The recorder, or, Lady's and gentleman's miscellany (Richmond, Va.), 1802-03-13 00:00:00

With this Number sent these papers out by James, and desired his Mother sending them to Eliza B. and to him
THE RECORDER; Or, LADY'S AND GENTLEMAN'S MISCELLANY;
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The Laws of Virginia,
TO BE PRINTED
By SAMUEL PLEASANTS, Jun. And HENRY PACE.
AMONG other numerous and important Improvements in the proposed Richmond Edition of "The Revised Code of the Laws of Virginia," the following will be particularly attended to:—The Act of Assembly, for convoking the Convention of this State, in Order to discuss the Question of the Federal Constitution;—the Law, respecting the Acceptance and Ratification of the Federal System;—the Laws concerning Canals, the Patowomac, the James River, and other Companies.
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Revised Code.
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A Variety of Watches, Watch Chains, Keys, Trinkets, &c.
CALEB WILLIAMS.
[Continued from our last.]
THE angry expostulations of Mr. Tyrrel suggested new ideas to the tender mind of Miss Melville. He had never confessed the emotions of his soul so explicitly before; but the growing tempest of his thoughts suffered him to be no longer master of himself. She saw with astonishment that he was the irreconcilable foe of Mr. Falkland, whom she fondly imagined it was the same thing to know and admire; and that he harbored a deep and rooted resentment against herself. She recoiled, without well knowing why, before the ferocious passions of her kinsman, and was convinced that she had nothing to hope from his implacable temper. But her alarm was the prelude of firmness, and not of cowardice.
No, sir, replied she, indeed I will not be driven any way that you happen to like. I have been used to obey you, and in any thing that is reasonable I will obey you still. But you urge me a little too far. Why do you tell me of Mr. Falkland? Have I ever done any thing to deserve your unkind suspicions? I am innocent, and will continue innocent. Mr. Grimes is well enough, and will no doubt find women that like him. But he is not fit for me, and torture shall not force me to be his wife.
Mr. Tyrrel was not a little astonished at the spirit which Emily displayed upon this occasion. He had calculated too securely upon the general mildness and suavity of her disposition. He now endeavoured to qualify the harshness of his former sentiments.
G—damn my soul! And so you can scold, can you? You expect every body to turn out of his way, and fetch and carry, just as you please. I could find in my heart to break your heart. But you know my mind. I insist upon it that you let Grimes court you, and that you lay aside your sulks, and give him a fair hearing. Will you do that? If then you persist in your wilfulness, why there I suppose, is an end of the matter. Do not think that any body is going to marry you, whether you will or no. You are no such mighty prize, I assure you. If you knew your own interest, you would be glad to take the young fellow, while he is willing.
Miss Melville rejoiced in the prospect which the last words of her kinsman afforded her, of a termination at no great distance to her present persecutions. Mrs. Jakeman, to whom she communicated them, congratulated Emily on the returning moderation and good sense of the squire, and herself on her prudence in having urged the young lady to this happy expostulation. But their mutual felicities lasted not long. Mr. Tyrrel informed Mrs. Jakeman of the necessity in which he found himself of sending her to a distance upon a business which would not fail to detain her several weeks; and, though the errand by no means wore an artificial or ambiguous face, the two friends drew a melancholy preface from this ill-timed separation. Mrs. Jakeman in the mean time exhorted her ward to persevere, reminded her of the compunction which had already been manifested by her kinsman, and encouraged her to hope every thing from her courage and
good temper. Emily, on her part, though grieved at the absence of her protector and counsellor at so interesting a crisis, was unable to suspect Mr. Tyrrel of such a degree either of malice or duplicity, as could afford ground for serious alarm. She congratulated herself upon her delivery from so alarming a persecution, and drew a prognostic of future success from this happy termination of the first serious affair of her life. She exchanged a state of fortitude and alarm for her former pleasing dreams respecting Mr. Falkland. These she bore without impatience. She was even taught by the uncertainty of the event to desire to prolong rather than abridge a situation which might be delusive, but was not without its pleasures.
Nothing could be farther from Mr. Tyrrel's intention than to suffer his project to be thus terminated. No sooner was he wholly freed from the fear of his house-keeper's interference, than he changed the whole system of his conduct. He ordered Miss Melville to be closely confined to her own apartment, and deprived of all the means of communicating her situation to any one out of his own house. He placed over her a female servant in whose discretion he could confide, and who, having formerly been honored with some amorous notices from the squire, considered the distinctions that were paid to Emily at Tyrrel Place as an usurpation upon her own more reasonable claims. The squire himself did every thing in his power to blast the young lady's reputation, and represented to his attendants all these precautions as necessary, to prevent her from eloping to his neighbour, and plunging herself in total ruin.
As soon as Miss Melville had been twenty-four hours in durance, and there was some reason to suppose that her spirit might be subdued to the emergency of her situation, Mr. Tyrrel thought proper to go to her, to explain the grounds of her present treatment, and acquaint her with the only means by which she could hope for any change. Emily no sooner saw him, than she turned towards him with an air of greater firmness than perhaps she had ever assumed in her life, and accosted him thus:
Well, sir, is it you? I wanted to see you. It seems I am shut up here by your orders? What does this mean? What right have you to make a prisoner of me? What do I owe you? Your mother left me an hundred pounds. Have you ever offered to make any addition to my fortune? But, if you had, I do not want it. I do not pretend to be better than the children of other poor parents; I can maintain myself as they do. I prefer liberty to wealth. I see you are surprised at the resolution I exert. But ought I not to turn again, when I am trampled upon? I should have left you before now; if Mrs. Jakeman had not overpersuaded me, and if I had not thought better of you than by your present behaviour I find you deserve. But now, sir, I intend to leave your house this moment, and I insist upon it that you do not endeavour to prevent me.
Thus saying, she arose, and went towards the door, while Mr. Tyrrel stood thunderstruck at her magnanimity. Seeing however that she was upon the point of being out of the reach of his power, he recovered himself and pulled her back.
To be continued.

Since our last, no news has arrived from Europe. A rumour has, this week, been flying about Richmond, that the French Republic is going to chuse a King ! It is rather odd that, at this time of day, such a story can find believers.
The expected scene of blood has opened in the West Indies. We may, for a considerable time to come, prepare ourselves for hearing the uniform and disgusting tale of slaughter and devastation. Our readers will find whatever is hitherto known upon that head in this day's "Recorder."
The Judiciary bill past the house of representatives of congress on the 3d. current. Yeas, fifty-nine. Nays thirty-two. The sequel of our remarks on the speech of Governor Morris, along with several other articles, and a note to a correspondent , have unavoidably been postponed.
All chance of compensation for the seizure of our merchant vessels by the French is now gone forever. The treaty which has been ratified between the two countries comprehends, it seems, this most miserable and mortifying concession.
We feel an impossibility of giving the debates of congress in the full amplitude with which they are reported. This we have remarked more than once. The case is not peculiar to "The Recorder." Were the materials apportioned among all the four newspapers of Richmond, they could not easily find room for insertion of the SUPPLEMENTAL WHOLE. Even the daily prints of Baltimore and Philadelphia drag on at a very tiresome distance from the date of discussion. And before they can overtake it, there sometimes occurs an intermediate question in congress, which has, by that time, invited and engrossed the attention of the public.
It has also been explained to our readers that this impossibility of a complete publication of these debates of congress arises from two causes; first, the prodigious prolixity with which these debates are taken. And, secondly, the recent superaddition of the senatorial debates, like a load above a burden; when those of the representatives alone were already more than sufficiently oppressive.
It is not our design here to intimate that the proceedings of either house are undeserving of an attentive perusal. Nothing was farther from our meaning. But no newspaper in Virginia can accomplish the complete publication of them; and even if that point were gained, not one person in two hundred possesses curiosity, time, or patience, to read one half of these harangues. What are you to make, for instance, of the speech of Mr. Bayard upon the judiciary bill? He spoke, first and last, six hours and an half. An equal proportion of time would be required to read these two speeches. And one of the sublime editors of the city of Washington tells us that this performance altogether eclipses Chatham, Tully, and Demosthenes. In a London quarto edition, two speeches of the Greek orator, which are by far the longest of the whole collection, fill two hundred and ninety-seven pages. Mr. Bayard's remarks on the judiciary bill must be as long, or longer than both of them put together. And yet this Chatham of Delaware is only one of perhaps twenty successive speakers in the house of representatives upon this single bill. Mr. Rutledge spoke five hours! on the same side of the question with Mr. Bayard. The conjectural average of speeches is three in two days.
Amidst this abyss of elocution, we can only promise that we shall do our utmost for the amusement and information of the reader. We shall continue to select what we consider as the most interesting scenes on the floor of congress. At the end of the session, we shall publish a summary of all those laws past in the session, which are of a general nature. This will include observations upon their principles and tendency. A historical review of that kind has not hitherto been attempted in any newspaper with which we are acquainted. If the style of our execution shall bear any tolerable proportion to the importance of the design, this article must be, in an eminent degree, interesting and instructive. In the act of appropriation for the service of the current year, for example, we shall meet with a wide field of criticism. As one specimen we shall be tempted to enquire from what part of the constitution congress derive authority for expending fifteen thousand dollars per annum upon the
NOTES.
* The writer of the letter might well have spared this remark. Since the commencement of the federal government, the inhabitants of the Western frontier have been often abandoned and sometimes betrayed by their pretended protectors. The tale is no secret.
† Pope. ‡ See "The Recorder" of March the 6th. § Ibid. Feb. 27.
civilization of Indians? A long report upon this subject was lately circulated in the public prints; and it would have been extremely satisfactory, if the writer of the piece had, at the same time, pointed out the constitutional authority upon which congress held themselves warranted to proceed. Some years ago, the town of Savanna was entirely destroyed by a conflagration. An application was made to congress for relief; and this strange idea was warmly supported by Mr. Harper, by Mr. Vans Murray, the late ambassador to France, and a large minority* of the representatives. It was answered that the town of Lexington in Virginia had recently been burnt; that the inhabitants of this place, had an equal title to congressional bounty, with the sufferers at Savanna; that there would be no end to such applications; and above all, that the constitution gave no warrant for such a mode of expending federal money. The claim was, accordingly, cast upon its back.
This transaction applies exactly to the point before us. But the case that a representative from Virginia shall apply to congress for fifteen thousand dollars per annum to be expended in the establishment of free schools to promote the education of white children, whose parents cannot afford to pay for it. The general government is at least as much interested in their civilization as in that of the Creek Indians. Yet this proposal would instantly be scouted as a consummation of audacity. The civilization of the savages is indeed a desirable object; and so is that of the Algerines. But it does not follow that the people of this country must pay for such things. The trading houses with Indians present another unconstitutional bubble, upon which immense sums have been sunk; and with which congress had no right to meddle. It was just, for all the world, like the history of the Crescent frigate, which was privately built at an expence of near three hundred thousand dollars, and sent as a present to the Algerines.
We select these instances in preference, out of ten scores, because they do not apply to any particular party, either federal, or democratic. The readers of "The Recorder" may rest assured of receiving much original information, and sometimes information, which it is not in the compass of any other American editor to furnish. The public are very well acquainted with the previous publications of the writer of this article. They may confide in "The Recorder's" impartiality. They will soon be convinced that this paper is not a tame echo of its cotemporaries, and that we shall not gorge it with scurrilous inuendos against other editorial competitors for public notice. We shall neither calumniate nor flatter men in office. We shall neither defame nor worship men that are out of it. The public shall see that, from whatever quarter imposture and falsehood may come, yet, that if they force themselves in our way, it shall be our ambition to blast them with the lightning of truth.
NOTE.
* We have seen this expression ridiculed as a ball. It seems proper enough.
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Feb. 13. 1802.
MR. THOMAS moved the following resolution.
"Resolved, That a committee be appointed to enquire into the expediency of extinguishing the claims of the United States for certain balances, which by the commissioners appointed to settle the accounts between the United States and the individual states, were reported to be due from several of the states to the United States, and that the said committee have leave to report by bills or otherwise."
MR. SAMUEL SMITH moved an amendment. This enjoined that the resolution should be referred to a committee of the whole house, instead of a select committee.
As many of our readers do not perhaps know what a committee of the whole house means, and as we remember that, in days of yore, we have been mightily puzzled with this enigma, it may not be improper to explain the term. Those who understand this phrase already will be kind enough to pardon us.
The house, then, is bound down by certain rules in the form of its proceedings; and an observation of them is requisite for the sake of regularity in conducting business. But occasions often happen, wherein it becomes convenient to put aside these forms, and proceed in a more desultory manner. When this is the case, the speaker nominates a member to fill the chair, and mingles with the rest of the assembly. In this case, he can speak, if he pleases, and as often as he pleases; for, in the house itself he must be silent, unless as to matters of form. Every other gentleman also may speak as often as he chooses, whereas, in the house itself, he can only speak once, unless when he is permitted to explain. Mr. Harper at one time, got up in the house under a
presence of explaining, and went on with a second speech. Dayton, the speaker, directed him to sit down. Upon this Harper appealed to the house and although both parties held him very cheap, he was permitted to proceed. In a committee, however, he could have gone on without such leave. No bill passes in a committee. No yeas and nays are taken. When the members are tired of sitting, they break up, and transform themselves back into a house. The speaker resumes his place. The late chairman reports to him what the committee have been doing, and it is common to take the question immediately, whether the house will agree to the report of the committee? We now proceed with the debate on the resolution of Mr. Thomas, and Mr. Smith's amendment. The subject is very curious. The details which it brings forward are well worth all men's attention. We shall abridge the report; for, in its original form, it would fill a page and a half.
MR. SMITH approved the amendment. He thought that the question lay within very narrow bounds. Will you forgive your just debts on the ground of generosity?
MR. HILL wished to cancel these debts, even if they had arisen upon a just consideration. This was his opinion upon the principle that, in our government, whatever hazard the harmony of the union ought to be avoided. Precedents were not wanting, in which sacrifices had been made to this principle. He referred to quieting the claims under Connecticut rights. [This, by the way, was but a poor mode of argument.] Upon such a principle, government may find it convenient to forgive every person who gets into its debt. If it cannot enforce the payment of debts arising upon a just consideration, the state vessel is nothing but a wreck, without mast or rudder, that rolls and tumbles on the ocean of contingencies. Under the pretence of promoting harmony, the governing faction of the day can, by this doctrine, do just what they please. They can remit, for instance, the stamp duties, or excise, or imposts, collected in Rhode Island, or Pennsylvania; because this remission would very much promote the attachment of these two states to so generous a government. As for the donation to Connecticut, that was made, in the session of December 1799, and it was principally promoted by the prevailing power of a New England majority. The substance of the case was shortly this. Connecticut had received a charter, which interfered with the limits of the province of New York, and with a subsequent charter of Pennsylvania granted by Charles the second to William Penn. This produced numerous disputes, as well as a sort of still-born civil war on the North Eastern frontier of Pennsylvania. The progress of this war was checked by the breaking out of the American revolution. Two years ago, congress, as a full compensation for all these claims, made a present to Connecticut of a great body of land, as large as Connecticut itself, that stretches along the southern shore of lake Erie. We have paused to explain this interesting and singular transaction, because, in three fourths of the United States, its nature; and even its existence, is about as little known as the tactics of Hannibal, or the comedies of Menander. An uncommon combination of circumstances produced this congressional gift, for such it was. But this gift cannot be battered into a general precedent for the remission of lawful debts; and especially, when it is confessed, as in this case it must be, that the parties are able to pay them. We speak here of the matter, as a speculative principle: If congress find it expedient, or necessary to make a general remission, they are welcome to do so. Their constituents will submit in silence. But consider this proposed remission, as a fact separate, and by itself, without embracing the circumstance of political necessity; and then you never can defend it, either upon the basis of theoretical justice, or of the federal constitution. The former demands that every state shall discharge its defined proportion of public burdens. The latter has no where granted congress authority to give a remission of these balances, that have been ascertained as due to the general government by individual states. All this proves by the bye, that the constitution is an imperfect instrument; and that congress are frequently compelled to reconcile its contradictions, and to supply its chasms.
These remarks have no reference to the conduct of a particular party. They can promote no purpose of ambition; or of faction. They are inserted in this place, from a persuasion that they must tend to illustrate the subject of the following discussion. We now return to the speech of Mr. HILL.]
Every man in North Carolina, said the member, believes that the adjustment of these debts was iniquitous. He stated a case, which had come before the board of commissioners.*
NOTE.
* Three commissioners had been appointed by the old confederation congress to settle the balances that were mutually due between congress and individual states. The task was accomplished in such a manner as might have been expected. An hundred Albert Gallatins could not have done tolerable justice to the subject in the course of a century.
Two claims had been made both for the same amount, and the same description of supplies, one on one side, and one on the other side of Redce river, one in North, and the other in South Carolina, and in one case seven shillings had been allowed, and in the other only sixpence for the bushel of wheat.
The business generally was entitled to the attention of congress. It had in fact, already been attended to at different times. New York had extinguished 300,000 dollars of her balance, under certain provisions applied to her case.
Gentlemen talk of moral obligation to discharge these balances; but they go on the principle that these debts are established. This we deny. We say that in all contracts there are two parties; and that the United States saying it is a debt, does not make it so.
MR. HOLLAND stated, that the reason of North Carolina being a debtor state was that she had preserved no vouchers of the operations of her militia. He was indifferent whether the subject was taken up directly, or referred; but he was convinced it ought to be examined and elucidated. Why hold it up in the present state? Is it, that the general government may gain a greater ascendancy over the states?
(To be continued.)
From the BALTIMORE FEDERAL GAZETTE of March 3.
CONFLAGRATION OF THE CAPE.
Arrived last evening, capt. Rogers, of the schooner Neely, from Cape Francois, which he left on the 14th of February. The news by capt. Rogers is most distressing, both on account of the American property which has been destroyed at the Cape, and the scenes of horror and bloodshed which have and will take place.
It appears that a division of the French fleet consisting of fourteen sail of ships of the line, and ten other ships of war, with about 20,000 men, arrived off the Cape on the 3d of February, when negotiations were entered into by the commandants on each side, as to the terms on which the one party were to be permitted to land, and the tenure on which the other was to hold their liberty. During these negotiations, general Leclerc refused to recognize any such character as a governor in the island, whose sanction, it was pretended by the blacks, was wanting to permit him to land. This impolitic step immediately roused the suspicions of the negroes, who peremptorily forbade him to land, and threatened, if force were used, to repel it by force, to fire the town, and murder the whites. On the evening of the following day, one of the ships hove in near shore, and was fired on by the battery with red hot shot, which was at the same time the signal for the conflagration of the town. Fire and faggots lighted up the flames in many parts at the same time, and the place, during the night, exhibited a scene of horror and destruction beyond the power of description, and equalled only by the dreadful fate it experienced in the year 1792. Many massacres took place, and the brutal rage of the negroes spared neither age nor sex; not of their own color, except Americans, one only of whom (a young man from Charleston) was killed. With one hand the black demons of slaughter were seen holding up the writhing infant, and hacking off its limbs with the sword in the other. Those who escaped the sword were preserved to witness more horrid sensations, being dragged by the negroes (who evacuated the town during the fire) and after demolishing of the forts to their strong places in the mountains, to serve as hostages, or to glut their fury. On the morning of the 5th, of 2000 houses, 59 only had escaped the ravages of the flames, and their tenants, except a wretched few on board the shipping, were nowhere to be seen. Sugars and other property either rolled in liquid fire along the streets, or mounted in cloudy volumes to the skies. All the plantations of the extensive and flourishing plain around the Cape for many miles; exhibited the same tremendous appearance. P. de Paix was also consumed, and every town in the island except Fort Dauphin, it was expected, would share a similar fate with the Cape. Fort Dauphin had been preserved, by another division of the fleet taking possession of it without molestation; four divisions have arrived at different points of the island about the same time. Besides the two mentioned, one had gone into the bite of Leogane.
After the total evacuation of the Cape by the blacks, the French shipping hauled into the harbor and took possession of the town and forts. Captain Rogers was permitted by the intendant to sail on the 14th with dispatches, we learn; but all other Americans were still detained.
It was not known where Toussaint was during the conflagration, but he was supposed to have been at the Cape, in the act of directing the hand of destruction. He is now at the head of his army in the mountains, in a place strong by nature, and which he had for some time been fortifying and rendering impregnable by art. To this strong hold he has retired with his myriads; and from it will make his murderous excursions and harass his assailants. Rigaud, his old and implacable rival, was with his enemies, and much was

expected from his knowledge of the island, and his influence with the inhabitants of the South.
It was reported at Cape Francois, that the fleet destined for Guadalupe had arrived, and that the same scenes had occurred there. Notwithstanding all our affidavits we were not so fortunate as to obtain an interview with captain Rogers yesterday—Our account of the affair at the Cape was given from a variety of reports, some of which were necessarily incorrect; but which we have now the pleasure of rendering more accurate, from a personal conversation with captain Rogers himself. It does not appear that general Leclerc's conduct was wanting in conciliation and policy; nor did the black commandant, Christophe, threaten to massacre the whites if the French persisted in landing, although the savage fury of the negroes actually perpetrated the horrid deeds of blood related. The division before Fort Dauphin was opposed, and some blood was spilt; but the place was taken before it had been set on fire. The name of the Charleston gentleman killed at the Cape was Lanchester. A great number who were confined in prison were burnt to death, and the skeletons, with the manacles on, were to be seen after the fire had subsided. (Ibid.)
From the BALTIMORE AMERICAN.
Arrived ship Diana, Capt. Cook, New Orleans, February 9.
(FROM THE LOG BOOK.)
Lat. 24, 30, long. 54, at 8 P. M. spoke the Schooner Nancy, Morris from Natchez bound to New York; while in the act of speaking, we were passing each other in opposite directions, with a brisk breeze from the eastward; he being under my lee, he called to me apparently in great confusion, that some one was overboard; I immediately hove my sails aback, and lowered down my stern boat, and sent it to the assistance of the drowning, whom we should not have found, it being dark, had he not kept calling out he should drown. When the boat came to him he desired they would take the woman in first, although he said she was dead, which apparently was the case; when she was taken into the boat there was not the least sign of life in her, but she soon came to when she got on board of the Schooner.
Capt. Morris informed me, that the vessel rolling heavy to leeward, the woman, who was a passenger, fell overboard; the man was a sailor and a passenger, and jumped immediately over after her, and supported her under one of his arms till my boat took them up.
A trio of duels has been recently fought in the neighbourhood of New York. One of them was between a Mr. Chandler of Philadelphia, and a Mr. Carlisle of Albany; the latter wounded in the thigh. The second was between two gentlemen, whose names are not mentioned; but the story is, that the challenged, who was a Yankee, not having been controuled in the choice of his weapons, brought to the field of action, a musket, instead of a pistol; which was objected to by the seconds, as not being a suitable weapon to blow out a friend's brains; after observing that he never fired a pistol in his life, he proposed that he should have a fortnight's time to practise the pistol, and his antagonist the same period to practise the musket, at the expiration of which time he would be content to use either. This was agreed to, and they accordingly again met, and the third shot of the Yankee, hit his friend on the fleshy part of the seat of honor, and here the affair ended. The third duel took place in New Jersey; the parties were accompanied to the field by several of their acquaintances, who before the firing commenced, took to the trees, which commanded a view of the terrific scene; the seconds also followed their companions to their supposed safe retreat; but as one of the principals chose to terminate the business by discharging his pistol in the air, it so happened that the ball passed through the upper limbs of the tree, where the seconds had posted themselves, and created so much agitation and alarm, that one of them fell down and broke his collar bone. Here too this honorable affair ended.
In the high Court of Errors and Appeals, which sat last month in Philadelphia, the important and interesting question relative to the legal right of holding slaves in Pennsylvania, coming before the court in the case of negro Flora, plaintiff in error, and executors of Joseph Graibury, deceased, defendants, was discussed and determined. After an able discussion, the court unanimously determined in favour of the defendants, to wit, that negro slavery did legally exist before the adoption of the present constitution, and was not abolished thereby, and that the negro Flora was a slave.
NORFOLK, Feb. 25.
BEWARE OF INCENDIARIES!
On Monday night about nine o'clock, the inhabitants of this borough, were alarmed with the cry of FIRE! which was perceived
by the watchmen to be in a building adjoining Mr. Hayes's brewery, where he had a quantity of straw deposited for the purpose of packing bottles; by timely exertions the flames were got under before there was much damage. From a coal being found concealed, and other circumstances, there is no doubt but the demolition of the brewery was intended by some infernal villain or villains. It is incumbent on the inhabitants to be very watchful, as there are some incendiaries lurking about this town.
Extract of a letter from a respectable commercial house in London, dated December 4, 1801.
A Bill is now in its progress through parliament, to permit the importation of provisions into this country, duty free, until the 1st of January, 1803. This bill will receive the king's assent in a day or two. Our crop has certainly been abundant, but the whole stock being small, we are of opinion considerable supplies will be wanted from abroad. Spain and Portugal are also in want. France may be able to feed herself, but has nothing to spare. The same may be said of Belgium. Holland is more short than usual. Supplies will be received from the Baltic and the Elbe, but short of last year. Upon the whole, we think there is a fair opening in Europe, for the surplus grain of America, the ensuing year, and at prices that will pay the planter well; that is to say, wheat in our opinion, will not be under 56s. 8d. per quarter; fine flour, 40s. per bbl.; rice, 20s. per cwt.; cotton 8d.; to 2s.; Sea Island ditto 2s. 6d. if clean; tobacco and West India produce, at peace prices."
On the 1st of January last a duel took place near Loftus's Heights, Mississippi territory, between capt. John W. Livingston, of the 2d. regiment of artillery and engineers, and Lieut. James Ryan, of the 3d. regiment of infantry, in which the former was wounded in the head, but not mortally.
From the BOSTON TELEGRAPHE, Feb. 17th.
The following melancholy accident happened on Friday evening last, between the hours of 6 and 7 o'clock:—A son of Mr. John Croser, of this town, was instantly killed by the discharge of a musket. A jury of inquest immediately called, gave in a verdict, that he came to his death by an accidental discharge of a musket, in the hands of Samuel Brown, a boy of thirteen years of age.
The circumstances are as follows:—Three neighboring lads by the names of Paul Croser, Samuel Brown, and John Barnabee, each 13 or 15 years of age, were at the house of Mr. Amasa Frissel in the evening; he and his wife being from home, left 3 children; 2 of them soon went to bed; the eldest, a boy of 8 years old, was at play with the others, when Samuel Brown took a musket from behind the bed, not thinking it was loaded, and laid it across his left arm to snap it, as he said, to give them a start. But, shocking to relate! it went off, and the contents were lodged in the head of Paul Croser, near his left ear, who expired instantly.—When they saw their mate was dead, John Barnabee ran to the neighbors to tell the melancholy news; the other tarried with the children until the neighbors came to their assistance.
From the PITTSBURG GAZETTE.
Extracts from a letter from a Gentleman in Kentucky, to his Brother in lower Virginia.
"PASSING from domestic intelligence, I hasten to lay before you the outlines of the most august proceedings of the people of God, that ever were seen in this state."
"The people known by the name of Presbyterians, assembled on Friday last at Concord meeting house, by way of preparation for the Lord's Supper. I did not attend until Sabbath day, when I saw the ordinance administered, and many of the prostrate on the ground crying for mercy. I passed the day as an impartial spectator, but frequently wrapped in amazement, wonder, and doubt; and anxious for certainty, I retired to a solitary part of the woods, and there prostrated myself before the great God of heaven and earth, and frequently prayed to be directed in the right way; but alas, I returned with a most obdurate heart, ready to vilify, ripe for reproaching and persecuting the people of the most high God. I stiled it enthusiastic levity; I called it a delusion of the devil, in conjunction with hypocrisy, operating on the minds of the illiterate, and credulous by the power of oratory. Notwithstanding, said I, it may turn the wicked, alter the drunkard, and finally reform the prodigal; nevertheless, I thought it derogatory to the laws of God. You may easily see by this, that I returned much displeased with the proceedings of the day; I did not intend to return the day following, but while I slumbered on my pillow, the monitor that never sleeps, while we are surrounded with the blackness of darkness, gave me a severe wound. I rolled in my bed, and cried for mercy, but found none."
"A more tremendous sight never struck the eye of mortal man. The very clouds seemed to separate and give way for the praises of the people of God to ascend the heavens, while thousands of tongues, with sound of hallelujahs, seemed to roll through infinite space. Hundreds of people lay prostrate on the ground crying for mercy.—O! my brother, had you been there to have seen the convulsed limbs, the apparently lifeless bodies, to all of which the distorted features exactly comported, you would have been constrained to have cried out, as I was obliged to do, that God was among the people. Nor was this confined to the commonality alone, but the people of every description lay prostrate on the ground. There you would have seen the learned pastor, the steady patriot, and the obedient son crying holy, holy, holy Lord God Almighty. There you might behold the honorable matron, and the virtuous maiden crying Jesus thou son of the most high God, have mercy upon us! Turn your eyes a few paces farther, and you might see the prodigal and professed libertine crying hosannah to God in the highest, there is no other name given under heaven among men by which we can be saved, but the name of Jesus. See the poor oppressed African with a soul liberated, longing to be with his God."
On the 1st of October, about three in the morning, Couteau, a young man, a laborer, a Hamonville, in the department of Vosges, diving his horses to pasture, heard the cries of a woman, who implored assistance in the most plaintive accents. He ran, and perceived a large wolf holding a woman under his paws. Although he was unarmed, he threw himself upon the animal, which got him under his turn. The widow Couteau ran to the cries of her son; the animal pursued her and got her down. Couteau again seized the wolf, dragged him to the ground, caught hold of his jaw, which he kept locked in his right hand, and at the same time pressed his left hand thumb with such force on his eye, that the animal howled with agony. The mother finding herself disengaged, seized the animal by the tail, which she held with all her force to the ground. The young Couteau, aged eighteen, flew to their relief, armed with a hatchet; the first blow fell on the reins of the wolf, with little effect. Animated by the danger which awaited his mother, he repeated his blows with such success that the furious animal soon expired. (Paris paper.)
The British sloop of war Fairy, has been wrecked in the Chesapeake, and only 5 of the crew out of 120 were saved.
Extract of a Letter from a Gentleman in the Town of St. Mary's, dated 10th of February 1802, stating a few absolute facts.
"I am sorry to inform you that our neighbors in East-Florida are in a dreadful situation at present. That infamous fellow Bowles, has at length brought the Indians and Spaniards to open hostility. Four months past, the Machaiouky Town Indians, (where general Bowles makes his head quarters) took from the plantation of F. P. Fatio, esq. on the river St. John's, forty-nine of his negroes, which were conveyed to Bowles; Mr. Fatio's son followed a few weeks after to the Indian town, and saw Bowles, but could not recover one of his negroes, and not without great difficulty got back himself, being greatly injured, and having his horses taken from him. A gentleman from New England named Hull, (commonly called judge Hull) obtained from the governor of Florida, leave to form an extensive settlement at the Matanzas, about 60 miles to the southward of St. Augustine, the same spot where Dr. Turnbull, had his Greek settlement. Mr. Hull had brought from the northward a number of settlers, with whom he began to prepare for planting; but Bowles's Indians came, whipped some; plundered the whole of them of every thing they had, and drove them out of the country. This took place about a month or six weeks past.—About three weeks ago, a party of the same Indians plundered Mr. Dupong, who lived about thirty miles south of Augustine, of ten grown negroes, and the same day killed a young man named Bonnelly, and carried off his mother and three sisters.—Four days past, a party of friendly Indians, who had been selling their deer skins, horses, &c. in this town, and who were well known to belong to towns which never favored Bowles's measures, were met by some of the inhabitants of Florida, within three or four miles of this place, on the Spanish territory, when four of them were shot. This ill-aimed and imprudent act will, in all probability, bring a general Creek war on the Floridas. The thinly scattered inhabitants are flying in all directions for safety; some to Augustine, some to the islands on the sea coast, and several have come on our side of the St. Mary's river. It is now evident that all the settlements in Florida, will be totally broke up; and of course, those restless Americans who have gone there, will with themselves once more quietly settled under a government which is both willing and able to protect the
lives and property of its citizens.* What renders the situation of the planters in Florida more deplorable, is, that the whole force of the Province, (Militia included) is by no means equal to meet three hundred Indians in the woods. Add to this, that there is not a single military post on their frontier towards the Indians.—Poor encouragement this indeed, to emigrants to that country."
[From certain phrases in this letter, it seems very possible that the whole piece may be some land jobbing forgery.]
BOSTON, February 19.
A letter from Liverpool, dated December 22, states, that the exportation of provisions from England has been prohibited for six months, ending June 12th 1802; and that the importation is permitted after that period. This must improve West India markets.
The following Highway Robbery and Murder, was lately committed near Philadelphia.
A country waggon, in which there were two men from Chester county on their way home from market, was stopped early on Monday night, between the centre-square engine-house, and the middle ferry, by three footpads, armed with pistols, and dressed in dark blue roundabout jackets or spencers. When the waggon stopped, they told the countrymen that they must instantly deliver their money, or they would blow their brains out.—While they were receiving from the person who sat in the back part of the waggon the little money which he had about him (amounting to 4 shillings) the one who held the reins, and sat on the front seat, expostulated with them, and solicited them to desist, as they were but poor men.—One of the robbers ordered him on pain of death, to cease speaking and, horrid to relate! these words were scarcely uttered before one of his bloody companions fired; the ball it is said penetrated his heart; he fell forward between his horses, and instantly expired! on which the villains fled. We regret, that we have it not in our power to give a more accurate description of the persons and dresses of those atrocious murderers.
The deceased was a man of good character, and has left a wife and three children to deplore their loss.
[A reward of four hundred dollars has been offered for a discovery of the offenders.]
LAW CASE.
King's Bench, November 3.
DAWSON vs. GILBERT.
This was an action to recover the amount of a bill for millinery articles, furnished by the plaintiff to the defendant's wife.
Mr. Miagay stated, that the defendant was an opulent clergyman, and that his wife, from her rank and station in life, was entitled to wear the articles which his client had furnished her with, and consequently her husband was bound to pay for them.
Mr. Erskine, for the defendant, admitted that a man was bound to pay for the dress of his wife, provided it was such as accorded with his rank and station. But he contended that his client's wife had taken those articles which were far beyond her husband's sphere, and that the plaintiff ought not to have given her credit for them. He described the lady as in the wane of beauty, and the mother of several children, but still retaining the most passionate fondness for splendor of dress. The defendant, who was a clergyman, in easy but not opulent circumstances, usually passed part of the year in London, and had frequent occasions to regret his wife made that season an opportunity for gratifying her taste at the expence of his more solid comforts. He had paid the plaintiff a bill of 10l. and upon that occasion strictly enjoined her not to give his wife any further credit, but to deal only for ready money. Notwithstanding this caution, the plaintiff again trusted her for 17l. and which this action was brought to recover. Among other things he stated, that after the plaintiff had received this caution, he caused her daughter who managed her business, to write to Mrs. Gilbert, informing her she was about to introduce a new-fashioned spring hat, and hoped that she would patronize it by giving her an order for one.
Mr. Erskine then proved the notice and the letter, by which the plaintiff excited the defendant's wife to run in debt with her, notwithstanding the defendant's caution.
Lord Kenyon observed, that if the plaintiff could recover her demand, after she had received notice not to trust the lady, there could be no domestic security; and a man could never guard against the indiscretions of his wife. It was clear the husband was bound to pay the debts of his wife, which were contracted for articles consonant with her rank in life; but it was never yet imagined, that if a woman acted indiscriminately, and her husband cautioned a tradesman not to deal with her but for ready money, that after such caution he was bound to pay the debt she might contract with that tradesman. His opinion was, that there was not the least foundation for the present action.—Verdict for the defendant.
(London paper.)

MARENGO; OR, THE CAMPAIGN OF ITALY;
[Continued from our last]
IT is supported by two hundred columns of marble, and divided into three large naves, besides the aisles. But that which surprises the most is, the work of the outside; the quantity of niches, and the countless number of marble statues of every size, with which the walls are charged from the bottom to top. One may consider the design of this church as the height of folly in Gothic architecture; and, perhaps, there exists no where else in the world, a building so loaded with useless ornament.
The Ambrosian library is the thing the most striking in Milan, after the cathedral. The buildings which are appropriated to it, have nothing very magnificent about them; but the room of the library, which is an oblong square sixty feet by twenty-four, and thirty-six in height, is a very fine one. A winding gallery affords the greatest facility of reaching the books which are in the shelves above. There were formerly reckoned to be forty thousand volumes of printed books and fifteen thousand manuscripts in the library; but of late the number has considerably diminished. Among the manuscripts were some uncommonly beautiful; and in these were several precious ones of the Greek poets, such as Hesiod, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Pindar, Lycophron, Moschus, Aristophanes, Theocritus; &c. The dome can only be compared to the French Pantheon, for its size and architecture. Underneath the gallery is placed the famous Madona.
How shall I express the satisfaction I experienced at the view of the immense space which presented itself to my enchanted eyes! Thence I could contemplate the Alps, which are discoverable along their whole extent, among which we easily distinguish the Col-di-Tende, Mount Blanc (whose majestic summit seems to sustain the sky), Mount Cenis, Mount Genevre, the Simplon, Saint Gothard crossed by Suvarrow, and the Great Saint Bernard, which has born on its lofty front an Hannibal and a Buonaparte.
The Grisons are next beheld; and we only see, as through a thick cloud, the defiles of Tyrol. Nearer to my observation I discovered, without difficulty, the Cisalpine Republic, Piedmont and a large part of Liguria. What cities, what towns, what villages, what scattered habitations did I not view, which brought to my mind the recollection of great events! A multitude of battles won and lost! A long list of both virtuous men and famous rascals! of whom this beautiful and unhappy country, has, for more than thirty centuries, been the theatre and the tomb.
XIV. Entrance into PAVIA.
We staid seven days in Milan, where pleasures of every kind were within the reach of all those who had the means of purchasing them, and thereby indemnifying themselves for their past interruptions. There was no fear of Milan becoming a Cepua to the French soldiers, under the command of General Buonaparte. The distribution of the rations was good and regular, and we could not have wished for better quarters. We were contented with what fell to our lot, being more covetous of glory than pleasure, without being envious of those better able to procure it.
Whilst the division of Loison took the road to Lodi, the Cisalpine Legion marched toward Brescia to have an eye upon that beautiful country, which had changed its masters seven times in twenty eight years. General Lannes, always in the advanced guard, took possession of Pavia, on the 5th of June, where he found considerable magazines of provisions, near one hundred milliers of powder, five hundred pieces of cannon on carriages, and an equal proportion of ball; besides the powder magazines, and eight hundred sick and wounded Austrians.
The city of Pavia, once the capital
of Lombardy, was founded by our brave ancestors the Gauls, but was afterwards taken by the Romans, who in their turn were driven out by the Goths in the 5th century. About 1477, the town, being little better than a mass of ruins, was rebuilt, when it changed its name of Tefinum for that of Pavia. It fell into the hands of the Lombards in 568, and in 774 into those of Charlemagne, who founded its university. It was here that Francis I. while besieging it in 1525, was taken prisoner by the Imperialists. Pavia has never recovered itself since it was sacked by the French General Laurence, in 1527.
With respect to the Austrian force, we learn, that all this while General Melas was at Turin, but that the greatest part of his army was still concentrated before Genoa. Perhaps he still despised our force; or, what is equally probable, he was only executing the orders of the Cabinet of Vienna, which perhaps had resolved on possessing that city, at whatever rate it might be obtained. He detached General O'Reilly to Piacenza, and General Otto upon the Tefino; and lastly, he was desirous of operating a powerful diversion in detaching six thousand men to Chivasso, on the side of the Po. This party pushed their patrols as far as Vercelli, where they set at liberty three hundred Austrian prisoners taken by the French.
XVII. Taking of PLACENTIA.
Without being a profound politician, an able geographer, or a great tactician, any soldier, though but little gifted in prophecy, must have seen the necessity of a battle which, however desirable to one and the other army, would of course decide the fate of Italy. It was necessary to be Frenchmen, and to be full of a well merited confidence, to shut our eyes upon the dangers which might now surround us on all points. But Murat beat General O'Reilly, at Piacenza; possessed himself of the city, and blockaded the citadel. O'Reilly, seeing by this disaster the possible danger of his retreat towards Tuscany, fell back upon General Otto, at Stradello and Montebello.
At this time the advanced guard, and all the rest of the army, had taken a position on the Po, in the place where, by the junction with the Tefino, it is as deep as the Rhine. We were no longer to fight with scattered troops; assembled in haste as before, but with the advanced guard of the Austrian army, from fifteen to eighteen thousand men, chosen troops, to whom we had been represented as mere recruits, and who, enflamed by their late success against Scherer, waited for us with a firm foot on the bank of the River. In short, every thing that had taken place hitherto, might be considered as play, in comparison with what was about to happen.
XVIII. Passage of the Po.
Our army now augmented every day. A strong division of the army of the Rhine, from which it had separated under the walls of Ulm, after having traversed the Grisons and crossed Mount St. Gothard, and having as well as ourselves, had obstacles to overcome, and the threat of famine to struggle with on their passage, arrived very a propos to share our dangers and our triumphs. But they had been compelled to leave their artillery on the other side of the mountain for the sake of expedition.
The grenadiers and carabineers contended with impatience for the honor of passing the river first; the battalions were also as eager to come to blows. The enemy appeared to despise their hardihood, by allowing them leisure to disembark. But as two flying bridges were established across the River, out numbers that landed increased every moment, and this raised their intrepidity higher and higher. No sooner had all the advanced guard crossed than we attacked the Austrians, with a kind of fury; never the less they stood the shock with firmness.
At length Lannes ordered the charge; his sang froid redoubled our efforts. The 6th light, the 28th of the line and 44th, precipitated on the enemy with advance-
ing bayonets, driving them into the swamps, and following them as far as Stradella, upon the road from Piacenza, to Tortona. Prudence restrained their impetuous valor from further pursuit. Night came on, and every one of us passed it, in hopes of finishing the work next day.
XIX. Battle of MONTEBELLO.
The sun had scarcely risen above the horizon when the advanced posts began to be in motion. The enemy's cannon played, and the several battalions took their respective directions. Our light artillery, and that of the Consular guard, returned their fire. Montebello, which gave name to this sanguinary combat was taken and retaken, and the eagerness was as great on one side as on the other; but the numbers were very unequal.
Our advanced guard, about six thousand infantry and four hundred cavalry, alone sustained the brunt of the action for some time; but the division of Watrin was approaching, having effected its passage. During this interval, six of the enemy's battalions and several squadrons of fresh troops, bore hard upon our advanced guard. Their numerous cavalry too, profiting by the advantages of an open meadow, charged the 11th and 12th hussars. This onset was terrible, and the carnage frightful; the enemy had the advantage for two hours. At length General Watrin came up, and in an instant changed the face of things. All the different corps received the same impulsion, as it were simultaneously, and bore on the enemy, who hesitated, staggered, and soon after retired, like anything swept away by an overwhelming torrent.
The standing corn, and especially the rye, with its lofty straw, hindered the respective armies from distinguishing each other clearly. They ran upon one another without knowing what force they were contending with; the bayonets crossed each other, dealing out certain death on all sides. An impetuous courage prevailed, and the Austrians gave way, making precipitately for Voguera. Six thousand prisoners, and twelve pieces of cannon were the reward of this victory. Several generals, and officers of distinction, in the Austrian army, were among the killed and wounded; and the ground covered with the slain and the dying, proved to general Melas what were the soldiers he had to do with.
XX. Reduction of GENOA, by the Enemy.
WE learned, by the prisoners, the fate of Genoa, and its honourable capitulation. This unfortunate intelligence made a lively sensation on our minds; but the success we had just obtained, tempered, in a great degree, the pain it occasioned. But that which for the moment appeared a real calamity to our eyes, seemed two days after to increase our fame, as we had the glory to combat with all the Austrian forces united, and to gain an ever-memorable victory.
XXII. Blockade of TORTONA.
The day after the battle of Montebello, our head quarters were removed to Voguera. The army filed through this town, on its march to Tortona. On passing under the window, at which was the Consul, we there saw general Desaix, and an emigrant officer, who had come to parley with him. Upon this we endeavoured to shew in our countenances and our gestures, the joy which reigned in our hearts. The cries of Vive Buonaparte! with our music playing the burlesque air, answering to the words, " Nous lui percerons le flanc ," we observed to darken the aspect of that officer.
To take Milan; to operate a junction with general Moncey, who had come from the Rhine with two divisions; to cut off the rear of the enemy at Brescia, Orsi-Novi, Marcaria, and Piacenza; to take their Magazines; possess ourselves of their depots, their sick, and their park guns, were the orders given to the parties for their movements, while the main army was to watch that of the enemy, beat up the Po, and effect the passage of that river before the Stradella.
(To be continued)
COOK'S VOYAGE.
[Continued from our last]
THOUGH he was pleased with his situation, yet his disorder, which was of the bilious kind, continued to increase. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander were both seized with the country disease, to which Mr. Monkhouse the surgeon fell the first sacrifice. His death was greatly regretted. Poor Tupa died next, and Tupa was so much affected by the news, that he survived but a few days, during which time he refused all medicines. In short, the scene of distress increased amazingly, so that before the ship was sufficiently repaired there were not more than ten men able to do duty. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander were given over, but being removed into the country recovered slowly. The Captain himself was at length taken ill, as was Mr. Sporing, a gentleman who attended Mr. Banks, by which it was supposed the disease was infectious. At length the joyful news was received on the 8th of December, that the ship was perfectly refitted; and from that day till the time of her departure, the utmost diligence was used to take in every necessary for the prosecution of their voyage home.
On the 26th of December, they set sail from this pestilent harbor; after some warm altercation between the Governor of the town and Capt. Cook, about retaining a sailor who had left the Dutch service, and had entered on board the Endeavour: in which, however, the Captain behaved with becoming spirit and gained his point. At their setting sail, the number of sick was at least 40, and those that were called well, were so feeble as scarce to be able to keep their watch. But what is remarkable, every individual had felt the pernicious effects of this inhospitable climate, except an old sail maker, who, tho' upwards of 70 years of age, kept himself drunk every day; but whether from that circumstance, or the strength of his constitution, certain it is that he ailed nothing the whole time.
Tupa's death is not ascribed to the climate. Being all his life accustomed to live on vegetable food, when he came to be obliged to subsist on the provisions of the ship, he began to suffer from the scorbutic disorders that generally attack landmen in long-continued voyages at sea without refreshment from the shore, and it is thought he could not have lived to see England, had he not been carried to Batavia for the ship to refit. On the 15th of March, they arrived at the Cape of Good Hope. Here the survivors were set on shore with all possible dispatch; for during their voyage the infectious disorder contracted at Batavia raged with incredible malignity. Mr. Banks's life was more than once despaired of; the ship was nothing better than an hospital; those that were well were in number hardly sufficient to give due attendance on those that were sick; insomuch, that in the short run of six weeks they buried, three-and-twenty persons, besides those buried in Batavia. Among those who died at sea were, Mr. Sporing, Mr. Parkinson (Mr. Banks's natural history painter), Mr. Green the astronomer, Mr. Monkhouse the midshipman, who saved the ship by sothering; the old sail maker, with three or four other petty officers; the rest marines and common seamen.
On the 13th of April, they began to prepare to leave the Cape; the sick were all ordered on board, several of whom were still in a very dangerous way. On the 14th, they weighed anchor and on the 1st of May arrived in the harbor of St. Helena, having lost their master, Mr. Molincux, in their passage.
Here they staid four days, wherein Mr. Banks, being greatly recovered, improved his time to the best advantage.
On the 4th of May they sailed from St. Helena, and on the 23d, they lost their first Lieut. Mr. Hicks. On the 10th of June they discovered the Lizard point, and on the 12th, passed Beachy head, and the same day anchored in the Downs.
Concluded