Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1804-09-22 00:00:00

THE VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[VOL. XII.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1189.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
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SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1804.
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Advertisements, no exceeding a square in length, are inserted in this paper for seven-five cents the first time; three dollars for three weeks (6 times); and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents. Long ones in the same proportion—unless a special contract be made by the year.
Taken up by Rob't. Mims at Buck Hill, on the Turnpike road, about a mile from Manchester, a dark bay HORSE, four feet ten inches high, supposed to be eight years old, branded on the near shoulder, but the brand can't be well ascertained, a small black spot a little below the brand, shod before, hanging mane and switch tail—appraised to 70 dollars June 2d 1804. A Copy—Teste, TH: WATKINS.
Notice. All persons indebted to the estate of JOHN BRUNSKILL, deceased, late of Amelia county, are requested to pay their respective accounts to the subscriber immediately.—And those having demands against the said estate are desired to bring in their accounts properly authenticated for settlement. It is requested that the legatees of the said Brunsell will come forward and proceed agreeable to law, against the subscriber, in order that a distribution of his estate may take place, as the subscriber is very desirous to settle his administration on the said estate before the first day of January, 1805. RICHARD BOOKER, Adm'r. Cumberland, August 27, 1804. w4r
The subscriber intending to remove with his family to West Tennessee (near Nashville) some time early in October next, earnestly solicits all those who may have any demands against him to come forward and make them known, as he wishes to discharge all his debts before he leaves this state. RO: BEDFORD. August 18th, 1804. w3w
L. Joseph & Co. RETURN thanks to their friends and customers for the very liberal encouragement they have received, and flatter themselves that by their punctilious attention to business, and cheapness of their goods, to merit a continuance. They inform their customers and the public, that their store will not be opened on the 20th, 21st, and 22d—and 27th, 28th, 29th and 30th instant,—being their uniform practice to do no business on days ordained by the Mosaic Law to be Holy. Richmond, September 12, 1804.
JUST RECEIVED, At S. Pleasants' Book-Store, Richmond, MAYOR's
Universal History, Ancient and Modern, from the earliest records of time, to the general peace of 1801. Vols. 1, 2, of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. This work will be comprised in 25 volumes, at the Dollar each to subscribers in boards. Those who have already subscribed are requested to send for their copies, and those who are desirous of possessing this valuable work are informed that the subscription is still open. Also, just published and for sale as above. The works of WILLIAM SMITH, D. D. late provost of the College and Academy of Philadelphia, vols. 1st and 2d. This work will be comprised in 4 volumes at 250 cents per volume in boards. oaw
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A few Maps of Louisiana, Engraved and Varnished, for sale at this office.
AN ORATION Delivered at the celebration of American Independence at Frankfort, (K.) on the 4th of July, 1804.
By HARRY TOULMIN, Secretary to the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
ONCE more fellow citizens, are we assembled to commemorate the birth day of our independence! This anniversary has always been a day of joy and a day of honest pride. But never did it approach us with so smiling an aspect, never did it as some so triumphant a countenance as at the present moment. Hitherto we have rejoiced,—and we have had reason to rejoice, in national existence:—we have rejoiced that the unreasonable pretensions of the parent state, to tax us without our own consent, had been silenced by the voice of truth and justice,—that her ferocious method of subduing the spirit of her refractory children, had only served to unite the whole family against her, and that notwithstanding her repeated threats, notwithstanding her great and reiterated exertions to subdue them,—notwithstanding her proud rank among the nations of the earth; she had been compelled to acknowledge her rebellious offspring to be free, sovereign and independent.—And who would wish for more substantial sources of joy? What could we desire farther, so long as our freedom, sovereignty and independence, remained unimpaired, unassailed? But heaven has been more bountiful to us still. Having placed at the head of our counsels, men on whom it had breathed a more than common portion of the spirit of wisdom and patriotism; we have through their prudence and foresight and energy—through their boldness of conception and masterly execution, become proprietors of an additional portion of territory, stretching almost from the polar circle to the tropic, and from the waters of the Atlantic to those of the Pacific ocean. Yes! fellow citizens, you, whose forefathers, not two hundred years ago were but a handful of fugitives from the religious and political intolerance of the east,—you who but yesterday rose out of the condition of feeble colonies, dependent in a great measure on the mother country for protection from the savages, and relying on the industry of your brothers at home for the supply of three fourths of your necessities,—are now the citizens of the grandest country on the globe—the proprietors of a territory affording almost every variety of production that the surface of the earth is capable of affording to satisfy the wants and to feed the luxury of man. It is unnecessary fellow citizens to endeavor to exhibit to your view all the advantages resulting from this immense acquisition. They have been already so frequently detailed that they must be familiar to the minds of all who hear me. Indeed when addressing the inhabitants of Kentucky, it seems altogether a superfluous work, to prove by argument that the acquisition of Louisiana, is an important benefit to the United States. To satisfy you, all that can be necessary is to call your attention to the impressions of your own minds and your recollection of past events. Recollect what was the state of sentiments here, previously to the year '92, when you still continued annexed to Virginia and when those national feelings which result from the formation of a distinct body politic, had not yet begun to exist. Even then, when all your public expenses were defrayed by Virginia, and when your destiny seemed inseparably connected with hers; were there not persons among you, and those, not hair brained politicians, or men of desperate fortunes,—were there not persons among you, who conceived a closer connection with Spain than what existed between her and the rest of America to be absolutely necessary to the inhabitants of the country on the western waters? And whence arose this conception? It was not from hatred to Virginia, it was not from disaffection to the federal union: it was simply a conviction of the all importance of the navigation of the Mississippi to the existence of a western population. What was it, which about the same period induced enterprising individuals (for such they were) to leave Kentucky, and make personal representations to the Spanish ministry of the dependence of the western country on the generosity of his Catholic majesty, which induced them to tempt by turns the mercantile genius of the British cabinet—and the ambitious revolutionizing spirit of the French executive committees with the prospects of commerce and wealth and influence & dominion, which the possession of Louisiana would afford, and with the flattering belief that their fat only was necessary to complete the conquest? Was it not the conviction that property here was of no value without the free navigation of the river? Was it not the anticipation of the éclat , and renown, with which on their return they would be honored by
their fellow citizens, after being instrumental in making arrangements of such incomparable moment to them? When Kentucky became a state, what was it that induced her citizens to form themselves into associations, her legislature to remonstrate, her people to petition,—her honest men to exert every nerve, and her ambitious men to second their exertions, and even to outstrip their zeal as the surest path to popularity?—What was it but a conviction pervading every class and denomination of citizens, that without the free navigation of the Mississippi we should be a poor, dispirited, beggarly people?
What was it that induced some of our citizens to engage in the projects of a foreign minister for attacking the Spanish possessions, and which led those not actually engaged, to regret that the project could not be carried into execution without violating our neutrality & jeopardizing the peace of the union; but the conviction that without the free navigation of the Mississippi, neither neutrality nor governmental protection, nor peace, was of any value? I am merely stating facts and principles of action which were known to exist,—without adopting the one, or meaning to express an approbation of the other. Nor would I be thought to intimate that any considerable portion of the people were embarked in the project of invading Louisiana.
But the violent and momentary projects of the few—and the legal, but steady and persevering efforts of the many (all directed to the same object,) alike discover what were the feelings, and convictions of the whole body of the people relative to an unembarrassed outlet of our commerce. Behold then, fellow citizens, you have it! It has been obtained by your government without your exertions, and unasked by every kind of condition, or circumstance, which could encumber the exercise of it, or which might render its permanence questionable. The navigation of the Mississippi stands now on the same footing as the navigation of the Hudson or the Delaware:—and it is free and unembarrassed,—not from the good pleasure of a foreign power, but because we own the territory on each of its banks; and though the acquisition of the territory so far from being expected, was not even thought of in Kentucky; yet it is evident that nothing short of this could have afforded complete security for the permanent enjoyment of our rights.
The plan of colonizing Louisiana it is known was a favorite one with the first consul of France. Had it been undertaken at all, there can be no doubt but that it would have been undertaken with the same boldness of design and grandeur of execution which characterized all his capital performances. French villages, French encampments, French forts, would have appeared in every part of the country west of the Mississippi: French vessels would have swarmed in the river: and on its eastern shores should we have been occasionally dazzled and captivated by French splendor and magnificence, and incessantly the dupes of French ambition and intrigue. Every day should we have seen and felt, that though we owed to the union the blessings of good government, we depended on the French for the blessings of commerce:—and by the exhibition of generosity at one time and of power at another—by alternately flattering our vanity and awakening our fears, should we have been trained to the belief, that the fraternity of our new neighbors was more essential to our interests, than our federal alliance with our fathers and our brothers: It is possible therefore, it is highly probable, that in a course of time, we should have embraced as a point of prudence, the plan of a close connection with France. But close as it might have been, identified as you might non-ally have become with the French republic; remember, people of Kentucky! that you never could have been transformed into Frenchmen! No; nature forbids it, and the original sin of being descended from men who drew their first breath in the British isles, would have contaminated the blood of yourselves and your children and have been a mill stone around the neck of your latest posterity. And what would have been the consequence.—Look at Switzerland, at Italy and at Holland; and you will easily judge what would have been the situation of the descendants of the men of Cressy and Agincourt.
Fellow citizens! God forbid that I should excite national jealousies, or blow up the flame of hostility to France or any other country. I allude only to the prejudices which have an actual existence. I have seen them in the bosom of the Frenchman, and I have seen them in the bosom of the Englishman: and I regret and despise them in both. Nature acknowledges both races of men to be her children, and they ought to acknowledge each other as brothers.
I have been supposing that after having colonized Louisiana, the policy adopted by France would tend to alienate
the affections of the western people from the union, and to produce a dissolution of the confederacy. Admitting, however, that nothing of the kind would have been attempted, and that the conduct of France would not even unintentionally have produced this effect; still we should have been weakened and debilitated by incessant emigrations to the western side of the Mississippi. The French government would have been liberal in their offers to settlers. They would have imitated the Spanish government: instead of asking a serious sum of money for their land; they would have asked nothing but fealty and residence; they would have pursued the policy of Spain, and they would have pursued it with more effect. The idea of living under a monarchy, has been a serious objection with many Americans to crossing the Mississippi, and the dread of political degradation has counteracted the tempting prospects of personal independence arising from ample-landed possessions. The French on the other hand were the active allies of America in accomplishing her independence: they have caught the sacred flame of freedom, and the blaze of its holy fire has swept away the great monuments of antiquity and left not a vestige of monarchical authority. The government of France has assumed the name of a republic: liberty and equality are its motto: and many of our citizens impressed by names and appearances, would cheerfully have removed their families and their property to the western side of the Mississippi, under the idea, that though their allegiance was transferred from America to France; it still centred in liberty, in equality and in republicanism. It is probable, therefore, that the emigration of American citizens to the western side of the Mississippi would have been greater, if the French had colonized the country, than it will be now that the sovereignty of it has been vested in the United States. And all that emigrated would have been lost to us. Their industry and their property would have benefited a rival, if not a hostile nation; we should have been enfeebled by the event, and the sinews of our national prosperity would have been cut a sunder.
After all, however, it may be contended that the French project of colonizing Louisiana, never would have taken effect. The magnitude of the preparations, it may be said, had already awakened the jealousy of Great Britain, and her superior naval force would have enabled her not only to render those preparations abortive, but to reduce the country to her own dominion.
Let it be admitted. Should we have been benefited by such a revolution? By no means. Great Britain would likewise have found it her interest to colonize the country. It would have been the surest and the cheapest way of preventing any other power from possessing it, and it would have rendered her in every respect independent of all the world. That she was able to colonize Louisiana, there can be no doubt. Her capacity of furnishing inhabitants is such, that she could in one year spare out of those whose existence is at once a burthen to themselves and to their country, half as many as the whole population of the United States amounts to, and in sparing them she would render the situation of the mass of the people remaining behind far preferable to what it is at present. And what would have been the consequence to the United States? Their tranquility would have been as much endangered by her approach as by that of France, and though our peace were not menaced, she would in a course of years have absolutely excluded us from her own markets, and would have been a formidable competitor with us in every other. She would have produced in Louisiana every species of commodity, which can be found through the whole territory of the American confederacy, from Maine to Georgia. She would have monopolized the fur trade. If our northern states produce lumber, pitch and turpentine; she would have derived the same from Upper Louisiana. If the middle states produce flour, Indian corn, hemp, tobacco and iron; the same articles would have poured into her lap from the waters of the Missouri, the St. Francis, the Arkansas, and the Rouge Riviere. If rice, indigo and cotton, are raised in the southern districts of the confederacy; Great Britain would have needed them not; for she would have supplied herself to any extent from her own colonies on the banks of the Mississippi and the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. When in fact, we contemplate the immense advantages which Great Britain might have derived from the possession of Louisiana; when we reflect what a waste of blood and treasure there has been to secure a barren rock in the Mediterranean, or a sandy desert in Africa, or a rising island in the West Indies, or what is worse than all, to restore a worthless
family to the throne of their ancestors; it seems to be little short of insinuation, that the British ministry, during the late war with Spain; never made a single effort to obtain the possession of the immense and fertile territory; and were it not for the arrogance which would intermingle itself with our piety, well might we offer to the Supreme Disposer of events the tribute of our gratitude for so blinding the eyes of the British administration as to prevent their making themselves masters of a country, whose contiguity to us would always have threatened our peace, and whose productive capacities would have inflicted so serious a wound on the commercial prosperity of the United States. It may be said indeed, that the progress of this newly acquired territory in population and improvement, will be as detrimental to the original states, whilst under our own dominion as it could have been whilst under that of a foreign power. But let it be recollected, that possessing the sovereignty, we possess the power of controlling its population, and that whatever respectability and wealth it may hereafter arrive at, it will all be thrown into that common stock, which upholds the security, the strength and the grandeur of the whole.
There is another consideration, less thought of indeed, but more awful and more truly interesting to the safety and happiness of at least the western parts of the Union, than any which has been suggested. Had either France or England obtained possession of Louisiana with the view of colonizing it, it is probable that in the course of a few years, that territory would have been deluged with slaves from the coast of Africa. England, notwithstanding the exertions of men whose names are so dear to the cause of humanity, has scarcely ever relaxed the ardor with which she was accustomed to pursue this execrable traffic: and though France through the short but glorious era when the principles of the virtuous and philosophical party of the Girondins, had an ascendancy, denounced this infamous outrage upon human nature; yet no steady aversion to it has been since discovered—and at length, to use the expressive allusion of holy writ, "the dog is returned to his vomit again, and the sow to her wallowing in the mire." Spain it is true pursued the same policy, and it is only because she has not pushed the population of the country, that we have hitherto seen no evil from this quarter.
To the honour of our nation, it has been reserved for the Congress of the United States to put a Veto on this traffic, and may it every where be known and mentioned that a prohibition of the slave trade of Louisiana was decreed in the national Senate, by 21 members out of 27.*
To impress you with an idea of what our situation would have been in the immediate vicinity of a French or British colony, of which nine tenths of the population were slaves, no language of mine is necessary. If you cast your eye on the dark and terrific scenes which have been exhibited in St. Domingo; you cannot err in your conceptions. By the transfer of this territory to the United States, instead of a new grave being opened for the children of captivity, there is a wide area thrown open to the sons of freedom. Here is a channel into which the overflowing population of other countries may be safely discharged. Here the oppressed may find relief and the famished be supplied with abundance, whilst liberty and independence shall be their portion; without the horrors of a seven year's war to accomplish it.
In a commercial view, the prospect is equally flattering. Hitherto the trade of the West Indies has been of great importance to the United States. Our commodities correspond with their wants; and their productions, on the other hand are such as we have been unable to raise. But it has been a trade dependent on the will of foreign powers. At no distant day, we shall possess a similar trade within our own territories. That part of Louisiana which is capable of producing sugar and coffee, cannot be less than the whole of the British West India Islands. Here then we shall possess a trade free from all foreign interference,—independent of every nation upon earth,—unfettered by the capricious and perplexing regulations of a distant government,—we shall furnish our southern brethren with the prime necessaries of life; and they in return will supply for us those wants, which though more artificial, are rendered by habit almost equally urgent. The southern part of Louisiana, therefore, will become the West Indies of the United States. Happy for us, if, by our wise foresight and prudent regulations, we prevent its ever becoming a St. Domingo to us! It will be our own fault and folly, if it does.
It was far from my intention, as I intimated before, to enter into a minute examination of the numerous advantages secured by the possession of Louisiana. In
* Journal of the Senate, p. 155.

the various discussions which the subject has undergone, your attention has undoubtedly been called to the ample provision which it makes for a population which doubles itself every 25 years; to the increase of strength derived to our Confederacy by the addition of the inhabitants of Louisiana; to the new ties of friendship which it creates between the United States and the most powerful nation in Europe; the danger which it averts of the unfriendly influence of foreign powers on the several Indian nations bordering on our frontiers; to the ability it affords us, by an exchange of territory advantageous to both parties, to remove them farther from our settlements, and to become the undisputed possessors of the country East of the Mississippi; and to the riches which may be obtained, by means of the precious metals which are said to abound in Louisiana. These considerations, as well as those perhaps, on which I have already dwelt are familiar to your minds, and you know how to appreciate them; and to engage in a detailed examination of the whole, would rather be trespassing on your patience, than enriching your stores of information. And what has been the price of these numerous and immense advantages? Have your young men been summoned from the plough to the field of battle? Have your fathers of families been obliged to tear themselves from their little ones, and to abandon domestic duties? Have your towns been spoiled, or your fields stained with human blood? Or have you been the instruments of vengeance on other countries, and desolated the fair works of God by fire and sword? Or have you sunk your national character, and entered into obligations unbecoming the dignity of an independent people? No: nothing of the kind has taken place. The whole country has been transferred to you for less than two millions and a half sterling. You have obtained it for about one half the sum which Great Britain a few years since squandered away on a dispute, whether the Turks or the Russians, should possess a single forlorn in a desert. You have obtained it for about one half the sum, if my memory deceives me not, which the same power soon after this expended, in a controversy with Spain, whether her subjects should enjoy the right of fishing on a coast belonging in fact to neither of them; and which was about eight or ten thousand miles distant from both.
Citizens of America! well may you be proud of your government! I dread to excite the feelings of self-conceit, and national arrogance: but you may trace the long page of history, and mark the progress of other governments, whilst your eye will a thousand times alternately flash with indignation, and melt with pity, before you will find its parallel.
Yet has this government been calumniated! It has been calumniated, not by foreigners, not by rival nations. No: they respect it and are willing to bestow on it the tribute of admiration. It has been calumniated, ridiculed and abused, by native Americans!
The opponents of the government seem to be dissatisfied with the acquisition of Louisiana, because it was not previously fought for: as if no contracts could be valid between nations but such as are written in letters of blood. Whatever merit there may be, in having obtained the territory, it ought to be ascribed, they say, rather to Great Britain, than to the wisdom and energy of our own executive. It was her making war on France, before the fleet had sailed, which was destined to colonize Louisiana—it was the power of her navy, and the apprehension of the country's falling into her hands, that induced the First Consul to cede it to the United States.
Admitting, that a calculation of the chances of war had an influence on the mind of the First Consul; will it follow that no merit is due to the American government for the promptness with which they availed themselves of this circumstance, to promote the aggrandizement of their country, and the extension of the reign of liberty and reason? England, it is known, was in possession of the same naval superiority—was supported by the powerful continental allies, and Louisiana was in the hands of her enemies, during the administration of Mr. Adams. How did it happen then, if the acquisition of it was so easy a matter under such circumstances, that Mr. Adams never obtained it; or at least so much of it as should have secured the navigation of the Mississippi? It surely was not owing to a doubt of its importance, when the friends of that administration were disposed to plunge the nation into a war for the sake of its capital city merely. The reason is apparent: it was because there was nothing pacific, nothing conciliatory in the character of that administration. Their temper, their language and their deportment, were such as to preclude all idea of friendly intercourse. There was too much party spirit in their character: there was too evident a disposition to take a side in the politics and contentions of the rival nations—there was too evident a hatred of the principles of the French revolution, to justify them in expecting benefits from the republic, or to suffer them if possessing any delicacy of feeling or sense of personal dignity, even to propose a negotiation which implied confidence in each others friendly or barely neutral dispositions.
The present administration, on the other hand, have been no partisans in European politics: they have ruled at no foreign power; they have flattered none
at the expense of the rest: their conduct, in short, has been such, that without any violation of the principles of decorum, they could enter into a friendly negotiation on any negotiable subject with any power in Europe. As to the merits of their contract with France, they set up no pretensions to the power of working miracles on the mind of the First Consul, or of making him believe that it was his interest to sell Louisiana, when it was otherwise: they affect no necromantic talent of conjuring the territory of other nations out of their possessions, how congenial soever it may be with the ideas of some men concerning acuteness of genius and diplomatic talents, nor do they wish to persuade us, that they have tricked the First Consul out of a capital bargain, nor do they call upon us to extol their skill at the expense of their honesty. Let it be admitted, that in other circumstances, the consideration given would have been regarded as no temptation to a sale. At that moment, it was no doubt considered as a genuine and valuable consideration. The merit of our government consisted in being ready to avail itself of that moment. Their being ready, implies that they anticipated it: it proves that in those general views which are taken by well informed and comprehensive minds, of the state of things actually existing and of the relations of foreign powers to one another, the federal executive calculated on the possibility of a rupture between England and France, that he calculated the operation of such an event on the mind of the First Consul, and that notwithstanding the known solicitude of Bonaparte to establish a splendid colony; the President of the United States conceived the bold and original idea of proposing a purchase of Louisiana, at the critical instant, when the course of events should afford a probability that such a proposition would be received with attention. Here then was an exhibition of genuine policy: here was a knowledge of the relations existing between different powers; here was a masterly calculation of the effect of these on future circumstances; here was a readiness to improve them to the aggrandizement of his country: here was that guarded conduct, that dignified reserve with respect to the misunderstandings between other nations, which opened the way to a free and confidential intercourse with either, as the interests of the people he presided over might render expedient. This is the policy, for which, fellow citizens, your government is so distinguished—which has been so eminently advantageous to the Union, and which so fully comports with the character of those at the helm of state, as honest and enlightened men. As to that kind of policy which consists, not in wisdom but in cunning; as to that kind of policy which consists not in open sincerity but in low intrigue; which consists not in studying the substantial interests of neighboring nations, and adapting your negotiations to them, but in prying into the state of political factions, which consists not in respecting the authorities in power, but in blowing up the flame of internal discord, not in truth, in prudence, in honesty, in fidelity—but in cabal, in flattery, in corruption, in treachery, and in assassination,—we make no pretensions to it—we grant the full monopoly of it to the kings & nobles, to the popes and prelates, to the ministers and envoys, of the eastern continent:—we leave it all to their Machiavel:—their Richlieus—their Walpoles—their —, but I forbear, lest by coming too close on modern times, and alluding to recent events, I should in this public manner, though addressing you as a private individual, pass beyond that line of neutrality, which it is our duty to observe and invite you to intermingle with too much ardour, your minds in the politics of other countries.
It is time, fellow citizens, I should draw this long address to a conclusion. But let me previously congratulate you on having such an administration at the head of your affairs. Their conduct is daily acquiring new admirers, and extinguishing the remaining embers of faction. There is at this moment, probably, as large a portion of the whole United States in favor of genuine republicanism, as there was of the State of Kentucky, above six years ago. At that time our principles insulated us as it were, from the rest of the Union:—but the little leaven hath now leavened the whole lump. Fourteen States are decidedly republican; the other three are fast becoming so. We have nothing now to dread, but that our republicanism will degenerate. Some opposition to the will of the majority may be necessary: for the purpose of keeping them within the bounds of reason, of justice, and of consistency.—When parties become powerful, they are always joined by those who care nothing about their principles, and who form an alliance, with them merely because they are composed of the majority. Many likewise who embark with good principles are very prone to forget them, when the occasion which first drew their attention to them ceases, and when contrary ones would better suit the circumstances of the party. Hence all parties have a tendency to degenerate; and not only governors themselves will sometimes forget the principles of the Constitution, and republican governors the principles of popular right; but a majority of the people themselves will go hand in hand with them, without perceiving that their attachment to liberty and equal justice is beginning to be swallowed up by their attachment to their faction. An opposing faction, therefore, though originally having its basis on a repugnant system, may be the means of preventing
a republican party from deviating from their own, and afford strong confirmation of the old adage, that it is right to receive instruction even from an enemy. That we shall not want such monitors, the history of our own times, and the history of human nature, affords pretty good security: and would they confine themselves within the bounds of decency, we should have no great reason to complain of them. The habit of opposition—an inveterate aversion to popular institutions, and the vexation attending disappointed ambition and neglected overtures for public employment, will at all times keep sufficiently full the phalanx of opposition:—and whether those who compose it retain the name of federalists or assume the appellation of third party men, they will make but little impression on the republican band, so long as they keep within the entrenchments of justice and the constitution, to which they have strong admonitions, in the presence of a watchful adversary.
For my own part I feel full and unswerving confidence in the administration of the federal government; but no confidence is an apology for a want of vigilance; and it is our duty to watch with a scrutinizing eye, not only our governors but ourselves. Though three-fourths of the people of the United States are now probably of the same opinion; it is no assurance that genuine principles will uniformly predominate:—and so far should we be from placing confidence in the man who seriously makes it an article of his political creed, that the majority is always right—that this should be alone a sufficient reason to doubt, either the purity of his sentiments, or the soundness of his understanding. When the sentiments of a man are never disclosed, but on his joining with the popular cry on every popular occasion; it is an infallible indication, either that he wants firmness to declare his own convictions, or that he is too feeble minded to think for himself, and much more so to think and to act for others. Such a man will be the same sycophant when he associates with the great, as he is when mixing with the mass of the community.
Every human institution has its imperfections. We have abolished monarchy: we have reason to rejoice in it. But we have not in so doing abolished all the vices which attend a monarchical government. They appertain to human nature, and perplex and pervert the operations of every form of government. The sovereign prince has his courtiers, who instead of correcting his judgment, enlightening his understanding, and diluting, if I may be allowed the expression, the intoxicating cup of power; are ever foremost to inflame the passions—to sanction his conceits and to humor his caprices. The sovereign people likewise have their courtiers, who, instead of being confined to the precincts of a palace, distribute themselves over the whole territory of the republic, and are as often successful in obtaining popular favor, as the other are in obtaining the favor of the monarch.
Would you guard against the evil of their counsels? Pursue the same course that a patriotic prince would do. Think for yourselves—exercise your own judgments:—but listen to those who sometimes dare to controvert the infallibility of your opinion:—call into notice retired and unostentatious merit:—be not over anxious for personal attentions, but confer your confidence on men of sound wisdom and honest independence of character.
Citizens of America! if you are not wanting to yourselves, you have a fair prospect before you of permanent liberty and of increasing prosperity. It would be saying too little, to say that your form of government is the best that human wisdom ever produced. Human wisdom alone was never equal to the task. It has rather been the product of a most happy combination of circumstances and events, which the intellect of man has fortunately built upon and improved. The great outlines of your government may be said to have been drawn by nature. Colony after colony, each possessing its own local government, was formed in America, as circumstances dictated. They had both a common original, a common language. External violence, superadded a common interest. This produced a confederacy for the common defence. The advantages of this were so evident, that a closer union, better contrived and better arranged was adopted. As to external defence—external commerce—external intercourse, your federal government possesses all the advantages of a government one and indivisible. As to local regulations adapted to the wants of particular districts, and to the habits of particular portions of the people, your state governments enjoy all the advantages of independent republics. Were the several members of the confederacy unconnected, perpetual jealousies would arise—foreign powers would be insinuating themselves into our councils; and would foment everlasting discords:—a respectable force would be considered as necessary in each, and local passions would often call it into action. On the other hand, were the seventeen states consolidated into one, there would soon be an end to liberty and republicanism. That patronage which is now happily distributed among the executives of the several states, and which is probably too inconsiderable any where to threaten any serious evil—would then be concentrated in the executive of the union—its magnitude would be irresistible, and it would portend the most fatal consequences to the cause of liberty.
In this single state there are at least two thousand five hundred persons, now in commission, including the militia officers.
If they are proportionably numerous in other states, there cannot be less than fifty thousand in the Union, besides the officers of the federal government. The possession of office, and a sense of obligation to the person who conferred it, will have an influence even on the most virtuous and independent minds. It may easily be conceived, therefore, what an accession the destruction of the state governments would make to the power of the federal executive. At the same time, the people who might be dissatisfied with the measures of administration, and might forebode the downfall of liberty, would have no established rallying point—all their associations would be voluntary and contingent at best—rapid strides to despotism might be made before their remonstrances became general and impressive, and finally a favorite maxim with some would seem to receive a confirmation, that republics cannot exist in a widely extended territory. But under the federative plan now in operation, no great deviations can be made from the charter of our rights, which will not be noticed by at least some one of the legislatures of the seventeen states—Tho' they have no constitutional power to act; yet their mere protest and appeal to the people of the U. States, will have an instantaneous and forcible effect. This was seen in some respect during the unpopular measures of the late administration:—but it was seen more conspicuously at the commencement of the revolutionary war. It has been generally and very truly observed, that the people of any country will long bear oppression before they will engage in a serious revolt. It was otherwise, however, with the American people:—and one reason of this undoubtedly was, that by means of the colonial assemblies, popular sentiment was brought into action more promptly and more systematically than it could possibly have been, if no such bodies had existed. These considerations clearly evince the necessity of a strict and tenacious adherence to our present political institutions. If the preservation of the federal union be necessary to maintain our security at home and our respectability abroad; the maintenance of the state sovereignties is equally necessary to the permanent enjoyment of personal and political liberty. Citizens! you are the guardians of your own rights: you are the ultimate depositaries of your own liberties. Watch over them with a jealous circumspection. Cherish the federative principle. Be watchful that neither the state nor the federal government overstep the limits prescribed by their respective charters. No disposition to encroach upon the state authorities has been discovered by the present administration. They justly possess the confidence of the people. But in a series of years, it would be no more than what may be looked for from human frailty, that in some inconsiderable instances, the powers belonging to the individual states, may be assumed by the federal government, which though inoffensive in their immediate operation, may become plausible precedents for future administrations, less honestly disposed, to make more serious inroads on the rights of the several members of the confederacy.
God forbid that I should excite a spirit of needless jealousy of men in power! I feel it not: and I should be sorry to communicate it to others. If I have any jealousy; it is rather of man as such, than of any individuals, and it is rather of the weakness and inadvertence, than of the deliberate wickedness of man. Far, very far am I from adopting the detestable and debasing doctrine, that every man is to be regarded as a villain, and that every man in power has a propensity to serve himself and to become a despot. I have you not in a thousand instances seen self-interest swallowed up by the love of repose, by the love of pleasure, by the love of fame, by the fervor of enthusiasm, and by the genuine, all controlling principles of Religion? Why then should it be supposed, that self interest can never bend to the love of one's country? Yes; it has done so, and it will do so again. When you see a man who from his early youth has been the firm and enlightened advocate of the cause of freedom—when you see a man who has passed with uniform consistency through almost every department of public life,—a man who as a legislator, as a chief magistrate, as a diplomatic character, as a minister of state, has discharged his trust with the highest honor to himself, with the most ardent zeal for his country's good,—a man who when retired to private life, has kept aloof from the struggles of faction, and a man who when called to the highest honors, and invested with the highest power, which a great and free nation is capable of bestowing—surrounded with calumniators and base assassins of character, without manifesting the smallest desire that they should be combated with any other weapons but those of reason and truth, doing homage with unabated devotion to the spirit of republicanism, and pursuing with vigor and with philosophic calmness the substantial welfare of the nation; surely we will place full confidence in the greatness of his soul and in the purity of his principles—surely we may say, "Behold the Patriot! Behold the friend of his country and of all mankind!"
NOTICE.
WAS offered for sale, the 9th instant, a French GOLD WATCH, by a negro man by the name of Garland, who says he belongs to Mr. Thomas Tinsley, of Hanover—Judging the said watch to have been stolen, I kept it in my possession with a view that the right owner may have it again. Any person giving the particulars of the watch, and paying for this advertisement, may receive the said watch.
WILLIAM CROZIER. September 17th, 1804.
Latest from Europe.
BOSTON, September 10. Our files of London papers by the Packet, capt. Trott, are to the 25th July. 11 days later than those received by previous arrivals. Their contents are, however, as usual, barren of any brief events than those which relate to the internal movements of the several powers of Europe. In France, the principal object of the government, and the chief object of the people appears to be solely directed to one point, and that point the full and unqualified consolidation and acquiescence of all power, in the hands of Bonaparte. In England, we observe nothing particularly interesting—The complete restoration of the king's health, and the increasing popularity of Mr. Pitt's administration, warrant the speedy expiration of some new and efficient measures in the British cabinet. This opinion may be considered as deriving some strength from the positive denial of Russia and Sweden to acknowledge the new emperor of France.
PARIS, July 8. His majesty the emperor, being prevented, by his absence from Paris, from receiving in succession the credentials of the ambassadors and ministers who are accredited to his court, gave to each of them a private audience, on Sunday, the 19th, at the palace of the Tuileries. At ten in the morning the cardinal Caprara, legate of his holiness, was presented to his majesty the emperor. After divine service he was presented to her majesty the empress. After the grand parade, admiral Gravina, ambassador from his catholic majesty, was presented to the emperor and empress; and after him Mr. Schimmelpennick, ambassador of the Batavian Republic; and the representatives of all the other states of Europe which are in amity with France, with the exception of Austria, Russia, Sweden and Portugal. The ambassadors were conducted to the palace in the carriages of the emperor. The ministers came in their own carriages. Both one and the other were received with the different honors due to their rank. The emperor being seated upon his throne, with the imperial crown and sceptre upon a cushion by the side of the throne. The emperor was dressed in full imperial robes of the most brilliant embroidery. The same etiquette was observed as at the first presentation of diplomatic agents at the courts of Vienna and St. Petersburg, after the accession of a new sovereign to the throne. Cardinal Fesch, general Duroc, Talleyrand, Berthier, Caulincourt, and Segur, one of the counsellors of State, have been named principal officers of the palace of the emperor. M. Fleuriu, is appointed steward of the emperor's household; M. Remusat, first chamberlain; M. M. Salomons, and Cramaval, masters of the ceremonies, and to introduce the ambassadors; M. Corvisart, first physician; M. Portalis, counsellor of state, is named minister to regulate the public worship; the senator Fouche is named the minister of the police; M. M. Miot, and Pelletier la Lozere are the counsellors of state attached to the general office of police. The minister of police is re-established with the same attributes that he had before his office was united to that of the administration of justice. M. Fontanes, president of the legislative body, is appointed commandant of the legion of honor.
July 11. Saturday next being the 14th of July, the principal theatres will exhibit their spectacles gratis. The following day, at 6 in the morning, the festival will be announced by a salute of thirty pieces of cannon. At ten o'clock the troops will file off for the Place du Carrousel, and will line the hedge up to the Invalides.
French Nobility. —At noon his majesty the emperor will proceed on horseback to the Hotel des Invalides. He will hear mass there, and while the gospel is reading, all the members of the legion of honor, who are at Paris, will take the oath. The decorations of the legion of honor, (the new French nobility) will consist of a star, with five double rays; the centre surrounded with oak and laurel, will display the head of the emperor with this legend—"Napoleon, Emperor of the French." On the other side, the French eagle holding the thunder, with the legend, "Honneur et Patrie." The decorations will be ornamented with white; in gold for the grand officers, and in silver for the legionaries. It is to be worn at the button hole, tied to a red and white ribband. It is always to be worn. The emperor may wear either of the two stars. Arms are to be presented before the grand officers. The decoration is to be received at the same time with the diploma. When it is sent to any military officer on duty, it is to be presented in the emperor's name before the corps.
The seal is to represent on one side a spread eagle on an azure field. Above and below the escutcheon, is to be the decoration of the legion of honor. The escutcheon is to be surmounted with an imperial crown in a drapery; the hand of justice and the sceptre to be placed under the escutcheon and in the drapery. The other side will represent the emperor sitting on his throne, clothed with the imperial robes, with this inscription, "Napoleon, Emperor of the French." Gen. Angereau is still here, and till he repairs to his post, the expedition of which he has the command, cannot sail; he will, however, soon go to Brest.
It is remarked that admiral Truguet, who formerly commanded the fleet at Brest, is the only one of all the commanding officers who has not voted for the assumption of the imperial dignity. Moreau, the day before his departure, signed a legal instrument, by which he empowers his wife and his mother-in-law, jointly, or in case of the absence of the former, the latter alone, to sell his estates in France.
THE FRUITFUL SUBJECT OF INVASION.
LONDON, July 16—25. We are assured that gen. Angereau had, on the 28th ult. two long conferences with Bonaparte, previous to his departure for Brest. At the time, Talleyrand, Berthier, and a few senators and ministers of state, most in the confidence of the Corsican, were present. Angereau is said to have pledged himself for the success of the landing in this country, provided the plan which he has himself projected, for effecting the enterprise, be adopted without any change or alteration, and Bonaparte is stated to have acquiesced in the condition.
We are again threatened with the speedy sailing of the Brest fleet, which is stated to be completely ready for sea. The troops in that quarter destined to embark, are ordered to hold themselves in readiness; and the commander in chief, Angereau, was shortly expected from Paris. Some military movements which have been suddenly ordered by government corroborate the statement we gave yesterday, that a serious attempt is expected to be made immediately by the enemy. Mr. Addington too, in the house of commons last night, seemed to consider the peril as impending.
Government seems fully impressed with the opinion that the moment draws near when the enemy will hazard the experiment of invasion. The greatest activity prevails in all our principal points of defence, and troops are in constant movement. The brigade of guards at Colchester, and in that quarter, was this morning to pass the Thames at Gravesend, and we understand that

an encampment of 20,000 men will be immediately formed at Cobourg, in order to be ready to defend the southern coast, or to embark for Ireland, as the exigency of affairs may require.
HOSTILE INDICATIONS ON THE CONTINENT. Undoubted intelligence is said to have reached our government, that upon receiving the notes respecting the Duke of Dumbarton, from the Russian minister, Bonaparte, in a climax of rage, wrote a note with his own hand to the emperor of Russia in the most offensive style. This was instantly despatched; but after several hours' remembrance from Talleyrand, another counter was despatched to stop the delivery of this periphrasis . The messenger reached Petersburg on the same day, but the flaming note arriving first, had been delivered. The emperor of Russia has ordered copies of it to be sent to every court in Europe, and it is said to be of a most unique description. The most likely circumstance to accelerate a rupture between Russia and France is the formal protestation which we understood by accounts from Warsaw of the 5th inst. the emperor Alexander has recently given to Louis XVIII. A Russian nobleman is said to have arrived in that city with a letter written by the emperor himself, addressed to Louis XVIII king of France at Navarre, and inviting that prince to fix his residence at Pau, or in any other place in the Russian empire, where all the honors due to his rank, virtues and misfortune, shall be paid to him. At the desire of the emperor of Russia, Louis XVIII has made known to all his faithful subjects, dispersed and persecuted in different countries, that they have a prince to rally round in the Russian empire, where they will be protected, employed and succoured.
NEW YORK. September 9. At a meeting of the Standing committee of the Society of the Cincinnati, of the state of New York, on Wednesday, 5th of September, 1804. The President presented a letter received by him from Major General CHARLES COTESWORTH PINGNEY , Vice-President-General of the Society of the Cincinnati, which was read and at entirely considered. Whereupon, resolved unanimously, That this committee highly approve the sentiments expressed in the said letter, and that the secretary forthwith cause the same to be published. WM. POPHAM, Sec'y.
Charleston, (S. C.) August 18, 1804. SIR, With deep affliction, I received the account of our irreparable loss by the death of our late President General. This deplorable event has been sensibly felt and lamented in this part of the union, even by those who were not personally acquainted with him, and who did not coincide with him in politics. By me, who have witnessed his calm intrepidity, and heroic valor, on trying occasions, and was acquainted with his transcendent abilities and amiable qualities, and honored with his particular friendship, his loss is most poignantly felt, and his memory will be ever most affectionately revered.
Is there no way of abolishing, throughout the Union, this absurd and barbarous custom, to the observance of which he fell a victim?—Duelling is no criterion of bravery, for I have seen cowards fight duels, and I am convinced real courage may often be better shown in the refusal than in the acceptance of a challenge. If the Society of the Cincinnati were to declare their abhorrence of this practice, and the determination of all their members to discourage it as far as they had influence, and on no account either to send or accept a challenge, it might tend to annul this odious custom, and would be a tribute of respect to the sentiments and memory of our late illustrious Chief.—If the State Society of New-York should coincide with me in opinion, I should be glad to have their sentiments how best to carry it into execution; whether by submitting it to a meeting of the General Society at New-York, Philadelphia, or Baltimore, or by referring the matter at once to the different State Societies for their consideration.
I have this day received your favor of the 25th of July, and am much obliged to the State Society, and to yourself for it.—With sentiments of great respect, I have the honor to be, your most obed't servant, CHARLES COTESWORTH PINGNEY, V. P. G. S. C. Col. W. S. SMITH, President of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati.
HUDSON, (N. Y.) September 11. YELLOW FEVER. A malignant fever, we are concerned to state, has lately made its appearance with considerable violence in Walton and Korrieg, in the county of Delaware, in the interior of this state. In Walton four heads of families, and one young woman have died, and in Korrieg a number of persons, among which are a Mr. Burritt and his two sons, both adults. We are happy however to learn that the disorder is better understood & much less fatal than when it first occurred. It is attended with the black vomit, yellow skin, pain in the stomach, and other unequivocal symptoms of yellow fever; but to what the origin is attributed we do not understand. Walton and Korrieg are populous villages, containing a large proportion of meadow land, which has been long covered with water from heavy rain during the past spring. A "malignant fever" also prevails at Mill river, in Fairfield county, Connecticut, of which several out of a family have died.
ALEXANDRIA, Sept. 17. THOMAS VOWELL is chosen President of the Bank of Potomac. Robert Young has been chosen to supply the vacancy occasioned in the direction by Mr. Vowell's appointment.
At a meeting of the President and Directors of the Bank of Potomac, the following salaries were agreed to—viz. Cashier's Salary, 1250 Dols. Teller, 900 Book Keeper, 700 Discount Clerk, 650 Runner, 350 Porter, 300
AUGUSTA, (Geo.) August 20. We are informed that a party of Greek Indians, a few days ago, stole a horse belonging to a Mr. Patrick, living on the Appalachee. After a short pursuit, the owner, with some others, overtook them, and demanded his horse; this the Indians refused, alleging that they had bought the horse. Upon this, Patrick's party fired, and killed one Indian and wounded another. Thus far the transaction has been related to us.
CHARLESTON, Sept. 10. Gale of Wind in the Harbor of Charleston. On Friday night last, about 11 o'clock, a dreadful gale of wind came on in this harbor, and continued to blow with the most extreme violence until Sunday morning, one o'clock; the wind was first at north east, and in the course of Saturday morning it changed to east, and in the afternoon to south east. It is impossible at this time for us to describe accurately the destruction caused by this gale; the whole of the wharves from Gadsden's on Cooper river, to the extent of South Bay, have received very considerable damage, the heads and sides of most of them are washed away. Of the vessels in the harbor, but three or four have escaped without injury, several are totally lost and many more are much damaged. At seven o'clock on Saturday morning, the period of low water, the tide was as high as it generally is at spring tides; it appeared that during the preceding ebb but little water had left the river; at twelve o'clock it was from two to three feet higher than it has been seen for many years, and made a complete breach over the wharves and drove many small vessels on them, where they now lie. On General Gadsden's wharf several stores were washed or blown down, and their contents of rice and cotton much damaged and some lost. On South-Bay, the whole of the bulkhead made against the water is in ruins, and the house of Mr. William Veitch, built on made ground was washed down—the new street made to continue East-Bay to White Point is greatly damaged, the sea made breaches through it in many places. On Blake's wharf, a brick building occupied as a scale & counting-house, was beat down by the bow sprit of the ship Lydia.
In the city no other damage is done than many houses which were covered with slate, are in part unroofed, and most of the trees in the streets and many fences are blown down. Great apprehensions were entertained for the safety of the families on Sullivan's Island, but accounts received from thence yesterday, were very favourable, not a life was lost there except a black boy. From fifteen to twenty houses were undermined by the water and washed away; the inhabitants of which lost almost every thing that was in them. It is the opinion of some gentlemen who were on the island and who came up yesterday, that if the water had continued to rise for half an hour longer, scarcely a house would have escaped and many people must have perished. What have been the consequences of this gale in the country, we have not learnt; but we fear they will be distressing—on the one hand it is feared that the banks of the river plantations, were not high enough to keep out the tides, and on the other that the violence of the wind has destroyed the cotton plants.
There is one circumstance which took place during this gale, which we think worthy of notice. It was high water at the wharves on Saturday at 12 o'clock, soon after the tide began to fall, and at six o'clock in the evening had fallen about two feet, it was then expected that the next tide would be higher than the former as the fall had been so small; but instead of rising, it continued to fall a little the whole time of the flood, and was not as high at 1 o'clock on Sunday morning, the time for high water, as it was the day before at 6 o'clock the time of low water. We suppose that this phenomenon was owing to the change of the wind from east to south east during that period.
A negro man was killed by the fall of Mr. Veitch's chimney on South-Bay, this is the only life lost in the city, that we have heard of. Most of the families residing on South-Bay, left their dwellings in the course of Saturday, expecting that if the gale continued it would be unsafe to remain in them.
Many of the coasting craft and wood boats, are drove ashore on the marshes and in the heads of the docks, and are much injured. This gale was more violent and of much longer continuance, than the one which took place in 1783; from the description given of the hurricane in 1752, we believe that to have been the most dreadful, tho' it is to be feared that the loss of property is now much greater than at any former period.
ADVERTISEMENT.
For SALE to the highest bidder, on Thursday the 11th of October next. A valuable tract of Land, Belonging to the subscriber, containing by late survey 423 acres, lying on the main road leading from Louisa courthouse to Hanover town, joining major Joseph Eggleston. This land lies well and is very productive of corn, wheat and tobacco; it is supposed there will be made on it the present year between eighteen and twenty thousand weight of tobacco; about one hundred and sixty or seventy acres cleared, the greater part of which is fresh, 15 or 20 acres of good meadow land, and houses for the accommodation of a small family. It is not thought necessary to mention farther particulars, as it is supposed the purchasers will view the premises before the day of sale. The lot will be shown by application thereon, and terms made known on the day of sale, it being the intention of the subscriber to sell it on such terms as may suit the purchasers; as much cash however as is convenient will be preferred. W. MERIWETHER. Sept. 10, 1804. (tds)
THE VIRGINIA ARGUS. RICHMOND: SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1804.
The pecuniary loss sustained by the citizens of Charleston, by the late tremendous storm at that place, is estimated in some of the papers at one million of dollars.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman on Tom-bigbee river, to his friend in Frederick Town (M.) dated July 6, 1804. "A Spanish Alcade told me at Mobile, that he saw a letter of a recent date from the Governor of Cuba, to the Governor of Pensacola, mentioning, that there were 5000 troops with ordinance, military stores, &c. in that place, which would embark in a few days for the defence of the Floridas."
BOSTON, Sept. 10. By the Packet, capt. Trott, papers have been received from London to the 25th of July.
In these accounts there is some amusing speculation about a speedy war between France and Russia; but tales of this complexion have been so often repeated, that even credulity herself will not listen to them. It is certainly probable that Alexander does not regard the recent elevation of Bonaparte to the Imperial Dignity, with perfect satisfaction; yet what ever may be his predilections in favor of the Bourbons, we are decidedly of opinion that he dare not venture upon an irruption of peace. All that can be done by England to press him onward to hostilities, we are firmly persuaded has been attempted; but the Emperor of Russia must be even more weak in mind than his unfortunate predecessor, if he becomes the dupe of such advice.
It is averred that when Gen. Hedouville quitted Petersburg, he made the following declaration to the Russian monarch:—"The Emperor of France does not wish for war with any one; nor does he dread it with any one! A long peace is his wish; but the history of his life affords no room to imagine that he is of a temper to allow himself to be insulted or dictated to." Sweden, who may be considered as in the national suite of Russia, has grumbled somewhat too; but it is likely that the whole will terminate in a pacific manner.
Admiral Cornwallis has resigned the command of the channel fleet, but his successor is not named. As it is common in Britain, for commanding officers to follow the fortunes of their leaders, this resignation may have been made in consequence of Ld. St. Vincent's having retired from the board of admiralty.
It is publicly asserted that the British ambassador at Petersburg has been recalled, and that Ld. Gower the eldest son of the Marquis of Safford, has been sent to that court with additional powers.
Notwithstanding all that has been said about the perfect recovery of the king of England's health, there is room to entertain a doubt upon that subject, especially as Dr. Symmons, the Physician of the lunatic hospital, is continually about his person.—The parliament was to be prorogued on the 31st of July.
In France, they are full of bustle, on the coast with the gun boats, and in the capital in affairs relative to the approaching coronation of Bonaparte, which is to take place at the Hotel des Invalides , on the 9th of November next. It appears that nine-tenths of the people of France had voted in favor of the Imperial Dignity being perpetual in the family of the Emperor. All the powers of the continent have acknowledged Bonaparte's title, excepting England, Russia and Sweden.
The news we have received from Louisiana is of a nature by no means pleasant. The Natchez paper, to be sure, gives no precise object as the cause of the movement near Baton Rouge; but it cannot be good. Those turbulent spirits, who, under the iron yoke of Despotism, with military law before their eyes, could be civil and well behaved, can have no pretensions to liberty, when the moment a portion of it is conferred upon them, assert it, and usurp the reins of authority. The justice of the country is their due.
It is unfortunate that any thing hostile should have taken place against the authority of the Union or the Spaniards; for, if in one case it is meant to assert a claim to rights represented as withheld by Congress under a view of the situation of the Louisiana population, turbulence will necessarily in favour of granting that claim; and if it is meant in the other to support the pretensions of the United States to the possession of West-Florida, the insolence of a set of ungovernable ruffians cannot tend to establish our pretensions or reconcile the Spaniards to quit their hold of a frontier which may guard them against other hostilities. The first news from New Orleans, we hope, will acquaint us of decisive measures having been taken to check the progress of this party; and we cannot but hope the well meaning part of the people in the Mississippi Territory will cordially assist. N. C. Messenger.
The common method of attack upon our present administration absolutely refutes all principles for a free government. The people are a mob, the people cannot govern themselves, they are not fit to be free! How then are they to be ruled? Whence shall their Rulers get the right to rule them? Shall it be said by usurpation only? Whence did they get capacity, to rule them? What made them better than other men? Will it be most safe to be at the command of a man, who cares only for himself? It ought to be remembered that when the present administration is blamed, the subservient government should be defined. While we are told that they who are called friends of the people, aim at despotism, they who expose them as false friends avow the ends against which they pretend to warn the people. It seems then at any rate, with or without our consent, Despotism is our portion. We are asked to confess ourselves slaves, and are invited to ask for masters. Salem Reg.
FROM LONDON PAPERS.
BALLOON. On the 23d May, Madame Garnerin, with a Russian Lady, ascended in a Balloon, at Moscow. These Ladies did not desist from their bold enterprise, though at the instant a thunder storm, with hail and lightning, made it very hazardous. A quarter before eight o'clock in the evening, they ascended 5,500 feet. They heard in the air thundering every where round them, and felt the effect of the electric fluid in the atmosphere, which was full of clouds and rain, and agitated by wind. They descended twenty wersts from Moscow, not without great danger; the Russian Lady received a severe concussion, by coming against a tree. As the balloon was become very heavy from the rain, the female aeronauts had been obliged to throw away all their instruments, even the parachute, and when they touched the ground, only ten pounds of ballast remained.
Rules for Ladies to guess at the Dispositions of their Husbands.
To guess at the state or disposition of the minds of people, is their particular tone of voice, or manner of speaking.—Socrates thought there was more to be learned this way than from the face.—When a gentleman sent his son to Socrates, that he might be informed of his genius and disposition, after he had looked at the youth some time, he said, "Speak, my boy, that I may see thee." Diogenes used to say, "That he always wondered why people were so exact as never to buy a pot of earthen ware but they would buy it by the sound of ringing it; but when they bought a man, they thought it sufficient to look at him."
As due medium is the best in many things, it is certain it is best with regard to the tone of our voice. If it is not too much upon the grave or the acute, the too deep or too shrill, the too intense or the too remiss, the too high or too low it is a token of a great felicity of temper, and a great many other good qualities, which make a man not only happy in himself, but useful to the world. A grave, deep, strong voice, betokens boldness, pride, and obstinacy; an acute small voice, denotes timidity and cowardice, and more particularly so, the acute remiss voice; but the acute intense, or strained voice, is a sign of indignation and anger. A man whose speech is vehement and hasty, seldom wants a temper of the same qualities; it proceeds from a warmth of constitution, which causes an extraordinary quickness and hurry in every thing.—A slow, remiss, soft way of speaking, generally indicates meekness and lenity, if proceeding from a coldness of temperature, by which the animal spirits are kept from that violent agitation which is the occasion of all the rougher and more boisterous passions. A stammerer is generally of a fiery temper, he being too much precipitated by his spirits which cause that confusion and indistinction there is in the voice.
BRITISH SPORTS.
Many of our readers are perhaps unacquainted with the degree of refinement to which the sports of the English have attained. Their bull-baiting, cock fighting and boxing matches are surpassed by a species of diversion of which we confess we have till now been ignorant—we allude to the grinning-matches ! A London paper of June 18 gives us the particulars of a grinning-match, which had taken place near Bridlington, for a quantity of tobacco. There were three competitors for the prize, all of whom were speedily seized with the most painful symptoms, in consequence of the most violent contortions, and two of them died in three days, and the other soon after. The father of the third, on going to visit him, was so shocked with appearance, that he took to his bed and never rose again!!
The rigid moralist may affect to frown upon a diversion which goes to deprive his fellow-man of life—but a correspondent thinks, that when under proper regulations , this new way of killing men may be made to produce the happiest effects in our own unpolished country. His plan is, that it should be substituted in the place of duelling, to decide affairs of honor ! 'Tis true, on the first thought it does not seem quite so genteel to die by grinning as to be shot; but custom overcomes the strongest prejudices—and then what a saving of powder and ball! And besides all this, grinning has the advantage over duelling that as in the latter but one of the parties is seldom killed, and sometimes neither, the example before us gives us reason to hope, that in the former each party might be gratified with seeing his antagonist "grinning his last ghastly smile" Plebeian.
"Highly Important."
THE Republican printers throughout this state are requested to state in their papers, that the Election for the Electors of a President and Vice-President of the United States, will be held on the First Monday of November next, at the Court-house of each County and Corporation in this Commonwealth; and that the persons chosen as Electors are to meet at the Capitol in the City of Richmond on the First Wednesday in December next, to vote for a President and Vice-President. 13th September, 1804. A. V.
The subscriber being a-
bout to leave this state, requests all those who have claims against him to bring them forward for payment—and those indebted to him, to settle their respective accounts by the 20th October. WILLIAM THOMPSON. Charlottesville, Sept. 12, 1804. St
Robert Gordon & Co. Have received by the Julian from Madeira, and offer for sale, 50 Pipes SELECTED OLD WINE, Which they assure their friends proves to be excellent. They have also a few pipes, hogs-heads and quarter casks, DRY LIS. ON and PORT WINE , imported by themselves, direct from Lisbon and Oporto. They have received by the Charles and Edward from London, Part of their Fall Goods, And daily expect from Liverpool and Glasgow, an extensive assortment of nearly every article usually imported. 20th Sept. 1804 enl & Keo3w
Notice.
A PETITION will be presented to the next General Assembly to revive the Inspection of Tobacco at Tuckers upper and lower Warehouses with Sept 6th, 1804.
A GREAT BARGAIN.
THE subscribers are authorised to sell by private sale, on liberal terms, and if not disposed of by the second Monday in December ensuing, will on that day, at the Eagle Tavern, in the city of Richmond, positively be sold, at Public Auction, without reserve, for cash—THE MOIETY OF
A valuable tract of Land,
Containing 1080 acres, in Spotsylvania county, within twenty miles of Fredericksburg. The tract is commonly known by the name of Garnett's and adjoins the lands of John Penney, John Mitchell, Thomas Johnes, and others. The moiety is that part nearest the town of Fredericksburg. PROSSER & MONTGOMERY, v. ms. Richmond, Sept. 20th, 1804 oaf ds
AT a board of Directors
of the Bank of Virginia, on Thursday the 13th of September, 1804. "Resolved, that the operations of the Bank commence on Monday, the 8th of October." "Resolved, that any person producing and depositing at the Bank, scrip or commissioners' receipts for any number of shares regularly endorsed or assigned, shall be entitled to receive one, in his, her or their own name or names in a form similar to that used by the commissioners at Richmond, stating therein, the whole number of shares to which he, she or they may be entitled, and the sum paid thereon." JOHN BROCKENBROUGH, Cashier. 18th O.
LAND FOR SALE.
Will be sold to the highest bidder, on the premises, on a credit of twelve months, on Friday the 12th October next if fair, if not, the next fair day, the
TRACT OF LAND,
Whereon the late Mrs. ELIZABETH WILKINSON resided, containing (by estimation) 339 acres, lying in the upper end of New Kent county, about twenty miles from Richmond, on the stage road leading from thence to Williamsburg. The improvements are a good Dwelling house with four rooms below and two above stairs; a good Kitchen, meat-house and other convenient out houses, also a handsome young Peach and Apple Orchard. A further description is deemed unnecessary, as it is supposed those who wish to purchase will view the premises previous to the sale. Bonds with approved security will be required to carry interest from the day of sale. The liberty of sowing small grain this fall will be allowed the purchaser. Possession to be given the first day of January next, by EDMUND P. WILKINSON. September 17th, 1804. 1 s
Notice.
A PETITION will be presented to the next General Assembly to the revival of the Tobacco Inspection at Glascock's warehouses in Richmond county. September 1, 1804. [eow4]
100 Dollars Reward.
WHEREAS a most cruel and atrocious Murder has been committed on the body of a White Female Infant, on or about the evening of the 10th, or on the morning of the 11th inst. apparent just born, which child was found near the well on the lot of the late James Hind on the morning of the 11th. The above reward of One Hundred Dollars will be paid by the Coroner, by the direction of the magistrates of the city of Richmond, to such person or persons as will give information so that the offender may be brought to punishment; and all officers and citizens of this corporation, are hereby earnestly requested to make search and use all lawful means in their power to discover the said offender or offenders. Given under our hands, this 14th day of September, 1804. George Fisher, Henry S. Shore, Alexander Quarrier, Anderson Barret.
TO BE SOLD,
To the highest bidder, on the premises, on Monday the 8th of October next,
MY LOT,
In the town of Columbia; on which is a two story dwelling house, at present occupied by Doctor Nutt; a store house occupied by David Johnson & Co. with stable and gardens; the whole in good repair and pleasantly situated. One third of the purchase money will be required on making a deed to the premises; the other two thirds at two equal annual payments. Bond with approved security will be required of the purchaser with a deed of trust on the property to insure punctual payment. Possession may be had on the day of sale. Thomas Mitchell. Louisa, Sept 10th, 1804. [5]
P. S. Any person wishing to treat for the above property before the day of sale may know the terms by applying to Mitchell & Gairdner of Richmond, or the subscriber in Louisa county. T. M.
Twenty Dollars Reward,
OFFERED for a negro by the name of SA-MUEL , who ran away from the subscriber on the 1st inst.—he is a stoutish fellow, well made fellow, about 24 years old; two of his upper front teeth are out, and has a scar on his forehead over his left eye; carried away a pair of half boots and a grey hat with green under; in fond of good dressing; is supposed to show a free pass in the name of Henry Powders of Powhatan; he has been lately purchased of Edward Cox in Goochland county; his mother lives in Hanover county, where he may be lurking about. The above reward will be given for securing him in any jail. Persons who harbour or protect him will be dealt with according to law. JORDAN HARRIS. Powhatan, Sept. 15, 1804. St

Notice... The office of survey of the revenue, for the district of Virginia, being discontinued, and the unfulfilled balances in the said office transferred to me—the collectors of the direct tax & internal revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay and pay the balances due to the United States—And those whose lands have been sold in the district of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal, costs and fees as the law directs.
As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT, M. V. D. June 27th 1804.
To be let, on building Leases, three beautiful, airy and elevated situations for dwelling houses. To any gentleman in the mercantile line, or other occupation, who wishes a pleasant and agreeable residence for his family, either of these so would be truly desirable, as they are contiguous to the scene of active business, at the same time that they are removed from the dust and bustle of the town. Enquire at this printing office. An experienced, sober and industrious GARDENER will hear of an advantageous situation on application as above. None of opposite character need apply. tf April 25, 1804.
4439 Acres of valuable LAND, In the south of Kentucky, the greater part military, will be SOLD for good bonds, or exchanged for property in the state of Virginia.—Enquire of the printer. Dec. 26th, 1803
Plaster of Paris. I have just received from Nova Scotia, a cargo of PLASTER OF PARIS , said to be of the best kind, which I will sell on reasonable terms. SAMUEL PAINE May 14, 1804. We have received a small additional supply of MADEIRA WINE, Of a superior quality, which we offer for sale by the hoghead and quarter cask. GIBSON & JEFFERSON. Richmond, 13th July, 1804. Colchester, July 20th, 1804.
SIR, BELOW is a list of three hog-heads of TOBACCO, which have lain in this Warehouse upwards of two years without being claimed, which the law requires shall be advertised to be sold at the expiration of three months, at our Courthouse, Fairfax county. You will please advertise it accordingly. I. H. No. 226 542 115 527, April 25, 1804. M. F. G. 370 1135 1135 1000, June 13, 1804. Do. 372 1113 122 925, June 13, 1804. COULTER & HAMPTON, Inspectors at Colchester. To the Printer for the Public. 3m
The full blooded English Station, and most complete running horse, TICKLETOBY Will stand the next season, at my stable in the upper end of Chesterfield county, five miles from Gonde's and Bevil's Bridges and twelve from Goochland—The terms, his pedigree and performance will be made known before the season commences. THOMAS BRANCH. tf
I AM INCLINED TO SELL, THE TRACT OF LAND I live on, lying in Hanover county, 14 miles from Richmond, and about 2 from Hanover Town and Newcastel. By survey the tract contains two hundred and twenty-seven acres. The buildings are comfortable and in good repair; with a good barn, stables, &c. a large and extensive garden of two acres of ground, well enclosed, with sawed palings, on a declivity of twenty feet perpendicular, laying well to the sun. There is not a more healthy spot between the mountains and the sea. This place is particularly recommended as a retreat in the sickly season, either from the lower country or towns of the state. The sale will take place publicly at Hanover Courthouse, on the fourth Wednesday in October next, being the first day of the court of the county. In case the land is sold, I would then sell the CROPS STOCK, &c. and perhaps some NEGROES.  SAM'L. RICHARDSON, Jr. 3d September, 1804.
Notice. ALL persons indebted to the estate of John Dawson, dec. of Amherst county, by bond, notes or otherwise, are requested to come forward immediately and discharge the same—And those having claims against the estate, are also requested to bring them forward legally authenticated, that they may be discharged. JOHN S. DAWSON, Administrator of John Dawson, dec. August 10, 1804.
Forty Dollars Reward. RAN away from the subscriber last night, a negro man named BILLEY , about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches high, straight and well made, about 22 years of age, bushy hair, rather light complexion, and has lost some of his teeth before. He has waited in my house for nearly four years; he formerly belonged to Peter Heiskell and John Sawyer, and was sold by Sawyer to Mr. Brooke of Episcopate, and ran away from him and was gone nearly 12 months, and was caught in Hanover, where he had been secreted in a quarter. He took with him sundry clothing, a striped shirt, a striped waistcoat, and a striped broad cloth coat, nearly new, made in the fashion; white casimere pantaloons; several waistcoats; a round jacket and panaloons of dark blue striped velvet, with yellow buttons, the lining home made linen; boots and shoes. I will give 40 dollars if taken out of the county and brought home, and 20 dollars if taken and secured in any jail so that I get him again, and 10 dollars if taken in the county and brought home. J. EDMONDSON. Staunton, Aug. 29th, 1804.
Scrap & Letter Paper For sale at this office.
WANTED TO HIRE OR PURCHASE, A WET NURSE Without a child of her own.—Enquire of the Printer.
PRIVATE TUTOR. A YOUNG MAN qualified to teach the Latin, Greek, and French languages, who can be well recommended, wishes to undertake the tuition of a small school, in some genteel private family.—Further particulars may be known by letter directed to Lindsay's Post-Office, Albemarle county, and addressed to F. M. (tf) 7th August, 1804.
Notice to Distillers. WANTED, a MAN who understands the Distilling Business in all its various branches—for such a one great wages will be given. For further particulars apply to the Editor of this paper. N. B. A Single man will be preferred. tf
Cologne Mill Stones. THE subscribers have for sale a few pair of COLOGNE MILL STONES.  MACMURDO & FISHER. Sept. 10th, 1804.
FOR SALE, A very likely Negro Man, Who is an excellent Sawyer. Apply to THOS. TAYLOR & CO. V. M. Sept. 3d, 1804.
Notice. THE LOCKS near this place will be shut on Monday the 24th instant, and continue impossible until a set of new Gates can be put up, and the Locks repaired, which will require from two to three weeks.—Due notice will be given of the time they will probably open, after the work commences. ROBERT POLLARD. Richmond, September 6, 1804.
Mediterranean Passports. NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean Passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the eighth day of July next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel, for which application may be made on a compliance with the terms prescribed by law and surrendering the former passports of which she may be possessed, if any, in which latter case no fees will be required for the exchange; and that by an arrangement agreed upon by the Barbary powers, with whom we are at peace, either the old or the new form of passport will be sufficient to protect the vessels of the United States, from capture until the 1st of July 1805, at or which the old form of passport will be unavailable and the new one alone in use. Department of State, 25th of May, 1804. The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazettes twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the Customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices. June 1 6m
Family Flour. A CONSTANT supply of FLOUR, of a superior quality, for family use, kept for SALE, by GEORGE WATT. Richmond, 5th March, 1804.
Robert Greenhow, MERCHANT IN WILLIAMSBURG, Has just received, by the Commerce, Capt. Bowers, direct from London, a supply of Useful & fashionable Goods By the Bruns, Capt. Bance, who is daily expected from Liverpool, his Woolens, Ironmongery, &c. will be received. All of which, being purchased with cash, from the manufacturer themselves, will be found good in their respective kinds; and as such offered on as low terms as they can be afforded, to his friends and country men, whose orders will always meet with his wanted attention. August 23rd, 1804. 3m
Valuable Property FOR SALE. BY virtue of a deed of trust executed by Richard Dabney of King William county to the subscriber to secure and satisfy a debt due from the said Richard to Cornelius Dabney, administrator with the will annexed, of Owen Dabney, dec. will be offered to SALE, on the fourth Wednesday in September next, at Hanover county courthouse, to the highest bidder, for ready payment, in current money. GEO: WM. SMITH. Richmond, August 27th, 1804. tds
SUNDRY SLAVES, Consisting of men, women and children, one Brood Mare, about 8 years old by Lamplighter, two small Horses, Colts about 2 years old by Americanus, the noted Stud Horse called Hanover, one Waggon and Gear, and 3 Horses, one excellent Gaited Horse about 9 years old, and one Bay Mare Colt, by Americanus. GEO: WM. SMITH. Richmond, August 27th, 1804. tds
TO HIRE, For the remainder of the year, an excellent House Servant. Enquire at this office. August 21st, 1804.
The subscribers respectfully inform their friends and the public that they have farmed the noted and much admired English horse, KNOWSLEY, (The property of William Lightfoot, esq. of Charles City,) to stand the next season at William Wood's, in Albemarle, ten miles above Charlottesville. The terms of covering will be made known in due time. WILLIAM WOODS. JAMES KINSOLVING. September 3d, 1804.
Tickets in the William & Mary College Lottery are for sale at this office. Purchasers to the number of ten tickets may be accommodated with a credit of sixty days from the commencement of drawing.
(By Authority.) SCHEME OF A LOTTERY, CLASS NO. I. To Build an Academy in the City of Richmond.
 3750 Tickets at 10 dolls. each. dolls. 37,500  1 Prize of dolls. 5000 dolls. 5000  1 do. 2000 2000  5 do. 1000 5000  5 do. 500 2500  10 do. 300 3000  20 do. 100 2000  1500 do. 12 18000—37,500  1542 Prizes.  2208 Blanks. 
3750 Tickets at 10 dolls. each. 1st drawn ticket, having a blank to its number after 2000 tickets are drawn, dolls. 1,000. Do. after 2500 do. are drawn, 1,000. Do. after 3000 do. are drawn, 1,000. Do. after 3500 do. are drawn, 1,000. Last drawn ticket, 5,000.
This Lottery has been authorised by the Legislature of Virginia, for the laudable purpose of erecting a Seminary of Learning in or near the metropolis of this state. With this view, it is contemplated to raise 20,000 dollars, and 2,500 dollars in addition, for defraying the expenses of drawing, &c. The Trustees to ensure success, have divided the Lottery into four distinct classes, so as to raise the sum contemplated by an annual Lottery, for four years, to raise every year 5000 dollars, that the work may progress; it is expected that the present Lottery may be drawn by the first day of January next. It is hoped that the gentlemen who have purchased Tickets in the Richmond Academy will still hold them, as the division of the former Lottery into four classes was deemed necessary by the trustees to insure success to so useful an institution. The town of Boston (to the honor of its citizens) has public schools in which are about sixteen hundred pupils. The flourishing and increasing city of Richmond cannot boast of one public school. The Trustees of the Richmond Academy, have about thirteen acres of ground, nearly one half is accepted as a donation, and the remainder they have contracted for, on which they intend to erect the Academy. The site is elevated, healthy and beautiful. If any gentleman who has purchased tickets is dissatisfied with dividing the lottery into four classes, if he returns the tickets the money will be repaid, provided they are returned in ten weeks from this day. Doct. William Foushee, William Du-Val, William Price, (Registrar), and George Tucker, are appointed by the Trustees to sell and dispose of the Tickets, who are authorised to appoint agents for the above purpose. * Tickets may be had of the said committee, of Doct. John Breckenridge, Jr. Samuel Pleasants Jr. and William Prichard. Richmond, Sept. 1st, 1804. 3w
Surry Jockey Club.
WILL be run for, over the course at Surry Courthouse, on Thursday the first day of November next, THE SURRY JOCKEY CLUB PURSE of THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY DOLLARS, three mile heats.—And on Friday, the PURSE of the Proprietor of the Course, of ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY DOLLARS, two mile heats. All persons willing to start horses, &c. for the latter purse, will be required to pay an entrance of twenty dollars, except members of the Club, and from them an entrance of eight dollars will be expected.—The weights of the course are as follows: Aged Horses 130. 6 Years Old 120. 5 Years Old 110. 4 Years Old 100. 3 Years Old 86. CHARLES H. GRAVES, Secretary.
A meeting of the Club will be held at Mr. David Price's Tavern, on the evening preceding the first day's race. Surry Courthouse, 1st Sept. 1804. 1N.
The day following the above races (Saturday) will be run for over the same course, a SWEEP STAKES for three and four year old Colts, entrance fifty dollars, half forfeit, two mile heats, carrying the weights of the course. The subscription for which will be kept open until the Friday before. Stables and litter furnished race horses as usual, gratis. DAVID PRICE, proprietor of the course, Surry Courthouse, 1st Sept. 1804.
WILL BE SOLD, For ready money, on Saturday the 15th of December next, if fair, if not, on the succeeding Monday, A Tract of Land,
Lying in the county of Chesterfield, near Swift creek mill, it being the same tract on which Mr. Francis Lockett, sen. dec. lived, supposed to contain two hundred acres more or less. The sale will take place on the premises. Any person or persons who have claims upon the above tract of land, are hereby notified to come forward with them previous to the day of sale.—Also, all persons who have claims of any kind whatsoever against the estate of the said Francis Lockett, sen. are desired to make them known to us, for we intend as soon as possible to close our executorship, and after which this notice will be plead in bar to the payment of any claim or demand upon the estate. ARTHUR AIKEN, } Executors ELAM LOCKETT, } for Francis Lockett, sen. deceased. 4d 125*
THE delinquent Share-holders in the MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY, are hereby notified, that all shares upon which a requisition shall be due on the third Friday in October next, will on that day, be sold as the law directs, at Zech's Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, between the hours of 10 and 4 o'clock. It is requested that those who may have purchased shares from the original subscribers, where transfers have not been made, do notify the Treasurer of the number of shares so held, and the persons from whom they may have purchased the same, on or before the 3d Friday in October, otherwise they will be sold on that day, in the name, and for the benefit of the original subscribers. JAMES BRANDER, Clerk & Treasurer. 10th Sept. 1804. t3dfo
A FEW COPIES OF Lorenzo Dow's Dream: ALSO, A SERMON Preached by him in Norfolk, are just received and for sale at this office.
The subscribers agree to run a SWEEP STAKES over the Pridesville Course, in Amelia county, on Tuesday the 3d of November next, with Colts and Fillies three years old this spring, and no more, carrying on each 85 lbs. entrance fifty dollars, half forfeit. The subscription to close the 25th day of October next. The Colts and Fillies to be accurately described at the time of entering. To run one mile heats. Entrance to be made by personal application, or letter directed to the subscriber, living at Pridesville. Three Colts already entered. JAMES TOWNES, Jr. Amelia, 10th Sept. 1804. tf
Taliaferro & Dickenson, Offer for Sale on very low terms, Antigua Rum by the Hhd; Tenerife Wine by the Pipe; Sherry by the gr. Cask; Loaf and Brown Sugar by the Rnd or Barrel; best green Coffee by the Bag; Imperial Young Hyson and Hyson Tea by the Chest; Molasses by the Hhd; Earthen and Glass Ware by the Crate; Liverpool Salt by the Sack; Cotton Cards by the Box; Pepper, Ginger and Pimento by the Bag; Wrapping Paper by the Ream; Mustard by the Doz; India Muslins by the Piece or Bale, &c. &c. Richmond, 14th September, 1804. tf
Taken up by James Kerr of Albemarle county, an ESTRAY COW, near John Watson's store, rather incline to be of a red colour, with a small white spot in her forehead, also two under her belly; she has a crop and a slit in her right, and a slit in her left ear—appraised to twelve dollars.—Taken up by the said Kerr on the 1st day of May, 1804. A copy—Teste, JOHN CARR, D. C. 3t
TO RENT, Till the 27th May, 1805, THE TENEMENT, Near Mr. Wythe's, on Shockoe Hill, lately occupied by Mr. L. Burrfoot.—For further particulars apply to WILLIAM M. KIM. Richmond, Sept. 8th, 1804. tf
NOTICE. Is hereby given, that I shall be ready to receive PROPOSALS for furnishing the Public Guard with RATIONS, until the first day of October next, or on before which time, all persons desirous of engaging in that business are desired to come forward. THO: UNDERWOOD. Richmond, 29th Aug. 1804.
A PROPOSAL, BY WILLIAM YOUNG BLACH & ADRAHAM SMALL, OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA: FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, THAT CELEBRATED WORK, GIBBON'S HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE: Together with MEMOIRS of the LIFE and WRITINGS of the AUTHOR. No book could be offered, which stands in less need of encomium and recommendation—It has been read in almost every European language—The history of the long and interesting period from the reign of Augustus to the taking of Constantinople, and the death of Mahomet the II. is no where else to be found in the shape of regular and wellarranged history.—The Publishers presume to hope, that they do a service to their country in giving an Edition of it from the American press.—They will briefly speak of their intentions, and the superiority of this edition. 1. It will be the most complete Edition of Gibbon extant.—Because it will be enriched with the Memoirs of his Life and Writings, written by himself.—This will be an addition to the London copy of nearly 200 pages. 2. It will be about one third cheaper than the London Copy. 3. It will be executed in the best style.—The Publishers, with confidence, recommend to the public an inspection of the proofs, published by them within the last three years.—They are, Russell's Ancient and Modern Europe, 7 Volumes—The Domestic Encyclopedia, 5 Volumes, and Tucker's Blackstone, 5 Volumes.—They promise not to degenerate. Subscription received by SAMUEL PLEASANTS, Jr. Richmond ep
CONDITIONS. 1. It shall be printed from the best London edition, and be published in Eight Octavo Volumes, during the year 1804. 2. It shall be delivered to those Subscribers who take it in Volumes, at Two Dollars per Volume, in boards. Those who wait for the completion of the Work, may have it either at Sixteen Dollars in boards; or in a good and handsome binding, at Twenty Dollars; payable on delivery. It will be enriched with Two whole sheet Maps—One of the Eastern, the other of the Western part of the Roman Empire—A Map of the parts of Europe and Asia adjacent to Constantinople, and an elegantly engraved Head of the Author. Subscription received by SAMUEL PLEASANTS, Jr. Richmond ep
FOR SALE,  A Tract of Land, WHEREON I now reside, in Albemarle county, ten miles above Charlottesville, on the waters of Mormon's and Micham's rivers, containing 700 acres. There is on this land a valuable orchard, a good dwelling house, kitchen, barn, and other convenient out houses, and an excellent spring—the plantation is large enough to work eight or ten hands to advantage, and in good farming condition—this land is well adapted to the culture of corn, wheat and tobacco—there is upwards of 30 acres of valuable low-grounds—this land is considered the most valuable tract in that neighbourhood. Any person inclining to purchase will be shown the land by the subscriber—the terms of payment will be one third part of the purchase money paid in advance, the other two thirds in two equal annual payments. Bond with approved security will be required of the purchaser. Possession of the land may be had this fall, with a crop of small grain and a part of the buildings. A title will be made in March next and full possession given. JOHN RODES. August 15th, 1804. w2m
THE SUBSCRIBER HAS OPENED A Grocery Store,
In the next house above the Eagle Tavern (the property of Mr. Temple) where he has for sale, SALT, COGNAC BRANDY, HOLLAND GIN, ANTIGUA SPIRITS, LOAF AND BROWN SUGAR, COFFEE, IMPERIAL AND YOUNG HYSON TEA, PEPPER, ALLSPICE, GINGER, NUTMEGS and other SPICES; SOFT SHELL ALMONDS, QUEEN'S WARE, DEMIJOHNS, and sundry other articles, which he will sell very low at wholesale or retail, for cash or country produce. DANIEL TRIPLETT. October 11, 1803. w12m
Cash given for TOBACCO, FLOUR, or FLAX SEED. BLANK BONDS For Sale at this Office.
At a Court of Quarterly Session held and continued for Albemarle County, the 11th day of August, 1804. John Carr, vs. Mackley and Fisher, and Anderson and Watson. In Chancery. THE defendants Mackley and Fisher, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this state: On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is ordered, that the said defendants Mackley and Fisher appear here on the first day of November court next and answer the plaintiff's bill; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the public newspapers printed in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and also posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A copy—Teste, JOHN NICHOLAS, Clk.
VIRGINIA, TO WIT:  At a Chancery District Court, held at the former Capital in the City of Williamsburg, the 14th day of July, 1804. Joseph Hague, vs. Samuel Bailey and Thomas Sandford, defis. In Chancery. THE defendants not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this country: On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is ordered, that the said defendants do appear here on the first day of the next term and answer the bill of the plaintiff; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former capitol in this city. A copy, ANTY. ROBINSON, c. c.
VIRGINIA:  At a Court held for Halifax County, the 31st day of May, 1804. Joseph Hewell, plaintiff, vs. Pleasant Turner, defendant. In Chancery. THE defendant not having entered his appearance and given security agreeable to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that the defendant is not an inhabitant of this state: On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is ordered, that the defendant do appear here on the fourth Monday in November next, and answer the bill of the plaintiff; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A copy, JOHN BARKSDALE, D. C. H. C.
At a Court of Quarterly Sessions continued by adjournment and held for James City county, on Tuesday the 14th day of August, 1804. David Jones, vs. Benjamin Leman and Rebecca his wife, late Rebecca Turner, Thomas Turner, Harriet Turner, Eliza Turner, Clarissa Turner, and Eleanor Turner, children of John Turner, deceased, and John Goodall, administrator, &c. of John Turner, defis. In Chancery. THE defendants, Benjamin Leman and Rebecca his wife, Thomas Turner, Harriet Turner, Eliza Turner, Clarissa Turner and Eleanor Turner, not having entered their appearance, and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this Commonwealth: On the motion of the Plaintiff by his counsel, It is ordered, that the said Defendants do appear here on the second Monday in November next, and answer the bill of the complainant, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper printed in the city of Richmond for two months successively and posted at the front door of the court house of this county. Copy—Teste, RO: H. WALLER, c. c.
This day is published, by S. PLEASANTS, JR. [PRICE 50 CENTS, IN BLUE BOARDS] A SECOND EDITION OF A TREATISE
ON PRACTICAL FARMING: Embracing particularly the following subjects, viz:—The use of Plaster of Paris with Directions for using it: and General Observations on the use of other Manures. On Deep Ploughing, Thick Sowing of Grain, method of preventing Fruit Trees from decaying, and FARMING IN GENERAL. By JOHN A. BINNS, of Loudoun County, Virginia, Farmer.
TO WHICH IS ADDED, A SUPPLEMENT:
OR PART the SECOND of the TREATISE; Containing additional Observations on Farming; on the use of Plaster of Paris, Limestone, Salt, &c. to which are annexed sundry Certificates, proving the truth of his former statement thereon. ** Country store-keepers who purchase by the quantity, will be supplied on liberal terms FOR SALE OR RENT,
A Brick Lumber-House, On the cross street leading to Shockoe warehouse, now occupied by Taliaferro and Dickenson. Possession to be given on the 1st of October next—For terms apply to MARCUS ELCAN. July 6th, 1804. wtf
Forensic Eloquence.
Just received, and for sale at S. PLEASANTS' Book-Store, THE SPEECHES OF THE CELEBRATED IRISH BARRISTER, J. P. CURRAN. Accompanied with sketches of those trials for High Treason to which they belong. This volume contains a short account of the history and present state of Ireland, with a Biographical sketch of Mr. Curran. Also Mr. Grattan's Letter to the Citizens of Dublin; and Arthur O'Connor's Address to the Irish Nation. * Subscribers are requested to send for their Books. READY MADE PENS For sale at this office.