Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1807-04-03 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS
[XIVth YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1342.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum—paid in Advance.]
FRIDAY, APRIL 3, 1807.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
The noted and much admired English horse,
Jack Andrews
Fifteen hands & a half high, a blood bay, finely formed, in high health, vigor and spirit, and the most active horse ever imported into this country.
WILL stand the ensuing season, at my stable in Charles City county, Sandy Point, and will be let to mares at five guineas the season, which may be discharged by the payment of twenty dollars, if paid by the 10th day of August; and 3 guineas the leap, and forty dollars to ensure a mare to be in foal, and one dollar to the groom—the leap and groom money to be paid when the mare is covered—provided the mare is changed, the owner shall be liable. The season will commence the first day of March, and end the first day of August. Extensive low and high ground pasturage, well enclosed, and servants sent with the mares, boarded gratis: grain will be furnished at the market price, and will be given to them in manner and quantity agreeable to direction; and all possible care taken to prevent accidents and escapes, but will not be liable for any that may happen.
WILLIAM LIGHTFOOT.
This celebrated horse's performance in England, has not been inferior to any horse there, except his brother, Dick Andrews, who is considered now the best horse in that country, giving seven pounds. Jack Andrews won twice in 1797, then Mr. Lord's property—See Racing Calendar for that year.
At Worcester, July 5th, a maiden plate of £50, for 3 years old, 6 stone, 4 mile heats, was won by Jack Andrews, at three heats, beating Mr. Darlington's ch m Miss Edwin, 4 years old; Mr. Atkinson's ch m Priscilla, aged; Sir W. W. Wynns's b h Sweet Botherem, 5 years old; Mr. Hardin's b c Eglantine, 4 years old.
Stafford, October 7th—The town purse of £50, 4 mile heats, was won by Jack Andrews, 3 years old, at three heats, beating Mr. Betteson's Little Pickle, 4 years old; Mr. Barlow's Roderick, 4 years old; Mr. Denham's Honest Tom, 6 years old; Sir W. W. Wynns's b h True Blue, 5 years old.
In 1798, at Nantwich, Thursday, July 8th—£50, for 3 and 4 years old, he won, beating Mr. Bayley's ch c Cannon, 4 years old; Stamford's b f Scotia, 3 years old.
Denby, August 15th—He won £50, free for any horse, beating Lilly of the Valley, Falconer and True Blue—in 1799, he won twice, to wit at Ludlow, on Friday, the 4th of July, 4 mile heats, free for all ages, beating Lord Oxford's ch c Art, at three heats.
At Worcester, August 8th—He won the city and county subscription of £50, 4 mile heats, at 3 heats, beating Mr. Arley's filly, Duchess, 4 years old; Mr. Coventry's b h Integrity, late Partner; Mr. Snell's ch g Rocks, 5 years old—after the first heat, four to one on her; after the second heat four to one on Jack Andrews.
In 1800, he won 5 times, to wit: At Lowes, then the property of Major Rooke, Aug. 12th, he beat Lord Sackville's b h Labore, 4 miles, for 50 guineas—At Oxford, the town plate of £50, in Aug. was won by Jack Andrews, at 4 heats, beating Sir P. Poole's ch m Duchess of Lums, 5 years old, Lord Duncanson's b h Wrangler, distanced the 4th heat—September, at Warwick, he won the town plate of £50, 4 mile heats, beating Mr. Thann's b h Marquis, Mr. Brooke's b h Sheshire, Mr. Edwards b h in Dutchess.
Sweepstakes of 20 guineas each, 2 miles, 6 subscribers, Mr. Rooke's Jack Andrews, aged, 11 st. 7lbs. walked over, (see Racing Calendar for 1802, p. 383)
At Lambourn, in September—Wednesday, 10th, he won the £50 gift of Lord Craven, 4 mile heats, at 4 heats, beating Mr. Coventry's ch h Sarcipant, Mr. Bacon's b m Snap.
At Abingdon, Tuesday, September 16th, the members' purse of £50, for all ages, 4 mile heats, was won by Jack Andrews, at 3 heats, beating Sir P. Poole's b m Misereat, 5 years old, Mr. Whaley's ch h Expectation, Mr. Progley's b h Cupid—6 to 4 on Misereat.
In 1801, Jack Andrews, at New Market, April 20th, received forfeit from Hethcoat's Symmetry, 8 stone, 5 lbs. 200 guineas, half forfeit.
Bibury, June 16th—The Bibury stakes, a handicap of 100 guineas each, half forfeit, 4 miles, was won by Jack Andrews, aged, beating Lord Sackville's b h Expectation, 5 years old; Sir Henry T. Vane's C. C. Lighter, 5 years old; Mr. R. Hethcoat's Hippanna, aged, his royal highness the Prince of Wales's Dick Andrews, Mr. Lethcoat's Popinjay, and Cox's Edwin.
June 17th, a sweepstakes of five guineas each, 20 subscribers, was won by Jack Andrews, beating colonel Grenover's Lady Catherine, Mr. Howorth's Snuff Box.
Bedford, Sept. 10th—The Woburn stakes of ten guineas each, 4 miles, 5 subscribers, was won by his royal highness the Prince of Wales's b h Jack Andrews, aged, beating Mr. Watson's b h Triumph, Mr. Gidding's b c Slyrocker.
Bedford, Sept. 23—Fifty pounds, for all ages, 4 mile heats, was won by Jack Andrews, aged, at 3 heats, beating Mr. Progley's g g Moughby, Velvet Horn, Little Thought Of, Hephæstion and Contester. See Racing Calendars for these years. It would swell an advertisement to too great length to mention all the races he has won.
PEDIGREE.
Jack Andrews was got by Joe Andrews, his dam by Highlander, his granddam Cardinal Pull, his great granddam by Tattler, his great great granddam by Snip, his great great great granddam by Lord Godolphin's Arabian, his great great great great granddam by Stanwax's Arabian, which mare was own sister to Frampton's White Neck, full sister to the Minbury Galloway, great great great great granddam by Sauce Box, a son of Gigg, sire of Croft's Old Partner.
JAMES LORD, (Seal.)
I do hereby certify, that the above pedigree is a true copy from the original one sent me in by James Lord. Given under my hand and seal, this twenty third of December, one thousand eight hundred and four.
WILLIAM LIGHTFOOT, (Seal.)
Joe Andrews was got by Eclipse, his dam Alameda by Omallon, her dam Cloudy by Blank—Crab Widdrington, mare by Partner.—General Stud Book, page six, printed in one thousand eight hundred and three, by James Weatherby.
THE FAMOUS HIGH BLOODED ENGLISH HORSE
Hambleton,
Bred by the Duke of Grafton, a beautiful bright bay, near 16 hands high, of high form and elegance, rising 16 years old, in good health and great perfection, imported and now his property, will stand the ensuing season, at Temple Hill, on Michum's river, in Albemarle county, ten miles above Charlottesville, within one mile of German's mill, and two miles of the Brick tavern, to cover mares at 6 guineas the season, for which a note will be required, dischargeable by the payment of 20 dollars, at any time before the 1st of August next, when the season will expire, with one dollar to the groom for each mare, paid at the stable door. Ten dollars the single leap, and 40 dollars to insure a mare with foal. Good and extensive pasturage, well enclosed, with branches running through the flat land affording as good forward pastures as any in this part of the country, gratis. Servants that may be sent with mares will be boarded for two dollars per week, and mares fed, if required, on reasonable terms. The utmost attention paid and care taken to prevent accidents, but will not be responsible for any that may happen. Any gentleman putting five mares to Hambleton, may send one gratis.
JAMES KINSOLVING, For William Lightfoot.
February 24th, 1807.
PEDIGREE.
Hambleton was got by Duncannon, sire of Bedford and one of the best sons of O'Kelly's famous Eclipse, who was esteemed to be the best horse in England of his day, and covered at fifty guineas—his dam by Snip, sister to Jupiter, bred by Mr. Cross, 1793—her dam (Young Marske's dam) by Blank, Stirling, Miss Maynell, by Partner, Greyhound, Curwen, Bay Barb, Lord D'Arcy's Arabian, Whitehirst, Old Montague mare. Thus it appears he descended from the best running stock in England.
PERFORMANCES.
This horse ranks very high as a racer, both for speed and bottom, as he proved successful in 20 races before he left the turf, 4 of which he walked over, none venturing to start against him. In 1794, at Hambleton, Yorkshire, on Wednesday, May 14th, he won a sweepstakes of ten guineas each, for 3 year olds, 6 subscribers, two miles, beating Mr. Becher's b f by Magnum Bonum, Pierce's b f by Young Marske, Turner's Confederacy, and Craddock's ch c Leicester. At York he won 50 for 3 year olds, 6 subscribers, two miles, beating Lowther's b c Griffin, Crompton's ch c Annubh, Shepherd's Madcap, Clifton's b c Cedar, and Garforth's ch c even betting on Ambush against the field. At Manchester, in June, he won 50 for 3 year olds, two mile heats, beating Forsgair and Loyalist. At Stockton, September 26th, he won a sweepstakes of 20 guineas each, 5 subscribers, then Sir H. Williams's property, formerly Mr. Hutchinson's beating Field's Highlander, out of Wren, and Turner's Delphine—In 1795, Hambleton won 5 times, to wit: a handicap plate of 50 for two mile heats, at 4 years old, beating Insect, Blackleggs and Watkins' b c 5 years old. At Edinburgh, July 20th, he won his majesty's plate of 100 guineas, 4 mile heats, beating Gregory's b h Archer, 6 years old, Mr. Peacock's ch g Farmer, and Mr. Wilson's Creeping Kate. At Dumfries in October, he won 50, beating Lord Darlington's b m Constant. In 1796, Hambleton won at Kelso, 5th October, a purse of 50 guineas, beating Mr. Bailor's Black Cock. In 1797, he won 8 times, to wit: at Middleham, in Yorkshire, a sweepstakes of ten guineas each, 5 subscribers, 3 mile heats, beating Merry Lad and Arthur. At Edinburgh, on Wednesday the 28th, 50 guineas for all ages, beating Eliza Fox and Betsey. On Friday the 28th, the ladies subscription purse of fifty guineas, beating Fletcher's Jane. At Montrose, in Scotland, August, he walked over the ground for a 50 plate, and also walked over the ground for a subscription of 50. At Kelso, October 16th, for a plate of 50 guineas he walked over the ground—and also his majesty's 100 guineas given to the Caledonian Hunt, for any horse, &c. carrying 12 at 4 mile heats, then 6 years old, he won against Mr. Wentworth's Trimbash, Piermont's Trimmer, aged, and Kincaid's Hector, aged—and Saturday following, a purse of 50 given by the Hunt, free for any horse, &c. beating Farewell and Reliker. At Galashiels he won 100 guineas of Mr. Sitwell, beating his b f by Mercer. In 1798, he won at Edinburgh August, 50 for all ages, beating Maxwell's Arab, and Mr. Maule's Hippopotamus. At Montrose he won a plate of 50 guineas for all ages, beating Pitforthe and Contractor. See the racing Calendars for the foregoing years.
WILLIAM LIGHTFOOT.
Certs' Performances—London.
Hambleton's colts also rank very high as racers, both for speed and bottom, as they proved themselves good runners in England. In 1805, at Catterick bridge, on Thursday 18th, Mr. Wentworth's b c Silverheels by Hambleton, two years old, won a sweepstakes of ten guineas 8 subscribers, two miles, beating Mr. Riddell's b c by Overton, dam by Saddle; Mr. Lonsdale's ch c by Piptor, dam by Paymaster; Lord Stratmore's g f by Overton, dam by Delphin—Several others also started but were not placed—DURHAM Wednesday 24th, a Maiden Plate of 50, given by the country members, for all ages, 2 mile heats Sir H. Williamson's b c, by Hambleton 2 years old, run four heats, and proved second best; and four others started and proved themselves good runners.
CERTIFICATES.
London, 17th February, 1806
William Lightfoot, Esq.
Dear Sir—Hambleton ought to stand very high with you, as his colts in this country turn out excellent runners, &c.
Yrs. Crew.
Charlotte, 10th May, 1805.
I put five mares to Hambleton, and they all proved in foal, and the colts fine and large—I also have a mare which has bro't me four colts one by Diomed, one by Dragon, one by Seagull, and another by Hambleton, and the Hambleton colt has the preference of either: I think her one of the finest fillies, both in size and figure that I ever saw.—Given under my hand.
Henry Lester.
Lunenburgh, 5th May, 1806.
This will certify that I put a mare to Hambleton in 1804, when he stood at Mr. H. Lester's in Charlotte county, and am as well pleased, if not better, with the colts by him, than with any the mare ever had—she previously bred by Coeur de Lion, Diomed, Quicksilver, and Fleetfoot.
Charlotte county.
In the year 1804 I put a mare to Hambleton, then kept by Mr. H. Lester of this county and am fully persuaded that it is the best colt the mare ever had, and is in my estimation the best colt I ever bred from any horse—I moreover never have heard of any complaints of their colts from that horse.
Thos. Read, Jr. Manover County.
I herewith certify that Mr. Wm. Lightfoot's horse Hambleton, stood at my stable the last season, and that he has proved an excellent foal getter: his colts would do credit to any horse ony horse on the continent. Mr. Wm. Morris of this county and I put five mares each, all of which proved in foal—Given under my hand this 7th day of May, 1806.
John Thornton. New Kent.
I hereby certify that I purchased a colt at the sale of Wm. B. Christian, got by Hambleton belonging to Wm. Lightfoot Esq. of Sandy Point; this colt is two years old this summer, he is large, handsome and good bone—Given under my hand, 17th April, 1806. Wm. Douglas. Charlotte County, 6th May, 1805.
We the undersigned subscribers had colts dropped last season by Hambleton, and they are esteemed by us and we believe by the neighbors generally, to be remarkable good colts; being for the most part large, fine and handsome. We also believe that the season he stood in this county, he got as many colts as any horse could get with the same number of mares.
William Mitchell, James Kenlin, Clem. Smith, Overton Patton, Thomas Patton, Wm. L. Matton, B. W. Lester.
THE CELEBRATED HORSE.
Archduke,
WILL stand the ensuing season, at my house, in Chesterfield, five miles from Goode's and Bevil's bridges, and 25 miles from Richmond and Petersburg, on the following terms, viz:—Seven guineas (by note) to accompany each mare, dischargeable within the reason by the payment of Twenty-five dollars—Groom's fee included.
ARCHDUKE was got by Sir Peter Teazle, his dam the famous mare Hornsea, (sister to Achilles) by Eclipse, her dam, Countess, by Blank, was the dam of Delphin, Cobsacur Virginiac &c.—Archduke, from his highly improved blood, and the promising appearance of his stock, in general, which will appear from letters now in the possession of the subscriber, from John Taylor, Esq., Col. Miles Selden, and others, who have bred from him, may justly be considered equal to any, and superior to most horses now on the continent. Mr. Teazle and Stamford, own brothers of Archduke, stand high in the estimation of sportsmen on the British turf; in verification of which assertion refer gentlemen to the Racing calendar of 1806, and a letter now in my possession. The colt of Mr. Teazle and Stamford, performed well last year, and as a confirmation of the high opinion entertained of them, on examination, it will be found that they have many large engagements and are named in the most important and considerable stakes until the year 1809—The season will commence the first of March, and end the last of July. Gentlemen wishing to have their mares fed, must send money for the purchase of each provider as may be directed. Servants boarded 10s 6d per week. No responsibility for accidents. Archduke is a fine brown, fully 16 hands high, with great bone and muscular power. His colts possess beauty with very uncommon size.
ARCHDUKE, in 1799, won the Derby stakes (the most important that are run for in England) of 50 guineas each, 33 subscribers, beating 11 others—And won the third class of a stake of 100 guineas each, six subscribers; after which he fell lame in training and was fired. Archduke was afterwards engaged in two races only, against the best horses, and came in well.
THOMAS BRANCH. Wm. LIGHTFOOT.
February 20, 1807
BUCKINGHAM COUNTY, JANUARY COURT, 1807.
Archibald Austin, plaintiff,
Against
Charles Matthews, Walter Irvine, John Irvine, and Samuel Bransford, defendants.
ON the motion of the plaintiff, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendant Matthews has removed himself without the jurisdiction of this court to parts unknown, It is ordered and decreed, that unless he shall appear here on or before May court next and answer the bill of the plaintiff, the court will then proceed to take the same for confessed as to him, and decree the matter thereof accordingly; and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some public newspaper of the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and another copy be posted up at the front door of the courthouse of this county.
A copy, Teste, ROLFE ELDRIDGE, Jr. D. C.
BUCKINGHAM COUNTY, JANUARY COURT, 1807.
James Walker, plaintiff,
vs.
Thomas Conner & Thomas Wright, Jr. defendants.
ON the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendant Conner is not an inhabitant of this state, It is ordered and decreed, that unless he shall appear here on or before May court next, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, the court will then proceed to take the same for confessed as to him, and decree the matter thereof accordingly; and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and another copy be posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county.
A copy, Teste, R. ELDRIDGE, Jr. D. C.
Notice.
THOSE who borrowed, or who are in possession of, the BOOKS mentioned in the catalogue below, belonging to the subscriber, are requested to return them forthwith:—
Robertson's History of Charles the fifth—Ditto of America—Watson's History of Philip the second—Young's Six Months Tour—Hawkesworth's Voyages—Ferguson's Astronomy—Franklin on Electricity—Citizen of the World—Lord Kames's Principles of Equity—Judgment of the Douglas Cause—Battle on Truth—Orrey's Life of Swift, and the 5th Volume of Plutarch's Lives.
WM. FLEMING. Chesterfield, 24th March, 1807. 2
MUFTI,
A BEAUTIFUL DAY.
Fifteen hands two inches high, imported by John Taylor, Esq. of Mount Taylor, will stand the ensuing season, at Fighting Creek, Powhatan county, two miles from the courthouse, to cover mares at the moderate price of Twenty dollars the season, to be discharged by Fifteen Dollars if paid before the first day of October, or Ten Dollars sent with the mare, and Half a Dollar to the Groom—He was bred by Mr. Mann of Norwich, and was got by Fitzherbert (one of the best bred sons of King Merd) his dam by Infant, (son of the Godolphin Arabian, grand dam by Whittington, out of a full sister of Black and All Black, and his performances are as follows, and are rarely to be equalled.
In 1786, when 3 years old, and the property of his R. H. the Prince of Wales, (who purchased him of Major Churchill) Mufti won a match race of one hundred guineas each, at New Market, beating Mr. Windham's Prodigal, Rowley's mile. The following meeting he ran a dead heat with Sir C. Bunbury's Tityrus, 8 st. each, Abingdon mile, for 200 guineas each—Young Tityrus won the plate for 3 years old, two days after, when 11 started.
In 1787, when the property of Richard Vernon, Esq. he received 100 guineas compromise from Lord Derby's Wren, 8 stone each, ditch in, 300 guineas, at 3 stone 7lbs he beat the Duke of Queensbury's Young Giant, 7 stone 15lbs 2 miles, for 400 guineas, and received 37 guineas compromise from Mr. Fox's Braganza.
In 1788, Mufti won the Craven stakes at New Market, when 12 started, beating Scotia, Nimble, &c. Won a sweepstakes of 300 guineas each, across the Flat, beating Bridget, and receiving forfeit from Paramour; he also received forfeit from Mr. Fox's Braganza, giving 300 guineas, for 200 guineas, half forfeit, and was afterwards purchased by his grace the Duke of Bedford.
In 1789, Mufti did not appear in public, being the Duke's trial horse.
In 1790, Mufti won all his engagements, viz: A match against Lord Bathurst's Highlander, for 100 guineas, a Handicap sweepstakes of 50 guineas each, 7 subscribers, ditch in, beating Magpie, Seagull, &c. and a match, beating Don Quixote across the Flat for 200 guineas each, all at New Market.
In 1791, he won the Craven stakes at New Market, when 15 started, among which were Copeley, Don Quixote, Harpaxox, &c. at 9 stone 11lbs. He beat the Prince of Wales's Glancer, 7 stone 4lbs. across the Flat, for one hundred guineas each, at 8 stone 7lbs. each, he beat the Prince of Wales's Pegasus, a match for 1000 guineas each, across the Flat.
In 1792, Mufti came in second for the Craven stakes, beating Aspargus, Covider, and 7 others; and at 8 stone 7lbs. beat his Royal Highness the Duke of York's Serpent, 8 stone a match over the Beacon course, for 100 guineas each. This was the last year of his running; after which he became a stallion at Woburn, and 1796, the first of his get that started won a sweepstakes of 100 guineas each, at New Market, when six started, and one paid forfeit. The same colt won several times in the following year.
Mufti is 15 hands 2 inches high, and both in and out of training, was esteemed one of the most beautiful horses in England.
As a stallion he has succeeded well, having always covered at a high price; The first of his get that started was in 1796.
The Duke of Bedford's b c by Mufti, out of Bury, won at New Market 500 guineas, beating Gimcrack, Camelion, and 4 others—Racing Calendar, page 121. This colt ran but once this year; in 1797, the same colt won 500, and one hundred guineas at New Market, and 500, at Bedford. He started this year only four times, and won three—Racing Calendar, pages 23, 24, 52, 97.—Mr. Windham's chesnut gelding, by Mufti, won this year also 25 guineas, 100 guineas, and 50 guineas at New Market, and 50 guineas at Brighton: In 1798, the Duke of Bedford's Hunter Rebecca, by Mufti, won the Hunter stakes at Bedford.
MUFTI is by shape, strength and temper, particularly likely to get capital racers, hunters, roadsters and carriage horses.
The pastureage is equal to any in that part of the country, and will be furnished gratis. No responsibility for escapes or accidents, but every care will be taken to prevent either—Notes of hand will be expected with the mares.
WILLIAM BERKELEY. Feb 1st. 1807.
The season will commence on the first of March, and end the last of August.—Any gentleman wishing his mares fed, can be furnished corn (as ordered) at the market price. Wm.
PROPOSALS
WILL be received by the Executive for furnishing the convicts in the penitentiary with Rations for one year from the first day of next month. The component parts of each ration may be ascertained by persons wishing to contract, by applying to
DANL. L. HYLTION, Clerk of the Council. 24th March, 1807. tf
FROM THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
IF a stranger should come among us, who was altogether unacquainted with the existing political state of the world, and particularly with that of the United States, what would be his impressions from reading the federal prints?
1. He would believe that under the name of a free republican government, we had the worst species of despotism that ever existed. He would infer that none of the great privileges, for which men of independent and generous minds have so often risked their all, were enjoyed; that freedom of opinion was not tolerated, that freedom of conscience was proscribed, that the freedom of the press was in chains. It is true that the free strictures passed upon public measures, and the vehement denunciations levelled at public men would lead him to hesitate in embracing this last opinion—but the reiteration of the assertion would compel him to believe at whatever sacrifice of his reasoning faculties.
2. He would believe that freedom of pursuit, the next dearest attribute of an independent mind, was absolutely interdicted, and that the government, by dealing out its protecting power, so encouraged some branches of industry as to embarrass and crush others.
3. He would more especially believe that commerce was in the most ignoble fetters, and that the merchants were consequently among the poorest, lowest, and least respectable classes of the community.
4. He would believe the whole nation to be in a retrograde course towards poverty and debasement.
5. He would believe that industry was paralysed, agriculture unproductive, and manufactures at a stand.
6. He would believe the people oppressed with taxes, and suffering under the most oppressive burthens.
7. He would believe those in government of the lowest order of mankind, and totally incapable of conducting the public affairs.
8. He would infer that the mind of the American was sunk into apathy and ignorance, and that knowledge was his contempt instead of his ambition.
9. He would believe that the American nation and government were held in contempt throughout the whole civilized world. And he would naturally exclaim "miserable people for whom nature and a kind Providence have done every thing—but who have done nothing for yourselves! Thy glory is extinguished. In infancy thou feelest the decrepitude of age. Better had it been for thee and the human race, hadst thou never asserted an independence thou knowest not how to maintain."
But what would the astonishment of our moralising stranger be, on employing his own senses and judging for himself from indisputable facts and observations, to find—
1. That every man, from the highest to the lowest, was permitted to enjoy an unlimited freedom of opinion, political as well as religious, and that the press was suffered, with impunity, not merely to utter the truth, but to propagate the most flagrant untruths, to declare public measures to have been taken which never were adopted, to ascribe motives to public men which never influenced them, and not satisfied with this, to attack their private lives with the basest calumnies. What would be his astonishment to find, although the first magistrate possessed a private character without a stain, that this enlivened organ had tortured

eyes in some measure opened by this strange exhibition, what would be his surprise on appealing to official documents, to find— That in a period of 20 years the population had increased from 2,550,000 to 3,156,000. That the dwelling houses had in the same period increased from 650,000 to 1,225,000. That the improved lands had risen from 21,500,000 to 39,400,000 acres. That the average price per acre had risen from two to six dollars. That the number of horses had increased from 600,000 to 1,200,000; and the horned cattle from 1,200,000 to 2,950,000. That the merchant vessels had increased from 250,000 tons to 1,107,000. That the imports had risen from eleven to eighty millions of dollars. That the exports of domestic production had increased from nine to forty-one millions. And the exports of foreign goods from one to thirty six millions.
That the national revenues had increased in a period of twelve years from eight to thirteen millions of dollars—while the expenditures, making an allowance for the extinguishment of the principal of the debt, have been nearly stationary. That the specie in circulation has risen in a period of twenty years from ten to seventeen millions.
Would he not on imbibing such information, indignantly shun the society of men, so lost to character, so lost to truth, so lost to patriotism, so lost to every honorable feeling? And would he not, freed from this contagion, acknowledge, no matter what country gave him birth, that the existing situation of the United States present the most illustrious commentary on the principles of the republican system, and demonstration of its superiority to all others. Would he not have the magnanimity to admit that in no other country has there been such a rapid progress to wealth and power, such an astonishing advance in the products of agriculture and the extension of commerce.
4. As to oppressive burthens a single glance at the annual official statements, would shew him that in amount the taxes are infinitely lighter than those of any other nation, and that in their actual operation they are, from their nature, scarcely felt—for being equal and impartial, and collected at a very inconsiderable expense, they by no means press on each individual to the amount he pays, or take so much money from his pocket, but are in fact virtually reduced to an amount comparatively small, by every man actually charging them, to a considerable degree, in the price fixed by him upon his labor. It is for this reason that there is no country under heaven in which the taxes are so unoppressive.
5. After contemplating these effects, after passing through the country and beholding an unbroken prosperity from one end of it to the other, and more than all after looking back upon a period in which the whole civilized world has been in convulsion, and this nation alone exempt from the calamities of war, and in the undisturbed enjoyment of peace, although often threatened by the conduct of the most formidable powers of Europe, would he not acknowledge those at the head of our affairs at least as capable of guiding the helm of state as any of the administrations of Europe? Would he not go farther, and judging of the actions of men by their effects, which in a period of any tolerable length is a correct criterion, however unjust in a single case, allow that the American government had pursued a more enlightened policy than any other government on earth, and was consequently composed of men possessed either of greater virtue or greater talent than any other country could during the same time boast? He would not, with the federalists, ascribe every thing to chance, but judging with an impartial eye, he would have but two alternatives—He would either believe the American government the most enlightened on earth, or the American people the most virtuous and best informed. Without acknowledging one or both of these propositions, every thing around him would appear miraculous.
6. Studying the character, and contemplating the pursuits of the respective classes of the Americans, he would perceive an activity and enterprise never at rest, that by daring every thing overcame all obstacles, that with equal ease and success struck the harpoon into the whale, cultivated the earth, pursued the mechanical arts, filled with honor the learned professions, or discharged the more arduous functions of government; talents which imply no inconsiderable share of natural sagacity, and require a large share of acquired knowledge. Would he not be forced to acknowledge, on contemplating this picture, that apathy was unknown, and that an universal and almost insatiable thirst for knowledge pervaded all ranks.
7. Finally, he would be induced to ask himself this question: Can it be that a nation which marches with such unprecedented strides to numbers, to wealth and to power, by developing her solid resources, of which nothing can deprive her, which has maintained peace while the whole surrounding world has been in arms, which has added to her original territory a country of perhaps superior extent without drawing the sword, or causing the infelicity of a single individual, which has in no instance violated the rights of others, or sacrificed her own—can it be that such a nation is held in contempt throughout the whole civilized world? If this be true, what else does it prove but that the whole civilized world is destitute of honor and principle, and that consequently to be despised by such a world, instead of being disgraced, is in the highest degree honorable. But he would deny the fact. How, he would say, can this be the case, when we behold this very civilized world paying more respect to the rights of America than to those of any other nation? It is true her rights are frequently trampled upon; but comparing the aggressions committed on her with those committed on the powers of Europe, we behold only the traces of the hare compared with those of the Elephant.
Would he not, acknowledging his deception, exclaim—"Happy people, who, although you have received the most prodigal favors from nature, have not relaxed your own exertions, but who have, greatly to your honor, felt the one as the strongest excitement to the other. Your name is on the roll of fame. Though young, you advance with the steps of manhood. Maintain, as you hitherto have done, the independence you so gloriously acquired, and the world will pronounce you its best, its most illustrious benefactor."
WASHINGTON CITY, March 27.
The following letter has been put into our hands by a gentleman, who thinks with us that the strange transactions to which it relates have not been sufficiently developed. We all know something of the horrid scenes of tyranny which Ireland, miserable Ireland, has been recently the theatre. These scenes were the natural offspring of monarchy and oppression—they are every where to be found where kings and priests govern. Shocked, therefore, as our feelings may be at their recital, they occasion but little surprise. But that the American government, or its representative, should become the engine of carrying this oppressive system into effect, that they should aggravate the sufferings of the oppressed, that, in violation of the constitutions and laws, established principles and deep-rooted feelings of the nation, they should deny them an asylum in this country, when offered to them by their tyrants, is surprising and merits perpetual remembrance. The correspondence between Mr. Adams, or his Secretary, and Mr. King, on this subject has never been published. It could scarcely fail to be the best commentary on the times of Alien and Sedition bills.
For prudential reasons relative to the gentleman who wrote the letter given, we suppress his name and some circumstances of a personal nature. The letter is from a respectable Irish gentleman, resident in the state of New-York, and is dated March 2, 1807.
"MY DEAR FRIEND,"
"God knows with what sentiments of fond remembrance I read over your letter again and again—it is long since I reckoned you amongst the dead, for I had heard of such an event taking place before I left Ireland. But to find you alive and in such respectable circumstances as your situation indicates, gives me a degree of pleasure which I cannot well describe. "You desire me to give you an account of my affairs and my situation. Just Heaven! was I to relate the occurrences of my life since I last saw you, 'twould fill more than an hundred pages. I will in a few words tell you, that I have been four years shut up in a dungeon—I was arrested in the beginning of '98, and effected my escape from Dublin Castle; I got on board a ship of my own, and arrived in Norway; thence passing through Zealand and Germany, I got to France, where I heard that an expedition had just sailed for Ireland. I then made the best of my way to Hamburg, and entered (as a common sailor) on board a vessel bound for Liverpool. When I arrived there, I found that the handful of French (1087) that landed in Killala after having performed prodigies of valor, were obliged to surrender—that the principals of their Irish adherents were hanged, and that there was a reward of five hundred guineas for my apprehension—I then fled from Liverpool to Cumberland, in the North of England, where partly with a friend, and partly in a thick wood near his house, I remained four months, at the end of which time the state prisoners then confined in the different jails in Dublin, made a stipulation with the government that they should banish themselves for life to the U. States; and they also stipulated that if I thought proper I might surrender myself on the same terms. I availed myself of this, accordingly gave myself up in an unhappy hour. At this time, federalism, (but a more appropriate term would be aristocracy) in this country was in the wane, and verging fast to dissolution, the minister from this to the court of St. James's, was Rufus King, who being directed (as he said) by his government, preferred a memorial or protest against us, and easily obtained the promise of the British government not to let us come here without his consent first had in writing, permitting such emigration. There were two persons of our party, Henry Jackson and John Lynch, who through the interest of some duke or duchess (I suppose) got leave to come to America. I also wrote to him, and received an answer, that "as I was so highly recommended if I would transmit him a petition, praying for leave, he would include it to his government, and he made no doubt (by accompanying it with the documents which he then held in my favor) but I would obtain the desired permission." This letter I answered, telling him, "that I never would so solicit: that the crime I had committed (by the bye, he made use of the word) formed in my mind, his countrymen's best distinction, that I would lie in jail, till my locks grew as white as the foam of the ocean," &c. & other such language ill suited to a courtly ear. In consequence, I lay in jail three years after this; in the mean time, the great philosopher was placed at the head of the government of this country, but owing to some commercial or other reasons, King was not re-called, neither could we tell at that distance, and shut up as we were, in a tomb of the living, but Mr. Jefferson also coincided in our exclusion from this country; being now almost four years in close confinement, and growing grey indeed; my affairs all deranged, my fortunes broken, my (natural strong) constitution beginning to give way, I obtained leave to go to Portugal. I had a little before this time sold seventeen ships and briggs by auction, for less than half their value, the remainder of thirty two of which I was entire and part owner at the time of my arrest, were either lost, taken, or the captains took them off, and I never heard of them, but now that I have time to make some woful calculations, I have lost about 120,000 dollars, and more than half of this I could have saved, only for Mr. King's prohibition. As I said before, I brought my family to Portugal, where I remained a short time at a monstrous expense, and finally got to
America. I sunk a few vats here, and commenced tanner, though a business I knew nothing of, however by working hard at it for these two or three years, I have got some knowledge of it, and am just able to support a family of a wife and seven children."
The Senate of New-York have adopted the following Address.
To THOMAS JEFFERSON, President of the United States.
SIR, The legislature of the state of N. York, sensible of the benefits derived from your past services and anticipating the importance of your future exertions to promote the happiness of your country, feel a peculiar pleasure in expressing their approbation of your conduct in the execution of the arduous duties devolved on the chief Executive of the nation.
Under your administration our liberties have been maintained, our rights protected and our independence preserved inviolate. Amidst the wars and tumults of a troubled world, the American name and character have acquired respectability among foreign nations by the moderation, impartiality and wisdom of your measures, in preferring amicable negotiation to unnecessary warfare, in purchasing territories which might have been conquered, and in distributing equal justice to the weak, and the powerful, the savage and the civilized powers.
The natural tendency of civil government to extravagance and oppression, has been happily counteracted by the establishment of a system of economy in public expenditures, and by the abolition of useless offices, and employments. Our public debt, which was absorbing the revenues of the nation, and leading rapidly to heavy taxation and the impoverishment of the people, has been greatly diminished. The principles of our revolution and the principles of our constitution have been restored and supported by your administration. The agriculture, the commerce, the manufactures and the population of the country have increased and flourished beyond all former example, and the blessings of prosperity have been felt in every part of the union, and by all descriptions of our citizens. The murmurs of opposition to a system of wise measures calculated to produce peace at home and ensure respect abroad, have been silenced not by the strong arm of power, but by the authority of reason and the force of truth. When, sir we perceive these inestimable blessings and consider your distinguished agency in producing them, we cannot refrain from indulging an ardent wish that our country may retain the aid of those talents and that patriotism to which under the smiles of Providence we are so greatly indebted. Under these impressions we sincerely hope that you may feel disposed to accord with the general wish of your fellow-citizens by again consenting to be a candidate for the greatest honor which a nation of freemen can bestow; and a friend of freedom can perceive; and we are firmly persuaded that you will be supported with zeal by every enlightened friend of the liberty, and prosperity of the United States.
Valuable property for sale.
ON Friday, the 20th day of March next, on the premises, will be SOLD, to the highest bidder,
A Valuable tract of Land,
Belonging to the estate of Duncan McLaughlin, dec. lying in the county of Fluvanna, about one mile above the courthouse; containing about 300 acres, on both sides of the Cunningham Creek, and about half a mile from its junction with the Rivanna river. On this Land, is a Plantation of about 100 or 150 acres of cleared land, a great part fresh, a small Dwelling House and some out houses: but the greatest object (it is presumed) to a purchaser, will be the Mill thereon, which with a little repair to the dam, would be one of the most valuable in the upper country; having two pair of stones now constantly running; and notwithstanding the last summer's drought, and a considerable leak in the dam, was but a short time without grinding water. Also, about 20 remarkable likely Negro Slaves, consisting of Men, Women, Boys, &c. Also, the stock of Horses, Mules, Cattle, Hogs, Plantation Tools and Household Furniture. The terms of sale, will be; for the Land, a credit for one half the purchase money, until the first day of January next, and for the balance until the first day of January, 1809.—For the Slaves and Stock, a credit until the first of January next, except a small proportion of Cash, which will be made known on the day of sale. Bonds and approved security will be required of the purchasers, to carry interest from the date, if not punctually paid when due, as to the slaves, stock, &c.; and in addition, as to the Land, a deed of trust on the same to secure the payment.
JOHN QUARLES, Acting Ex'r. Feb. 19, 1807. N. B. Three of the above mentioned slaves are good Boatmen. The sale of the above property has been postponed till Fluvanna April court next; at which time it will take place at the courthouse. J. Q. March 27th, 1807. tds
By virtue of a decree of the Superior Court of Chancery holden in Richmond, the subscribers will expose to sale on the premises, to the highest bidder, for cash, on the 30th day of April next, a TRACT OF LAND, lying in Pittsylvania, on Banister river, estimated to contain 1717 acres more or less, whereon the widow of John Markham and others now reside, or as much thereof as will be sufficient to raise the sum of £871 3 5, with interest from the 10th day of June, 1806, on £405 13 6, part thereof until payment, and interest on £400, also part thereof during the same period, the expenses of the sale and the costs of suit
Isaac Cotes. Thos. Woodbridge, sen. Edward Friend. Allen Whitworth. March 17, 1807. wt20A
VIRGINIA ARGUS.
RICHMOND:
FRIDAY, APRIL 3, 1807.
ON Tuesday last, the Examination of Col. AARON BURR before the Chief Justice of the United States, which had been commenced in private the day before, was publicly continued at the Capitol.
Between 10 and 11 o'clock, a very numerous audience were assembled, and waited some time for the person accused (who had been admitted to bail) to make his appearance in conformity with his recognizance. At length Col. Burr presented himself, and apologized for not attending precisely at ten o'clock; declaring, with apparent emotion, he had misapprehended the hour appointed, and was much mortified that the circumstance had happened.
The prosecution was conducted by Col. A. Rodney, Attorney General for the United States, and George Hay, Federal Attorney for the District of Virginia. The prisoner was defended by Messrs. Randolph and Wickham.
As a report is now preparing for the press and will be published in a few days, of the arguments of Counsel delivered on this occasion, and of every material circumstance relative to the case, we shall not attempt to give a detailed account of the speeches pronounced, which were uncommonly able and eloquent;—but shall content ourselves with briefly mentioning the grounds contended for on both sides.
On the part of the prosecution Mr. Burr was charged—1st, with a high misdemeanor in preparing and setting on foot a military expedition against the dominions of Spain, a country with which the United States are at peace. 2. With treason against the United States in having assembled forces for the purpose of seizing the City of New-Orleans, revolutionizing that territory, and separating it from the Atlantic states. In support of the first charge the affidavit of Gen. Wilkinson and the disclosures made to him by Bollman and Swartwout, were relied upon as sufficient proof. To establish the second it was contended that on a motion for commitment full proof was not necessary; that probable grounds to believe the prisoner guilty were all that the United States ought to be required to produce, particularly under the peculiar circumstances of this case; and that the strong probability existed that overt acts of treason had been actually perpetrated by Col. Burr. The testimony of Gen. Eaton was commented upon with great force as proving his traitorous intention. His flight from justice in the Mississippi Territory, his being apprehended on the Tombigbee river in the neighbourhood of the Spanish settlements, and his attempting, on his way to this place, to appeal to the civil authority, in the state of South-Carolina, where no evidence could have been produced against him except that of Perkins, the man who had him in custody, were adduced as important circumstances to prove his guilt.
On the part of the prisoner it was insisted that every man is to be presumed innocent, until his guilt is established by legal evidence; that an overt act of treason ought to be proved to have been perpetrated by the prisoner, before a Judge could be warranted in committing him; that the evidence in this case was altogether vague, uncertain, and insufficient; that proof of a traitorous intention was not enough to authorize an inference that it had been consummated by a traitorous act; that the flight of Col. Burr and his appeal to the civil authority in South-Carolina were only attempts to escape from military oppression, and that the Government of the United States, having dragged him to this place for trial, ought to have been prepared with full evidence to convict him, and to have sent it in immediately.
Mr. Burr himself made a speech, in which he endeavored to give an account of his transactions, so as to make it appear that they had been innocent; relying greatly on his two acquittals (as he called them) in Kentucky and in the Mississippi Territory. On Wednesday morning the Chief Justice delivered the following opinion.
OPINION
OF CHIEF JUSTICE MARSHALL.
The United States, } On a motion for a } Aaron Burr. } commitment.
I AM required on the part of the attorney for the United States, to commit the accused on two charges.
1st. For setting on foot and providing the means for an expedition against the territories of a nation at peace with the United States.
2d. For committing high treason against the United States.
On an application of this kind, I certainly should not require that proof which would be necessary to convict the person to be committed, on a trial in chief; nor should I even require that which should absolutely convince my own mind of the guilt of the accused; but I ought to require, and I should require that probable cause be shewn, and I understand probable cause to be a case made out by proof, furnishing good reason to believe that the crime alleged, has been committed by the person charged with having committed it.
I think this opinion entirely reconcilable with that quoted from judge Blackstone. When that learned and accurate commentator says, that "if upon an enquiry, it manifestly appears that no such crime has been committed, or that the suspicion entertained of the prisoner, was wholly groundless, in such cases only, it is lawfully totally to discharge him; otherwise he must be committed to prison or give bail." I do not understand him as meaning to say that the hand of malignity may grasp any individual against whom its hate may be directed, or whom it may capriciously seize, charge him with some secret crime, and put him on the proof of his innocence. But I understand that the foundation of the proceedings, must be a probable cause for believing there is guilt, which probable cause is only to be done away in the manner stated by Blackstone. The total failure of proof on the part of the accuser, would be
considered by that writer as being in itself a legal manifestation of the innocence of the accused.
In enquiring, therefore, into the charges exhibited against Aaron Burr, I hold myself bound to consider how far those charges are supported by probable cause.
The first charge stands upon the testimony of general Eaton and general Wilkinson.
The witness first named, proves that among other projects which were more criminal, col. Burr meditated an expedition against the Mexican dominions of Spain. This deposition may be considered as introductory to the affidavit of gen. Wilkinson, and as explanatory of the objects of any military preparations which may have been made.
I proceed then to that affidavit. To make the testimony of general Wilkinson bear on col. Burr, it is necessary to consider as genuine the letter stated by the former to be, as nearly as he can make it, an interpretation of one received in cypher from the latter. Exclude this letter, and nothing remains in the testimony which can in the most remote degree affect col. Burr. That there are to the admissibility of this part of the affidavit, great and obvious objections, need not be stated to those who know with how much caution proceedings in criminal cases ought to be instituted, and who know that the highest tribunal of the United States has been divided on them. When this question came before the supreme court, I felt the full force of these objections, although I did not yield to them. On weighing in my own mind, the reasons for and against acting, in this stage of the business, on that part of the affidavit, those in favor of doing so appeared to me to preponderate, and, as this opinion was not overruled, I hold myself still at liberty to conform to it.
That the original letter, or a true copy of it, accompanied by the cypher, would have been much more satisfactory, is not to be denied; but I thought, and I still think that, upon a mere question, whether the accused shall be brought to trial or not, upon an enquiry, not into guilt, but into the probable cause, the omission of a circumstance which is indeed important, but which does not disprove the positive allegations of an affidavit, ought not to induce its rejection, or its absolute disbelieve, when the maker of the affidavit is at too great a distance to repair the fault. I could not in this stage of the prosecution, absolutely discredit the affidavit, because the material facts alleged, may very well be within the knowledge of the witness, although he has failed to state explicitly all the means by which this knowledge is obtained.
Thus, gen. Wilkinson states that this letter was received from col. Burr, but does not say that it was in his hand writing, nor does he state the evidence which supports this affirmation. But, in addition to the circumstance that the positive assertion of the fact ought not, perhaps, in this stage of the enquiry to be disregarded, the nature of the case furnishes that evidence.
The letter was in cypher. Gen. Wilkinson, it is true, does not say that a cypher had been previously settled between col. Burr and himself, in which they might correspond on subjects which though innocent, neither of them might wish to subject to the casualties of a transportation from the Atlantic to the Mississippi; but when we perceive, that col. Burr has written in cypher, and that Gen. Wilkinson is able to decipher the letter, we must either presume that the bearer of the letter was also the bearer of its key, or that the key was previously in possession of the person to whom the letter was addressed. In stating particularly the circumstances attending the delivery of this letter, gen. Wilkinson does not say that it was accompanied by the key, or that he felt any surprise at its being in cypher. For this reason, as well as because there is not much more security in sending a letter in cypher accompanied by its key, than there is in sending a letter not in cypher, I think it more reasonable to suppose that the key was previously in possession of Wilkinson. If this was the fact, the letter being written in a cypher previously settled between himself and col. Burr, is, in this stage of the enquiry at least, a circumstance which sufficiently supports the assertion that the letter was written by Col. Burr.
The enterprise described in this letter is obviously a military enterprise, and must have been intended either against the United States, or against the territories of some other power on the continent, with all of whom the U. States were at peace.
The expressions of this letter must be admitted to furnish at least probable cause for believing that the means for the contemplated expedition were provided. In every part of it we find declarations indicating that he was providing the means for that expedition; and as these means might be provided in secret, I do not think that further testimony ought to be required to satisfy me that there is probable cause for committing the prisoner on this charge.
Since it will be entirely in the power of the Attorney-General to prefer an indictment against the prisoner for any other offence which he shall think himself possessed of testimony to support, it is in fact immaterial whether the second charge be expressed in the warrant of commitment or not; but, as I hold it to be my duty to insert every charge alleged on the part of the United States, in support of which probable cause is shewn, and to insert none in support of which probable cause is not shewn, I am bound to proceed in the enquiry.
The second charge exhibited against the prisoner is High Treason against the United States, in levying war against them.
As this is the most atrocious offence which can be committed against the political body, so is it the charge which is most capable of being employed as the instrument of those malignant and vindictive passions which may rage in the bosoms of contending parties struggling for power. It is that of which the people of America have been most jealous; and, therefore, while other crimes are unnoticed, they have refused to trust the national legislature with the definition of this; but have themselves declared in their constitution that "it shall consist only in levying war against the United States, or in adhering to their enemies giving them aid and com-

fort."—This high crime consists of overt acts, which must be proved by two witnesses, or by the confession of the party in open court.
Under the control of this constitutional regulation, I am to enquire whether the testimony laid before me furnishes probable cause in support of this charge. The charge is that the fact itself has been committed; and the testimony to support it must furnish probable cause for believing that it has been actually committed; or it is insufficient for the purpose for which it is adduced.
Upon this point too, the testimony of general Eaton is first to be considered. That part of his deposition which bears upon this charge, is the plan disclosed by the prisoner for seizing upon New-Orleans, and revolutionizing the western states.
That this plan, if consummated by overt acts would amount to treason, no man will controvert. But it is equally clear that an intention to commit treason is an offence entirely distinct from the actual commission of that crime. War can only be levied by the employment of actual force. Troops must be embodied, men must be assembled, in order to levy war. If Col. Burr had been apprehended on making these communications to general Eaton, could it have been alleged that he had gone farther than to meditate the crime? Could it have been said that he had actually collected forces, and had actually levied war?—Most certainly it could not. The crime really completed was a conspiracy to commit treason, not an actual commission of treason.
If these communications were not treason at the instant they were made, no lapse of time can make them so. They are not in themselves acts. They may serve to explain the intention with which acts were committed; but they cannot supply those acts, if they be not proved.
The next testimony is the deposition of general Wilkinson, which consists of the letter already noticed, and of the communications made by the bearer of that letter. This letter has already been considered by the supreme court of the United States, and has been declared to import, taken by itself, or in connection with Eaton's deposition, rather an expedition against the territories of Spain than of the United States. By that decision I am bound, whether I concurred in it or not. But I did concur in it. On this point the court was unanimous.
It is, however, urged that the declarations of Swartwout may be connected with the letter, and used against Col. Burr. Although the confession of one man cannot criminate another, yet I am inclined to think that, on a mere enquiry into probable cause, the declarations of Swartwout, made on this particular occasion, may be used against Col. Burr. My reason for thinking so is that Col. Burr's letter authorises Mr. Swartwout to speak in his name. He empowers Mr. Swartwout to make to general Wilkinson verbal communications explanatory of the plans and designs of Burr, which Burr adopts as his own explanations. However inadmissible, therefore, this testimony may be on a trial in chief, I am inclined to admit it on this enquiry.
If it be admitted, what is its amount? Upon this point too, it appears that the supreme court was divided. I therefore hold myself at liberty to pursue my own opinion, which was that the words "this territory must be revolutionized," did not so clearly apply to a foreign territory, as to reject that sense which would make them applicable to a territory of the United States; at least so far as to admit of farther enquiry into their meaning; and, if a territory of the United States was to be revolutionized, though only as a mean for an expedition against a foreign power, the act would be treason.
This reasoning leads to the conclusion that there is probable cause for the allegation that treasonable designs were entertained by the prisoner, so late as July last, when this letter was written.
It remains to enquire whether there is also probable cause to believe that these designs have been ripened into the crime itself by actually levying war against the United States. It has been already observed that to constitute this crime, troops must be embodied, men must be actually assembled; and these are facts which cannot remain invisible. Treason may be machinated in secret; but it can be perpetrated only in open day, and in the eye of the world. Testimony of a fact which in its own nature is so notorious ought to be unequivocal. The testimony now offered has been laid before the supreme court of the United States, and has been determined, in the case of Bollman and Swartwout, not to furnish probable cause for the opinion that war had been actually levied. Whatever might have been the inclination of my own mind in that case, I should feel much difficulty in departing from the decision then made; unless this case could be clearly distinguished from it. I will, however, briefly review the arguments which have been urged, and the facts now before me, in order to show more clearly the particular operation they have on my own judgment.
The fact to be established is that, in pursuance of these designs previously entertained, men have been actually assembled for the purpose of making war against the United States; and on the showing of probable cause that this fact has been committed depends the issue of the present enquiry.
The first piece of testimony relied on, to render this fact probable, is the declaration of Mr. Swartwout, that "Col. Burr was levying an armed body of 7000 men from the state of New York, and the western states and territories, with a view to carry on an expedition against the Mexican provinces." The term "levying," has been said, according to the explanation of the Lexicons, to mean the embodying of troops, and therefore to prove what is required. Although I do not suppose that Mr. Swartwout had consulted a dictionary, I have looked into Johnson for the term, and find its first, and find its first signification to be "to raise;" its second, "to bring together." In common parlance, it may signify the one or the other. But its sense is certainly decided by the fact. If, when Mr. Swartwout left Col. Burr, which must be supposed to have been in July, he was actually embodying men
from New York to the western states, what could veil his troops from human sight. An invisible army is not the instrument of war, and had these troops been visible, some testimony relative to them could have been adduced. I take the real sense then in which this term was used to be, that Col. Burr was raising, or in other words, engaging or enlisting men through the country described, for the enterprise he meditated. The utmost point to which this testimony can be extended, is that it denotes a future embodying of men, which is more particularly mentioned in the letter itself, and that it affords probable cause to believe that the troops did actually embody at the period designated for their assembling, which is sufficient to induce the justice to whom the application is made to commit for trial.
I shall readily avow my opinion that the strength of the presumption arising from this testimony ought to depend greatly on the time at which the application is made. If, soon after the period at which the troops were to assemble, when full time had not elapsed to ascertain the fact, these circumstances had been urged as the ground for a commitment, on the charge of treason, I should have thought them entitled to great consideration. I will not deny that in the cases of Bollman and Swartwout, I was not perfectly satisfied that they did not warrant an enquiry into the fact. But I think every person must admit that the weight of these circumstances daily diminishes. Suspicion may deserve great attention when the means of ascertaining the real grounds are not yet possessed, but when those means are, or may have been acquired, if facts to support suspicion be not shown, every person, I think, must admit that the ministers of justice, at least, ought not officially to entertain it. This, I think, must be conceded by all; but whether it be conceded by others or not, it is the dictate of my own judgment, and in the performance of my duty, I can know no other guides.
The fact to be proved in this case, is an act of public notoriety. It must exist in the view of the world, or it cannot exist at all. The assembling of forces to levy war, is a visible transaction, and numbers must witness it. It is therefore capable of proof; and when time to collect this proof has been given, it ought to be adduced, or the suspicion becomes ground too weak to stand upon.
Several months have elapsed since this fact did occur, if it ever occurred. More than five weeks have elapsed since the opinion of the Supreme Court has declared the necessity of proving the fact, if it exists. Why is it not proved?
To the executive government is entrusted the important power of prosecuting those whose crimes may disturb the public repose or endanger its safety. It would be easy, in much less time than has intervened since Col. Burr has been alleged to have assembled his troops, to procure affidavits establishing the fact. If in November or December last, a body of troops had been assembled on the Ohio, it is impossible to suppose that affidavits establishing the fact, could not have been obtained by the last of March. I ought not to believe, and I do not believe, that there has been any remissness on the part of those who prosecute, on this important and interesting subject; and consequently, when at this late period, no evidence that troops have been actually embodied is given, I must say that the suspicion, which, in the first instance might have been created, ought not to be continued, unless this want of proof can be in some manner accounted for.
It is stated by the attorney for the United States, that as affidavits can only be voluntary, the difficulty of obtaining them, accounts for the absence of proof.
I cannot admit this position. On the evidence furnished by this very transaction for the attachment felt by our western brethren, we justly solicit ourselves. How inconsistent with this fact is the idea that no man could be found who would voluntarily depose that a body of troops had actually assembled, whose object must be understood to be hostile to the union, and whose object was detected and defeated by the very people who could give the requisite information.
I cannot doubt that means to obtain information have been taken on the part of the prosecution; if it existed, I cannot doubt the practicability of obtaining it, & its non-production at this late hour, does not, in my opinion, leave me at liberty to give to those suspicions which grow out of other circumstances, that weight, to which at an earlier day, they might have been entitled. I shall not, therefore, insert in the commitment, the charge of high treason. I repeat that this is the less important, because it detracts nothing from the right of the attorney to prefer an indictment for high treason, should he be furnished with the necessary testimony.
AARON BURR has been admitted to bail by Chief Justice Marshall. He is to make his appearance for trial, in the Federal Court, to be held at the Capitol, in this city, on the 22d of May next, under the penalty of Ten Thousand Dollars, and the following persons were received as his securities, viz: John Hopkins, Esq. late Commissioner of Loans; Mr. H. Heth, of Chesterfield; Major Wm. Langburne, of New Kent; and Messrs. John Gamble and Thomas Taylor, merchants, of this city.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ACTS OF THE LAST GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF VIRGINIA—CONTINUED.
An Act "concerning the proceedings in chancery, and for other purposes" introduces several useful regulations, to diminish those delays in the courts of chancery, for which they have hitherto been so famous. The most important of these, is that which authorises the judges of the chancery District Courts, in vacation, to direct an account to be taken in any cause depending before them, whenever such account would be directed, if the court was in session. This will expedite the progress of many suits, which, otherwise, would have awaited their turn on the dockets, only to be referred to a commissioner when called. The papers may now be put into the hands of the chancellor at any time; and, if he thinks an account ought to be taken, he may order it; so that the commissioner may prepare his report, & the cause be ready for a final hearing, as short time as an order for re-
ferring it, could formerly have been obtained. A farther provision in this Act, will be also conducive to the same good end; viz. "that whenever a commissioner engaged in taking an account, in vacation, shall doubt as to the principles on which it shall be taken, or shall doubt of the propriety of admitting any item of debit or credit, he may state in writing, the points on which he shall doubt, and submit the same to the judge in vacation, who may thereupon decide the questions so submitted; and the commissioner shall govern himself accordingly." This will prevent the necessity of many exceptions to the reports of commissioners; and will, of course, greatly accelerate the final decisions of many tedious controversies.
The act in question also directs that no appeal hereafter be granted in any cause in chancery, until a final decree is pronounced, unless in cases where the court may think it necessary to prevent a change of property, under an interlocutory decree, and before the final decree can be pronounced; that, where an appeal is taken to a superior court of chancery, if the record is not filed before or during the second term, after the appeal granted, it is to be dismissed with costs, unless good cause be shown to the contrary; and that if the defendant in any suit in a chancery district court, does not file his answer within three months after the plaintiff shall have filed his bill, (having also been served with the subpoena at least three months before the said time for filing his answer,) the plaintiff may proceed to take his bill for confessed, and proceed in the same manner as in the case of an attachment executed. The last regulation supplies an omission in the Revised Code; (ch. 64, § 28,) the same provision not being inserted in the law concerning the high court of chancery, with that contained in the law, relative to the county and corporation courts. See Revd. Code, ch. 67, § 47. The arrangement by this act, of the times of session of the superior court of chancery, for the Richmond district, will prevent any interference between it, and the new terms appointed for the court of appeals. The court of appeals will hold its first session in each year, on the first day of January, and continue forty-five juridical days: the court of chancery, on the first of March, and continue twenty-four. The second and third terms of the latter, will begin on the first of May, and fifth of September; and those of the former, on the first of June and fifth of October; so that those courts will never both be in session at the same time; an inconvenience which has often happened heretofore.
An Act on the subject of executions (see ch. 27, p. 16,) contains a provision to prevent the unequal and injurious operation of the law "allowing the same compensation to sheriffs or other officers, for supporting slaves and live stock taken in execution or by attachment, at all seasons of the year, and in every part of the commonwealth, when the means of their subsistence fluctuate with the seasons, and are of different value in different places." For that purpose the county and corporation courts are authorised in the months of May and October annually to settle such compensation; provided the daily allowance shall not exceed 20 cents for each slave, 17 cents for each horse or mule, 9 cents for each head of horned cattle or hog, and 6 cents for every sheep or goat. The second section is of peculiar importance. It permits persons taken or charged in execution for debt, to have the benefit of the prison bounds for one year only; after the expiration of which time, if not discharged in due course of law, that is, either by paying the debt, or by taking the oath of insolvency, they are to be committed to close confinement. This is certainly an excellent regulation, since the honest, but unfortunate debtor cannot be injured by it, and it may compel the payment of many just debts, that otherwise might be lost. This act will commence in force on the first day of May next.
An Act relating to the appointment and duties of Sheriffs (see ch. 18, p. 11,) amends the several laws on that subject in some necessary points; by empowering the executive, for good cause shown, to commission a sheriff recommended by a county court, although he may not have applied for his commission within one month, or given bond within two months after his recommendation; by directing, in case of a vacancy in the office of sheriff, the coroner to perform all the duties annexed to that office, except the collection of taxes, levies, fines, forfeitures, amercements, and officers' fees; and the deputy sheriff to collect all arrearages uncollected by his principal; and by authorising the county courts, where the sheriff and his deputy shall both have died, to appoint a collector for the same purpose. The fourth section gives the same remedy in favor of creditors, for money received on executions, against the sheriffs & representatives of sheriffs, sergeants and coroners, as is given against the sheriff, officer, or under sheriff, by the fifty first section of the act on the subject of executions, in the Revised Code, p. 305 and 306. The same thing was intended to have been done, by the 2d section of the 43d chapter of the acts of 1803; but, upon comparison, it will be found that the words of that act were not perfectly adequate to the end proposed.
An Act "concerning district courts and concerning the assignors of bonds, bills and obligations" directs that whenever the general court shall fail to make an allotment of the districts among the judges, the several judges shall attend the several districts to which they were last allotted. It also provides that when any suit shall hereafter be removed from a county or corporation court, to a district court, by a writ of habeas corpus or certiorari, the proceedings shall be carried on from the stage at which they stood, in such inferior court. This removes the doubt suggested in the case of Halley's admr. vs. Baird & Young, (see Hening & Munford's Reports, p. 25;) & will effectually put an end to the practice of removing causes by habeas corpus or certiorari, for the sake of delay only. On the subject of assignors of bonds, &c. for the purpose of preventing circuitry of action and needless multiplication of suits, it is enacted that an assignee may recover, not only from his own immediate assignor, (as the law has hitherto been) but "from any pre-
vious assignor or assignors, his, her, or their executors or administrators." Provided that in such cases, the remote assignor or when sued, "shall be subject only to such recovery, and have the benefit of the same defence, as if the suit had been instituted by the immediate assignee;" and provided also, that no joint action shall be sustained, except against joint assignors.
(To be Continued.)
MARRIED. At Rye (Mass.) Doct. Jonathan Cae, aged 82 years, to Mrs. Phebe Bets, aged 84 years—This being the lady's fourth husband, and the gentleman not having walked without crutches for the last 20 years, to the astonishment of all present, stood up with nothing but his amiable bride to lead on!
A Pittsburgh paper contains the following announcement of a marriage:—Was married at Canaan—last Saturday morn, A couple that Hymen's gay court will adorn; It was Mr. John Wright, of Rome, in York State, To Mary-Ann Raymond, from Richmond of late—And if they have done well or not in times past It plainly appears she has got WRIGHT at last.
In Osceola, (N.Y.) Mr. George L. Wade aged 19, to Miss Mary Barton, aged 59! At Birmingham, (Eng.) very suddenly, Mr. William Stansly, aged 93, to Miss Julia Waterman, aged 15!—Girls don't be discouraged. At Sharon, Mr. E. Snow of Weston, aged 65, to Miss Peggy Moore, of Sharon, aged 18—The frost of December and the bloom of May united. A Philadelphia paper contains the following wagish announcement of a marriage:—Last Saturday night, By the Rev. Bishop White, Mr. William E. Wright, To Miss Mary Kite, All of this city. (Pretty tolerably witty.)
Died, at New Orleans, on the 23d of February, Mrs. Anne Wilkinson, consort of General Wilkinson. In this city, on Friday last, in the prime of youth, and universally regretted, Miss Elizabeth E. Hay, daughter of William Hay, Esq.—On Sunday last, at his seat near Curles, after a long and distressing illness, Col. William Heth.
Royster & Bohannan, Respectfully inform their friends and the public generally, that they have just received a general assortment of GROCERIES, Which they will sell low for cash, country produce, or good notes at sixty days—AMONGST WHICH ARE—Brown Sugar in hds. & Tumblers, pint and half pint. Loaf Sugar in do. do. & Decanters, quart and pint. Jamaica } RUM } Leiper's Snuff N. England } Window Glass Best Cogniac Brandy } London Mustard Holland Gin } Rice Country do. } Copperas Madeira } New York Candles Sherry } Ginger Malaga & } Spice Dry Lisbon } Pepper Hibbert's } Queen's Ware in Stout and Porter } crates, assorted Writing Paper } New York Soap Brown do. } Imperial & TEAS Nutmegs } Y. Hyson Indigo } Best Green Coffee in Allum } bags Salt Petre } Sack Salt English Gun Powder } Cotton and Wool Shot, assorted } Cards, by the box, } assorted.
Richmond, April 1, 1807.
Military Lands In the State of Ohio, for Sale.
WHEREAS William Carter, late of the city of Richmond, commonly called Doctor William Carter, was, on the first day of August, 1797, and at the time of his death, entitled by warrant or warrants for services as a Surgeon in the service of the United States, to 4000 acres of such Lands, and made his testament and last will on the same day, and year, whereof by he directed, "That as soon as the Surveys of his Lands on the waters of the Scioto, north west of the river Ohio could be received, and a Patent or Patents obtained for the same, the said Lands might be sold to the best advan-
tage, and on the longest credit, that the purchaser of his houses and lots would admit of," and departed this life, without altering or revoking the said testament, whereof he constituted three executors, two of whom, to wit, Joseph Jackson and the subscriber, both of the city of Richmond, only took that office upon themselves. And whereas before the said surveys could be obtained, to wit, two of eight hundred acres each, and one of twelve hundred acres, on the upper side of Dauby creek, and one of one thousand, and one of two hundred acres on the waters of the said creek, the Lands so surveyed had been ceded by the commonwealth of Virginia, to the United States, whereby the obtainment of Patents for the same hath been hitherto obstructed; but that obstruction has been lately removed by an act of Congress, tho' the circumstance of the estate of the said Testator, will not admit any extensive credit, to be given to the purchaser or purchasers.
I as acting Executor of the said Testament, hereby notify to the public, that a sale of the said Lands, will be made at the front door of the Eagle Tavern, in the city of Richmond on Tuesday the 12th day of May next ensuing, at Public Auction, to the best bidder, for the most that can be gotten, in ready money, or notes, with approved endorsers, negotiable, and payable at the Bank of Virginia, within 60 days of the day of sale, when satisfactory proof, relative to the title of Doctor Carter, will be exhibited by the subscriber, and when he will be ready to transfer the same, with a covenant of warranty against all his own acts tending to lessen or impair the same.
CHARLES SPENCER. Richmond, March 30th, 1807. wtds. Advertisement. ALL persons having claims against the estate of John Epperson, dec. are requested to come forward and make them known by the 16th day of May next, as the administratrix is anxious to close her administration. This advertisement will be pleaded in bar against those who do not come forward within the time limited. BETSY ANN EPPERSON, Adm'x. March 29th, 1807.
VIRGINIA, TO WIT: At a Chancery District Court, held at former Capitol, in the city of Williamsburg, the 25th day of October, 1806. Robert Clark Jacob, William Hathaway and Molly his wife, late the widow of Robert Currell, deceased, and Elizabeth Currell, daughter of the said Robert Currell, deceased, plaintiffs. Against Elisha Hall, Richard Hall, and Mary his wife, Elizabeth Hall, only child of the said Richard and Mary, and Peter Conway, defendants. THE defendant Peter Conway, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country: On the motion of the plts. by their counsel, It is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term and answer the bill of the plaintiffs, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former capitol in this city.
A Copy, ANTY. ROBINSON, C. C. VIRGINIA, TO WIT: At a Chancery District Court, held at the former Capitol, in the city of Williamsburg, the 25th day of October, 1806. Robert C. Jacob, Mary Ann Haggamon, widow of John Haggamon, deceased, and Elizabeth, Nancy, Sarah, John and Mary Haggamon, infant children of the said John Haggamon, deceased, by the said Mary Ann, their mother, and next friend, plaintiffs. Against Elisha Hall, Richard Hall and Mary his wife, Elizabeth Hall, only child of the said Richard and Mary, and Peter Conway, defendants. THE defendant Peter Conway not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country: On the motion of the plaintiffs by their counsel, It is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term and answer the bill of the plaintiffs, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former capitol in this city.
A Copy, ANTY. ROBINSON, C. C. VIRGINIA, TO WIT: At a Chancery District Court, held at the former Capitol, in the city of Williamsburg, the 25th day of October, 1806. Robert Clark Jacob, and Timothy Mc Namara, plaintiffs. Against Elisha Hall, Richard Hall and Mary his wife, Elizabeth Hall, only child of the said Richard and Mary, and Peter Conway, defendants. THE defendant Peter Conway, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country: On the motion of the plaintiffs by their counsel, It is ordered, that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term and answer the bill of the plts. and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former capitol in this city.
A Copy, ANTY. ROBINSON, C. C. Will be Sold, AT Hanover courthouse, on Wednesday the 27th day of May next, if fair, and if it is not fair, on the first fair day thereafter, the TRACT OF LAND, whereon Samuel Richardson, Jr. esq. now resides, to satisfy George Street & Co. the sum of £114 6, within interest thereon from the 7th of June, 1803 till paid and costs; in conformity to a decree of the County Court of Hanover, pronounced on the 27th day of February, 1805, in a suit then depending in the said court between the said parties. THE COMMISSIONERS. Hanover, 1st April, 1807. idsl
Solen, FROM the subscriber, living near Pocahontas bridge, in the county of Chesapeake, on the 12th instant, a bright sorrel HORSE, judged to be eight years old, 14 hands high, short bushy tail, hanging mane, and a small blaze in his face; is in pretty good order; both shoulders have been lately rubbed with the gear. He was seen between here and Richmond, on the above mentioned day, and I have every reason to believe he is stolen. Whoever will deliver the said horse to me, and secure the thief, shall receive a reward of fifteen dollars, or for the horse alone, shall be liberally rewarded. D. PECK, Smith. March 19, 1807.
New Books Just received and for sale at this Office, Vol. 3d, Part 2d, or No. 6, of Doct. Rees's new Cyclopaedia. Ferguson's Lectures on select subjects, in Mechanics, Hydraulics, Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Optics, Geography, Astronomy, and Dialing—a new edition, corrected and enlarged, and adapted to the present state of the arts and sciences—carefully revised, and corrected by Robert Patterson, Professor of Mathematics and Teacher of Natural Philosophy in the University of Pennsylvania—in 2 vols. with a quarto vol. of Plates. Walpole's Life of Charles James Fox. Coleman's Collection of Facts and Documents relative to the Death of Gen. Alexander Hamilton. The American Dispensatory by Doct. Coxe, of Philadelphia. The First Settlers of Virginia an Historical Novel, exhibiting a view of the rise and progress of the Colony at Jame Town, &c. Rural Economy—containing a treatise on Pigs, Buildings; on Buildings in general, particularly on the arrangement of those belonging to farms; on the culture of the vine; and on Turnpike Roads, with plates. By S. W. John. Powell on Devices.

Sales at Auction.
Will be SOLD, by the subscribers on Tuesday the 14th day of April next, on the premises,
THE HOUSES and LOT,
at present occupied by Thomas Underwood, esq. consisting of an excellent brick dwelling house, smoke-house, carriage-house and stable, all lately built and in complete repair; the lot well enclosed. One half the purchase money payable next Christmas, and the balance payable the Christmas following, for bonds with approved security, with a deed of trust on the property to secure the punctual payment of the money.
At the same time and place will be sold four or five excellent HOUSE SERVANTS , together with several new FEATHER BEDS , and a great variety of Household and Kitchen FURNITURE , for bonds with approved security, payable next Christmas.
PROSSER & MONCURE, Auc'rs. Feb. 25, 1807. tds
WILL BE SOLD,
At Public Auction,
On the seventh day of April next, sundry
Valuable LOTS,
With and without improvements, lying on the Main-street, passing through Adams's Valley, and a short distance from the Market-House—consisting of
A lot, on which is erected a neat two story brick house, completely fitted for a grocery; fronting on the main street about 200 feet, and running back about 200 feet to Adams's canal—Four unimproved lots, 25 feet each, front, adjoining each other, fronting on the same main street, and running back about 250 feet to Adams's canal—These latter lots are separated from the lot on which stands the brick tenement, only by Mr. Samuel Bell's lot.
To give a further description of the above valuable property, is deemed unnecessary. Its advantageous situation, arising from its contiguity to the market—its situation immediately on a populous road, even now, & promises soon to be the greatest inlet to the heart of the city, with the increasing value of landed property in the neighborhood, promise that few similar opportunities will offer hereafter for making such valuable purchases.
The terms are, a credit of 6, 12 and 18 months, the purchasers giving bond and security, together with deeds of trust on the property to secure the faithful performance of their contracts—which bonds and other securities must be made to the satisfaction of Messrs. Prosser & Moncure, who will conduct the sale.
THOMAS PULLING. Richmond, 18th Feb. 1807. tds
Pursuant to the foregoing advertisement, the subscribers will proceed to sell the above mentioned property on the day aforesaid, precisely at 11 o'clock in the forenoon of that day, on the premises, agreeably to the terms therein specified.
PROSSER & MONCURE, v. m.
Land for Sale.
By virtue of a deed of trust executed to me by William Tear, to secure the payment of a debt due James Murphy and company, I will SELL, to the highest bidder, for ready money, at Amherst courthouse, on Saturday the 28th day of March next, a tract of LAND, lying in Amherst county, on the branches of Naked creek, within one mile of the courthouse aforesaid, containing 320 acres, being the tract on which the said William Tear now resides, and known by the name of the Tan-Yard—being only interested as trustee, for the benefit of others, I will only warrant the title of the said tract of land, as to myself and those claiming under me.
JOHN HIGGINBOTHAM, Trustee. Warminster, 18th Feb. 1807. 4w
IN consequence of an error in the above advertisement, the word Tear being taken for Tear , the sale of the above tract of land is postponed until Saturday the eleventh day of April next, at which time it will certainly take place.
John Higginbotham. March 9, 1807. tds
WANTED,
A DISCREET industrious Woman, as a house-keeper—one who can come recommended for her integrity, will meet with liberal wages by applying at the Bell Tavern.
February 12th 1807. tf
JUST RECEIVED & FOR SALE,
In addition to our extensive assortment of
BAR-IRON , a quantity of
SHEET-IRON,
NAIL-RODS , and best polished
WAGON-BOXES.
We have also received several Ton
Broad Bar-Iron,
Suitable for plantation use.
RUSSELL & WALLACE. Richmond, Jan. 19, 1807. 3m
MATTRESSES.
CAN be had on very short notice, MAT-
TRESSES of all sizes & kinds, agreeably
to order, in the large corner white house, opposite the Old City Tavern, two squares below the Market Bridge—BEDS made & MATTRESSES repaired.—Horses TAILS & MANES purchased.
Jno. S. Pleasants. Jan 1st, 1807.
WE have removed to the house formerly occupied by Messrs. DONALD MACKENZIE & Co. nearly opposite the Bank. JAMES & JOHN DUNLOP. Petersburg, 3d March, 1807. 6w
COMMITTED to the jail of Hanover county, a negro woman as a runaway, who says her name is TEMPY, and that she is the property of Thomas Cawthorn of Spotsylvania. The owner is requested to pay charges and take away said slave. THE JAILOR. Hanover courthouse, Mar. 10, 1807. tf
FOR SALE.
My tract of Land,
In Powhatan county, containing between nine hundred and a thousand acres, and lying within two miles of the courthouse, and on both sides of Pine creek. This tract of land would be sold entire, otherwise laid off in lots to suit purchasers. Any persons inclined to purchase, it is expected will first view the premises—any further description is deemed unnecessary. For terms apply to the subscriber, living on the premises.
SAM. BASKERVILLE. Powhatan, Jan. 4th, 1807. tf
Land & Negroes for Sale.
By virtue of a deed of trust executed to me by Thomas Randolph, to secure the payment of a debt due Isaac H. Coles, I will sell, to the highest bidder, for ready money, on Tuesday the 18th day of April next, at Chinquapin Church, in Amelia, one hundred and fifty acres of LAND, lying on Appomattox river, in the county of Amelia, being a part of the land on which the said Thomas Randolph now resides, and known by the name of Moaven's. Also NINE NEGROES, viz. Ned, Jesse, Kitty, Alexander, Dandridge, Spencer, Suke, Richard and Caroline, or so much of the said property as will be sufficient to discharge the debt mentioned in the deed.
J. COLES, JR. March 2, 1807. tds
Wanted a Situation,
EITHER in a Counting-House, or be-
hind a Counter—A young Man who
has been bred to the Mercantile business,
and come well recommended, a line ad-
dressed to A. Z. and left at Cabell'sburg post office, will be regularly attended to.
March 10, 1807. 1m
Notice.
ALL persons are forewarned from using
or taking Sand from the Sand-Bar,
called Catts's, without the previous con-
sent of the subscribers, who are alone au-
thorised to sell or appropriate the same.
For the convenience of those who incline to
purchase, we have authorised Mrs. Cotts
to act. Any sale or contract which she
may make will be ratified by us.
Samuel M'Crack, Pleasant Younghusband, } Trustees Richmond, 20th Feb. 1807.
WHEREAS some time past, I purchased a piece of land in Goochland county, of one William Lovell, for which I gave him two bonds, one for eighteen pounds, payable the 25th day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight, the other bond for 27 pounds, payable the 25th of December, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, and as the said Lovell has gone away without making me a right to the said land agreeable to bargain, I do forewarn all person or persons in trading for the above-mentioned bonds, as I do not intend to pay them unless I get a right agreeable to bargain.
WM. SHEPPARD. 9th November, 1806. tf
NEW YORK
STATE LOTTERY,
Authorised by an act of the Legislature, and payment of prizes guaranteed by them, POSITIVELY commences drawing in the city of New York, on the second Tuesday in June next.
THE CAPITAL PRIZES ARE
1 of 25,000 DOLLARS.
2 of 10,000 DOLLARS.
2 of 5,000 DOLLARS.
2 of 2,000 DOLLARS.
6 of 1,000 DOLLARS.
And several of 500, 200, 100, &c. &c.
Less than 2 1-2 blanks to a prize. The
first drawn ticket every FIFTH day will be
entitled to a capital prize; and the second
drawn ticket EVERY DAY, will be
entitled to 200 dollars.
TICKETS,
HALVES, QUARTERS and EIGHTHS,
ARE NOW SELLING AT
WAITE'S
TRULY FORTUNATE LOTTERY OFFICE,
No. 64 and No. 38, Maiden Lane, New York.
By enclosing bank notes, of any description, (post paid) to G. and R. WAITE, tickets and shares will be punctually returned by post, to any amount, and the earliest advice sent to adventurers of their success.
During the drawing, WAITE's weekly printed prize list will be sent to the printer of this paper, and to the post master at Richmond; and at the conclusion of the drawing, will also be sent, the managers' printed prize list, for the satisfaction of distant adventurers.
At the above offices, have been sold in the late lotteries, prizes amounting to a sum, exceeding 300,000 dollars.
Present price of tickets, Seven Dollars, but will advance as the drawing approaches. Prize tickets in the late New York lotteries taken in payment.
New York, March 10, 1807. 3m
LOST OR MISLAID,
Three Certificates of Funded Debt
of the United States, viz.
No. 413, Deferred Assurance debt, dated
30th June, 1792, for $ 401 34
No. 669, ditto, same date, 169 47
No. 303, Public debt, 30th June, 1791, 500 00
In all, $ 1071 01
In favor of Francis Charlton of York Town, Virginia, and issued by John Hopkins, Commissioner of Loans. This public notice is given, that new certificates may issue to replace those that have been lost.
JAMES BROWN, Atty. for Mary Charlton, Ex'x. of Francis Charlton, dec. Richmond, 12th March, 1807. 6w
Lesueur & Saunders
Are now receiving and will constantly keep
a large supply of
Bar-Iron & Castings,
Of superior quality.
Feb. 2d, 1807. tf
FOR SALE,
A valuable tract of Land,
IN the lower end of Buckingham, lying on Buffalo creek, adjoining the lands of Mr. James Wilson and Mr. Copland, containing upwards of one thousand acres, being in a populous and wealthy neighborhood and within three miles of Ca-Ira.
A sufficient quantity is opened to work ten hands to advantage—the greater part being yet to clear, abounding in excellent timber, and affording from four to five hundred acres of prime tobacco land.
Mr. Moses Scott living on the premises will show the land to any one inclined to purchase. For terms apply to the subscriber.
SUSANNA WILCOX. Chellowe, 16th March, 1807. 2m
FOR SALE,
And possession given the 1st of January
next,
A valuable tract of Land,
In the county of Albemarle, on the waters
of Moore's creek, containing 600 acres—
The soil is equal to any in the county for
the culture of corn, wheat and tobacco—the
advantages it possesses make it a desirable
situation, it being within two and a
half miles of Charlottesville, six of Milton
and four from the President's manufacturing
mill. On this tract there is a good new
two story dwelling house, with other necessary
houses, sufficient for the reception of a
gentle family; the plantation is in good order
for cropping. Any person inclined to
purchase, may know the terms by applying
to William Galt, in Richmond, or the sub-
scriber, in Milton, who will show the land,
and treat for the same.
DAVID ANDERSON. February 11, 1807. 4w
N. B. If the above mentioned tract of
land is not sold before the 4th day of May
next, being Albemarle court day, it will
that day be sold at public auction, before
Triplet T. Estes's tavern in the town of
Charlottesville.
For Hire—A MAN,
Who is well acquainted with the manage-
ment of race horses. For further infor-
mation apply to Mrs. Sarah Gann, Rich-
mond Hill, or to
JOHN TURPIN, sen. Feb. 21, 1807. 5t
GOUTY,
IMPORTED last fall, by
Brown & Rives, will stand
the ensuing season at my stable, in Amherst,
five miles from New-Glasgow, at twenty-
five dollars the season, dischargeable by
twenty, if paid by the first day of October
next—The season to commence the first of
March and end first August—Mares may
be covered by the leap at twelve dollars,
paid at the time of service; or forty dol-
lars to ensure them in foal, payable first
day of January next—one dollar to the groom
in every case—Good and extensive pasture,
gratis, but no liability for accidents
or escapes.
GOUTY is a beautiful bay, ten years old,
in high health and vigor, five feet three in-
ches high, full of bone and muscle, fine
points and elegant form. He was after many
months research selected by Mr. Weather-
by (author of the racing calendar and
general stud-book) as one of the best horses
that could be procured in Great Britain.
In a letter from him he says there never
was a higher bred horse shipped from
Great Britain or any other country.
GOUTY was got by Sir Peter Teazle (un-
questionably the best stallion now in Eng-
land) his dam the famous Yellow Mare by
Tandem; granddam, Perdita by Herod;
great grand dam, Fair Forrester by Sloe;
great great grand dam by Forrester; great
great great grand dam by Partner; Croft's
bay Barb; Makeless; Brimmer; Son of
Dodsworth; Burton Barb Mare.
GOUTY run but three times, owing to
an injury he received in the fore leg—
1st, in 1799, for the Darby stakes, for
three year olds, won by Archduke.
2d, in 1800, sweepstakes, for all ages,
with 25 guineas added out of the racing
fund—won by Gouty, beating Fugleman,
Vivaldi, &c. &c.
3d, New-Market July meeting, £ 50, by
subscription, won by Sorcerer.
ROBERT RIVERS February 10th, 1807. 8w
FOR SALE,
Next door to Mr. William Temple's,
Allum Salt, &
New-England POTATOES,
Of superior quality. Also—A General Assortment of
GROCERIES,
Good of their kinds and low in price, which
will be sold for cash, or exchanged for
country produce, by
JOB GREENE. Richmond, March 6th, 1807.
Upper Appomattox Company.
AN ELECTION OF TRUSTEES will
be held at Painville, on Tuesday the
14th of April. The shareholders are re-
quested to be punctual in attending, either
in person, or by proxy.
Jos. Eggleston. Edmund Harrison. Edw'd. Mumford. March 9th, 1807. 4w
MINTON COLLINS
RESPECTFULLY informs the public,
that he has just received by the ship