Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1800-08-08 00:00:00

The VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[No. 32 of Vol. VIII.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[Issue No. 758]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR.
[FOUR DOLLARS PER ANNUM—PAID IN ADVANCE]
FRIDAY, AUGUST 8th, 1800.
[TWELVE AND A HALF CENTS SINGLE.]
We announce with pleasure to the inhabitants of Richmond and the neighbouring counties, the establishment of a College in Amelia, on principles the most liberal. Of the gentlemen laid to be the President and Vice President of this institution we can speak from knowledge. The U. States in all probability has not two men better qualified for their station. It is hoped the liberality of our next assembly will enable the trustees to erect suitable buildings and engage one or two additional professors. We may then look forward to the time when our youth, no longer obliged to leave their native state in search of information, will cherish the love of liberty while they store their minds with science.
THE WANT OF A COLLEGE
BEING sensibly felt in Amelia, and the neighbouring counties; and there being at this moment, disengaged and willing to superintend such an institution two gentlemen of distinguished literary reputation; we whose names are subscribed, professed by the wish of the professors and a number of the subscribers, do agree to act as guardians until the Assembly gives a grant of incorporation. We have rented the well known, healthy and elevated situation, belonging to Mr. P. F. Archer, known by the name of Fox Arbore, where the professors will be ready to receive students the 20th day of June. The students shall be boarded on the spot under the immediate inspection of the President. Tuition SIX Dollars for the session, board shall not exceed TWENTY pounds.
Peter F. Archer, John Archer, Everard Meade, Daniel Hardaway, David Mead.
N. B. Application to be made to either of the Guardians. Amelia, May 20th 1800.
TO MILLERS.
An Excellent Assortment of DUTCH BOLTING CLOTHS, ARE JUST RECEIVED, and for Sale at the Store of the Subscriber. Joseph Darmidate. January 1, 1800.
SMALL-POX.
The Magistrates of the county of Henrico, having granted Licence for the Inoculation of the Small-Pox , AT the House belonging to the Estate of JOHN TABB, Esq. deceased, (in the vicinity of Richmond) the situation of which is high and airy; we beg leave to inform all those who wish to avail themselves of the benefit from Inoculation, that we are now ready to receive Patients. The terms will be very moderate, and made known on application to either of the subscribers.
WILLIAM FOUSHEE. J. H. FOUSHEE. Richmond, October 28th, 1799.
Dissolution of Partnership.
THE subscribers being about to dissolve partnership, they earnestly entreat all those who are indebted to them, to come forward and discharge their respective balances, or otherwise they will be under the disagreeable necessity of immediately commencing suits against the delinquents without respect to persons. Wyllie & Langley. May 19th, 1800.
SELLING OFF CHEAP, AT WYLLIE & LANGLEY'S.
IN consequence of the partnership of the subscribers being about to dissolve very shortly, they now offer for SALE on the most advantageous terms for Cash, Tobacco, or approved Notes at short dates.
A very large and valuable flock of GOODS,
Suitable for either town or country trade, and will be an object worthy the attention of country merchants, as well as private families. They consist chiefly of the following articles, viz. German & British Oz- naburghs Hemp Rolls & Sack- ing Sheeting, Downfalls & Bed ticks 7 & 8 3/4 Irish Linens Brown Selcias Coloured Russia Drill- ings Calicoes, Chintzes and Muslins Cotton and thread Ho- sery Linen and Cotton Checks Gingham & Seascuck- ers Moles, Batiks and Lutestrings Ribbands Bandanna Handker- chiefs
With a great variety of fancy and fashionable GOODS.
N. B. They are in daily expectation of receiving a further supply from the ship Rifton, just arrived from London.
The subscriber wishes to sell his HOUSE & LOTS,
IN THIS CITY. —ALSO— Eight hundred acres of LAND, with seven miles of the City, extending from James River, at Weltham, to the Three Notch'd Road—about 300 acres of the tract is wood land—Portion of both places may be sold immediately, reserving the privilege of securing and removing the crops at pre- sent on the plantation.—For terms ap- ply to
John Pendleton. Richmond, July 21, 1800.
FOR SALE, A VALUABLE Tract of Land,
L YING on Lickinghole creek in the county of Goochland, well known by the name of WHITE HALL, containing 1300 acres, of which between 5 and 6 hundred are cleared and well in- closed—what remains uncultivated is well timbered with oak, hickory and pine, and the whole land well adapted to the culture of tobacco, Indian corn and small grain of every kind. The creek above mentioned runs through the plantation, on which lies upwards of thirty acres of excellent meadow land, nearly the whole of which has been cleared up and drained by sufficient ditches. The im- provements consist of a central two-story dwelling house with three rooms, two parlours, and con- venient closets on the lower floor, and four bed rooms, closets and passage above—a kitchen, weaving and spinning house, smoke house, dairy, an excellent dry well, all convenient out-houses and six hundred grown apple trees of a variety of kinds which never fail to bear. Any further de- scription is thought unnecessary, as it is pre- sumed that any person inclined to purchase would wish to view the land. One half the purchase money will be expected on delivering possession, and bonus with sufficient security for the balance, in two an- nual payments.
Robert Payne. White Hall, July 8th, 1800.
WANTED,
THREE OR FOUR THOUSAND FEET FIRST-RATE seasoned Flooring Plank, Eighteen feet long—For which Cash, and the highest price will be given—Apply to the Primer June 24, 1800.
FOR LONDON, The British Ship Foster Barnham,
THOMAS ROBSON, Master, A FINE staunch vessel, well found, burthen 342 tons, and equipped with 400 Hds. tobacco. The Foster Barnham is armed, and will be despatched with all possible expedition—Apply to Messrs Robertson & Brown in Norfolk, Messrs Buchanan Dunlop & Co Peterborough, or to Robert Foulke & Co. Richmond, 19th July, 1800.
Ice Cream & Coffee HOUSE.
GASPARD ARNAUD INFORMS the public and friends in general that he has opened the house formerly occupied by Mr Clarke, on the Cross-street near Bowler's Tavern, where those who will please to favor him with their custom may depend on the best assortment and on as moderate terms as possible. N. B. It any gentleman in the city should wish to have Ice Cream for their own use, it shall be sent to them at the shortest notice. Richmond, July 21, 1800.
To be sold, A well Finished Three Story HOUSE,
With a Kitchen, Stable, Smoke-house, Coach house and Garden—on the main street a few doors below the courthouse, at present occu- pied by Jacob Abraham.—For further particulars apply to the subscriber. Jacob I. Cohen, On Shockoe Hill. Richmond, Jan. 27, 1800.
Just Received, And for sale by the Printer hereof, THE Columbian Reading Book, OR Historical Preceptor:
A collection of authentic histories, anecdotes, char- acters &c. &c. calculated to inure in youthful minds a love of virtue, from its intrinsic beauty and a hatred of vice, from its disgusting deformity. March 24.
Bail & Delivery Bonds For sale at this Printing-Of- fice.
TAKEN up by the subscriber, in Goochland County, at John's Fork, a BAY HORSE,
about seven years old, has some white in his forehead, and some white spots on his hind quarters, branded on the near shoulder with M. and a galloping horse, and branded on the off shoulder with a galloping horse, and branded on the near shoulder with a galloping horse, and branded on the off shoulder with a galloping horse.
John Trevilian. May 10th, 1800.
THE SUBSCRIBER,
ANXIOUS to discharge every just claim against his proportion of the estate of Robert Bolling, Esq. of Buckingham county, deceased, will SELL upwards of one hun- dred acres of best James river
Low Grounds,
In Amherst county, near Lynchburg, and next to the lines of Mr. William Galt, with the adjoining High Lands, and a most valu- able Mill seat, not far from the mouth of the Stoval creek. Also, two Tracts in Buckingham county, (one of 300, and the other of 400 acres) of prime
Tobacco Land,
On the north branches of Willis's river—The Amherst land will be shown by any per- son on the premises, and the Bucking- ham lands by the subscriber, for which one third of the purchase money will be required in hand, and the balance in two annual pay- ments. P. BOLLING. Buckingham county, } 10th July, 1800. }
The Subscriber,
Extremely anxious to discharge every just claim against him,
OFFERS FOR SALE.
His Valuable and Pleasant SITUATION,
On which he at present resides, in Amelia county near Jenito bridge.—This plantation contains between five and six hundred acres of valuable land with various improvements.—For terms apply to
William Murry. Grooms Brook, March 21, 1800.
I WANT IMMEDIATELY
A private Tutor.
HE must be well recommended for sobriety and good temper; he must be capable of teach- ing the Dead Languages, and other branches of science. I wish him to teach the French Tongue also, and as to his politics, they will not be objec- tionable; but I would greatly prefer a found repub- lican. His wages will be handsome, and his ac- commodations pleasant. JOHN TYLER. Green-Way, Charles City, } July 9th, 1800. }
For Sale at this Printing-Office,
A SET OF TRUMBULL'S PRINTS,
With their KEYS, Such as were presented to congress, representing the Battle of Bunker's Hill, and Death of Gen. Warren, and the Death of Gen. Montgo- mery before Quebec. Price—EIGHT DOLLARS. January 4, 1800.
Where also may be had—
[Price One Dollar, in Boards.]
BURK'S HISTORY
OF THE
Late War in Ireland,
WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE
United Irish Association
From the first meeting at Belfast, to the landing of the French at Killala.
I WANT TO PURCHASE
ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND
Barrel Staves.
JOSEPH GALLEGO. May 15th, 1800.
Blank Writs, Executions,
Subpoenas, &c.
For sale at this Printing-Office.
From the (Connecticut) American Magazine
Don Quixote—No. III.
TO those who have never read Mr. A- dams' book, the question may suggest itself—If he has written three volumes on the subject of government, why are passages se- lected without order or connexion, as if it be to give the public mind a wrong impres- sion relative to his work? Such ought to be informed, that Mr. Adams' volumes consist of a history of the revolutions, conspiracies, and miseries, of a great number of cities, states, and empires. This history he has interspersed with his own remarks, by way of precept, pointing out remedies for the evils he described, without method or con- nexion, but merely as his subject suggested them. It is some of those remarks which I have transferred, and shall still transfer, with as much method, and connexion, as not precisely in the same order, as they are put down in his book.
Mr Adams' mode of instruction is certain- ly the most impressive that can be imagined; it holds before our eyes a horrible, though a true picture of human calamities, resulting from a bad organization of government; and at the same instant points out to us a reme- dy for them all. To demonstrate clearly and precisely what that remedy is, has been the object of my second, as it will be of this, and perhaps of another letter. Of the ex- istence of the evils, there is no question; for it is indeed true, that hitherto, the history of man has been merely a record of injustice, tyranny, and misery; of error and suffering; but whether the remedy proposed, is not in itself the work of evil, is the important question.
It has been asserted by Mr Adams him- self, in his public speeches, and ten thousand times repeated by his friends, that he is in principle a firm republican. Let us not be deluded by sounds. What is a republican? He has told us what it is: he has told us who, what is the best species of it. As the passage is a short and pointed one, I will transcribe it.
Vol. i. page 222. Speaking of the Prof- fessor, Herberg, he says, "In a learned and ingenious discourse, delivered by himself, he has attempted to show the ad- vantages of simple monarchy over all kinds of republican governments, even of that last species of them, limited monarchies." Is he a republican, and not an advocate for the best species of republic? No: the absurdity is too palpable to pass even with his "simple- men, who are without any knowledge in any thing but their own trades and pursuits." When, therefore Mr Adams tells us, that he is a republican, we are to understand him to mean, that he is in favor of a limited monarchy. In this sense, he is a republican, and in no other: and is not this the whole which I have undertaken to prove?
And now, Sir, those who determine that Mr Adams' attachment to a limited monarchy cannot possibly receive any additional proof or illustration, must not have read his book; for in that we are told, not only that a limited monarchy is the best form of re- publican government, but we have pointed out to us a model of perfect government, now really existing, and with which, as it happens, we are tolerably well acquainted.
"Poland and England," says Mr Adams, vol. i. page 70. "The history of these countries would establish the general prin- ciple we contend for; the last equally. But who can think of writing on this sub- ject after De Lome, whose book is the best defence of the political balance of three powers that ever was written?
"If the people are not equitably repre- sented in the house of commons, this is a de- parture in practice from the theory. If the lords return members of the house of com- mons, this is an additional disturbance of the balance; whether the crown and the people, in such a case, will not see the necessity of mixing in a remedy, are questions beyond my pretensions: I only contend, that the English constitution is, in theory, the most flau- dulent fabric of human invention, both for the adjustment of the balance, and the pre- vention of its vibrations; and that the A- mericans ought to be applauded instead of cen- sured;" can any man quibble for what? Why "for imitating it as far as they have done. Not the formation of languages, nor the whole art of navigation and ship build- ings, does more honor to the human under- standing, than this system of government. The Americans have not indeed imitated it in giving a negative, upon their legislature, to the executive power; in this respect their balances are incomplete, very much, I confess, in my mortification."
Very good!—and this is a Defence of the American Constitutions!!
Mr Adams says of the Spartan govern-
ment, vol. i. page 159. "But, as a civil and
political constitution, taken altogether, it is
infinitely inferior to another, which Ameri-
cans have taken for their model. The Eng-
lish constitution is the result of the most na- ture deliberation on universal history and philosophy.
And page 221. "It must be regretted, that Mr Adams did not live to display his talents as a legislator; the world might probably have been a better with him than it is with any English constitution, two or three thousand years sooner than it was."
Vol. iii. page 257. "These examples all show, that the natural principles of the English constitution were constantly at work among the Roman people; that Nature her- self, was constantly calling out for a mix to control the power of one, or of a single person, possessed of the executive power; and another in an equal representation of the people, possessed of a negative on all the laws, and especially on the disposal of the public money. As these examples are great illustrations of our argument, and in- finitely proofs of the superior excellence of the American constitution, we will examine the story of Cincinnatus. See then what we have more defence of American constitu- tions."
Vol. i. page 325. "The science of gov- ernment has received very little improve- ment since the Greeks and Romans. The necessity of a strong and independent executive in a single person, and of three branches in the legislature, instead of two, and of an equality among the three, are improvements made by the English, which were unknown, at least, never reduced to practice by the an- cients."
Vol. iii. page 341. Mr Adams quotes an opinion of one Sedam, that the people have less means and opportunities for luxury, than monarchs, or aristocratic nobles. To this opinion Mr Adams answers thus. "If the sovereignty were exercised wholly by one pop- ular assembly, they would then have the means and opportunities in their hands much more than either kings or nobles have in the tripartite composition we contend for."
But why should I multiply cumbrous quo- tations to this point? It is not how proved, that Mr Adams is a cordial friend to lim- ited monarchy in this country, and pre- cisely of that kind, too, which exists in En- gland, than the proposition, though true, is in its nature incapable of proof.
It has been said by some of Mr Adams' partisans, that though he is in truth a fan- naker of monarchy and nobility in a govern- ment, yet that it is not his plan that they should be, in this country, hereditary. The absurdity of this assertion would be two po- palpable to claim remark, if Mr Adams had not himself been guilty on this point of a little tergiversation; or, if his friends prefer the expression, of an ite confusion—at one time he seems to favor elections of those de- partments, and at another time he is clearly for the principle of inheritance. It may possibly be of some importance to remove all doubt on this head.
The strongest expressions in favor of e- lection which I recollect to have met with, is in his chapter on the English constitu- tion, part of which I have already transcrib- ed. He remarks that they (the Americans) "have not made their full magistrate her- editary, nor their senators; here they differ from the English constitution, and with great propriety." It must be recollected, that he says this immediately after he had expressed, in the most emphatical manner, his uncon- ditional enthusiastic admiration of a theory which considers it of infinite moment, that they should be hereditary. What is there great propriety in differing from a system which does more honor to the human un- derstanding, than the invention of language, of ship-building, and the whole art of nav- igation, and which is the result of the most mature deliberation on universal history and philosophy?
If Mr Adams thought so differently at one and the same moment of time, it is most wonderful; but it is by no means wonderful, that after speaking with such love's warmth of a government, which he knew was in this country generally detested, he should think it necessary, gently to stroke and pat us on the neck, lest we should take flight and grow restive.
But let us hear his reasons for differing from the British constitution. "The agrar- ian (the land) in America is divided into the hands of the common people in every state, in such a manner that nineteen-twen- tieths of the property would be in the hands of the commons, let them appoint whom they would for chief magistrate and senators; the sovereignty then, in fact, as well as moral- ity, must reside in the whole body of the people; and an hereditary king and nobility, who should not govern according to the public opinion, would infallibly be instantly tumbled from their places. It is not only most prudent, then, but absolutely necessary, to avoid continual violence, to give the people a legal, constitutional, and peaceable mode of changing their rulers, whenever they discover improper principles or dispositions in them. In the present state of manners, this may be done, not only with- out inconvenience, but greatly for the hap- piness and prosperity of the country."

I think, indeed; but cannot tell how Mr. Adams finds his way to this result. "In future ages, if the present states become great nations—rich, powerful, and luxurious, as well as numerous, their own feelings and good sense will dictate to them what to do: they may make transitions to a nearer resemblance of the British constitution, without the smallest interruption of liberty." What does all this amount to, but that so long as the common people are wealthy, they will prove untractable subjects? The reasoning certainly does not prove, that the hereditary system is not best for this country; but, that the people of this country are in too early circumstances, to admit of the establishment of the best system in its perfection. This is a very important sentiment, which we may find it necessary to notice hereafter.
The passage which I have transcribed, if I mistake not, is the only one in Mr. Adams' book, which has the appearance of preferring the plan of electing the chief magistrate and senate, to that of making them at once hereditary. Let us now examine some, which, though evidently posed with caution, are of a different complexion.
Vol. II. page 220. "Whether succession is not the grand preservation against corruption, the United States of America have adopted the method of (Marchmont Neidham) that is, as to make the governor and senators, as well as the house of representatives, annual electors."
It is, however, problematical, whether this succession will be the grand preservation against corruption, or the grand inducement to it. The elections of governors and senators are so guarded, that there is room to hope; but, if we recollect the experience of past ages and other nations, there are grounds to fear. If corruption breaks in, a remedy must be provided; and what that remedy is, is well enough known to every man who thinks. To make them, that is, the governor and senate, hereditary, no doubt!
Vol. III. page 266. "This hereditary experiment [of election] they [the Americans] have tried; and if elections are better by made, it may answer very well: but in parties, factions, drunkenness, bribes, names, and delusions come in, as they always have done, sooner or later, and will finally decide every thing. The punishment again must recur to common sense, and find a remedy. Neither philosophy nor policy has ever discovered any other cure, than the prohibiting the dangerous first fruits of election and timidity. The will must be deferred until qualified by elections, (contingent upon) others, till they become for life; until this is not found an adequate remedy, there will remain no other than common hereditary. The military order of knighthood, that should induce any man to accept the important trust from the full voice of the people, would be a most effectual remedy."
Can it be that Mr. Adams, by the question now is, whether this passage is in favor of election or inheritance? Vol. III. page 373. "An hereditary first magistrate at once would, perhaps, be preferable to elections by legislative representatives: it is impossible to say, until it is tried, whether it would not be better than annual elections by the people; or whether elections for more years, or for life, would not be better still."
Before I quit this subject, I think I ought to transcribe one more paragraph. It is a very lengthy one, but, at the same time, replete with matter so important, as I trust to justify my troubling the public with it.
Vol. III. page 366. "If the original fountain of all power and government is in the people, as undoubtedly it is, the people have as clear a right to erect a simple monarchy, or aristocracy, or democracy, or an equal mixture of all three, if they judge it for their liberty, happiness, and prosperity, as they have to erect a democracy; and infinitely greater and better men than Mr. Neidham, and the wisest nations that ever lived, have preferred such mixtures, and even with such standing powers, as ingredients in their compositions. But even those nations who choose to reserve in their own hands the periodical choice of the first magistrate, senate, and assembly, at certain stated periods, have as clear a right to appoint a first magistrate for life, as for years, and for perpetuity, in his descendants, as for life. When I say for perpetuity, or for life, it is always meant to imply, that the same people have at all times a right to interpose, to depose for mal-administration, and to appoint anew. No appointment of king or senate, or any standing power, can be, in the nature of things, for a longer period than guardianship (during good behaviour) "the whole nation being judge. An appointment for life, or perpetuity, can be no more than an appointment till further order; but further order can only be given by the nation; and until the nation shall have given the order, an estate for life, or in fee, is held in the office. It must be a great occasion which can induce a nation to take such a subject into consideration, and make a change. Until a change is made, an hereditary limited monarchy is the representative of the whole nation for the management of the executive power, as much as the house of representatives is, as one branch of the legislature, and as guardian of the public purse; and a house of lords too, or a standing senate, represents the nation for other purposes, viz. as a watch set upon both the representatives and the executive power. The people are the fountain and original of the power of kings and lords, governors and officers, as well as the house of common."
Assembly of representatives: and if the people are sufficiently enlightened to see all the dangers that surround them, they will always be represented by a distinct personage to manage the whole executive power; a distinct senate, to be guardians of property against levellers for the purpose of plunder, to be a repository of the national tradition of public maxims, customs, and manners, and to be controllers, in turn, both of kings and their ministers on one side, and the representatives of the people on the other, when either discover a disposition to do wrong; and a distinct house of representatives, to be the guardians of the public purse, and to protect the people in their turn against both king and nobles. A finance certainly comprehends all the principles in Nature which belong to the subject. The principles in Nature which belong to government cannot all be known, without a knowledge of the history of mankind. The English constitution is the only one which has considered and provided for all the cases that are known to have generally, indeed to have always happened in the progress of every nation; it is therefore the only scientific government. To say then that standing" that is hereditary "powers have been erected, as mere artificial devices of great men, to serve the ends of avarice, pride and ambition of a few, to the vassalizing the community, is to declaim and abuse. Standing powers have been instituted to avoid greater evils, corruption, sedition, war, and bloodshed in elections; it is the people's business, therefore, to find out some method of avoiding them without standing powers. The Americans flatter themselves they have hit upon it; and no doubt they have for a time, perhaps a long one; but this remains to be proved by experience."
I shall not increase the immensurable length of this letter, by commenting on this paragraph.
QUINOTE.
From the (FREEMASON) GENIUS of LIBERTY.
Resolutions in reference to the next Election of a President and Congress of the United States.
LYCURGUS—No. I.
WOOLLEY prejudices are so strong, which think clouds are no light; it is no to be regretted that the luminary of the mind is less successful in dispelling prejudices, than that of the universe, in dispelling clouds.
An obstinate adherence to the authority of others, converts into blind enthusiasm, and becomes a motive of action still more to be deplored, when violent prejudices in favor of particular opinions, disqualify selfish designs are never intended to benefit a nation, when particular opinions may have that tendency, though they may be violently opposed.
There is undoubtedly a system of reasoning sufficiently simple and judicious, to discover to our interest; and if we can recognize it, there is no doubt of our maintaining it, in spite of an opposition arising from different interests.
Irony is the most powerful mirror for reflecting rays of truth upon the mind; whence Swift more thoroughly impressed upon the estimation, a correct idea of their principal situation, by a grave admiration to eat their own children, than he could have done by a laboured argument.
But a talent for irony is not more rare, than one for plain reasoning. Figurative modes of expression, are subjects to rigorous law; for supporting the illusion, and from particular purposes an uncommon talent for humour. There is a propensity in irony also, to degenerate into sarcasm, and therefore it is a dangerous figure to use when a nation is divided by party divisions, which have probably engaged to the ends of opponents on each side, nearly an equal stock of irony and conviction. We shall seldom relish it, when used against those, whom we believed to be virtuous, but erroneous.
It is not more difficult to convince, than to persuade us to acknowledge our conviction. The human mind will often rather persevere in error, than confess it. An universal love of victory and superiority begets a violent aversion against an acknowledgment which his spirit represents to us as humiliating.
To the want of some unanswerable system of reasoning and to man's aversion to acknowledging his errors, it is owing that the world has been so cheated by pious or rather impious frauds. If many honest men really believe, that the truths of God can be rendered more useful by the falsehoods of man, with what ease may they be seduced into an opinion, that despotism, the essence of vice is the remedy of the viciousness of human nature.
Socrates was put to death, for having exploded the heathen polytheism, and contending for the unity of God—and for preferring an appointment of magistrates by election, to an appointment by lot. This event teaches us, that men are capable of surmounting the most riveted prejudices by reason; as did Socrates; that the majority of an enlightened nation, may imbibed the most ridiculous opinions, and may be led by them to perpetrate the crime, of punishing those who dissented from these opinions—as did the Athenians. And that truth will finally break the fetters put upon her by man; for
posterity has condemned the folly and cruelty of the Athenians, and acknowledged the correctness of the two opinions for which Socrates suffered imprisonment and death.
It teaches us the danger to which our happiness, our reputation, and our virtue are exposed by violent prejudices. Except for theirs, the Athenians might have corrected the defective practice of appointments by lot, and thereby have much longer preserved their liberty; they might have escaped the discredit of rejecting the belief of a Deity one and eternal, for the absurdities with which they agitated the question; and they might have avoided the guilt of punishing an innocent man.
The present age would be infinitely less execrable for a perseverance in errors, with detection before their eyes in the experience of past times, than was an era of unrelieved experiment; and therefore truth now inills more disciples, both by a greater hope of victory, and also from a less fear of martyrdom.
The party in America, whose political opinions are erroneous, will derive but little consolation under the misery into which error plunges us, from the reflection that they have gained a victory. And yet nothing is more difficult than to convince party spirit of this truth, altho' none is more obvious. If it was believed, those who reason with mildness, would be heard with impartiality and thus parties might be able to anticipate the consequences of success, which they would frequently discover to be more calamitous to themselves, than those of a defeat. Men driven forward by the ardor of passion, have banished the only guide who could conduct them to safety.
That parties exist among us violently agitated, is allowed:—That they disturb the public tranquility and happiness, is admitted:—And that they threaten us with some disastrous event, is apprehended. The design of these papers, is to search for their cure. Persecution and moderation will be objects of the author's endeavours.
The attempt was suggested by an idea that society admitted but of two states: union and division. That the first could only be an effect of moderate government or of despotism, and the other, of a mixture composed of both. That as this mixture would ever generate party, its fluctuations would attach to a state of division, a continual tendency towards one of its cures. And that the people being absolutely limited to an alternative, whilst breaking out a remedy for political division, engaged their liberty and happiness upon making a judicious election.
A hope of success was awakened by the reflection, that as political parties, blindly devoted to leaders, were like followers, who butcher each other, to obtain for their generals renown, and a place; for themselves, a shattered constitution and an hospital; it was probable that every one would as length see, that which every one knows. For who is so ignorant as not to know, that such parties are the tools of designing men, for whom they gain a victory, and by whom they are invariably involved in the fate of the conquered.
Reader, you will perceive that this preface is intended to procure fair dealing for your judgment, by freeing it from a subjection to violent prejudices; to party rage, or to the authority of individuals. Admitting its sentiments to be correct, you will see me unjustly, if you do not decide upon the merit of the succeeding numbers under their influence.
In these it will be considered,
 1. What species of government is best for America.  2. Whether governments may be modified by the opinions of those who possess the chief authority.  3. Whether the government of the United States has suffered any such modification.  4. Whether such modifications may lead to other changes.  5. Whether such changes are likely to be effected, without convulsions, more calamitous than the evils they pretended to remedy.  6. What species of national repose is preferable.  7. What characters are likely to procure it. 
LYCURGUS.
From the AMERICAN CITIZEN.
PUBLIC SPECULATION; OR JONATHAN DAYTON'S LETTERS CONCLUDED.
(No. XIV.)
Philadelphia, April 19, 1796.
DEAR SIR, I have received yours of the 11th. There were many reasons which induced a wish that you would become equally concerned with Mr. Lawrence and myself, in the house about to be formed and established in New-York—it was therefore with pleasure I read your determination. In answer to your enquiries respecting the English treaty, I assure you that I entertain an opinion different from the leaders of both parties—they think a majority will refuse appropriations; I do not think so, altho' it is highly probable that such will be the first vote and decision. As in military so in political contests, an unexpected or wavering in the ranks on one side always augurs an unfavorable issue to the party where it is perceived, & rarely fails to produce flight, dismay and defeat.—Such symptoms are perceptible in the phalanx of the
opponents of appropriations, and I own I shall be considerably mistaken if (when it becomes a question of number) a sufficient number do not tread back their ground to accept a result very different from that which present appearances indicate. They calculate upon the number you mention, viz. 57, and say that they are certain and cannot diminish, but will probably be increased, this would, on account of absentees, make a majority of 15, too large a number to be easily operated upon; but this is no common case. The section in the end office bill which provided for the admission of military warrants in a certain proportion in payments, was upon my suggestion, that it would be more favorable and acceptable to the army, to have a tract equal to the Wabash tract appropriated for military rights near the Sciota, struck out. There did not appear to be a single member opposed to give such a tract in lieu of the other plan and the bill for locating military warrants will be so amended. The disadvantages of the original plan were, that warrants could only be introduced in proportion as the land sold, for two dollars and upwards, and it could not be expected, that in this way more than one thousand warrants would be absorbed in any one year; as 600,000 acres was the largest quantity, calculated to be sold annually at those prices, and the first portion thereof would require 1000 warrants or 100,000 acres. On the other plan the whole number which any man possesses may be located and realized in a twelve months, and that on lands good and well situated. The prospect of their rising in value is, in my opinion fairer than it ever was, and I have, since the sale made by you, purchased near by 100 for cash, 200 on a years credit with 6% interest, and expect to get 2 or 300 more. What is their price with you, on a years credit, with or without legal interest? Can any and what number be had upon a sudden demand? occasion. The contents of this letter are of such a nature as render it improper to be seen by any except yourself. Burn it therefore when you have perused it, and believe me
Sincerely yours,
(No. XV.)
Philadelphia, April 19, 1796.
DEAR SIR,
I have received yours of yesterday. The alarm which you mention to prevail in the city of N. York, will be productive of good rather than evil—Although I am far from believing that the present state of things is not a shock which private credit is receiving and the fall of produce, as well as the stagnation of commerce, even though it be temporary, are serious evils. Cannot the friends of Livingston, Haven, Hathorn, Van Cortlandt, and Baily be induced to remonstrate seriously with them, against their opposition to making the proper provisions for carrying the treaty into effect? Request Mr. Childs to make the attempt, he or his friends must know who have the greatest influence with those gentlemen, and they will, I am sure, respect much more the advice of their friends and supporters, immediately addressed to them personally, than that of a petition directed to the house of representatives. But I do not mean to discourage the latter mode of declaring your sentiments; but I recommend the sending persons, even into the districts of the members I have mentioned, in order to engage influential men to be active. There will be time to do this, for the discussions will probably be very lengthy—or if they are not, the first vote will not be so conclusive but that we may change, whenever a few will come over from the first majority. That majority is diminishing—three from Maryland and one from Jersey who voted for Livingston's resolution will now vote for carrying the treaty into effect; two New-York members, and two or three are wavering but are inclined to the Virginia side, if the air that is making does not shock their nerves. Tell Mr. Childs they must be active, and speak out respect, be on the toes to correspond in all directions, extending south of the Potomack. Keep up, for a time, the spirit that is now fermenting and all will be yet well. My opinion is, that your arrangements and establishment in New-York should go forward, for I cannot persuade myself that a majority will persist in their opposition or if they do, the consequence will be as important as are apprehended. This is intended for you and Mr. Childs only as I would not say anything which would tend to cax the laudable exertions which are about to be made. The purchases you hint at may, I believe, be made advantageously, if you can hit upon the price when it is at its lowest. Should you be very much pressed for money, I can accommodate you here for a number of days, and until you are more in cash, with the 750 dollars.
Yours with esteem,
JONA DAYTON,
(No. XVI.)
Philadelphia, May 13, 1796.
DEAR SIR,
Yours of yesterday is received. The 3000 dollars which I asked to be remitted from Mr. Denning before the adjournments will not probably be wanted before the 24th or 25th as our session will necessarily be prolonged a few days beyond the time contemplated, I will join with you in the purchase of the 462 w. and am willing that Mr. Lawrence should be concerned also, if he wishes it. Enquire when you go to the city next week, whether any other considerable quantity may be had, and on what terms and give me immediate information &c at the same time, where you will be on each day next week, whether in E. Town or N. York. I have sometimes thought it might be advisable to form a company to purchase all the floating w. and afterwards locate them; but some inconve-
nience would attend such a partnership which deters me from it. Who are the persons in the city that are purchasing w.—with an intention to hold and locate them. I will write by to morrows mail and send you the last report of the land office committee.
Yours,
JONA DAYTON.
P. S. Defer the enclosed Register to Mr. Lawrence who will probably be at home on Sunday.
F. Childs, Esq.
The foregoing letters will at least show, that implicit confidence ought not to be attached to men high in office and placed as centinels to guard the liberties of the people, they will show that the public agents are capable of a breach of the trust reposed in them.
Since copying the above bill of complaint, the answers and letters thereunto annexed, we are informed that Mr. Dayton has paid costs and withdrawn the suit, thereby acknowledging the justice of the answers of Mr. Marston and Mr. Childs and the justice of his own complaint.
From the Baltimore American.
THE Spouting held at Elk Ridge meeting ground, on Saturday, was numerously attended—Among the most distinguished characters on the republican side, were Col. J. F. Mercer, Judge Duvall and J. Johnson; but the aristocrats mustered all their force; there were S. Chase, J. T. Chase, Harper and Key. About 12 o'clock Col. Mercer opened the business of the meeting, in a strain of dignified and manly eloquence. He commenced by clearing his character from an illiberal imputation of once having asserted that this continent was too large, and its population too numerous to be governed by one government, and that it ought to be divided into two governments, making the river Potomac the boundary of each.
This charge was a low electioneering trick, brought forward by something named Weems who calls himself a candidate, and who is himself the only evidence in support of the charge. Col. M. denied the assertions and proved to the satisfaction of every one, that no principle of interest or ambition, could possibly allow him to entertain any wish to the effect specified.
Col. M. then noticed a handbill, which has been written and circulated by P. Key, Esq. against placing confidence, or "listening to Virginia democrats." This handbill was replete with that wine and cant about religion, and atheism, which generally characterize the productions of the "workers of darkness." His defence of the religious & moral opinions of Mr. Jefferson, was conspicuous for every thing that constitutes brilliant, sublime and nervous eloquence; he exploded all the base allegations which had been bro't before the public relative to Mr. Jefferson's religion. Col. M. proceeded to an able defence of the principles of the federal constitution, which he averred to be strictly democratic in the limited acceptance of the word. The handbill, in whose author he recognized his worthy and able opponent, (Mr. Key) to whose eloquence he had frequently listened with admiration, and often with up raised hands, was about to join his fellow citizens in applause had not the transaction at the plains of Brandywine, fastened on his recollection, where the gallant White fell by his side, by a ball directed by the very enemy in whose service Mr. Key was then an officer! Yes, he could have yielded that homage, due to talents and eloquence, had they not been displayed by one who was a British officer while we were struggling for liberty, against that nation, bent on our destruction, and from whom we had experienced nothing but the most shocking oppression. As a man, his private virtues were an ornament to society; but as a politician, col. M. could receive him only as the indulgent father received the prodigal son: "Father I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight!" This contrition might be sufficient to allow him to enjoy the privileges of citizenship; but "to make him as one of the hired servants" of the people, never could be safe, until his old principles were fully eradicated. [Here with great pathos, Col. M. read the parable of the prodigal son, and duly emphasized such passages as applied to Mr. K.]
There, said col. M. we saw the rebellious prodigal received with every demonstration of joy; the fatted calf was killed; the banquet spread, and music and dancing called in to encrease the display of festivity. When the elder brother came home, when he saw the rapturous admiration with which the rebellious brother was received, he remonstrated with the father; he had been ready to promote the parent's interest; his field had become fertile under his industry; his persons were had wielded the sickle that prepared the rich harvest for the barn; he had never caused the indulgent mother a pang; never disturbed her pillow by an anxiety for the effects of his imprudence, or a blush for his ingratitude. What means these exultations? said he, have I not been faithful to thy interest? yet thou never gavest to me a kid, with which I might make merry with my friends! Son, rejoined the father all that I have is thine; all the earthly honors in my power to bestow, shall be laid out on thee; thou shalt inherit my lands and my flocks, yet paternal affection directs that I should receive thy brother with hospitality, although he has attempted to injure my respectability, and brought disgrace on my household!
Thus, though our hospitable doors are thrown open to those who have warred against our liberties; though we allow them the full enjoyment of all the rights and advantages of citizens; yet let us below the work at command, on those of our steady friends, who having embarked their blood and fortunes in the defence of our liberties, in the times that tried men's souls, will not defer those liberties, established by such great efforts

RICHMOND:
Friday, August 8, 1800.
Statement of the Poll for a Member of Congress for this district.
   Henrico and City of Richmond Hanover Charles City James City New Kent Total Majority     For 203 188 116 115 156 778 350   Against 146 116 42 30 94 428   Majority 57 72 74 85 62 350  
FOR THE VIRGINIA ARGUS.
The following transaction will deserve public notice. Between ten and twelve weeks ago, William Dunlap, of Newcastle county, in the state of Delaware, wanted a negro woman, who was pregnant, and who had about six years of her time to serve. She was bought by one William Reynolds, who carried her to the house of one William Wright, a house where black people are often confined, when there is a design of carrying them out of that state. This house stands within two miles of the line between Delaware and Maryland. After having twice made her escape from these villains, the woman, with many circumstances of violence and barbarity, was finally carried out of the state of Delaware in the dead of night, along with another black woman, who had been bought, and was now hurried off in the same clandestine manner. They were both sold, at the line, to one William Carter, who is well known in this city by that name, but who passes in the state of Delaware by the name of William Lynch. The second of these two women had ten years to serve. The design was to bring them to the state of Virginia. Their time had been bought for an hundred and sixty dollars; and if they had been sold for life, in this state, they would probably have brought six hundred dollars. Such was the proposed speculation of the invidious Mr. William Lynch Carter. The women were kept in irons all night, & set loose every morning. They were first brought to Rockhall, upon the Susquehannah, and from thence to Annapolis, and then to Richmond.
Upon their arrival in this city, the prisoners were sold by Carter to Mr. Fulcher, a butcher, who immediately enquired of the elder of the two, in what manner Carter had got them. On hearing the above particulars, Mr. Fulcher declared that he would have nothing more to do with them. On this Carter carried them to Repphall's tavern, declaring that if they told any more tales, he would look them to pieces; but that if they would keep their mouths shut, he would give each of them a dollar. Carter having left the women at Mr. Raphael's, went in quest of another purchaser. In the mean time, some people at the tavern persuaded the women to apply to a magistrate. They found out Mr. John Folger; at the same instant that they met him, Carter came to come up. He was unable to give a satisfactory account of his title to them; and they were committed to prison, till an explanation could be obtained. Letters were wrote up to the state of Delaware; and the answer proved that the story told by the women was true to the last title. Carter, finding how matters were likely to go, disappeared. The women are now lodged in Mr. Rose's house, and it is expected that they will soon be declared entirely free.
About the same time, that the above women were kidnapped, a free black man of the name of Cato, who was working at the above William Wright's in Delaware state, was seized by the above banditti. He was conveyed to Richmond, and sold at Mr. Raphael's to a person in Petersburg for thirty-three barrels of flour. We understand that the man has since been in Richmond, in the service of his new master; and that Mr. Folger, whose activity and humanity have been conspicuous in the case of the women, is making some enquiries about him. It is criminal to steal a horse, how much greater is the villainy of stealing a fellow creature, of stealing a woman, and a woman in a state of pregnancy! It must be an object of regret, if such miscreants cannot be brought to the gallows. We have already a long and black enough score to answer for on account of Africa. Let us not wantonly make it longer.
Richmond Jail, August 7, 1800. The Wilmington Mirror is requested to reprint this article.
Whenever the government of a republican country has produced by its measures injurious effects, and the people begin to realize the injury, they must and will resort to the only substantial cure for such evils, the right and frequency of election. The United States are, at this moment exactly in this condition. They have felt the effects of federal measures, and just resentment has been the consequence. They have seen the frequent attempts of individuals to introduce and establish laws of an odious and detestable character, and republican energy has been excited to crush to atoms these iniquitous arrangements, and guard the public welfare. There is not upon record, a single instance of equal zeal and activity concerning the right of suffrage, and the remedy of evils as is now exhibited in the United States.
The public opinion is alive to their most important interests. The people have felt the evil effects of the past administration, and they see with great clearness, that the instrument by which the executive power of the federal government is managed must be different, or ruin is the inevitable consequence. The state of Delaware, though small, is at this moment exhibiting, a zeal for the public welfare which has not been seen till lately the conduct of their representative in Congress. His strong attachment to anti-federal measures has no doubt reinitiated, and brought into more vigorous action, the patriotic feelings of the citizens of Delaware.
It is thus that such men as Mr. Bayard, without any good intention, become the instruments by which the public interest and safety are supported.
A scribbl, under the signature of "Burleigh," in the Connecticut Courant, printed at Hartford, has made several faint and impotent attempts to vilify the firm and established character of our first vice-president: we have patiently and without prejudice, examined the reasoning and evidence of reproach, which this and many other insignificant essays have made use of to traduce honoured merit, and to throw a veil over the acts of virtuous men, and destructive measures. It is a remarkable circumstance, that no brilliant talents and abilities have been prostituted to this vile object.
The traducers of Mr. Jefferson have not had sufficient address to conceal their ignorance; they have totally failed in endeavouring to injure his fair fame; but were they to give us their real signatures, instead of anonymous ones, they would succeed in rendering their characters notorious, not only for being insignificant, but wicked calumniators. As it is, the public cannot be prejudiced against an old tried friend, by British hirelings or apocryphal traitors.
Mr. Jefferson's friends are no way unwilling to compare his conduct, as a statesman and a patriot, with that of Mr. Adams. They are ready to admit, that he has never earned the praise of the Tories or the British, nor has he exhibited any predilection for it. He never was found hardy enough to defend the British constitution, or to hold forth that heap of absurdity and source of oppression, as "the most stupendous fabric of human invention."
Change of political opinion is often effected by causes which ought not to influence or direct the judgment of man. In the commencement of the American Revolution, the impression resulting from suffering, the experience which the American people had of numerous misfortunes, their ardent love of liberty, and their apprehensions concerning the issue of the contest with Britain, led them to proffer sentiments of friendship to the Irish nation.
At that time, they were invited by Congress to come and partake of the blessings of liberty, and the blessings of hospitality which the United States were willing to bestow upon all oppressed and foreign nations. It ought to have been presumed, that America, after gaining her own liberty, would have remained faithful to the political happiness of other nations, and continued equally anxious, to assist them in the attainment of their rights, and the establishment of just government. This expectation, however, has not been verified. The most implacable resentment, has been shown within a few years past, against the Irish people against that unfortunate nation, goaded and oppressed by the tyranny of Britain against the hope or possibility of renovating society in that quarter of the world. Whence this sentiment of malignity against this nation? Are the people of the United States so selfish and so insensible, so lost to the considerations of universal emancipation, as to be incapable of feeling for the miseries of that distressed country? Expressions of vengeance are poured out against the insurgents of Ireland, as if the misfortunes of that nation, were justly to be attributed to that righteous spirit by which it has attempted its liberty.
Ireland has suffered the most dreadful calamities, but these calamities had their source and origin in London. The Irish nation has been robbed and pillaged—it has been stripped of all its substance, to feed and cloathe the destructive armies of the British king, whose savage operations are continually troubling the four quarters of the globe.
Ireland ought to be free and independent; and free and independent she will be: this event must one day arrive, and probably a great length of time will not elapse before England will feel its effects. The maritime force of that corrupt monarchy will then be essentially diminished. They will not be able either to feed or man their fleets, and the progress of republicanism continually advancing upon the continent of Europe, will carry its powerful effects into the very heart of England, and by its energy, prostrate before the majesty of the people, the corrupt and tyrannical government of that country.
Am. Citizen.
COMMUNICATION.
SHIP JUNO—It is surprising, that the release of the Juno, should be introduced in the American papers as "a pleasing intelligence." The capture of this ship was such a glaring violation of our commerce, that it was impossible the ship should be condemned: but the detention of the vessel, and expenses attending the business, ought rather to be considered as imposing on the merchants of the United States. What satisfaction have the owners for paying upwards of one thousand dollars? The delay of the
passage, and other expenses, are the consequences attending the capture. The British government receive additional measure after having the release of vessels, usually taken are "a pleasing intelligence" and it will encourage them to capture them, knowing that if they are not condemned, (even should there be no cause for it) the British printers in America will overlook the impression of detention and expense, and compliment the detestable conduct with the appellation of "a pleasing intelligence." While these printers are so open mouthed on the conduct of the French, it is requested they would be more decent in their observations on the English.
John Adams.
Monday, August 12, Amelia county.
THE SEMINARY OF LEARNING. Announced in this paper to have been established in Amelia, is now in active and ready to receive Students. For particulars apply to Meriwether Jones, editor of the Richmond Examiner.
STOLEN. From Francis Lockett, on a Sunday night the thirteenth of this inst. a yellow bay Horse, seven years old last spring, about five feet eight or nine inches high, with a bay in his forehead and a vent on his left ear near where the brow band of the bridle goes. Any person that will bring the said horse to me or give such information that I get him again shall receive ten dollars reward. William Lockett. Chesterfield county, July 18, 1800.
Wanted, In a private family in the country, a TUTOR, who can teach reading, writing and arithmetic. Also an OVERSEER, for the ensuing year, who is acquainted with the farming business. Applications in either capacity must come well recommended. Enquire of the printer. August 2, 1800.
Doctor Irent, HAVING declined, for the present, his visit to Europe, begs leave to offer his Medical and Chirurgic services to the inhabitants of Richmond and the neighbouring counties. He resides in the house, formerly occupied by his Preceptor, the late Doctor A. Leiper, where all applications will meet with the kindest attention. Richmond, August 6, 1800.
Small-Pox.
THE FALL INOCULATION WILL commence on the 15th of September, at the Hospital in the county of Buckingham; the natural advantages attending its situation are all that can be desired, being high and airy, and supplied with seven excellent springs; the houses are large and lofty, with necessary windows, and good plank floors; one of the buildings is situated several hundred yards from the rest, containing four sixteen feet rooms, calculated for ladies; and as Mrs. Holland will reside here during the time, it is expected that their accommodation will be unexceptionable. It is about 20 miles distant from the Courthouses of Buckingham, Prince Edward, Charlotte and Campbell, about 6 miles from capt. Flood's tavern, and about the same from capt. Kelle's Boats. Prices of Inoculation a Guinea for Whites, and Fifteen Shillings for Blacks. JAMES WALKER.
P. S. There will be a Steward, who will furnish those who are not desirous of finding themselves in diet, at two dollars per week, or seven dollars during the time; also, lodging to those who live at a distance. N. B. There will be fresh matter, to prevent any disappointment. Patients will be received until the last of October. J. W.
FOR SALE. On Friday the 1st of August next, will be offered at the Eagle Tavern at 12 o'clock, A VALUABLE MANUFACTURING MILL, Situated on the James River Canal, One mile from Richmond and lately occupied by Thomas and Ebenezer Maule; together with the land, houses, and other improvements thereunto belonging. Also, a Warehouse & Lot
of Ground, opposite the bridge over the canal leading to Main's Point. This property being conveyed to a subscribers by the late firm of Thomas and Ebenezer Maule, for the benefit of their creditors, will be sold without reserve. Four thousand dollars of the purchase money will be required to be paid by the purchaser, the remainder in five annual payments. D. LADD, CORNELIUS BUCK, WM. WISEHAM, June 30th, 1800. (tdf.)
N. B. The above is POSTPONED, until FRIDAY the FIFTEENTH INSTANT.
DOCT. RUSSELLS HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE. Subscriptions to this invaluable work, will be received at Pritchard's Book-Store, and at S. Pleasants' Printing-Office, Richmond, till further notice. June 6, 1800. (w3m)
Ventose (19 March) from a member of the French Council of state, to a gentleman in this city. The American Commissioners have been received in the most kind manner.—Buonaparte had caused an eulogium on Washington to be delivered at the invalids (now the temple of Mars)—I dined on the 21st inst. at Talleyrand's with the three commissioners and all the foreign ministers. The conferences commenced on the day following, the 22nd.—The three commissioners named on the part of France are Joseph Buonaparte, brother to the First Consul, Roederer and Pleurell, the latter counsellors of state.
I was, on the day before yesterday, sent to the legislative body, in order to speak in support of a law, which was adopted. It enacts that all prizes, both those depending now, and such as might hereafter take place, shall be tried agreeably to a mode to be adopted by government, which is about to create a council of prizes, the proceedings whereof are to be established by a regulation—I am now preparing to report one. By this means, the neutrals will no longer be exposed to the dangers of a kind of privateering which was nothing short of cloaked piracy. I hope that this measure, and our adopting again the rule of 1778, agreeably to which no condemnation can take place unless three fourths of the cargo are enemy's property, and which has been revived by a law of the 21st of Primaire, will restore harmony between France and America.
FOR SALE, A Plantation & Tract of Land, Lying in the Cove of the Horse-shoe mouth of the James River, containing 555 acres (more or less) a large proportion of which is of the richest quality, and productive in tobacco, wheat, corn and hemp. There is a tolerable dwelling house and other convenient buildings both for planter and farmer (the house of them out of repair) — the land is in good order for cropping, and it is close and sufficient to work 7 or 8 hands to advantage. There are orchards of most kinds of domestic fruit, which seldom fail bearing; besides a great quantity of wood which the woodland produces spontaneously (i.e. great advantage to stock). This land also abounds with fine timber and excellent water—but as it is presumed the purchaser will certainly view before he buys it a further description is unnecessary.—The terms will be moderate and may be known by application to the publisher on the premises. James Hopkins
AGREEMENT to the last will and testament of William Depreist, deceased, will be offered for sale at public auction, on the premises, the 21st day of September next. A well improved LOT, in the city of Richmond, described in the plan of the said city by the number 25, adjoining the testamentary premises in the occupation of Mr. Henry Shore. The terms of sale will be one half cash, the other half twelve months credit. Miles Belden, ex'r. Lucy Young, ex'ix. August 10, 1800.
DUTCH BOLTING CLOTHS. A few pieces first quality No. 2 to 7 Just received for sale, by S. & S. Myers, Next door below the Eagle-Tavern. THAT HAVE ALSO, Bar-Iron, Sugar, French & Spanish Brandy, & Lisbon Wine. (16w) August 4, 1800.
20 Dollars Reward.
RAN away from the subscriber, about the 1st of June last a very black negro man, named BEN: He is about 5 feet ten or eleven inches high, between 25 and 30 years old, large ankles, which to a person unacquainted with him would appear to be swelled; he has several scars about his neck and jaws, and a knot upon the back part of his neck about the size of a man's thumb, not unlike a horn. He was formerly the property of Armistead Russell of New-Kent county, and has a wife belonging to col. William Mayo near Richmond, about which place it is probable he is now lurking, having been seen there on Saturday last; had on & took with him a variety of wearing apparel, and is remarkable for always appearing well dressed. The above reward will be given to any person that will take up said fellow and commit him to the jail in Richmond. Sherwood Kidd. Buckingham, July 14, 1800. 3tw
We are told by the friends of Mr. Adams, Mr. Key who asserts it that Gen. Washington approved of all the measures of Mr. Adams; yes! the sacred shade of that venerable hero, is now conjured from the silent tomb, to sanction the measures of those who have aimed at the subversion of your liberties. My fellow citizens, let us be guided by facts; let truths, positive and incontrovertible, be the only auxiliary which we call in on an occasion so momentous. All the measures of Mr. Adams have not met an approval from the voice of that great man, who lived and died a republican, nor from the voice of God! A majority of the American people at this moment disprove his conduct, and have always held it as an incontrovertible truth, that the voice of the people is the voice of God! Let us on this subject advert to the words of Washington; here my fellow citizens, are his own words, his last will written in the moments of calmness and resignation, when his mind was released from the considerations of this world; where he knew no person would read those sentiments until after his mortal parts should be laid on the cold mansions of the dead; (Here col. M. read that part of Washington's will, where he returns to Lord Buchan the box, which was sent him, to bequeath to the next greatest man, wh. in his opinion, might survive him; but returned it to the original donor.) Is not this circumstance alone, a proof, my fellow citizens, that Mr. W. did not approve of Mr. Adams's conduct. What more decided one do we require?
(To prove, that as a genuine republican, Washington could not approve of Mr. Adams's principles, Colonel M. proceeded to examine the writings of the letter, in his book entitled "The Defence, &c." He read several passages in volume 3. page 296, 366, 437, and contrasted opinions therein contained with those of Washington, and with the sentiments of true republicanism; he noticed the establishment of the prefixes of Feno and porcupine; and the measures which had been taken to array them and other prefixes against the personal character of Mr. Jefferson. He then again reverted to the charges of irreligion, &c. which those prefixes had endeavoured to support, and took occasion to quote the "Notes on Virginia," and the toleration law of that state, of which Mr. J. was the author. He then proceeded to make a general summary of the sentiments, proceedings of both candidas in public and private life, and concluded in the most masterly and sublime strains of eloquence, that perhaps ever before saluted the ears of a Maryland audience.
At the conclusion Key took himself off; Harper looked as if he despaired of ever getting a place; J. Chase kept his seat in his carriage; but S. Chase red as a turkey cock, mounted the rostrum. It is needless for me here to mention his reply; who ever has heard him speak, on a similar occasion, may judge of his sentiments thereat, who ever has read the extraordinary orations which he has recently advanced on the bench would find but a reiteration of the same innovations here. In fine, he spoke for his pension, and spoke like a pensioner!
The above notices are written only from a few short notes, which I had an opportunity of taking while crowded continually, and frequently jostled by the aristocrats, who sickened at the idea of such divine sentiments as Col. Mercer's surviving the limits of the ground on which they were uttered. In many instances no doubt I am erroneous, but under such circumstances I hope these errors will be readily excused. Col. Mercer was on his feet for four hours; and although frequently interrupted by the contradictions and buffoonery of S. Chase, continued with unerring energy and eloquence to speak during the whole term. His were none of the untenable assertions of a mercenary; he spoke not for the security of a salary, but ascending by gradual and progressive steps, to the sublime and beautiful, "He caught the prisoned soul and swept it in elysium."
PHILADELPHIA, July 31. An elegant and ingenious work has lately been published in New-York, by D. Fraser, entitled the "Mental Flower Garden, or the entertaining and instructive companion for the fair sex." This work is calculated to do good. It contains a selection of many moral and religious essays, and some excellent pieces of poetry. It would be highly useful if adopted as a school book, by the masters of female academies, and the mistresses of female boarding schools.
The washing of the gutters three times a week by the street commissioners, is probably the principal cause of the present extraordinary healthiness of our city. From the close construction of those gutters, it is impossible for the filth which is daily poured into them from our kitchens to soak into the earth, as it did in their former less compact form.
The frequent ablution of our gutters would be less necessary, if housekeepers would burn all their kitchen offals, instead of collecting them in a barrel, and throwing them when putrid, into the streets. Moses, the leader of the Jewish nation, kept a body of 600,000 people in good health by nothing but a strict regard to cleanliness. Holes were dug in every encampment to bury their filth, and the offals of their cattle, whether used in food or in sacrifices, were constantly burnt without their camp. The neglect of these practices was punished by desolating plagues. Similar calamities have followed similar acts of negligence in all countries. A filthy city may be compared to a Volcano. It always contains within its bowels, the materials of its own destruction.
Extracted from the French. Extracts of a letter dated, Paris 28

Domestic Medicine. FOR THE CURE OF COUGHS, COLDS, BRONCHIA, AND CONSUMPTION. DR. CHURCH'S COUGH DROPS This Medicine, unequalled by any other in the world—Since first discovered by Dr. Church, it has restored to Health many Thousands of the most Emaciated Old Men, both Asthmatic and Consumption, that were once given up to die, in Europe, America, and the West Indies, and often when every other Medicine had been used without effect, and the most eminent of the Faculty confirmed its value. It is a Specific, Speedy, and Effectual Remedy in: Sore Throats, Catarrhs, Stomachs of breath, Tickling in the throat, Tightness of the chest, Hooping Cough, Wheezings, Congested Phlegm, Spitting of Blood, Soreness of the Head and Stomach, &c. ASTHMAS & CONSUMPTIONS and all Disorders of the Breaths and Lungs. Further proof of its efficacy, with a list of upwards of One Thousand Attested Cases of Cure, may be seen at the place of Sale.
The only Medicine in the World, that Cures the most Inveterate ITCH in four hours. The Genuine Patent Scotch Ointment, For Pleuritis, Scurvy, Expedition, Ease and Curiosity, is infinitely superior to any other Medicine for the cure of the Itch. It is so certain in its operation, that it has never failed in any one instance whatever, of effectually curing that disagreeable disorder in four hours, by one application only, though applied to many thousands in England, Scotland and Ireland. It does not contain the least particle of Mercury, for the Affidavit, but may be applied with the greatest safety on the most delicate Lady during her pregnancy; or the tenderest Infant. The Proprietor is so certain of its infallibility, that he engages to return the money to any person on whom it does not perform a cure in four hours.
FOR Nervous Disorders, Female Complaints, Gout in the Stomach, Miasmatic, Seminal Weakness, Loss of Appetite, Brain Disorders, Boward Weakness, Indigestion, Obsolete Gouts, Juvenile Indications, and Premature Old Age, and every other symptom of extreme debility, which are the consequences of a diluted life—Excess of Pleasure or Grief—Heat or Change of Climate—Immoderate Use of Tea, Spirituous Liquor, or any Intemperance—Bad Hygiene in Diets, &c. incident to Young Girls and Women at a certain period of life. The Cordial Restorative Balm
Is recommended as a Medicine of specific and unparelleled virtues for the immediate relief and speedy and permanent cure of the above disorders, having flood a list of many successful cures, during which period many thousands of both sexes have been restored from the brink of the grave. This Balm is particularly adapted to weak Female Constitution, as well as to phlegmatic habits in general; it acts powerfully as a nerve, not only to the weak stomach, but to the whole nervous system; corrects a vitiated appetite and digestion in the first passages, and aids wonderfully in recovering the tone of the primary and genital organs. Hence its efficacy in the most obstinate terminal gouts in men, &c. correcting weak nerves in women; and hence it will contribute more safely, surely and honourably to wards conjugal happiness, than any of those irritating, diabolical compositions which are so unfortunately administered to the unwary. It is earnestly recommended to those ladies, who from repeated and difficult labours, are afflicted with weariness and infirmities, in which cases it is highly useful, strengthening at the same time the stomach, the back, the weakened organs, and the whole constitution.
Those, who in advanced life, feel the consequences of youthful excess, or unfortunate youth, who have brought on themselves a numerous train of evils, will by the use of this, find themselves restored to health and strength, and all the melancholy symptoms removed, which are the general effects of such causes.
For whether the system has received a shock, and is debilitated from imprudences or inattention in the earliest part of life, or is sinking under the advance of years, a few doses of this Medicine will afford immediate assistance of returning health and strength, by giving tone to the muscular system, and organs of digestion, and by reanimating the whole constitution.
To the young it will afford lasting health, strength and spirits, in place of lassitude and debility; and to the aged and infirm, it will surely bring great relief and comfort, by gently and safely invigorating the system; it will not give mortality; but if it be in the power of Medicine to gild the autumn of declining years and calmly and serenely prolong the edge of life beyond its narrow span, this Restorative is capable of effecting that grand desideratum.
Constitutions relaxed, weak or decayed in men or women, are under the immediate influence of this Restorative. Old coughs, soon relieved, and speedily cured. Poverty of blood and emaciated
the cellular fluid become rich and organic, and the limbs be covered with flesh, firm and healthy. It will no doubt be acceptable to the reader, to see accounts of some of the remarkable cures and cures which have been performed by this truly invaluable medicine, in disorders for which it was invented; he has therefore selected a few of such cases as have come within his own immediate knowledge, which are published and may be had (gratis) at any of the places where the Medicine is sold.
FOR THE CURE OF FITS. THE PATENT ANTISPASMODIC ELIXIR. Convulsions, Epileptic, Falling Fits, Respiration, or Are Effectually Cured by this Eminent Medicine. Its virtues are absolutely Specific and Unparelleled. It has failed in no instance within the knowledge of the proprietor (when taken agreeable to the directions, and perseverance) the most dreadful Fits ever known. One case of Cure is subjoined out of a considerable number, as proof of its efficacy attested before the Lord Mayor of London.
AFFIDAVIT. "I, James Pocock, of No 40 North Street, in the Parish of St. Luke's, Middlesex, do hereby certify, that I was grievously afflicted with Fits for upwards of fourteen years, and that in its violent degree, as to require twelve men to hold me in them, to prevent me wasting myself to pieces. They would generally take me five, six, and often seven hours, in consequence of which my constitution became quite emaciated. I made applications to many eminent gentlemen of the faculty, who afforded me no relief whatever; till I applied to Dr. James Church, of the City Road, who prescribed his Antispasmodic Elixir for me, which I took, and which alone cured me of the most dreadful Fits, and restored me to perfect health. This opponent further maketh oath, and saith, that it is now two years since he was cured of his fits, and he has had no return of them whatever. JAMES POCOCK. Sworn before me at the Mansion House, this twenty-ninth day of August, 1796. WM. CURTIS, Mayor.
DR. CHURCH'S CELEBRATED VERMIFUGE LOZENGES For Destroying Worms in Children and Grown Persons. They are an excellent alternative, contain nothing but what is perfectly innocent; may be administered to children of all ages, and to grown persons with the greatest safety; are singularly efficacious for Gr. & Humours, Grapulous, Sore Heads, Billious Complaints, &c. and are excellent after the Small-Pox, Measles and Fevers; also as a Physic in the spring and fall of the year.—Price 50 cents each box. Prepared (only) and sold by the inventor and proprietor, Dr. James Church, at his Dispensary, New-York, and by the general Venders of his Medicines in the United States.
FOR ALL DISEASES OF THE EYES The Celebrated Eye-Salve, PREPARED BY DR. J. CHURCH. For several years universally acknowledged as a certain and infallible cure for Indurations, Duncals, Dryness, Bleedings, Richings, and Flims on the Eyes, proceeding from natural weakness, or from accidents, such as Bows, Dull, Lime, or any thing else being thrown into the Eyes. It is admirable in natural weakness of Sight, in Diffusion of Rheum, and for Aliments in the Eyes, after the Small-Pox, Measles, and Fevers; it is singularly efficacious in destroying all Watery and Gross Humours, and in strengthening the Sight. In short, there is no disease to which the Eye is subject, but this Salve is a Sovereign Remedy. Many hundreds have experienced its efficacy when in the greatest danger of losing their Sight. A considerable number of cases may be seen at the place of sale.
VOLATILE TINCTURE, FOR THE TOOTH ACHE, The most efficacious remedy ever discovered for that tormenting pain. It is an immediate and permanent relief in the most violent cases; contains nothing but what is perfectly innocent, and may with safety be applied to pregnant women or to children. Price 37 1/2 cents.
For the Nervous, Weak, Debilitated, Senile, and Consumptive, IS RECOMMENDED The celebrated Botanical Tea, INSTEAD OF FOREIGN TEA.
This Tea is universally approved of in preference to Foreign Tea, as the most pleasant, wholesome, enlivening, invigorating, and powerful restorative ever adopted, for persons of all ages, but particularly those of the above description; as it will infallibly strengthen, and eventually repair a bad constitution.
It is taken for breakfast instead of foreign tea, and as our first aliment in the morning is designed to recruit the waste of the body from the night's intolerable perspiration, it is well known, and an important fact which ought to be borne on the mind of every one, that foreign teas are inadequate to such purposes, as all will allow; it innerves and wears the substance of the solid—This infusion is professionally approved as a sanatory and nourishing diet, or as a morning and afternoon beverage.
FOR THE CURE OF CORNS. Infalible German Corn Plaister. This Plaister (the invention of a German Physician, who administered it in Germany with the greatest success) is infalible for the Cure of Corns: It will effectually eradicate them, Root and Branch, in a short time. Prepared and sold by Dr. Church, at his Dispensary, Washington-Street, New-York. Pimples, Blisters, Tanners, Ring-Worm, Freckles, Sun-Burns, Sningles and the Prickly-Heat, are effectually and speedily cured, by the application of
The above Medicines are prepared, only, by Dr. JAMES CHURCH, at his Dispensary, New-York; & sold by appointment, by SAMUEL PLEASANTS Jun. printer Richmond Virginia. June 2d, 1800.
Virginia: In the High Court of Chancery. Between Francis Lewis, administrator, &c. vs. William Lewis, Plaintiff. And Joseph Ricardo, Defendant. THE defendant not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country; on the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the Capitol in the said city. A Copy, Teste, Peter Tinsey, c. c.
FOR SALE, THE TRACT OF LAND, WHEREON I now live, containing 152 1/2 acres (by a former survey) lying on the north side of James river, within one and a half miles of Caeraville, on the main road leading to that respectable commercial town. The many advantages attendant on the situation of this place, as a stand for a Tavern, I can venture to say (from an experience of near thirty years) constitute it interior to none as a country stand in this state. The improvements as to buildings are in every respect well calculated for the purpose intended, there being commodious dwelling houses, with suitable rooms for the accommodation of travellers, convenient stables, and every necessary out building; an extensive apple orchard composed of the best of fruit—the plantation is in very good repair, and open ground sufficient to work four or five hands. These adjoining the above tract, about 87 acres more, which I am authorized to sell, and if suitable to a person disposed to purchase, both tracts will be sold together. There is on this land an apple orchard capable of producing from one thousand to fifteen hundred gallons of cyder; also an extensive peach orchard. About 50 acres of this land is cleared, which is in good order for cropping. The many local and public advantages attached to the above tracts, constitute them objects worth the attention of any person who wishes to engage in a public capacity. The terms may be known by applying to Ed: Dulton of Prince Edward, to Rev: Cunningham of Cartersville, John Gilham near the courthouse, or to JAMES GILHAM. Cumberland, July 16th, 1800.
Land for Sale. A valuable tract of LAND, CONTAINING eight hundred and forty two acres, lying in the county of Albemarle, on Scott's creek, within three miles of the town of Warren on James river, and within two miles of Scott's Ferry on said river. There is on this land a large convenient dwelling house, with the necessary out houses, tobacco houses, &c. An excellent mill lot, a sufficiency of cleared land to work eight or ten hands to advantage, a large proportion of meadow land on the creek, and a quantity of prime tobacco land to cut. The plantation is in good repair for farming, and the soil generally well adapted to the culture of corn, wheat and tobacco. It is presumed that any person inclined to purchase will view the premises, and that a further description is unnecessary. The land will be shown and the terms made known, on application to the subscribers living near the premises. John Lewis. Owen Lewis, sen. May 19th, 1800.
At a Court of Quarter Sessions held for Richmond county, the 5th day of May, 1800. Chas. Edmonds, Jun. Compt. AGENTS John Hough, George Bailey, Richard L. Keenan, and Ezekiel Levy, vs. THE defendants, Hough and Bailey, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the said action of the court that they are not inhabitants of this state; On the motion of the complainant, by his counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendants Hough and Bailey, do appear here on the first Monday in July next, and answer the bill of the complainant, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in "The Virginia Argus," printed in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of Court-house of this county; and that the defendants Richard L. Keenan and Ezekiel Levy, do remain in their hands all sum and sums of money due and owing by them and each of them, to the said Hough and Bailey or either of them, until the further order of this court. Copy, Teste, (S) B. MCARTY C. R. C.
WANTS EMPLOYMENT, A Young Man, Acquainted in this and the neighbouring counties, who can give security if required—he would undertake to collect debts, settle accounts, or perform any riding business. Any gentleman will be waited on, on the shortest notice, by applying to the printer hereof. Richmond, July 24th, 1800.
Run away FROM the subscriber, in Powhatan county, two Negro Men, named SIMON and GARY. Simon went off the 25th of March last, 25 years old, five feet seven or eight inches high, and of a yellowish complexion. Gary, the property of Miriam Pleasants, went off the 7th of April—he is 33 years old, yellow complexion, rather round shouldered; his hair thin upon the top of his head, and about the height of the former. It is probable they are in the neighbourhood of Caer or Pocahontas, and will endeavour to pass as a part of the negroes that obtained their freedom under the will of J. H. Pleasants, deceased, at Henrico.—I will give FORTY DOLLARS reward to any person that will deliver them to me, or secure them so any jail to that I get them again. JOHN HUNNICOTT. May 24th, 1800.
As I intend to leave this State some time next Fall, I NOW OFFER THE VALUABLE FARM WINDSOR, FOR SALE; LYING on James River, about four miles from Richmond, containing 300 acres; it is well timbered with pine, oak, and hickory, about 200 acres of it is fine meadow land, as much any in the state, capable of producing upwards of 100 ton of hay annually for market, exclusive of a great sufficiency to support a large stock; about 30 acres is now in fine timber. On this Farm is a good TWO STORY DWELLING HOUSE, with five rooms and a commodious passage, 40 by 12; Kitchen, smoke-house and other houses necessary for a family. There is also on it, a very fine barn 40 feet square the lower story underneath, with none upwards of 10 feet high, which will contain upwards of 30 head of cattle, with great convenience; near this barn is a framed house 44 feet square, with two sheds; there are three valuable apple orchards, a peach orchard, with a variety of other fruits equal to any in America.—The above Farm may be sold in the whole or divided in two or four acres each.—One third of the purchase money will be required down, the other two thirds, the purchaser then have three years credit, on paying interest of 5 per cent.—A person who will purchase without viewing the premises, I have not been particular in my description, as this valuable farm admits of; and if it is not sold before the 1st Sept. next at private sale, it will be sold off in town lots, to suit the purchasers, to as each lot to have a sufficient quantity of timber to support it. On the farm, will be sold to the highest bidder, or in the above farm, THIRTY TWO prime slave children of both sexes, and children, at the hook, of horses, cattle, sheep, with the crops of corn, wheat, oats, hay, a variety of household furniture, and a cowcane almost new. The above articles to be sold for cash only. Those who have claims against me, are desired to bring them in; and all those who are indebted to me, to make payment, and shall put every account, bond, &c. in an attorney's hand if not paid. Daniel L. Hylton. June 29, 1800.
Just Published, And for sale at this Printing-Office, and at the Office of the Examiner, Vindication OF THE General Ticket Law, PASSED BY THE Legislature of Virginia, ON THE 18th day of January, 1800. Originally published under the signature of "FRANKLIN." By the author of HOATEASIS, on the liberty of the press.
Land for Sale. Four hundred Acres, LYING on both sides the fourth fork of Sandy river, in Pittsylvania county, adjoining Morison's settlement; about 25 miles above Harrison's (formerly Buck's) Ferry, on Staunton river; 50 miles from Lynchburg, and 25 miles from Danville on Dan river. The soils considerably equal if not superior to any survey of equal quantity of acres within an hundred miles of the place. It has been surveyed upwards of 43 years, being the third survey made in that part of the country. It abounds with excellent timber, and yields good water, and an excellent summer range for cattle, &c. There is about 5000 tobacco hills fresh cleared, and houses sufficient therefor. Any person inclined to purchase, may know the terms (which shall be reasonable) and view the land by applying to the subscriber in Halifax county. An undoubted title will be made thereto, and possession given at any time, so as not to injure the finishing the crop now on the premises. JAMES MCRAE, July 12, 1800.
FOR SALE, At Gloucester court-house, on Saturday, the 23d day of August next, for ready money, between thirty and forty LIKELY VIRGINIA BORN SLAVE, Belonging to the estate of col. Warner Lewis, is deceased, to satisfy sundry demands against the said estate, by The Executors. July 7th, 1800.
Virginia: In the High Court of Chancery. May the 17th, 1800. Between John and Dugald Ferguson, Plaintiffs And Archibald McCausland, Defendant. THE defendant not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country; on the motion of the plaintiffs by their counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiffs, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the Capitol in the said city. A Copy, Teste, Peter Tinsey, c. c.
FOR SALE, The Plantation and Tavern, AT present occupied by the A subscriber, on the main road leading from Richmond to Lynchburg,—distant 45 miles from Richmond.—Terms may be known by applying to MOSES TREADWAY. Powhatan, July 28, 1800.
Taken up by John T. Austin, in Cumberland county, near Turkey-cock branch, a pale red COW, marked with a crop and slit in the right ear, and a swallow fork and underkeel in the left. Appraised to fifteen dollars. John Holman. April 12, 1800.
Just Published, A BRIEF DISSERTATION ON THE VENEREAL DISEASE, Seminal Weaknesses, Glets, &c. &c. INCLUDING The History, Cure & Prevention OF THOSE DISEASES, By an approved method. By which persons of both sexes may cure themselves with ease, certainty, safety and secrecy, at an easy expense. BY JAMES CHURCH, M.D. Formerly Pupil to Dr. Denison, London Hospital. The knowledge of the disease is half its cure. SWIFT.
A few copies of the above DISSERTATION for sale at this office. For Sale at this Printing Office, A NEW AND MUCH IMPROVED (AMERICAN) EDITION OF FENNING'S Universal Spelling Book
BAIL BONDS May be had at S. Pleasants' Printing-Office.