lately occupied by Thomas Gilliat, and immediate possession given; apply to GILLIAT & KIRBY. (lt.)
ADVERTISEMENT.
BY virtue of a deed of trust to us given from Col. Vincent Readman, will be sold at public sale on Monday the 29th day of July next, on the premises—All our right under said deed of trust in that TRACT OF LAND whereon said Readman resides, in Richmond county; upon which there is a good water-grist mill and a distillery, and upon which there are some prior encumbrances, with an hundred and fifty acres of land uncumbered: upon this part of said tract of land there is very fine improvements, with a good dwelling house, barn, stable, kitchen, dairy, smoke-house, a fine garden and a good orchard, together with an excellent fore-lease. The stand for trade is as good as any country place convenient to navigation, a large circle of wealthy neighbours, and without competition the healthiness of this seat is exceeded by none in the Northern Neck. The best of water and the most salubrious air both bless the Col. and his large family with such health as for them to be almost without the knowledge of sickness. There is in the whole tract five hundred and eighty-five acres, and an indefeasible right will be made a purchaser. The terms of payment will be made known on the day of sale.
WM. BRAGO, G. STACKLEFORD, H. ASBURY, G. DAVIS, D. L. WATSON, F. G. TIBBS. June 28. (P29th July)
LIVERY STABLE.
THE subscriber having taken the stable heretofore attached to the Union Tavern, offers his services to the public in that line—where horses may stand at livery by the day, week, month or year. He deems it perfectly unnecessary to say any thing on the subject of his qualifications for that business. The gentlemen of the city, generally, know his fondness for horses, as well as his knowledge of the most proper modes of treating that generous animal, from frequent specimens of his own riding horses. He has only to promise that his stable shall be always supplied with the best of forage and provender, and that he will be unremitted in his personal attendance to such horses as may be committed to his care. His terms may be known on application to him, at the stable, or at the bar of the Union Tavern. P. LARUS.
N. B. He BUYS and SELLS HORSES on COMMISSION. June 28.
Printing,
IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE of the ENQUIRER.

THE YAZOO SPECULATION.
We cannot commence the publication of the following disquisition on the Yazoo speculation, without earnestly recommending it to the mature consideration of the reader. A measure which arose in the deepest corruption and involves the most extensive consequences; a measure, which has already excited the eloquent indignation of its opponents in Congress, and which will depend upon the verdict of that respectable council; a measure, which cannot be carried into operation without subjecting the vacant lands of the union to a similar depreciation and without branding the infamy of our government with an indelible stigma; a measure thus dishonorable in its origin and wide-wasting in its influence deserves to be opened up to view of the people and to be calmly, and comprehensively scrutinized by every reflecting politician. We hope that the author who has now come forward to this task, is sufficiently prepared and we believe him to be well qualified for the arduous labour which he has undertaken. The editor of the Aurora has had the singular advantage of being present during the deliberations of Congress on this great subject; he has had access to most of the public documents that related to it; he has most probably listened to the suggestions and reasonings that have been advanced upon it by the most experienced circles. That the execution of his labor may correspond to the magnitude of the design; that he may awaken the slumbering mind and give light to the inexperienced; we cannot too ardently desire. Such a cause, so deeply interesting to the community, can scarcely obtain the assistance of too able an advocate!
FROM THE AURORA.
THE YAZOO SPECULATION.
We have for some time by a diversity of engagements been diverted from a consideration of this subject, which we long since promised, and which from growing diffusion of its corruption, demands the most earnest and decided attention from the people of the United States. Every man who is free from the contamination of those stupendous frauds, and from the influence of those who are already contaminated, is bound to guard himself against the insidious and wide spreading dangers of this formidable enemy.
If the republican principle is to endure—if the blessings of representative government are worthy of preservation, the nation will overwhelm with shame by its indignant voice, the participants, the abettors, & the advocates of this national disgrace, this audacious and iniquitous speculation.
He who can look back with temper and discernment at the consequences which flowed from the various speculations which followed the revolution, cannot but be aware of all the domestic affliction and the national reproach to which they subjected the United States. The owners of land in the north-western and western parts of this state, whose property has been kept along with the commonwealth in jeopardy and uncertainty during a period equal to the average length of human life, will consider whether similar inquiry is to be countenanced elsewhere: those who remember the shame that followed the sacrifice of the soldiers of the revolution to the insatiable appetite of speculation and corruption, will weigh seriously whether new avenues are to be opened for the corruption and contamination of the people, and for the diversion of the flourishing commercial capital of the country from its present course—and the people at large will consider well and determine whether they are ready to consent that the Capitol at Washington shall be converted into a national land office—where the price of the territorial property of the nation will buy the votes of the representatives—where the principles of morality and the reckonings of inflexible virtue, will be superseded and answered by a tract of land which the public is the only proprietor—and the robbery of the public will be the medium of reward for the breach of public trust.
Are the people ready to consent to the surrender of a country of 400 miles long by 300 broad—without right or title in law or equity to the appetite of speculation, and invite them to the more simple fare presented by the boundless regions of Louisiana.
Or rather is it not time to fix some bounds to the rapacity of unscrupulous covetousness? Is it not more incumbent on the people of the union now—at once, by the determined and inflexible expression of their virtuous resolutions, to preserve the republic from dishonor, to terminate at once and by a single act every kind of temporizing with criminality—every inglorious overture for sacrificing the honor and reputation as well as the prosperity of the people—and by wiping out the stain of corruption in the Yazoo fix a great landmark that will forever deter iniquity from encroaching on those fertile plains which the wisdom and the good fortune of our country has secured as an inheritance for posterity.
Let the people have Louisiana for their children—let them have the garden of fertility formed by the lines of the Mississippi, on the west; Florida on the south; Tennessee on the north, and Georgia on the east—a country containing near forty millions of acres, some of which are the finest lands on this continent.
The case is arrived at this point—and the conduct of your representatives at the next session of congress, is to determine—whether the American republic is to be the victim or to rise superior to corruption.
An expectation of aid—an hope that some more competent hand would take up this most important subject, has not a little contributed to delay the view which I now mean to take of it. My only apprehension is, that my capacity is not as competent to the discussion, as its importance demands; and that the materials in my possession do not enable me to penetrate and develop the detail of all the inquiries upon which it was founded, and which incumbents it in all directions. The complexity of the subject, from the variety of persons, of companies, and of claims, which are involved in the speculation; and in some cases the difficulty of discriminating between the iniquitously corrupt, and the innocently deceived, all together render it difficult to bring the subject fairly before the uninformed reader. The attempt will however be made—and no alteration—nor fact be employed, which does not rest on official authority, or on such evidence as has been published by known authority of the most respectable kind, and which remains to this day unrefuted and uncontroverted.
The course that I shall lay down for myself in this view will be arranged under three different heads.
1. Some account of the country.
2. The tenure by which it has been and is held by the nation under various circumstances.
3. The nature of the fraud, by which the nation is attempted to be plundered of its territory.
1. Some account of the country—
This country was upon the first settlements comprehended along with Virginia, and the Carolina's & Louisiana all under the general name of Florida; in the progress of wars and settlements by the Spanish, French and British, it was successively comprehended under the name of Louisiana, of South Carolina, and latterly of Georgia; and it is now a part of the Mississippi; a part of the present territory was secured by the treaty with Spain, which the latter power held in consequence of some pretences set up founded on ancient claims for certain aid given the United States during the revolution—this part was acquired after a fraudulent act of larceny had been made by the legislature of Georgia, the members who voted for the measure having previously agreed upon a participation in the plunder, and upon a distribution of shares among men of influence in various parts of the union as a reward for their aid in support of the fraud.
The southern line of the Mississippi territory as it is now called, begins a few miles below the military station called Natchez on the Mississippi, in 31 degrees north latitude, and extends due east to the Apalachicola or Chatchabche river: from that point the river separates the territory from the state of Georgia, as far as the Coosa Indian towns, and to the forks of a creek which falls into the main river from the westward; and thence an artificial line separates it from Georgia which terminates at Nickajack, on the Tennessee river. This line runs in a direction westward of south, and the south line of Tennessee forms the north line of this territory west to the Mississippi, which it intersects near the 35th degree of north latitude: this side of the territory being the shortest, and the whole territory presenting a form resembling the face of a pyramid, of which the half had been broken off; the fourth line forming the apparent base.
This vast territory, in fact, at this moment, in the bona fide possession of various Indian tribes—Cherokees, Upper and Lower Creek and Choctaws. One small section alone was purchased from the Indians by the British while they were in possession, containing about a million and a half of acres? commencing at the mouth of the Yazoo river and above the military station called the Walnut Hills, and thence proceeding in an irregular line south eastwardly till it crosses the Spanish line about 80 miles from the Mississippi and continued through the Spanish claims across Pearl river and to the Pascagoula.
The only settled tracts in this vast country are two, one between the line thus described and the Mississippi, which is laid out into four counties, named in succession from north to south—Claiborne, Jefferson, Adams, and Wilkinson counties; in the latter of which is the city of Natchez.
The other nearly of the same extent lying between the Pascagoula, and the Mobile; but very thinly inhabited; and this tract is separated from the former by a wilderness of more than 100 miles extent.
The whole of the vast space beside these, which amount to not more than 3 millions of acres, is inhabited only by the Indian tribes—holding their right by the sacred laws of nature and moral justice, and incapable of disposing of it in virtue of solemn treaties to any power but that of the confederated government; and without any power or right in any single state in the union, or in any body of individuals, without the consent of the U. States, to purchase any part of the soil, or the fee simple.
(To be continued.)
Miscellaneous.
From the Salem Register.
Mr. Volney has published the result of his enquiries upon the winds of the United States, and an English version has been furnished by the Medical Repository, No. 32. From all its examination, it appeared to this attentive observer, that to measure the temperature, the degrees must be measured from opposite points, south and north, for the interior, and another measure be made from the shores of the Atlantic and the shores of the Mississippi. The differences between the east and west sides of the Allegany, was evident at the time of his observations, but beyond 35 degrees of latitude, this difference ceased, as it did beyond 45 northward. So that his observations are confined within the 10 degrees, lying between these two points. The last year was so singular in the degrees and progress of cold, that no doubts can be entertained that some ingenious observers will compare this theory, with the very interesting facts which last year furnished. They were very inconstantly reported in the Gazettes, but probably another year may not be found in which the common laws of the season will be less observed. Mr. Volney informs, that in the Genesee they have the climate of Pennsylvania, rather than Vermont and New-Hampshire. This will make against the theory of greater cold from the forests, as a principle to be applied to our Continent, when compared with Europe. And as to another theory Mr. Volney, observes, that in the latitude of Niagara, the colds do not last more than two months, at the most elevated point, a circumstance which overturns, he thinks, entirely, the rule of levels. We can do no more than direct the curious to information on this subject.
We willingly pay a tribute of respect to professor Ebeling, of Hamburg, for his great attention to the Geography of the United States. His work is a continuation of the best work of Geography, that of Buffon, who confined himself in his larger work to Europe. Mr. Ebeling has printed already five volumes and has another prepared for the press. He began on the Northern States and proceeded southerly, and is now on Virginia. The first volume was translated into French, and has appeared enlarged, and much corrected in a second German edition. He has not only combined history and Topography in the manner of Buffon, but he has extended his plan to all natural history, flutes, and so far as he could to the history of science. That such a work must necessarily be imperfect, can readily be conceived, from the nature of the publications submitted to his examination. When he commenced his labours, hardly any thing entitled to the name of an American Geography had appeared, and even that was accompanied with remarks which discovered that it was in the greatest possible state of imperfection. To expect then a perfect work from Professor Ebeling was absurd. But when we consider his documents, and the use he has made of them, we may pronounce his work the best account of the United States so far as he has continued his work, now extant. For his method he has every apology. By attempting to digest accounts, he might have produced such a specimen as the Anthropology has given to the public from the labours of Pinkerton, as the description of our Capital. But by referring for each article to his authorities, he has afforded every reader acquainted with American literature, to judge of the value of each article. And many things which without this notice might mislead, are now harmless with the discreet enquirer into the true state of our country and of its affairs. Pinkerton found it in his way to censure him, but without any particular charges, and the same censures have been repeated in America, and perhaps without an impartial examination. That a work like this must be a compilation, is evident from its nature. It ought to represent facts. That it might be dull to those who are not content with plain statements, may be confessed. But that it is wanting in care, in accuracy, in a just selection, or proper attention, is not true. And that it is the best work extant, might be said without any danger of contradiction. When it has an English dress, and is submitted to such men as are well acquainted with our country, it will admit of many improvements. But none of them will refuse respect to the sober care with which this best foundation of an American Geography is laid.
Whatever affords the history of our country, particularly the memorable period of our Revolution, will be welcome to our national ambition. A late work has been announced as Husbey's history of this period. We know not the reputation of the author of this work. But the intended preface has been given to the public. In this, the writer declared that he has consulted the papers of the officers who were with him in the army. That he has had all the papers which were in the possession of General Edward Hand, the last Adjutant General, into whose hands all the papers were put, from the time of the appointment of General Horatio Gates, who was the first Adjutant General. He appeals to the yet living actors in the period of his history, and declares his abhorrence of every deception, and his satisfaction in leaving a valuable legacy, which at all times must be interesting to mankind.
Extract of a letter from M. Talleyrand, to his Excellency Mr. Livingston, late American Minister at Paris, written by order of the EMPEROR AND KING.
PARIS, April, 1805.
"I have thought it would be particularly agreeable to you, to be able to encourage in your own country a taste for the arts, and with this view I have the honor to send you a collection of the old and new Catalogue of the fathers and brothers Pisanelli. These engraved and coloured designs will be advantageously placed in the Museum of New-York, and will moreover demonstrate the interest with which you have inspired us, for whatever may contribute to the
instruction and accomplishment of your young countrymen."
I entreat you, Sir, to accept the assurance of my high consideration.
C. M. TALLEYRAND.
(Signed)
This rare and valuable collection, which Mr. Livingston brings with him, consists of 24 vols. folio of Paris, together with several Port Folios, containing copies in oil and water colours from Raphael and from Antiques. Views of Constantinople, Cairo, &c. &c.
"The work will not only be useful to painters and sculptors, but to architects, cabinet makers, goldsmiths, and others engaged in similar employments."
ANECDOTE OF DR. FRANKLIN.
As every thing that comes from the pen of Mr. Jefferson, the glory of his country, is dear to Republicans, the following extract from his letter respecting the death of Dr. Franklin, whom future generations will delight to honour, is copied from the oration on his death, delivered by Dr. W. Smith, 1st March, 1791, before the American Philosophical Society, at Philadelphia:
"I feel," says this gentleman, "both the will and the duty to communicate, in compliance with your request, whatever, within my knowledge, might render justice to the memory of our great countryman, Dr. Franklin, in whom Philosophy has to deplore one of its principal luminaries extinguished. But my opportunities of knowing the interesting facts of his life have not been equal to my desire of making them known."
"I can only, therefore, testify in general, that there appeared to me more respect and veneration attached to the character of Dr. Franklin, in France, than to that of any other person in the same country, foreign or native. I had opportunities of knowing particularly how far these sentiments were felt, by the foreign Ambassadors and Ministers, at the Court of Versailles. The fable of his capture by the Algerines, propagated by the English news-papers, excited no unkindness, as it was seen at once to be a droll concocted up to please certain readers, but nothing could exceed the anxiety of his diplomatic brethren, on a subsequent report of his death, which although premature bore some marks of authenticity."
"I found the ministers of France equally impressed with his talents and integrity. The Count de Vergennes, particularly, gave me repeated unequivocal demonstrations of his entire confidence in him."
"When he left Paris, it seemed as if the village had lost its Patriarch. On taking leave of the Count, which he did by letter, the king ordered him to be handsomely complimented, and furnished him with a letter and miles of his own, the only kind of conveyance the state of his health could bear."
"The succession of Dr. Franklin, at the court of France, was an excellent school of humility to me. On being presented to any one, as the Minister of America, the common place question was 'c'est vous, monsieur, qui remplacez le Docteur Franklin?' Is it you, Sir, who replace Doctor Franklin? I generally answered—'No one can replace him, Sir, I am only his successor.'"
"I could there relate a number of those bon mots, with which he was used to charm every society, as having heard many of them; but these are not your object. Particulars of greater dignity happened not to occur, during his stay of nine months after my arrival in France."
"A little before that time, Argand had invented his celebrated lamp, in which the flame is spread into a hollow cylinder, and thus brought into contact with the air, within as well as without. Dr. Franklin had been on the point of the same discovery. The idea had occurred to him; but he had tried a bull rush as a wick, which did not succeed. His occupations did not permit him to repeat and extend his trials to the introduction of a larger column of air, than could pass through the stem of a bull rush."
"About that time, also, the King of France gave him a signal testimony of respect, by joining him with some of the most illustrious men of the nation, to examine that ignis fatuus of philosophy, the animal magnetism of the marquis Mesmer; the pretended effects of which had astonished all Paris. By Dr. Franklin's hand, in conjunction with his brethren of the learned committee, that compound of fraud and folly was unveiled, and received its death-wound. After this, nothing very interesting was before the public, either in philosophy or politics, during his stay; and he was principally occupied in winding up his affairs, and preparing for his return to America."
"These small offerings to the memory of our great and dear friend, (whom time will be making still greater, while it is spunging us from its records) must be accepted by you, Sir, in that spirit of love and veneration for him, in which they are made; and not according to their insignificance in the eyes of a world, which did not want this mite to fill up the measure of his worth!"
"His death was an affliction, which was to happen to us at some time or other. We have reason to be thankful he was so long spared; that the most useful life should be the longest also; that it was protracted so far beyond the ordinary span allotted to humanity, as to avail us of his wisdom and virtue in the establishment of our freedom in the east; and to bless him with a view of its dawn in the east, where men seemed till now to have learned every thing—but how to be free."
Salem Register.
Let us subjoin to the preceding eulogium on our celebrated countryman, the following anecdotes from Condorcet's "life of Voltaire."
"At this same time, Paris boasted, also, the presence of the celebrated Franklin, who, in another hemisphere, had been the apostle of philosophy and toleration. Like Voltaire, he had often employed the weapon of humour which corrects the absurdities of men, and had displayed their perverseness as a folly more fatal, but also worthy of pity. He had joined to the science of metaphysics the genius of practical philosophy; as Voltaire, that of poetry. Franklin had delivered the vast countries of America from the yoke of Europe; and Voltaire had freed Europe from the yoke of the ancient theocracy of Asia. Franklin was eager to see a man whose reputation had long been spread over both worlds; Voltaire although he had lost the habit of speaking English, endeavoured to support the conversation in that language; and, afterwards resuming the French, he said: 'Je n'ai pas pu faire un dîner de parler un moment la langue de M. Franklin'."
The American philosopher presented his grandson to Voltaire, with a request that he would give him his benediction. "God and liberty!" said Voltaire: "it is the only benediction which can be given to the grandson of Franklin." They went together to a public assembly of the academy of sciences, and the public at the same time beheld with emotion these two men, born in different quarters of the globe, respectable by their years, their glory, the employment of their life, and both enjoying the influence which they had exercised over the age in which they lived. They embraced each other in the midst of public acclamations,
"I could not resist the desire of speaking the language of Mr. Franklin for a moment."
and it was said to be Solon who embraced Sophocles. But the French Sophocles had trampled on error and advanced the reign of reason; and the Solon of Philadelphia, having placed the constitution of his country on the immovable foundation of the rights of men, had no fear of being his uncertain laws, even during his own life, open the way to tyranny and prepare fitters for his country."
FROM THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN.
THE FARMER.
Having suffered greatly by insects destroying the plants in my garden, and particularly cucumbers, and having also learned a remedy for the evil, you are requested to publish the following, for the benefit of the public:
Last year I was more unfortunate than common in the loss of my cucumber plants, three successive crops having been wholly cut off. But towards the end of June, having heard that Spirits of turpentine would preserve them, I planted seed the fourth time, and as soon as the plants had begun to get forward, I procured the spirit and mixed it with about the same quantity of water, with which I lightly touched the ground round the plants; and the consequence was that neither the bugs nor worms molested the vines, and my crop of cucumbers was as good as any I ever had.
AN OLD FARMER.
AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
FROM THE WESTERN STAR.
Wool carding machines, on the European plan, for picking, breaking and carding sheep's wool into rolls, are now in operation in Millin county, one at equine Watson's mill, on Lost creek, and another at the mill of John Flemming, in Kithacouillis Valley. The following is an account of their manner of operation, as published by the proprietors.
"The work will be done far preferably to any hand carding. As the rolls are free from dirt and knots, the wool retains its full length. One third more can be spun in the same time than can be from hand carding; the yarn is more even and smooth, wavers and dresses better, and the cloth is handsomer and more durable. The wool mixes to perfection. Little more need be said in favor of this manner of preparing the wool for spinning, than that it is the only one now in use in Europe, from whence we import all our best and finest cloths—and that it has become universal in all of the northern and eastern states, by which they have greatly improved in these cloths, beside the saving in expense. The burs and sticks must be extracted, and the wool sent in fleeces, with one pound of grease to 8 pounds of wool. It will be picked, broke and carded into rolls for 10 cents per pound, with the addition of 2 cents for mixing and 5 cents for breaking only. The rolls will be so packed as to be carried on horseback 40 miles without injury."
MR. FIELD—SIR,
Believing that the following account of an extraordinary case of monstrosity, would be acceptable, and well deserving publication, I have sent it to you for that purpose.
I am very respectfully,
Sir,
Your obedient servant,
J. S.
Petersburg, 26th June, 1805.
A negro woman, in the seventh month of pregnancy, was on Monday last, in this town, delivered of twins.
One of the children was perfectly formed, and lived a few minutes; the other exhibited, perhaps, one of the most singular and extraordinary appearances, that has been recorded.
It was considerably larger in the body than the other, having the spine, chest and umbilical cord, perfectly formed, but without head, or the smallest appearance of any, the space between the shoulders being smooth and not prominent, with a small indentation resembling an aperture, at equal distances from the points of the shoulders.
The upper extremities were in proportion to the body, but short and terminated abruptly below the elbows, with small appendages like fingers, to the ends, without wrists or hands.
The lower extremities were likewise short, with the knees, legs, feet and toes, not imperfectly formed.
From an unwillingness to do any thing that might disfigure the external appearance, it was not opened, although, to ascertain the exact position and state of the internal parts, particularly the heart and large blood vessels therewith connected, would be an important object to the physiologist.
This, however, can yet be done, by an expert anatomist, at any future period, as it is carefully preserved in spirit, and which to gratify the public curiosity, is deposited at the shop of Messrs. Joseph Bragg & Co.
Peters. Repub.
RACING.
NEW-MARKET, May 8, 1805.
THE commencement of the Fall Races at this course, is fixed to be on the 4th Monday in October, being the 21st of the month. Exclusive of the Jockey Club Purse of 450 dollars, the proprietors of 225, and a handy cap of 200 dollars; there are two post flukes for 3 and 4 years old, entrance 300 dollars each, play or pay; the subscribers to which, (4 to each) being already obtained, establishes them, and the subscription remaining open till the evening before the running of each fluke, gives the most flattering prospect of their amounting to 2000 dollars each. The fall meeting at New-Market, will consequently be well worth the attention of gentlemen of the turf, to whom this early notice is principally addressed.
R. BATE, Proprietor.
[I am SL]
TO BE SOLD,
On liberal credit, and in lots to suit purchasers, FROM two hundred and fifty to three hundred acres of LAND, in the county of Henrico, about four miles from Richmond—a distance which renders it but little liable to pillage, yet sufficiently near to one of the best and most improving markets in the United States.
The advantages of small farms near large towns, are so obvious and generally admitted, as not to require particular enumeration. Persons residing in the city with large families, and who are obliged to keep horses, would be able in one year to save more than the original purchase. For further particulars enquire of Mr. Thomas Norvell.
May 14. [adff.]
LINSEED OIL.
A Quantity of Dutch Boiled LINSEED OIL, For Sale by THOMAS WHITE.
May 21. tsw
HANDSOME PROPERTY FOR SALE.
THE subscriber offers for sale his Brick House on Shockoe-hill, in which he resides at present, containing five large rooms, an airy passage ten by thirty seven feet, two rooms in the garret, two closets, and three rooms in the cellar, with requisite out buildings. The house is finished in a neat and handsome style, several of the rooms the walls of which are painted and stuccoed.
Attached to the house are two valuable half acre LOTS, (town measure) either or both of which may be had therewith.
Virginia Bank Stock, or State Military Certificates will be received in payment for the whole, or one third cash in hand and a credit of one and two years for the residue.
For further particulars, apply to the subscriber on the premises.
SPOTSWOOD LIPSCOMB.
June 18. (T4w)
FOR SALE.
THE TENEMENT now in the occupancy of Mr. John Carter, situated on the Main-street, opposite the property on which Mr. Archibald Blair resides. This property is truly desirable, being in a healthy and respectable neighbourhood, convenient to the Capitol and also the active scenes of business.
The improvements consist of a convenient dwelling house, containing two rooms, and a passage on each floor, with all requisite out houses, and a well of water inferior to none in this city. For further particulars enquire of the subscribers.
PROSSER & MONCURE.
June 18. (law4w)
POLITE ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR YOUNG LADIES.
AT WILLIAMSBURG.
Those who are acquainted with the excellent society of Williamsburg, a recommendation of it as an eligible scene for the education of Young Ladies, is unnecessary. Mr. & Mrs. ANDERSON, who continue to receive more pupils into their family, have endeavored to add to the advantages of the situation, by forming an establishment, intended to unite, under the same roof, the various branches of female instruction and improvement. Parents, who feel interested on this subject, are invited to enquire into the merit of their institution. Letters addressed to Mr. L. Anderson, Post-Master, Williamsburg, will be duly attended to.
June 18. (Ttf)
VIRGINIA, to wit:
At a Chancery District Court held in the city of Williamsburg, the 6th day of April, 1805.
Helen Gilmore, widow and relict of Robert Gilmore, deceased; and John Morton Gilmore and Robert Gilmore, only children of the said Robert Gilmore, deceased, Plaintiffs.
Against
Bogle Somerville and company, and Bogle Jameson and company, and James McGreggor, John Robertson and Cunningham Corbett, trustees for the creditors of the aforesaid companies, and Gavin Lawton, Defendants.
T appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that the defendant Gavin Lawton, since the institution of this suit, has left this country, and the said defendant not having given security according to the acts of assembly and the rules of this court—on the motion of the plaintiffs, by their counsel, it is ORDERED, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiffs; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former capital in this city.
A Copy. Teste,
ANTHY ROBINSON, C. C.
May 21. t2m
FOR SALE—BY THE SUBSCRIBER:
LOAF SUGAR, by the hhd. bbl. or single loaf, direct from Pennington's Manufactory, Philadelphia: SOAL and UPPER LEATHER, on moderate terms.
Also,
PRIME SPANISH HIDES.
MICAIAH DAVIS.
6th mo. 11th. '05. (STf)
A TRACT OF LAND.
JOHN GILMER, wishes to sell a tract of land, consisting of 330 acres, lying within half a mile of Charlottesville. Any person wishing to purchase, may see the land, and know the terms by applying to him in that place.
June 4. (1a w3w.)
JUST RECEIVED,
And for sale at Ritchie & Worley's book store:
HISTORY of the CIVIL WAR IN IRELAND; containing an impartial account of the proceedings of the Irish Revolutionists, from the year 1782, until the suppression of the intended Revolution. To which is prefixed, a Geographical and Historical account of Ireland.
By the Rev. JAMES GORDON.
With copious Additions and Corrections from various authors upon this subject; particularly prepared for the first American Edition. June 4.
JAMES SEABROOK, TAYLOR.
RETURNS his grateful acknowledgements to his friends and the public, for their liberal encouragement, and informs them, that he continues to carry on his business in all its various branches, nearly opposite the Post Office and next door to Ritchie & Worley's Printing-Office. And as he has established a regular correspondence in Philadelphia, gentlemen may depend on having their clothes made in the newest fashion.
May 14. (STf.)
N. B. A few good JOURNEYMEN wanted, to whom liberal wages will be given.
IN HANOVER COUNTY COURT,
April 29th, 1805.
Austin Morris, Plaintiff.
Against
John Crenshaw, Defendant.
In Chancery.
HIS day came the plaintiff by his counsel, and the defendant not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country, on the motion of the plaintiff it is Decreed and Ordered, That the defendant do appear here on the first day of the next quarterly term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff; and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some one of the newspapers printed in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and that another copy be posted at the front door of the Court-house in this county.
A Copy. Teste,
THOS. POLLARD, D.C.M