The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1809-05-23 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
VOL. 6.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY, MAY 23, 1809.
[No. 4.]
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE GLOBE TAVERN, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
RICHMOND PRICES CURRENT.
   D. C.     Tobacco, from 4 to 7   Flour—superfine 6 00   do. fine 5 50   Corn, per barrel 2 50   Wheat 1 8   Wheat, per lb. 0 10   Whiskey, per gallon 0 44   Bar iron, per ton 120 00   Hemp, per ton 280 00   Wool, per lb. 25   45  
THE SUBSCRIBERS, TAKE LEAVE TO INFORM THEIR FRIENDS AND THE PUBLIC IN GENERAL, THAT THE EAGLE-TAVERN,
IN the City of Richmond, will hereafter be conducted under the immediate management of GEORGE TURNER, they having formed an engagement for this purpose. They entertain the most sanguine hopes that their unremitting exertions will entitle them to patronage and favor. Every comfort which necessity may require, or which taste may suggest, will be procured with avidity and pleasure. They are determined, if possible, to render the EAGLE, in every department of their business, agreeable to their guests, and a pleasant abode to the stranger. Their solicitude upon this score has induced them, at considerable expense, to make some important changes in the arrangement of the rooms. They feel a great share of confidence in assuring their friends that they will meet with every convenience and attention that a house of this character is calculated to afford. Their Bed-Rooms are furnished with an entire new set of beds and furniture, with a suit of curtains to each, and the floor covered with carpets.
Their stables are large & commodious (which will always be furnished with a full supply of the best provender the country affords) stands within twenty steps of the house, with a pump of excellent water at the door, for the purpose of watering and washing the horses.
They take leave further to state, that a FREE-ROOM has lately been established in one of the rooms of the Eagle, in which the newspapers from all the principal towns on the continent are to be seen. With these advantages, & these determinations, in which they are resolved never to relax, they can but hope for the most flattering success.
GEORGE TURNER, JAMES S. SMITHERS.
N. B. The printers throughout the U. States who now direct their papers to Jas. S. Smithers, are requested to insert the above one week, and in future direct to Turner and Smithers.
C. T. & J. S. S. May 9. 3w
NEW ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BELL-TAVERN.
THE exclusive management and superintendence of this House, has devolved upon the Subscriber, who, with Dr. Wm. Hoomes & Wilson Allen, are alone interested in it. No pains or expense has been spared to render this establishment one among the first upon the continent—and nothing, on the part of the subscriber, shall be wanting to support its reputation and deserve public patronage. There are 40 rooms in and attached to the tavern. The largest and most commodious Stable in the City, and every convenience necessary to render the House a good one. It has lately undergone considerable change, and thorough repair. The Subscriber has laid in an assortment of the best Liquors, and hopes, from his experience, to merit and meet with public support.
RICHARD C. WORTHAM. May 12. tf
Offer for Sale the PROPERTY where I now live. The Improvements are all new, in good order, and very convenient for a family. Persons inclined to purchase will please apply to Mr. Thomas Taylor or myself. If a sale is not made privately before Friday next, it will then be sold at Auction, on the premises, on credits of 4, 8 and 12 months—the purchaser giving a note negotiable at the Bank of Virginia, with an approved endorser, for the first payment, and notes of the same description or a deed of trust on the Property for the other instalments, as may be most agreeable to himself.
N. SHEPPARD. May 16.
ON the same day, will be Sold, at Auction, on the premises, the unimproved Corner LOT, on the hill nearly opposite Mr. Hylton's and back of Samuel Bell's Lot. A credit of six months will be allowed for this, the purchaser giving a Note negotiable at the Bank of Virginia with an approved endorser.
N. SHEPPARD, B. SHEPPARD.
In consequence of the badness of the weather, the sale of the above property is put off until Wednesday next. May 23. 3w
FOR SALE—A VALUABLE TRACT OF LAND, lying on the banks of James River, nearly opposite to the Westover Estate; containing, between eight and nine hundred acres, bounded by the river upwards of a mile; by the lands of Mr. Harrison of Maycocks and the Road leading from Cooke's Ferry to Petersburg; about one fourth part of the tract is cleared; it has some grass land and affords a good range for Cattle, has a good Landing place, and a profitable fishing place might be made on it, at a small expense; it has no improvements except an old dwelling house. This land, with proper tillage, would make a good wheat farm. One fourth part of the price will be expected on giving possession, and for the residue a credit of two, four and six years will be given if required. Miles Seiden, Junr. will be good enough to shew the land. T. G. PEACOCK. Williamsburg, April 25. wtf
NOTICE.—The subscriber has, for the present, removed his VENDUE OFFICE, to the front room of the house occupied by Mr. Carter B. Page, opposite to Messrs. Hoomes and Sizer where he transacts business as usual. He has on hand a quantity of West India and other GOODS, and is prepared with convenient store-houses to receive any further consignments that may be made to him. JAMES BROWN, Jr. Auctioneer. April 11. tf
THE subscriber, residing at Surry Court House, will practice the LAW in the Inferior and Superior Courts of the following counties, viz. Surry, Isle of Wight, Southampton, & James City. He will also attend the High Court of Chancery, for the Williamsburg district. He promises punctuality and attention to business.
BARTHOLOMEW D. HENLEY. May 16. 3t
NEW GOODS.—JOHN KING, has just received an additional supply of Spring and Summer
GOODS. Selected from the late importations, and which are now opening for sale, at his Cheap Cash Store. May 19. tf
JOHN LE TELLIER, DENTIST—Informs the inhabitants of Richmond and its vicinity, that he intends leaving town on Monday next, for some time, perhaps six or seven weeks.—Those persons who stand in need of his assistance, will receive notice of his return, in this paper; at which time his residence will be continued next door to Edmund Randolph's, adjoining the Capitol Square. May 19. 3t
S. & J. JACOBS, are just receiving a handsome assortment of Spring GOODS, Amongst which are, 6.4 Cotton Cambrics, 4.4 Do. do. 6.4 Figured Leno, 4.4 Do. do. 1 trunk sup. Plates, 1 do. Cambric Calico, Silk Shambay, Black Lustre, Plaid do. Florentine Waistcoating, Marseilles do. An elegant assortment Floor Carpeting. With a number of other articles too numerous to enumerate. All of which will be sold at reduced prices for cash. April 28. 3t
LANDS FOR SALE.—By virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed by John W. Baylor, late of the county of Albemarle, State of Virginia, to the Subscriber (of the county of Caroline,) to secure the payment of two sums of money, in said Deed expressed, due to Thos. Burke and Reuben Gatewood, late of the said county of Caroline: Will be sold on Thursday, the 29th day of June, 1809, at the Old Dwelling-House where Major Henry Burke formerly lived, on the premises, to the highest bidder, conformable to an Act of the last General Assembly, passed the 31st day of January, 1802, concerning executions and for other purposes: EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIVE ACRES OF GOOD FARMING AND TOBACCO LAND, Laying on Buck Mountain Creek, in the aforesaid county of Albemarle, or so much thereof, as will be sufficient to pay the aforesaid debts and interest, together with the costs of sale. The above LAND was formerly the property of Maj. Henry Burke, deceased, which was purchased by the aforesaid Baylor, since his death, and will admit of being divided into three or four different lots, which may be done to accommodate purchasers if required. JOHN SHIP, Trustee. May 16. T6t
EUROPE.
PHILADELPHIA, May 15. Yesterday arrived here the brig Levant, capt. Forman, in 45 days from London, with dry goods, to Hector Kennedy. The British February packet arrived at Gravesend from New-York, the day the Levant sailed. On the 21 May, the Levant spoke the British ship Harriott and Matilda, 53 days from Bristol, bound to New-York in distress, under jury foretopmast, no maintopsail yard, top-gallant sail set for mizen top sail, had lost all his boats, but was not in want of provisions. The Levant fell in with a great quantity of ice on the banks.
The Editors of the Freeman's Journal have received London papers to the 24th March, inclusive. Their contents have been generally anticipated by former arrivals. One article in the "Globe," however, is deserving of consideration. Palafox, it seems, did not die seven days before the surrender of Saragossa, as stated in former arrivals. The "Globe," contains extracts from Paris to March 11, which, after mentioning the surrender of Saragossa, says, " the life of Palafox is despaired of. " The report of his death then, was not true; it is even possible he is yet living. The ships Native and Polly were to sail for Philadelphia in ten days after the Levant.
LONDON, March 24. A gentleman who arrived from the continent on Tuesday last, states, that France had declared war against Austria, and that the declaration was published at Paris on the 17th.
At Dresden (Saxony) measures have been taken to protect the town from attack, which were become the more necessary, as a great quantity of Austrian cavalry was cantoned near the Saxon frontiers, and the archduke Charles was arrived at Prague. The garrison of this city has already marched, and it is said that a powerful Austrian army is already collected at Eggra. According to intelligence from the Maine of the 2d of March, Russia is labouring to compose the differences between the two powers.
Letters from the south of France, received at Frankfort the 7th of March, state, that the communication with Spain by way of Perpignan, through Catalonia, is not altered, nor free. The French have strong garrisons in Rosas and Figueras; but in the neighborhood of Gerona, and beyond, there are still numerous bands of insurgents, who indeed are dispersed as soon as regular troops approach, but as soon as these retire, they appear again, and render the plains insecure. At Perpignan an army of reserve has been formed, probably destined to besiege Gerona, while St. Cyr has advanced towards Arragon, in order to unite with the French marshals. In Barcelona also a strong garrison is left behind. Delf Courant, March 16.
PARIS, March 10. According to intelligence from Saragossa, the life of Palafox is despaired of. The people hold him in such abhorrence, that it
had been found necessary to have a guard before his door, to prevent his being stoned. In every square gibbets were raised to hang those who spoke of surrendering. The commission who carried these sentences into execution consisted of six monks. Two of these counsellors of Palafox, Basalis and Asfaze, have been publicly shot. The inhabitants of Saragossa manifested the greatest pleasure to see themselves delivered from two wretches to whom they had ascribed all their sufferings. There have been found at Saragossa more than 100,000 muskets of English manufacture, and 200 pieces of cannon. Fifteen thousand prisoners of war have been sent under the escort of the division of Morlot, by way of Pampeluna, towards Bayonne. Gen. O'Neill is dead. The duke of Treviso is gone against Lerida.
LONDON, March 22.
SWEDEN. According to some accounts an insurrection in Sweden was not of that kind which was at first apprehended. Two regiments of militia (the whole Swedish army we believe goes by that name,) not being able to obtain their pay, expressed their resentment in a mutinous manner, nor could subordination be restored by the utmost exertion of their officers, till their arrears were paid.
The following letter gives a statement more highly coloured, but the smallness of the number of men mentioned in it, negatives the rumor of any thing like a serious insurrection.
"GOTTENBURGH, March 11. "We this moment have received two couriers from Carlstrand, bringing the unpleasant news, that 2000 men, infantry, headed by major general Adlesparte, are on their march to Stockholm. I have seen the publications which these rebels have issued.—They state, that they are going to force the king to collect a diet, and to adopt the form of government of 1772, which the late Gustavus III altered. We are already easy on that subject; although it will create astonishment, and perhaps some disturbance, (which God forbid) there is no doubt that the men will be brought to their senses, and the instigator, although a Swede born, but a Frenchman in his heart, will be punished."
Other letters mention a circumstance which happened previously to the adjustment of the dispute, and which does great honor to the patriotism of the Swedish soldiery.—The Norwegians thought this a fair occasion to profit by the seeming dissention between the government and military, and threatened to invade Sweden. On this, the discontented troops caused a proclamation to be published, declaring that whatever grievances they might complain of against the government were concerns purely domestic; and that these would not prevent their exerting all their energy to repel a foreign and invading foe.
General Adlesparte was one of the malcontents in 1800, and who opposed the government at that period in the diet, and renounced his privileges as one of the nobles. The king in order to shew the placability of his disposition, and his wish to conciliate the opposition party in the Swedish diet, gave this general a command.
RUSSIA.
Letters from Rotterdam, dated the 17th inst. state, that in consequence of the rumors circulated concerning the part of the emperor Alexander was disposed to act in the approaching conflict between France and Austria, the Russian minister at the court of Holland had formally determined to adhere to the treaty of Erfurth. No one will of course be influenced much by a declaration of this kind; and other letters from Holland, of the same date, advise that the emperor of Russia has made peace with the Ottoman Porte.
It is confidently reported that his royal highness the duke of Kent will succeed the Duke of York, as commander in chief.
Sir David Dundas, whose name has also been mentioned on this occasion, is considered as one of the most accomplished tacticians in the service. He was more than once the object of Panegyric with Mr. Pitt, by whom he was generally placed in the south-eastern district, which is in the event of invasion, regarded as the post of danger & immediate action. Sir David is not advanced in life, but in the vigor of his health and faculties.—He is governor of Chelsea College, and col. of the Scots Greys, and was not long since married to a daughter of gen. Delancey.
PARIS, March 7.
In the official paper of to-day, is the following article extracted from the Court Gazette of Madrid, dated the 25th of February:
"The Dukes del Infantado & d'Albuquerque, who were at Consuegra and Madridejos, did not expect that General Sebastiani would advance against them, which he had received orders to do. The so-distant army, the force of which the enemy had so much exaggerated, in order to nourish the spirit of discord in the province of La Mancha, took flight on the approach of one division of the French army. General Sebastiani could not reach more than the rear, which he attacked with his cavalry. The rebels had cavalry. The rebels had about four hundred men killed, and about as many were taken prisoners. Of killed and wounded on the side of the French, was only a single man."
"The infantry, commanded by the Duke del Infantado, consists of wretched peasants, forced in the ranks, without experience and without the will to fight. The greater part of them seize the opportunity afforded by the first engagement, amid the discontent and confusion of an unprincipled and disorderly band, to return to their houses. It is hard to form an image to one's self of the wretchedness in which the unhappy peasants have been brought up, without clothes, shoes, and all the means of support; and wherever they appear, they have spread the greatest affliction."
"We have learned from the prisoners of war, that the Duke del Infantado no longer entertains any hope whatever: he wishes to do all the mischief he can, and means then to embark; however the evil which he can cause to no one but wretched Spaniards, whom he deceives, will not last long; and if
he have the good fortune to escape, his mad ambition will have brought him no other profit than to add to the remorse which torments him, the curses of those he will have abandoned, and whose ruin he will have caused."
It is calculated, that nearly 2,000,000, sterling, 185,000 stand of arms, and 932,000 yds. of broad cloth, have been sent to the Spaniards, from the 1st of July last, up to the 1st of September—and that 20,000,000. sterling will not pay the expense of every kind incurred by England since the commencement of the insurrection. Lon. Paper.
FROM THE ESSEX REGISTER.
Though the commencement of the war between France and Austria has been often mentioned, it is not yet agreed by whom the declaration of war has been made. It has been said that France had made the declaration as well as that France had sent on its final demands.—Actual hostilities have been named, but we may safely pronounce that as yet we have only the most alarming appearances and apprehensions of a new war in Europe.
The French appear to be confident in their resources, and have at their command an army of nearly equal force with that in Spain, which can be marched against Austria. At present we have but very confused accounts of the disposition of the powers in the neighborhood of Austria. Russia it has been said, will incline to be neutral, but as the French are said to have demanded of the Turks an immediate explanation of its measures with England and Austria, such an event will probably be connected with the policy of Russia. It is now above a century since the Russians have been seriously disposed to remove every obstacle to their southern commerce, and they do not appear to have even lost sight of this object of their ambition. As early as in 1669 the session of Asoph to the Czar Peter by the treaty of Carlowitz, gave the Russians an establishment on the Black Sea, upon which the Turks had held the exclusive navigation. The Turks soon were alarmed at this accession to Russia, and upon the first opportunity engaged in a war, which terminated, whatever was its object, in the recovery of Asoph. The fate of Peter the Great, who commanded at Pruth, and the total defeat of the Russians is well known. Still the hope of recovering Asoph was not abandoned, and in 1736 Count Munich took Asoph. The French, who mediated, had no intention of encouraging a Russian trade in the Mediterranean or Black Sea, and yet rather than renounce the claim to Asoph, in the treaty of Belgrade in 1739, the Russians insisted upon the following preliminary in that treaty. "That Asoph should remain to Russia and its territory remain unsettled as a barrier between the two Empires; that Russia might build a fortress on this side of the Don, and the Porte another on their side of the river; but the city of Taganrock, built by Peter the Great, on the Sea of Asoph, should have no use the Turkish ships in their commerce in these seas; that the limits of the two Empires, west of the Dnieper, should be the same as regulated in 1706, Kudack remain to the Porte, and the limits on the east of the Dnieper to be settled by a new convention."
How faithfully the Russians have persevered in their designs of enlarging their southern boundaries on the Black Sea, the sea of Asoph, and the Caspian, may be known from observing their present limits from the mouth of the Danube to the mouth of the Kuban, and thence to Astracan on the Caspian, and on the same line to the Kuban on the eastern side of the Aral. A concurrent with France at the present crisis, must render Russian power against Turkey irresistible; and when we recollect that the Russians are in arms in the late Turkish provinces north of the Danube, which the Russians are determined to claim and defend, we may be sure some great changes must arise in the Russian policy to produce a new enemy to the purposes it has long designed to accomplish. What is said of the Northern powers is quite equivocal. Some statements represent Saxony more inclined to assist Austria than Prussia. But when we recollect that the present prosperity of the prince of Saxony is from the French emperor, and that the power of this house has no strength from its duration, we may dismiss at present all conjectures about its purposes. The friends of humanity, wish a speedy end to the wars of the North. The total interruption to commerce in Denmark, and the existence of powerful armies have occasioned serious and unavoidable oppressions. The dismemberment of Sweden by the French and Russians might well occasion complaints to the throne from a people who have reserved to themselves the right to complain. By different accounts we are assured that these complaints have been serious, not only from the government and the suffering provinces, but from the public expressions of discontent which have appeared in the kingdom. To what extent these have been carried, it is in vain to conjecture. The causes are serious and well known, and the evils may be expected in a country to which they are not strangers. We have not heard what the Russians had done since they had reached Aland, and whether they made any serious attempt to pass into Sweden. The English commerce continued in the ports of Sweden at the last accounts. We hear nothing from Norway. On their frontiers the Danes continued to keep an armed force, and it was expected would penetrate into Sweden, but nothing of late has transpired.
The entrance of the French into Portugal is confirmed. It has been long insinuated, that the Portuguese could not agree upon any plan of defence, and while the English were victorious, had not a consent in their own military operations. It is given us as an anecdote in one of the best summaries of Portuguese history, that when Portugal had risen in arms, and repulsed the dominion of Spain, the Conde Duke d'Olivarez consulted a noble Genoese on the subject of its reduction. His reply was, "Let them fall out among themselves." This country is beautifully extended on the Atlantic with an excellent climate and wholesome air. About three hundred miles in length, and not one in breadth. It is mountainous, but its vales are fertile, and more populous than the same extent in Spain and its inhabitants more industrious. The political interest of Portugal was in its peace, and for this purpose it preserved a sincere friendship with England, and was protected by the British maritime power. Its commercial interest was changed from Asia to America, and it was granted, that in proportion to the two kingdoms, Portugal derived more from the Brazils, than Spain from Mexico and Peru. As the royal family has been transported to America, some hopes were entertained of its repose. But jealousies are found to prevail, though the scene be changed, and internal discords have interrupted many of the hopes of this new establishment. Whether the consequences will be in the final extinction of Portuguese royalty, time will soon explain. Some attempts have been made to open commercial, if not political intercourse between the Brazils and the late Spanish colonies. The want of complete success is obvious. How far the project has succeeded is also unknown. Nothing definite is known of the internal regulations adopted, or of the measures to render them permanent, and therefore nothing can be judged of their political situation. The French have great influence, and the late military operations of the English armies have not left favorable impressions of the power of the English, or of their policy. The French profit from these impressions, and employ them, if not eventually to prevent, to delay all measures which could give a hearty union with the English or the late emigrants from Portugal. From Spain, we hear nothing circumstantially. It appears, the English were not admitted into the port of Cadiz, so that the inhabitants had not determined to renounce, absolutely, the advice of the former Governor, which had been given at the surrender of Madrid. We are told, that Joseph was to be in person with the army on its march to Andalusia, and probably would enter Seville with the French troops. From St. Domingo we learn, that a severe action had taken place near St. Nicholas between the troops of Christophe & Pétion. Even the contests of the blacks are given in all the fond partiality of interests, so we can determine nothing precisely, excepting, that Christophe was the pursing enemy, and that he had gained some naval advantages. The whole West-Indies feel something from the present state of Europe. The evils at Cuba are serious, and threaten many future disquiets. The alarms in Jamaica are in novel circumstances, which may as readily tend to increase as to quiet them.
DOMESTIC.
Causes of the alteration of the treatment of the United States by the British Ministry.
FROM THE SALEM REGISTER.
The Jews might with more propriety arrogate the merit of the atonement after crucifying the redeemer, than the federalists claim the merit of the late favorable alteration in our British relations. They have continually for a year past been exerting themselves to climb over the ruins of their country to power. They have invited the citizens to rebellion—they have endeavored to array a Northern confederacy against the republicans of the middle & southern states; they have recommended a war with France; and unmindful of the rights of their country, have justified every injury inflicted on our national honor and rights by Great-Britain. It has been rung through all their papers, that the men taken from the Chesapeake were British subjects, and as such ought to be detained; and the Shays of modern times, Gore, held himself aloof from the vindication of national honor, when the genius of our country had nearly united all parties to assert its violated rights; the degenerate sons of our forefathers, who during the revolution were termed tories, but who now assume the name federalists, have asserted at their noted Topsfield convention, and in all their papers, that the orders in council were justified by the Lex Talionis , (the law of retaliation;) that the British ministry were perfectly right in issuing them, and that they would not be rescinded; they have endeavored to raise the standard of revolt against the emigrant laws, and all measures intended to vindicate the insulted honor of our country. In our own country the pulpit has been converted into the desk of the demagogue, and Mr. Spring has employed himself, instead of leading his parishioners to heaven, in inculcating into them rebellion against the laws, and opposition to the measures of their country. The flock of this demagogue have obeyed, and two or three hundred old men and boys in the town of Newburyport, have assumed the title of " Silver Greys ," and associated for the purpose of resisting the execution of the laws! The British people began to complain of the pressure produced in that country by our Embargo; military force was called to suppress them—blood was shed. At this moment the revolution in Spain employs the idle hands in G. Britain—a market was opened for their manufacturers—the seditious letter of Pickering the Topsfield resolutions, and the Federal Gazettes all announced, that government was under French influence, that the country was ripe for rebellion—a presidential election was at hand: the hopes of getting a man into power who would submit to the ruin of our country, encouraged the British Ministry to persevere. The revolution in Spain quieted the people of England; the false representations of the British Ministry and the letters of "General" Pickering and Co. deceived the Parliament. We were insultingly told by Mr. Canning, that our embargo did not affect them, but that they would be glad to take it off on our account; that the orders in council would continue till the French decrees were repealed. The Olive Branch was rejected with indignation. Our rulers were accused of French influence, and Pickering's letter was diffused over England to encourage the English people to submit a little longer; they were told that the American people would not submit to an administration under French influence. Our country was thronged with

emissaries, and seditious pamphlets inundated the land.
Such was the situation of our affairs with Britain last fall. Its favorable change is to be attributed to three causes: The election of Mr. Madison, the continuation of the Embargo, and the defeat of the British in Spain. The ministry has fondly anticipated the election of a President who would immediately repeal the embargo laws, renew our commercial intercourse, and submit to their violations of our rights. Their friends in the Senate and throughout the Union, had assured them of the election of a new President, and that the people would submit to the laws, and the many evasions they had suggested, gave a color to their pretences. But to their confusion, when Congress met, they found that, instead of a repealing act, an enforcing one was passed—the election of Mr. Madison was ascertained, and the masterly report of Mr. Campbell had convinced them, that we were determined to vindicate our rights. Then they found that they had been deceived—for at the time that Oakley was sent to America, the embargo laws were not repealed, and the seditious doings of the Massachusetts legislature, and Mr. Gore's exertions for his own election, were not known.
The British Parliament assembled in January. Lord Grenville proved, unanswerably, the impartiality of our government, and the perfidy of Canning in giving false information, and in keeping out of sight, letters that he had sent to the Editors of the papers in Boston, to affect our elections. He showed the unjustness of the orders in council: that they were contrary to the laws of nations, and reproached the insulting address of Canning to our minister—a large and respectable minority called with him on the king, to remove these odious measures. In the House of Commons Mr. Whitbread moved a petition to his majesty, to adopt conciliatory measures towards America—Mr. Madison's election, the continuance of the Embargo and the defeat of the British in Spain, added to unanswerable arguments of the Lords and Commons, convinced them of the unjustness of "General Pickering" & Co's statements, and the minister, to secure his place, was obliged, in the House of Commons, to promise better treatment to Americans.
Americans! Britain is prostrate at your feet; she has convicted herself of falsehoods and treachery. Your Embargo has produced its desired effects, notwithstanding the exertions of the Catalines of your country to defeat it. Rally around the standard of your country. Frown into contempt the wretches who have done all in their power to defeat the measures of your government, and who now claim the merit of the good effect which those measures have produced. Frown them to silence, and say to their leader, Go thou Judas Iscariot to thy farm, and hang thyself! COLUMBIANUS.
To Messrs. Everett and Monroe, Editors of the Boston Patriot.
GENTLEMEN, His Excellency Mr. Adams, late President of the United States, having expressed in the Boston Patriot of yesterday, a desire that I should publish copies of my letter to the Secretary of State, dated Nantasket Road, October 1, 1798, and of the letters of Mr. Talleyrand to myself, together with his assurances communicated by me to the President, in conversation—in compliance with the President's request, I now send you the copies referred to, and shall transmit the "assurances," in time, for publication. Your ob't. serv't. F. GERRY.
Cambridge, 27th April, 1809.
Extract from the letter of Ch. Mau. Talleyrand, to Mr. Gerry, Envoy of the United States, dated Paris, July 22, 1798.
"You repeat to me that the government of the United States has always been disposed to terminate, amicably, the differences which subsist between the two Republics. This fresh assurance, at a time when hostile demonstrations have just been made, could not but temper their effect. But let a frank, candid and truly amicable act, speedily realize those dispositions. Far from entering into the answers of the President to the addresses which have been presented to him from different parts of the U. S. whatsoever they may be, I would fain behold in his expressions, nothing but a political expedient. I do not, thence, judge less favorably of the true intentions, which you profess in his name, and I would not have engaged you to warrant the success of the first proof, which he will render of them, if the Executive Directory, which was ready to receive you, had not made a fixed determination upon the subject. A negotiation may therefore be resumed even at Paris, where I flatter myself you have observed nothing but testimonies of esteem, and where every envoy who shall unite your advantages, cannot fail to be well received.—Moreover, I know not, sir, why you tell me that it would be requisite to lop from this negotiation, every preliminary respecting a loan, and explanations on the subject of the speeches delivered. Be pleased to read over again the propositions which I transmitted to you on the 30th Prarial, [June 18] they contain all the ideas of the French government; and you will not find in them a word which justifies your recurring to those two questions. An odious intrigue had got possession of them; the dignity of the French government could not permit this mixture; and it did not wish that views, as pure as his own, should be associated therewith hereafter. As to the preliminary measures, which you suggest, sir, the government has already your desire. By information which it has just received, it indeed learns, that violences have been committed upon the commerce and citizens of the United States in the West-Indies, and on their coasts. Do it the justice to believe, that it needs only to know the facts, to disavow all acts contrary to the laws of the Republic, and its own decrees. A remedy is preparing for it, and orders will soon arrive in the West-Indies calculated to cause every thing to return within its just limits, until an amicable arrangement between France and the United States, shall re-establish them respectively in the enjoyment to their treaties."
From the Boston Chronicle.
REPRESENTATIVE ELECTION. The Republicans of Massachusetts, so far as we have heard, (excepting 6 or 8 towns) have been faithful to the cause of truth and rational liberty. Our friends in the country may rest assured that we do not give up the expectation of having a Republican majority in the next House of Representatives. If the Republican towns yet to be heard from, act with the same firmness as Wilbraham, and choose their full constitutional number, success is certain: Let every Republican Representative determine to be in Boston the day preceding the election, and all will yet be well, federal statements of nett gain, &c. to the contrary notwithstanding.
We understand four vessels arrived at Bristol, (R. I.) the last week, from the Havana, full of French passengers, the unfortunate sufferers by the late disturbances at that place. N. Y. Pub. Advertiser.
The total votes given in for Governor of Connecticut at the late election were For Jonathan Trumbull, Fed. 14,650 Asa Spalding, Rep. 8,150
Fed. Maj. 6,500 The legislature met at Hartford on the 4th inst. and chose Lyman Law Speaker of the lower House. The Council is federal of course. The Boston papers state the federal gain of Representatives in 160 towns, at eight. The Senate will consist of 22 federalists, and 18 republicans.
To Mr. Gerry Envoy of the U. States. Presuming, sir, that you have not yet embarked, I address to you a decree of the Executive Directory, wherein you will find a part of the measures, which I announced to you the fourth of this month. Its solicitude will not be confined to that. Neutrals in general, will have reason soon to be convinced of its firm attachment to the principles to which it is desirous that all the maritime nations might agree. It depends upon the United
States in particular, to cause every misunderstanding immediately to disappear between them and the French Republic.
Accept, Sir, The assurance of my perfect consideration. (Signed) CH. MAU. TALLEYRAND.
Extract from a memorandum containing the substance of a conference with the Dutch Minister the 25th of July, 1798
Just before dinner, the Dutch minister called on me and said, he had received from Mr. Talleyrand, a printed copy of his letter to me, dated 24th Messidor, (12th July) that the Dutch government took a friendly part in the disputes between France and the United States, and that he came to offer his services, and the mediation of his government, who had authorized and instructed him on this head.
I answered, that the conduct of Mr. Talleyrand, in publishing his letter to me, had an hostile appearance; that if a mediation could be supposed necessary, it must be offered to the government of the U. States: I had no authority to accept it: that if the government of France was sincere in its declaration, made through Mr. Talleyrand, its minister, all that was wanting was to open a negotiation; for he had expressed a desire to show by treaty how well disposed France was to put an end to these disputes; that the government of the U. States was so reasonable, and just in its demands, that it could not fail to evince a good disposition to reconciliation, that the etiquette of setting on foot a negotiation appeared at present to be the only embarrassment; more especially as the principal obstruction to a negotiation had ceased, this government having relinquished all claims of loans and reparations on account of the President's speeches.
Extracts from the letter of Mr. Gerry to Timothy Pickering, Esq. secretary of State, dated Nantasket Road, 1st October, 1798
When I left the United States in August, 1797, the citizens in general appeared to be earnestly desirous of a reconciliation with France, on terms consistent with the honor, interest, and welfare of the two republics; these, being free from claims and controversies in regard to territory, boundaries, and many matters which embroil states, and from competitions relative to their productions, manufactures, and commerce, had a mutual and manifest interest in the renewal of their commercial and friendly intercourse with each other.—Nature seemed to have entitled the U. States in their remote situation to the peaceable pursuit of their industry, by means whereof, in its various branches their wealth and power were rapidly increasing; and to an exemption from the conflicts of Europe; which, involving them would check their population, drain their resources, and ensure their poverty. On a candid investigation then of the causes of the unhappy differences between the two governments, on a disposition to correct errors, to which all governments are more or less liable, and on their mutual resolution to reciprocate justice, the success of the mission was conceived to depend; and as this temper marked the plan of pacification adopted by the government of the U. States, there was a rational prospect of success.
On the 26th of July, I left Paris; and from the best information which I could obtain relative to the disposition of the executive directory (for I never had any direct communication with them) they were very desirous of a reconciliation between the republics. Every impediment to my departure had been adopted by the French minister; and he would have prevented it, had he succeeded in his plan of an epistolary discussion; his object was, as I conceived, to gain time for ascertaining, whether the U. States were then disposed to a treaty; or if this he manifested doubts, being persuaded that their resentment was too great to admit of it. He seemed also to apprehend, that in consequence of the incredible exertions of G. Britain, and the unequivocal evidence she had given of her ability to defend herself, they were inclined to avenge their injuries, by an alliance with her; and that should France come forward with overtures or the plan of a treaty, she would fail therein, and compromise her honor. I was never theless of opinion, that should France be just and liberal in her measures, the government of the U. States would still meet her on the ground of accommodation. My judgement was the result of their instructions; for I had never received any official intelligence since my departure from America: I have the evidence uniformly inculcated that sentiment.
Having been thus in a situation, wherein, amidst a series of events and embarrassments I have invariably pursued what appeared to me the honor, interest and welfare of my country, and being guided by the sense of the government, as far as I could ascertain it. If the door is still open to peace, the establishment of it must be an happy event to the United States, as it will exempt them from calamities, which notwithstanding delusive appearances, will with short intervals probably continue for half a century, to exhaust and depopulate Europe.
From the Boston Chronicle.
REPRESENTATIVE ELECTION. The Republicans of Massachusetts, so far as we have heard, (excepting 6 or 8 towns) have been faithful to the cause of truth and rational liberty. Our friends in the country may rest assured that we do not give up the expectation of having a Republican majority in the next House of Representatives. If the Republican towns yet to be heard from, act with the same firmness as Wilbraham, and choose their full constitutional number, success is certain: Let every Republican Representative determine to be in Boston the day preceding the election, and all will yet be well, federal statements of nett gain, &c. to the contrary notwithstanding.
We understand four vessels arrived at Bristol, (R. I.) the last week, from the Havana, full of French passengers, the unfortunate sufferers by the late disturbances at that place. N. Y. Pub. Advertiser.
The total votes given in for Governor of Connecticut at the late election were For Jonathan Trumbull, Fed. 14,650 Asa Spalding, Rep. 8,150
Fed. Maj. 6,500 The legislature met at Hartford on the 4th inst. and chose Lyman Law Speaker of the lower House. The Council is federal of course. The Boston papers state the federal gain of Representatives in 160 towns, at eight. The Senate will consist of 22 federalists, and 18 republicans.
The Boston papers state the federal gain of Representatives in 160 towns, at eight. The Senate will consist of 22 federalists, and 18 republicans.
The Boston papers state the federal gain of Representatives in 160 towns, at eight. The Senate will consist of 22 federalists, and 18 republicans.
British vessels are continually arriving in the United States from England, with various merchandise which are utterly destined to Nova Scotia and Canada, to take home ship timber, masts &c. Between 5 and 600 ships are said to be employed in this business. Bost. Cent.
AARON BURR.
Advises are said to have been received from London, by the arrival of the Brig Levan, stating that this profligate Traitor left that city sometime in the month of March last, and was waiting at one of the out ports for the sailing of a ship bound for the United States, on board of which he was to take his passage—we can hardly credit the relation, conceiving his temerity not quite so infatuated as to venture on a step so very outrageous, as he has surely by his intrigues and treason, insulted the Union sufficiently without adding to the measure of his infamy.
We give this information without absolutely vouching for its authenticity, however we shall endeavor to sift the report, and in the event of learning the name of the vessel, shall think it our duty to put as well the government, as the citizens at large on their guard. Demo. Press.
WASHINGTON, May 9. The frigate John Adams, Capt. Evans, left the Navy Yard at this place on Tuesday last, and proceeded down the River. The Essex is expected to sail in a day or two.
NORFOLK, May 19.
Captain Goodwin, arrived here yesterday in 16 days from St. Bartholomews, informs, that on the morning of the day on which he left that place, Adm. Cochrane, with two line of battle ships, two frigates and a sloop of war, anchored in the harbor, having in company a French 74, a prize, one of the squadron that made its escape from the Saints which he captured a few days before after a running fight to the northward and eastward of Sambarras. The remainder of the French ships escaped owing to their superior sailing.—The only damage the prize ship received was a few shot holes in her hull. Herald.
NEW YORK, May 16.
A gentleman who arrived here in the brig Jane from St. Bartholomews, informs, that Admiral Cochrane had taken two of the French ships of the line that made their escape from the Saints. The other one made her escape by superior sailing.
Captain Renegan, of brig Clio, arrived at Philadelphia, in 16 days from St. Jago de Cuba, brought with him 45 passengers, chiefly women and children, being part of the French inhabitants ordered off by the Spaniards; 2000 of whom had sailed for the Mississippi in vessels hired for that purpose. He informs that business was dull, owing to the great emigration of the French; that flour was selling at 10 dollars, clear of duty.
LATEST FROM EUROPE.
A postscript to a letter from St. Bartholomews, dated the 28th of April, contains the important news which follows:
"I open my letter to say that by a vessel yesterday from Liverpool, we have news to the 28th ult. [8 days later than by the Ann] by which it certainly appears, hostilities have commenced between Austria & France, and that peace between Russia and Britain is before this supposed to have taken place." N. Y. Gazette.
THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, MAY 23, 1809.
IMPORTANT IDEA.
A most rational reflection is said to have fallen from the lips of a Federal member of congress, who was in this city a few days since. Even admitting that the President's message should not hold out any assurances of an adjustment of affairs with France—Why go to war with her—or why change our attitude as to her—at this time? She has given us a species of pledge, that she would take off her decrees, if Britain would rescind her orders—as to the U. S.—Let us then see whether France will comply with this pledge; let us give her an opportunity to do it.—The interposition of Congress under such circumstances would be, in every point of view, ill-timed & premature—it would be possibly taking a step which might thwart the negotiation—it might be tying up the hands of the President of the U. S. in the prosecution of a matter, which might possibly be in a favorable train of adjustment.
The length of the present session of Congress will materially depend upon the discussion of a war with France—Exertions may be made to press this measure. When the Essex Junto and the other oppositionists, shall assemble at Washington, they will hold caucuses—compare notes—and if they find their strength great enough to command a respectable vote, they will at all events "Cry havoc, and let slip the dogs of disputation."
Extract of a letter to the Editor.
"For some time past I have intended writing you, and should have done so, but for the expectation of seeing you before Congress met."
"Attempts will be made, I am told, in consequence of the favorable prospects of adjustment of our matters with Europe, to remit all fines, &c. incurred under the embargo. Mr. Gallatin, I understand, th' ks he is not fully authorised to act, and will lay allay all the petitions before Congress, although the law gives him full power. An opinion is prevailing with the merchants, that all the Embargo bonds are illegally taken, inasmuch as that the laws so specially made did not give Mr. G. sufficient power to instruct the collectors as he did, or that his instructions were not within the letter of the law. This subject will, in my opinion, produce more heated debate than any that will come before Congress—Most of the violations being by the eastern people, (who are generally represented too by the enemies of the embargo) they will endeavor to get rid of every penalty, when the Southern Members who are so vexed, will use every exertion to enforce the Laws, or to recover the penalties—Should all fines be remitted, we need never have an Embargo passed again—for there will be no respect paid to it; besides the officers will not use the least exertions to detect persons disposed to carry on a trade vs. such Laws—Hard it would be if the fines be remitted, that congress should affect the interest of the officers whose part of the fines may be material to them."
"There are many truly hard cases for the securities and in such I could not be reconciled to take from an innocent man his
all—and, his family ruined for ever—but there are many cases where too much suspicion of intention is attached to the security as well as the principal."
"We understand that in some cases in this district, the securities have been actually indemnified."
TO THE EDITOR OF THE ENQUIRER.
SIR, In your paper of the 16th instant; I gave a demonstration of the properties of a rotatory wheel along a plane, and a general application of the same principle to the motion of the Earth round the Sun, with the consequences resulting from this motion. I shall now proceed to investigate and illustrate these consequences more particularly than I did in my last essay; although my professional engagements permit but a very small portion of time for such purposes.
I am well aware of the ridicule generally attached to those who form new theories and depart from the established systems of the scientific world. There is no one more averse than myself to abandon systems which have been firmly established upon mathematical principles, or no one who holds in higher reverence both the name and works of Newton; yet whenever any other can support his doctrines by geometrical demonstration, I shall always be ready to hear him.
In my last essay, I observed that the velocity of the upper point, was to that of the center of gravity, as twice the chord of the arch of the circle over which they might have moved, to the difference between twice the Diameter and twice the chord of the circle over which they might have moved, to the difference between the Diameter and the chord of the supplement of that arch. From whence without making any other calculation, I concluded that when the arch was nothing, their velocities must be equal; but since after calculating these respective proportions in different points of the Quadrant, I found a consequence of a very different nature and still more surprising will result; for then the velocity of the upper point will be to that of the center point as infinity to nothing; or in plain terms, that after the upper and lower points have described very small arches, the velocity of the upper point may be a million of times greater than the velocity of the center point. This no doubt will appear incredible to many, who even doubted that the upper point of the wheel goes swifter than the center point; to be told that for a certain, although very small space, the upper point of a wheel may move a million of times swifter, than its corresponding center point. Yet the assertion is a correct one, and I am also warranted in the same conclusion by a paper, which I have seen on this subject by Professor Blackburn of Williamsburgh, a gentleman whose mathematical talents I hold in the highest respect.
The center point, therefore, when in contact with the ground may be considered as stationary, and its velocity gradually to increase until it reaches the horizontal line when it becomes equal to that of its opposite point.
When the upper & lower points had each described thirty degrees, I found that the velocity of the upper point was to that of the center point as 5177 to 758. When they had moved over forty-five degrees, their velocities were to each other as 7653 to 1867; and when they had described an arch of sixty degrees, they were in the proportion of 10 000 to 5404.
Let us now apply this to the motion of the Earth round the Sun. On the 21st of March the sun entered Aries; therefore the Earth was in the opposite point of Libra; and as the Earth revolves round its axis from West to East, all those points in the Hemisphere next the sun will move slower than the points of the opposite Hemisphere; wherefore the gravity of matter will be most and the centrifugal force least at noon, on the twenty first of March. Again, on the 22nd of September the sun enters Libra and the Earth Aries; therefore the gravity of matter will be most & the centrifugal force least at midnight on the 22nd of September, or at noon on that day the gravity of matter will be least and the centrifugal force greatest. The reason of this will readily appear from examining the second and third corollaries in my last essay.
Wherefore it appears, that from the 21st of March until the 22nd of September, that particular moment when gravity is most, has a variation of a few minutes later every twenty-four hours, and in like manner it has a similar variation from the 22nd of September until the 21st of March.
To calculate the particular hour when gravity is most for every day in the year, several circumstances must be taken into consideration, viz: the inclination of the axis of the earth to its orbit; her irregular progressive motion, and the particular species of cycloid which the earth describes. These would lead to calculations which my present time does not permit.—But to compare the effect, which the earth's rotation has upon the tides, with the effect which the moon produces, it is requisite that these calculations should first be made, and a table constructed, showing the proportion between the velocity of the points of the opposite hemisphere of the earth for every day and hour in the year.
In the same manner also as Sir Isaac Newton has calculated (Prop. XX. Book III. of the Principia) the length of the pendulum for the several degrees of latitude from the poles to the equator, and the weights of bodies for these latitudes; so likewise a table may be constructed, exhibiting the length of the pendulum and the weights of bodies, for every hour and minute of the day throughout the year. It has been frequently observed, that the best pendulums have varied in the twenty-four hours of the earth's rotation; but the cause has always been attributed to a change of temperature in the atmosphere, and not to a change of gravity in matter.
The atmosphere is affected by the earth's rotation in two ways. It is affected in the same manner as the tides by the gravity of the matter, which composes it, always changing. It is also affected by the action of light (which may be considered a fluid) upon its rotatory motion; since this motion is different in the opposite parts of the atmosphere. I cannot explain this better than by quoting the enunciation of the 32d Prop. of the 2d Book, and the first corollary of Newton's Principia.
Prop. 32d.—If a solid sphere, in an uniform and infinite fluid, revolves about an axis given in position with a uniform motion, and the fluid be forced round by only this impulse of the sphere; and every part of the fluid perseveres uniformly in its motion:—I say, that the periodic times of the parts of the fluid, are as the squares of their distances from the centre of the sphere.
But in all this I cannot find the proposition respecting the wheel which has lately agitated the mind. The properties of the Cycloid upon which it depends are explained; but the idea itself, that the upper part of a wheel moves swifter than the center point, is no where suggested. Nor do I believe ever was suggested, for if it had, neither Sir Isaac
Newton, nor any other writer, has treated of the parts of the wheel, the axis of the globe are reciprocally as the squares of the distances from the centre of the globe, and the absolute velocities are reciprocally as the same squares applied to the distances from the axis.
An ingenious writer in the last "Visitor," affirms, that the Problem, respecting the wheel, is nothing new, and refers to the articles "Roulement, Roue, Roue d'Aristote, Cycloide, Trochoide in the French Encyclopedia, in the possession of Mr. Chevalier.—Much as I respect the talents and erudition of this writer, with whom I have the pleasure of being acquainted; yet I must beg leave to differ from him on this point. Another gentleman in Richmond, who is also possessed of the French Encyclopedia, has been so obliging as to favor me with the volumes containing these articles, which I have perused, and although a very particular account of the cycloid is given in them, yet the proposition in question, "that the upper part of a wheel, revolving along a plane, moves swifter than the center part," is no where mentioned. But that the curious may judge for themselves, I have transcribed those passages which most apply to the present question, and to prevent any dispute respecting the translation of terms, I have thought it better to give them in French than in English; as it is to be presumed, that those readers who are interested in this subject, understand that language.
Under the article Cycloide, are the following observations: "La Cycloide est une courbe assez moderne; et quelques personnes en attribuent l'invention au P. Mersenne, d'autres à Galilée; mais le docteur Wallis prétend qu'elle est de plus ancienne date; qu'elle a été connue d'un certain Borillas vers l'année 1300 et que le Cardinal Cusa en avoit même fait mention long-tems auparavant, c'est à dire avant l'an 1401"
"Il est constant, remarque M. Formey, que le P. Mersenne aiguisa le premier la formation de la Cycloide, en la proposant à tous les géomètres de son tems, lesquels s'y appliquant à l'envi, y firent alors plusieurs découvertes; en sorte qu'il étoit difficile de juger à qui étoit dû l'honneur de la première invention. Delà vint cette célèbre contestation entre M. de Roberval, Torricelli, Descartes, Lalovée, &c. qui fit alors tant de bruit parmi les savans."
"Depuis ce tems-là à peine a-t-on trouvé un mathématicien tant soit peu distingué, qui n'ait éprouvé ses forces sur cette ligne, en tâchant d'y découvrir quelque nouvelle propriété. Les plus belles nous ont été laissées par M. Pascal, Huyghens, Wallis, Wren, Leibnitz, Bernoulli, &c."
"Cette courbe a des propriétés bien singulières. Son identité avec sa développée, les chutes en tems égaux par des arcs inégaux de cette courbe et la plus vite descente, sont les plus remarquables."
"Ceux qui voudront s'instruire dans un plus grand détail de l'histoire de la cycloide pourront consulter la vie de Descartes en 4to, par M. Baillet, liv. iv. chap. xij. xv. Il résulte de l'histoire assez étendue que cet auteur en donne."
"1. Que le premier qui a remarqué cette ligne dans la nature, mais sans en pénétrer les propriétés, a été le P. Mersenne qui lui a donné le nom de roulette."
"2d. Que le premier qui en a connu la nature, et qui en a démontré l'espace, a été M. de Roberval qui l'a appelée d'un nom tiré du grec, trochoide."
"3d. Que le premier qui en a trouvé la tangente, a été M. Descartes, et presque en même tems M. de Fermat, quoique d'une manière défectueuse; après quoi M. de Roberval en a le premier mesuré les plans et les solides et donné la centre de gravité du plan et de ses parties."
"4th. Que le premier qui l'a nommée cycloide a été M. de Baugrand; que le premier qui se l'est attribuée devant le public, et qui l'a donnée au jour, a été Torricelli."
"5th. Que le premier qui en a mesuré la ligne courbe et ses parties, et qui en a donné la comparaison avec la ligne droite, a été M. Wren, sans la démontrer."
"6th. Que le premier qui a trouvé le centre de gravité des solides, et demi-solides de la ligne et de ses parties, tant autour de la base qu'autour de l'axe, a été M. Pascal; que le même a aussi trouvé le premier le centre de gravité de la ligne et de ses parties; la dimension et le centre de gravité des surfaces, demi-surfaces, quart de surfaces, &c. décrites par la ligne et par ses parties tournées autour de la base et autour de l'axe; et enfin la dimension de toutes les lignes courbes des cycloïdes allongées ou accourcies—M. Pascal publia ces propriétés de la cycloide dans un petit livre imprimé au commencement de 1658, sous le titre de traité de la roulette et sous le nom de A. d'Eguville. Il est fort rare, le libraire n'en ayant tiré que 120 exemplaires."
The remainder of this article is occupied by explaining the application of the Cycloid to the Pendulum by M. Huygens.
Under the article Roue—The paragraph most applicable to the present question is the following—
"Le seul et unique mouvement qui ait la roue, est un mouvement curviligne, composé du mouvement progressif et du mouvement circulaire; ce qu'on peut voir aisément en fixant un crayon sur la roue de manière qu'il marque sa trace sur la muraille pendant que la roue tourne; car la ligne qui se trouve tracée alors est une vraie courbe; cette courbe s'appelle par les géomètres cycloide, et elle est autant moins courte que le crayon a été placé plus proche de l'axe."
The article Roue d'Aristote is only an explanation of the problem mentioned in the Visitor suggested by Aristotle. That "during a complete revolution of the wheel, a line equal to the circumference thereof is described on the ground; why then, during one revolution also of any concentric circle within the wheel is a line described by that circle, greater than its circumference?"
Under the article Roulement there is the following—
M. de Fontenelle dans sa pluralité des mondes, veut expliquer ces deux mouvements par la comparaison d'une boule qui roule sur un plan en même tems qu'elle avance. Mais le mouvement progressif de la boule produit nécessairement son mouvement de rotation, au lieu qu'il n'est pas sur que la rotation des planètes sur leurs axes vienne du même principe que leur révolution annuelle; et que ces deux mouvements paraissent même entièrement indépendans l'un de l'autre.
But in all this I cannot find the proposition respecting the wheel which has lately agitated the mind. The properties of the Cycloid upon which it depends are explained; but the idea itself, that the upper part of a wheel moves swifter than the center point, is no where suggested. Nor do I believe ever was suggested, for if it had, neither Sir Isaac

Newton or his cotemporaries would have passed it over unnoticed. Manchester Academy, 3 21st May, 1809.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE ENQUIRER.
SIR, A gentleman equally eminent for his scientific acquirements, and his polemical skill, contests the legitimacy of the inference which I have drawn from several articles in the French Encyclopedia.
A thousand and one reasons induce me to think that my conclusion is logical, candid, and perfectly consonant to every rule of interpretation. A ware, however, that the interest excited by such discussions is fugitive and short-lived, and unwilling to encroach upon the claims of that mass of interesting object to concentrate in your columns, I shall content myself, at present, with proposing to the ingenious gentleman a few questions.
1. Was not the transcendent curve, called the cycloid, discovered in consequence of attending to the motion of the wheel, and the phenomena of its motion? 2. Was not one of the results that flowed from the discovery, this principle (most important in mechanical philosophy): "a body moving in a cycloid describes unequal arcs in equal times?" 3. Could that result, possibly be obtained, in a theory founded entirely and essentially upon the phenomena which the motion of the wheel presents, without considering the arcs described at the same time by two points of the wheel in different situations, or successively by the same point in situations relatively different? Now what is this, if not precisely the question of the upper and lower point, or of the lower point followed through all the stages of a complete revolution? Res, non verba; it is the essence and not the form that we pursue.
"Si quid novisti rectius istis, Candidus impeti; si non, his utere mecum."
Science, consists in general truths intended to be applied to particular cases of the same description. The formulas of arithmetic, and algebra, the propositions of elementary and transcendent geometry, are all of this nature. To generalize is the great end of mathematicians. No wonder, then, if, though clearly implied in the articles to which I have alluded, the question of the upper point is not minutely detailed. Our house-builders, when they want to erect a perpendicular to a base, make use of the numbers 3, 4 and 5; our surveyors, in measuring the horizontal angles sustained by three objects, suppose the Capitol, the Penitentiary, and the Armory, find the sum of those angles equal to 180°, or two right angles. Shall we consider both as modern discoveries and assert that neither Pythagoras nor Euclid knew any thing of the matter; because, forsooth, the 47th of the first book, does not precisely say that the squares of 3 and 4 are together equal to the square of 5. and the 32nd of the same book, demonstrates only in a general way that the three angles of every triangle are equal to the two right angles? But, Mr. Enquirer, I will say no more. The subject is too seducing. I must be upon my guard. I have so many things to say and those I deem so rational, so solid, so interesting! Truly, you must thank me for not introducing in this place my two "handsome" explanations of the famous problem, the one founded on the simple consideration of plus & minus , of debit and credit ; the other requiring no higher aid than that of the laws of compound motion. You ought also to rejoice at my saving you the trouble to follow me to the celestial regions; for,
"Iuvat ire per astra, Juvat terris etiam si sede relictis, nubem veli."
There I would show you systems of systems; our sun the centre of concentric wheels; the planets so many points in those wheels, and some of them the centers themselves of other wheels in the circumference of which their satellites are also points. The progressive motion would clearly appear—our sun revolves round a larger sun—at least, its centre is not stationary—Hence each planet considered successively as the upper and the lower point must vary its velocity; but of this, and other such lofty conceptions more hereafter—I have some little matters to arrange on earth before I take my contemplated ethereal excursion.
Yours, &c. QUIS, QUID, UBI.
Extract from Fontenelle on the Cycloid.
LITERALLY TRANSLATED.
"The nature of the cycloid is such that a body moving in that curve, acquires a greater velocity in proportion, as it describes a greater arc, precisely in the Ratio necessary in order that the time employed by it in describing each arc be always the same, whatever may be the length (or greatness) of the arc which the body traverses; and thence results the equality in the times, notwithstanding the inequality of the arcs, because the velocity happens to be exactly greater or less in the same proportion as the arc is greater or less."
The above is the passage from Fontenelle which struck me most forcibly in reading the French Encyclopedia, article Cycloid. (See that article in said work.)
Q. Q. U. As soon as the non intercourse is at an end, I shall procure Descartes, Pascal, Wallis, &c. and have no doubt of finding in their works the whole problem, and its various circumstances.
TO THE PEOPLE OF VIRGINIA.
NO. VI.
FELLOW-CITIZENS,
Before I go on with the chain of evidence, to show my exertions to procure the best iron, I beg leave to call to your recollection a publication by Mr. Jno. Strode, of the county of Culpeper, in the Virginian of the 15th September, 1808, in which, speaking of several forges that could have supplied me with good iron, he says, "Lastly, I ought not to omit the extraordinary property of Carter Beverley, Esq. These are native, genuine, pure iron, without the least specific mixture of any pernicious quality." There cannot be a more apt introduction to the following letter, from the very Mr. Beverley, whose ore are thus warmly eulogized.
Beverley's Works, Rockbridge County, June 3d, 1806.
SIR,
A letter last post from Robert Gamble, Esq. communicated very unpleasant information to us. The refusal of the last load of iron, at the armory. We have in consequence displaced our forgesman, and until we get others from Pennsylvania, we have supplied ourselves with men who come well recommended. As we work for fame as well as emolument, no stone shall be left unturned until our iron obtains a high character, and when it does, our possibilities shall not be wanting to maintain it. We therefore trust you will, upon receiving good iron, always give us a decided preference. The fostering hand of government and of such institutions as the one now established in Richmond, we are sensible ought not to escape our particular notice. We shall do all we can to please, and then we have a right to calculate upon encouragement from the armory.
We are, with every apology for this liberty,
Sir, yours, &c. C. & P. BEVERLEY. Maj. John Clarke, Superintendent of the Armory, Richmond.
To this I returned the following answer:
RICHMOND, June 11th, 1806.
SIR, Your letter of the 3d inst. has been duly received, and by which I am glad to find you determined to make your bar-iron of such good quality as to obtain it a high character. I am sorry that the iron last sent was so hard and brittle, and of such unequal qualities that it would not answer for the manufacture of arms. I hope you will succeed in making it of the best and most malleable quality, in such case my duty and inclination will compel me to give a decided preference to the bar-iron manufactured in our own state.
I am, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, JOHN CLARKE.
Messrs. C. & P. Beverley.
What became of this engagement on the part of Mr. Beverley, as well as of other engagements on the part of other manufacturers in this commonwealth, will appear presently, by the affidavit of Col. Robert Gamble, of the city of Richmond.
In the mean time, Col. Mathew Harvey of Fincastle, having sent down a specimen of the iron made at his forge, I addressed to him the following letter on this subject:
VIRGINIA MANUFACTORY OF ARMS, October 3d, 1806.
DEAR SIR, I have received your letter of the 22d ult. per negro Billy. The iron sent by his waggon, has been delivered here, and appears to be good; but we have not yet had time to make trial of its quality. I am sorry to inform you that the sum appropriated by the last general assembly for making arms is so nearly exhausted, that I do not expect it will be sufficient to keep the works going until the meeting of the Legislature. Thus circumstanced, I have thought proper to have your iron kept separate from any other, so that you may either have it again on application, or wait for payment until another appropriation shall be made by the Legislature. The making of arms requires the purest and most malleable iron. One hundred and twenty-eight dollars and fifty cents is the highest price we have given. Should your iron prove to be of such good quality, the same price will be allowed for it, and I heartily hope that the mines of our country, will be found capable of producing iron equal to any in the world; and surely they ought to be encouraged in preference to any other. There are ninety three bars of iron delivered here by Billy, which weigh One Ton, Nine Hundred, One Quarter and twenty-five pounds. I am, Dear Sir, Your most obedient servant, JOHN CLARKE.
Col. Matthew Harvey, Fincastle.
Here follows a correspondence which took place between Col. (now Gen.) James Brackenridge, of Botetourt county, and myself, relative to a quantity of iron furnished from his forge.
Copy of my letter to Col. James Brackenridge.
VIRGINIA MANUFACTORY OF ARMS, March 30th, 1808.
DEAR SIR, The quantity of bar-iron first sent by your order, is generally good; but in parts of some of the bars, it was coarse and brittle; owing to a want of attention in the process of making it at the Forge. The ore is (I think) of excellent quality, but in converting it into bars, care should be taken to divert it of all impure or extraneous matter, which prevents it from being tough and malleable, and proper for making arms. A considerable portion of this iron was drawn into bars quite too narrow for our purpose. A wagon load of your iron was lately brought to Richmond and lodged with Mr. Robt. Gordon; from which we have selected all that would answer the purpose of making arms. But the quality was not so good as that of the first sent. Two boats loaded with your iron, arrived here yesterday, but the bars were quite too narrow for our use, and it was carried to Mr. Dickinson's Lumberhouse. Iron for musket barrels must be pure and highly malleable, and the bars must be, from three inches to three and a half wide, and about five eighths of an inch thick.
I am, Dear Sir, With great respect and esteem, Your obedient servant, JOHN CLARKE.
Col. James Brackenridge, Botetourt.
Colonel Brackenridge's reply to my letter of March 30th 1808. At Home, April 11, 1808.
DEAR SIR,
Your favour of 30th ult. is this moment received and I am much surprised at learning that you refused to receive the iron last sent. I know that it was made out of the same kind of metal that the former was, and drawn to the same size, about which I do not understand there was any difficulty. You now say that, Iron for musket barrels, must be of bars from 3 inches to 3 3/4 wide & about 5/8 thick, but when we contracted, the size directed was 3 wide & 3/4 inch thick, & you'll find what is sent drawn accordingly. The truth is the contract was of your own seeking and I have fulfilled it on my part, and must certainly sustain much loss and inconvenience unless it is received. Indeed I have put myself to uncommon trouble to obtain it as well because I had contracted to do so, as because I know it to be of superior quality and the best found, of such that could be obtained at the same works until next fall. I hope with this explanation you will receive it without difficulty.
Your obedient servant, JAMES BRACKENRIDGE.
Copy of my answer to Col. Brackenridge's letter to me of the 11th April, 1808.
VIRGINIA MANUFACTORY OF ARMS, April 20th 1808.
DEAR SIR,
I this day received your letter of the 11th instant, acknowledging the receipt of mine of the 30th ultimo, and am sorry that you should experience the least inconvenience in relation to the iron sent down by you. But you will surely be convinced, that the only difficulty in the business, has been produced by the bars being drawn too small for making musket barrels, when I assure you that none of them (I mean those sent down last) are three inches wide; and that most of them are only about two and an half inches wide
and half an inch thick, for the truth of which I refer you to Mr. Robt. Gamble, jun., and to Mr. Dickinson, who this day, with me, examined and saw the bars again measured. As we were in want of good iron when yours came down, it cannot be supposed, that we would refuse it, if it would have answered the purpose—let me repeat to you, that if the bars are not three inches wide and half an inch thick, we cannot make musket barrels of it; bars of smaller size have not sufficient substance for that purpose: if they are rather over that size, they may be drawn smaller here, but if too small at first, we cannot make them larger. I mentioned in my last letter to you, that the bars should be from three inches to three and an half wide, and about five eighths of an inch thick, with a view that it should be drawn sufficiently large, so that no difficulty should arise on that score; and in future I hope you will have it drawn to that size. Your iron is of excellent quality, and when made pure and the bars of proper size, it is equal to any we have worked, and such as I should always be glad to use. When your iron came down last, I examined it in the boats in which it came, and found so little of it would answer the purpose, that I thought it best to send the whole, to Mr. Dickinson's. I have this day had it picked over, and have taken of it two tons, ten hundred, two quarters and twenty-two pounds, which is all we can select from it, that we can use; and I assure, I am sorry we cannot take the whole, as it is a disappointment to us as well as to yourself.
I am respectfully, Sir, Your ob't. serv't.
JOHN CLARKE.
Col. James Brackenridge, Botetourt.
But my efforts to procure iron of the best quality were not confined to Philadelphia and my native state. The executive as well as myself were anxious to ascertain, by an extensive comparison, where the metal best adapted to the purpose of making arms could be procured. On this subject I refer to the following affidavits of Col. Robert Gamble and Mr. Gabriel Ralston, as also to the parole evidence of Mr. Bream, before the armory committee.
Mr. Gabriel Ralston's Affidavit.
I do hereby certify that I have been in the habit of procuring large quantities of bar iron for making arms at the Virginia Manufactory for several years, having formerly resided at Philadelphia, and having connections who yet reside there. The Superintendent was I presume, on that account supposed to suppose that it would be more in my power than in that of any other merchant in Richmond, to procure from Philadelphia such iron as he required. I do further certify, that the Superintendent in all his contracts with me (they were verbal) insisted on my furnishing bar iron of the best possible quality, which I invariably endeavored to do, yet it frequently so happened that the iron forwarded to me as of the very best quality, was not altogether of so good a description as was required, and parts of it were consequently refused. From the solicitude always manifested by the Superintendent to obtain iron of the purest quality, I without hesitation certify it to be my opinion that no officer in the public employment could have been more zealous and in the discharge of this duty.
(Signed) GAB. RALSTON.
City of Richmond, February 11, 1809 To Wit.
This day Gabriel Ralston personally made oath before me a magistrate for said city, that the above certificate as by himself subscribed contains the truth, &c.
Given under my hand, &c. (Signed) JOHN G. SMITH.
Col. Robert Gamble's affidavit—(a copy.)
In consequence of applications from proprietors of iron works, and dealers in iron in this and other states—desirous of furnishing the armory with that article—and the numerous solicitations of Major John Clarke, (the Superintendent) to endeavor to procure iron suitable for manufacturing arms—It has been my lot, for several years, to furnish from time to time, considerable quantities thereof.—But notwithstanding repeated & urgent instructions from the Superintendent through me to the gentlemen concerned, respecting the size—and particularly, that the quality be malleable and of the best kind—it frequently occurred—when brought to the armory & tried by the officers—that small parcels only thereof would answer, and the quantities of iron thus rejected, became matter of inconvenience and irksome remonstrance. But it was urged by him, that with all imaginable care, the loss from scraps off the ends of very short bars, and bad parts of others discovered when working, to the public, was continually accumulating—and the best quality only could be received. Quantities of Swedish iron, esteemed by the owners at Baltimore, &c. superior to that manufactured in America, have also been forwarded, and the greater part, after strict examination and trial, were also refused—and this at times too when the institution stood in need of supplies.
The Superintendent expressed his desire when compatible with his duty, at all times to give the preference to that manufactured in our own state. And it seemed a matter of regret, when compelled to get supplies by importation from other states; for that although several iron works in Virginia possessed excellent ore; and sometimes iron of the best quality came to the Armory, yet other parcels from the same works were unfrequently presumed from negligence in having the bars sufficiently wrought under the hammer at the forge.—Particular instances frequently occurred, when Beverley's works were under the management of Mr. John Miller.—The owners of which contemplated to furnish at least fifty ton annually prepared and suited for the purpose of making arms, & for which an extra price was allowed, wherein part of parcels from thence was very good and other parts so brittle as rendered it unfit for that purpose.
Having occasion, as well by accompanying a number of strangers wishing to visit the Armory from time to time, as that of business, to see and observe the conduct of the officers and particularly that of the superintendent—His unceasing exertions and anxiety to procure the best Iron—the zeal and enthusiasm evinced for the success of the institution, on all occasions, impressed my mind that his labours and talents in the service of the public, were not surpassed by any officer of the state.
(Signed) RO. GAMBLE.
City of Richmond Feb. 11, 1809. To Wit.
Col. Robert Gamble personally appeared before me a magistrate for said City, and made oath to the enjoined statement as by himself subscribed.
Given under my hand, &c. (Signed) JOHN G. SMITH.
The evidence of Mr. Bream, another very respectable merchant of the city of Richmond, corresponded, in substance, with that of Col. Gamble and Mr. Ralston. That gentleman after speaking, in general terms, of the great care and attention used in selecting materials, purchased from his house, such as steel and sheet-iron, files, &c. added that he had had orders to get articles from New-York for the armory; that in such cases, samples were first required, and if approved, the articles were then ordered, and not before.
I request the candid reader to compare this evidence with the charge extracted from the report of the armory committee and published in my last number. They admit, indeed, that I have made "considerable exertions," yet in the same breath they accuse me, by the strongest implication, of depending on common sale iron: iron and reproach me for not having made standing contracts with some large forges for warranted iron. Have I depended on common sale iron? The charge, if I understand it, means that I have taken up iron in any of the shops, wherever it was to be had, without reference to its quality, and without any power of throwing it back on the seller, if it should be found, on experiment, unfit for use. Let the correspondence and affidavits which have been exhibited, be my answer to this charge.—But I ought to have made standing contracts for warranted iron: and what benefit I ask could be derived from such contracts which was not equally derived from the kind of contracts which I did make? If it should be argued, that the warranty would act as a stimulus to the seller, to make his iron of the best quality, I ask how it would thus act? The answer will be, because the seller would know that unless he complied with his warranty, his iron would be returned upon his hands; but this was precisely the nature of my engagement with the various forges in this state; and Col. Gamble proves that this condition was rigidly fulfilled. It is not easy to read the letters from the various owners of forges above published, and to believe that any other species of contracts than that which existed, could have put them up to higher exertions. It is true the contract with warranty might have produced another effect: the warranty, if not complied with, might have subjected the seller to a law suit: But this is an effect, which, however congenial with the interest and feelings of a certain class of gentlemen in the community, is not, I apprehend, very devoutly to be wished by the commonwealth.
In my next number, I shall conclude what I have to say upon this charge. JOHN CLARKE.
BRIGADE ORDERS.
The commanding Officer of the 3d Brigade feels much pleasure in offering his sincere congratulations to his brother officers and soldiers on the favourable change in our public affairs, which has produced the enclosed circular letter from the Department of War—accompanied with one from his Excellency the Governor (just received) by which the requisition lately made upon the body of the militia of this state is declared to be no longer required to be held in readiness for actual service.
By whatever means a change, so favourable to the happiness and prosperity of our Country, may have been effected; it affords equal cause of gratulation to every patriot and friend of free Government, to be transferred from the gloomy prospects of a calamitous and distressing war with all its train of evils and privations, to the pleasing smiles of peace with its concomitant blessings.
Influenced by the same benign providence which led us safely through an eight years war of virtuous revolution, each of us may now again enjoy under our own vine and our own figtree the just fruits of our labour. An event so joyful in all its tendencies and aspects—so auspicious to our national happiness, and the preservation of Republican principles—will not fail to inspire suitable sentiments of gratitude to the great arbiter of Nations and dispenser of all good.
With whatever zeal, fellow citizens, officers and soldiers of the Militia, we have (by rallying around the national standard) evinced our readiness to defend our country against its threatened dangers and to vindicate its injured honour against those national insults and injuries, to which it has been subjected, by foreign powers, it equally behoves us as good citizens to rally around our national Government by uniting our efforts with the Constitutional functions to insure the blessings of peace, union and freedom, to our beloved country.
In communicating the news of the President of the United States to the Volunteers whose patriotic services have been tendered to the U. States—and the congratulations of the Governor of this state on the late happy change of prospect with respect to our foreign relations, and his seasonable & judicious exhortation to acquire a knowledge of military discipline as the best mean of security in the day of battle—the commanding officer cannot withhold the just tribute of applause due to the officers and soldiers of the 3d Brigade for the prompt and manly discharge of their respective duties upon all occasions, when called upon by the constitutional organs of their country. A retrospect of the past insures the pleasing anticipation of their future good conduct.
The commandants of the Regiments composing the 3d Brigade will forthwith discharge from requisition their detachments now in readiness for actual service. JOHN GUERRANT, B. G. 3d B. V. M.
Goodland, May 16th, 1809.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
On Monday, the 13th of March last, died NATHANIEL POPE, of the county of Hanover, in the 49th year of his age. When a man, who has been long engaged in pursuits, which carry him frequently into public view, is snatched suddenly from his friends and the world, it has become usual in our country, for some intimate acquaintance to announce his death in the newspapers, and to attach to his name something in the shape of eulogy. This course is, on many occasions pursued, even when the general deportment of the deceased has not been favored with the approbation of society. The voice of censure is silenced by the solemnity which surrounds his tomb. The hatred of a magnanimous enemy is interred with him, the existence of evil habits is forgotten, and his virtues are remembered only to be honored. This charitable disposition of mankind cannot certainly be condemned, when we reflect, that it has its foundation in the belief that another and more unerring tribunal than public opinion, is employed in passing judgment on the departed man, and fixing his destiny for ever. An attempt, therefore, to disturb the manes of the dead by publishing reports injurious to his memory, even although those reports might be founded in fact, would be deemed by many, a sa-
crilege to interfere with the counsels of heaven. If then the practice of complimenting after death those, who do not in reality merit encomium, is tolerated by the world, I have no fear that this feeble endeavor to do justice to the memory of a man, who was uniformly pure in principle, and upright in conduct, will be well received.
Nathaniel Pope, in the course of a life of no very great length, was presented to the public in almost every aspect, in which any man could be viewed. In the relations of son, brother, husband and father, he had to play his part. As an eminent and successful practitioner of law, he was necessarily placed in all those situations, in which fame and talents could be fairly tested. In the commencement of that war, which terminated in the establishment of our independence, which spilled the best blood of our fathers, and exhausted the resources of our country, he was but a boy. Devoted to the cause of liberty, he, nevertheless, took the field, and performed all the duties of a man. He could not wait to be reluctantly dragged from his home by the command of those, who then directed the destinies of the nation. Unsheathing his sword as a volunteer, he displayed all that gallantry and firmness which marked every subsequent period of his life. By his death, another hero, whose brows had been adorned by the laurel in those bloody times "which tried Men's Souls," has been added to the number of those already sunk to that cemetery, which contains the bones of their country's savers.
With the course of his practice as a lawyer, the writer of this article was intimately acquainted. He will venture to say, that no man ever exhibited greater liberality and magnanimity than he did on all occasions. There are some in that profession, who are even distinguished by their talents, and yet cannot support the idea of merit in any other person. They use every exertion to crush the rising hopes of youthful genius, and frown upon every effort, which aspires to distinction.
Nathaniel Pope was the reverse of all this. Perfectly conscious that he was entitled to a high rank at the bar, and yet never displaying that consciousness, nothing gave him greater delight than the opportunity of rendering justice to the abilities of a competitor. Every young man, who has ever practised law within the sphere of his influence, if he deserved attention, will bear testimony to the ardent desire evinced by Mr. Pope to bring him into public notice. With all his brethren of the profession, he lived in habits, not merely of friendship, but of fraternal love. The serenity of his temper, the sprightliness of his fancy, and the unexampled purity and excellence of his heart had endeared him to them all. The tears of the profession have followed him to his grave, and whilst they weep for his loss, the conviction that they can never find any man completely qualified to succeed him in their artifices, aggravates their misfortune.
As a politician, Mr. Pope was as consistent as he was patriotic. The warmth of his heart was evidenced in all his pursuits. He attached himself soon after the adoption of the federal constitution to that particular party, which, at present, holds the reins of government, and the first principles of his political life were those, with which it ended. The writer of this article differed with him most materially as to the course which each thought best adapted to promote the interests of our country. Our objects were the same, and whilst we disagreed as to the means most proper to attain them, we passed our lives in the most perfect harmony. Convinced that no improper motive had aided in the formation of his own political opinions, he was always disposed to ascribe the opinions of others to motives equally pure. That bigoted intolerance, which can see no virtue or patriotism in anything unconnected with its own party, and which is unfortunately but too prevalent in this country, constituted no part of his character. In the present rage for lucrative office, and during the struggle which we daily witness for power and wealth, a higher evidence of his political integrity cannot be demanded, than that which is derived from his constant rejection of the first offices of the state.
In all the variety of domestic relations, of son, brother, husband and father, his conduct was not only perfectly unexceptionable, but must be considered as forming a model, well worthy of imitation. He was as affectionate as he was dignified, and whilst he commanded the respect of his family, the best affections of their hearts were devoted to him.
In his character of friend, who can describe him? Let the tears of many counties still mourning for their loss, express the sentiments of those who knew him.
"His life was gentle, and the Elements So mixed in him, that Nature might stand up And say to all the world, THIS WAS A MAN."
Hanover, 20th April, 1809.
FOR LONDONDERY, GREENOCK AND LIVERPOOL.
The fast sailing ship Perseverance , Capt. Pele, now lying at Bermuda Hundred—She is Philadelphia built, has excellent accommodations for passengers, and is expected to sail about the 10th of next month—For passage only, apply to the Captain on board, to John Bell, Esq. of Petersburg, to John Granbury, Esq. of Norfolk, or to M. W. HANCOCK, Esq. Richmond, May 22.
NEGROES FOR SALE.—Pursuant to the power vested in us by a deed of trust executed on the 11th day of Dec. 1807, by Nicholas Syme and John M. Syme, will be sold conformably to the act entitled "An Act concerning executions and for other purposes," On Wednesday, the 5th of July next, if the day admit, otherwise the next that does, at the tavern of Wm. McDougle in the town of New-Castle, in the county of Hanover, the following Slaves, to wit: Jack, Tom, Davy, Arthur, Spencer, Patty and child Rachel, Sukey, Levina and Joe, with the increase of the females; or such of the said Slaves as be living, to satisfy and comply with the purposes mentioned in the said deed. THE TRUSTEES. May 23.
REMOVAL.—ANDREW STEVENSON, has removed his office, to the Brick Tenement immediately above the Bell Tavern, where the most punctilious attendance will be given to his professional duties. May 22.
FOR RENT.—Until the 1st of October next: in the house, in this city, usually occupied by the subscriber, during the sessions of the Court of Appeals. Apply to S. ROANE. May 22.
NOTICE.—The partnership of BARRET & KOONE, is this day dissolved by mutual consent. SAMUEL BARRET, DANIEL KOONE. May 22.
The business will be continued by S. Barret, who solicits the public patronage.
JAMES R. MICOU informs his friends & the public—that he keeps Tavern, in Capshornock, in those commodious houses occupied the last year by Mr. John Pelfield and formerly kept as public house by Mr. John Goxon. James R. Micou flatters himself that he will receive such a share of the patronage of his friends and the public as his exertions may merit. April 28.

MISCELLANEOUS.
SCHOOLS!!!
FROM THE EDINBURGH REVIEW.
(The best Review in Europe.)
OUTLINES
Of a plan for educating ten thousand poor children, by establishing schools in country towns and villages; and for uniting works of industry with useful knowledge. By Joseph Lancaster.
Though it felt to our lot to defend Mr. Lancaster against the cruel and unfounded clamor to which he was exposed—partly because he had the misfortune not to be a member of the church of England, principally on account of his great merit—our observations, at that period, were more calculated to repel the aggressions of his enemies, than to explain the nature, and to enforce the importance of his improvements in education.
We premise that we are going to say a great deal about slate pencils, primmers and spelling-books. We are aware such details must be very dull, and would be unpalatable, if they were not eminently useful. We would not, however, load our pages with them, if the object were to recommend an ingenious theory for trial, rather than to explain an invention which has been already attended with the most perfect success. If an artist comes with a tiresome and complicated machine, and boasts of its extraordinary powers, we have a right to say, go to work, and give us some proof. But when he accepts the challenge, and in practice out does his own boasting, it is necessary to look over every rock and pinion of his instrument—to speak of its honorably, that it may be studied—and to describe it perspicuously, that it may be imitated.
We shall state the methods of Mr. Lancaster in the branches of education which his school comprehends—point out the leading principles on which he appears to have conducted his institution—discuss, shortly, the question of his originality, and then take the liberty of making a few remarks on the much and lately agitated question, of the education of the poor.
The first or lowest class of children, are taught to write the printed alphabet, and to name the letters when they see them. The same with the figures used in arithmetic. One day the boy traces the form of the letter or figure; the next day he tells the name when he sees the letter. These two methods assist each other. When he is required to write H, for example, the shape of the letter which he saw yesterday assists his manual execution—when he is required to say how that letter is named, the shape of the letter reminds him of his manual execution; and the manual execution has associated itself with the name.
In the same manner he learns syllables and words; writing them one day—reading them the next.
The same process for writing the common epistolary character, and for reading it.
(A) This progress made, the class go up to the master to read—a class, consisting perhaps of 30. While one boy is reading, the word, ex. gr. Ab-so-lu-tion, is given out with a loud voice by the monitor, and written down by all the other 29 boys, who are provided with slates for that purpose; which writing is looked over by the monitors, and then another word called, and so on; whoever writes a word, spells it of course at the same time, and spells it with much more attention than in the common way. So that there are always one boy reading, and twenty-nine writing and spelling at the same time; whereas, in the ancient method, the other twenty-nine did nothing.
(B) The first and second classes write in sand—the middle classes on slates; only a few of the upper boys on paper with ink. This is a great saving in point of expense; in books the saving is still greater. Twenty or thirty boys stand round a card suspended on a nail, making a semi-circle. On this card are printed the letters in a very large character; these letters the boys are to name, at the request of the monitor. When one name spelling class have said their lessons in this manner, they are dispatched off to some other occupation, and another spelling class succeeds. In this manner, one book or card may serve for 200 boys, who would, according to the common method, have had a book each. In the same manner, syllables and reading lessons are printed on cards, and used with the same beneficial economy.
(C) In arithmetic, the monitor dictates a sum, ex. gr. in addition, which all the boys write down on their slates. For example,
Table with 2 columns and 3 rows of numbers: 7 2 4, 3 7 8, 9 4 6
He then tells them along, how to add the sum. First column—6 and 8 are 14, and 4 are 18; set down 8 and carry 1 to the next column, and so on. In this manner, the class acquire facility of writing figures, and placing them; and by practising what the monitor dictates, insensibly acquire facility in adding. Again they are placed round arithmetical cards, in the same manner as in paragraph (B) and required to add up the columns. This method evinces what progress they have made from the preceding method of dictating; and the two methods are always used alternately.
It is obvious, that a school like this of Mr. Lancaster, consisting of from 700 to 1000 boys, would soon fall into decay, without a very close attention to order and method. In this part of his system, Mr. Lancaster has been as eminently successful as in any other; contriving to make the method and arrangement, so necessary to his institution, a source of amusement to the children. In coming into school, in going out, and in moving in their classes from one part of the school to another, the children move in a kind of measured pace, and in known places, according to their number, of which every boy has one. Upon the first institution of the school, there was a great loss and confusion of hats. After every boy has taken his place there, they all stand up, expecting the word of command, sing your hats! upon which they immediately suspend their hats round their necks by a string provided for that purpose. When the young children write in sand, they all look attentively to their monitor, waiting for the word, and instantly fall to work with military precision, upon receiving it. All these little inventions keep children in a constant state of activity, prevent the listlessness so observable in all other institutions for education, and evince (trifling as they appear to be) a very original and observing mind in him who invented them.
The boys assembled round their reading or arithmetical cards, take plates as in common schools. The boy who is at the head of the class wears a ticket, with some suitable inscription, and has a prize of a little picture. The ticket bearer yields his badge of honor to whoever can excel him; and the desire of obtaining, and the fear of losing, the mark of distinction, creates, as may easily be conceived, no common degree of enterprize and exertion. Boys have a prize when they are moved from one class to another, as the monitor has also from whose class they are removed. Mr. Lancaster has established a sort of paper currency of tickets. These tickets are given for merit; two tickets are worth a paper penny—three worth a ball—four worth a wooden horse, &c. &c. &c.
It is no unusual thing with me to deliver one or two hundred prizes at the same time. And
This is the only instance of solitary reading, and is used rather as a more particular trial of a boy's progress; in general, Mr. Lancaster disapproves of it, as it creates no emulation.
at such times the countenances of the whole school exhibit a most pleasing scene of delight: as the boys who obtain prizes, commonly walk round the school in procession, holding the prizes in their hands, and an herald proclaiming before them, "these boys have obtained prizes for going into another class." The honor of this has an effect as powerful, if not more so, than the prizes themselves.
A large collection of toys, bats, balls, pictures, kites, is suspended above the master's head, beaming glory and pleasure upon the school beneath. Mr. Lancaster has also, as another incentive, an order of merit. No boys are admitted to this order but those who distinguish themselves by attention to their studies, and by their endeavors to check vice. The distinguished badge is a silver medal and plated chain hanging from the neck. The superior class has a fixed place in the school; any class that can excel it, may eject them from this place, and occupy it themselves. Every member, both of the attacking and defending classes, feels, of course, the most lively interest in the issue of the contest.
Mr. Lancaster punishes by shame rather than pain; varying the means of exciting shame, because, as he justly observes, any mode of punishment long continued loses its effect.
The boys in the school appointed to teach others are called monitors, they are in the proportion of about one monitor to ten boys. So that, for the whole school of 1000 boys, there is only one master; the rest of the teaching is all done by the boys themselves. Besides the teaching monitors, there are general monitors, such as, inspectors of slates, inspectors of absentees, &c. &c.
In what Mr. Lancaster says upon the subject of religion, it is clear that he has no desire to convert, and no intention to be converted. Either let the religion of quakers be taught, if a quaker school is founded upon this method of teaching writing and reading; or I will confine myself to those general practical principles which are suitable to all sects, if you choose to found a general school for the instruction of indifference; or I will meddle only with the temporal instruction of my pupils, and you may confide their religious instruction to whom you please." So says the member of the religious sect, which, of all other religious sects, has showed itself the least desirous of making converts. This is so moderate, and so reasonable, that, if we are rightly informed, Mr. Lancaster has at last not only succeeded in allaying the jealousy of some of the rulers of the English church, but has even raised himself up some patrons out of their numbers.
These we believe to be the leading features of this establishment. For the many interesting particulars which, in so short an abstract we have been compelled to omit, we refer to the book itself. It is not badly written, though somewhat quaint and quakerish; but we have no objection to the Quakerish flavor, and do not wish that quakers should write books like other people; there is something interesting and picturesque in their singularities.
The improvements which Mr. Lancaster has made in education, are, in the cheapness of schools, their activity, their order, & their emulation. The reading, cyphering, and spelling cards, suspended for the successive use of 3 or 400 boys; the employment of sand and slate instead of pen and ink, and particularly of monitors instead of ushers, must, in large seminaries, constitute an immense saving. The introduction of monitors, an extremely important part of the whole scheme, is as great an improvement in schools, as the introduction of non-commissioned officers would be in an army which had before been governed only by captains, majors, & colonels: they add that constant and minute attention to the operations of the mass, without which the general and occasional superintendence of superiors is wholly useless. An usher hates his task, and is often ashamed of it; a monitor is honored by it, and therefore loves it; he is placed over those who, if their exertions had been superior, would have been placed over him; his office is the proof of his excellence. Power is new to him; and trust makes him trust-worthy—a very common effect of confidence, and exemplified in the most striking manner in Mr. Lancaster's school. Nor is the monitor at all degraded by teaching the others what he has already learnt; at least not unprofitably detained; for, if a boy be at the head of the first spelling class, it is clear that a delay of six or eight weeks in teaching to others what he has already learnt, will perfect him in his new acquirements, and rivet them in his memory. After this, he is made a private in some superior regiment, and his post becomes an object of honor and competition to the lads whom he has taught. He is very wisely allowed to have a common interest with the boys whom he instructs; and to receive a prize equal in value with any prize obtained by any individual among them. In some instances the monitor teaches and learns at the same time: for, in dictating the sum as in paragraph (C) the monitor is furnished with a key; and therefore, in dictating, only reads what others have written for him; but in so doing, it is plain his attention must be exercised, and his memory impressed as much, if not more, than those of any boy in the class; and whatever good is produced in others by that mode of instruction, must be produced in him in an equal, or superior degree. The extraordinary discipline, progress, & economy of this school, are therefore in a great measure produced by extraordinary number of non-commissioned officers, serving without pay, and learning while they teach.
When we consider the very dull and distant motives for improvement which have hitherto been presented to children, it is not surprising that education should be often so unsuccessful—always so tedious. The day is fine, the sun shines brightly through the window, and a fine young animal, with his veins quivering with health and activity, is not only forbidden to trundle a newly purchased hoop, but set down before a black slate to do a sum in tare and tret; or, in greater schools, to make a copy of latin verses about Troy and Eneas. What are his motives for undergoing the present misery? Has he a wife and family to support, like the thresher who goes to his daily task? Is he refreshed by immediate fees, like the accomplished pilluliat who drives from fistula to fever, and from ague to atrophy? Is he certain, like an author, of losing his dinners for the ensuing week, if his task is incomplete? The only motives held before him are, that he will please his father, and be a great man in after life; and that Latin and Greek are necessary accomplishments for a gentleman. Alas, the eternity of six months must elapse, before the parent is made acquainted with the general progress he has made—that 14 years should pass away, and he himself arrive at man's estate, is quite impossible; and, if it is possible, he has an uncle or a cousin of large fortune, universally respected, and powerful at the quarter sessions, who does not know whether Brutus killed Caesar, or Cæsar Brutus; and who believes Tully and Cicero to be two distinct persons.—Such are the remote and powerless motives with which children have hitherto been stimulated. The bats, balls, and kites of Mr. Lancaster, we conceive to be admirable auxiliaries of education, and to afford that strong and present stimulus which best overcomes the vis inertia, and establishes the difficult and unnatural habit of application. It is all very well to talk about studying from a sense of duty. Mature, bearded men, who fall into this cant, require the immediate stimulus of a guinea; or, at least, a return for their labor in a month or a year; expecting, in the mean time, that the poor child for whom they cant, the miserable and experienced cantankerous extent himself for benefits which, it is very doubtful, whether or not he will reap when half his life is elapsed. Nothing, in our opinion, can be so preposterous as the objections made to an order of merit in a school. In what way are
such extraordinary services ever obtained from mankind at so cheap a rate? Tie two guineas worth of gold to a red ribbon, and call it the order of the golden cannon, or the golden swivel, or what not you will; and in every battle you will have a thousand young men of spirit performing the most daring actions to obtain it. A garter is vacant—or, in other words, the privilege of telling the passer by, by means of a bit of gold at the knee, and a bit of silver on the belly, that you are a man of high birth and large fortune. The cabinet, however, sit in grave consultation on the distribution of this honor; the greatest men of the country are sleepless in their places, and the minister loses or gains the soul of a province by his gift; and yet we are half angry that a breechless boy should struggle day and night for a shining lump of tin, which tells the passer by that he is diligent and good. We do not mean, by these observations, to express the slightest degree of disrespect for the established honors of the country—quite the contrary. We are convinced, that such institutions are thoroughly founded in good sense, and knowledge of human nature; and that they are eminently useful. We approve, in the most decided manner, the courage and originality of that man who has carried into education those institutions, which, in the business of the world, are the most powerful of all motives. Vanity is the word on which all these objections are founded; and it unfortunately happens, that we have no word in our language to signify the good and useful love of praise; for, that the love of praise is, under certain regulations, one of the most beneficial passions to society, will not, it is presumed, be denied; nor ought it to be characterized by the inculpatory term of vanity, except when its object is frivolous, or when it is the sole and absorbing passion.
(To be Continued)
PHILADELPHIA, May 15. The invaluable chemical laboratory of Mr. John Harrison, in the Northern Liberties of this city, were on Sunday morning between the hours of twelve and one o'clock, consumed by fire; the laboratory stood several hundred yards from the high road, and from the habitations of the neighborhood, and as no work was going on at the time, there is from this and other causes, strong ground to believe that it was purposely set on fire; an attempt was made some time since to poison Mr. Harrison and his wife, and the poison had actually been taken in a small quantity, the black boy who made the attempt is now in prison for the crime; a similar attempt had been made to set fire to his house, but the combustibles were timely discovered. Independent of the atrocious crime of this miscreant, the destruction of his most important work is to be deplored, as it might from its comprehensive means and perfection in all the most important branches of chemistry, have been a national establishment; having been the fruit of research made with great diligence and industry by Mr. Harrison in various parts of Europe; it had reached after twelve years of indefatigable labor and unremitting industry, that point of completion which, with only a small protection from the fostering hands of government, would have rendered the U. States perfectly independent of Europe in every article produced by chemical science. We cannot help ascribing the destruction of this work to the same source from which so many of the domestic efforts of industry have already experienced enmity and conflagration. Mr. Harrison's loss cannot be much less than 60,000 dollars.
MODEL OF AN IMPREGNABLE CASTLE. Mr. Gillespie has invented a model for a covered battery, which is intended for guarding the coast of the United Kingdom. It is upon a moveable principle, and carries only one gun, (an 84 pounder,) which can be directed in a moment to any one given point. This gun can be elevated or lowered by the most simple machinery, and having a tube at the end to parallel with its axis, it may be brought to take surer aim than by the mode now in use. The machine is so wonderfully ingenious, that it is calculated to turn the most ponderous mortars or guns of any calibre with the greatest ease, and the whole can be worked by five men, who remain inside the battery in perfect safety. It is so constructed that it resists the most powerful engines used in the besieging of towns, &c. This wonderful invention has excited the admiration of all who have seen it. The board of ordnance have borne testimony to its merit.—Sir Sidney Smith, Sir Thomas Thothill, and General Debbieg, are among its admirers.—The impregnable castle resembles in shape a polygon moving round upon an inclined plane, so as always to present an acute angle to the point of attack. It is intended to be completely bomb proof, by being lined on the outside with iron, from two to four inches in thickness, which would render it impregnable to any shot, if even taken in a flank direction, which never presents itself, the sides of the battery being an inclined plane. The door or entrance consequently is in the back part of it.—London paper.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.—Ran-Away from the subscriber, on the 8th instant, my negro man SAM. He has been accustomed to drive my carriage for three years past; was born in the county of King William, was formerly the property of Miss Molly Turner, and sold to the subscriber by Thomas Johnson of Louisa county. He is, very probably, lurking in the neighborhood of Elliott's Ware-House, where he is well acquainted. Had when he went away, a short blue cloth coat and pantaloons, the cuffs & pockets of his coat were bound with red cloth, red striped vest. The above reward will be paid on the delivery of Sam to the subscriber in Richmond, and all reasonable charges. EDWARD HALLAM. May 16. w3w
FOR SALE.—One thousand acres LAND lying in the lower end of Buckingham county, on both sides of Buffalo creek, and on the road leading from Ca-Ira to New-Canton, within half a mile of navigation, on Willie's river, and about two from Ca-Ira. This tract is esteemed remarkably fertile, and has a plantation cleared on it sufficient to work ten or twelve hands to advantage, and a good proportion of rich tobacco. Land to the accommodation of an overseer and negroes, with a barn, and apple orchard. This estate, from its great fertility, vicinity to market, and situation in a polite and agreeable neighborhood, is well worthy the attention of any gentleman, who may wish to remove from the lower country to a more healthy situation. For terms apply to Mr. Lineus Bolling, of the aforesaid county, who is fully authorised, by the subscriber, to treat with any person wishing to purchase. SUSANNA WILCOX. Chellow, May 9. 4w
WANTED TO HIRE.—Six or eight NEGRO MEN, till the end of the year. The hire will be paid monthly, if required. Apply to Mr. Richard Sampson, at Middle Quarter, Tuckahoe, or the subscriber. JOHN WICKHAM. May 16. 4t
VIRGINIA, to wit.—At a Chancery District Court, held in the City of Williamsburg, the 14th day of April, 1809. Kendall Lee Plff against Ann Spiller, widow of Benjamin Spiller, deceased, Benjamin Spiller, Susan Hurst, George Snitzer and Nancy his wife, and Grace, Patrick, Roxillana and James Spiller, infants, by the said Benjamin Spiller their guardian, and William Spiller and Hickman Spiller Defs. THE defendant, William Spiller, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the Act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country: On the motion of the plaintiff, by his counsel; It is ordered, That the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in one of the Richmond news-papers, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former Capitol in this city. A Copy. ANTY. ROBINSON, C. C. May 9. w8w
VIRGINIA, to wit.—At a Chancery District Court, held in the City of Williamsburg, the 15th day of April, 1809. Wm. McFeters and James Wardlaw Plffs against John W. Fox and Elizabeth L. Fox, infants, children and heirs of John Fox the younger, and John Lewis administrator of the said John Fox, Ann Fox, Thomas B. Fox, William Fox, Henry Fox and Isaac Shelby Defs. THE defendant Isaac Shelby, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the Act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country; On the motion of the plaintiffs, by their counsel; It is ordered, That the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiffs, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in one of the Richmond news-papers, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former Capitol in this city. A Copy. ANTY. ROBINSON, C. C. May 9. w8w
IN CHANCERY.—Buckingham County, January Term, 1809. John Scruggs Plaintiff, vs. Wm. G. Briant & James Martin Defendants. ON the motion of the plaintiff, by counsel, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendant Briant is not an inhabitant of this state; It is ordered and decreed, That unless the said Briant shall appear here at May Court next, and answer the plaintiff's bill, the same will be taken for confessed as to him, and the matter thereof decreed accordingly, and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some public news-paper, of the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and another copy be posted up at the front door of the court-house of this county. A Copy. R. ELDRIDGE, jr. D. C. April 18. w8wp
IN CHANCERY.—Buckingham County, March Term, 1809. Elizabeth Falaterra administratrix of Charles Falaterra, deceased Plaintiff, against John Baskerville, Jr. Defendant. ON the motion of the plaintiff, by counsel, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendant is not an inhabitant of this state; It is ordered and decreed, That unless the said defendant shall appear here on or before June Court next, and answer the plaintiff's bill, the court will then proceed to take the same for confessed, and decree the matter thereof accordingly, and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some public news-paper of the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and another copy be posted up at the front door of the court-house of this county. A Copy. R. ELDRIDGE, jr. D. C. April 18. w8wp
IN CHANCERY.—Buckingham County, March Term, 1809. John Russell Plaintiff, against Wm. G. Briant and James Martin Defendants. ON the motion of the plaintiff, by counsel, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendant Briant is not an inhabitant of this state; It is ordered and decreed, That unless he shall appear here on or before June Court next, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, the court will then proceed to take the same for confessed as to him, and decree the matter thereof accordingly, and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some public news-paper of the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and another copy posted up at the front door of the court house of this county. A Copy. R. ELDRIDGE, jr. D. C. April 18. w8wp
HOUSES & LOTS—FOR SALE.—By virtue of the last will and testament of Robert Means, deceased, will be sold, to the highest bidder, at public auction, on Tuesday the 23rd Inst. the following LANDS & TENEMENTS, in the city of Richmond: viz: Some wooden HOUSES and a piece of LAND opposite to Crouch's Tavern, on the street leading up by the governor's. A HOUSE & LOT upon the Basin. A moiety of another HOUSE upon the Basin, and the third of the LOT belonging to it. The TENEMENT where the Testator lived, and a naked LOT of Land adjoining to it. Part of a naked LOT of LAND, lying between the dwelling-house of Augustine Davis and the Basin. The sale will commence at the house where the testator lived, and will be adjourned to the other tenements successively, until the whole are sold. Twelve months credit will be allowed; the purchasers to give bond and approved security together with a deed of trust upon the property, to ensure punctual payment of the purchase money. DANIEL CALL, Executor of the last Will and Testament of ROBT. MEANS, Dec'd. May 12. tds
A TUTOR WANTED.—The Trustees of the town of York, are anxious to employ a gentleman of character, & literary acquirements, to conduct a SCHOOL in the said town. The branches of Science to be taught are, reading, writing, English grammar, arithmetic, geography, use of the globes, the Latin and Greek classics. The situation of York is pleasant and healthy: From twenty to forty pupils can be procured. A comfortable house will be furnished the Tutor free of expense. A person who shall produce testimonials of his sobriety, discretion and acquirements, which shall qualify him for the conduct of the school, will meet with encouragement on application to CORBIN GRIFFIN, TH. GRIFFIN, ROBT. NELSON, jr. Committee of Trustees. May 2. tf
TO RENT or LEASE, The MILLS in the county of Goochland, commonly known by the name of the DOVER MILLS, situated on James River, about twenty miles above this city. These Mills are in good repair, furnished with two pair of BURR, and one pair COLOGNE STONES, and all necessary apparatus.—For terms enquire of Mr. Mayo C. Watkins living in the County of Goochland, near the Mills, or of the subscriber in the City of Richmond. THOMAS RUTHERFORD. April 25. w6w
FOR LIVERPOOL. The good and fast sailing ship, ROBERT POLLOK, CAPTAIN HOYT, is now loading at City Point, and will have her fourth of her Cargo under way, as soon as despatched immediately. Flour, Cotton or Tobacco, will be received at a moderate rate of freight. For terms, apply to, Mr. Thomas Tweedie, Manchester, or the Subscriber. ROBERT POLLOK. Petersburg, May 12. 5w
FOR LONDON. The good and fast sailing ship, FRANCES & MARIE, CAPT. HITCH, is now ready to load, at City Point, and having two thirds of her Cargo ready to go on board, will be despatched with speed. Has elegant accommodation for passengers, and can accommodate 8 or 10 genteelly, if immediate application be made. For terms, apply to Mr. Thomas Tweedie, Manchester, or, ROBERT POLLOK. Petersburg, May 12. 5w
LANDING from the Schooner RICHMOND, Isaac Seaman, Master:— 50 Boxes Raisins, 10 Boxes Soft Shelled Almonds, 5 Casks Green Coffee, 19 Barrels Prime Pork, and 1 Pipe London Particular Madeira Wine. IN STORE, 17 Hogsheads Brown Sugar, 25 do. Molasses, 5 Tierces Green Coffee, 75 Boxes Havannah Segars, 3 Bales Welch Plaines, Family Flour in barrels and half barrels, Young Hyson, Hyson Skin and Souchong Tea, 10 Boxes Mould Candles. FOR SALE BY, GEORGE WATT. January 17. tf
PURSUANT to the last will and testament of the Rev. Matthew Maury, late of Albemarle county: We shall, on Friday, the First day of September next, (if fair, if not, the next fair day) expose to public sale, on the premises, that valuable and highly improved FARM, on which the deceased lately resided, containing between 1500 and 1400 acres. About 400 acres of this land are cleared and in excellent condition for cultivation, of which about 40 acres are very fine meadow. There is on the plantation, a great variety of fruit trees, among which is a well selected apple orchard of about two hundred trees in high perfection. This Land is intersected by a vein of excellent line-stone, parallel with, and two miles distant from the south west mountains. There are on this plantation, a large convenient Dwelling-House, a large Barn, Stable, and all other necessary buildings in very good condition for the accommodation of a large family. The quality of this land is very good, well adapted to the growth of tobacco and corn, and particularly so to the growth of small grain and grass. It has, from experiment, been proven capable of deriving very great advantages from the use of Plaster of Paris. We will allow a credit of one, two and three years, on the purchase money; for which we shall require a lien on the land and approved personal security. The land may be seen by application to either of us who reside on it. MATTHEW MAURY, } Acting THOS W. MAURY, } Execrs. Albemarle County, Va. 15th May, 1809. w5w
ANNA GOODWIN, will lease or sell immediately, her HOUSE & LOT, in this city, and near the Baptist Meeting-House, on the most reasonable terms, and will take a young likely Negro Girl, and a good saddle creature, in part pay for the same. She has also for sale, a number of articles of household FURNITURE on easy terms for the purchaser. May 12. 3t
PURSUANT to a Deed of Trust executed to the subscribers, by Samuel Parsons & Sarah his wife, for the benefit of Wm. Cooke and Thomas and Amos Ladd, and other Creditors of the said Samuel Parsons, will be exposed to Sale at Public Auction, on the respective Premises, on Wednesday the 3d of next month the following PROPERTY, lying in the City of Richmond, viz. nearly three-fourths of the LOT described in the plan of the said City by No. 436, on the S.W. side of the Basin, and between Thomas Ladd's and the Hay-Market Square, bounded on the North East by the street running between the Hay-Market Square and the public Warehouse. All that part of LOT, No. 413, on the N.E. side of the Basin, which is bounded by the street running by the Bank and Robert McKim's to Cary street, thence by the last mentioned street to the tenement occupied by Mr. Smith as a bakery, & back to the alley which divides said Lot from R. McKim's. One Moiety of the Tenement on the Main street, now occupied by David Logan, containing 24 feet front, and extending back to an alley leading to Byrd's Warehouse, on which are a two story brick store house, lumber house, kitchen, stables, &c. Also, ten SHARES in the Richmond Turnpike and a COACHEE and Horses, together with sundry Household-Furniture, &c. The sale will commence at the Tenement occupied by David Logan for the Moiety thereof, the Turnpike Shares and the Personal Articles; and will thence adjourn in course to the other LOTS mentioned. Terms of sale will be, cash for the Personal property, the Turnpike shares, and the Moiety of the Tenement in the occupancy of D. Logan; and twelve months credit for the other property, on notes negotiable and payable at the Bank of Virginia, satisfactorily endorsed, and titles to be withheld as further security, until full payment of the respective notes—or, at the option of the purchaser, one fourth to be paid down and the other three fourths to be secured by deed of trust on the property purchased, and bond of the purchaser. The Lots will be sold as they stand, or be divided as may appear reasonable. E. CARRINGTON, RICHARD ADAMS, } Trustees. GEO: GREENHOW } Richmond, April 7. eptds
The above SALE is postponed to Saturday the 27th inst. when it will certainly commence at 12 o'clock. May 2d, 1809.
Merchant's, Lawyer's, She- riff's and Constable's BLANKS. For Sale at this Office.