Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1808-04-19 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[XVTH YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No 1451.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum—Paid in Advance.]
TUESDAY, APRIL 19, 1808.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
Richmond Price Current.
(CORRECTED WEEKLY.)
  Tobacco, $ 3 50 CASH   WHEAT, new, 1 0 66 do.   FLOUR, superfine, new, 4 do.   FLOUR, fine, 3 50 do.   CORN, 2 do.   Hemp, clean, (per ton) 150 00 do.   Iron, 120 00 do.   Bacon, 10 do.   Whiskey, 37 do. 
By Authority.
AN ACT,
Making appropriations for the support of the navy of the United States, during the year one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That for defraying the expenses of the navy of the United States, during the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, the following sums be, and the same hereby are, respectively appropriated; that is to say:
For the pay and subsistence of the officers, and the pay of the seamen, three hundred and sixty eight thousand and forty eight dollars:
For provisions, one hundred and sixty two thousand seven hundred and sixty five dollars and ten cents:
For medicines, instruments, and hospital stores, five thousand dollars:
For repairs of vessels, one hundred and ninety five thousand dollars:
For freight, store rent, commissions to agents, and other contingent expenses, seventy five thousand dollars:
For pay and subsistence of the marine corps, including provisions for those on shore, and forage for the staff, one hundred and sixty thousand, one hundred and thirty one dollars and ninety cents:
For clothing for the same, twenty nine thousand, nine hundred and thirty three dollars and eighty cents:
For military stores for the same, nine thousand, six hundred and fifty four dollars:
For medicine, medical services, hospital stores, and all other expenses on account of the sick belonging to the marine corps, two thousand dollars:
For quarter masters' and barrack masters' stores, officers' travelling expenses, armourers' and carpenters' bills, fuel, premiums for enlisting, musical instruments, bounty to music, and other contingent expenses, fourteen thousand, and fifty five dollars:
For the expense of navy-yards comprising docks and other improvements, pay of superintendents, store keepers, clerks and laborers, sixty thousand dollars:
For ordnance, fifty thousand dollars:
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the several sums herein specifically appropriated, shall be paid out of any monies in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
GEO: CLINTON,
Vice-President of the United States, and
President of the Senate.
February 10, 1808.
APPROVED,
TH: JEFFERSON.
AN ACT,
To revive and continue certain causes and proceedings in the district court of the district of Columbia.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That all causes, suits, actions, writs, process, and proceedings, which were pending in the district court of the district of Columbia, at the time appointed by law for holding a session thereof, on the first Tuesday of October last past, or which were returnable to the session of the said court which ought to have been held on the first Tuesday of April next, in the same manner and condition, and the same further proceedings may be had therein, as if a session of the said court had been, on the said first Tuesday of October, held according to law, and as if a regular continuance of all the said causes, suits, actions, writs, process, and proceedings had been duly entered upon the records of the said court.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
GEO: CLINTON,
Vice President of the United States, and
President of the Senate.
February 10, 1808.
APPROVED,
TH: JEFFERSON.
AN ACT,
To erect a light-house on Point Judith, in the state of Rhode-Island.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury shall be, and he hereby is authorised and required, to cause a good and sufficient light-house to be erected on Point Judith, in the state of Rhode-Island, and to appoint the keeper of the said light-house, under the direction of the President of the United States, and otherwise to provide for such light-house at the expense of the United States: Provided, That sufficient land for accommodation of such light-house, can be obtained at a reasonable price, and the legislature of Rhode-Island shall cede the jurisdiction over the same to the United States. And a
sum not exceeding five thousand dollars is hereby appropriated for the purpose of defraying the expense of erecting the said light-house; to be paid out of any monies in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury, to cause the said light-house to be so constructed, that the light, on being discovered, may with certainty be distinguished from that of other light-houses, heretofore erected in its neighborhood.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
GEO: CLINTON,
Vice-President of the United States and
President of the Senate.
February 10, 1808.
APPROVED,
TH: JEFFERSON.
AN ACT,
Making appropriations for carrying into effect certain Indian treaties.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That for the purpose of carrying into effect a treaty between the United States and the Choctaw nation of Indians, concluded at Poosuktanuk, in the Choctaw country, on the sixteenth day of November, one thousand eight hundred and five, the following sums be, and the same hereby are appropriated, in conformity with the stipulations contained in the said treaty, that is to say:
To the said Choctaw nation fifty thousand five hundred dollars, and the further annual sum of three thousand dollars:
To each of the three great medial Mingoes, Pukshunubbee, Mingo Hoomastubbee and Pooshamatubba, five hundred dollars, and a further annual sum of one hundred and fifty dollars to each of the said Mingoes during his continuance in office.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That for the purpose of carrying into effect a treaty between the United States and the Ottoway, Chippeway, Wyandotte and Pottawatomie nations of Indians, concluded at Detroit on the seventeenth day of November, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seven, the following sums be, and the same hereby are appropriated, in conformity with the stipulations contained in the said treaty, that is to say:
Ten thousand dollars to be paid to the said nations in the following proportions:
To the Ottoway nation, three thousand three hundred, thirty-three dollars thirty-three cents, and four mills:
To the Chippeway nation three thousand three hundred, thirty-three dollars thirty-three cents and four mills:
To the Wyandotte nation one thousand six hundred and sixty-six dollars, sixty-six cents and six mills.
To the Pottawatomie nation one thousand six hundred and sixty-six dollars, sixty-six cents and six mills: and the further annual sum of two thousand four hundred dollars, to be paid to the said nations in the following proportions:
To the Ottoways eight hundred dollars:
To the Chippeways eight hundred dollars:
To the Wyandottes four hundred dollars:
and to such of the Pottawatomies as now reside on the river Huron of Lake Erie, the river Raisin, and in the vicinity of the said rivers, four hundred dollars.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the several sums appropriated by this act, shall be paid out of any monies in the treasury not otherwise appropriated.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
GEO: CLINTON,
Vice-President of the United States, and
President of the Senate.
February 10, 1808.
APPROVED,
TH: JEFFERSON.
AN ACT,
Extending the right of suffrage in the Indiana Territory.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That every free white male person in the Indiana Territory, above the age of twenty one years, having been a citizen of the United States, and resident in the said territory, one year next preceding an election of representatives, and who has a legal or equitable title to a tract of land of the quantity of fifty acres, or who may become the purchaser, from the United States, of a tract of land of the quantity of fifty acres, or who holds his own right a town lot of the value of one hundred dollars, shall be entitled to vote for representatives to the general assembly of the said territory.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
GEO: CLINTON,
Vice-President of the United States, and
President of the Senate.
February 26, 1808.
APPROVED,
TH: JEFFERSON.
MEMOIRS
OF
WILLIAM SAMPSON,
Including particulars of his adventures in various parts of Europe; his confinement in the dungeon of the Inquisition in Lisbon, &c. &c.
SEVERAL ORIGINAL LETTERS.
Being his correspondence with the ministers of state in Great Britain and Portugal.
A short sketch of the HISTORY OF IRELAND, Particularly as it respects the spirit of British Domination in that country; and a few observations on the state of manners, &c in America.
April 5.
Letter from Mr. Madison to Mr. Monroe
Continued.
This extension of the British law to four leagues from the shore is inferred from an act of Parliament passed in the year 1736, (9 G. 2 C. 35) the terms of which comprehend all vessels, foreign as well as British. It is possible, however, that the former are constructively excepted. Should your inquiries ascertain this to be the case, you will find yourself on better ground than the concession here made.
With respect to the compliment paid to the British flag, it is also possible that more is here conceded than you may find to be necessary. After the peace of 1783, his compliment was peremptorily withheld by France, in spite of the remonstrances of G. Britain; and it remains for your inquiry, whether it did not continue to be refused, notwithstanding the failure at Amiens to obtain from G. Britain a formal renunciation of the claim.
From every view of the subject it is reasonable to expect, that the exception of the narrow seas, from the stipulation against impressments, will not be inflexibly maintained. Should it be so, your negotiation will be at an end. The truth is, that so great a proportion of our trade direct and circuitous passes through those channels, and such is its peculiar exposure in them to the wrong practiced, that with such an exception, any remedy would be very partial. And we can never consent to purchase a general evil, and by subjecting ourselves to our own reproaches, as well as to those of other nations.
3d. It appears as well by a letter from Mr. Thornton, in answer to one from me, of both which copies are inclosed, as from conversations with Mr. Merry, that the facility which would be given, particularly in the British channel, by the immunity claimed for American vessels, to the escape of traitors, and the desertion of others whose services in time of war may be particularly important to an enemy, forms one of the pleas for the British practice of examining American crews, and will be one of the objections to a formal relinquishment of it.
This plea, like all others, admits a solid and satisfactory reply. In the first place, if it could prevail at all against the neutral claim, it would authorize the seizure of the persons described only, and in vessels bound to a hostile country only; whereas the practice of impressing is applied to persons of any description, and to vessels whithersoever bound, even to Great Britain herself. In the next place, it is not only a preference of a smaller object on one side to a greater object on the other; but a sacrifice of a right on one side, to expediency on the other side.
Considering, nevertheless, the possible adherence of the British government to this last objection, and the extreme importance to our sea-faring citizens and commerce, of a stipulation suppressing a practice flagrant in its nature, and still more so in the abuses inseparable from it, you are left at liberty to concur, if necessary, in the modification as it stands in the second column. You will observe that this guards, in all cases, the crews of our vessels from being meddled with; and in referring for an exception to the immunity on board our vessels to the law of nations, yields no principle maintained by the U. States; inasmuch as the reference will be satisfied by the acknowledged exception of enemies in military service.
Should persons therefore, other than such, be taken under pretext of the law of nations, the U. S. will be free to contest the proceeding, and there is the less difficulty in leaving the stipulation on this footing, as the case may never happen, and will be pretty sure to happen but rarely. You will observe also, that in the passage from one port to another of the respective countries, the vessels of the neutral parties are to protect all persons without exception. Independently of the general principle asserted by the U. S. this respect is due to the peculiar character of the coasting trade, and the utter improbability that it will at any time be a vehicle to persons of any obnoxious description.
On Article II. The reasonableness of this article is manifested. Citizens or subjects of one country residing in another, though bound by their temporary allegiance to many common duties, can never be rightfully forced into military service, particularly external service, nor be restrained from leaving their residence when they please. The law of nations protects them against both, and the violation of this law by the avowed impressment of American citizens residing in Great Britain, may be pressed with the greater force on the British government, as it is in direct inconsistency with her impressment of her own subjects bound by much stronger ties to the U. S. as above explained, as well as with the spirit of her commercial laws and policy, by which foreigners are invited to a residence. The liberation of the persons comprehended by this article, therefore, cannot be justly or honorably refused, and the provision for their recompence and their return home, is equally due to the service rendered by, and the wrong done to them.
On Article III. This regulation is conformable to the law of nations, and to the tenor of all treaties which define the belligerent claim of visiting and searching neutral vessels. No treaty can be cited in which the practice of compelling the neutral vessel to send its boat, its officers, its people or its papers, to the belligerent vessel, is authorised. British treaties, as well as those to which she is not a party, in every instance where a regulation of the claim is under-
ken, coincide with the article here proposed. The article is in fact almost a transcript of the article of the treaty of 1786 between Great Britain and France.
The regulation is found in the best reasons. 1st. It is sufficient for the neutral that he acquiesces in the interruption of his voyage, and the trouble of the examination, imposed by the belligerent commander. To require a positive and active co-operation on his part in behalf of the latter, is more than can be justified on any principle. 2d. The belligerent party can always send more conveniently to the neutral vessel, than this can send to the belligerent vessel, having neither such fit boats for the purpose, especially in a rough sea, nor being so abundantly manned. 3d. This last consideration is enforced by the numerous and cruel abuses committed in the practice of requiring the neutral vessel to send to the belligerent. As an example you will find in the documents now transmitted, a case where neither the smallness and leakiness of the boat, nor the boisterous state of the weather, nor the pathetic remonstrances of the neutral commander, had any effect on the imperious injunctions of the belligerent, and where the task was performed at the manifest peril of the boat, the papers, and the lives of the people. The limitation of the number to be sent on board the neutral vessel is a reasonable and usual precaution against the danger of insults and pillage.
On Article IV. This enumeration of contraband articles is copied from the treaty of 1781 between Great Britain and Russia. It is sufficiently limited, and that treaty is an authority more likely than any other to be respected by the British government. The sequel of the article, which protects the productions of a hostile colony converted into neutral property, is taken from the same model, with the addition of the terms "in any case or on any pretext." This addition is meant to embrace more explicitly, our right to trade freely with the colonies at war with Great Britain, and between them and all parts of the world in colonial productions, being at the time not enemies, but neutral property; a trade equally legitimate in itself with that between neutral countries directly, and in their respective vessels and such colonies, which their requisitions do not contest.
In support of this right, in opposition to the British doctrine, that a trade not allowed by a nation in time of peace, cannot be opened to neutrals in time of war, it may be urged, that all nations are in the practice of varying more or less in time of war their commercial laws, from the state of these laws in time of peace; a practice agreeable to reason as well as favorable to neutral nations; that the change may be incident to a state of war, but on such as are known to have the same effect in time of peace; that Great Britain herself is in the regular practice of changing her navigation and commercial laws, in times of war, particularly in relation to a neutral intercourse with her colonies; that at this time she admits a trade between neutral countries and the colonies of her enemies, when carried on directly between them, or between the former and herself, interrupting only a direct trade between such colonies and their parent state, and between them and countries in Europe, other than those to which the neutral trade may respectively belong; that as she does not contest the right of neutrals to trade with hostile colonies, within these limitations, the trade can be, and actually is carried on directly between such colonies and all countries, even those to which the colonies belong; and, consequently, that the effect of her doctrine and her practice, is not to deprive her enemy of their colonial trade, but merely to lessen the value of it in proportion to the charges incident to the circuitous course into which it is forced, an advantage to her which if just in itself, would not be sufficient to balance the impolitic vexations accruing to neutral and friendly nations.
These views of the subject have entered into my conversations with Mr. Merry. He expresses, notwithstanding, a belief that G. Britain will turn an unfavorable ear to any proposition calculated to give her enemies the resources of their colonial trade, beyond the degree in which her present regulations permit. This is doubtless to be apprehended, but considering the proposition as an article which may find a balance in the general bargain, it may not be inadmissible; or if inadmissible in the extent proposed, a middle ground may perhaps be accepted. The colonial trade in question consists of four branches; first, between the colonies and Great Britain herself; secondly, between the colonies and the neutral countries carrying on the trade; thirdly, between the colonies and neutral countries not themselves carrying on the trade; fourthly, between the colonies and the countries to which they belong, or which are parties to the war with G. Britain.
The first and second branches are those with which her own regulations accord. The last is that to which her aversion will of course be the strongest. Should this aversion be unconquerable, let it be tried then, and then only, whether on our yielding, or rather omitting that point, she will not yield to us in return, the direct trade between hostile colonies and neutral countries generally. You will be careful, however, so to modify the compromise, as will mark as little as may be, a positive relinquishment of the direct trade between the belligerent nations and their colonies.
Should such a compromise be altogether rejected, you will limit the article to the simple enumeration of contraband, it being desirable that without a very valuable consideration, no precedent should be given by
the U. S. of a stipulated acknowledgment that free ships do not make free goods. And you will omit the article altogether, if a proper list of contraband cannot be agreed on, particularly one that excludes money, provisions and naval stores.
On Article V. This article taken from the convention of 1800, between the U. S. and France, is conformable to the general practice of the prize courts in the latter, and is the more worthy of adoption everywhere, as it would contribute so much to the consistency and stability of the rules of admiralty proceedings. Without a single objection justly lying against it, it will have the important advantages of being a check on the inferior tribunals, of enabling the superior tribunal where a faulty reason appears on the face of the sentence, to correct the wrong without delay or expense, and of being a check moreover on the decision of the superior tribunal itself. As prize causes also are tried by courts not of a third party, but of one of the parties interested, it is but reasonable that the ground should be known to the other on which judgment has passed against its citizens or subjects, in order, if deemed proper, that negotiation may be employed for redressing past or guarding against future injustice.
On Article VI. The fictitious blockades proclaimed by Great Britain, and made the pretext for violating the commerce of neutral nations, has been one of the greatest abuses ever committed on the high seas. During the late war they were carried to an extravagance which would have been ridiculous, if in their effects they had not inflicted such serious and extensive injuries on neutral nations. Ports were proclaimed in a state of blockade, previous to the arrival of any force at them, were considered, in that state without regard to intermissions in the presence of the blocking force, and the proclamations left in operation after its final departure, the British cruisers during the whole time seizing every vessel bound to such ports, at whatever distance from them, and the British prize courts pronouncing condemnations whenever a knowledge of the proclamation at the time of sailing could be presumed, although it might afterwards be known that no real blockade existed. The whole scene was a perfect mockery, in which fact was sacrificed to form, and right to power and plunder. The United States were among the greatest sufferers; and would have been still more so, if redress for some of the spoliations proceeding from this source, had not fallen within the provisions of an article in the treaty of 1794.
From the effect of this and other arbitrary practices of Great Britain, on the temper and policy of neutral nations towards her; from the spirit of her treaty made near the close of the late war with Russia, from the general disposition manifested at the beginning of the present towards the United States, and the comparative moderation observed in Europe with respect to blockades; (if indeed the two cases of the Weser and Elbe are not to be excepted) it was hoped that the mockeries and mischiefs practised under the name of blockades would no where be repeated. It is found, however, that the West Indies are again the theatre of them. The three entire and extensive islands of Martinique, Guadeloupe and St. Domingo have been published as in a state of blockade, although the whole naval force applied to the purpose is inconsiderable; although it appears that a part of this inconsiderable force is occasionally sent at the distance of many leagues at sea; although it does not appear that more than one or two ports at most have at any time been actually blocked; and although complaints are heard, that the British ships of war do not protect their own trade, against the numerous cruisers from the islands under this pretended blockade.
Inclosed herewith are three letters on this subject; two from me, the first to Mr. Thornton, the second to Mr. Merry, and the third from Mr. Merry to me. You will observe that he does not pretend to justify the measures pursued in the West Indies; but on the contrary wishes them to be regarded as proceeding from an officer who does not pursue the intentions of his government. Still such measures prove that no general regulations or orders have been yet issued by that government against the evil, as might reasonably have been expected, and that a stipulated security against it is an object as important as it is just.
In the two letters to Mr. Thornton and Mr. Merry, the ground is marked out on which you will be able to combat the false blockades, and to maintain the definition of a real one, contained in the proposed article which is a literal copy from the 4th article of the Russian treaty above cited. In addition to these letters, you will find inclosed a letter of the
to Mr. Pinckney, in which some views are taken of the subject, which may also be of use in your discussions with the British government.
On article VII. This article in due, if not to all neutrals, at least to the United States, who are distinguished by the distance of their situation. Decisions of the British court of admiralty, have so far respected this peculiarity as to admit a want of information as a plea for giving to a blocked port, where such a plea would be refused to less remote countries. But more than this may fairly be claimed. A vessel, knowing that a particular blockade existed two months before, may well conjecture that before her arrival at the port, which will require two months more, the blockade will have ceased; and may accordingly clear and steer for such a port with an

Honest intention, in case of finding on her approach, the fact otherwise, not to attempt an unlawful entrance. To condemn vessels under such circumstances would be manifestly unjust; and to restrain them from a distant voyage to a port once in a state of blockade, until information of a change shall have travelled a like distance, must produce a delay and uncertainty little short of an absolute prohibition of the commerce. To require them even to go out of their course, to seek at other ports, information on the subject, would be an unreasonable imposition. The British government can have little objection to this article, after defining blockades as is agreed with Russia, and as is here proposed; since our distance is of itself a security against any concerted with the blockaded, for surreptitious entries, which might be attempted by nearer adventurers; and since in the case of blockades by a force actually present, a preliminary notice may be required without impairing their efficacy, as might be the case with blockades, such as the preceding article guards against.
The only difference between the articles as standing in the different columns, consists in the preamble to that which is to be admitted, if the proposition of the other should not succeed. The article is preferable without the recital of any reason particular to the United States, because as a naked stipulation, it strengthens instead of weakening a general principle friendly to neutral and pacific nations.
On article VIII, IX and X. These are articles which are known to have been long wished and contemplated on the part of Great Britain and together with the justice, and in many views the expediency to Great Britain herself of the articles desired on our part, may induce her to accede to the whole. The articles desired on our part, may induce her to accede to the whole. The articles are in substance the same with a project offered to the American administration in the year 1800, by Mr. Liston, who appears to have borrowed it from corresponding stipulations in the convention between the United States and France in the year 1795.
The project was at that time dropped, owing perhaps in part to the change in the head of the department of state, between whom and Mr. Liston it had been discussed, and principally, to the difficulty of combining with it, proper stipulations against British impressions on the high seas. Without such an equivalent, the project had little to recommend it to the United States. Considered by itself, it was too les admissibile, as one of its articles, under some security of expression, was thought to favor the British pretension to impress British seamen from American vessels on the high seas.
A copy of this document is inclosed, as it may be not without use, in showing the ideas of the British government at that time, so far at least as its minister here was an organ of them.
The terms in which these articles are to be proposed, differ but slightly from those in which they may be admitted. In the former, the delivery of deserters is confined to soldiers and seamen, without requiring a delivery of officers, whose desertion will not be from the service of their country, but on account of offences for which it might sometimes be more agreeable to the United States to be unbound to give them up for trial and punishment. At the same time this consideration ought not to be a bar to an arrangement, which in its general character, will be so important to the interests of the United States.
On article XI. This is a stipulation which is not to be yielded but in the event of its being made an indispensable condition. It cannot be essential for the object of it, whilst the British government is left free to take the precautions allowable within its own jurisdiction for preventing the clandestine departure of its seamen or its soldiers in neutral vessels. And it is very ineligible to the U. States, inasmuch as it will be difficult to enforce the prohibition, whether we regard the embarkation of such persons in British ports, or their landing on the American shores; and inasmuch as the inefficacy of regulations for such purposes, though made with due sincerity and care, may become a source of secret jealousy and dissatisfaction, if not of controversy and reproach.
The article is copied from that in the arrangement (of which you have a copy) discussed and brought near to a conclusion between Mr. King and the British ministry, and you are authorised to accede to it, on the supposition that it may again be insisted on. It is to be recollected however, that the article was then understood to be the only price given for relinquishing the impression of American seamen. The other offer now substituted will justify you in pressing the omission of the original one.
On article XII. The law of nations does not exact of neutral powers the prohibition specified in this article. On the other hand, it does not restrain them from prohibiting a trade which appears on the face of the official papers proceeding from the custom house to be intended to violate the law of nations, and from which legitimate considerations of prudence may also dissuade a government. All that can be reasonably expected by belligerent from neutral powers, is that their regulations on this subject be impartial, and that their stipulations relative to it, when made in time of war at least, should not preclude an impartiality.
It is not certain what degree of value Great Britain may put on this article, connected as it essentially is, with the article which limits the list of contraband. It will at least mitigate her objection to such a limitation. With the range given to contraband by her construction of the law of nations, even as acquiesced in by the U. States, a stipulation of this sort would be utterly inadmissible.
The last article, in making this the place for exchanging the ratifications, consults expedition in putting the treaty into operation, since the British ratification can be forwarded at the same time, with the instrument itself. And it is otherwise reasonable, that as the negotiation and formation of the treaty will have taken place at the seat of the British government, the concluding formality should be at that of the government of the United States.
In addition to these articles which, with the observations thereon, I am charged by the President to communicate to you as his instructions, he leaves you at liberty to insert any others which may do more than place British armed vessels, with their prizes, on an equality within our ports and jurisdiction with those of France. This would only stipulate what would probably be done by gratuitous regulations here, and as it would no doubt be acceptable to Great Britain, it may not only aid in reconciling her to the principal objects desired by the United States, but may induce her to concur in the further insertion of articles, corresponding with those in the convention of 1800 with France, which regulate more precisely and more effectually, the treatment of vessels of the neutral party on the high seas.
The occasion will be proper also, for calling the attention of the British government to the reasonableness of permitting American consuls to reside in every part of her dominions, where, and so long as she permits our citizens to trade. It is not denied that she has a natural right to refuse such a residence, and that she is free by her treaty with us, to refuse it in other than her European dominions. But the exception authorised with respect to the residence of consuls elsewhere, having reference to the refusal of our trade elsewhere, the refusal of the one ought manifestly to cease with the refusal of the other. When our vessels and citizens are allowed to trade to ports in the West-Indies, there is the same reason for a temporary admission of consuls to take care of it, as there is for their admission in ports where the trade is permanently allowed. There is the juster expectation of your success on this point, as some official patronage is due to the rights of our citizens in the prize courts established in the West-India islands. Should the British government be unwilling to enter into a stipulated provision, you may, perhaps, obtain an order to the governors for the purpose. Or if consuls be objected to altogether, it is desirable that agents may be admitted, if no where else, at least in the islands where the vice-admiralty courts are established.
It has been intimated that the articles as standing in the different columns, are to be considered, the one as the offer to be made, the other as the ultimatum to be required. This is however, not to be taken too strictly; it being impossible to foresee the turns and the combinations which may present themselves in the course of the negotiation. The essential objects for the United States are the suppression of impressions, and the definitions of blockades. Next to these in importance, are the reduction of the list of contraband, and the enlargement of our neutral trade with hostile colonies. Whilst you keep in view therefore, those objects, the two last as highly important, and the two first as absolutely indispensable, your discretion, in which the President places great confidence, must guide you in all that relates to the inferior ones.
With sentiments of great respect & esteem, I remain, sir, your most obedt. servt. (Signed)
JAMES MADISON.
From Covin's Weekly Register.
Remarks on co. Monroe's treaty, concluded.
The preceding modes were followed by men of capital, proved very advantageous to navigation and commerce, and to both were attended with the most important consequences.
A third and a different method, associated intimately with commerce, embraced more particularly our navigation.
From the United States ships sailed in ballast, or with some few trifles to defray charges, and with provisions and stores on board sufficient for two years. Arrived in India, they were let to freight from one port to another, and in the course of the two years often gained as much by their labor as qualified them to buy an ample and valuable cargo. This it will be observed, was procured without capital; and with such cargo they returned to America.
Many cargo ships went to Bombay, sure of obtaining at that place a full and profitable freight of cotton for China; which, being added to half a capital taken in specie with them, or by bills drawn upon their owners from Canton, put it in their power to return home completely laden. The Bombay freights were immensely profitable; and the system was in no wise injurious to the British; for by that means they were furnished with ships and mariners on reasonable terms to carry for them. The trade was thus enlivened; and, indeed, without our aid it would stagnate for want of the necessary means of transportation. Their India possessions require a vast coasting trade, for which, without our assistance, they have neither country ships nor a sufficiency of men. They also derived a large profit from our industry in this particular, for the proceeds were invested in their sugar, pepper, and manufactures. When war prevails, it is well known that her enemy infests the coasting trade of the British dominions in the East, whilst American vessels are suffered freely to pass. This circumstance demonstrates that our agency must be highly to their interest, besides the introduction by us of those manufactures, purchased by the gains of our labor, into the countries and colonies of her enemies. That the interruption of English commerce in the Indian seas in time of war is not a chimerical notion, I need only appeal to the successful efforts of the French admiral Linois in that quarter, who, notwithstanding he afterwards imprudently threw himself and his wealth thus acquired into the way of his enemy, whereby he lost it, yet proved for several years a prodigious scourge to the trade of Great Britain in that part of the globe. Nor can it be necessary particularly to remind the reader with what extraordinary success, even with the prevailing maritime supremacy of the English, the enterprises of French privateers have been recently crowned, they having even scoured without impediment the bay of Bengal, and made prize of some of the finest and richest Indian vessels which the British possess.
The treaty made by Mr. Jay completely destroyed this valuable portion of our intercourse with India; and likewise cut off another very profitable branch of our commerce of our commerce in that part of the world. Vessels of the United States had found a most advantageous employment by supplying Manila for its own consumption, and the ships which annually sail thence to Peru, with India goods; and Batavia and the Isles of France and Bourbon with similar articles. Had not Jay's treaty interfered, this trade would have acquired a vast extent, and yielded to the Americans an immensity of profit.
In these facts we find abundant proof that it has not been so much to benefit herself as to curtail our foreign and flourishing trade that whenever Great Britain enters upon negotiation she ties up our hands with cords of restriction, even in cases where it would be to her own advantage to suffer them to remain at liberty. Before the war of 1793, between Great Britain and France, the former suffered us to enjoy in her East India dominions a free and unrestrained trade; but no sooner had that event taken place, than fearful of the enterprize of our merchants and the industry of our hardy mariners, she commenced a vexatious interruption of our commerce under the specious guise of annoying her enemy; but which was dictated in a spirit of hostility to neutrals, and to this country in particular, because we were the most formidable neutrals, and the most likely, in any event, to rival the extensive trade of the English. She harassed our navigation until she forced us into the treaty concluded at London by Mr. Jay; which, as I have shown, cut off in the Eastern world, the most profitable part of our commerce. Colonel Monroe was fully aware of the hostile spirit of the British commercial interests to granting any thing at all favorable to the prosperity of the United States; and seems in truth to have given way to it; fearful, perhaps, that if he did not secure something for us on the various points embraced by his mission, we should have lost the whole: But in this the American negotiator appears to have been divested of his usual sagacity; or in fact, as I have already hinted, was not sufficiently versed in our commercial pursuits to understand all the strong and weak points of the question, and that, too, was pretty much the case with John Jay. It would have been far better for the former and for the latter also, to have made no treaty, than by making one to have signed away rights which we had enjoyed, and which, in all probability, considering the benefit to themselves, the British would have permitted us to enjoy by courtesy without any formal written acknowledgment of a right of enjoyment existing in us.
During the operation of the provisions of Jay's treaty, and since likewise, ships of the United States have continued to go to Europe with cargoes, invested the proceeds thereof in dollars, with which they have proceeded to British India, bought cargoes, and in general returned directly home. They have never been interrupted in this trade; it has always been considered as conformable to the very letter of the treaty, which so much injured us in a most important particular by compelling all our ships which should load in the ports of British India to return direct to the United States.
Our ships often created funds by freight and by a trade with the native nations, or with the French, Dutch, and Spanish possessions beyond the Cape of Good Hope, which they laid out in the manufactures of the British settlements and returned home. It occurred every year that vessels which left the United States with specie on board, destined to Mocha, the Mauritius, and to Batavia, for coffee, were not able to procure cargoes there, and for a return cargo were compelled to proceed to Calcutta. Many ships go to the Mauritius and some to Batavia, with dry goods, (principally the manufactures of Great Britain) where they sell them, together with the residue of their cargoes, generally consisting of beef, pork, flour, and iron. Being unable to procure coffee there, they proceed, with the dollars obtained for their goods, to India for return cargoes.
Such intermediate methods of carrying on the India trade, have invariably been a great convenience and frequently profitable; and of no injury whatever to Great Britain, who by this means has been enabled to introduce her home manufactures into the colonies of her enemies, from whence she draws the specie, which is thus placed on the very spot where the British government most requires it. A new investment on the part of the Americans then takes place in the manufactures of British India; a circumstance which, not being calculated upon at the commencement of the voyage, creates a surplus beyond the quantity required for the markets of the United States; and by the want of the home demand we are compelled to find means of vent therefor, which can be done in no other way than by conveying it to countries to which British shipping cannot have access; that is, to the colonies of the enemies of Great Britain, from whom are drawn specie and various articles which assist us in paying for the vast quantity of those English home manufactures which we every year draw from Great Britain for our own use and for foreign commerce.
The third article of the new treaty completely deprives us of all the advantages that might be derived from this intermediate trade. We are compelled to go direct to India, and return direct to the U. States. We are permitted to turn neither one way nor the other. Deprived of the privileges of stopping in Europe to purchase dollars, and prevented from touching either at the Mauritius, at Batavia, or elsewhere, to obtain the means of buying a cargo in India, we are reduced to a direct line of operation which cramps the adventurous spirit of our citizens, curtails our trade at least one half, and compels us to pay out of our own pockets, with more limited means, a large balance to Great Britain which heretofore we had been enabled to discharge by making other nations tributary to our enterprising industry.
It is only in dollars that the India trade can be carried on. In what way are we to procure them? When war prevails between Great Britain and Spain, the latter is compelled to suffer us to resort to her colonial ports, to which, in addition to European goods, we carry our own beef, pork, fish, and flour; for which we get dollars.
But at a period when Spain is at peace, from what source are we to draw dollars? We shall not then be admitted into her colonies. We must resort to Amsterdam, London, Leghorn, or Lisbon, to obtain them: And can we afford the charges, that will accrue in consequence thereof, and carry on an advantageous trade: Dollars are freighted from Europe at one and an half per cent. The insurance amounts to two per cent. and the loss of interest is at least two per cent. more; which, altogether, would amount to a new charge upon the trade of five and an half per cent. To this we may add the very great uncertainty of the supply of silver arriving at the proper time for the India trade. Ships in that trade, ought always to depart from our ports between the first of February and the first of May. Under such circumstances, the U. States would be drained of specie. Every dollar in silver would be exported from the country, and a most deplorable inundation of paper currency would spread itself throughout the union, creating great dissatisfaction among the people, and tending essentially to lessen that confidence in the transactions of all classes of our own citizens, so indispensably necessary to a vigorous prosecution of internal trade and improvements.
The third article, in truth, trammels the traffic with such unprecedented difficulties, it is very questionable whether it would be thought worth the pursuit: and at any rate, if it were pursued under all the embarrassments thrown in its way, it would be with a languor before unknown to the American character. It may, indeed, be considered problematical, whether the goods might not be purchased cheaper at the India company's sales in London, than in the East Indies, loaded as the trade is under the 3d article of Monroe's treaty, with such new charges and difficulties, which appear to surround and hem it in on every side.
The East India article in Jay's treaty has ever been considered by intelligent men, as extremely injurious to our navigation and commerce. But the third article in the new treaty is past all endurance. It adds most astonishingly to the injury; and the mere admission of such an article will I very much apprehend, be attended with the most pernicious effects: It will give the scent to the British, and they may hereafter be induced occasionally to effect the same thing by custom house regulations: But it would be preferable to risk that, than by concurring in such an article, rivet upon ourselves by a treaty an evil of the greatest magnitude to our trade. It is no vague suggestion to suppose that the operations of the new third article would reduce the navigation engaged in the India trade from the U. States to at least one half the present number of tons. The American trade to British India under Jay's treaty, yielded no extraordinary profit. It has afforded, on an average calculation, not exceeding fifteen per cent. annual interest, with the advantage which we enjoyed of being at peace, whilst all the world besides was involved in war.
It is very certain that the British nation are under as much obligation to us, for our commerce, as the United States are to them for permission to trade to India; a permission which they granted without restriction to the Portuguese and Danes. It is difficult, from the want of sufficient data, to ascertain the number of dollars annually imported into India by American vessels. The amount imported into China in the years 1803, 1804, and 1805, amounted to four millions eight hundred and thirty seven thousand three hundred; and it is presumable that the importation into India, was nearly, if not quite, as great. If such be the fact, are we to suppose that the British will depart from their interest so far as to exclude a trade which produces to them such a vast amount of specie, and the deprivation of the supply of which would present a great difficulty to themselves in finding dollars wherewith to pay off their troops?
There are substantial reasons for belief that the British would, without a written contract to that effect, suffer us to carry on the trade, at least in the degree we have enjoyed it under Jay's treaty. I think I can perceive, in all the negotiations and diplomatic arrangements between the U. States and G. Britain, that the latter have invariably acted on the principle of conceding nothing of consequence to us by compact which she can control in practice. It is her desire at all times to hold the master springs of commerce in her own hands, so that she may brace or relax them at pleasure. In many cases she will where there exists no provision by treaty on the subject, and it is her interest to do so, display an extraordinary liberality. But attempt to bring her to the test; make but an effort to bind her up to the continued observance of that liberal spirit, and she refuses. She will negotiate on the topic, it is true; but she will not agree to any written stipulation except it still leaves to herself the whole latitude of restriction or relaxation. Hence, in a question of traffic, it is sometimes better, in treating with her, to submit to the risk of prohibitory custom-house regulations, than to adopt an article which positively excludes advantages that may, without the existence of that article, be enjoyed.
Between the Danish ports of Salempore and Tranquebar, and those of Calcutta & Madras, a free commerce is enjoyed. The two former might and would become places of deposit for us, where a free trade would be afforded to our ships, and goods be furnished to our merchants on terms infinitely more advantageous than they could be procured under the stipulations of the third article.
It would have been much more acceptable to commercial men, had our India trade been placed upon a footing similar to that of our intercourse with the West Indies as stated in the sixth article; or rather, indeed, that the treaty had been entirely silent on the subject altogether, and the trade suffered to rely for its continuance on the reciprocal advantages derived from it by each nation; for they are in reality such to British India as would tempt them successfully at almost all times to receive our vessels on terms equivalent to those guaranteed to us by Jay's treaty. If such an article were not admitted into the treaty, our intercourse with British India might have been carried on in silence, which has been the case since Jay's treaty expired; and eventually we might gradually and imperceptibly have slid into the enjoyment of those benefits which we experienced previously to the existence of that instrument.
A concise view of the trade of the Danish settlements, and of the commerce which by the Portuguese and Danes is
carried on with British India, can neither be improbable nor unacceptable to the reader.
The Danish settlement of Tranquebar is situated upon the coast of Coromandel, distant from Madras about one hundred and sixty five miles. The goods usually shipped at Madras can be procured at Tranquebar on terms very little different from those on which they are purchased at Madras: But in consequence of its being a more extensive mart, there is a preferable convenience in obtaining a cargo at the latter. The conclusion, however, is very natural and forcible, that if the demands of the traders of the U. States were transferred to Tranquebar, a larger and more abundant market would speedily be created there. At the time Col. Monroe concluded the unfortunate treaty, vast quantities of goods were shipped from Tranquebar for Manila, Batavia, and the Isle of France; and these were supplied from their own resources, as well as from those of the British residences. The proportion of goods for American commerce drawn from Madras and its vicinity, is comparatively insignificant. The great demand by merchants of the U. States is for articles which are in general shipped at Calcutta: Twelve miles higher up the river Hoogly lies Salempore, belonging to the Danes; a settlement from whence goods are shipped on terms as satisfactory as those for which they can be purchased at Calcutta; the only inconvenience being that they cannot be procured there conveniently in such large quantities as they can at the latter place.
The Danes purchase at Calcutta freely and without any governmental impositions, whatever goods they may want; And if necessary, the Americans might cause them to be transported at a very trivial expence to their vessels lying at Salempore. Danish ships actually lay at Calcutta and receive their cargoes from the two places. Let the demand only be withdrawn from Calcutta to Salempore, and it would immediately attract the attention of the Black Merchants to the latter; and in all probability, within the course of a few years yield a supply fully sufficient to satisfy the demand. The goods of the East India company are derived principally from their own residences and are made by their own workmen. Those which are brought to Calcutta to be sold, are bought up by the Black Merchants, who convey them down the river, passing by Salempore & deliver them to the rich native merchants, (for they do not sell to the whites,) from whom, in the season preceding, they had received the money requisite for the customary advances which they are obliged to make to the indigent manufacturer, who can effect nothing without an advance of money. It is from those wealthy native merchants that the Americans, trading to Calcutta, derive their cargoes; and it would be easy to bring them to an understanding on the subject, so that the necessary goods might be delivered at Salempore. During the late and existing wars of Europe they have furnished Manila, and the possessions of the Dutch and French, unrestricted, with cotton goods, silk, opium, &c. &c. which are bought and shipped at Calcutta to an immense amount. Had not Jay's treaty interfered the Americans would have enjoyed this trade, which is productive of very great advantages to the British themselves; for by it a vent is made for their manufactures which in no other way could be created. There would have been a vast increase of it if we could have enjoyed a share of it. The trade of Salempore has in truth been tried, by the owners of the ship Kensington, of Philadelphia, who dispatched her to that place, where she took in her cargo, with which she proceeded for Ostend; She stopped, on her passage, at St. Helena, where she was seized by the governor, who alleged that as she had received her cargo in British waters, she was liable, under the treaty, to condemnation, because the treaty prevented the ships of the U. States from trading from British India direct to Europe. When the case came to trial, the ship and cargo were released, and the offending governor amerced in a fine that nearly ruined him.
To Calcutta there are annually carried by the Portuguese from one to two millions of hard dollars, and these are laid out in cotton goods, with which they proceed direct for Lisbon. The British in India receive them with open arms, treat them kindly, court their commerce, and impose no restriction upon them. The ships are compelled to return to Lisbon by the laws of Portugal, because the government derives a duty of twenty-five per cent. from them, and because the goods with which they are laden being generally intended for the trade of Brazil, must in the first instance, according to the colonial system of Portugal, be brought to the parent country.
The inferences to be drawn from the preceding facts and reasoning require little illustration. With regard to our own intercourse with British India, the third article degrades us below the Portuguese and Danes, (when neutral,) and instead of improving our trade in that quarter, places us in a worse situation than the treaty made by John Jay.
In the estimation of the reader I dare say this subject has already occupied too great a portion of the pages of this week's Register. I therefore shall close it until my succeeding number, when I will return to it with renewed vigor, as well as to the exculpatory letter of Col. Monroe, which, in my opinion, is inconsistent in itself and fatal to the reputation of the writer.
carried on with British India, can neither be improbable nor unacceptable to the reader.
The Danish settlement of Tranquebar is situated upon the coast of Coromandel, distant from Madras about one hundred and sixty five miles. The goods usually shipped at Madras can be procured at Tranquebar on terms very little different from those on which they are purchased at Madras: But in consequence of its being a more extensive mart, there is a preferable convenience in obtaining a cargo at the latter. The conclusion, however, is very natural and forcible, that if the demands of the traders of the U. States were transferred to Tranquebar, a larger and more abundant market would speedily be created there. At the time Col. Monroe concluded the unfortunate treaty, vast quantities of goods were shipped from Tranquebar for Manila, Batavia, and the Isle of France; and these were supplied from their own resources, as well as from those of the British residences. The proportion of goods for American commerce drawn from Madras and its vicinity, is comparatively insignificant. The great demand by merchants of the U. States is for articles which are in general shipped at Calcutta: Twelve miles higher up the river Hoogly lies Salempore, belonging to the Danes; a settlement from whence goods are shipped on terms as satisfactory as those for which they can be purchased at Calcutta; the only inconvenience being that they cannot be procured there conveniently in such large quantities as they can at the latter place.
The Danes purchase at Calcutta freely and without any governmental impositions, whatever goods they may want; And if necessary, the Americans might cause them to be transported at a very trivial expence to their vessels lying at Salempore. Danish ships actually lay at Calcutta and receive their cargoes from the two places. Let the demand only be withdrawn from Calcutta to Salempore, and it would immediately attract the attention of the Black Merchants to the latter; and in all probability, within the course of a few years yield a supply fully sufficient to satisfy the demand. The goods of the East India company are derived principally from their own residences and are made by their own workmen. Those which are brought to Calcutta to be sold, are bought up by the Black Merchants, who convey them down the river, passing by Salempore & deliver them to the rich native merchants, (for they do not sell to the whites,) from whom, in the season preceding, they had received the money requisite for the customary advances which they are obliged to make to the indigent manufacturer, who can effect nothing without an advance of money. It is from those wealthy native merchants that the Americans, trading to Calcutta, derive their cargoes; and it would be easy to bring them to an understanding on the subject, so that the necessary goods might be delivered at Salempore. During the late and existing wars of Europe they have furnished Manila, and the possessions of the Dutch and French, unrestricted, with cotton goods, silk, opium, &c. &c. which are bought and shipped at Calcutta to an immense amount. Had not Jay's treaty interfered the Americans would have enjoyed this trade, which is productive of very great advantages to the British themselves; for by it a vent is made for their manufactures which in no other way could be created. There would have been a vast increase of it if we could have enjoyed a share of it. The trade of Salempore has in truth been tried, by the owners of the ship Kensington, of Philadelphia, who dispatched her to that place, where she took in her cargo, with which she proceeded for Ostend; She stopped, on her passage, at St. Helena, where she was seized by the governor, who alleged that as she had received her cargo in British waters, she was liable, under the treaty, to condemnation, because the treaty prevented the ships of the U. States from trading from British India direct to Europe. When the case came to trial, the ship and cargo were released, and the offending governor amerced in a fine that nearly ruined him.
To Calcutta there are annually carried by the Portuguese from one to two millions of hard dollars, and these are laid out in cotton goods, with which they proceed direct for Lisbon. The British in India receive them with open arms, treat them kindly, court their commerce, and impose no restriction upon them. The ships are compelled to return to Lisbon by the laws of Portugal, because the government derives a duty of twenty-five per cent. from them, and because the goods with which they are laden being generally intended for the trade of Brazil, must in the first instance, according to the colonial system of Portugal, be brought to the parent country.
The inferences to be drawn from the preceding facts and reasoning require little illustration. With regard to our own intercourse with British India, the third article degrades us below the Portuguese and Danes, (when neutral,) and instead of improving our trade in that quarter, places us in a worse situation than the treaty made by John Jay.
In the estimation of the reader I dare say this subject has already occupied too great a portion of the pages of this week's Register. I therefore shall close it until my succeeding number, when I will return to it with renewed vigor, as well as to the exculpatory letter of Col. Monroe, which, in my opinion, is inconsistent in itself and fatal to the reputation of the writer.

Ten Dollars Reward. RUN away from this city, about the 12th of last November, a negro man slave named CESAR, the property of the subscriber; he formerly belonged to Mr. Robert Alexander of Campbell county, and was bought from him a small boy in the year 1789; he is now about 6 feet high, his big toe on his right foot is very remarkable, being split with an axe thro' the nail and nearly as high; as the second joint, by that it is much broader and larger than the other. He was accustomed to run James river above the falls, and was seen on the 13th of the same month, November, going thro' the locks in a bateaux, with a negro man slave named Abram, who was head man, and belongs to the estate of Col. John Harvie, dec. If Cesar is not concealed by the said Abram he is gone up the river in some other bateaux. On delivering him to me or securing him in some jail so that I get him again, shall be paid the above reward by Robert Mitchell. City of Richmond, 25th Jan. 1808. wif
For Sale or Rent, THE HOUSE, OFFICE & STABLE, with an excellent garden, all in good order, and at present occupied by Mr. Samuel P. Parsons, joining major Prior, on the Hay-Market square; For particulars apply to JASPER ROBBINS, at Mr. JOHN McENERY's. Feb 24, 1808.
TO RENT  The House and Lot, AT present occupied by Mr. Hezekiah Mosby pleasantly situated on Shockoe Hill and very convenient for the accommodation of a family—Possession may be had on the 3d March next, when Mr. Mosby's time will expire Thomas Elliott. Richmond, 29th Jan. 1808. tf
REMOVAL. WE have removed our Countinghouse to the house immediately below, and contiguous to the one we have hitherto occupied, where we have for sale, Mucovado Sugar by the hogshead or barrel, Sherry Wine, in quarter casks, and a few cases Old Claret of superior quality. ROBERT & ALLAN POLLOCK, & Co. March 5, 1808. (H)
I AM desirous to exchange the following property, or any part thereof, as may be agreed on for a small tract of good Land, in a healthy situation, with a dwelling house and other improvements, a good spring of water, and an agreeable neighborhood, at a distance of 30 to 100 miles up the country—To say for Houses in this city—Lands in Henrico county, joining the academy lands, and near this city—2,000 acres on Richland creek, in Lincoln county—Kentucky—1,000 acres on the waters of the Ohio, in Mason county—and two tracts of Military Lands on the river Tennessee, each 866 2/3 acres. Robert Mitchell. Richmond Feb 6, 1808. tf
NOTICE. WILL DISPOSE OF MY  TRACT OF LAND, LYING in Powhatan county, containing 500 acres, of which there is 80 or more prime low grounds, which never is over-flowed by the river Appomattox. There is also a fine mill seat, the dam nearly completed, and timbers ready got to complete the mill, upon a never failing stream. The terms will be one-half cash, the balance in 12 months. I will sell, or treat with any one between this and the 1st July next, otherwise it will be sold upon the premises, to the highest bidder, together with other property. The terms of the personal property will be made known on the day of sale. John H. Saunders. January 5, 1808. tds
TO BE SOLD, By public auction, for cash, on Monday the 25th April next, at Cumberland court house, being court day.  Two tracts of Land, In the county of Buckingham, formerly belonging to Mr. Peyton Saunders, viz. one tract of 400 acres, adjoining the lands of Reily Chastain and John Harris. The other tract lies on Buffalo creek, five miles from the town of Caring, containing 238 acres, adjoining the lands of Eleanor Bowling, John Drum, John Lipscomb and James Hudgins. Mr. Edw. W. Trent will be invested with free power to act for me, he being at court on that day. CHAS. H. SAUNDERS. Richmond, March 26 1808. wtds
TO RENT, A GOOD TENEMENT on Market Alley, opposite the Market House; it is among the best stands in the neighborhood for a grocery. For terms apply to the subscriber or to Harry Tompkins ISAAC WEBSTER. February 15. tf
NOTICE. THE Subscribers having formed a connection in business, under the firm of HOVEY & SIZER, offer for sale, at the Store lately occupied by Mr. Charles J. Macmurd, the following articles: 50 lbs N. E. Rum, 25 hds. leaf and lump sugar, 12 bags of pepper 2 ton of bar lead 10 boxes cotton and wool cards, 25 boxes candles 15 boxes N. York chocolate 25 trunks of shoes assorted 80 tierces Stone Lime. HENRY HOVEY, JAMES SIZER. ALL PERSONS who are indebted to the Subscriber are requested to make immediate payment. No further indulgence will be given to those whose bonds and accounts have been due six months. HENRY HOVEY, April 5th, 1808. ep5w
JUST RECEIVED AT THIS OFFICE, No. 4, of THE  American Military Library OR,  Repository of Modern Tactics; Adapted to the use of the Militia of the United States.—17 o Illustrated with a sheet plate of nineteen manœuvres. (The plate alone sells for 75 cents.) March 9. BLANK BONDS For Sale at this Office.
For Rent, THE House on the Main Street, next to Messrs Ellis and Allan, and now occupied by Mrs. Phebe. Possession will be given on the first of January next—apply to JOSEPH GALLEGO Richmond, Dec. 27. 1807. tf
Valuable Lands. THE subscriber will Sell, on a credit, or exchange for Property in Richmond or its neighborhood, the following LANDS, to wit: 822 acres in the state of Kentucky, by survey bearing date the 10th day of October 1797, lying and being in the district set apart for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on Little Barren river. Also, 1099 acres, in Kentucky, by survey bearing date the 10th October 1797, likewise lying in the district set apart for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on the north side of Little river, a branch of Cumberland river, and about two and an half miles from the mouth of Little river. Also, 450 acres of Land in the county of Mason, state of Virginia, on Old Town creek, about 8 miles from Mason courthouse. Indisputable titles will be made to the above mentioned lands; and plots of each tract may be seen on application to the subscriber residing in Richmond. THOMAS BOHANNAN. January 23d, 1808. tf
To be Sold TO the highest bidder, for ready money, on Thursday the 21st instant, April, at the house called Napiers Tavern, in the town of Columbia, a  Tract of Land whereon Abraham Shepard now lives, on the Rivanna, in the county of Fluvanna, containing by a late survey, 334 acres, more or less, all joining the lands of Charles Adams, Richard Adams, Pleasant Bybee, and others, being land sold by David Ross to said Shepard, and conveyed by him, Shepard, to us in trust, to secure a debt due to said Ross, as stated in said trust deed, which said debt has since been assigned by said Ross to Henry E. Coleman—We sell our right as trustees only. George Holman, } Trustees. William Pasteur, } Jacob Myers, } 1st April, 1808. tds
Will be Sold FOR ready money, on the premises on the fourth day of June next, in obedience to a decree of the Superior Court of Chancery, for the Richmond District, made on the ninth day of February last past, in the suits in said Court, viz: Brown, Rives, and Company, Merchants and partners, } flts against William Alcock, Andrew Hart, Robert Alcock, James Barbour, and Martin Dawson, } dfis. and William Galt, } against William Alcock, Andrew Hart, Robert Alcock, James Barbour, Brown, Rives & Company, Martin Dawson & David Anderson, } dfis. ONE TRACT or PARCEL of LAND, in said suits mentioned, lying and being in the county of Albemarle, in the North Garden, on the head waters of Hardaway river, containing SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY FOUR ACRES, be the same more or less, and adjoining the lands of James Garland, Husey R. Morris, William Woods, &c. subject to the life estate of the defendant Robert Alcock and Mary his wife, in the lower moiety thereof. MARTIN DAWSON. March 21, 1808. 5w
10 Dollars Reward. RUN AWAY from the Subscriber on Friday last, a Negro Man named JOHN, a carpenter by trade. He is six feet and upwards high, very likely, of insinuating manners, extremely polite when spoken to. For three years past he lived with Mr. Anderson Barrett. He has a fierce mulatto woman for his wife, in Richmond, living near the work house, where I expect he will stay. He took with him several articles of husbandry; amongst them, a pair of iron wedges, marked with the letter P. I will give a reward of ten dollars, if delivered to me in the lower end of Hanover, or eight if confined in jail, and I apprised of it. He is called by the negroes John Russell. ARMISTEAD RUSSELL. Hanover, January 24, 1809. tf
Cash Sale. BY virtue of a deed of trust from John Boatwright to the subscriber, bearing date the 17th day of August, 1805, and recorded in the county court of Cumberland, to secure the payment of sundry debts therein specified; WILL BE SOLD, at the front door of Hobson's Tavern, near the court house of the said county, on the fourth Monday in April next, [it being court day] One Hundred Acres of Land, adjoining the lands of Alexander Trent, sec. and others, six head of horses, one cart, and one yoke of oxen, twelve head of cattle, twelve head of sheep, five feather beds, with their furnitures, and all of the said Boatwright's Household and Kitchen Furniture, or so much thereof, as will be sufficient to discharge the covenants in the said deed and the charges for carrying the same into effect, or so much of the Stock, &c. as shall be produced to the trustee on the day of sale. Henry Bell. March 12 1808. w3p
SALE OF NEGROES. In pursuance of a deed of trust executed to me by John Ogilby of the county of Person, North Carolina, for purposes therein expressed, I shall on the first day of April next, if fair, if not the next fair day, proceed to sell, at the Red House in Caswell county, (N.C.) to the highest bidder, for ready money, the following SLAVES to wit: James, Davy, Tom, Adam, Bob and Major, or as many of them as will be sufficient to answer the purposes of said deed. Wm. S. Archer. March 4th, 1808. wtds * The sale of the above mentioned property is postponed until Thursday the 5th of May, April 7, 1808.
Charlotte Court, 8th March, 1808. Nathaniel Journey and Lucy his wife Charles Hundley and Martha his wife and Thomas Estis, } Pffs. AGAINST Anthony Hundley and Mary his wife, Jacob Beading and Mildred his wife, William Cockrum and Nancy his wife, Evan Snead and Elizabeth his wife, Carter White, executor of John White and guardian of the orphans of the said John White, Frances White, Sarah Walker and John Estis, administrator of Elisha Estis, } Dfs.
THE defendants Anthony Hundley and Mary his wife, Jacob Beading and Mildred his wife, William Cockrum and Nancy his wife and Sarah Walker, not having entered their appearance according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this state; On the motion of the plaintiffs by their attorney—It is ordered, that they appear here on the first day of August court next and enter their appearances; and that a copy of this order be inserted in one of the newspapers printed in Richmond for two months successively and posted at the front door of the court house of the said county. A Copy. Teste, Thomas Read, clk. (8p)
The Imported Horse   PAUL, Formerly St. Paul, is a beautiful sorrel, 15 hands 3 inches high, remarkable for his elegance, beauty, strength and fine bone, will stand the ensuing season at my plantation, in Powhatan county, on James river, 3 miles above the Manakin Town ferry, and about the same distance below Jude's ferry, to cover mares at 25 dollars the season, but may be discharged by the payment of 18 dollars, or the price of 18 bushels of wheat at Dover mill in Goochland county, if paid by the first day of December next, with half a dollar to the groom. As good and extensive pasturage as any in Virginia gratis, and mares fed with corn at the market price, if the money is sent with them; and servant's boarded at six shillings per week, and the greatest attention paid to the mares, but not liable for escapes or other accidents. The season will commence the first day of March and end the first day of August. This beautiful horse PAUL, was raised by the Prince of Wales, & got by his horse Saltram, who was got by O'Kelly's Eclipse, his dam Virago, by Snap; Paul's dam Purity, was got by Matchem; her dam the Old Squirt mare, of as great fame as any mare in the kingdom.—Paul's colts are equal to any horse's in Virginia, and he is a sure foal-getter; several of his colts may be seen at his stand. THOMAS HARRIS, Jr. Powhatan, Feb. 29, 1808. Millwood.
The noted & much admired ENGLISH HORSE   Jack Andrews; IMPORTED by W. Lightfoot, Esq. of Charles City county, and now his property, fully 15 and a 1/2 hands high, a blood bay, fine formed, in high health, vigor and spirit, the most active and best bottomed horse ever imported into this country, now rising 14 years old. Will stand the ensuing season at Temple Hill, on Mechanic's river, in Albemarle county, ten miles above Charlottesville, within 1 mile of German's mill and 2 miles of the brick tavern, and will be let to mares at five guineas the season, which may be discharged by the payment of 20 dollars if paid by the 10th day of August. Gentlemen's notes will be required with their mares for 5 guineas discharged as above; 3 guineas the leap, and 40 dollars to insure a mare to be with foal, and one dollar with each mare to the groom; the leap and groom money to be paid when the mare is covered. Provided the mare is changed the owner shall be liable. The season will commence the first day of March and end the first day of August. Extensive low and high ground pasturage, well enclosed, in three separate fields, gratis. Servants will be boarded at $2 per week, and grain will be furnished at the market price and given in manner and quantity agreeably to direction, and all possible care taken to prevent accidents and escapes but will not be liable for any that may happen. JAMES KINSOLVING, For William Lightfoot.
This celebrated horse's performances in England, has not been inferior to any horse there, except his brother Dick Andrews, who is considered now the best horse in that country, giving 7 pounds—Jack Andrews won twice in 1797, then Mr. Lord's property—See Racing Calendar for that year. At Worcester, July 5th, a maiden plate of £50 for 3 years old, 6 stone, 4 mile heats, was won by Jack Andrews, at 3 heats, beating Mr. Darlington's ch f Miss Edwin, 4 years old; Mr. Atkin's son's ch m Priscilla, aged; Sir W. W. Wynn's ch f Sweet Botherem, 5 years old; Mr. Hardins b c Eglantine, 4 years old. Stafford, October 7th—The town purse of £50 4 mile heats, was won by Jack Andrews, 3 years old, at 3 heats, beating Mr. Bettersom's Liles Pickle, 4 years old; Mr. Barlow's Roderick, 4 years old; Mr. Denham's Honest Tom, 6 years old; Sir W. W. Wynn's b h True Blue, 5 years old. In 1798, at Nantwich, Thursday, July 8th—£50, for 3 and 4 years old, he won, beating Mr. Bayley's ch c Cannon, 4 years old; Stamford's b f Scollie, 3 years old. Denby, August 15th—He won £50, free, for any horse, beating Lill of the Valley, Falconer and True Blue. In 1799, he won twice, to wit: At Ludlow, on Friday, the 4th of July. 4 mile heats, free for all ages, beating Lord Oxford's ch c Dart at 3 heats. At Worcester, August 8th—He won the city and county subscription of £50, 4 mile heats, at 3 heats, beating Mr. Artley's billy Duchess, 4 years old; Mr. Coventry's b h Integrity, late Partner; Mr. Snell's ch g Hocks, 5 years old—after the first heat 4 to 1 on her; after the second heat 4 to 1 on Jack Andrews.
In 1800 he won 6 times, to wit: At Lewes, then the property of Major Rooke, August 12th, he beat Lord Sackville's ch b h Laborie, 4 mile heats for 50 guineas—At Oxford, the town plate of £50, in August, was won by Jack Andrews, at 4 heats, beating Sir F. Poole's ch m Duchess of Limbs, 5 years old. Lord Doneghan's b h Wrangle distanced the 4th heat—September, at Warwick, he won the town plate of £50, 4 mile heats, beating Mr. Tharm's b h Marquis, Mr. Brooke's b h Sheshire, Mr. Edwards' b m Duchess.
At Abingdon, Tuesday, September 16th, the members' purse of £50, for all ages, 4 mile heats was won by Jack Andrews, at 3 heats, beating Sir F. Poole's ch m Miscreant, 5 years old, Mr. Whaley's ch b Expectation, Mr. Frayley's b h Cupid—six to four on Miscreant. In 1801, Jack Andrews at New Market, April 20th, received forfeit from Mr. Berthoroke's Symmetry, 8 stone, 5 lb, 200 guineas, half forfeit. Bebury, June 16th—The Bebury stakes, a handicap of 100 guineas each, half forfeit, 4 mile, was won by Jack Andrews, aged, beating Lord Sackville's b h Expectation, 5 years old, Sir T. Vane's Cock fighter, 5 years old, Mr. R. Hathcock's Hippona, aged, his royal highness the Prince of Wales's b h Dick Andrews, Mr. Heathcock's Poinjay and Cox's Edwin.
June 17th, a sweepstakes of 5 guineas each, 20 subscribers was won by Jack Andrews, beating Col. Greville's Lady Catherine, Mr. Howorth's Snuff Box. Bedford, September 10th—The Woburn Stake of 10 guineas each, 4 miles, 5 subscribers, was won by his royal highness the Prince of Wales's b h Jack Andrews, aged, beating Mr. Watson's b h Triumvir, Mr. Galding's b c Skyrocket. Endfield, September 23, £50, for all ages, 4 mile heats, was won by Jack Andrews, aged, at 3 heats, beating Mr. Frogley's gr g Ploughboy, Velvet horse Little Thought, Of, Hephestion and Conestor—See Racing Calendars for these years. It would swell an advertisement to too great length to mention all the races he has won. Sweepstakes of 20 guineas each, 2 miles, 5 subscribers, Mr. Rooke's Jack Andrews, aged, 11 st. 7 lb, walked over.—See Racing Calendar for 1802, page 385. At Lambourne, in Sept. Wednesday 10th, he won the £50 gift of Lord Craven, 4 mile heats, at 4 heats, beating Mr. Coventry's ch h Sacrapant, Mr. Bacon's b m Snap. WILLIAM LIGHTFOOT.
PEDIGREE Jack Andrews was got by Joe Andrews, his dam by Highflyer, his grandam Cardinal Puff, his great grandam by Tattler, his great great grandam by Snip, his great great great grandam by Lord Godolphin's Arabian, his great great great grandam by Stanyan's Arabian, which mare was own sister to Frampton's White Neck, full sister to the Minbury Galloway, great great great great grandam by Sauce Box, a son of Gegg, sire of Croft's Old Partner. JAMES LORD (Seal) I do hereby certify that the above pedigree is a true copy from the original one sent me by Jas. Lord Given under my hand and seal this 23d of December, 1804. WILLIAM LIGHTFOOT, (Seal)
Joe Andrews was got by Eclipse, his dam Almandra by Omnium, her dam Cloudy by Blank—Crab, Wedding, on mare by Partner—General Stud Book, page 6th, printed in 1803, by James Whetham.
The Famous High Blooded English Horse   HAMBLETON, BRED by the Duke of Graf ton, a beautiful bright bay, near 16 hands high, of high form and elegance, rising 16 years old, in good health and great perfection, imported by Wm. Lightfoot, Esq. of Charles City county, will stand the ensuing season, at my plantation in Hanover county, 20 miles from Richmond and 2 from Hanover. Town and New Castle, to cover mares at 6 guineas the season, for which a note will be required, dischargeable by the payment of 20 dollars at any time before the first of August next, when the season will expire, with one dollar to the groom for each mare, paid at the stable door. Ten dollars the single leap, and 40 dollars to insure a mare with foal. Good and extensive pasturage, well enclosed, with branches running through the flat land afforded, as good forward pastures as any in this part of the country, gratis. Servants that may be sent with mares will be boarded for two dollars per week, and mares fed, if required, on reasonable terms. The greatest attention will be paid by my overseer, Mr. John Hog, but no liability for escapes or accidents. Any gentleman putting 6 mares to Hambleton may send one gratis. GEORGE BLAKEY. February 15, 1808.
PEDIGREE Hambleton was got by Dungannon, sire of Bedford and one of the best sons of O'Kelly's famous Eclipse, who was esteemed to be the best horse in England of his day, and covered at fifty guineas—his dam by Snap, sister to Jupiter, bred by Mr. Cross, 1793—her dam, Young Marsk's dam, by Blank, Stirling, Miss Meynell, by Partner, Greyhound, Curwen, Bay Barb, Lord D'Arcy's Arabian, Whitehirst, Old Montague mare. Thus it appears he descended from the best running stock in England.
PERFORMANCES This horse ranks very high as a racer, both for speed and bottom, as he proved successful in 20 races before he left the turf, 4 of which he walked over, none venturing to start against him. In '94 at Hambleton, Yorkshire, on Wednesday, May 14th, he won a sweepstakes of ten guineas each, for 3 year olds, 6 subscribers, 2 miles, beating Mr. B. Thell's b f by Magnum Bonum, Pierce's b f by Young Marske, Turner's Confederacy, and Graddock's ch c Leicester. At York he won 50L for 3 year olds, beating Lowther's b c Griffin Crompton's ch c Ambush Shepherd's Madcap, Clifton's b c Cedar, and Garforth's ch c even betting on Ambush against the field. At Manchester, in June, he won 50L for 3 year olds, two mile heats, beating Foreigner and Loyalist. At Stockton, Sept. 20, he won a sweepstakes of 20 guineas each, 5 subscribers, then Sir H. Williamson's property, formerly Mr. Hutchinson's, beating Field's Highflyer, out of Wren and Turner's Delphine. In 1795, Hambleton won 5 times, to wit: a handicap plate of 50L 2 mile heats, at 4 years old, beating Insect, Blacklegs and Wathin's b c 5 years old. At Edinburgh, July 20, he won his majesty's plate of 100 guineas 4 mile heats, beating Greyson's b h Archer, 6 years old, Mr. Peacock's ch g Farmer, and Mr. Wilson's Greeping Kate. At Dumfries in Oct. he won 50L beating Lord Darlington's b m Constant. In 1796, Hambleton won at Kelso, Oct. 5, a purse of 50 guineas beating Mr. Baillor's Black Cock. In 1797, he won 3 times, to wit—at Middleham, in Yorkshire, a sweepstakes of ten guineas each 5 subscribers, 3 mile heats, beating Merry Lad and Arthur. At Edinburgh, on Wednesday the 26th, 50 guineas for all ages, beating Eliza Fox and Betsey. On Friday the 28th, the ladies subscription purse of 50 guineas beating Fletcher's Jane. At Montrose, in Scotland, August, he walked over the ground for a 50L plate, and also walked over the ground for a subscription of 50L. At
Kelso, Oct 16 for a plate of 50 guineas he walked over the ground—and also his majesty's 100 guineas given to the Caledonian Hunt, for any horse, &c. carrying 12 at 4 mile heats, then 6 years old, he won against Mr. Wetherby's Trimbush, Piccadilly's Trimmer, aged, and Kinkadee's Hector, aged—and Saturday following, a purse of 50L given by the Hunt, free for any horse, &c. beating Farwell and Ironiker. At Carlisle he won 100 guineas of Mr. Sitwell, beating his b f by Meteor. In 1798, he won at Edinburgh, August, 50L for all ages, beating Maxwell's Arab, and Mr. Maule's Hippopotamus. At Montrose he won a plate of 50 guineas for all ages, beating Pitcairne and Contradior. See the racing Calendars for the foregoing years. Wm LIGHTFOOT.
Colt's Performances—London. Hambleton's colts also rank very high as racers, both for speed and bottom as they proved themselves good runners in England. In 1805, at Catterick bridge, on Thursday 18th, Wentworth's b c Suverhees by Hambleton, two years old, won a sweepstakes of ten guineas 3 subscribers; two miles, beating Mr. Riddle's b c by Overton, dam of Spindale; Mr. Loundale's ch c by Pistor dam by Paymaster—Lord Strathmore's g f by Overton, dam by Delphin—Several others also started but were not placed.—Durham, Wednesday, 34th, a Maiden Plate of 50L, given by the county members, for all ages, 3 mile heats. Sir H. Williamson's b c by Hamilton, 2 years old, run 4 heats, and proved second best—and 4 others started and proved themselves good runners. CERTIFICATES London, 17th February, 1806. William Lightfoot, Esq.
Dear Sir,—Hambleton ought to stand very high with you, as his colts in this country turn out excellent runners, &c. Ro. Gren. Charlotte, 10th May, 1806. I put five mares to Hambleton, and they all proved in foal, and the colts fine and large—I also have a mare which has bro't me four colts, one by Diomed, one by Dragon, one by Seagull, and another by Hambleton, and the Hambleton colt has the preference of either: I think her one of the finest fillies, both in size and figure that I ever saw.—Given under my hand. Henry Lester. Lunenburg, 5th May, 1806.
This will certify that I put a mare to Hambleton in 1804, when he stood at Mr. H. Lester's in Charlotte county, and am as well pleased, if not better, with the colts by him, than with any the same mare ever had—she previously bred by Coeur de Lion, Diomed, Quicksilver and Dion. Thel's Letter. Charlotte county. In the year 1804 I put a mare to Hambleton, then kept by Mr. H. Lester of this county, and am fully persuaded that it is the best colt the mare ever had, and is in my estimation the best colt I ever bred from any horse.—I moreover never have heard of any complaining of their colts from that horse. Thomas Read, Jr. Hanover County.
I herewith certify that Mr. Wm. Lightfoot's horse Hambleton, stood at my stable the last season, and that he has proved an excellent foal-getter: his colts would do credit to any horse on the continent. Mr. Wm. Morris of this county and I put five mares each, all of which proved in foal. Given under my hand this 7th day of May, 1806. John Thornton. Albemarle county, Temple Hill, (Va.) I do hereby certify that Mr. Wm. Lightfoot's English horse Hambleton, stood at my stable two seasons, viz in 1806 and 1807; and I consider him to be an excellent sure foal-getter, as any horse that I have been acquainted with—I have seen a number of his colts; I consider them large, fine and handsome—Not one that I have seen was indifferent—I have previously put my fine mare Lady Slipper to Precipitate, Knowlesy and Hambleton, and she brought a colt by each, the Hambleton I consider much preferable. Given under my hand 10th December, 1807. James Kinsolving.
Charlotte County, 6th May, 1806. We the undersigned subscribers had colts dropped last season by Hambleton, and they are esteemed by us and we believe by the neighbours generally, to be remarkable good colts; being for the most part large, fine and handsome. We also believe that the season he stood in this county, he got as many colts as any horse could get with the same number of mares. William Mitchell, James Lakin, Clement Smithson, Overton Pettus, Thomas Pettus, Wm. L. Morton, W. B. Lester.
The Celebrated English Stallion   BEDFORD, WILL stand this season at my house, in Chesterfield county, five miles distant from Goode and Bevil's bridges, on Appomattox river, and 25 from Richmond and Petersburg. The following terms will be attended to: FORTY DOLLARS are required for the season; the same to be secured by a note, to be sent with each mare, but the mare may be discharged by the payment of TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS at any time within the season, which will expire on the last day of July. The groom fee will be ONE DOLLAR per mare. Should any mare sent to this horse not prove to be in foal, the owner, provided he retains possession of the same mare the succeeding season, may be permitted to put her to Bedford gratis. The mares will have the benefit of safe and extensive pasturage, but no responsibility for escapes or accidents. They will be supplied with provender on very reasonable terms, provided the money is sent to make the purchase. Servants who attend the mares, will be boarded at the rate of ten shillings and six pence per week. BEDFORD, from his performances and his real character, ought to stand at his former season price of fifty dollars, but the distressed situation of the country, as to money matters, induces the subscriber to reduce the sum, and to make the payment of it as easy as possible to those who may think proper to raise from this elegant and valuable stock. BEDFORD is a fine blood bay, nearly 16 hands high, with great bone and muscular power; his colts are equal if not superior to those of any horse in America. He is the sire of the following distinguished runners.—Fairy, it is believed, that out of thirteen races (4 mile heats) she won twelve, and is the only nag that ever beat Leviathan—Gallant, Nancy Air, Dungannon, Peggy, Lottery, Cup Bearer, Volunteer, Nestor, Duchess, Eolus, Whiskey, and many other fine horses are the immediate descendants of Bedford. BEDFORD was imported by the late col. John Roames, bred by Lord Grosvenor, was got by Dungannon, the best son of Eclipse, his dam Fairy by Highflyer, his grandam Fairy Queen, who was also the grandam of Citizen, by Young Gade, Ruth's Black-Eyes by Crab, Warlock Galloway by Snake, Gail Galloway, Curwin Bay Bard. THOMAS BRANCH. March 4, 1808. (w3m)
Wirt's Speeches. The Editor of the Argus has this day published the SPEECHES of WILLIAM WIRT, Esq., on the trial of AARON BURR, and others.

THE failure in the Senate of the U. S. of the attempt to expel from that body John Smith, of Ohio, one of the partisans of the infamous Aaron Burr, is truly to be lamented by the friends of their country. Yet, as providence often brings good out of evil, this strange circumstance, that a conspirator against the peace and safety of united America, should continue one of its Senators, vested with such immense powers, and responsible for the performance of such all important duties, (in spite of the votes of 19 members, and notwithstanding the general wish of the people of the state, which he mis-represents for his expulsion,) may be productive of at least one beneficial effect, by ensuring an important amendment to the federal constitution.
It certainly furnishes an irresistible argument to prove the necessity of amending that instrument, so as to authorize the expulsion of a Senator, on the votes of less than two thirds of the Senate, or his removal from office by his own state legislature. One, or the other, of these salutary amendments, it is hoped, will be ensured by this otherwise unfortunate event. If so, it will rather be a subject of congratulation than of regret.
The vote of Mr. GILES in favor of John Smith, really strikes us with astonishment and concern! We cannot doubt the integrity of that gentleman; and are therefore satisfied that he decided on the case according to the best of his judgment; but the chances are so many against the correctness of his opinion, that we cannot but think he has fallen into a great and grievous error.
Delegates chosen to serve in the next General Assembly.
 Charlotte. Joseph Wyatt and William Price, Esqrs.  Campbell. Edward Watts and Achilles Moorman, Esqrs.  Prince Edward. Allen Temple* and Charles Gee, Esqrs.  Stafford. John Moure* and Peter V. Daniel, Esqrs.  Prince William. William Tyler* and John H. Peyton, Esqrs.  King George. Caleb Smith* and Wm. Boo, Esqrs.  * New Members.
Answer of the President of the United States to an address of the Tammany Society, or Columbian Order of the City of New-York, lately presented to him by Doctor Mitchell.
I HAVE received your address, fellow-citizens, and thankful for the expressions so personally gratifying to myself, I contemplate with high satisfaction, the ardent spirit it breathes of love to our country and devotion to its liberty and independence. The crisis in which it is placed cannot but be unwelcome to those who love peace, yet spurn at a tame submission to wrong. So fortunately remote from the theatre of European contests, and carefully avoiding to implicate ourselves in them, we had a right to hope for an exemption from the calamities which have afflicted the contending nations, and to be permitted unoffendingly to pursue the paths of industry and peace. But the ocean, which, like the air, is the common birth-right of mankind, is arbitrarily wrested from us, and maxims consecrated by time, by usage, and by an universal sense of right, are trampled on by superior force. To give time for this demoralizing tempest to pass over, one measure only remained which might cover our beloved country from its overwhelming fury—an appeal to the deliberate understanding of our fellow citizens in a cessation of all intercourse with the belligerent nations, until it can be resumed under the protection of a returning sense of the moral obligations, which constitute a law for nations as well as individuals. There can be no question, in a mind truly American, whether it is best to send our citizens and property into certain captivity and then wage war for their recovery, or to keep them at home, and to turn seriously to that policy which plants the manufacturer and the husbandman side by side, and establishes at the door of every one that exchange of mutual labors and comforts which we have hitherto sought in distant regions and under perpetual risk of broils with them. Between these alternatives your address has soundly decided; and I doubt not your aid, and that of every real and faithful citizen towards carrying into effect the measures of your country, and enforcing the sound principle, that in opposing foreign wrong there must be but one mind.
I receive with sensibility your kind prayers for my future happiness, and I supplicate protecting Providence to watch over your own and our country's freedom and welfare.
(Signed) TH: JEFFERSON.
Department of State, April 8, 1808. Merchants and others wishing to forward letters to Europe, are informed that a vessel, under the orders of the government, will sail from Baltimore on the 20th of this month, or as soon thereafter as possible, which will deliver at L'Orient and Falmeuth, all such letters as may be respectively consigned to those ports, or to other places through the same. The postage on the letters must be paid to Baltimore.
The latest information from France states, that Bonaparte was on the eve of leaving Paris to head an army of 200,000 men for the purpose of penetrating Africa. It is said to be his purpose totally to subvert the government of Algiers and the other Barbary states. If this information be correct, we presume one of his leading views is to possess himself of the immense treasures which have been there hoarded up for centuries, which has been long since estimated at a hundred millions of dollars.
FROM THE AURORA. Congress propose adjourning on the 25th of the present month. It is to be presumed that due provision will be made before adjournment, to guard
against the vicissitudes to which the nation may be exposed during the recess. There is no efficient or competent law in existence, for the employment of the militia.
They are not one tenth armed. They are very imperfectly disciplined—where disciplined the best. No provision has been made for procuring horse artillery or horses. The people should at once turn their attention to provide for every necessary, from internal resources; our own industry and ingenuity if put into operation, are fully competent to supply all our wants and give a lively and wholesome activity to the national capital—
 Spin cotton.  Raise sheep.  Plant flax.  Encourage the loom and the spinning wheel.  Our iron mines are inexhaustible—  Our forests and our fields are the same.  Resort to them—it is better to keep from the ocean two or three years, than to mourn, or be involved in wars for ages. 
TIME PAST—FUTURITY. By the past we acquire experience. The use of experience is to guard against the recurrence of evil from similar causes.
We look in vain for rational causes for the early wars of European nations—that is, for causes founded on justice or moral necessity. The vast revolutions which took place in the countries once called the Dutchy of Burgundy—afterwards at different times, the Low Countries, Austrian Netherlands, the Seventeen Provinces, which ultimately produced the revolt of the Dutch, and all those signal events that followed, arose out of a dispute between two chiefs which should have a certain woman to wife.
The ridiculous ideas conceived by the British kings of conquering France, and their claim to the title (until the peace of Amiens) of king of France, had been the provocation and from thence the cause of wars for five centuries.
The wars had different issues at different periods—but the main object of France on subjugation of one or the other, never was effected—the murder, massacre, rapine, plunder, desolation, always followed—but with no other effect than this, to fix in the minds of the two nations, that they were to be eternal enemies—and to give rise to the phrase, natural enemies. This is the past.
Is there any idiot , or maniac , or caitiff , desirous of placing America in the same situation that Britain placed herself six centuries ago and has continued since—at enmity with the whole world. There are such caitiffs, and the laws have not yet provided strait waistcoats for them.
It is reported that the British government have signified a determination to concede every thing we ask—indemnity—cessation of impressment; to hang Berkeley; to restore the three citizens taken from on board the Chesapeake—to deliver up Love to be tarred and feathered—to deliver up the murderer of the American captain at Macao—to pay for the ships captured and the property on board—to leave their colonial trade open to us during the war—on condition, that we follow the path of the kings of Naples and Prussia, and the emperors of Austria and Russia—and if we refuse—COPENHAGEN! (Aurora)
WASHINGTON CITY, April 13. Mr. Hillhouse yesterday laid before the Senate sundry propositions of amendment to the constitution of the U. S. materially altering the organization of the Executive and legislative departments, by which the representatives are to be elected annually, the Senators triennially, and the President to be every three years taken from the Senators by lot. The length of these propositions obliges us to defer them until our next.
Congress.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, April 11. A message was received from the Senate, notifying that they had agreed to the report of the committee appointed on their part, to adjourn on Monday, the 25th April; that they had agreed to the amendments made in house to the bill authorizing the raising, for a limited time, an additional Military force; and that they had also agreed to the bill authorizing the transportation by mail (free of postage) of the documents lately communicated by the President.
Mr. Quincey presented a petition from sundry persons in Massachusetts, concerned in the fisheries, praying that they may be either allowed to export their fish as usual, or that the secretary of the treasury may be authorised to buy them. He then offered the following resolution: Resolved, That a committee be appointed to take into consideration the peculiar hardships and sufferings to which the citizens of the U. S. immediately interested in the fisheries, are subject by reason of the several acts laying an embargo; that the committee be instructed to inquire whether any, and if any, what relief ought to be extended to them; and that they have leave to report by bill or otherwise.
Mr. Newton moved that the petition be referred to the committee of the whole to whom was referred the report of the committee of commerce and manufactures on the petition of William Haslett and others.
Mr. D. R. Williams said if there was any thing peculiar in the case of the fishermen, they were the peculiarly favored few. Mr. Quincey insisted that they were subject to peculiar hardship. The yearly proceeds of the fish amounted to 2,804,000 dollars: the tonnage was about 70,000; and estimating one man to every ten tons, there were 7,000 men employed; dividing the sum of 2,804,000 dollars, by 7,000, and it would leave 400 dollars to each man: This was their only support, and it was entirely destroyed by the operation of the EMBARGO.
Mr. Burwell contended that the fishermen did not suffer greater hardships than some other classes of the community, and ought not to expect quarter privileges.
Mr. Quincey made some observations in reply. He said that the idea suggested some days ago by Mr. Randolph, that congress had no constitutional power to lay an EMBARGO, was worthy of the most serious attention.
There was no instance in history of a perpetual embargo. It was a new discovery.
Mr. D. R. Williams repeated, that the fishermen were peculiarly favored. In the course of his remarks he observed that if the gentleman from Massachusetts had the feelings which a gentleman could feel, he would not have charged him with prejudices to any particular class of citizens.
Mr. Quincey rose to explain, but Mr. Williams called him to order.
Mr. Lyon called him to order; he hoped such expressions would not be admitted in the house.
The Speaker said that personal reflections were contrary to the rules of the house.
Mr. Williams justified what he had said.
Mr. Quincey explained what he had meant by the word prejudices. He owed this explanation, he said, to himself, but not perhaps, to the gentleman from South Carolina.
Mr. Taylor said the word prejudices would not have had the same effect upon him on any other occasion as the present; but in the Boston Repository which came to hand on Saturday, there was a letter from some person here, charging the majority in congress with a design to ruin the trade of the country. This seemed to be a sort of introduction to the present charge.
Mr. MacCreery said there must be some mistake in this business. That letter could not have been written by the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. Quincey) as he had just stated that if the merchants were the only sufferers by the embargo he would be perfectly satisfied.
Mr. Cook spoke at length in defence of the embargo.
Mr. Sloan hoped so such time would not be wasted in talking on subjects not under consideration.
The question was taken on referring the petitions to the committee of the whole house—and carried, yeas 56, nays 26.
Mr. Poindexter, laid before the house a memorial from the Legislature of the Mississippi territory, complaining of the conduct of judge Bruin, of that territory & stating that he frequently appeared on the bench in a state of intoxication, and pledging themselves to support the charge. The memorial concludes with a resolution directing Mr. Poindexter (their delegate) to use his endeavors to have the said judge impeached.
Mr. P. then offered the following resolution: Resolved, That a committee be appointed to prepare and report articles of impeachment against Peter B. Brain, one of the judges of the superior court of the Mississippi territory; and that the committee have power to send for persons, papers and records.
On the suggestion of Messrs. Smilie and Pickett, Mr. Poindexter modified the resolution, so as to direct the committee to inquire into the expediency of impeaching judge Bruin.
The resolution was ordered to lie on the table.
The house took up the resolution from the senate, respecting the proposed adjournment. It is as follows:
Resolved by the Senate and house of representatives of the U. S. of America, in congress assembled, that the President of the senate and speaker of the house of representatives, be authorized to adjourn their respective houses on Monday the 25th of April.
The resolution was agreed to without debate.
The house again resumed the consideration of the bill to alter and establish certain post roads. After considerable discussion, the house adjourned.
THURSDAY, April 12. The House agreed to meet for the remainder of the session at 10 o'clock on each day.
Mr. Gardner's proposition for the appointment of a committee to enquire into the propriety of providing by law for an earlier meeting of Congress than usual, was taken up and agreed to, 50, to 26.
The bill for altering and establishing certain post roads was passed by yeas and nays, 71 to 31.
The House then resolved itself into a committee of the whole, 55 to 20, Mr. Desha in the chair, on the resolution offered by Mr. G. W. Campbell, declaring that the President of the United States ought in the event of certain contingencies occurring during the recess of Congress, to be authorised to suspend the operation of the embargo.
Messrs. G. W. Campbell and Johnson supported the resolution, and Mr. Randolph opposed it at considerable length.
The committee rose at about four o'clock, and obtained leave to sit again; when the House adjourned.
From the Petersburg Intelligencer.
On Tuesday morning last, the remains of JOHN D. BURK, were consigned to the grave. He had particularly desired in his will, that his body should not be interred in a church yard, and requested too that the usual religious formalities on funeral occasions, might be dispensed with. His corpse was therefore, conveyed to Cedar Grove, the seat of General Jones, in the suburbs of this town, and buried with military honors. The Volunteer companies of Artillery, Cavalry and Infantry attended the funeral, as well as a numerous concourse of citizens.
The causes which led to a misunderstanding between Mr. Cocquebert and the deceased, and which finally produced so distressing a catastrophe, were of a political nature. In a conversation at a public table, sometime during the last week, as we are told, the subject turned upon the letter of the French minister Champagny to Gen. Armstrong lately published—the deceased expressed himself with considerable warmth—reprobated the conduct of the French government towards the United States and painted in strong colors the insolence of its
minister.—Mr. C. being a native of France, conceived himself individually assaulted by the epithets applied to his nation and government—he demanded an explanation of the object of the speaker.—Very few words, however, passed between Mr. C. and the deceased—the explanation required, was not given, and the former in a few moments left the room. Soon after, a challenge was sent by Mr. C. which was accepted and early on Monday morning the parties with their seconds, met in a field adjoining town. On the first fire, Mr. C.'s pistol snapped, and the contents of Mr. B.'s were discharged ineffectually. The second fire proved decisive. Mr. C.'s ball passed through the heart of his antagonist, who expired without a word or a groan. Such is the relation which we have had of this unfortunate affair.
Departed this life on Thursday morning the 14th instant. CARTER B. HARRISON, Esq. of Mayo, on James River. He was for several years a member both of the National and State Legislatures, and possessed, in a high degree, the confidence and affection of his countrymen.
BY THE GOVERNOR of the Commonwealth of Virginia, A Proclamation.
WHEREAS it appears to the Executive from the certificate of the clerk of the district court held at Winchester, that George Keesler alias Joseph Hibber, charged with horsestealing, hath been examined by the county court of Berkeley, and that Isaac Compton, charged with Burglary, hath also been examined by the said county court of Berkeley, and by the said county court adjudged to be guilty of the offences with which they are respectively charged, and ordered to be removed to the Jail of the Winchester district court aforesaid for further trial before the said district court, but previous to their removal broke out of the Jail of the said county of Berkeley; and that the grand Jury for the Winchester district court aforesaid have found bills of indictment against the said George Keesler alias Joseph Hibber and Isaac Compton for the felonies with which they are charged: I have therefore thought fit, with the advice of the council of state to issue this proclamation, hereby offering a reward of fifty dollars for apprehending each or either of the said culprits and carrying them or either of them before some justice of the peace of this commonwealth in the county, in which they or either of them may be arrested, to be by such justice dealt with according to the provisions of the act of assembly passed the 13th of November 1792, directing the mode of proceeding against free persons charged with certain crimes: which said act also directs the mode of removing criminals from the county in which they may be arrested, to that in which the offence may have been committed. And I do moreover enjoin all officers civil and military, and exhort the good people of the commonwealth to use their best endeavors to apprehend and carry before a magistrate of the county in which they or either of them may be arrested the said George Keesler alias Joseph Hibber & Isaac Compton, to be dealt with as aforesaid.
Given under my hand with the seal of the commonwealth annexed at Richmond, this 7th day of April 1808. (Signed) WILLIAM H. CABELL.
The Subscriber, Having closed his business at the Tan Yard, HAS REMAINING ON HAND, a large parcel of well finished SLAUGHTER and
Spanish Sole Leather, among which a considerable part will answer for holsters, being light, which he offers for sale at reasonable prices on liberal credits, for approved endorsed notes. Marcus Elcan.
Partnership Dissolved. This day is dissolved by mutual consent the partnership of R. and G. Turner.
ROBERT TURNER. GEORGE TURNER. April 16, 1808. (H.)
Attention! THE court of Inquiry for the first Battalion, 19th Regiment, for the assessment of fines, incurred since the last board, will commence its sitting at the Bell tavern, in this city, on Wednesday, the 20th inst. at 10 o'clock, A. M.
The court of Inquiry for the second Battalion, 19th Regiment, will convene at the Washington tavern, in this city, for the purposes above stated, at 10 o'clock, A. M. on Thursday the 21st instant. By order of the Commandant. G. W. DIXON, Adjutant 19th Regiment, April 18, 1808. (L.)
Nicholas Hallam, A FEW DOORS ABOVE THE SWAN TAVERN, HAS FOR SALE, on equally good terms as sold in Richmond,
 360 wax and fair Calf Skins, } Philadelphia manufacture.  First quality Cossack boot legs } do. do. Long, three quarter and half, draft, calf skin and Cordovan, do.  Calf and Cordovan roundings } and binding skins.  Bridle leather, &c. &c. } Boots and Shoes. 
Nails of all kinds. Family Bacon, Butter, Cheese, Lemons and Apples. A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF
WELL CHOSEN GROCERIES. Boots and Shoes made to measures at short notice, and rips mended gratis. April 12. 1awtf
A NEW SYSTEM OF DOMESTIC COOKERY, Formed upon PRINCIPLES of Economy, and adapted to the use of Private Families.
AT A MEETING of the board of directors of the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on buildings of the state of Virginia, held Resolved, That for the greater convenience of the citizens, the following buildings, which have heretofore been only insurable in the office of this society by special contract, with the directors, may hereafter be insured on the following terms, without such special contract, to wit—
All tobacco houses, or houses in which tobacco is usually deposited or cured by planters on their farms; all houses in which tobacco is kept in a loose state, in which it is cured or manufactured, for chewing, smoking or snuffing, and all tobacco stemmeries:
If built of brick or stone and covered with tile, slate or metal at 4 p cent
If built of brick or stone and covered with wood at 6 p cent
If one story of stone or brick, or two brick or stone gable ends, and the upper story or stories of wood and covered with wood at 8 p cent
If built of wood and covered with wood 10 p cent
All houses containing, or in which are generally deposited, flax, hemp, grain in the straw, or straw of any kind, hay or fodder which shall hereafter be insured, shall pay the following rates of premiums:
If built of brick or stone and covered with tile, slate or metal at 3 p cent
If built of brick or stone and covered with wood at 4 p cent
If one story of stone or brick, or two brick or stone gable ends, and the upper story or stories of wood and covered with wood at 5 p cent
If built of wood and covered with wood 6 p cent
All which buildings shall be subject to the same additional premiums, for contingencies as other houses are subject to.
A true extract from the Journals, Teste, Lewis M. Rivallain, ch B D.
AT A MEETING of the board of directors of the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings of the State of Virginia, held at the General Office, on the 15th of March, 1808
WHEREAS, it is represented to the board of Directors, that many persons, who have heretofore been members of the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on buildings of the State of Virginia, who have ever been attached to the principles on which it is founded; but for causes no longer existing, had withdrawn from the same, are now desirous of again becoming members thereof.
Resolved, That, all such persons, still holding buildings which they have heretofore insured in this Institution, or the assignees and transferees of such insurance, shall be permitted, and they are hereby authorized to constitute themselves members thereof, upon the following terms, to wit—
That, they shall first pay into the hands of the cashier general, all such quotas and premiums with interest and costs, if any have accrued, as they had not paid at the date of their withdrawal; but which they would have been liable to have paid, had they not withdrawn; and secondly, that they shall proceed to revalue their property instantly, cause a declaration of revaluation to be made on and returned to the General Office of Insurance and pay the additional premium which may be due, if any; upon a compliance with these conditions, such persons shall be entitled to a new policy, and shall be as completely insured as if they had not withdrawn, or as if they had become members by obtaining a new declaration, and entering as new members thereby.
A true extract from the Journals, Teste, Lewis M. Rivallain, ch B D.
GUN POWDER FOR SALE, and SALT PETRE, WANTED. THE Subscribers have become partners in the GUN POWDER WORKS, in the neighborhood of this city, formerly carried on under the firm of Hugh Warden and Sons—the said firm being dissolved by mutual consent.
The partners whose firm is hereunto subscribed, will contract for a large quantity of Salt Petre, either crude or refined, of the best quality, to be delivered to them in this city, or to Mr. John Leslie or Mr. Joseph Darmstadt, merchants, who will keep samples of the gun powder made at the works and receive orders for it. Letters addressed to the subscribers in Richmond will be duly answered. They assure the public that their powder has met with general approbation, it is made glazed and clean, equal in quality to imported powder, and they will furnish it in large or small quantities of every description, according to orders which may be sent to them; it will be delivered new from the works, and on such reasonable terms as they hope will procure it a preference to powder from abroad or from other states.
As the said works have been established at considerable expense, and are superior in several respects to any in the upper country, so as to make the powder in a more perfect manner, the partners hope they will meet with that encouragement which improvement deserves from a general people.
JOHN ELLIS AND HUGH WARDEN. Richmond, 18th April, 1808. w2m
10 Dollars Reward. RUN AWAY from the subscriber in Albemarle county, near Charlottesville, on Sunday the 11th of April,
A Negro Man, named George, Dark complexion, about thirty-two years old, five feet eleven inches high, stout and well made, took with him a negro cotton coat and overalls, also, a long blue coat, a smooth furd hat, nearly new, with a large brim. One of his toes is crooked, but would not be discovered without being closely examined. I have reason to believe he is about Richmond. I will give the above reward to any person that will lodge the said negro in J. L. so that I get him again, or fifteen dollars if delivered to me in Albemarle, besides what the law allows.
Joel Terrell. Albemarle, April 13, 1808. 2w
A FEW COPIES OF TOOKES
Diversions of Purley, are for sale at this office.