The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1808-07-26 00:00:00

PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
WILL BE SOLD for Cash, on the premises, on the twenty-seventh day of August next, by virtue of a deed of trust, executed by Archibald Baird, for the purposes in said deed mentioned, a TRACT OF LAND, containing by estimation four hundred and forty-four acres and adjoining the lands of Powhatan, Bolling, deed, Amos Lepford, George Hooper, Elizabeth Clifdress, and William Mulloy.
Also a Negro Woman named Dicy, and her increase, to use the expression of said deed, which will be found on record in the county of Buckingham.
WILLIAM M. ALLEN, } Trustees. SAMUEL ALLEN, } Caira, July 16. (July 22.)
IN Richmond Hustings Court, July 11th 1808. The Court will proceed at August term next, pursuant to the act of the last session of the General Assembly, to the appointment of a CONSTABLE for this City; which is ordered to be advertised.
A Copy. Teste, TH: C. HOWARD, Clerk. (epsu)
MANCHESTER ACADEMY.—JOHN WOOD respectfully informs the Parents and Guardians of Youth, that his seminary after a short vacation is again open for the reception of students and boys. Having engaged an assistant, he purposes to devote a part of his time for the instruction of Young Ladies in the French and English Languages, Writing, Arithmetic and Geography, as also the various branches of the art of Design.
In order to exhibit to the public, the plan of instruction pursued in this Academy and the progress of the Students, J. WOOD will have an examination every four months in the Greek, Latin and French Languages, as also in the Mathematical Sciences, and those dependent upon them. At these examinations, prizes of merit will be given to one in each class. As a greater inducement however, for such students as may be desirous to acquire an extensive knowledge of the Mathematics, J. Wood offers a prize of TWO HUNDRED DOLLARS to the student, who proves himself best acquainted with Euclids and the higher branches of the Mathematics at the examination of Christmas, 1808; provided there are twenty competitors, and the prize to be increased or decreased in proportion to the number. The mode of decision to be prescribed by the majority of the candidates, who are required to enter themselves previous to Christmas 1808.
Terms of Education.—Students and Boys learning any of the Languages, or Sciences, Twelve Dollars and Fifty Cents per quarter, paid in advance. Young Ladies studying the several Branches above mentioned, Ten Dollars per quarter, in advance. Boys commencing the English Language and Writing, Ten Dollars per quarter, in advance.
Students who lodge in the Academy, pay Ten Dollars per annum in addition to their fees. N.B. Board may be had in Manchester for boys, at the rate of One Hundred Dollars per annum; and in some houses for Eighty Dollars. Students usually pay Forty Pounds. July 22. F2w4
JAMES RIVER COMPANY.—A dividend of four and an half per cent for six months, ending the 30th June will be paid to the stockholders on application to
ROBERT POLLARD Treasurer. July 12.
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN. Know Ye, That Bathurst Claiborne, of the county of Powhatan, and Mary Leigh his wife, being desirous to do equal justice to all the creditors of the said Bathurst Claiborne, as far as his estate real or personal should extend, and after effecting that just and honorable purpose, to secure the residue thereof, if any, to the family of them, the said Bathurst Claiborne and Mary Leigh, did by their Indenture, sealed with their seals, and now of record among the records of the honorable, the general court of Virginia, on the 16th day of January, 1808, convey to the subscribers, both residing in the city of Richmond, and Nathaniel H. Claiborne of the county of Franklin, what we believe to be all the estate real and personal of him, the said Bathurst Claiborne, in trust, for effecting the purposes aforesaid, agreeably to the principles in the said deed more fully set forth and explained, which we consider as the most proper which could be devised, for effecting the purposes of doing material and complete justice to all the creditors of the said Bathurst, within a reasonable time, with as little injury as the nature of the case requires, to the true interests of the said Bathurst and Mary Leigh his wife, and their family. We hereby notify to all such creditors, that the legal estate is in us, and called the said Nathaniel H. Claiborne, in the lands called Midway, lying in the county of Powhatan, and in twenty-two slaves, known by the names of Billy, Betty, Dicy, Minor, Nancy, Daniel, Violet, Arthur, Jack, Tom, Milly, Bob, Sally, Amos, Patty, Polly, Betsey, Lucinda, Billy, Joe, Phil, and Judy, with all the progeny of the females among them, from & after the date of the said Indenture, a chariot and harness, and also the personal chattels consisting of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, household and kitchen furniture, agricultural and other tools, more particularly specified in a schedule recorded with, and annexed to the said Indenture; and further, that at the same time, that we warn every person and persons, that we mean to assert our interest in, and title to the said estate, for the purposes of the trust in the said Indenture set forth, we mean also to pursue the most prompt measures for carrying the same into full and ample execution, so soon as we can discover the nature of the debts due and payable by the said Bathurst Claiborne, on the day of the date thereof, or due then, and to become payable at any day thereafter. And for these purposes, we solicit all our creditors entitled to demand payment of any such debts, to notify the same to us, with such proof of the same as they may possess, for evincing the reality and justice of their several claims as speedily as possible. W. CLAIBORNE, JOHN WARDEN. Richmond, July 8. [law4w]
BROKERAGE AND COMMISSION BUSINESS.—The subscriber respectfully offers his services to his friends and the public, in the above line of business and solicits their patronage. G. GREENHOW. Dec. 15. [oaw4w]
STRAYED or STOLEN, from the subscriber in Pittsylvania, a dark bay HORSE, inclining to a dun. He is full five feet high, and of a stout compact form. He was five years old this spring, has a star in his forehead, and one or both hind feet partly white. Whoever will bring him to the subscriber, shall receive a reward of ten dollars, if taken up on the north side of James river, and of five dollars if on the south. GEORGE TUCKER. Woodridge, Pittsylvania, July 1. (July 15) law4w
EUROPE.
THE SPEECH
OF HENRY BROUGHAM, ESQ.
Before the House of Commons, Friday, April 1, 1808, in support of the Petitions from London, Liverpool and Manchester, against the
ORDERS IN COUNCIL.
(CONTINUED.)
An attempt has been made to impute this stoppage of the trade with America, not to our Orders in Council, but to the American embargo and non-importation act; and now I entreat the attention of the house, while I endeavor to show that there is no reason whatever for imputing this failure to the American embargo. The evidence of Mr. Martin in pages 49, 50, 80 and 81, was directed to this purpose. After having explained that the orders for the spring shipments were generally as good as finished before the middle of January each year, it is only necessary for me to state, that the news of the embargo did not reach those parts of the country likely to be affected by it before the middle of January; so that the orders for the last spring shipment could never have been touched by it. Mr. Martin states, that it was previous to the 20th of the month of January, that all shipments ought to have been prepared, or orders given, and that the defalcation for the last shipment had entirely taken place before that date. That defalcation amounted nearly to the whole extent; and he leaves you to draw the inference, that it could have been owing solely to the Orders in Council. This gentleman having visited the town of Birmingham since the Orders in Council had been issued, and having inquired how the shipments there had been affected by them, he found they were doing nothing and meant to do nothing in regard to spring shipments. He was at Birmingham a fortnight before the 26th of January, when he first heard of the American embargo, and of consequence, long before it could be known in Warwickshire. Mr. Oxley tells you that from fifty hands whom he formerly employed, he was under the necessity of reducing his number, and now only employed nine or ten; and latterly had reduced his business from twelve to three or four. He adds, that such was the case with all his acquaintance and neighbors in the same employment; in short, that business was at a stand; that nothing could be done for the American market; and that no preparations for shipments could be made, which otherwise ought and would have been made previous to the 25th of January. The same gentleman also informs you that this branch of trade was entirely suspended, although the American embargo was then utterly unknown in that part of the country; and that the whole work in the West riding, for the foreign markets is at a dead stand. The testimony of Mr. James Palmer informs you that instead of paying to his workmen 200l. per week, he was under the necessity of reducing it to 50l. from November, though he only learnt the news of the embargo in January. With this short statement of that part of the case, I leave it to you, sir, to answer the question, whether it be possible, by reason or ingenuity, or even by assertion, (which has been so much more lavishly used than any thing else on the other side) to confound the effects of the American measures and our own.
I would appear, sir, that without any evidence at all, one simple consideration is enough to show in what manner the Orders in Council, crossing, as Mr. Bell aptly expressed it, the French decrees, must have ruined our commerce with foreign parts, not only interrupting our trade with America, but also cutting off that great contraband trade which used formerly to be carried on thro' the Americans between us and our enemies, softening the hardships of war, and making them fall as lightly upon us as on the enemy, on us to whom trade is every thing, as on him who, having little or none of his own, was most deeply interested in surrendering his share, could he but hope thereby to take from us ours. What does the French decree enact? That no neutral vessels shall enter the ports of France which have cleared out from an English port. Now, let us suppose your Orders in Council had never been thought of, and that this decree had been left to its fate; an American vessel sailing from this country, say from Yarmouth, arrives, say at Bordeaux. She is asked where she came from: But do you suppose that the captain, the American captain, would say he came from Yarmouth? Can we believe that the captain would tell a truth which he knew must have ruined him? Would a captain in that situation be so scrupulous in telling the truth, because a French prefect chose to ask the question for the purpose of seizing his ship and cargo. (Here there was some murmur, on the ministerial side of the house.) Sir, I am taking the very view of the American character, which the authors of the Orders in Council are the first to support. I am only presuming that the neutral flag may be guilty of covering some commercial frauds. I repeat it, the American captain would speedily have found out or created some way of making the worthy prefect not quite so sharp in his enquiries, so unwilling to be deceived. He would have landed his cargo with the same facility as formerly, both during the whole of last war, and during the present, up to the period of these decrees. But it is a very different thing indeed, when there are English Orders in Council, declaring that no American shall sail directly from America to any port in Europe, but shall come here first, and then continue the voyage—Now, the French prefect need not even put the question, whence do you come? He knows that the captain of the American vessel must have come from Yarmouth or some other British port; and were it possible for any one captain to receive him, another American captain would be stopped short, as the prefect must soon be convinced that it was impossible any considerable number of ships should thus elude our cruisers. He would say, were such an attempt now made
to deceive him, "There is a powerful British navy in existence; we have proof of it every hour, we know that it has scoured the seas of our vessels, and much more will it prevent yours from sailing. There are Orders in Council, issued by those who have this immense navy to back them.—Such Orders are not waste paper like our good Berlin decree. I know they are enforced. I know you cannot evade them." Thus would the French prefect assure himself that the American captain could not by possibility have come over direct from the United States, and this assurance would necessarily become stronger and stronger every time that an American attempted to impose upon the worthy magistrate. Is it not therefore, self-evident, that the Orders in Council, known as they have been, by every French prefect, in every port of France, in every port under the influence of France, from Hamburg to Brest, and from Brest to Carthagena, nay, to Constantinople, and understood to be rigorously executed by us, must have fully enabled those functionaries to do through you, what they could not possibly without your aid have done; to seize the American cargoes, and confiscate them and the vessels under the Berlin and other decrees? Sir, this short and summary view of the measure, even without the aid of the statement so satisfactorily set forth in the evidence before you, will, I trust, prove sufficiently decisive to entitle me to leave this branch of the argument without one further comment, and to affirm that I have completely demonstrated a proposition at first sight rather paradoxical: that England has, by her own measures, effectually, strictly, vigorously, countersigned the enemy's edict.
The house will do me the justice to recollect, that I have uniformly been treating this question as it has been made out by the evidence at your bar, and have abstained from stating any argument unless grounded upon the supposition that the Americans acquiesced in the Orders in Council. I have indeed a large case before me, were I disposed to inquire into the probability of their resisting our measures, and to prove how much more likely they are to persist in their embargo than acquiesce in your decrees, by calling witnesses to show what the effects of that embargo would be upon our trade. But I have uniformly proceeded upon the supposition that the embargo is to be revoked, and that the Americans have acquiesced in your decrees; I say, I have stuck to the proof of this proposition, that if the embargo were revoked to-morrow, and the Orders in Council still continued in force, they must be the means of ruining the commerce of the country. Now, I am to show you more distinctly how merchants are affected by that embargo, and how by the Orders in Council, independent of, and contrasted with the embargo. I am to set forth to you their apprehensions upon this supposition, to point out how it affects them in their mercantile transactions, and consequently to show you in the strictest possible mode, what effect your own measures alone will have on the trade of the country. The evidence of Mr. Bell, in pages 34 and 53, is what I particularly request the house may attend to on this point. I put the case to that gentleman; Suppose the American embargo were removed as to the continent, but not as to this country, and the Orders in Council to be revoked; and I then asked whether he would resume his exports to America? Mr. Bell, one of the greatest exporters to America in this country, & a partner of the largest Virginia house in London, states in answer, that he certainly would begin again to export in such a case to America, & to a greater extent than if the embargo were removed as to this country, and continued as to the continent. On his being asked his reason for saying so, he states, that he conceives the Americans could not pay us for more than one-third of the manufactured goods exported from this country without the market of the continent, as we consume very little of their produce ourselves. On being asked if he had written to his correspondents in America, respecting the shipments of the American produce to be sent to this country, he says that he has. To what effect has he written? He has desired that if America should think proper, notwithstanding those Orders in Council to continue her trade with this country, his correspondents should nevertheless suspend for the present all business. The reasons he states are, that the produce they would send in return would not net any thing at all—He conceives that he must even get himself into debt by paying the necessary charges. Mr. Bell has been asked, what would he do if the embargo was wholly removed, and the Orders in Council continued; he answers, that he might ship in the expectation that the embargo would be taken off; but he still desires his correspondents or customers to be ruled in their conduct solely by looking at the Orders in Council.
"Never mind the embargo," says he, "don't look to any American or French decree, but so long as you see our government persist in those Orders in Council, do nothing, stir not a step, while they continue in force." "It is these that unloose us, these that render all traffic impossible, although the Americans should be reconciled to us, allied to us, although they should become fond of this country." The reason for this being asked, it was repeated as formerly; it was the very reason which I have so often urged to you this night. In page 53, Mr. Bell was again questioned, but more particularly to this effect: "You told the house that you were a great shipper of goods to America, and were paid partly by consignments of American produce, and partly by remittances of bills to the continent on an American account; now suppose the embargo were to continue in America with respect to this country, and further, that the Orders in Council in this country were revoked, would you under these circumstances resume the shipments from this country to America?" He answers that he should resume his shipments to a great extent, were this country to permit the trade from America to the continent. What! would you resume your shipments, whether the embargo were continued or not, provided the Orders in Council are revoked? Yes, because I should get the two-thirds as before,
although the remaining one-third should be wholly stopped, or as is most likely, brought here by a circuitous channel. This intelligent witness was then questioned as follows, and I beg your attention, sir, most particularly to it: Suppose that the embargo in America were removed altogether, both as it respects the continent and as it affects this country, and suppose, that in this case the Orders in Council were continued, would you resume your shipments? "No," says Mr. Bell, "I would not." What! although the embargo were removed, & although there were nothing to frighten you in America from trading freely to that country? Certainly not, because the Orders in Council, by this supposition, are to be continued; those Orders in Council, which are established for the purpose of retaliation upon our enemy, of retorting upon him the evils of his own injustice, as the order of the 7th of January called this sort of operation, those very Orders in Council which are made for the protection of our trade, because they continue, I am cut out from all traffic. What! are you to tell us that such would be the consequences of what we, with fostering and jealous care, have been exacting for the very purpose of making your commerce sprout and flourish? Are you to tell us that those Orders in Council actually stop your trade, suddenly put an end to your commerce, mercilessly stub it up, though sent down for its protection? Most unquestionably, says this witness: if they continue, I can trade none. I may send my goods to Scotland or to Ireland or the colonies, but while these Orders continue in force, I cannot possibly trade to America; I am locked out, by our own government, by those means which it has devised in its wisdom for my benefit; in its bounty, poured down upon me to the number of some dozen and a half, and is executing with its accustomed vigour, for the encouragement of my commerce and navigation. To state what the other witnesses said upon this subject would be exactly repeating the same words; better to refer in general to those parts of the printed evidence where it is to be found, namely the evidence of Mr. Phillips, in pages 15, 19, Mr. Bell, 34, 53. Besides these, the testimonies of Mr. Glennie, Mr. Mullett and Mr. Mann, may all be referred to for the purpose of confirming this incontrovertible proposition, that but for the Orders in Council the enemy's decrees could have had no effect whatever, but to excite our ridicule, and that if even the American embargo were to be taken off, your trade would not be revived, unless these orders are at the same time repealed.
Now, sir, having finished this part of the subject, I have to request your attention to another which is by no means of small import, although it does not refer to that peculiar view, or supposition, upon which I have been arguing. I am to invite your attention to those parts of the evidence which show that the Orders in Council are really not unconnected with this same American embargo. Even if I could not have demonstrated that connexion, it would have been competent for me, at least, to have stated the effects of the embargo. It is not enough that the petitioners prove the precise grievances stated in their petitions; they may enter into details of other circumstances in their situation, which, making those grievances of which they complain the more heavy, give them a better claim for relief. But I have so much to spare that I will avail myself of no such ground. I have merely now to call your attention to that part of the proof which shows that the Orders in Council may fairly bear their share of blame in having called down upon us the American embargo.
In the second examination of Mr. Glennie, in page 66, he states, that it was a perfectly well known fact, upon the Exchange of London, amongst mercantile men, a few days before the issuing of these orders, that some strong measures would be taken by the government of the country to that effect: that this was a matter of general and confident expectation; and particularly on the Saturday before, many persons did pretend to give the details, which afterwards appeared in the gazette. So perfectly was he convinced of it, from all he heard, that on the 22d of October he wrote to several of his correspondents in America, that a strong measure was to be adopted by the government of this country, which in all probability would, in some degree, affect the trade between America, this country and the continent. He further states that these orders, when they did come forth, appeared to be pretty much of the nature that was expected. He does not say they were accurately of the nature looked for; this he could not presume to say; for the petitioners themselves tell you that they do not yet fully understand them. They only know this, that as far as they possibly can judge of their effects, they tend to ruin their trade. Neither they nor Mr. Glennie have as yet a precise and distinct knowledge of them, with all their various clashing enactments, and the multitude of alterations and retouches they have undergone. Therefore their anticipation of the measure itself could not be very distinct. It was however with safety pronounced by Mr. Glennie and other witnesses, to be much of the same nature with the measure as it eventually came out. Upon this subject, Mr. Mann, in page 58, concurs in corroborating what Mr. Glennie had stated; and mentions a set of cant phrases which were in people's mouths on the subject disrespectful to the United States, and which I will not repeat. Mr. Mullett, in page 92, tells you that many mercantile men within his own knowledge, regulated their transactions in their trade, by similar confident expectations generally entertained a few weeks before the orders came out, and communicated their feelings to him, and to their correspondents according to those apprehensions.
Now, sir, if this news, was so generally and so confidently circulated in this country, it is not surprising that it should have found its way across the Atlantic, while the intercourse still subsisted with America. Accordingly it appears from the evidence of Mr. Martin, in page 50, and Mr. Kinder, page 90, that it did so travel. Mr. Martin tells you, that on the 12th of November, he wrote a circular letter to his American correspondents,
which letter was received on the 12th or 13th of Dec. but he believed the 13th; in this he stated, "It is strongly reported that it is the intention of our government to extend the system of blockade to France, and the respective states on the continent under her influence, prohibiting from entrance into any of her ports, all vessels whatever, unless such as have last cleared out from Great Britain and her dependencies." Mr. Martin has since received advice that one of the vessels by which the circular letter went, arrived on the 12th, or not later than the 13th of December. He tells you that the act of the embargo was issued on the 22d of December. Besides this, newspapers were produced and extracts read from them, particularly by Mr. Kinder, to show the various copies circulated in America of the paragraphs which appeared in this country, stating the confident expectation of those measures in England, and describing pretty accurately what those measures were to be. One of these descriptions indeed is so accurate, that I believe there has not been, even to this hour, a much more correct general outline given to the public of the system in question than this, which thus appeared in a newspaper printed at New York, and dated the 15th of December. Again on the 14th of November, it appears that Mr. Monroe left this country, and he arrived at Philadelphia on the 14th of December on which day his secretary set out for Washington, and arrived there previous to the 17th. The New York paper to which I have alluded, stated that the "English government have not issued their proclamation declaring France and her dependencies in a state of siege, and prohibiting all intercourse with them, except directly from a British port; it not having received the signature of the king; a private letter from a member of parliament mentions that it would be published in the Gazette of the 14th." In like manner a Philadelphia newspaper says, "A proclamation is, we understand, in readiness for his majesty's signature, declaring France and all her vassal kingdoms in a state of siege, and prohibiting all intercourse with her or them; all entrance into her or their harbours, except such as had last cleared from a British port." This is an extract from a London newspaper, dated November 10, & Mr. Bell has also one of the 18th, from New-York, purporting to be an extract from a Liverpool paper of the 13th of November. It states, "An order of Council is in the Gazette of Tuesday last, declaring the whole of the ports of France, Italy and Holland, and all under the influence of France, in a state of blockade, and which will be rigorously enforced." I have stated that Mr. Monroe's secretary arrived at Washington on the 16th or 17th of December, and upon the 20th a message comes from the President to the houses of congress upon the subject of this strange intelligence. They sit for many hours and deliberate with closed doors. Upon the 22d of December, late at night, it was, and not till then, that the embargo upon American vessels was first issued as a legal measure. Here then we see, sir, that the orders in council, or something very nearly resembling them (so near indeed that when we have got the Orders themselves, we have had nothing more illustrative given us as a sketch of the spirit of them) were accurately known by the president and by the congress of the U. States of America, upon the 18th of December being three days previous to the issuing of the embargo in American ports. This is the plain matter of date and fact. If it be said that this measure of embargo was adopted suddenly (a charge which I think cannot be attributed to it) I answer that if it was to be done at all, it behoved to be done with vigour & promptitude, the very moment the government of that country perceived it was called for by the measures which we had adopted. As soon as this unexampled attack upon their navigation, and encroachment upon their privileges was known, nay, the instant that this unheard of aggression was suspected to be in our contemplation, the United States were obliged, not to resent it, indeed, for it had not yet attacked them; but at least to provide against its certain effects by some measure of precaution. Therefore I say, let it not be argued that the suddenness of this precautionary measure, a measure in its very nature sudden and applicable to an unexpected and pressing emergency, affords any ground for believing that the orders in council were not the occasion of it. It is needless for me to enter more particularly upon this part of the subject; I will only refer the House further to the testimony of Mr. Kinder, page 90, and of Mr. Martin, page 52. I have therefore some right, sir, to take it as proved that even if I had a deficiency of argument upon other points, and were obliged to found my case upon the embargo, I have so connected that embargo with the orders in council as to show that the loss sustained by our manufactures previously to that measure was entirely owing to our own orders; and were I so disposed, I might now credit the long account of our calamities with the terrible effects of the American embargo. But, Sir, as I stated before, I have unhappily too many heads of evil to show you without this additional item. I shall hereby lay it down, therefore, and take up another point grounded upon my former supposition that the orders in council are to be placed in contrast with the American embargo, not connected with it; and that no credit is to be given for any evil imputable to the latter, unless it belongs separately and distinctly to the former.
(To be concluded in our next.) The American reader well knows, that Mr. M. landed at Norfolk.—E. E.
FROM A LATE LONDON PAPER.
COMMERCIAL REPORT. According to the report of the House of Commons on the West-India trade it appears that on the 16th July, 1807, the quantity of sugar, in the warehouses at the West-India dock, and that lying on board afloat, was 225,185 cwt. The market for this article continues dull, and rum is rather flat in the market: that of Jamaica, sells at 4s. 9d. to 6s. per gallon. Coffee is lower than it has

been for a long time; ordinary sells from 54s to 70s. per cwt. and the finest sort from 51. 15s. to 61. 8s. The rigorous edicts of Bonaparte prevent the importation of this article, which would nearly bring 100 per cent. profit in the French and Dutch markets at present, were it possible to export it thither.
The market for wines, continue very high notwithstanding the arrival of six vessels from Oporto, direct, and seven vessels more are hourly expected to arrive; in all, about 8000 pipes of port wine. When those come into the market, it may make some alteration in the prices; but the quality of those wines will be very inferior to those of our last year's importations, as they principally consist of last year's vintage. There is no kind of doubt, but that the consumption of port wine has decreased in these kingdoms; and that in consequence of the excessive heavy duties laid on by Mr. Pitt, by which the revenue must have been injured, as fully appears from the quantity of wine shipped from Oporto to Great-Britain and Ireland, taken from the Oporto shipping list, published there every year; and by it, it appears that in 1804, the shipping off was 53,511 pipes of wine to Great-Britain and Ireland alone; and in 1806, only 37,902 pipes; leaving a deficiency of 15,609 pipes: Thus the people are burthened with a tax on that necessary article, without benefitting the state. To some of our readers, connected with parliamentary affairs, we would recommend the lowering of duties on all kind of wine, except French. The entire export of wines from Oporto to all countries, except those, did not exceed 500 pipes annually.
The article of hemp, usually imported from Riga and Petersburg, has risen, within a few months, from 65. up to 92. per ton; being the present price; and this article is likely to get higher, unless the cultivation of it is encouraged by our government over all the United Kingdom. In Ireland, flax-seed usually imported from New-York, Philadelphia, Boston, &c. has got to an enormous price; and if the Embargo continues in America, the linen trade of that country must be very much injured—however, we have pleasure in stating, that it is the intention of Parliament to grant a bounty to the growers of flax-seed; and this, we trust, will remedy the evil.
During the last year 6240 ships cleared the Sound duties. Of this number, 3,387 came from the North Sea; viz. 648 Danish, 654 Swedish, 142 Russian, 47 Pappenburg, 13 Hamburg, 21 Rostock, 9 Lubeck, 65 Russian, 102 American—Portuguese, and 1559 English, 2851 came from the Baltic, viz. 564 Danish, 715 Swedish, 25 Prussian, 52 Pappenburg, 12 Hamburg, 12 Oldenburg, 25 Bremen, 21 Rostock, 4 Lubeck, 54 Russian, 102 American, 22 Portuguese, and 1073 English. In 1805, 11,537 ships cleared the Sound duties.
Within the last six months, a very considerable fall has taken place in the price of copper. This is ascribed to the great success of the Ross Island mining company, at Killarney, in Ireland, where there has been raised and sent to England, during the last year, no less than 73,284 cwt. of copper ore. This is to be considered as one of the many and growing advantages resulting from the political union of the two islands.
DOMESTIC.
WASHINGTON, July 18.
Extract of a letter of 14th April, from Tangiers. "Seventeen American vessels have lately anchored at this port, from England, provided with licences to take cargoes in Spain and return. I was extremely sorry to see so many engaged in that hazardous trade—The consequences have already justified my apprehensions. Seven of them at Alicante and two at Malaga, have been detained by the Spaniards or taken by the French privateers, and I much fear but few of the others will escape sharing a like fate."
Nat. Int.
July 20.
The following is an extract from a letter dated Falmouth, May 16th— "You will have been informed of several American vessels having been condemned; and amongst them some that have been sent into this district principally in consequence of their having sailed from France after the period fixed by the order in council, and others for being bound to a port declared by the British to be in a state of blockade."
"Two vessels belonging to the United States, viz. the ship Susan and the Schooner Hope are condemned in consequence of having French government dispatches on board. I am assured this was without the knowledge of the masters, who might have destroyed these papers, had they been aware their ships would have been lost by the delivery of their letters to the captors or their agents."
"In the present gloomy situation of things, masters of ships belonging to the United States are afraid to engage for almost any voyage, being so liable to seizure & confiscation on both sides; and many have preferred returning to America to accepting any freight that was obtainable. Trade is very dull. West-Indian produce very low but flour about 63s. to 65s. per sack of 2 1/2 bushels."
This letter, with that from Tangiers published in our last, shews the extreme dangers to which our vessels are exposed, and the extraordinary game that is pursuing under the auspices of the British government. The dangers are so great as to convince every man of the necessity of the embargo; but for which scarcely an American vessel could have escaped the fangs of the British. Such as have not availed themselves of the security it offered them by a return to their own country, are rapidly passing into the hands of the British for a violation, real or pretended, of their orders, or into the hands of the continental powers for acquiring in them. We have seen a list of twenty-eight of our vessels taken into Plymouth between the 7th and 26th days of January. This shews what would have happened but for the embargo; and goes far to justify the opinion, which has been entertained, that it was the view of the authors of the orders of Council, to enforce an acquiescence in them, or generally to seize our property as an indemnity for the consequences which might have flowed from their resistance.
Nothing can be more disgraceful than the conduct of those Americans who have availed themselves of British licences, as stated in the letter from Tangiers. The Barbary powers being excepted from the operation of the orders, enables our merchants (if indeed such they can be called) to pursue this derogatory traffic—to avail themselves of a
licence, which every American must disgrace himself by accepting, to carry on a trade, the sole end of which is to benefit a power lost to all regard to our rights, and to fill their own coffers with the gains of an infamous avarice. But the information contained in the same letter shews that this spirit of unlawful gain will soon defeat itself, and that its countenance by the enemies of Britain will give it a mortal blow.
July 22.
The PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES left this city on Wednesday for Monticello. The Secretary of the Treasury has also left the city for New-York.
The government schooner Hope, captain Woodward sailed yesterday. She carries out two messengers, capt. Haley to France and Mr. Atwater to England. Capt. Haley will be landed at Havre-de-Grace, while Mr. Atwater will repair to England. On the return of capt. Haley from Paris, the Hope will sail for England, whence she will return to this place with capt. Haley and Mr. Atwater. 16.
AMERICAN GROUND.
Great-Britain relies upon commerce, for the maintenance of her government, & all its appendages. The facility of raising loans depends upon that source; and, in truth, her whole system of revenue, directly or indirectly, is bottomed upon it. She cannot exist with splendor for any long period of time, without an extensive and flourishing trade. Deluded by a fallacious view of things, and believing that the continent of Europe either could not or would not do without large supplies of colonial produce and British manufactures, even if it had to accept them by vessels direct from England; she rashly promulgated and acted upon her orders in council, and thereby rendered our flag obnoxious in all the ports of Europe, whose sovereigns are hostile to Great-Britain; and by doing so, effectually stagnated her own trade, which had before been briskly carried on, notwithstanding the war, in a circuitous and lawful manner, by our bottoms.
Thus situated, the British ministers would gladly remove all difficulties to a proper and pacific understanding, which exists between the United States and Great-Britain, were it not for certain expectations entertained upon their part. That they have been pursued from the writings and conduct of particular persons among us, that the people of this country would not submit to the embargo; that they would revolt; that there was a probability that the government might be subverted, or that a division of the Union might be effected, if the cabinet of St. James would only adhere pertinaciously to its measures; and that, at all events, the perseverance of Great-Britain in her unfriendly conduct to America could not fail of producing the most salutary effect for England in the approaching presidential election. This opinion of the British ministry is grounded upon the publications in the opposition prints, and upon Mr. Pickering's letter in particular. There is also good reason to believe, that letters have been sent to the ministerial party in England by persons in this country, advising them to yield nothing to the present American administration, and flattering them with the hope that a radical change of politics must be the consequence on this side of the water.
In these circumstances, the course of conduct to be pursued by the people of the U. States is as lucid as a ray of light. On either hand we are presented with an enemy, if we choose so to consider it—France cares very little for our friendship, as it regards herself; but values our enmity as it relates to G. B.; whilst the latter estimates our enmity as essential to her vital interests, but in the expectation of a revolution among our citizens in her favor rejects the olive branch that we have so often presented to her. Against France it becomes us to assert our dignity; against England to maintain our unity, our independence, and our character as a free people. The aggressions of France are wounding to our sense of national honour; those of the British insulting and degrading to every noble passion of our nature, because it presumes upon our want of fortitude and virtuous principles. We are a peaceable nation; we must therefore preserve a pacific posture as long as it is tenable, consistent with our interests and rights. We are also a gallant nation; we must therefore make war when peace is no longer reasonable or to be tolerated.
In any event, the embargo is a wise measure. If we refrain from war, it acts as a girth which binds our most valuable resources to the country. It will also act positively upon the enemy, by which, in due time, he must undoubtedly feel the want of our friendly offices. If we must go to war, the embargo is one of those middle measures which breaks the dreadful shock in rushing from a state of peace into a state of desperate hostilities.
The French emperor may learn hereafter, that it is of some importance to be on good terms with us; and as for Great-Britain, she will understand (I hope it may not be too late for her) that she has woefully missed a figure; and that her ministry have been the dupes of a few men in this country who are themselves deluded by a monstrous deception in politics. Europe may rely upon the fact, that six months have familiarized men's minds to the embargo; and that it is becoming more popular every day. I am not in the habit of praising my countrymen; but I will venture to say this much of them; that all attempts to induce them to rebel, all endeavours to subvert the government, to divide the Union, or to force upon them a President against their own inclinations, will be by them resisted with unbounded indignation and at the peril of their lives. Monitor.
The Editor of the Democratic Press deserves great credit for the subsequent many sacrifice of his own private wishes to the general interests of this country. It distinctly shews, how the vote of Pennsylvania will go, at the next Presidential Election.
THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.
It has been remarked by the readers of the "Press," that for some weeks I have declined any publication on the presidential election. Let it not be inferred that I have been an indifferent observer on so important a public question. With patient industry, unwearied attention, and an ardent desire to come to right conclusions, I have read all that has been published on the subject throughout the United States. I have reflected on it with seriousness and sagacity. The result, I now submit.
My opinions as to the merits and claims of
Mr. Clinton and Mr. Madison, and as to the dangerous tendency of the mode of nominating, remain as they were; and could I believe, as I have done, that there was a probable chance of Mr. Clinton's being elected by the votes of the Democratic party, he should have my ardent and zealous support. I do not so believe. On the contrary, I am thoroughly satisfied that if it were possible Mr. Clinton could succeed, it must be by the aid of the votes of the federal party, who can have no serious expectation of electing a man of their own principles. I have seen enough, and more than enough, in Pennsylvania, of the evil consequences of elections conducted on such understandings, ever to wish to see a Chief Magistrate elected by such unnatural means, as the union of the minority of the democrats with the federal party. With the consequences, deadly and destructive as they have been of the memorable election of 1805 before my eyes, I should be infatuated, criminally obstinate or corrupt, if I did not cry aloud and spare not, against such a connection.
The causes which have led to these conclusions and determinations are many. I shall state such of them as occur to my mind. A great number of respectable republican meetings in the several states have determined to support James Madison as President, and George Clinton as vice President of the United States; not a single meeting, in any district of the Union, has come to a resolution to support Mr. Clinton as President, except the late meeting of township delegates in the county of Northumberland.
That county is assuredly one of the most decidedly democratic counties in this state, and the meeting of delegates which declared in favour of Mr. Clinton, was composed of some of the most respectable men in that truly respectable county. With most of them I have long had the honor and pleasure to be in habits of personal intimacy and confidential intercourse. I know and venerate the purity of their motives and the soundness of their principles, and I am perfectly satisfied that when the evidence which is daily presenting itself to the public mind shall be presented to theirs, they cannot resist the new current of opinion which has set in favour of Mr. Madison in this state.
Next to the regular organization of public meetings for the expression of public opinion, the toasts which are drunk on national festivals, are among the best criteria to ascertain the public sentiment. I have read those drunk on the fourth of July, with care, and marked well that the same preponderance of the public mind which prevailed in favor of Mr. Madison in the calm deliberation of public bodies did, still more decidedly, influence the spontaneous effusions of the American people when commemorating their emancipation from foreign thralldom, and renewing their oaths to Freedom and Independence.
Another & a powerful means of judging as to the state of public mind is from the public journals. I have observed that, with very few exceptions indeed, the Republican papers on the continent have declared for Mr. Madison.
These are strong and impressive facts of a domestic and party nature; facts which must seriously affect every democrat who values the integrity of the party, is conscious of the advantages of union, and has no motive but principle, no object but the public good. There are also National considerations, of no light or trifling kind, which press heavily upon this subject, and cannot fail to awaken serious apprehensions. A large proportion of the republican papers which do advocate Mr. Clinton, advocate him in such a manner as must wound his feelings and excite his disappointment. I make this assertion on the firm confidence I have in the inflexible republican principles of a veteran of the Revolution. He can never lend his name to sanction arguments, the object and tendency of which are to give efficacy to federal declamation and put to hazard the peace and prosperity of the country, by obstructing the measures of a wise and virtuous government, which are honestly intended and well calculated, to correct mischief from abroad and prevent evils at home.
The Presidential election is too intimately connected with our foreign relations, not to make the following circumstances well deserving the attention of the people of the U. States.
It will not be denied, at this day, in the present state of the European and commercial worlds, and with the mass of testimony which is before us; that Foreign Nations feel greatly interested in the decision of the citizens of the United States, as to who shall be their Chief Magistrate: But if there be well grounded suspicion that any Foreign Government is attempting, either directly or indirectly, to influence the election, it would, as it ought, arouse all the proud spirit of Independence, the manliness of national feeling, and meet the determined opposition of freemen.
It is now fully ascertained that the federal merchants, the anglo-federalist and British agents in the United States, in their private circles make no scruple to avow that they would consider the failure of Mr. Madison's election as equivalent to a vote of censure on the principles and measures of the present administration of the general government. Any man, therefore, but Mr. Madison, no matter how pure, no matter how inflexible, no matter how determined, would, by them, be welcomed with hosannas, and his path strewn with flowers as the harbinger of a victory over democratic principles and democratic men.
One other fact of a solemn and alarming nature has within a few days come to my knowledge, and that in so unquestionable a shape as to leave no room upon which to hang a doubt of its truth. It is a volume of argument in favor of Mr. Madison. A British Officer in this country declared to the following purport, that he should "consider it a triumph if any other candidate than Madison were to be elected President!!"
If these solicitations and this extraordinary declaration from a British Officer, be taken in connection with the late tour of the accredited agents of the British government, through the Eastern States and the anticipated announcement in the federal papers that Mr. Rose is shortly expected to return to this country, they are abundantly sufficient to excite alarm, jealousy and apprehension, and abundant motives to induce all the lovers of the real and substantial Independence of America to rally round their government and unite as one man in a determined, animated and national exertion to defeat the machinations of a government whose inclination and endeavour it is, and ever has been, to humble the just pride and blast the freedom and happiness of the U. States.
With anxious and deliberate attention I have considered all the facts, which in the
abstract I have now offered, and which so deeply affect the public interest, the harmony and unity of the democratic party and the national honor, and independence; and I am frank to confess my decided conviction that it has become necessary for the whole democratic party cordially and faithfully, to unite in the support of James Madison as President, and George Clinton as Vice President of the United States. Such unanimity will be fatal to the aspiring hopes of the enemies of our principles at home, and convince the foreign enemies of the U. S. that they have nothing to hope from democratic differences of opinion.
New-York, July 16
The Secretary of war, we understand, is arrived in this city, for the purpose of inspecting the fortifications which are now constructing. He is making a tour through the eastern states, on the same business.
At a numerous and respectable meeting of the republican citizens of the Fourth Ward, convened agreeable to public notice, at Pierson's Tavern, in William Street, on Friday evening, July 13th, 1808. Abraham Bloodgood was chosen chairman, and Henry Fanning, secretary; when the following resolutions were read, approved, and passed unanimously:
Whereas, The critical situation of our foreign relations at the present time, requires that we should be firmly united to support the general government in the vindication of our national rights and the honor of our country; and whereas we have uniformly both in our state and presidential elections, adopted the principle of supporting the regular nomination made by a majority of the republican members of the legislature, as best calculated to insure success, and to preserve union and harmony amongst ourselves; and whereas a large majority of the republican members of congress who possess our confidence, have conformed to our uniform practice, nominated and recommended James Madison as a suitable candidate for the office of president, and George Clinton for that of vice-president of the United States, at the ensuing election; and we believing that the same to be fairly done from pure and patriotic motives, Therefore,
Resolved, As the sense of this meeting, that the said nomination is entitled to our approbation and ought to be supported by every consistent republican.
And whereas, the newspapers called the "American Citizen," and "Republican Watch Tower," published in this city by James Cheetham, instead of supporting our republican administration as formerly, have for a long time past manifested a strong hostility against the president and republican majority of congress, by publishing the unfounded charges and accusations of the federalists against them, and supporting the same unprincipled calumnies which are seen in the federal prints; all which appearing to us inconsistent with, and contrary to, the professions and conduct of a true republican editor; Therefore,
Resolved, As the sense of this meeting, that the said newspapers called the American Citizen and Republican Watch Tower, are no longer entitled to the confidence of the republicans of this state or of the United States.
Resolved, As the opinion of this meeting, that our government has adopted the most prudent measures to meet the difficulties that have been brought on us by the unprecedented acts of the belligerent powers; and that any attempt to disunite and distract the republican party (particularly at the present crisis) is highly censurable, and meriting the decided disapprobation and reprobation of every republican.
Resolved, That we will adhere to principles and to men, whatever may be their names, and consider it the inherent right of freemen publicly to meet and express their sentiments of men and measures, whenever occasion may require; and that our object in this meeting and expressing our opinions is to preserve union and integrity in the republican cause, and publicly to testify that we will support the administration of our general government, in all suitable measures to prevent the encroachments of foreign nations on the interests and lawful privileges of our country.
Resolved, That we hold sacred and inviolable the freedom of opinion and of the press; but when under the hypocritical garb of pretended republicanism, the most insidious attacks are made on our republican administration, it becomes us to remove the veil, and expose the apostate to public view in all his naked deformity.
Resolved, That the resolutions passed by the republican citizens of the seventh ward at their meeting held at Reuben Brooks's on the 1st. inst. and the resolutions passed by the republican citizens of the second ward at their meeting held at Abraham B. Martling's on the 12th. inst. meet our cordial approbation.
Resolved, That the foregoing resolutions be published in the Public Advertiser, New-York Aurora, and Mercantile Advertiser, for three weeks; and that a committee of five persons cause the same to be published in all the republican newspapers printed in this state, that our republican fellow-citizens may know our opinions on the subject to which they relate.
ABRAHAM BLOODGOOD, Chairman.
HENRY FANNING, Secretary.
Three other Wards of the city of New-York have adopted resolutions similar to the foregoing.
A letter received in this city via Philadelphia from an eminent commercial house in Liverpool, dated May 11th, has the following postscript:
"Two American vessels arrived at Gravesend on the 8th instant from Amsterdam, from which place they had run away, having (as it is understood) been informed by the house of Hope & Co. that there were decrees to condemn every neutral arriving in France and Holland after the 28th of April." N. York paper.
Hudson, (N. Y.) July 12.
On Friday last, as captain John Swift, of this city, was employed in depositing a quantity of flux in the Claverack creek, for the purpose of water-rotting it, influenced by the warmth of the season, and the agreeable temperature of the water, he plunged into the stream, to enjoy the pleasure of a cold bath. Having never been, as he says, an expert swimmer, and having wholly neglected the practice for several years past, he was immediately carried by the rapidity of the current to a deep place in the river, and there went to the bottom. Being instantly sensible of his danger, he attempted, as he rose to the surface of the water, to call for assistance to a Mr. Hutchinson, a man in his employment, who was depositing the flux at a small distance below him. But as he was in a measure strangled, he failed to excite the attention of Hutchinson, and again went to the bottom. As he rose the second time, he found himself too much exhausted to attempt calling for help, and went down the third time. All hopes of preserving his life now vanished, and he prepared to meet his fate. Just at this critical moment, a large dog belonging to the captain, seeing his master in distress, leapt into the stream, and swam to the place where he last disappeared.
As he rose again, he was so fortunate as to lay hold of his dog. He was immediately brought to the shore, supported as he supported by his friend Hutchinson; but how great
must have been his astonishment and gratitude when he found that he had been preserved from a watery grave, not by the friendly arm of a fellow creature, but under the merciful providence, by the wonderful sagacity of his faithful dog!...Balance.
PHILADELPHIA, July 18.
CEDAR WARD.
At a meeting of the democratic citizens of Cedar Ward, at the house of Michael Hickey, on the 13th day of July, 1808, agreeably to public notice.
JAMES STUART, was unanimously appointed Chairman, and
TENCH COXE, was unanimously appointed Secretary.
It was, on motion, resolved, That a committee of five persons be appointed, to meet the committees of the other wards in general meeting, upon the subject of the ensuing elections. The following citizens were duly elected.
CHARLES JOHNSON, ALPHOSO C. IRELAND, GEORGE SUMMERS, JOHN COOPER, BENJAMIN LYNDALE.
Resolved, unanimously, That the citizens of this ward have the greatest confidence in the virtue and talents of JAMES MADISON, the democratic candidate for the presidency of the United States, and of GEO: CLINTON, the democratic candidate for the vice presidency of the United States, and that we consider them fully qualified to exercise the highest offices, the suffrages of the American people can bestow upon them.
Resolved, unanimously, That we highly approve of the nomination made at Lancaster, by our representatives, in convention assembled, of the honest and enlightened SIMON SNYDER, for the office of governor, and we pledge ourselves to use all fair and upright means, in his support, at the ensuing election.
Resolved, unanimously, That we consider the embargoes to be both just & wise, as we thereby avoid war with all its concomitant horrors; and by pursuing the dignified policy of withdrawing, for a time, from the ocean, until the powers of Europe find it their interest to do us justice, we establish American Manufactures, and render ourselves a truly independent and flourishing nation.
Resolved, That the proceedings of the meeting be published, with the signatures of the chairman and secretary.
JAMES STUART, Chairman.
TENCH COXE, Secretary.
July 19.
From the latest arrivals at this port from St. Croix and St. Kitts, we cannot collect a single article of ship news, several American vessels from different parts of the United States with cargoes of flour, fish &c. had arrived at these Islands in violation of the Embargo law, but their names were taken off their sterns, and their captains and crews refused to tell either their own or their vessels names, though several of the people were personally known to those who arrived here. However there was probably a request, not to have their names published in this place....True Amer.
From the Aurora.
As many of our readers may wish to have a key to the character of the principal British newspapers published in England—we give the following from memory:
  Ministerial papers. Anti Ministerial.   Courier, daily Morn. Chronicle.   Morning Post, do. Independent Whig   Times, do. do. Globe.   Sun, do. Statesman,   True Briton, do. Neutral.   London Packet, 3. Star.   Morning Herald, St Jas. Chronicle 
AMERICAN UNIFORM.
The secretary at war has issued a public notice to the officers of the additional regular troops that the following is the uniform by which they are to be distinguished.
THE LIGHT ARTILLERY to be similar to that of the old regiment of artillery now in service with the following exceptions. The coats to be nine inches shorter in the skirts, and leather caps instead of hats, with blue feathers, tip with red.
THE LIGHT DRAGOONS—a deep blue coatee, or jacket with blue facings, cuffs, & collars, trimmed with white; blue pantaloons, seams edged with white, white waistcoats and leather caps or helmets, with blue feathers tip with white.
THE INFANTRY uniform will not differ from that of the old regiments now in service, excepting the figure on the buttons, which will designate the number of the regiment.
THE RIFLE REGIMENT in addition to the summer dress, (which will be a rifle frock and linen pantaloons,) will be a coatee and pantaloons, of bright green cloth. The coat with skirts of 11 inches from the hip button; the facings, cuffs and collars to be black trimmed with yellow; the seams of pantaloons edged with yellow; white waistcoats and light leather caps, with green feathers tip with black. The feathers of privates not to exceed ten inches....Aurora.
BURLINGTON, (Ver.) July 1.
A detachment of 16 soldiers from Springfield, under the command of Lieut. Bennett, arrived in this town on Friday last, with two brass six pounders and a quantity of ammunition. They embarked on board a sloop the next morning for Windmill point. Orders have been issued to capt. Lamb of Montpelier, for recruiting 100 men, to be stationed at the line.
CHARLESTON, July 6.
Letters have been received in this town, from France, stating, that the return of Mr. Rose, to Great-Britain, had produced the greatest rejoicings in Paris. It was very confidently asserted, and believed, that the decrees of Bonaparte, so destructive to our commerce, would be rescinded....Courier.
The certificates obtained by merchants in '97 and '98, for trading to the French and English Islands in the West Indies, were merely documents to prove the ports of destination; if for French ports, to protect the vessels so destined, from being molested by French cruizers; if for English ports, from English cruizers. They differed widely from the present licences granted in England, which are a complete renunciation of American sovereignty by Americans, seeking foreign protections to gain admission into an enemy's port. In 1793, merchants were in the habit of clearing out their vessels for one port when destined for another; hence it becomes necessary for a neutral bound to an English or French port, to have other evidence than a custom house clearance, to verify their ports of destination. The consuls of the nation to which port of destination belonged granted these certificates. But

the certificates now granted in England, require British cruisers to let American vessels bound to the ports of nations at war with England, having the produce of manufactures of Great Britain on board, to pass unmolested; and for this certificate, by abandoning the protection of the American government, and asking protection from Great Britain, Americans are obliged to pay a tax of more than 20 guineas to Great Britain; but say the federalists, "millions for defence, not a cent for tribute." Balt. Amer.
Extract of a letter from Antigua, dated June 20, 1808.
"We have had favorable supplies of corn, flour and fish from the Western Islands, and by accident from the U. States; several cargoes are yet unsold. It appears the longer the embargo continues, the less we feel the want of provisions, and in our last papers Antigua corn was advertised for sale at 22s 6d per barrel. The planters have prospects of a good crop of that article, and when there is a sufficiency of corn and such large supplies of fish from Halifax, we cannot starve."
THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, JULY 26, 1808.
IN COUNCIL, June 28th, 1808. WHEREAS various reports have been publicly circulated, alleging that the arms made at the Virginia Manufactory of Arms are in many essential points of view defective and unfit for use, and particularly that the said arms are so liable to burst as that the ordinary use of them is unsafe; and whereas such an evil, if it exist, requires an immediate remedy, and if those reports are calumnious, justice to the officers who superintend and conduct that institution, and justice to our Country, forbid that prejudices such as those reports have excited, should longer be imposed upon the public mind against those officers and consequently against the character of the institution itself, and it being the bounden duty of the executive to provide the remedy or publish the vindication proper as may be—
It is therefore unanimously advised, that the Governor request the following Gentlemen, to wit, General James Wood, Colonels Edward Carrington and Robert Gamble, and Majors Joseph Scott, James Gibson, John Ambler and William Wirt, or any three of them to attend at the Armory, at such time or times, as may suit their own convenience, to cause to be proved under their inspection, and in such manner as they, in their judgments, shall prefer, and moreover critically to examine by taking to pieces and inspecting their component parts, so many of the Arms there manufactured as may be sufficient to make a fair experiment, and correctly to ascertain the quality of the said arms generally, also to make an accurate comparison of the said arms with the arms now in our possession, made at other manufactories, foreign and domestic, to wit the French Arms, Wheeler's, Mc. Cormick's, Miles's, Haslett's, and the British Tower Guns, by inspecting, examining and proving, in like manner, and with the same proof an equal number of each of the said several sorts of arms; and report to the Executive the result of their several examinations and proofs aforesaid; for which purpose it is advised that the Superintendent of the Manufactory of Arms be directed to cause such a quantity of Balls to be moulded, as the said Gentlemen or any three of them shall require to be employed in the said proofs; to attend them when they request it; and to notify to the Governor the time when the inspections and proofs are to be commenced in conformity with the Advice.
Extract from the Journals. DANIEL L. HYLTON, Clerk of the Council.
IN COUNCIL, July 23d, 1808. The Governor laid before the Board a Report of the gentlemen appointed to prove and examine the Arms at the Armory, by the advice of Council, dated June 28th, 1808, which report was read and attentively considered; and is as follows:
"Pursuant to a request of his excellency, the Governor of Virginia, with the advice of Council, we the undersigned have attended for several days, from the 29th of June to the 2d instant inclusive, at the Public Armory, and had proven, under our immediate inspection, agreeably to the mode, and with the same proportions of powder and ball, as appear by the communications of the Secretary of War, to be now in practice in the Armories of the United States, parts of the public arms now on hand in Richmond, as exhibited in the annexed tables A and B, showing the results thereof; also in another mode, other sets of certain arms appearing by table C.
"The several parcels of Muskets were taken in our presence, and according to our directions, from the several deposits, indiscriminately: The Muskets of the three first years' make, we consider as rather light in the barrel, having been made, as we are informed, to bear a degree of proof, then in practice in the principal Armory of the U. States at Springfield. But the manner in which they have now stood the increased degree of proof since adopted, shows that they may be relied upon as good arms, except as to these made in 1804. It will be seen by the Tables, that every parcel tried of that year's make have failed more considerably than any others, which we attribute to two causes. 1st. They are lighter in the barrel than even those in the preceding years. 2dly. We think it probable, that the Iron is of more brittle quality; and although we have no reason to doubt their standing the proof in practice, when they were made, as well as that they might safely be used in service; yet as it is essential that full confidence be felt in the arms placed in the hands of Soldiers, we beg leave to suggest the propriety of recalling to the Armory, all those of that year's make, now out, subjecting them in detail to the proof now in practice; and ascertaining by actual trial, those that may be confided in. The reason given by Major Clarke (the Superintendent) for the arms of 1804 being more light than those of Anterior dates, is, that he found they could be made so much lighter and yet bear the proof then required at Springfield; and he deemed it an object to have them as light as they could with safety be made. Since the year 1804, the improvements in every part of the Musket are obvious; and those manufactured in 1807 and 1808, considering the proportions of the barrel and great improvement in the lock, we deem superior to the British Tower Muskets, or any other now in use. Upon the whole, we are of opinion, that the arms of the Virginia Manufactory (except as to
those of 1804) upon a critical examination and comparison with those imported, and others purchased from factories within the U. States, have a decided preference. The barrels, upon the proof we have given them, having been found generally at least equal, and those of 1807, and 1808 superior; and the locks in all, are in our opinion, in every part, decidedly better.
"It is probable that many of the failures complained of in the Muskets which have been distributed, may have arisen from excessive and unusual modes of proof; for the strongest & best Musket that ever was made, may be charged with an unreasonable quantity of powder, and hard ramming of the ball, so as to burst, as appears by the trials in the table C, where it may be seen that even the Tower Muskets were not equal to the shock. We further beg leave to observe that frequent provings, even with proper proportions, should be avoided, as every trial so much beyond the usual charge for service, has an injurious effect on the barrel, and will eventually cause it to burst, although at first of the best description.
"In further pursuance of the request of the Executive, we, with much deference, offer the following observations:
"1st. In making good barrels, much depends on the quality of the iron, which ought to be chosen with great caution. If hard and brittle, it is not likely to stand the proof lately adopted; if soft and malleable, it will stand every proper degree of proof. In the choice of iron, we have no reason to believe there has been any mistake in the Virginia Manufactory except as to the arms of 1804.
"2dly. Very long bayonets will probably be found inconvenient in service. They will be much in the way in movements thro' woody Countries, and under attack, are more easily parried and passed, than those of more moderate length. Would it not be well to conform to the length of bayonets most generally made in the factories of the United States?
"3dly. The pistols made in the Manufactory are, we think, well executed, but too large: An uniformity of arms of every class throughout the United States, for which ammunition is to be prepared, is very important; as suitable supplies on all occasions, and in all situations, are thereby rendered the more certain. We conceive it would be well to obtain from the Secretary of War a pistol and a bayonet as Samples. The calibers of the Muskets are already nearly conformable in size to those of the United States, and being but a very small degree larger, cartridges of the United States' laboratories will never be found inconvenient for them.
"4th. We have every reason to believe the Swords manufactured, from the mode in which they are tried, before polished, and from the trials we saw made of some of them, are to be relied upon as of good quality; but we beg leave to suggest the propriety of differences of size and weight, so as to be suited to the different sizes and strength of the men, who are to use them. We prefer the pattern lately received.
"Before we dismiss the subject, we feel it a public duty, as well as doing an act of common justice to the Superintendent and officers employed in the Armory, to state our own impressions as to the mode of conducting the business of the institution. We consider the Machinery as well calculated to save manual labour, and that it has been executed in a style which does honour to the projector; That the divisions of labour are judicious and proper; They not only tend to great savings in the expence, but to the exact uniformity, of all the component parts of the musket and pistol. As far as we have been able to judge from our own observations, we have discovered great zeal, capability, activity and industry as well in the Superintendent as in the other officers employed. We have received much satisfaction in the opportunity this occasion has afforded us of becoming acquainted with the interior of this Institution. Could it be supported by funds adequate to its capacities, and continue to be conducted by the abilities now employed, we see no reason to doubt that upon a judicious application of the product, every purpose of the State may in a few years be accomplished, and that further advantages may arise by sales of arms to other States.
JAMES WOOD, EDWARD CARRINGTON, ROBERT GAMBLE, JOSEPH SCOTT, JAMES GIBSON, and JOHN AMBLER.
TABLE A.
DESCRIPTION OF ARMS. 1st Trial. 2nd Trial. No. Fired. No. Burst. No. Fired. No. Burst. French, British, Wheeler's, Miles's, McCormick's, Haslett's, Armory of 1802, 20, 1 17, 1 1802, 20, 1 17, 1 1803, 20, 1 17, 1 1803, 20, 1 17, 1 1804, 20, 1 17, 1 1804, 20, 1 17, 1 1805, 20, 1 17, 1 1805, 20, 1 17, 1 On the 2d trial 1 was missing accidentally. 1806, 20, 1 18, 1 1807, 20, 1 20, 0 1808, 20, 1 20, 0
REMARKS.
The first trial was made with 1-18th part of a pound of powder, and ball at gave 14 and a 1/2 to the pound. The powder was London double FF. 2 grains weight of which, propelled a weight of 25 1/2 ounces to the height of 8 inches perpendicular—except as to the arms marked thus, which from the size of the caliber, had 1-18th of powder, and balls 10 and 1/2, and those marked thus 12 and 1/2 to the pound.
The second trial, the powder the same—but the quantity was 1-21st of a pound, to a ball of 14 and 1/2 to the pound—except that those marked thus, had 1-18th of powder and ball to them, as well as to the same in the first trial.
TABLE B.
DESCRIPTION OF ARMS. 1st Trial. 2nd Trial. No. Fired. No. Burst. No. Fired. No. Burst. Armory Arms, etc. 1802, 20, 20 20, 0 1802, 20, 20 20, 0 1803, 20, 20 20, 0 1803, 20, 20 20, 0 1804, 20, 15 5, 1 1804, 20, 15 5, 1 1805, 20, 20 20, 0 1805, 20, 20 20, 0 1806, 20, 20 20, 0 1806, 20, 20 20, 0 1807, 20, 20 20, 0 1807, 20, 20 20, 0 1808, 20, 20 20, 0 1808, 20, 20 20, 0
REMARKS. This trial was made with the same powder and in the same quantities of powder and ball, as in the first trial of table A. The arms were a recent selection; and the object was to ascertain whether the failure in those of 1804, upon the first trial, had been accidental, or might probably be ascribed to general defect in the arms of that year.
TABLE C.
DESCRIPTION OF ARMS. 1st Trial. 2nd Trial. No. Fired. No. Burst. No. Fired. No. Burst. French, British, Wheeler's, Miles's, McCormick's, Haslett's 1802, 20, 1 17, 1 1802, 20, 1 17, 1 1803, 20, 1 17, 1 1803, 20, 1 17, 1 1804, 20, 1 17, 1 1804, 20, 1 17, 1 1805, 20, 1 17, 1 1805, 20, 1 17, 1 1806, 20, 1 17, 1 1806, 20, 1 17, 1 1807, 20, 1 17, 1 1807, 20, 1 17, 1 1808, 20, 1 17, 1 1808, 20, 1 17, 1
REMARKS.
The trials in this table were made on newly selected arms, with Brandy Wine FF powder, 3 grains stronger upon the proof than the London FF the quantity 1-18th of a pound, and lead as to form down with force, except as to the arms marked thus, which had 1-18th of powder, and in those thus, the balls were d own to the easier than in the others. In the second trial, the powder was the same—but the quantities of that, as well as of lead, conformed to the second trial of table A. These trials were made by particular desire of the Executive, upon the foreign arms, and those purchased from other factories within the United States, according to the mode to which the Armory arms had been subjected at Norfolk, for the purpose of showing the natural effect of such extensive proof upon arms, which is presumably not to be put to sufficient proof, when made. The result is plain. Several parcels of sale powders collected in Richmond, were tried on the proof, by which the propositions of the weight were different from 3 to 6 inches only, which showed that the London FF used by the committee, was much stronger than the powders in general use.
Richmond, July 22d, 1808.
Whereupon it is advised, in conformity with the recommendations expressed in the said report that all the Muskets manufactured in the year 1804, which have been distributed among the Militia, be called in, and deposited at the Armory for further proof; that the Superintendent be instructed to vary the sizes & weights of the swords, hereafter to be manufactured, in such manner as to suit them to the size and strength of different men, adhering however in the forms thereof to the pattern at present in use; that the changes proposed in the length of the bayonets and pistols be postponed, until the Secretary of War of the United States shall have been consulted on the subject; and that the mode of proving Muskets mentioned in the letter of the said Secretary, bearing date the 15th day of March 1808, be hereafter strictly conformed to. It is also advised, that the Governor be requested to present the respectful thanks of the Executive to the said gentlemen for their patriotic services in carrying into effect the above mentioned advice of Council; and that the said advice, together with the Report aforesaid, and the present advice relative thereto, be immediately published for the general information of the people of this commonwealth.
Extract from the Journal. DANIEL L. HYLTON, Clerk of the Council.
It is hoped, that the Report respecting the Armory, will contribute to silence those injurious reports, which have been so industriously circulated about that institution. The experiments were conducted in the most fair and conclusive manner. The Committee consists of disinterested men who have not the slightest interest in deceiving the public; most of them men who served in the revolutionary war, and are well versed in the temper of arms. With a patience, which does them the highest honor, they executed the commission which had been assigned them. In spite of the intense heat of the climate, in spite of the dust and fatigue, they stood at their post during four days, and traced every thing with a minuteness and care, which defied error or deception. The Governor, with a vigilance and zeal equally meritorious, pursued them thro' all their labours. And what is the result of all these cautious and tedious experiments? That the "arms of the Virginia Manufactory (except as to those of 1804) have a decided preference" over those which are "imported, and others purchased from factories within the United States." Let ignorance and clamour, be hushed! The day which produced this distinguished compliment, is a proud one to the institution, and must be a proud one to its ingenious superintendent.
We are happy to see that the Foundry is in a state of rapid progress. It is understood that exertions are making to put it into such a state of forwardness, as that a piece of artillery may be cast, turned and bored, for the inspection of the next Legislature of Virginia. To the bosoms of its friends, the sound of this ordinance will impart a rich reward for all the cares and exertions, which they have devoted to this noble institution, "the ornament & pride of Virginia."
A Writer who has attacked the Richmond manufacturing Association in the last Argus, has erred in three material points.
1st. He seems to forget, that this plan is to go into operation with a capital of $75,000 only. It is true that the nominal capital is stated at $500,000; but the just view of the subject is this: The effective capital is $75,000 with the power of enlarging it to $500,000, if circumstances demand it. In the present infant state of the arts in Virginia, it is impossible to ascertain with any precision the quantity of capital required for this purpose; hence there is an important benefit in leaving the sum to be regulated by the circumstances of the times. The institution will almost certainly obtain a capital of $75,000. If individuals should discover, that this business is more lucrative than they originally supposed, the right is reserved to them of subsequently coming in to the amount of $500,000.
2nd. Manufactures in this country are not productive of the evils which this writer portrays. The workman will never become the slave of his employer, because the abundance of land so readily supplies the means of subsistence. The same consideration will relax the tyranny & soften the austerity of his employer. Besides, let those evils be even as great as are represented, the writer seems to forget the evils which these institutions annihilate. Is it not better that a few manufacturers should be the slaves of their employers, than that the United States
should purchase the manufactures of Europe at the price of the independence and honor of the nation?
3rd. It is impossible that this "manufactory will make more than we want." Cloth cannot "become dog cheap ." Are not immense numbers to be supplied with cloths, particularly thick woollen clothes for the winter? Is there one fulling mill within our reach? Besides clothes for the whites & negroes, are not Blankets, Carpets, tickings &c. &c. besides an immense number of other manufactures entitled to our notice? Is not the single circumstance of introducing the new species of spinning and carding machines, which would so cheaply supply rolls and threads to the country looms alone sufficient not only to allay the prejudices, but to draw the affections of the inhabitants of the country towards this proposed association?
The citizens of Albemarle county convened at Charlottesville to celebrate the 4th of July—The Declaration of American Independence was read to a large assembly in the Court House—At three o'clock the company animated by the presence of many of the most accomplished Ladies of the county, sat down to a handsome barbecue provided by Mr. Elijah Gath. After dinner, on the retiring of the Ladies, the Gentlemen drank the following TOASTS in the republican liquors of their own country.
1. The 4th of July 76—May the principles it consecrated animate us in every crisis to defend the blessings it bequeathed. 2. The People; the only legitimate source of power—May they ever be aware of those insidious friends, who would protect them from their "worst enemies, themselves." 3. The Constitution of the U. S.—The solar central point of the Federal system; may its mild and benificent attraction harmonise in their respective orbits the planets that compose it. 4. America—The world's best hope; the last asylum of persecuted freedom. She has strangled serpents in her cradle—she need not fear their hisses now. 5. Virginia—In the war of the revolution she led the van—In the dark period of the reign of terror, she fanned the decaying flame, and cheered the drooping sons of freedom—She will never tarnish the lustre of her fame. 6. George Washington—His meritorious services will consecrate to his memory the "fairest page in the volume of faithful history." 7. The President of the United States—Useful and illustrious; the consciousness of having faithfully devoted his best efforts to his country's service, will constitute the happiness of his retirement. 8. The Judiciary of our State—Wise, republican and independent—A shield to the virtuous and a terror to evil doers. 9. The Governor of Virginia—May his country remember his services, and his successors emulate his virtues. 10. Wilson C. Nicholas, our representative in Congress—Wisdom to discern, and firmness and independence to pursue the best interests of his country. 11. The Embargo—A weapon of more effective hostility than the cannon and the sword—It promises the advantages of war, without its waste of blood and treasure. 12. The Manufacturing spirit now moving over the face of our land—May it grow strong, may it be general and permanent; then shall we be indeed an independent nation. 13. The Patriots of 76—Should their descendants be called upon to defend the independence they established, their spirit will support, and their example will animate and inspire them. 14. The Militia—The rights of the nation are their rights; they will know how to defend them. The best source of political reformation—the scourge of those who would destroy, and the support of those who cherish true republicanism. 15. The freedom of the Press. 16. The Minority in Congress, and the friends of that minority—"Monuments of the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated, where reason is left free to combat it." 17. The state of Massachusetts—A caution against the security, and a call upon the vigilance of republicanism.
VOLUNTEERS.
By Mr. P. Carr. James Monroe—the honest patriot and able statesman—he may have mistaken—he never could abandon the interests of his country.
By Mr. Benjamin Brown. James Madison—the sage and patriot.
The whole was conducted with the utmost harmony and good humor; and an emulation to promote the mirth and conviviality suited to the day, seemed the prevailing sentiment of every member present.
COMMUNICATIONS.
AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE VIRGINIAN.
SIR, Your remarks of the 24th of June, accompanied by a re-publication of the communication by an anonymous author, dated Scottsburg, June 1808, originally published by the Enquirer of June 16th, calling the attention of the good people of this commonwealth, inviting their compassion and charity towards the author; has drawn my attention, and excited my compassion and charity, but not to that author, believing the spirit of the communication to have been perfectly correct. If I am not mistaken who the author is, it is in my sincere belief that the charge of falsehood or folly applies as little to him as most men deemed the best in our country.
Please sir, accept and make any use you think proper of my observations on the occurrences of the meeting spoken of in that communication.
There was, some time early in June last, a respectable meeting of the people of Halifax, not short of one hundred, under the influence of notices circulated at the instance of genl John B. Scott, col. B. Green and myself, inviting the attention of the citizens of the county generally, to the adoption of some mode by machinery, to facilitate carding and spinning of wool and cotton. After having collected at the courthouse, genl John B. Scott proposed a plan in writing, by which a manufacturing society should be formed, governed &c. taken materially from that of the Petersburg society. The principle and expediency of which met as general approbation as any thing I had ever been offered to public view; Opposed by no person present within my view or hearing, but Mr. William B. Banks and Mr. William Leigh; and as I understood them, upon principle as well as upon the ground of inexpediency, much to my surprise. Both of them have ever been and continue high in my respect, and in habits of perfect intimacy. I therefore was sorry to meet their opposition in a scheme so highly interesting to individual convenience, and national independence at a crisis like the present.
Mr. William B. Banks, Mr. William Leigh and Mr. Thomas Clark, were the only persons present within my knowledge, who were opposed to the election of Mr. James Madison as succeeding president; nor do I suspect there were many, if any others present, of similar impressions.
I am, Sir,
Respectfully, yours, &c.
GEO. CARRINGTON. Halifax, July 9th, 1808.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE ENQUIRER.
DEAR SIR, The Virginian of the 24th of June, was a few days ago put into my hands by a friend, in which I noticed a re-publication of my communication to you, and which you published on the
16th of June. I wrote to genl Carrington, and to other gentlemen who were at the meeting, requesting them to give me their impressions as to the truth or falsehood of that communication, with the liberty of publishing.
Yesterday genl Carrington gave me the foregoing address to the Virginian, and desired me to send a copy to you for publication. The next mail will probably furnish you with many corroborating statements. The Virginian does me great injustice, in supposing that my communication was designed to have an improper bearing on col. Monroe. I have too high a sense of the worth of that gentleman's character, to say or do any thing which shall detract from it—but we can have but one president, and I prefer Mr. Madison. If we should be driven into a war, who can concentrate the affections and coöperation of an American army in the field, like col. Monroe as their General?
I can announce to you with much satisfaction, that the Halifax manufacturing society had a meeting yesterday. All the shares being subscribed for except between fifty and a hundred, they proceeded to the election of the necessary officers, and it is now fully organized. The proceedings will be sent by the next mail for publication. The opposition of
notwithstanding.
The author of the Scottish communication, ALIAS JOHN B. SCOTT.
The discussion of the constitutional question, pursued in the last Argus, is reserved for our next.
ERRATA. In the Enquirer of the 19th inst. in Mr. Archer's Oration—2d page, 3d column and 41st line, for "an inadequate resentment of unparadisable iniquity & wrong" read—"an inadequate resentment of unparalleled indignity and wrong. "
COMMUNICATION.
Departed this life on the 19th inst. after a short but severe illness, Mr. Robert P. Guerrant, eldest son of General John Guerrant of Goodland. Alas! this truly amiable young man is taken from us in the bloom of youth—In him his parents have lost a dutiful and affectionate son, and by this cruel stroke of death, society must ever lament the loss of him who bid fair to have been one of its brightest ornaments. Oh! How inscrutable are the eternal decrees of God. "Afflictions from his sovereign hand" "Are blessings in disguise."
JUST PUBLISHED,
AND FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE, THE THREE NO'S OF "ONE OF THE PEOPLE." (In a small Pamphlet.) JULY 22, 1808.
CASH SALES. —To be sold for ready money at the front door of the Eagle Tavern in the City of Richmond, on Thursday the fifteenth day of September next (1808) in pursuance of a deed of trust from David Ross, Esq. bearing date on the 26th day of May, 1807, and recorded in the General Court, all that Estate and tract of Land in the county of Fluvanna at the confluence of the South and North rivers, containing by estimation five thousand seven hundred and nine acres, be the same more or less, and bounded by the antient meets and boundaries thereof, being the same Land, and the whole thereof formerly the property of Walter King, granted to the said David Ross by letters patent, signed and sealed by the Governor of Virginia, as will more fully and satisfactorily appear by referring to the records of the Land Office, or so much thereof as will pay the following sums of money

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, ON THE SUBJECT OF PUBLIC ROADS & CANALS, Made in pursuance of a resolution of Senate of March 2.
South of the Potomac, few artificial roads have been undertaken. From Alexandria one is now progressing in a northwesterly direction towards Middleburgh.
The greater progress made in the improvement of roads in the Northern parts of the union, must be principally ascribed to a more compact population, which renders those improvements more necessary, and at the same time supplies with greater facility the means of effecting them.
In the Eastern states, and particularly in Massachusetts, wooden bridges uniting boldness to elegance, and having no defect but want of durability, have been erected over the broadest and deepest rivers.
The general principles of improved roads seem to be: 1st. The reduction of hills by diminishing the angle of ascent, which ought not to exceed, whenever practicable, 3 degrees and a half, and under no circumstances 5 degrees.
The roads heretofore made may be divided into three general classes. 1. Those where the only improvement consists in the reduction of hills, and in the convexity and ditches of the road, whereby the angle of ascent is rendered more easy, and standing water excluded.
2. Roads prepared as above, of a reduced breadth and covered with a thin coat of gravel not more than six or nine inches thick.
3. The artificial roads of the best construction, such as have been already described. These when not exceeding 22 feet in breadth, and except in the vicinity of large cities, will cost at the rate of 7,000 dollars a mile, exclusively of bridges over large rivers.
tern rivers have already been mentioned under that head; and the improvement of the water communication between the North river and the great lakes ought to take the precedence of any other in that direction.
That road which, therefore, seems exclusively to claim public attention, is a great turnpike extending from Maine to Georgia in the general direction of the sea coast and main post road, and passing through all the principal sea ports.
The distance will be roughly estimated at 1,600 miles; and from what has been stated on the subject of roads generally, it may be inferred that the greatest part of the road being intended almost exclusively for travelling, and not for transportation of heavy articles, the expense cannot exceed the rate of 3,000 dollars a mile.
(To be Continued.)
MISCELLANY.
[From a London paper.]
PHILANTHROPY. Late on Wednesday night in the house of lords, the reiterated attack on the late ministers for their order of the 5th January, 1807, which the present ministers still insist occasioned their orders in council, was again made by the lord chancellor, who was answered by lord Erskine in a most powerful and unanswerable speech, at great length.
It was fit, said lord Erskine, that this circumnavigator of charity should have received his being in that country which had been the instrument of Providence in her circumnavigation of the earth.
From the Connecticut Herald July 12. Several notices have appeared in the American newspapers of the late discovery in chemistry by Professor Davy of the Royal Institution in London.
"I lately received a letter from Sir Charles Blagden, of London, in which he gives an account of an important chemical discovery, which Mr. Davy has recently made. This indelible professor has, by means of Volta's galvanic pile, discovered the bases of potash and soda."
"The French chemists with eagerness caught this intelligence, repeated the necessary experiments, and found a result similar to that of Mr. Davy. The discovery of this new link in the chain of physical science, was for some time the principal topic of conversation among the Savans of Paris."
Much is expected from their constant and well directed labors, and indeed it is generally believed here, that this discovery will gradually lead to others of equal and perhaps superior importance.
(BY AUTHORITY.)
LAW OF THE UNITED STATES.
AN ACT Authorising the sale of public arms.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby authorized to cause to be sold to individual states, which may wish to purchase any arms now owned by the United States, and which may be parted with without injury to the public.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives. GEO: CLINTON, Vice-President of the United States, and president of the Senate. APRIL 1, 1808. APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
VINEGAR—A few casks of good Pickling and Table Vinegar, FOR SALE BY D. J. BURR. [2m]
NOTICE—All persons having claims against the estate of Adam Craig, deceased, are requested to make them known, to the subscriber; and all those who are indebted to the estate are solicited to make immediate payment. MARY CRAIG, Executrix. [ep3w] Richmond, July 5.
THE subscriber offers for rent or lease, for a term of years, two comfortable Tenements fitted for the reception of genteel families, adjoining to the tenement occupied by herself. MARY CRAIG. [ep3w] Richmond, July 5.
By virtue of a deed of trust executed to the subscribers by Ro. and Geo. Turner, and Ann the wife of the said George, recorded in the Court of Richmond, made to secure the payment of $1500 to Danl. Couch, according to the terms of said deed; it will be sold to the highest bidder, for cash, before the door of the Eagle Tavern, in the said city, on Saturday the 30th day of the present month (July) at all that lot or parcel of ground, situate in the said city, on the east side of the cross-street leading from the Bell-Tavern to the river, and formerly under lease to Russell & Wallace; together with the following NEGROES, George (the cook), Peter (the barber), and Agrey, or so much of the said property as will be sufficient to raise the sum of $300, and all costs attending the said sale. ANDW. STEVENSON, C. ANTHONY, } Trustees. [ep4s] July 8.
JOSEPH MARK & Co. have on hand an assortment of German Oznaburghs, Ticklenburghs, Dowlas and Towelling, by the bale, box, or piece. Cognac Brandy, Molasses, Sack Salt, coarse and fine, which they will sell for cash, tobacco or approved paper. May 17. (tf)
RICHMOND TILE MANUFACTORY—The subscriber having procured the exclusive right to manufacture in this and several other states Harwood's much improved Patent Tile for covering houses, and at considerable expense erected the necessary buildings, &c. for carrying on that useful business extensively, now offers to supply, at a short notice, any quantity that may be required, at the moderate price of thirty-five dollars per thousand, delivered at his Factory. He can with confidence, founded on actual experiment, in the covering of about 20 houses in this city, assert, that houses can be covered with this tile as cheap in the first instance, as with shingles of the first quality, and when the security against fire, the difference of insurance, the durability and particular construction of those tile to resist the most penetrating rains and snows are considered, he cannot doubt of meeting with considerable encouragement.
Particular attention will be paid to orders from other towns, and in all cases where they are shipped, he will deliver them whole and sound, along side the vessels, at the expense of cartage only to the purchasers. Any person skilled in the art of tiling, will put on those tile with great facility, but where they cannot be procured, he can engage a few here who have had some experience, and will go a moderate distance, if the job is of sufficient magnitude and their travelling expenses paid. BENJAMIN DUVAL. [ep2w&lawff] Richmond, March 22.
N. B. I wish to sell Patent Rights in several other States. B. D.
BANK NOTES, as below described, were put into the post office at this place on 27th May last, enclosed in a letter addressed to Messrs John Warder and Sons, Philadelphia, and which letter has never been received; it is therefore apprehended that the BANK NOTES may have fallen into improper hands; and should such appear in circulation, we earnestly request that they may be stopped. Any satisfactory information regarding them will be thankfully received, and if required, liberally rewarded. BUCHANAN & POLLOK. Petersburg, July 5. (tf)
Bank of Virginia payable at their Office of Discount and Deposit Petersburg, to Robert Birchett President thereof or Bearer, $100 832 9th February 1805, 100 866 6th July, 100 153 7th February, 100 394 9th — 100 700 6th May, 100 753 7th — 100 788 — 100 $2,700 Richmond, July 12. (ep2m)
LAND & HOUSES TO RENT—The subscriber is authorised to rent for one or more years, several commodious Tenements, on Shockoe Hill, well adapted for stores & private dwellings; among them is a three story brick Tenement on the Turnpike street, now in the occupation of Saml. McCraw, esq.
RICHMOND TURNPIKE COMPANY—At a meeting of the directors of the Richmond Turnpike Company on Thursday evening the 7th of July, 1808—Resolved, That all shares of delinquent stockholders in this company, be sold at the Swan Tavern in this city on Monday the 15th day of next month, at 5 o'clock, p. m. without reserve; and that the same be published in all the newspapers of this city.
WILL be Sold for cash, in the town of Charlottesville, at the door of Triplett T. Estes, Lewis & Co. for purposes in said deed mentioned, on the second day of August next, being the 2d day of Albemarle August court.
Also, will be sold, same day and place, and on same terms, by virtue of a deed of trust, entered into by Bartlett Ellis, & Co. for the purposes in said deed mentioned, sundry NEGROES, viz: David, a negro man; Winston, a negro boy; Anderson, a negro boy; Elijah, a negro boy, and Agrey, a negro woman, with her future increase.
Also, will be sold, same day and place, and on same terms, by virtue of a deed of trust entered into by Richard G. Martin, William G. Martin, & Co. for purposes in said deed mentioned:—One Bay Mare with a blaze face; one Feather Bed & Furniture; also, sundry other Household and Kitchen Furniture; also, all that portion of the estate of Patrick Mechie, dec'd, it being one-eighth part of the estate of said Mechie, dec'd, which the said William G. Martin hath and claims right to, in consequence of his intermarriage with his wife Sarah, a daughter of said Mechie, dec'd.
Being only interested as trustee for the benefit of others will only convey title to aforesaid property in me as trustee. MARTIN DAWSON, Trustee. Milton, July 12. (3w)
ALL persons having claims against the estate of Captain Thomas Roane of the Forge, King & Queen county, are desired to make them known to me by the first of October next. Those indebted are hereby informed that the situation of the estate will not admit of indulgence. LAURENCE MUSE, adm'r. [ep6w] July 1.
TO RENT—The upper APARTMENTS in the House occupied by Messrs. Kirby, Drake & Taylor, possessing convenient accommodations for a family. Possession will be given immediately—apply to Kirby, Drake & Taylor, or to THOMAS NORVELL. [tf] June 13.
NOTICE—All persons indebted to the Estate of Marcus Elcan, deceased, are requested to make immediate payment, and creditors to present their claims without delay. C. J. MACMURDO, } Ex'ors. JOS. MARX, } [tf] Richmond, May 17, 1808.
VIRGINIA, TO WIT: At a court of Appeals held at the Capitol, in Richmond, the third day of June, 1808.
GENERAL RULE—After the end of this present term, all causes depending in this court shall be called in the order in which they stand upon the docket, and such as may be ready for hearing pursuant to the former rules of this court, shall, unless good cause be shown to the contrary, be heard in the same order in which they stand upon the docket, until the whole shall be gone through; and the causes which shall be passed over, shall, unless for some very special reason appearing to the court, be put at the end of the docket of each term.
Ordered, That the above rule be published in at least three of the newspapers printed in Richmond, once a week until the first day of October next. A Copy, Teste, J. WILLIAMS, c. [law2m] July 15.
A CARRIAGE AND HORSES—For hire an excellent CARRIAGE and pair of HORSES. Apply at the stable of JOHN LEATH, Esq. on Shockoe-Hill. Richmond, July 8. (law4w)
UNITED STATES' STOCK LOST!!!—Notice is hereby given, That the following certificates of the United States' Stock, in the name of John Baird, bearing date 16 March 1791, have been lost or mislaid, and due application will be made at the Loan Office of the U. States for their renewal.
WILL be SOLD for Cash, on the premises fifteen days of August next, by virtue of a deed of trust executed to us by David Coupland, for the purposes in said deed mentioned; a certain tract of LAND, it being a part of the tract on which the said David now resides, one hundred and fifty acres, binding on the lines of Geo. Anderson and Charles Wheeler, Junr, beginning on a line running to the north of his house to his back line, to use the expression of said deed of trust, which will be found on record in Buckingham county. SAMUEL ANDERSON, } Trustees. JAMES WILSON, } eptds July 19.
NOTICE—Will be Sold to the highest bidder, on Saturday the 30th inst. about 11 o'clock, at the late dwelling of Marks Vandewall, dec'd, adjoining the Union Tavern in this city, one Negro Man named Billey; also two likely Horses, one a good riding, the other a well broke Gigg Horse;—Together with the Household Furniture, &c. &c. Terms of sale, six months credit on all sums above twenty dollars; cash for all sums under twenty. Notes or bonds, with approved security, for all sums above.
All those indebted to said estate, are earnestly requested to make prompt payment; and those having claims against the same, are likewise requested to bring forward their claims authenticated as the law requires, to the end, that they may be discharged without delay. DANIEL VAN-DEWALL, Administrator. July 19. ep4t
A COURT OF INQUIRY for the 1st battalion will be held at the Bell Tavern in the city of Richmond, on the 25th inst. and for the 2d battalion at the Washington Tavern, on the 26th inst. and a Regimental Court of Inquiry will be held at the Bell Tavern, on the 6th day of August next: These courts will commence at 9 o'clock, a. m. and adjourn at 4 o'clock, p. m. on each day, unless the business before them be sooner determined. GEO: WM. SMITH, Lieut. Col. 19th Regiment, 1808. July 15. 4t
CASH given for WHEAT, by WHITE & SHELTON. July 22. tf
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS REWARD. The above reward of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS will be paid for apprehending and securing HOWE & negro MUSTAPHA, commonly called Mustapha. Arthur Howe is a young man 19 or 20 years old, dark complexion, short yellow hair and hazel eyes, his face is round, and his countenance ferocious and expressive of dark angry passions. He is remarkable for having a deformity in his back, which occasions him to walk nearly half bent, so that when he is in his most erect posture, he would scarcely measure 4 and a 1/2 or 5 feet high. His arms have much motion when he walks, are very long, and hang low down not lower than his knees. The above described young man stole or enticed off on Monday night the 11th instant, a negro fellow called Miss or Mustapha, about 28 years old of a darkish complexion, very long head, forehead, nose and chin more prominent than persons of his color generally have; his eyes are large, projecting, and of a reddish color, his mouth rather large, and his teeth yellow. In his general behavior he is polite and submissive; he is a complete body servant, and a handy fellow with some tools, or about horses. He carried off with him no clothes which are remarkable, except an olive great coat of bearskin. The above felon and slave went off on a single stick chair; a large bay horse, and have been traced in company about 18 miles from Edenton. It is conjectured that Arthur Howe will conduct Miss as far as Virginia, and may sell him several times on his journey. and Miss having many acquaintances in Norfolk, Petersburg and Richmond, may endeavor through their assistance to make his escape to the northward. Arthur Howe has relations near Wilmington, in this state, and near Nashville, in Tennessee; to one of which places he will probably endeavor to travel after parting with the aforesaid negro. To the above reward will be added travelling expenses and reasonable wages for the delivery of the aforesaid Howe, and negro Miss, to me in this place, or Fifty Dollars for either of them. MATHEW E. SAWYER. Edenton, June 27. (July 5) [4w]
IN CHANCERY.—Prince William County Court, June 10th, 1808. Thomas Chapman, surviving acting executor of William Carr, dec'd, plaintiff—against Thomas Purcell and Eleanor his wife, formerly Eleanor Randolph, widow and legatee of William Randolph, son and legatee of John Randolph, dec'd, Robert Randolph, William Randolph, George Randolph, and Mildred Randolph, children and legatees of said William Randolph, dec'd, and infants under the age of twenty-one years, Peter Oliver and Mildred Oliver, his wife, and Peggy Oliver, daughter of said Peter and Mildred, Nancy Tyler, Samuel James, and Frances his wife, formerly Frances Randolph, Sarah Randolph, Peggy Randolph, John Wright and Betsy his wife, formerly Betsy Randolph, and Charles Purcell and Mary Ann Purcell his wife, formerly Mary Ann Randolph; which said Mildred Oliver, Peggy Oliver, Nancy Tyler, Frances James, Sarah Randolph, Peggy Randolph, Betsy Wright, and Mary Ann Purcell, are also legatees of the said John Randolph, dec'd—defendants.
The defendants Margaret Randolph, Samuel James, and Frances his wife, and Peter Oliver and Milly his wife, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court by affidavit that the said Margaret Randolph, Samuel James, and Frances his wife, and Peter Oliver and Milly his wife, are not residents of this Commonwealth; on motion of the complainant by his counsel, It is ordered, that the said absent defendants do appear here on the first day of October next and enter their appearance to this suit and give security for performing the decree of the court, and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in the newspaper entitled "The Enquirer" printed in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and that another copy of this order be posted at the front door of the court house of this county. A copy, Teste, J. WILLIAMS, c. [law2m] July 15.
NOTICE—All persons having claims against the estate of Joseph Watkins, dec'd, late of Goochland, are desired to present them previously to the first of December next, properly authenticated; and those indebted, to make immediate payment to BENJAMIN P. WATKINS, Acting Executor. July 15. wtf