The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-12-04 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM...payable in advance.
NUMBER 61.]
TUESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 4, 1804.
[VOLUME I.]
CONDITIONS.
 I. THE ENQUIRER will appear twice a week...During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment FIVE DOLLARS per annum, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
IN COUNCIL, NOVEMBER 26, 1804.
PRESENT, THE GOVERNOR, MR. M'RAE, MR. STUART, MR. FOUSHEE, MR. HEATH.
THE Board proceeded to the examination of the returns made by the Commissioners of the several counties within this commonwealth, appointed and commissioned in pursuance of the act passed 21st January 1804, to amend an act, entitled "an act to amend an act, entitled, an act for appointing Electors to choose a President and Vice-President of the United States" and thereupon find the greatest number of Votes throughout the State in favour of the 24 persons following:
 Richard Evers Lee, of Norfolk Borough  John Goodrich, of Isle of Wight  Edward Pegram, of Dissemin  Doct. Richard Field, of Bucksport  Thomas Read, of Charlotte  Creed Taylor, of Cumberland  William H. Cabell, of Amherst  George Penn, of Patrick  George Wythe, of City of Richmond  John Taylor, of Giles  Larkin Smith, of King & Queen  John Minor, of Spotsylvania  William Elzey, of Loudoun  William Dudley, of Warwick  Mann Page, of Giles  John T. Maclay, jun. of King George  Richard Brent, of Prince William  Hugh Holmes, of Fredricks  James Daily, of Northampton  James Allen, of Shenandoah  Archibald Stewart, of Amelia  James M'Farlane, of Russell  Gen. John Preston, of Montgomery  William M'Kinley, of Ohio 
whose names are therefore this accordingly ad- ver- tised as directed by the first section of the said act, and pursuant to the 6th section of the act of assembly passed on the 10th of October 1792, the said Electors are hereby notified that the first Wed- nesday in December next, at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, is the time and place of their meeting.
(ATTEST) DANIEL L. HYLTON, C. C. November 28.—[ep. St.]
Auction Sales.
THOMAS TAYLOR & Co.
WILL in future sell at the store occupied by M. W. Hancock & Co. on Wednesdays in each week; and at their office, on Tuesdays and Fridays as usual. Dec. 1, 1804. epif
Sales at Auction.
Will be sold at the Auction Room of the Subscribers, on TUESDAY, the 4th day of December next: ALL THE HOUSEHOLD and KITCHEN FUR- NITURE belonging to the estate of LISON TEMPLE, dec'd.—Also, a variety of articles in the Grocery Line. Six months credit will be allowed the purchasers for all sums above fifty dollars, on giving notes with approved indorsers, (negotiable at the Bank of Virginia) to the administrator. THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. Aud'rs. Nov. 28.
On the same day will be sold, privately, without reserve: ABOUT two thousand dollars worth of GOODS, consisting of Dimes, Calicoes, Cutlery and Hardware. Terms of sale 90 days.—Notes with approved indorsers, negotiable at the Bank of Virginia, will be required. T. T. & Co. Nov. 28. tds
Sales at Auction.
WILL be sold on the premises, on Saturday the 8th day of December next, the corner BRICK TE- NEMENT, on Shockoe Hill, opposite to Mrs. Page's Terms of sale—One-third cash—unpaid in 60 days, the remainder in 120 days; for which notes with approved indorsers negotiable at the bank, will be expected. THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. V. M. Dec. 1, 1804. (epid.)
Sales at Auction.
WILL be sold at public auction, for ready money, on Wednesday the 19th day of December next, the HOUSE & LOT near the mouth of Shockoe Creek, at present occupied, by B. J. Harris, and commonly called the Shot-Factory—the title papers may be seen at any time by applying to THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. V. M. Nov. 24. ep tds
THOMAS COURTNEY—TAYLOR:
VERY respectfully begs permission to acquaint the public, that he still continues to occupy the house on the Main-street opposite the Bank, and im- mediately above Mr. Davis's Printing-Office. He tenders his most grateful acknowledgments to those gentlemen who have been so obliging as to favor him with their custom; and assures them and the public generally, that no exertion shall be wanting to ensure a continuance of patronage.
Two or three good workmen would meet with employment by applying as above; and a couple of active lads are wanting as apprentices. Dec. 1. epif
J. P. HOPKINS,
RESPECTFULLY informs his friends and enfriends that he has engaged a sufficient number of good workmen, and will be thankful for a continuance of their favours. Dec. 1. T S Sgw
ASTONISHING INVISIBLE LADY.
THE ACOUSTIC TEMPLE,
Incomprehensible Crystal, and reflecting Mirror.
Is now exhibiting in Richmond in the cross street leading from the Main Street between the Eagle and the Union Taverns, at the house lately occupied by Mr. Pollard, and since by Mr. Warren, as the Profile- Office.
THE amateurs of science and curious experiments will find in this exhibition the most surprising phenomenon that has ever been discovered in acou- stics; the proprietor therefore presumes to flatter him- self that the enlightened and liberal public will honor his performance with the same degree of applause which has so uniformly attended it in Paris, London, Liverpool and New-York.
This inexplicable Auricular and optical Illusion,
Which professes to expose the practices of artful impostors, pretended magicians, and exorcists, and to op- en the eyes of those who still follow an absurd belief in ghosts, witches, conjurations, dame nixie, &c. will en- able the attentive observer to form a just idea of the artifices by which they imposed on the credulous and superstitious, in this and former ages; and afford also to the spectator an interesting and pleasing entertainment.
Description of the Exhibition.
In a temple, representing those where the Egypti- ans delivered their oracles, is a small altar, and a crys- tal (as described by Dr. Dee, &c.) for consulting spi- rits. From this proceed the orals for conveying ques- tions and answers. The whole apparatus is uncon- nected with surrounding objects.
A conversation may be held on any subject—sing- ing, laughing, breathing, &c. close to the ear of the audience; describing their number, dress, motion, &c. without any visible interference of agency, and so completely deceiving the senses, as to appear to be the effect of magic.
The above wonderful and incomprehensible ex- hibition, which has excited the astonishment and grati- fied the curiosity, of the amateurs of science and the public in general, in London, &c. is now exhibiting, with improvements, as above described.
Hours of Exhibition, from 9 o'clock till 11, and from 2 till 6, and from 7 till 9 in the evening. Admission 75 cents.—Children 50. Nov. 7. (epif)
FOR SALE,
A: LOUISA Courthouse, on the first Wednesday in
December next,
180 VALUABLE SLAVES,
CONSISTING of Men, Women, Boys and Girls, belonging to the estate of Christopher Smith, dec'd. Among them is a valuable TANNER, regularly bred to the business. The subscriber has refused to sell any of them privately, and they will certainly be offered at public sale at the time above mentioned. A credit till the 10th of February, 1806, will be given, on the purchasers giving bonds with approved security, to carry interest from the date; but if the principal is punctually paid, the inter- est will be remitted.
CHARLES SMITH, Acting Executor of Christopher Smith, dec'd. October 3. (epid)
BANK OF VIRGINIA.
THE Stockholders are hereby notified, That the Second Instalment on their Shares will become due on Friday the 7th of December, when payment must be made at the Bank. J. BROCKENBROUGH, Cashier. Nov. 14. sw
THE subscriber is authorised to rent the house at
Hay-Market now occupied by John Heath esq. The house is large and convenient, and may be ob- tained on reasonable terms. Possession will be given on the on the first of December, when Mr. Heath's term ex- pires. PHILIP N. NICHOLAS. November 14.—[ep. St.]
BROKER'S OFFICE.
THE Subscriber has opened a Broker's Office, opposite the Union Tavern, and over the Counting-house of Thomas and Anna Lord. All business confided to him, will be transacted with faith and fidelity. THOMAS NORVELL. October 3. if
SADDLERY.
JOHN MCENERY, SADDLER, respectfully in- forms the public in general, and his friends in particular, that he has just received an elegant and well chosen assortment of Saddlery, Coach and Harness Mountings, Whips, Spurs, &c. &c. &c. laid in under his own inspection, whereby he is enabled to offer them on the most reduced terms. November 21.
FOR SALE—at Rocketts.
THE LOT, and two story BRICK HOUSE, con- taining three tenements, which the subscriber purchased at the sale of George Nicholson, deceased. The lot is well situated for a warehouse, and the brick building for a bake-house, lumber-house, or Tobacco Factory. JOHN ELLIS. November 14. if
MULES.—FOR SALE,
By the subscriber, at Mr. Hallam's, near the Capitol: SIXTY MULES, from two to three years old, and six for immediate use.—Also, Two JACKS. Cash, Produce, or Notes, with approved indorsers, payable at the Bank of Virginia, at 60 days, received in payment. J. S. HALSEY. Dec. 1. epif
TO RENT—For the ensuing year,
THE WHITE HOUSE at Hanover Court- house, together with the lots adjoining there- to, that are not attached to the Tavern. The house is a very commodious one with all the necessary offices.
Also, for rent, a field containing about an hundred acres adjoining the premises, well calcu- lated for the cultivation of corn. The above prop- erty will be rented separately or together, as may best suit those wishing to rent. Terms will be made known by the subscriber living at the Courthouse. BENJAMIN POLLARD, Trustee for the estate of PAUL THILMAN, dec'd. Dec. 1.
HAY-MARKET GARDENS
WILL be kept open during the session of the General Assembly, and Entertainment prepared. Good Mushrooms, Potatoes of first-works, English and other performers of celebrity, can be well accommodated with arrangements for their respective performances, or liberal terms.—Several rooms, ready furnished with beds, &c. to let. It is reserved at every, at the reduced price of 50. per night. Hay-Market, December 1.—(2)
Irish Linen and Madeira Wine.
JOHN HENRY has imported in the ship LATONA, captain Thurton, from Liverpool, a few small boxes of well assorted Irish LINEN, purchased in Dublin in July; which, with fine old London particular MADEIRA WINE in pipes and half pipes, he offers for sale on moderate terms. Nov. 7. epif
ELLIS & ALLAN,
HAVE received, by the late arrivals from London & Liverpool a very handsome assortment of GOODS, suitable to the season, which they will sell on moderate terms. November 14. (ep 3 w)
By the late arrivals from London and Liver-
pool,
W. MACKENZIE & CO.
HAVE RECEIVED THEIR
Fall Goods.
Nov. 7. ep 1w
FALL GOODS.
WILLIAM TEMPLE has received by the ship Edward and Charles, from London, AN EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF GOODS, suitable to the approaching season. He expects an ADDITIONAL SUPPLY, to complete his assortment, by the ship Sally from London, and Latona from Liverpool; which he will dispose of on his usual low terms. Sept. 8. epif
Fall and Fashionable Goods.
ROBERT JOHNSTON is now opening a general and well selected Assortment of FALL and FASHIONABLE GOODS, which he will sell on moderate terms for Cash, Produce, or at a short credit, by Wholesale or Retail;
AMONG WHICH ARE:
 Superfine & coarse cloths  Calimere & coatings  Manchester and patent cords  Sweatdowns & flannels  Boys Morocco caps  Ladies shoes & slippers  Steel backboards and col- lars  Oil cloths & oil skins  With linens and brown Hollands  Russia and Irish sheetings  German Osnaburgs and ticklenburgs  Chintzes, Calicoes and Cambricks  India Linenings and Sat- tins  Ironmongery & Cutlery  Gun Powder and Patent Shot  Looking Glasses & Ther- mometers  Whips, Spurs, &c. &c. &c. 
Nov. 7. Wif
LOW FOR CASH, OR ON SHORT CREDIT,
Direct from Pennington's Manufactory, Phila-
delphia;
LOAF SUGAR,
OF an excellent quality, either by the hog- head, barrel, or single loaf. The supply will be regular and large. ALSO—BAR IRON, by the ton or single bar: IRON CASTINGS of various kinds, by the ton or single piece, among which are a few tons of 50 and 60 lbs. weight. MICAIAH DAVIS. 4th of 7th mo. 1804. [eWgm]
NOTICE.
ALL persons indebted to the late firm of BUCHA- NAN, DUNLOP & CO. of Petersburg, RO- BERT POLLOK & CO. of Richmond, and DUN- LOP, POLLOK & CO. of Manchester, are hereby Notified, that James Dunlop, late a partner in the above concern, has become purchaser of the outstanding debts; they will therefore be pleased to make payment to Mr. John Thompson residing in Richmond, or the subscriber residing in Petersburg, who alone are authorised to make collections and grant discharges.—Suits will be indiscriminately com- menced against all who do not make payment before the first of February next. JOHN DUNLOP, Attorney for JAMES DUNLOP. Petersburg, Nov. 15, 1804. epif
P. A. PETICOLAS & HIS SON AUGUST,
PROFESSORS OF MUSIC,
RESPECTFULLY inform the Ladies and Gentle- men of the city of Richmond and its vicinity, that they intend to teach MUSIC on the PIANO FORTE or HARPISCHORD. Orders, from Ladies or Gentlemen, left at Mr. Fletcher's (the Rising Sun) or at Mr. Gamble's Store, will be particularly attended to.
P. A. P. TUNES INSTRUMENTS.
MINIATURE PAINTING; good likenesses, warranted by himself. Dec. 1. T & Sgw
WASHINGTON TAVERN.
THE subscriber has taken a lease of this tenement for a number of years, and has put it in a state of repair which renders it not inferior to any in this City. Besides the Tavern he has detached buildings, well calculated to accommodate those who are anxious of greater privacy than a tavern usually affords. These tenements adjoin the public square, and are within two hundred yards of the Capitol. They have decided advantages over any other houses in this City, with respect to pure air and excellent water. He has good stables and a constant supply of the best forage. He renders his services to his friends and the public, and assures them, that no unlawful gaming, nor any other practice which might, in any degree, have a tendency to disturb the peace of his house, will ever be permitted.
EDWARD HALLAM. Richmond, September 29. N. B. About twenty members of the next Assembly may be well accommodated, of whom eighteen have already engaged.
E. H.
THREE DWELLING HOUSES
TO BE RENTED.
ONE situate at the foot of Adams' hill, and but a small distance from the Masons Hall, lately occupied by Mr. Thomas Underwood; on this lot there is a very good and well enclosed garden, a well of excellent water and other conveniences. One other situate in the alley between the street leading to Shockoe warehouse, and that leading to Mayo's Bridge, lately occupied by Mr. John Robbins.
The other situate in the back street near Harris's Tobacco-manufactory, and the Rock landing—having a large garden well enclosed, and at present occupied by Mr. Henry Tompkins.
Possession of the two first described may be had immediately, and of the other on the first of January next.
Apply to JOSEPH GALLAGHO.
WHO HAS FOR SALE,
A light Coach, nearly new, with plated mounted harness, suitable for two horses. 14th October. (epif)
REPORT.
In obedience to the directions of the act, supplementary to the act, entitled "An act to establish the Treasury Department," the Secretary of the Treasury respectfully submits the following
REPORT AND ESTIMATES—
REVENUE.
THE net revenue, arising from duties on merchandise and tonnage, which accrued during the year 1803, and on which the estimates of last year were predicated, amounted, as will appear by the statement (A.) to ten millions one hundred and fifty four thousand dollars. The net revenue, arising from the same source, which accrued during the year 1803, has amounted, as appears by the same statement, to eleven millions three hundred and six thousand dollars. And it is ascertained that the net revenue which accrued during the three first quarters of the year 1804, considerably exceeds that of the corresponding quarters of the year 1803. Without drawing any inference from the increase of the present year, an increase which must be ascribed to the situation of Europe, and will eventually be diminished by subsequent re-exportations; that branch of the revenue may, and the amount of the Mediterranean fund, be falsely estimated at ten millions seven hundred and thirty thousand dollars: which is the average of the two years 1802 and 1803. The actual payments in the treasury on account of those duties, during the year ending on the 30th September last, amount nearly to the same sum; (a) and there is no reason to suppose that the receipts of the ensuing will fall short of those of last year.
The statement (B) exhibits, in detail, the several species of merchandise and other sources, from which that revenue was collected during the year 1803.
It also appears that the revenue, arising from the sales of public lands, is gradually increasing. The statement (C) shows that, exclusively of the September sales at Cincinnati, three hundred and fourteen thousand acres have been sold during the year ending on the 30th of September last. The proceeds of those sales, calculated on the supposition that every purchaser will be entitled to the discount allowed in the case of prompt payment, would yield five hundred and fifteen thousand dollars. And notwithstanding the difficulties which exist, in drawing into the treasury the monies collected by the receivers of the remote land offices, it is believed that the actual receipts from that source, will, for the ensuing year, exceed four hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
The permanent revenue of the United States, may therefore, including the duties on postage and other small incidental branches, be computed at eleven millions two hundred thousand dollars.
And the payments in the treasury during the year 1803, on account of the temporary duties which constitute the "Mediterranean fund" are estimated at five hundred and fifty thousand dollars; making in the whole, for the probable receipts of that year, a sum of eleven millions seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars, 11,750,000
EXPENDITURES.
The expenses of the year 1803, which must be defrayed out of that revenue, consist of the following items:
 1. The annual appropriation of eight millions of dollars for the payment of the principal and interest of the public debt; of which near 3,700,000 dollars will be applicable to the discharge of the principal, and the residue to the payment of interest, 8,000,000  2. For the civil department and all domestic expenses of a civil nature, including military pensions, the light house and mint establishments, and the expenses of surveying public lands, 952,000  3. For expenses incident to the intercourse with foreign nations, including the payment of awards under the 7th article of the British treaty, and the permanent appropriation for Algiers, 294,000  4. For the military and Indian departments, including the permanent appropriation for certain Indian tribes, 954,000  5. For the naval establishment, viz. annual appropriation charged to the ordinary revenue, 650,000  Extra expenses of the last expedition against Tripoli, which will be payable in the year 1805, and the charge to the Mediterranean fund, 1,240,000  6. Reserved out of the Mediterranean fund for meeting other extraordinary expenses which may be incurred under the act constituting the fund, 100,000  Making altogether eleven millions five hundred and forty thousand dollars, and deducted from the revenue of 11,750,000  Leaves a surplus of more than two hundred thousand dollars, 210,000 
MEDITERRANEAN FUND.
The sum which may probably be received during the year 1805, on account of that fund, and the payments during that year, which will ultimately be charged to the fund, are included in the preceding estimate of receipts and expenditures; but it is necessary to give a distinct view of the whole amount of the revenue and expenses under that head.
The value of merchandise, paying duties, ad valorem, which was imported in the year 1802, amounts, after deducting the exportations of the same year, to thirty one millions seven hundred and six thousand dollars. The value of the same description of merchandise imported in the year 1803, amounts to thirty four millions three hundred and seventy thousand dollars. The additional duty of two and a half per cent. on that description of imported articles constitutes the Mediterranean fund, and calculated on the average importations of the two years, would have yielded annually eight hundred and
twenty six thousand dollars. But several articles which, in the years 1802 and 1803, paid duties ad valorem, having, in lieu thereof, been charged with specific duties, by an act of last session, are not liable to the additional duty of two and a half per cent. Although the value of those articles cannot be precisely ascertained, it is believed that the deduction on that account will not amount to fifty thousand dollars, and that the proceeds of the additional duty may be computed at the annual sum of seven hundred and eighty thousand dollars; and for the eighteen months commencing on the 1st July 1804, and ending on the 31st December, 1805, at one million one hundred and seventy thousand dollars.
The expenses authorised under the act constituting the fund have been predicated on that estimate, and apportioned in the following manner:
 1. For the navy department (in addition to the annual appropriation of 650,000 dollars) viz: There had been advanced from the ordinary revenue, prior to the 30th Sept. 1804, 350,000  A further payment will be made before the 1st January, 1805, of 130,000  To be paid during the year 1805, on account of this fund, as stated under the fifth item of expenditures for that year, 590,000  2. Reserved for other extraordinary expenses which may be incurred for the same object, being the sixth item of expenditures for the year 1805, 100,000  1,070,000 
Those duties began to operate on the first day of July last, but as they are payable six, eight, nine, ten, and twelve months after the importation, no part will be paid in the treasury during the present year; and a sum of only 550,000 dollars, is expected to be received in the course of the year 1805. For that sum only credit has been taken in the general estimate of receipts for that year; whilst a part of the 1,070,000 dollars, chargeable to the fund, has already been expended; and the rest is included in the preceding estimate of expenses for 1805. The differences amounting to 620,000 dollars, will, at the end of next year, consist of outstanding bonds payable in 1806; and if the additional duty should, as well as the extraordinary expense for which it is appropriated, cease at that time, that outstanding balance will, as it is collected, replace in the treasury the sum advanced from the ordinary revenues in anticipation of the proceeds of the fund. For it is hoped that the situation of the treasury will render it unnecessary to recur to the authority, given by the act, to borrow on the credit of the fund.
Balance in the Treasury.
The greater part of the balance of 5,360,881 dollars and 54 cents, which on the 30th day of September, 1803, remained in the treasury, was, in the last year's report, considered as applicable to the payment of certain extraordinary demands therein stated. As no payment has

From the 1st day of April, 1801, to the 30th September, 1804, the following debts which originated prior to that period have been discharged.   1. Payment on account of the domestic and foreign debt, as above stated, 13,576,891 86  2. First instalment of the sum payable to Great Britain "in satisfaction and discharge of the money which the United States might have been liable to pay in pursuance of the provisions of the sixth article of the treaty of 1794," 888,000   14,464,891 86
Making all together, 16,265,472 12 And from which deducting 15,000,000 being the purchase money of Louisiana leaves, 1,265,472 12
A difference of more than twelve hundred thousand dollars in favor of the U. S. It may be added that if the revenue shall, during the ensuing year, prove, as is not improbable, more productive than has been estimated, the surplus will be applied towards the payment of the above mentioned sum of 1,750,000 dollars, yet unprovided for, on account of the American claims, and will so far diminish the amount of the loan authorized for that object.
From the preceding statements and estimates, it results that the United States have, during the period of three years and an half, ending on the 30th Sept. last, discharged a larger amount of the principal of their old debt, than the whole amount of the new debt, which has been or may be created in consequence of the purchase of Louisiana; and that their existing and growing resources will, during the ensuing year, be sufficient, after defraying the current expenses of the year, and paying more than 3,750,000 dollars, on account of the engagements resulting from the French and British conventions, to discharge a further sum of near three millions & seven hundred thousand dollars, of the principal of the public debt.
All which is respectfully submitted. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, November 19th 1804.
The Secretary of the Treasury respectfully reports to the House of Representatives of the United States, THAT for the service of the year 1805, the following appropriations, as detailed in the estimates herewith transmitted, appear to be necessary.
For the Civil list, or the support of government, including the contingent expenses of the several departments and offices, sundry expenses incident to the assessment of the direct tax, and the civil expenses of the territory of Orleans, 611,911 50
For Miscellaneous Expenses, viz. For the payment of grants and annuities, 1,500 For military pensions, 98,000 For the support of the mint establishment, 9,400 For the support of light houses, beacons, buoys, and public piers, and other establishments for the security of navigation, including six months additional supply of oil to the several light houses, 126,776 53
For defraying the expenses of surveying the public lands in the territories of Indiana and Mississippi, 40,000 For defraying the expenses of the second census, 14,162 77 For the purchase and erection of wharves and stores under the quarantine law, 17,132 01 (The two last sums being the unexpected balances of former appropriations.) For satisfying miscellaneous claims, 4,000
810,982 31
For the Expenses of Intercourse with Foreign Nations, viz. For the diplomatic department, 77,050 For the expenses incident to the intercourse with the Barbary powers, 113,500 For the payment of awards under the 7th article of the British treaty, 70,000 For aid to distressed seamen in foreign countries, 5,000 For prosecuting claims in relation to captures, 4,000
269,550  For the Military Establishment, viz. For the army, including expenses of transportation and contingent expenses, 711,122 82 For fortifications, arsenals, magazines, and armories, 133,296 88 For the Indian department, 92,600 For the pay and emoluments of the commanding officers of the five districts of Upper Louisiana, 5,971 77
942,992 48  For the Naval Establishment, viz. For the expenses of six frigates, two brigs, and three sloops in actual service, 743,638 64 For the crew of the frigate 'Philadelphia,' 71,340 76 For the expenses of two gun boats in actual service, 22,078 92 For the repairs and expenses of the vessels in ordinary, including the half pay of the officers not in actual service, 228,957 10 For the support of the marine corps, 110,434 56 For improving navy yards, docks, and wharves, 60,000 For completing the marine barracks, 3,500
1,240,000  Dollars, 8,375,435 29
Amounting in the whole to three millions three hundred and seventy-five thousand four hundred and thirty five dollars and twenty nine cents. The funds out of which appropriations may be made for the purposes before mentioned, are, First, The sum of six hundred thousand dollars of the proceeds of duties on imports and tonnage, which will accrue in the year 1805, which sum is by law annually reserved for the support of government.
Secondly, The surplus of the proceeds of the additional duty of two and an half per cent. ad valorem laid on certain description of imported merchandise, by the act "further to protect the commerce and seamen of the United States against the Barbary powers," which may accrue to the end of the year 1805, after satisfying the expenses already incurred on the credit of that fund.
Thirdly, The surplus of the revenue and income of the United States which may accrue to the end of the year 1805, after satisfying the objects for which appropriations have been heretofore made.
The Secretary also transmits a statement of the receipts and expenditures of the United States for the year prior to the first of October last, being the latest period to which an account can be prepared.
All which is respectfully submitted. ALBERT GALLATIN, Secretary of the Treasury. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, November 17th, 1804.
Domestic Intelligence.
MASSACHUSETTS. We have the satisfaction of announcing the official result of the Massachusetts election for Electors. The votes given in the several counties are as follows:
   Counties of Repub. Federal.     Plymouth, 2088 1186   Bristol, 1789 1137   Berkshire, 2146 1520   Norfolk, 2031 980   Kennebec, 1818 931   Hancock, 701 470   York, 1923 556   Suffolk, 1585 2298   Essex, 3194 8060   Middlesex, 5686 1646   Worcester, 2943 5770   Hampshire, 2547 5129   Cumberland, 1171 1521   Lincoln, 1070 980   Barnstable, Duke county and Nantucket, 960 549   29499 25833  
Repub. majority 3654 About 750 republican votes were lost from informal returns. The bona fide majority therefore exceeds the foregoing.
The entire representation to Congress is composed of the following gentlemen, ten republican and seven federal.
Republican—Joseph B. Varnum, Phineas Bishop, Richard Cutts, Ebenezer Seaver, J. Crowningshield, *Orchard Cook, Joseph Baker, *Isaiah L. Green, *Barn. Bidwell, *John Chandler.
Federal—Peleg Wadsworth, Samuel Taggart, Seth Hastings, Wm. Stedman, *Josiah Quincy, Wm. Ely, *Jerem. Nelson. * New members.
NEW-JERSEY. BURLINGTON, Nov. 15.
On Saturday afternoon the 10th inst. a man named Joseph Hutchin, fell off the town wharf into the river, and remained in the water about twenty minutes before he was found and taken out. The usual exertions to restore suspended animation were made by the Humane Society of this place, and other citizens by their direction. For the space of an hour very little hopes of success were entertained, but by active perseverance, before the end of the second hour, the powers of life had resumed their operations, and by Sunday morning the man was able to walk about his room. Though still feeling the effects of the accident, he seems to be gradually recovering his usual health.
The above account shows the efficacy not only of active but of long continued exertions; and it is hoped will serve to induce the like perseverance in cases similar to the foregoing. While the smallest spark of life is left the fire may be rekindled, and it is probable a spark often remains in bodies which for a considerable time shew no signs of its existence.
James Monroe esq. of Virginia, has been nominated and appointed, minister extraordinary and plenipotentiary, to the court of Spain. The object, of this appointment, it is presumed, is to bring the pending negotiations between the two governments to a speedy termination. Aurora.
In addition to the particulars, which we lately published, respecting the new French minister, Gen. Turreau, we have since learned others of a description equally honorable to his character.
As an officer, of high consequence and great valor and ability, we find he had served from the commencement to the close of the war on the continent. He served in the army of the Rhine and Moselle, under Gen. Jourdan at the beginning of the revolution: and was present at most of the important actions. He commanded the right wing or division which was stationed in the Vallais, of the army of Massena, at the time it annihilated the Russians. He subsequently served in Piedmont and Italy; and was in the army under Souche, when Massena was in Genoa. His military career terminated with the battle of Marengo, at which he was present, as that event put a period to the war of the continent.
MARYLAND. ANNAPOLIS, Nov. 22.
Tuesday last the Hon. Robert Bowie was re-elected governor of this state for the ensuing year; and Richard H. Harwood, Allen B. Ducket, Richard T. Earle, Reverdy Ghiselin and Francis Digges, were elected the council to the governor. On this occasion salutes were fired by a detachment of captain Muir's company of artillery, and the French frigate Le President.
Yesterday Benjamin Harwood, esq. was appointed, by the house of delegates, treasurer of the western shore of this state.
Members of the 9th Congress. PENNSYLVANIA—18. Joseph Clay, Michael Leib, Jacob Richards, John Pugh, Frederick Conrad, Robert Brown, Isaac Anderson, Christian Lower, John Whitehill, John A. Hamlin, David Bard, Andrew Gregg, James Kelly, John Rhea, William Findley, John Smilie, John Hamilton, John B. C. Lucas—17 of whom are De-
mocratic Republicans—Mr. Kelley is a Federal Republican. CONNECTICUT—7. John Davenport, Calvin Goddard, Jonathan O. Moseley, Benjamin Tallmadge, Samuel W. Dana, Roger Griswold, John C. Smith. All Federal Republicans.
The following extract of a letter is from a Philadelphia paper. The facts which such communications will furnish may perhaps be interesting to several of our readers; but they will not fail to recollect that these facts are not always well authenticated, and the style in which they are conveyed not always temperate and just. We shall make occasional use of such communications to supply the secret springs of many Congressional measures, which are seldom introduced into the reporting paper: the Nat. Intelligencer. Perhaps it may yet be the good fortune of the Editor himself to establish a correspondence, with some enlightened observer at the seat of government, from which he may sometimes extract these interesting topics of information.
Extract of a letter from Washington, dated November 23.
"In the House of Representatives this day, the committee to whom was reported that part of the president's message which relates to the unauthorized arming of merchant ships, asked leave to report by bill, which being granted, a bill entitled an "act regulating the clearance of armed merchant vessels," was read twice, and committed to a committee of the whole house, for Monday next. This bill enacts, that no armed merchant vessel, or having on board materials by which they could arm at sea, shall be permitted to clear out from the ports of the U. States, until bonds and securities are given, to the amount of cargo and vessel, that they will not commit depredation or violence on vessels belonging to nations with whom we are at amity. An exception is made in favour of vessels bound to the Mediterranean, or beyond the Cape of Good Hope. Vessels of this description, however, are restrained under similar penalty, from committing depredations, on the vessels, &c. of nations at peace with us.
"The speaker of the house was ordered to inform the executive of New-York that in consequence of Dr. Mitchell's acceptance of his appointment to the senate, his seat in the lower house had become vacant.
"In senate, nothing was done this day. After waiting with some impatience until after twelve o'clock, (the members all this time engaged in writing, conversation, or something else) the Vice-President at length made his appearance. He immediately mounted the Chair, and had hardly taken his position, when it was moved to adjourn. He put the question, which being carried, he adjourned the senate until Monday, and instantly retired from the room, without a single interchange with any of the members of the ordinary acts of civility or respect.
"I am informed that Mr. Burr has dined with the president; and was, a few evenings since, one of a mixed party at Mr. Madison's.
"Although Congress, in their constituted form, have not yet done any business, it is well understood here, that the members in the ministerial interest, have not been inactive in founding the dispositions and wishes of the representatives, on the leading objects of the session. It is confidently stated, that strong fears are entertained by this party as to the result of the meditated trial of Judge Chase. Persons well informed on this subject, affirm, that the impeachment, if not relinquished, will eventually fail of its purpose.
"The building of the south wing of the capitol is in great forwardness; and will most probably be in a state of readiness for the accommodation of Congress at the next session. It is built with much strength and care.
"Mr. Thuriot, minister from France, had an audience with the president this morning."
The President of the United States, has promoted Franklin Wharton, Capt. Commandant of the Marine Corps, to be Colonel.
A letter from Washington, confirms the accounts heretofore given of Commodore Preble's attacks on Tripoli, with the following additional circumstances.
The attacks were made by six gun-boats (the frigates not being able to enter the harbour) they were opposed by fourteen gun-boats—in the first attack three of the enemy's gun-boats were sunk—in the second attack, make under cover of the night, a Polacca, and three gun-boats, each carrying 24 pounders, were taken. The Americans lost 3 officers and 20 seamen, killed; and 20 seamen, wounded. The enemy's loss in killed and wounded was not ascertained. [Register.]
APPOINTMENTS made by and with the advice of the Senate. George W. Erving of Massachusetts, Secretary of legation at the Court of Madrid. William Brown, late of Columbia, Collector of New-Orleans. William Lyman, of Massachusetts, Surveyor and inspector of New-Orleans.
Congress.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, November 26.
The Speaker laid before the House the following letter received by the Clerk.
Salem (Mass.) U. S. A. 16 Nov. 1804.
Sir, I have received with every sentiment of gratitude, the notice of the late appointment as Chaplain to the House of Representatives at Washington; the highest sense of the honor done me, and the most sincere affection to the administration of government in the United States urge my acceptance, but the nature of my habits and my present employments and engagements oblige me to ask that I may be permitted to continue my services to my country in the sincere duties which belong to my present situation, while I shall never forget the testimony of public favor, and never refuse to my country my best endeavours for its freedom and happiness.
I am with due respect, Your devoted servant, WILLIAM BENTLEY. John Beckley Esq. Clerk's Office of the House of Representatives of the U. States.
The petition of Benjamin Emmons as agent of sixty associates in Vermont, praying for a grant of land in Louisiana, for settlement, which was postponed at the last session, was called up.
Mr. Elliot moved its reference to a select committee. Mr. Nicholson thought it ought to go to the committee appointed on that part of the President's message which relates to the amelioration of the govern-
ment of Louisiana, and asked if such a motion would be in order?
The Speaker said that both committees must be considered as separate , and Mr. Elliot insisting on his motion, it was carried by a great majority, and a committee of seven appointed, viz. Messrs. Elliot, Clapton, Whitehill, Hastings, Palmer, Winston, and Butler.
Mr. Elliot presented the petition of Timothy Phelps, of Marlboro' in the state of Vermont, stating—That he was commissioned by the government of New-York, in 1782, as sheriff of the county of Cumberland in said state, now a part of Vermont; that while exercising the duties of that station, he was attacked and arrested under the assumed authority of Vermont, his personal property plundered, his real estate confiscated, and himself banished and forbidden to return on pain of death. That a statement of his wrongs and situation was made to Congress, convened at Philadelphia, in December, 1782, which body, after recognizing his case and that of others similarly circumstanced, passed resolutions, requiring full and ample restitution to be made to the sufferers, and that they should not be molested on their return, and pledging the faith of the United States that effectual measures should be taken to enforce a compliance with those resolutions. That, with these resolutions in his hand, the petitioner did return, and that the persons thus exercising the authority of Vermont, did not only disregard him, but imprisoned him for the space of five months, which added the loss of health to all his other sufferings; and submitting the justice of his claim for remuneration, to "The representatives of a great, free, and prosperous Republic."
Referred to the committee of Claims. Several petitions from Alexandria were read against Congress making any alteration in their charter at present.
P.ferred to the committee appointed on that subject.
The petition of George Ball, a lieutenant in the twelfth Pennsylvania regiment, who was wounded in 1777, and has never been cured, and in the opinion of competent judges never will; praying relief.
Referred to the committee of Claims.
A message from the president informing that he had approved and signed the act making further appropriation for carrying into effect the British convention.
A message from the Senate announcing their concurrence in the joint resolve in relation to captain Decatur, officers and crew.
The bill declaring the assent of Congress to the act of North Carolina, respecting lands in Tennessee went through the committee of the whole, and was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading to morrow.
The bill for the more effectual preservation of peace in the ports and harbors of the United States, and in the waters under their jurisdiction, went to the committee of the whole, Mr. Dawson in the chair.
The first section authorizes the President and other proper officers to call in aid of the Militia, Regular troops or armed vessels to execute civil process upon offenders who take refuge on board foreign armed vessels.
On motion of Mr. Nicholson, any commanding officer refusing to obey a requisition to this effect was subjected to a fine not exceeding 5000 dollars.
Mr. R. Griswold, observing in the latter part of the first section, the words "and if death ensues on either side those who are concerned in support of the civil authority, shall be justified, and those engaged in resisting shall be punished as in case of homicide committed in resisting a civil officer," wished to know what the punishment should be, as he did not recollect that Congress had heretofore ever made any law on this point, or perhaps it was intended to be punished under the State laws where the cases should arise; in the latter case the punishment would not be equal, for some states punished this offence with more severity, others more mildly. As this was a penal law he thought that great precision was expedient, so as to leave as little latitude as possible for construction.
Mr. Nicholson remarked that Homicide committed in resisting a civil officer did not stand in their statute book; but the law of 1789, defining crimes and punishments in the exclusive territory of the United States, man-slaughter; he would agree to strike out the first and insert the last, and then the punishment would be uniform for crimes of the same species, viz. three years imprisonment and 1000 dollars fine.
Mr. Nelson was sorry to differ from his colleague (Mr. N.) on this point, but he could not view the trifling punishment of fine and imprisonment, any wife adequate to the crime—Shall the murder of your officer in the execution of the duties of his office be committed for fine and imprisonment?—You fine your militia officer 5000 dollars for not going upon this service, and the man who kills him in resisting your process is fined 1000 dollars and imprisoned for three years. I should certainly recommend something more commensurate to the offence.
Mr. Nicholson remarked that Homicide, happening in resisting a civil officer, was not considered in the bill as murder; of course the punishment of death was not the proper one. Whether three years imprisonment and 1000 dollars fine was exactly what the punishment ought to be, he would not undertake to say. That however is the punishment to be inflicted on our own Citizens upon the commission of man-slaughter. But gentlemen should remember that fine and imprisonment is not the only punishment to which such criminals would be liable—upon their arrest they are delivered over to be dealt with according to law. He should have had no objection to let the punishment remain as it stood under the several states, but that he considered they were in a considerable degree unequal. The punishment in Maryland was different from that in New-York he believed, but he was certain that it was milder in Pennsylvania. The punishment by death might defeat the object of justice; it being more than the offence deserved. Juries would be inclined to mercy and acquit the criminal, in order to avoid taking his life upon their consciences. Liberty being one of the most desirable things on earth tends in some degree to justify, and if not to justify, at least diminish the offence, as flowing from the principle of self-defence.
Mr. Nelson would briefly state the case, and then he trusted his worthy friend would be of his opinion. They seemed to differ more about words than things. Man-slaughter was a hasty killing upon a sudden affray; this, it is true, was never punished with death, either here or in England; but murder was a deliberate killing with malice prepense, and in case such killing takes place in demanding an offender from on board an armed vessel and murder ensues, surely the party ought to suffer the punishment of a murderer. The crime of murder is not defined in any of the United States statutes; neither in Maryland, nor perhaps in the laws of any state in the Union; how then are we to come at the description of this offence, or distinguish it from man-slaughter, but by a reference to the common and statute laws of England, from which we have borrowed all our legal definitions. Look into all the elementary writers on criminal law, and you will find that the crime of murder is aggravated when a civil officer is killed in the execution of his official duties by a person maliciously opposing the course of legal jurisdiction, and as a punishment he is deprived of life, as a person unworthy of being any longer a member of society, and the clause in the bill contemplates the apportioning of the punishment to this description of Homicide, man-slaughter, or murder; call it which you will, the effect is the same, and you must support your officers in the execution of their duty or your laws will be without support.
Mr. Early. The observation made by the gentleman from Maryland who has just left down (Mr. Nelson) struck my mind very forcibly as deserving serious consideration; upon turning to the law of 1789 for the government of our forts, arsenals, &c. where the United States enjoy exclusive jurisdiction, I find that there is provision made as well for the case of murder as of man-slaughter; now with a view to make our penal law correspond throughout, I would suggest to the gentleman engaged in the discussion, whether it would not be as well to strike out all the words from "resisting" in the thirty-eighth line to the end of the period, and insert in their place the following, "and in case such killing amounts to murder, it shall be punished with death"—and in case such killing is only man-slaughter, then such offender shall be imprisoned not
exceeding 3 years, and fined not exceeding 1000 dollars.
Mr. Ralston observed, that when a death ensues in the case mentioned by the bill it must be murder—in ordinary cases between man and man, and death ensues by killing, it might be either murder or man-slaughter. Where are we to resort for a meaning but as it has been said, to the common law, as a known standard, uniform and inviolable. The decisions in the courts of the several states, and its laws on each of these crimes with accuracy. The definition is founded on the fact. If I take a life by beating a man with a weapon that may naturally be expected to produce death, and death ensues, then my using such a weapon proves malice prepense, for it is an illegal weapon—So if I arrest an officer in the execution of his legal duty, and kill him in the resistance, it is also murder, for my resistance was illegal and implies malice—Then according to the language of this act, if death ensues, it is murder and not man-slaughter. If a man strikes, another upon a sudden, beat, with a stick, upon the skull and death ensues, it is man-slaughter; but if he strikes with an iron crow-bar it is murder—the intention being inferred from the weapon. While Mr. R. urged the propriety of calling the present offence with murder, and consequently punishing its commission with death, he would not be understood as an advocate for that kind of punishment. On the contrary, he was desirous of ameliorating these severe punishments, and introducing a system that should reform the offender, and restore him, after repairing his offence, to his family and country—but this cannot at present be done; of course we must apply the rule of punishment as we find it to make it general and uniform.
Mr. Early, while he concurred in the general doctrine laid down by Mr. R. respecting the Common law, was not convinced that the manner in which they had been applied to this particular case was correct—It seemed to be Mr. R.'s opinion that no other offence than murder could be committed, if death ensued in resisting the officer, without looking far, he would adduce one case where a resistance to death would amount only to homicide. Suppose the marshal or sheriff does not conform himself in all things to the instructions of the President, or that he demeans himself improperly, and death ensues, will it be held that the resistance and its consequence amounts to murder. No certainly; but if he behaves properly, the killing is murder; hence this double provision is necessary to provide for the two cases.
(To be continued)
TUESDAY, November 27.
Mr. Richards forms the joint committee of enrolment, made a report that the joint resolution of the two houses in relation to Captain Decatur, his officers, and crew, was found upon examination to be correct.
Mr. Hope a new member from Pennsylvania appeared in the House and having taken the oath to support the Constitution, took his seat accordingly.
The engrossed bill declaring the assent of Congress to the act of North Carolina relating to lands in Tennessee, was read the third time passed and signed by Mr. Speaker.
On motion of Mr. Nicholson the committee of the whole on the bill for preserving peace in the ports and harbors of the United States and the waters within the jurisdiction was discharged, and the bill was recommitted to the committee that reported the same.
The petition of John Devoe who served in the Militia of New-Jersey during the war, and who was wounded near Fort Lee in 1776, praying to be put on the pension list was referred to the Committee of Claims.
Mr. R. Griswold presented the petition of Daniel Elridge, who was wounded in the attack at Groton, he is distressed and disabled also, referred to the same committee.
Mr. Crowninshield from the committee of Commerce and Manufactures reported in favor of allowing a drawback on goods exported from the United States to that port, when re-exported to a foreign country, with a bill intended for that purpose. Referred to the committee of the whole on Friday, and in the mean time ordered to be printed.
The House proceeded to ballot for a Chaplain in the stead of the Rev. Mr. Bentley resigned. On counting the votes and a majority not being found in favor of any one candidate, the House went into a second ballot and the result was that the Rev. Mr. Parkinson was chosen having 64 votes.
Mr. J. Randolph reported from the committee of ways and means, a bill making further appropriation for the contingent fund of the house, for the current year, and a partial appropriation for the year 1805, which was read twice, went through a committee of the whole and was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading to-morrow.
Mr. J. Lewis, from the committee on the George-town petition, praying to be authorized to erect a dam or causeway from Mason's Island to the west side of the Potomac, reported a bill in conformity thereto, which was read a first and second time, and ordered to a committee of the whole to-morrow, and that it be printed.
Mr. J. Lewis also reported a bill to incorporate the Washington Building and Fire Company, which was twice read, and referred to a committee of the whole on Friday next, and ordered to be printed.
Adjourned.
LOUISIANA.
A transport has arrived at New-Orleans, from Jamaica, with two hundred troops on board, belonging to the late army of St. Domingo. She was bound originally to Havre-de-Grace. These men took possession of the ship off the Blaye, and conducted her to Plaquemine, where they landed, with the consent of the officers, and were proceeding to New-Orleans along the banks of the river. It was thought that the introduction of these people would increase the discontents that prevailed there.
Ch: City Gazette. A letter, dated Tellico, October 25th, states that the day preceding the Convention held at that place with the Cherokees had broken up; and that the Commissioners could only obtain a small tract of land on the side of Georgia, that which is commonly called Wofford's Settlement. Little doubt, however, is represented to be entertained of all the land asked for being obtained in the spring.
JUST RECEIVED,
H

MR. STEWART.
—Well known in the literary world for the originality and boldness of his speculations, and not less distinguished by the extent of his travels and his various knowledge of living, man and manners, is now in Richmond, where he intends to execute a scheme, peculiarly interesting to an ardent and inquisitive mind. It is his intention to deliver, during the session of the Legislature, a Series of Lectures on the most curious and important subjects. The following sketch will more particularly develop the nature of these topics, and the various illustrations by which they will probably be enriched and embellished:—
THE LYCEUM;
Or, School of Philosophy—By John Stewart, The Traveller.
In which will be exhibited the discovery and exposition of the laws of Intellectual Power, in a course of Nine Lectures on the Human Understanding—To display its nature, its powers and its discipline, illustrated practically in the various characters of savage and civilized nations, viewed in Mr. Stewart's most extensive travels; in these lectures, visions, dreams, predictions, and all the extravagant phantoms of imagination, with the natural and unavoidable errors of reason, will be exposed and explained.
An Introductory Discourse to precede the Lectures, and explain their plan, conduct, and object.
A Discourse on Human Knowledge, to ascertain its power and explain its nature.
A Discourse on Language, to form a new file and discipline of speech.
A Discourse on Education, to establish a new mode of developing Human Energy.
A Discourse on Social Oeconomy, applied to American Politics, to conciliate all parties, and to identify the Patriot Citizen with the Universal Man.
At the particular request of the Editor, Mr. Stewart has been polite enough to furnish him with his last Lecture, from which he has also permitted him to make the following extract.
This may serve as a satisfactory specimen of the principles and capacities of the man, who proposes to investigate such important subjects. If the Editor is not mistaken, he thinks his readers will find in it a rich vein of very original thought, which does not every day meet his observation. If the speculations of Mr. Stewart do not exhibit the truth, they will at least command our curiosity; and next to the philosopher who develops to us some great principle, which was before unknown to us, that man most deserves our gratitude, who arouses the intellect and sets it upon new researches.
From the Lecture on SOCIAL ECONOMY.
AMERICAN CITIZENS,
At this momentous crisis of human history, produced by the active state of intellect in observation and science, having outstripped the powers of contemplation and sagacity; I shall expose to your attention the physical, moral and political state of your country, rather than any refined plans of projects, reforms and innovations, which would be preposterous in your advanced state of political perfectibility.
It is astonishing how forcibly the truth of nature is rumped by the pleat of opinion; under this influence there has not appeared a single political writer upon the policy of America, that has not twisted its condition and circumstances into the pleat of European opinion. I felt this influence upon my mind for a long time, although no individual ever possessed a temperament more disposed to reject its judgments, to examine its decisions, or to terminate its opinions, acquired by the spirit of universal travel; which having erased the prejudices of local education, had made my mind a pure and unblotted tablet to take the impression of natural truth, qualified by those of practical life. Notwithstanding this purity of intellectual temper, my mind was so possessed with the writings of political authors, that I observed nothing but the contest of popular and regal government, and the constant experience of all history, that had confirmed the necessity and rectitude of hereditary power—The death of George Washington, and the extraordinary change of public opinion in those principles and opinions which his illustrious integrity and confidence had imposed upon them, brought my mind into a new examination and more original view of American policy. I observed the condition of the American people to differ from all the nations of the world, both ancient and modern, in two most important circumstances, viz.—The equality of property and extent of territory to diffuse and perpetuate it.
This singular condition of individual independence, power and felicity, must require a code of policy as different from other nations as the elements of land and water require different laws for their inhabitants. In Europe property is monopolized without any capacity of diffusion, or equalization in unoccupied territory, and holds the balance of power between the sovereign and the subject. When the sovereign threatens, it flees refuge in popular liberty, as in the feudal wars of barons and nobles; and when the people threaten it flies to the sovereign, as in the disputes of the Patricians and Plebeians in the Roman republic.
Democracy being regarded by property, its greatest enemy despotism, has every where been established as its ultimate protector, and popular liberty was lost and abandoned as incompatible with the security of property, the sole object of social economy. This inestimable boon of nature, equality of property and territory to perpetuate it, if properly attended to and incessantly contemplated by American citizens, must conciliate all parties to the preponderating and invincible power of natural democracy, founded, not on the speculative rights of man, or refined axioms of opinionative politicians (whose minds can examine consequences only and not premises) but established on the immutable basis of equal property, as a physical force, that may from time to time be shaken by internal dissension, but can be broken and dissolved only by the physical force of foreign conquest.
I shall now endeavour to exhibit, with as much originality of observation, the cause of political disunion, as I have exposed to your view the unknown and unsuspected basis of American confederacy. In my moral researches in this country, my understanding has been frequently perplexed with the nicknames attached to political opinions. I heard the name of federalist and republican given as the characteristic appellation of the friends and foes to liberty; but how great was my astonishment when, in conversation with the most zealous of both characters, I found the federalist a staunch republican and the republican a staunch federalist without any exception. The federalist desired no change in the constitution to hereditary power, and the republican viewed no disposition to abolish the executive and senate in the establishment of a simple national assembly or pure democracy. The one was fain to be of the British and the other of the French faction, and I never met with a single American of any denomination, who did not hold in abhorrence the union or association with any foreign power.
I observed however a strong difference of character in political opinions and looking beyond their vulgar medium of imitative opinion caught by sympathy like gapping. I discovered two distinct characters of agricultural and commercial interests, which separated the inland from the maritime population in the northern and southern states. I found these interests distinguished the politic body like vice and virtue in the personal body of man. Agriculture in the moderation of its temperament formed by contentment simplicity, liberty and union, demanded a simple system of internal and external policy exempted from foreign alliance, taxation and tyranny.
Commerce on the other hand pursuing riches in a bold and extensive maritime enterprize and spending them in the luxury and refinement of European customs called for the energy of military power in armies and navies, foreign treaties, taxes and the energy of internal government. In this striking and palpable discrimination of agricultural and commercial interests, I detected the simple cause of American discord and not in the speculative axioms of the rights of man, formed by cabinet politicians who live among books and not among men. In detecting the cause of a disorder the physician is said to have performed half the cure; I shall now consider what remedies are to be used to advance towards a complete cure of the remaining half of the disorder of political discord.
The agriculturalist, which name I shall give to the beneficent and patriot citizen, must watch over the commercial interest with the same tender regard the wife man watches passions, to give them every innocent indulgence, but no noxious privilege or power. The agriculturalist having a great interest in commerce for the sale of his own productions, must support the commercialist to the full extent of that purpose and no farther because any effort beyond this would be noxious to both. The carrying trade, the smuggling trade, and the fighting or armed trade are highly injurious to the prosperity of the U. States, and dangerous in the extreme; to the seaports themselves whose gaming enterprize and foreign avarice impels their conduct. The smuggling or carrying trade is a great check on agricultural prosperity because it confuses the operation of wealth to seaports instead of promoting the settlement of the lands, as the farming of the American constitution. The smuggling trade has lavished in spoliation, more American property than would have settled all the lands on this side of the Mississippi, and thus encreased the population of America, beyond all danger of foreign conquest.
The carrying trade demands for its protection foreign treaties, which are repugnant and abhorrent to an agricultural people and their interests. The fighting trade, which at the crisis of European warfare, may be advantageous to the agricultural interest, in exporting a large and usual product to the West-Indies, will retribute this profit with a tremendous loss. The injured powers of Europe, at the epoch of peace will send a large force against the unprotected seaports of America, and ransom them with such a heavy contribution, that half a century of commerce will not recompense. It is usual with the best informed of American politicians, not only to regard the rivalry of European powers, as a bulwark of security against conquest, but also to expect from it a temporary protection from resentment.
The full opinion is correct, that the rivalry of European powers, is an indestructible bulwark against American subjection, but the latter opinion of protection against resentment is false, because the rival powers in courting the friendship of America, will rejoice at the aggression of a rival that carries in it resentment only, and not conquest. The conduct of the present administration, is so well calculated to reconcile the different interests of the country, that it relieves me totally from the invidious task of offering speculative remedies, when practical ones are in full execution. The commerce of the Mediterranean, more beneficial to the seaports than the farmers, because the carrying trade exceeds the product or export trade, is now defended by the administration as a conciliatory concession of the agricultural, to the commercial interest, by consented with cheerfulness to a new indirect taxation levied for that purpose. The administration of this country, pursuing a consistent policy with its fundamental interests, think it prudent to resist the demands of tribute from the piratical states of the Mediterranean, because a very small armament adequate to the nature and resources of the American confederacy, is competent to effect that purpose, and at the same time to appease the dissensions of the agricultural and commercial parties, by identifying their interests, when no serious injury is threatened thereby to the confederacy, and means of hostility are competent to their ends of peace.
The preceding federal administrations, as they were called, though I think more properly commercial, have had been their title, following the experience of European history, (though the singular condition of American policy could have no parallel in Europe) fitted out six frigates, and prepared six ships of the line to contend with the great maritime powers of Europe, for the privileges of a carrying trade; in which attempt the agricultural interest, was totally sacrificed to the commercial, & the equipage of conciliatory interest, was lost with the long, popular and confidential administration that attempted it. This unhappy and incongruous policy with the interests and circumstances of an agricultural nation, was not certainly the effect of a personal and selfish ambition, but of the common habit of human prejudice, to follow the bias of example and opinion without considering the vicissitude of moral and physical circumstances of different nations. The last and most important measure of conciliation must be attended to in the disposal of public offices. The public functionaries are all agents of a permanent government, and not the servants of an executive or personal power. Among an agricultural people, public economy, forming the first principle of conciliatory confidence, will reduce the emoluments of office to so weak an influence, that it can have no power over public opinion, on whose basis every administration must rest their support. The present administration came into power, in opposition to all the influence of office, and the same public opinion which elevated them, must be at all times sufficient for their support, independent of all executive influence. In the old and corrupt governments of Europe, public officers are attached to the government, and not to the person of a minister, who changes only with his change the high officers and counsellors of state, but never removes the vast number of subordinate agents, who must obey his orders to conduct the machine of government, whatever may be their private opinions of policy. In the old countries the offices of state, are provisions for life, because the person holding such, having given up all professional pursuits for the appointment, the removal from office would be the privation of subsistence, and a routine of discharge attending every change of a minister, would introduce such scenes of private misery, that would shake to atoms the power of the most military despotism.
Can the confederacy of America sustain the shock of private misery, arising from the perpetual discharge of office, when its critical union of democratic fates is cemented only by the confidence of public opinion, and not rivetted by military power? If the influence of posts & places were found necessary in an agricultural democracy, founded on the strong basis of equal property, the problem of republican government would be solved for ever, and popular government would be demonstrated a political delusion of delinquent and ambitious demagogues. I hope the administration of the American government, will perceive this dangerous error of calling personal influence to the aid of public opinion, in order to check the useful controversy of enquiry, which preserves the equipoise of energy in civil power, & freedom in the citizens; and becomes the indispensable cement of union, wisdom and confidence in the American republic. The last great remedy of conciliation, is the disinterestedness of legislators, should these disinterested views to predominate over public interests in their councils, the confidence of the people would be lost, and the electors of the district, after the example of Georgia, would take the government into their own hands. This example, which caused a general panic of European policy, will serve to shew those Americans who are capable of original thought and observation, unshackled by custom and prejudice, that the agricultural condition of their nation in an equality of property, is beyond the reach of either anarchy or despotism. The executive government of Georgia, will no doubt be less rapid in its measures, because the negotiators with the state will wait the confirmation of the people in a subsequent election. This delay, instead of being ominous of anarchy should dispose the whole confederacy of America, to an imperturbable state of confidence, strength and repose, on the great pyramid of popular government.
Beware, Americans, of the opinions, conversations and writings of European emigrants, whose tempers, acerbated with the grievances of monopolized property and aristocratic power necessary for its support in Europe, continue their habitual accents and exclamations of anarchy and despotism in this country; whose condition, domestic, moral & political; is as different from that of Europe, as the element of water from that of land. Their language is inflammatory & acrimonious; the least difference of political opinion is called rascality and scoundrelism, & the least opposition or support of government are termed designs of anarchy and despotism.
In their native countries, the contest of parties in a monopoly of property, are truly alarming and dreadful. A thousand non-proprietors are hovering like vultures over the carcass of one proprietor, and should the eagle of power be absent or chained for a moment, the alternate scenes of plunder, anarchy and despotism, would entire, as exemplified in the annals of the intrusive and disastrous revolution of France: an eternal exemplar of all countries where population is numerous, territory scanty, and property unequally divided. I conjure you, American citizens, when you hear the acrimonious and inflammatory language of turbulent and excited emigrants from the crowded, ignorant and superstitious nations of the old world, reply to them in the words of Hamlet, "look on this picture and then look on this." Behold America, in a state of equal property, abundant unoccupied territory, and a scanty population. The absolute freedom of the press, unknown in all civilized countries, spreading in the bold enquiry of newspapers and philosophic lectures; sagacity to discover the means and ends of human existence, rather than science to discover the harmony of uninteresting modes and systems. Pejorative and superficiality dispersed by the moral science of man and nature. The simple discord of parties in agricultural & commercial interests so easily reconciled by temporary concession. The imperturbable state of domestic society in equal property which has enabled America to exist in perfect order in the absence of all government. This singular condition, invincible to all the shocks of internal discord, will uphold society till the improvement of the public mind in the knowledge of man and nature, shall open upon human perfectibility and make all relapse impossible even by the physical force of subjugation by the united arms of Europe. Such is the portraiture of America.
Now look on Europe. Territory scanty, population crowded, property monopolized, avarice contending with poverty in ill-paid and destructive labour to squeeze the last drop of strength from the debilitated and toil-worn body of the peasant. Observation advanced by vain and pompous science far beyond the powers of contemplation and discernment of thoughtful sagacity. The leading strings of superstition broken before reason had acquired any strength; luxury multiplying the wants of all classes of life, far beyond the powers of acquisition in honest industry. Infidious demagogues profiting of this wretched state of society to excite the multitude into insurrection by speculative axioms of rights and theories of perfectibility. In this awful crisis of internal policy, the external safety of nations is threatened by the loss of the balance of power or virtual confederacy of Europe. War is no longer a contention for fortified rights or doubtful limits of domain, but the extirpation of all laws, customs and propensities of civil life in the subjugation of military power. Such are the moral portraiture of America and Europe, which cannot fail to expose the folly of imitative regard or instructive exemplar sought after in the policy of the eastern and western continents, by ineffective politicians. Republicanism is as impossible in Europe, as monarchy in America; whose very singular condition of local circumstances will open a new code of policy, the criterion of which must be placed in its own experience, irrelevante to any part or event in human history. Having established my ground and means of conciliation in the simple and unobserved nature of American policy, I shall now take the liberty to propose to your sagacity some plans of internal and external preservation of your sublime confederacy. In the progress of population, your seaports will prepare a dangerous point of contact to European hostility. In half a century more, they will probably contain half a million of inhabitants in each. The Maritime nations of Europe, by keeping them in frequent blockade and contribution, will compel them into a state of alliance or subjection, when surrounding them with impregnable fortifications they will make them the opening ground or advancing works of a more general subjugation.
The only means which the United States possesses to counteract this danger, is to draw off the population of the seaports by aids of agricultural settlement. In a few years the public debt will be discharged, and the revenue must then be applied to the agricultural and commercial interests in proportion to the population. As the farmers received the merchant in the proportion of 100 to 1, 19 20th part of the revenue must be advanced in loans to letters, the making of roads, cutting canals &c. while the remaining 20th may be expended in the protection of commerce in small navies, tributes and harbour fortifications. The land should be sold in small lots to settlers only at a long credit, and a considerable premium given to every man, woman and child belonging to the enterprise. Such would be the only possible means to diminish the dan-
LAND IN AMHERST—FOR SALE.
By Virtue of a deed of trust from Mr. Charles B. Grymes, the subscriber will sell at the Eagle Tavern, in the city of Richmond, on Thursday the 6th day of December next:
A TRACT OF LAND on Little Pinney River, in the county of Amherst, formerly the property of William Wedderburn. It is said that this land is of high quality; it is presumed, however, that those who wish to purchase will inform themselves accurately upon that subject. The land will be sold for ready money, and a deed made by the trustee immediately.
JOHN MINOR.
Nov. 21. (ep3t)
Williamsburg Nov. 21 1804.
THE Commissioners appointed by Law to conduct the LOTTERY for the benefit of WILLIAM & MARY COLLEGE, earnestly entreat all those who have been so obliging as to aid in the disposal of tickets, and who may not have complied, as yet, with a former formal request, to lose no time in transmitting to the subscriber, by post, a return conformable to the mode, which to obviate disappointment in the required information, is hereto subjoined. It will readily be perceived, that, until the information now requested be obtained, the drawing cannot commence. On the part of the commissioners, there will not be a moment of unnecessary delay; and they flatter themselves, that those who have been active in befriending the interest of the college, will use the requisite exertions to facilitate, the performance of a duty which they are solicitous should be discharged with the utmost promptness, as well as with the strictest fidelity.—It is hoped, the returns will be forwarded by the last of this month at farthest. Signed, at the request of the commissioners.
J. MADISON, Chairman.
Modes of Returns.
   1 2 3     Let this column contain the particular No. of each Ticket received, & from whom received. In this state the No. of each Ticket sold. In this state the No. of Ticket which has been made, and with whom.  
Nov. 21. (cp2w)
PETER BELLETT,
NURSERY and SEEDSMAN, at Williamsburg, intending to remove to the state of New-York, offers FOR SALE, his NURSERY; containing 20 acres of rich matured Land, with about 100,000 TREES, of which 25,000, consisting as follows, are fit to be transplanted this season.
   44 Sorts of Apples at 6d. per Tree.   44 Do. of Pears 1/6. do.   30 Do. of Peach 9d. to 1/6. do.   10 Do. of Nectarine 1/6. to 1/9. do.   10 Do. of Apricot 1/6. to 2/. do.   5 Do. of Quince 1/6. to 2/. do.   19 Do. of Cherries 1/. do.   18 Do. of Plums 1/6. to 2/. do.   4 Do. of Almond 5/. do.   5 Do. of Mulberries 1/6. to 4/6. do.   2 Do. of Figs 1/6. do.   7 Do. of Raspberry Bushes do.   Lombardy and Ballum Poplars  
Currants, Gooseberries and Strawberries of sorts, Grape Vines of sorts, Arthoches and Asparagus Roots, together with a variety of flowering Shrubs, Flower Roots and Seeds and Rose Bushes, and a small quantity of Garden Seeds of this year's growth.
ALSO—may be had with the nursery 2 Negroes, 5 of which are well acquainted with Gardening and Nursery work. Also 3 Horses, 5 Steers 4 Cows, and the nursery and farming utensils, which if not sold by the 1st day of May next, will be set up at Public sale on that day, until which time he will continue to sell Trees &c. &c. &c. on lower terms than usual.
Orders left with Mr. George Greenhow at Richmond, Messrs. John and Sam. Peniston at Petersburg, will be duly attended to with dispatch. Williamsburg, Nov. 21. (ep1M.)
NOTICE.
To be sold to the highest bidder, on the fourth Wednesday in December next, at Hanover Court-House.
THE Seat whereon the subscriber now resides, containing between three and four hundred acres, of valuable farming land. This situation combines as many natural advantages, as most in the county. It is believed to be equally healthy with any in its vicinity; the neighbourhood elegant and agreeable, and navigation close at the door. It is peculiarly adapted to a professional gentleman; being within twenty miles of the city of Richmond, six of the courthouse, two of Hanover town, six of New-Castle; and four of an excellent manufacturing mill. On this farm is a very spacious dwelling house (somewhat out of repair.) but in tolerable good condition for the reception of a large and genteel family; a new kitchen almost finished, a large barn in very good repair, and a most excellent apple orchard, with a variety of other fine fruit.—The terms of sale will be, one third of the purchase money paid on the day of sale, one third, on that day twelve months; and the other third in six months, from the period at which the second payment becomes due. The bonds to bear interest from the date, if not punctually paid; and a deed of trust on the land, to secure the payments of the two last instalments.
Any person who may wish to view the farm, will apply to the subscriber, or in his absence to Messrs. Lany Jones, John Anderson, or Edward Huntley, who reside near the premises. BATHAURST JONES. Hanover County, Nov. 14. (td.)
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND.
MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use.
Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale. Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot.—A—the length of the Boot—C—round the Calf—B—the pitch of ditto—D—round the heel and instep—E—round the instep—G—across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. June 30. (ep1m.)
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States.—And those whose lands have been sold in the district of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs.
As most of the above-mentioned lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next.
The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshall V.D.
July 7. (cp—v.)
DATES'S ALMANAC—FOR 1805—Published by Messrs. Davis & Courtenay, may be had at the Office of the Enquirer. September 19. (epg)
BOARD.
ANY gentleman who wishes to be in a private family, the time of the Assembly, can be accommodated at Mrs. Booth's, milliner, near Major Duval's, who likewise boards young gentlemen by the year on the most reasonable terms. Dec. 1. (ep2)
CHOICE LANDS—FOR SALE.
A DIVISION of the famous Saura-Sawn Lands having taken place between the heirs of James Park Farley, Esq. dec'd. and Col. John S. Farley and his sister Mrs. Elizabeth Morton, the subscribers, Robert Taylor of Norfolk, and Charles Duncan at Roslin, near Petersburg, are fully empowered by the said Col. Farley and Mrs. Morton, to dispose of their proportion, containing 12,832 acres, which are surveyed and laid off in eight lots, containing from 500 to 2800 acres, agreeable to plots in the possession of the said Duncan. The four largest lots are of excellent quality, each containing a considerable proportion of the richest low grounds, which produce tobacco of the very first quality, as has been experienced by one of the subscribers, who shipped it for a number of years.
Those lands lie on Dan and Smith's rivers, in Rockingham county, on the borders of North Carolina, about 170 miles from Petersburg and Richmond. As there are seldom such lands for sale, they must be an object to those who want to purchase such as will produce fine tobacco, hemp and small grain. One third of the price must be paid in ready money, one third in twelve months, and the other third in two years, the purchaser giving bond with unexceptionable security, bearing interest from the date if not punctually paid. Those who wish to purchase will be shown the lands by Doctor John C. Cox, living at Leeksville, near Rockingham Court-House, and the terms made known by
ROBERT TAYLOR, or CHARLES DUNCAN, esq.
Petersburg, Nov. 24. (ep1)
Insurance against fire.
Phenix Fire Office, London, May 1, 1804.
THE numerous and destructive Fires which have happened within the period of two years past, in different parts of Europe and America, (more particular in the towns of Liverpool in England, Gothenburg in Sweden, and Norfolk in Virginia) render it proper to remind all persons who possess property in the United States of America of the utility of insurance.
The Phenix Office of London, is an institution sufficiently known by the very large and important business it has paid, in consequence of the extensive conflagrations in the cities and towns of America to such sufferers as have had the prudence to protect their property, by insurance.—The Phenix Company deeply regret that, owing to the expense of serious and continued losses, upon the buildings and stores in the timber towns, no alteration or remission on such risks can be made at present—but the Directors hope from the increase of brick and stone buildings, and other improvements of security, that the period is not far distant, when they will be able generally, to mitigate the rates of insurance in North America; and they confidently presume that the promptitude and honor with which they have uniformly fulfilled their extensive engagements, have unequivocally established the solidity, credit, and good faith of the Company.
The Phenix Company grant insurances upon buildings, goods and ships, whilst in dock or in harbor, from loss or damage by fire, upon the most moderate and equitable terms; and persons desirous of securing their property by policies from this company, are requested to transmit their orders to their correspondents in Great Britain. Nov. 3. (ep16.)
EDUCATION.
J. WOOD has opened, at his room, formerly the school room of Mr. Harris, opposite to Mr. Copland's, AN EVENING CLASS, from the hours of seven, to nine, for the arts of Drawing and Painting, and the several branches of the Mathematics, including the higher parts of Arithmetic, Geography, Astronomy and Surveying.
Evenings of tuition Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. The Students who attend are at liberty to devote the whole of the two hours to either of the above arts and sciences, or to apply both to Drawing and Mathematics, the latter being taught by lecture.
Terms Two Dollars and one half per month, paid at entrance Nov. 21. (cpf)
With to employ a man without a family as an Assistant in my School at the Hot-Springs in the county of Bath, who can come well recommended for his liberty, morality and integrity; and qualified to teach Arithmetic and Surveying. Such a person will meet with encouragement by applying to the Rev'd Mr. Blair, or Mr. Peter Tinley, in the city of Richmond; Capt. John Beale, in the county of Botetourt, or the subscriber at this place. FRANCIS CRUTCHFIELD. Hot-Springs, Nov. 21. (ep3w)
WILL BE SOLD,
At public sale, at Zuberbach's Brook's Tavern, in Manchester, on Tuesday the 11th of December next, 150 acres of LAND,
ALL in woods, and of prime quality, lying in Chesterfield county, on the north side of the Hatchingham road, and adjoining the lands of Mr. James Scott, about seven miles from Manchester. The terms of sale will be one half cash, and twelve months credit for the other on giving bond with approved security. Any person wishing to purchase will be shown the land by applying to Messrs. James Patterson or Joseph C. Brown of Manchester. Wm. GAY. Boilingham, Nov. 7. (da)