The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-12-10 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM... (PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 62.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 10, 1805.
[VOLUME 2.]
Richmond Prices Current.
Table with 4 columns: Item, D., C., D. C. Items include Tobacco, Flour, Indian Corn, Whiskey, Bacon, Hemp, Bar Iron.
ENOCH SULLIVAN,
SILVER, GOLDSMITH AND JEWELLER. RETURNS his grateful thanks to his friends and the public for the liberal encouragement afforded him in his line of business...
CHINA WARE, &c.
THE subscriber has just received a handsome assortment of China, Glass, and Liverpool Ware, amongst which are some elegant sets of Tea China...
YOUNG LADIES ACADEMY.
M. & Mrs. O'Reilly respectfully inform the inhabitants of Richmond, that they have opened an Academy on the Capitol Hill, adjoining Major Du Val's...
LAND AND OTHER PROPERTY FOR SALE.
ON Wednesday the 11th day of December 1805 will be exposed at public sale, to the highest bidder, upon a credit of one and two years...
PROPOSALS for raising Two Thousand Dollars, by subscription, within the county of King and Queen, Essex, Middlesex, King William, Westmoreland, Richmond, Lancaster, and Northumberland...
THE HIGHEST PRICE (IN CASH) WILL BE GIVEN AT THIS OFFICE FOR CLEAN LINEN & COTTON RAGS.
McCABE & WALKER, WATCH & CLOCK MAKERS,
At the corner house opposite Messrs. Gamble's Store Richmond. OFFER their services to the public. From strict attention to all commands...
FOR SALE,
THREE valuable Slaves, viz. a male and female house servant, and a gardener; their characters are unexceptionable.
NOTICE.—If Francis Lightfoot, a native of the county of New-Kent, and formerly a resident of the state of Virginia...
The Printers throughout the U.S. are requested to insert the above twice, in their respective papers, and transmit their accounts to the Editor of the Enquirer.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,
THAT the partnership between WILLIAM HART and CHARLES SOUTHGATE of this city, Grocers and Commission Merchants, was dissolved by mutual consent...
WILLIAM HART, CHARLES SOUTHGATE.
BEGS leave to return his sincere thanks to the numerous friends of the late firm of HART & SOUTHGATE, and to inform them that he continues the business at the same place...
EDUCATION.
CHARLES SOUTHGATE. RESPECTFULLY informs his friends, and others who may be interested in the event, that on Monday the 24th of December next...
GRAND LODGE OF VIRGINIA.
THE Grand Lodge of Virginia will meet in the Mason's Hall in this city, at 6 o'clock in the evening of Monday the 9th day of December next.
BANK OF VIRGINIA.
THE Stockholders are hereby notified, that the Annual Meeting for electing Directors, will be held on Monday the 6th January.
Power of Attorney for voting by proxy for Directors:
Know all men by these presents, That I of the county of Henrico, and State of Virginia, do hereby appoint to be full power and authority...
Power of Attorney for receiving Dividends:
Know all men by these presents, That I of the county of Henrico, and State of Virginia, do hereby constitute and appoint to be full power and authority...
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY.
DELINQUENT Shareholders, on the 8th requisition, are hereby notified, that such shares, on which the said requisition shall remain unpaid, will be sold on the 21st day of December next...
THE VIRGINIA ALMANACK, FOR 1806:
PRINTED FOR T. RITCHIE AND COOK & GRANT. LAND—containing A considerable variety of matter; Political, Agricultural, Medical and Miscellaneous.
NEIL M'COULL. HAS received, by the late arrivals from London and Liverpool, his usual supply of FALL & WINTER GOODS.
TO BE RENTED OR SOLD,
THAT Valuable Plantation called WINDSOR, situated on James River, about four miles above Richmond, containing by a late survey 777 acres.
At the same time and place,
WILL BE SOLD,—All the Stock of Cattle, Horses, Mules, Sheep, Hogs, &c., Plantation Utensils, Household and Kitchen Furniture...
Also will be Sold,
A valuable collection of LAW BOOKS, &c. &c. The Land is subject to the widows dower; if sold the terms of payment will be made known on the day of sale.
WILLIAM LANGEORNE,
Executor of Wm. Dandridge, dec'd.
WILL BE SOLD,
At Public Auction, at the Eagle Tavern, in the city of Richmond, on Monday the 6th day of January:
TWO LOTS in the fair city on Shockoe Hill, one of which is at present occupied by Doctor McClurg...
The terms of payment will be made known on the day of sale. Wm. LANGEORNE, Execr.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD.
RUNAWAY from the subscriber on the twenty-eighth, a negro man who calls himself TOM BUSH, has been a stage driver from Fredericksburg to Danville for several years...
PUBLIC SALE.
On Tuesday the 17th day of December next, will be offered for sale to the highest bidder, at the late dwelling house of Col. William Peachey, deceased, in Richmond county:
ALL the NEGROES belonging to said estate, consisting of Men, Women, Boys and Girls. The sale will commence at 11 o'clock, and terms of sale made known on the day of sale. JOHN NICHOLSON, adm'r.
For Freight or Charter, to Charles-ton, S. C. N. York, Boston, or the West-Indies:
THREE FRIENDS, Ebenezer Hawes, master; now lying at Letter's Upper Wharf, in complete order. Apply to the Captain on board, or to SHAPARD & LUCKE.
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY.
NOTICE is hereby given, That the Directors of the Manchester Turnpike, will attend at Robert Anderson's, in the county of Chesterfield, on the 20th instant...
AT A MEETING
Of the Trustees for the New Glasgow Academy, held in the town of New Glasgow, the 27th day of November, 1805: RESOLVED, That William S. Crawford, David S. Garland, James M. Brown, Edmund Penn and Hudson M. Garland, or any three of them, be appointed a committee to make engagements with any person as a Teacher of the Languages and the Modern Branches of the Mathematics...
G. GARLAND, Clerk.
A STRAY COW.
TAKEN UP, by John Roach, in the county of Charlotte, a Brindle Cow; she has a crop in her right ear, and a white spot over her right eye. Supposed to be about five or six years old. Applied to 12 dollars. JOHN ROACH.
Just Published, and for sale at the Enquirer Book-Store—"The Dictionary of Merchandise, and Nomenclature, in all Languages, for the use of Counting Houses." This is a valuable work. Also, a few copies of "The School for Reform, a Comedy, in five acts" by Thomas Morton, Esq.
Printing, IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ENQUIRER.
FROM THE BALANCE, PUBLISHED IN HUDSON, N.Y.
AMERICAN CAPTIVES IN TRIPOLI.
Extract from the Journal of Dr. Cowdery, kept during his captivity in Tripoli.
[CONTINUED.]
September 2. At about 4, P. M. our squadron commenced another attack on the town, in which eight of our gun-boats drove sixteen Tripolitan gun-boats under the battery on the east side of the harbour...
September 3.
Had been to see the prince in the country, and was returning about 10 o'clock in the evening, when the Basha and suit, when we saw a most extraordinary light or flash and heard a heavy report. We all wheeled about, and made for the place we had left; but the Basha soon altered his mind, and proceeded to town...
September 5.
The Turks found ten dead men near the place where the vessel blew up on the evening of the 3d inst. The Basha and his people held a thanksgiving to Mahomet on the occasion. Their ceremony was prayer in a doleful tone, and singing, accompanied with the sound of an instrument made by drawing a skin over a hoop.
September 6.
More men were found, three of which appeared to be officers. By permission, I took our boatmen and a gang of our men, and buried these bodies a little east of the wall of the town. All that I saw, who appeared to have been killed in the explosion, amounted to fourteen. The Basha's son-in-law told me that six more had been found drifted on the western shore; but I could not ascertain the truth of it.
September 7.
John McDonah died of a consumption with which he had long been ill.
September 9.
The Basha took me with him and his suite to his country seat, where we spent most of the day. About 5 o'clock, P. M. we went to see the great Marabaut (or Mahometan priest) in whom the Basha had great faith, and thought he could foretell events. It was said by the Turks, that he foretold the finding and capture of the Philadelphia; and that he got offended with the Basha and caused and foretold her being burnt. But I had seen nothing of these mysteries until a little previous to this. He now said, that our vessel's ship, the Constitution, would return to America; that the world either be blown up or run on shore; and that the Basha would have success in his warfare with America. It appeared that this great prophet was a sojourner; and that he only came to Tripoli when the Basha was in want of a prophet. He was encamped on the family desert, at a tomb of an ancient Marabaut. The tomb had a house over it, with several rooms, and was encircled with several green trees. It was about two miles back of the gardens. We found this great Marabaut standing on a large mat, which was spread on the sand under the shade of a large mulberry tree. About thirty of his attendants stood back of him, paraded in form of a crescent. I was ordered to pull off my hat; and we all approached him from the west, the Basha, with some of his most truly attendants in front. When we came near him we all dismounted. The Basha ran to him—kneeled before him—and kissed his hand. The Marabaut then sat down, and was followed by the Basha and his suite, forming a circle on the mat. During this time, I stood by my mule, about five rods from the scene, with my hat in my hand. I was soon called and ordered by the Basha to take off my shoes & feel the Marabaut's pulse. I left my shoes at the edge of the mat, or holy ground, and stepped on. I laid my hat on the edge of the mat in preference to lying it on the sand; but it was immediately taken off. I was then ordered to approach his holiness and kiss his hand. I felt his pulse; but before I had time to prefer for him, he put his hand against me, and gave me to understand that I must go off the holy ground. I immediately repped off—put on my shoes, took my hat, & went to my mule. The Basha called me back, and asked what I would do for the Marabaut. I recommended bleeding; but the Marabaut shook his head, and gave me to understand that he wanted nothing of the kind (the Dog). I was then told to withdraw, which I did, and took a walk round the tomb, which I found to be very ancient. The Basha spent about half an hour with the Marabaut when he killed his hand; and we all returned to the country palace. The Basha apologized for the impoliteness of the Marabaut, and said that they had a foolish antipathy to all but Mahometans.
October 22.
None of our cruizers were to be seen from the top of the castle. The Tripolitan gun-boats were armed, & the Basha's gunners were employed in drawing the charges from the cannon on the battery. Many of the guns now stood in the sand, as they did when the Basha's vessel attacked the town. On being fired two or three times, they recoiled into the sand so deep that they could not be worked, and were abandoned. The Basha told me, that if he had three frigates, he would blockade America. He said that he could do it as easily as a frigate and Schooner could blockade Tripoli.
October 26.
A great scarcity of grain. Our crew had no bread for three days. The Basha gave orders to all the market people, not to sell grain to any body but his household. There was no bread to be had for money. A dispute took place between the Basha and the renegade Lytle, about the purchasing of some barley. Lytle was considerably intoxicated, and insisted on his right to purchase grain in the market. The Basha was highly affronted, & flew at him with his might, struck him, and ordered his Mamelukes to disarm him and put him in prison, which they strove to obey, and carried him off. The Basha, however, soon ordered him released; and then ordered his servant who was supposed to be the cause of the quarrel, bastinadoed with five hundred blows, which was immediately put in execution.
November 9.
The Basha had an epileptic fit; and his people thought he was possessed with the devil. They performed many ceremonies to cast him out, which they said succeeded. The Turks said they saw many ghosts the night before; and that a Marabaut drove the devil out of the Basha.
December 6.
Our men suffer for the want of provisions. The Basha does not allow them allowance of bread, and that on the credit of their own country. They are beat unmercifully and compelled to work hard every day.
December 7.
I was informed, that, through the influence of many Turks, the Basha had given orders to Sarcy, our master, to treat the American prisoners with the utmost severity, in order to induce the United States the sooner to make peace. He was impatient for his money.
December 10.
Our men all agreed not to work unless they were fed; and accordingly they all refused. The warden whipped them until they were tired, and then went away to inform the Basha what had happened. The Basha immediately ordered them bread and oil, and they went to work.
December 21.
At evening, the Bey, eldest son to the Basha, was married to his first cousin, eldest daughter to the Basha who was driven out of Tripoli by the present Basha. The bride was said to be very handsome, and but 12 years old.
December 25.
The Basha's son-in-law, Selim, who had charge of the stores, was detected in selling a quantity of cornage to a Tunisian merchant. The Basha ordered him five hundred bastinadoes; but Selim fled to a Marabaut for protection, and escaped punishment.
January 24. Renegado Wilson, who pretended to be a great engineer, was ordered by the Basha to fire hot shot at a mark, but succeeded indifferently. The Basha, however, was highly pleased, gave Wilson eight dollars, and promised to reward him in proportion to his exertions in his future warfare. Wilson engaged to teach the Turks how to throw bombs, hot shot, and hand grenades; and to alter and improve the fortifications, &c.
January 25. The Basha sent me to visit the wife of Alla Mameluke. She was once a wife to the Basha, who gave her wife of the Emperor of Morocco—about eight years old, and very handsome. She was in child-bed travail, attended by a number of Jewish women. She was delivered of a son, her first child, to the great joy of all the Turks in the castle, yelling with clapping the hand to a drum from the mouth, by the women of the castle.
January 28.
The Basha was informed by Wilson, the renegado, that our crew were all armed, and about to rise upon the town. Search was made, and the report found to be false. But the Basha was much intimidated, and an additional guard was placed over us. (To be continued.)
European Intelligence.
BOSTON, Nov. 25.
By the ship Charles, Capt. Lewis, from Liverpool, arrived last evening, we received our London files to the 5th October, inclusive.
We have collected with care a compendium of the war preparations made and making, at our latest dates, in Austria, Russia and France. Under the head of each, the reader will find the situation, force, &c. of the armies. We have only to add, that the Austrian advanced troops near the Rhine were at Stockach; that the first division of the French army crossed the Rhine, on the 24th Sept. at Mayz, marched towards Weisbach Stingenlingen, and were to be at Offenburg on the 25th of that month. Eighty thousand conscripts were ordered to be raised in France. Sixty thousand of the Russians were expected to arrive on the Inn, the 4th October.
The files of this new war will be decorated with the following titled warriors; France has sent to the field, the Emperor Napoleon I. the favorite of victory; attended by Prince Louis, his brother; and Prince Murat, his brother-in-law; Austria sends her twice Emperor Francis II. accompanied by his gallant brothers the Archduke Charles and John, and by other branches of the Imperial Family; Russia also sends the Emperor Alexander I. attended by his brother Constantine. They are all young men; and several of them have been tried in action. Prussia was in motion—She had a large force ready for the fray; but was apparently "Waiting till conquest would decide." Which was the strongest, faith fide.
BRITISH CONVOY TAKEN.
Our last English papers report, that the French Rochefort squadron of five sail of the line, in lat. 49, long. 91, fell in with an English East-India fleet from St. Helena of four extra ships, and three whalers, convoyed by the Antelope, a whaler. The Haddock sloop of war fell in with the fleet during the action; and proceeded off Ushant to inform Lord Cornwallis of the news; as that squadron might be sent to intercept them. There were also fears that a part of the English West-India fleet, of 500 sail, from Tortola, had also been fallen in with by this squadron; but Capt. Lewis, from Liverpool, informs us, that Oct. 11, off Cape Clear he fell in with about 10 sail of English ships of war, and on the same evening with about 200.

fail of English merchantmen, supposed to be the homeward bound West-India fleet.
The following particulars of the War preparations, of Austria, Russia, France, &c. are collected, with some care, from various sources; and may be considered as correct as round numbers generally are.
Austrian War preparations. —The line of troops which Austria is said to have assembled, reaches from the borders of Hungary, on the S.E. to Switzerland on the W. with a front towards Italy extending nearly to the Adige; and towards the North to the circle of Bavaria; with a covering army in Bohemia. This position covers Vienna, and the centre of the Empire.
The troops composing this line, are said to exceed 200,000 men.—Of which, those in Stirz, Carinthia, Italy, Venice, Tyrol, near Wels, and Winterdorf, consist of 271 battalions of infantry, and fifty-one regiments and squadrons of cavalry, besides artillery, sharpshooters, &c. The French official account declares the Austrian force in Italy alone (including Tyrol) to be about 72,000.
These forces will be divided into two Grand Armies, one to act on the Rhine, and Danube; the other in the Italian States.
The army on the Rhine, &c. will be commanded by the Emperor Francis II. in person; with the veteran General Mack, for his second in command; and the Duke Ferdinand, and Prince Charles, of Schwarzenberg, commanding the wings.—The Emperor left Vienna the 10th Sept. to take the command of his army, which will consist of 190,000 men. The van of this army had advanced into Bavaria.
The army in Italy will be commanded by the celebrated Arch-Duke Charles; having his brother, the Arch-Duke John, for his second, and Prince John of Lichtenstein, for his third in command. The veteran General Bellegarde is with this army.
One of the armies of reserve is in Bohemia, and consists of 80,000 men.
Hungary was to furnish 50,000 men, and Hesse-Cassel had 36,000 on foot.
Two columns of the Austrian army, one commanded by the Arch-Duke Ferdinand, the other by Gen. Klenau, passed the river Inn, the 7th and 8th September; marching towards Donauwert and Munich, to take post on the Lech. These are about 35,000 strong.
The Bavarian forces retreated before these columns, towards Wurtzburg, in Franconia. When collected it is said they will exceed 40,000 men.
Russian War preparations. —The Russian Emperor, in his Declaration to the Court of Vienna (published lately) has avowed that he had sent two armies into Galicia, of 50,000 men each. Those armies, at the last dates, were making forced marches; and it was expected, by the middle of Oct. would form a junction with the Austrians.
A third army was said to have assembled near Wilna (formerly Poland) and was to be commanded by Alexander I. in person. The Russian Imperial Guards under the Grand Duke Constantine, (brother to the Emperor) were marching through Lithuania, for the Austrian states.
The veteran General Kutusoff, was at the head of one of the armies; Prince Panceration, and Baron Wintzengeroos, names of celebrity, accompany these troops.—Gen. Michelson commanded another army.
Troops from the Kuban, Siberia, and Kiow, will form bodies of reserve.—The regular troops of Russia exceed 500,000 men.
One of the Russian armies was at Brody in Galicia (about 300 miles from Vienna) the 20th August. The other was not far behind.
Thirty thousand Russians embarked at St. Petersburg, the 28th August, bound to Sweden. The Russian troops in the Ionian Islands exceed 30,000 and were daily augmenting by recruits from the Black Sea, which pass the channel of Constantinople without any hindrance. One division lately arrived, was commanded by Gen. Gerdue, a Frenchman, and a division of 12,000 was ready for embarkation at Odessa and Sebastopol. It is a fact, no less than 12,000 tons of transport shipping had been provided by Great Britain, and were at the disposal of the Russian Commander at Corfu. We have no doubt, the next news we have from this quarter, will be the transportation of these troops from the seven islands, to Anconia, or perhaps, Venice or Trieste.
French War preparations. —These preparations are on a large scale; and extend from Olantz, at the extremity of Italy, to Hanover, on the North of Germany.
The grand army, about the middle of Sept. was assembled on the banks of the Rhine; composed of 140,000 men, commanded by the Emperor Napoleon I. in person; assisted by his brother-in-law, Marshal Berthier, (Minister of war) Louis Bonaparte, Generals Oudinot and Marmont. The Emperor was at Strasburg the 10th of September.
The army in Italy is commanded by Marshal Massena, who arrived at Milan, his head quarters, the 7th Aug.—He has with him of name, Marshal Jourdan, and Gen. St. Cyr. This army, though stated at only 50,000 men, in Talleyrand's note was to be augmented to 120,000. A southern army of observation, was to assemble near the Pyrenees, under Marshal Augereau.
The grand French army of reserve has three head-quarters, Boulogne, Mayence, and Strasburg; Marshal Brune, commands at the first, Senator Marshal Lefebvre, at the second; and Senator Marshal Kellerman, at the third.
Three flying-camps of Grenadiers, will rendezvous at Rennes, Napoleon, and Alexandria, under three Brigadier-Generals.
PARIS, September 13. French account of the capture of the Blanch Frigate.
MINISTRY OF MARINE. P. Baudin, captain of a French frigate, member of the Legion of Honour, commanding a squadron of vessels of war, to his excellency Vice-Admiral Dumesnil, grand officer of the Legion of Honour, minister of marine and colonies:
On board his Imperial and Royal Majesty's frigate, La Topaze, in the Tagus, August 20, 1805.
Monsieur —I have the honour to inform you of my return from Martinique, having left that island with the corvettes Le Department des Landes, La Torche, and Le Fauve, which Admiral Villaret Joyeuse, captain-general, ordered to be placed under my command on the 18th of July last.
I have also the honour to inform your excellency, that I have taken, after a very brisk action, of about an hour and a quarter, the English frigate Blanche, carrying twenty-six 14 pounders, 14 carronades, and four 9 pounders. She was commanded by Zachariah Mudge, esq. from Jamaica, bound to Barbary.
I got under way from Port de France the 16th July. On the 18th at eight in the
morning, lat. 20, 22, long. 63, 20, W. from the meridian of Paris, I saw at three leagues distance, N. N. W. a large vessel, which I judged to be a frigate, running to the S. E. on the larboard tack. I tacked to the N. N. E. the wind at east blowing fresh, the sea rising, and the atmosphere cloudy. I then made no other change in my course: my little squadron kept together, consisting of the brig Le Fauve of 16 guns, six-pounders, commanded by lieu. Brunet; the corvette La Torche, of eighteen twelve pounders, lieut. Pechin; the corvette Le Department des Landes, of twenty 8 pounders, lieut. Desfoudils, and the frigate La Topaze, of twenty-eight 18 pounders, ten carronades, and six 8 pounders.
At thirty-six minutes past eight the frigate was about two leagues distant, going before the wind. I had Le Department des Landes on the starboard, Le Fauve to the larboard, and La Torche to the larboard of Le Fauve.
At forty minutes past nine I was on the starboard quarter of the enemy, and the action continued till 55 minutes past ten, when the English flag was struck, and La Topaze refounded with cries of 'Vive L' Empereur!'
At this moment Le Department des Landes was within cannon shot, La Torche a little to the starboard, Le Fauve in observation. Towards the end of the action Le Department des Landes fired eighteen guns, and La Torche three. The great inferiority of the corvettes prevented them from taking any other part in the business. They at least, however, served to hasten the surrender of the enemy.
[M. Baudin here praises in high terms a great number of the persons employed under him.]
"Mr. Mudge was second in command to captain Vancouver on his voyage to the north-west coast of America. Far be it from me to say any thing unfavourable of him; but I owe to truth, & to the glory of the brave men whom I have the honour to command, to assure your excellency that La Topaze singly captured the Blanche; she had 21 men killed in the action: I had only 18 killed. I was obliged to burn the frigate after taking out the crew."
I have the honour to be, with profound respect, Monsieur, your very humble and obedient servant. P. BAUDIN.
Another letter from M. Baudin, gives an account of his escape into the Tagus, after being chased by the Agamenmon of 64 guns, and after losing two of his squadron. He states La Topaze to have had a partial action with the Agamenmon, in which the former had three men wounded. He says also, that he addressed the crew, asking them whether, if they were forced to continue the action, they would board the Agamenmon? and that they all replied in the affirmative. The chase he states to have continued 40 hours.
Capt. Bowman of the Tippo Saib states, that in lat. 24, long. 55, he fell in with the ship John, from Charleston, bound to Bristol, the captain of which informed him, that a few days before, he was boarded by a French frigate, and told that they were one of a fleet, bound to effect a landing in Ireland.
Savannah pap.
BOSTON, November 27. INTERESTING FOREIGN EXTRACTS. (From our English and French files.)
Nearly 10,000,000 of dollars in specie, has been shipped in England, to the continent, for the use of the allied powers—to be divided with Austria, Russia, Sweden, and perhaps, Naples and Bavaria. It has been transmitted principally in ships of war, and been insured at Lloyd's against all risks, at from one-half to half per cent.
Several attempts have been made about the beginning of Oct. by the boats of St. Nazaire, and St. Malo, to burn or destroy the French flotilla in Boulogne, with carcasses, &c.—But with little loss and less effect.
PARIS, September 24, 1805. His majesty, the emperor, arrived here this day. The prefect presented to his majesty the keys of the city and the following address:—
"SIR, "Here are the keys of Paris, of the capital of your empire, of that city you have made the first in the world."
"In offering you that ancient symbol of the submission and the devotion of the city, we cannot dissemble, fire, that joy, that delicious sentiment which always signals the arrival of your majesty within the capitol, is united this day with more grave emotions."
"The announcement of an Imperial sitting of the Senate, the rumours which have preceded that intelligence, those that have followed it, some circumstances that are known, others that are said to be unknown—in a word, every thing that is known or supposed, for some days has thrown the public mind into a kind of agitation, which demands only a word to become the most generous and national impulse."
"That word, fire, we expect, and the immense crowd that is about to follow you is impatient to learn what impulse will be admitted, or what measure shall be prescribed to their indignation and their zeal."
"God forbid, fire, that we should seek to predict the designs of your high wisdom, or the conceptions of that great genius which has every where made you master of times, places and events; but if it be true, as has been reported, that your person has been attempted, and the independence of the nation, our liberties and constitution menaced, command the defence to be proportioned to the interest of such a cause; and if it be necessary to march, believe that every thing will be soon ready to follow you, serve you, and avenge you."
"Such, fire, are the sentiments of your good city of Paris." This address, delivered when the emperor was going in procession to the Senate, smells of conspiracy discovered against the person of his majesty.
By an imperial decree, the conscripts of reserve, of the years 9, 10, 11, 12 and 12 and 13, are placed in immediate requisition.
BERLIN, Sept. 21.
A grand council of state has been held at the palace. Since which every thing seems to announce great events. The army is put on the war footing: Our garrison is ordered to be in readiness to march in four days; and a great quantity of artillery has already been sent to Magdeburg and Grandenz. So extraordinary an activity has not been observed for many years.
FRANKFORT, Sept. 17. Previous to the Austrian troops passing the Inn, the commandant assured the elector of Bavaria that he should respect the electoral, military and civil authorities.
LOWER RHINE, Sept. 21. The emperor of Russia has addressed the following note to a Russian Charge des affaires, to the several courts of Germany:
"As his majesty the emperor of Russia wishes to know the sentiments of each of the German princes, in the present circumstances, he enquires by these presents, what part your highness intends to take, in the event of war between France and the emperor of Austria? If no decisive answer be returned to this enquiry, the imperial majesty will consider it as if your highness had taken the part of the French, and will treat your country accordingly, &c."
NORFOLK, December 4. Just as our paper was putting on press, Captain McKinley, of the ship Leonidas, from Liverpool, favoured us with a paper of the 9th October. The Prussians had taken possession of Hanover, and the blockade of Hamburg was expected to be raised immediately. The French on evacuating Cuxhaven, destroyed the batteries. The king of Prussia had forbidden the exportation of grain from his dominions.—American fine flour on the 8th, 52 a 54s. sterling. Extracts in our next.
By advices from India, it appears that two actions between the English forces and the Mahrattas—large bodies of native troops in the English service, at the commencement of the battle, went over to the Mahrattas, in a body!—It was by this means of detaching large bodies of troops by bribes to the leaders, that the English first accomplished the ruin of Sujah Dowlah. Tippoo Sultan was conquered by the same means; Rumney Uddow, the captain general of Tippoo's cavalry, and one of the most skillful cavalry officers in Asia, is now a jugheedar under the English government.
NEW-YORK.
Capt. Conner, from Madeira, informs, that a British fleet of 100 sail, 10 of which were line of battle ships transports and merchantmen, with 20,000 troops on board, destined as was supposed for the Cape of Good Hope, left Madeira (where they stopped 3 days) about a week before the Enterprise.
A letter has been received by a merchant in this city from his correspondent in St. Thomas, dated Oct. 22d. which mentions that the British have raised the blockade of Curacoa. A gentleman, who arrived here a few days ago from St. Thomas, confirms the above intelligence, which he received on his passage from Captain Vaughan, of the British frigate Snake, by whom his vessel was boarded the 11th of November.
Capt. Taylor, of the Schooner Union from Ayamonte (Spain) informs that just before he failed, letters were received from Cadiz, mentioning, that the combined French and Spanish fleet, consisting of 45 ships of the line, and frigates, were ordered to be laid up for the winter: and that they had proceeded 8 or 16 miles above Cadiz, and were preparing to moor.—The French had landed 10,000 men at Cadiz, and taken possession of the forts.
An English fleet, of 20 sail of the line, and frigates, were then at Cadiz, and a reinforcement hourly expected.—These ships daily presented themselves in full view of Cadiz, and several of them failed within gun shot of the town.
The Markets at Cadiz, were much glutted with all kinds of American produce. All the ware-houses, and many dwelling houses, at Ayamonte, were filled with wheat, flour, bread and salted provisions, which were brought there from France for the King of Spain. The nominal price of flour at Cadiz was 13 1-2 dollars per barrel; but no ready sales could be procured for any articles whatever. The Merchants and inhabitants of Cadiz were thrown into much embarrassment and distress by a total stagnation of business, and scarcity of money. Such was the scarcity of specie at Madrid, that the King had ordered paper money to be issued and made a legal tender for all debts payable in that city. He had also directed the Notaries not to protest Bills of Exchange which should be payable after the paper medium should be issued—thus the holders of Bills of Exchange would be compelled to receive the amount in paper. The Merchants of Cadiz were seriously apprehensive that the paper currency system would be enforced also in that city, and throughout the kingdom.
Domestic Intelligence.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 28.
DINNER TO GEN. EATON.
On Monday a number of citizens of Washington met at St. Luke's Hotel agreeably to public notification, for the purpose of making arrangements for giving Gen. Eaton a dinner; when the following citizens were chosen a committee of arrangement: Robert Brent, John Taylor, William Simmons, Daniel Carroll, Franklin Wharton, Thomas Monroe, William Brent, Elias B. Caldwell, Samuel H. Smith.
On the ensuing day the committee having met, addressed the following letter to gen. Eaton:
"SIR, In the name of the citizens of Washington we have the honor of inviting you to an entertainment which they propose to give on Thursday next; in commemoration of the glorious successes of the American arms in Tripoli; and, under a lively sense of gratitude for your own gallantry and heroism on that occasion."
To which gen. Eaton returned the following answer:
"SIR, I am deeply impressed with the honorable and very flattering manner in which the citizens of Washington are pleased to express their approbation of my endeavors to serve my country in the late operations against Tripoli; and shall feel myself happy in commemorating with them, on Thursday next, the favorable events which have resulted from the energy of our country in resisting the futile influence of Barbary."
WILLIAM EATON.
Nov. 26.
Col. John Taylor.
The necessary arrangements having been made, a large and respectable company assembled and sat down to an elegant dinner at 7 o'clock. Col. TAYLOR presiding, supported by Mr. Simmons, col. Wharton, capt. Brent and Mr. Caldwell, as vice presidents. At the commencement of the entertainment gen. Eaton was introduced and conducted to the right of the chair by one of the vice-presidents. The accommodation of the company, as well in regard to the goodness of the repast as the composure of the room and distribution of seats, reflect great credit on Mr. St. L. The room is very spacious, and much superior to any one heretofore used on public occasions, & was happily embellished by the brilliant chandeliers and numerous lights distributed through it. After dinner the following toasts, each accompanied by an appropriate piece of music, were drank, amidst the applause of the company.
1. The people of the United States; honest, intelligent, and brave. Too happy themselves to disturb the happiness of others. 2. The President of the United States. The millions whose suffrages have raised him to power find their reward in the unrivalled prosperity of their country. 3. The Congress of the United States. The depositaries of national confidence, may they be the organs of national spirit. 4. Our country. Desirous of peace, but neither afraid nor unprepared for war. 5. American principles; which have never cost virtue a blush, or innocence a tear. 6. The American navy; in virtue and valor unsurpassed and unparallelable. 7. American honour, which, whether debased by injustice, nor insulted by pride, shunning the degeneracy of modern times, burns with the pure lustre of antiquity. 8. The American flag. May it command respect in every sea. 9. Washington and Franklin. May the grand
10. The spirit of a free people. Let the influence of foreign powers beware of awakening it. 11. Preble—his country's praise, the brave man's glory. 12. The States of Barbary. May the lessons they have recently received teach them that honesty is the best policy. 13. Our late captive countrymen. Who courted glory in the midst of danger, and preserved fortitude in the midst of suffering. 14. The Plough. May those who follow it, by reaping themselves teach others to respect them. 15. Commerce and Manufactures. May the unrestrained freedom of the sea expand the one, and the spirit of industry invigorate the other. 16. Learning without pedantry, and genius without pride, the surest passports to the respect of a free people. 17. The army and militia of the United States. Ready at a moment's warning to maintain the rights and avenge the wrongs of their country. 18. The district of Columbia; advancing, with steady step, in prosperity and numbers.
VOLUNTEERS.
On General EATON'S retiring.
By the President. GENERAL EATON—whose heroism supplied the place of legions, in routing the mercenary bands, and appalling the corrupt councils of Tripoli.
By the first Vice-President, Commodore BURN, a speedy restoration of health to our gallant countryman.
Gen. Eaton having returned, gave the following volunteer:
THE FEDERAL UNION —Let political contention and individual rancour be absorbed in that love of country which shall teach violence and rapacity that we are one!
By the second Vice-President.—The brave Decatur.
By the third Vice-President.—The young heroes, O'Bannon and Mann.
By the fourth Vice-President.—Capt. Isaac Hull, brave, good, and patient.
To these toasts succeeded a number of patriotic volunteers, interspersed with songs and instrumental music. During the entertainment the spirits of the company were highly exhilarated by the spirited performance of the marine and Italian bands of music. About 8 o'clock the President retired, to whom it is but justice to say that he discharged the duties of the chair with spirit, dignity, and impartiality, which richly entitled him to the volunteer given on his retiring. Throughout the whole entertainment there reigned the highest conviviality and utmost harmony.
CONGRESS.
Monday, December 3.
On motion of Mr. Thomas, Resolved, that the rules and orders of the late House be considered as those of the present House until altered or revised.
On motion of Mr. Varnum, the House proceeded to ballot for a sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, Solomon Meyer and Richard Stuart having been previously nominated.
The ballots having been counted, it appeared that of 108 ballots given, Joseph Wheaton had 87 votes, and was consequently duly elected Sergeant at Arms.
Mr. Dawson moved the following resolution.
Resolved, That Thomas Claxton be appointed Door-keeper, and Thomas Dunn Assistant Door-keeper, and that they give their attendance accordingly; which resolution was agreed to, nomine contradicente .
Mr. Dawson moved that 300 copies of the rules and regulations of the late House be printed for the use of the members.
Mr. Leib suggested the propriety, instead of acceding to his motion, of appointing a committee to draw up a set of rules.
The question was taken on the resolution offered by Mr. Dawson, which was disagreed to—Ayes 33—Noes 35.
Mr. Leib moved a resolution for the appointment of a committee to prepare and report standing rules of proceeding to be observed in this House; which was agreed to, and a committee of five appointed.
On motion of Mr. Nicholson,
Resolved, That a Committee of Ways and Means be appointed agreeably to the standing rules and orders of the House—Ayes 86.
On motion of Mr. Leib, a committee of Commerce and Manufactures was appointed.
On motion of Mr. Southard, a Committee of elections was appointed.
On motion of Mr. Nicholson, a Committee of Claims was appointed.
On motion of Mr. Thomas, a Committee of Revival and Unfinished Business was appointed.
On motion of Mr. Conrad, a Committee of Accounts was appointed.
On motion of Mr. Newton, it was resolved that the standing hour of meeting be 11 A. M. until otherwise ordered—Ayes 81.
The Speaker laid before the House a letter from the Clerk representing the measures taken by him in execution of the order of the House of Feb. 28, 1805, relative to the supply of Printing and Stationery for the House; by which it appears that proposals for Printing had been received, from A. and G. Way, Solomon Meyer, R. Dismore; from Bonson and Fulton for paper; and from Edgar Patterson for the Stationery; and that contracts had been made with A. and G. Way for the Printing, and with Edgar Patterson for the Stationery.
Referred to the Committee of Accounts.
On motion of Mr. Thomas a committee consisting of seventeen members was appointed to enquire and report whether any and what alterations are requisite in the acts relative to post-offices and post-roads.
On motion of Mr. Newton resolved that the Clerk cause the members to be furnished with three newspapers; or with newspapers not exceeding in price three daily papers.
We are informed by the Post-Rider from Clarkeburg, that Clemmons, who murdered his wife and children near that town, resigned himself into the hands of justice on Tuesday the 19th ult. (Winchester Gazette.)
THE subscriber respectfully informs the public, that the STAGE from Richmond to Charlottesville, during the Winter Establishment, will leave the Bell Tavern on a Tuesday at one o'clock, P. M. and arrive at Charlottesville every Thursday at one o'clock. Returning—Leave Charlottesville every Saturday at 11 o'clock, and arrive at Richmond every Monday at 12 o'clock.
There is a line of Stages from Charlottesville to Staunton, from thence to Lexington, and from thence to Abingdon.
RICHARD TERREL.
December 10. No. 5
Sales at Auction.
Will positively be sold at Auction, for cash, on Wednesday the 18th instant, Likely Negro MAN, who is a very good Boot and Shoe-Maker. TAYLOR & BROWN. December 10. ep3t
Sales at Auction.
On Saturday the 21st inst. will be sold at Auction on the premises, if not previously disposed of at private sale, THE LOT on Shockoe Hill lately occupied by Isaac Rawlings, immediately opposite to Mrs. Page's, on which there is a brick house with necessary out-houses. Terms—One third cash, and the remainder in 6 & 12 months; to secure the payment of which, a deed of trust upon the property will be required. TAYLOR & BROWN. December 10. ep3t
PRIVATE ACADEMY.
DOCTOR HALLER will open his Seminary in Richmond, on the first day of January, 1806.—His course of instruction will commence every morning (Sundays excepted), at 9 o'clock, and continue till one; and from 3 till 5 o'clock in the afternoon. These are the hours appointed for public tuition, which will comprehend the following branches of learning, viz: Latin, Greek, English Syntax, Rhetoric, Rudiments of Trade, Composition, Arithmetic, Book Keeping, Geography, Civil and Natural History, Hebrew, Mythology, Morality, and those branches of Mathematics which are most applicable to real life. Also Philosophy, Logic, Fine Arts, & Metaphysics. Practical Philosophy which comprehends Political Economy, &c. These branches of learning shall be taught systematically to the respective classes. The charge for his public tuition will be 15 dollars per quarter; besides five dollars entrance money for each scholar, who must be entered on or before the first day of January next, as during the ensuing course of study, which will last for several months, no scholar will be admitted into this institution, on account of the invariable arrangement, which Dr. H. is to confirm previously to the actual number of his pupils, not only in engaging a proportionate number of assisting teachers, but also in adjusting to each class a correlative course of study—which might become abortive by admitting new members in the intermediate course of his instruction. The following branches of learning will be taught only at particular days, and at those hours which are not included above. An extra charge will be made for such private tuition. For the Lectures on Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, with experiments and the use of the philosophical apparatus, 20 dollars per quarter, each scholar. For teaching the French language, 10 dollars per quarter. Italian 15 do. Spanish 16 do. Only children of parents residing in Richmond, will be admitted as Day Scholars; all others, whose parents reside at any distance, must live in the buildings of this institution. His charge for Boarding, Lodging, Candle and Fire, (the fees for tuition not included), will be 10 dollars per quarter, to be paid in advance, as customary in all institutions of this nature. Each boarder must furnish himself with his own bed. But any person without entering into this institution in the quality of a regular student, may at any time be permitted to join a class in the private tuition, for the purpose of learning any particular branch of science or language, in which the class shall be at private hours engaged; Provided, the respective fees be paid in advance. Dr. H. Haller's plan of education and discipline is left for the inspection of the respective parents and guardians, with the Editor of the Enquirer. Richmond, Dec. 10. TSS 1f
TO NON-RESIDENTS OF KENTUCKY.
THE SUBSCRIBER living in the neighborhood of Frankfort, Kentucky, having undertaken to pay the taxes of a number of gentlemen residing in Virginia and elsewhere, on their lands in this state, and finding that the remitting of money to him for that purpose is attended with great difficulties, risk and trouble, proposes it to those gentlemen and any others who may find it an accommodation to them, the following plan, to wit: That they shall deposit their money in either of the banks of Richmond, Alexandria, George Town or Baltimore, on or before the first day of May annually, and authorize some person at those several banks to advise him by post of the amount, and to whose credit it shall be applied,

APPOINTMENT OF A JUDGE OF THE GENERAL COURT.
The reader will recollect that there were three candidates, Mr. C. Taylor, Mr. Hugh Holmes of Frederick, and Mr. A. Smyth of Wythe. During the course of the discussion, different arguments were offered upon them; but there was only one principle which was common to all, and that is the principle of local interest. It was contended by the members from the western district of Virginia, that every portion of the state should have a share in the administration of the government; and that in the appointment to the general court, it was peculiarly necessary from the very nature of the state, that the judges should be selected from the western district of the state. "Judges of the general court (said they) grant writs of habeas corpus, certify the important writ of habeas corpus, &c. But if a line is drawn across the state, touching the places of residence of Judge Stuart and Judge Winton, one third part of the state lies west thereof. Lee Court house is 300 hundred miles from the residence of a judge. This principle was enforced throughout the discussion, and it is no doubt had its influence on the decision of the house. On the first ballot Mr. Holmes had 77, Mr. Taylor 67, and Mr. Smyth 44 votes. Mr. Smyth being out of the running, the second ballot gave Mr. Holmes 100 and Mr. Taylor 87 votes. The fame seats which had contributed to the support of Mr. Smyth and Mr. Holmes on the first ballot, was no doubt instrumental on the second ballot in giving to Mr. Holmes many of the votes of Mr. Smyth.
ELECTION OF GOVERNOR.
The appointment of the chief magistrate of the commonwealth has led to opinions, that are worthy of notice. It has been evincingly said by the federalists, and the opinion has been slightly advocated by some of the republicans, that the election of W. H. Cabell is a federal triumph; that some of the republicans who supported him, are abandoning their former honorable principles; that a schism is arising in the republican party; and that the time is not far distant, when Virginia like the agitated state of Pennsylvania, shall exhibit a moderate, timid and treacherous party. Those suspicions deserve to be known by the people; but they deserve to be contradicted. It is true, that Mr. Cabell, though he is elected by the legislature, is not elected by a majority of its republican members. Of the 28 or 30 members, who are said to constitute the federal force of the legislature, scarcely more than 5 voted for Alexander M'Rae. Let this number then be deducted from Mr. M'Rae's ballot, and the remaining 23 from Mr. Cabell's, and it is true that it will leave the former a majority of 10 republican votes over the latter.
It is true also, that many of the federalists of this city have expressed an unexpected exultation on the election of Mr. Cabell. "We are rising (say they) once more to a political ascendancy. Let us be prudent, and victory may once more adorn the brow of federalism." Will the republicans realize their romantic calculations? Will they condescend either by a lamentable interperance in the assertion of their opinions, or by a humble, torpid, and ceccherous moderation, to aaken the exploring hopes of their adversaries, disgrace their honorable victories, and once more bring into peril the acquisitions which they have made? The conduct, the professions, and the candor of Mr. Cabell, are an earnest of his devoted attachment to the republican interest. We do not believe therefore that the election of Mr. Cabell is a federal measure. A republican in her and in principle, his administration must be guided by the same patriotic spirit. Let the federalists; let the time-serving republicans exult; let them attempt to divide men upon principle heads together; most shall be their day, and durable their disappointment.
We have thus briefly stated our own solemn convictions on the result of this election. The events of the last week, and the speculations which have been advanced by others, have indeed excited our vigilance but very slightly our fears. It is our duty to reserve judgment until some fundamental principle is brought before the legislature to test the temper of its members. But let the people rest satisfied, that the Editor is not now slumbering at his post, and that republican preachers be dare to set his foot in the republican camp, he will not be the last to announce the danger.
On Friday, Mr. Semple supported the nomination of Mr. M'Rae.
On the same day Mr. Smyth nominated Mr. Wm. H. Cabell of Amherst.
On Saturday, the appointment was announced, when Mr. Harvie arose and delivered himself as follows:
Mr. SPEAKER—Permit me to solicit your attention.
The interests of the people whom we have the honor to represent, a full regard to our own reputations, and the expectations of our fellow citizens, who look forward to the event with anxiety, impose on us an awful responsibility in appointing the first magistrate of the commonwealth. Except at that portentous period when our predecessors declared the liberties of their country endangered, there never has occurred a stronger necessity for bestowing our suffrages on a man whose soul is devoted to the public good. Clouds have gathered in the political horizon; the black volumes are fraught with fury; and unless public virtue shall discern their fury, the temple of our faith may be crumbled into a thousand discordant, mutilated fragments. The genuine principles of '98 have ceased to command universal respect. There is a spurious republicanism gone abroad which purchases conciliation at the expence of liberty. The opponents of this system are assailed by weapons more forcible than discussion; in reply to arguments which are addressed to the understanding, they are assailed with the yell against Jacobinism. No longer is an ardent zeal to preserve the rights of man universally considered the most perfect quality of a republican. If he aspires to the approbation of that faction party who prefer harmony to manly independence, his fervor must be tranquilized by the spirit of moderation. There is not a word in the English language susceptible of more perversions in one definition it is the noblest trait which adorns the character of man. If it be understood to express a forbearance to injure those whom fortune may have placed in her power, it is a heavenly virtue; and in this sense I am bold to assert, that it is possessed by those gentlemen who have been denounced for the absence of the quality in as eminent a degree as it ever graced. I have any knowledge of the emotions of my soul (and calumny has peculiarly anathematized me for violence of party spirit) it would revolt with an excessive indignation at an act of tyranny committed on a federalist, as though he had offered up his votes on the altars of republicanism. In the politics of humanity we have a common interest which my voice shall ever be heard to defend, unallied by the party of the oppressed or the oppressor. But if moderation be construed to require of us to neutralize our attachment to those divine principles which the god of nature has stamped with the indelible seal of truth, then it ceases to be a virtue. It is urged that there is with some gentlemen a disposition to go too far in support of their opinions; but I must avow that my mind is incapable of discerning, that devotion to a praiseworthy object can be car-
ried to an improper extent. Scarcely any of the highest enjoyments to the ardent with which the human mind attaches itself to favorite pursuits. Newton did not explore those mysterious law which bend the "reluctant planets to absolute the fated rounds of time," by a moderate love of science. Milton did not soar on angel wings to heaven to describe in sublime strains the throne of the eternal, by a moderate inspiration of poetic genius. Nor was it the spirit of moderation which electrified those fainting patriots, who in defiance of a tyrant's torturing scourge, effected the ever memorable revolution which caused the daystar of American freedom to rise from retiring clouds, to irradiate this western hemisphere with the blaze of its ascendant glory.
Liberty is the best gift of the deity to man; and to realize this highest attribute of his being, is a passion which must draw down the approving smile of heaven. Let the empiric statesman deprecate its violence; every pulsation of my frame throbs in adoration of that power which emancipated my country from the degrading thralldom of British domination. Republicanism is not a narrow unmeaning attachment to any description of men struggling for office; it is an expanded sentiment which consults the happiness of mankind; it embraces the universe. It is the glory of Virginia to have maintained its worship unspotted; the sacred fire was preferred unextinguished in the darkest period of the republic; let us not dim its pure and brilliant flame in happier times. If we permit the clamours which have been raised against an imaginary Robespierian party, to effect our decisions, the friends of genuine freedom will in truth despair.
It is with pleasure, I express my conviction, that Mr. Cabell is unquestionably entitled to the esteem of his fellow-citizens; his republicanism I believe no man ever doubted, and his integrity in private life is as free from imputation as his public character is unexceptionable. He is an honorable man, whose unspotted reputation justifies the encomiums which have been bestowed on him. His fair and unblemished fame affords irrefragable evidence of the purity of the motives of the gentleman who placed him in nomination; I express with pleasure my belief that he has been actuated by no other impulse than the love of his country. Under ordinary circumstances, this house could not err in selecting this gentleman to occupy the station of Governor.
But highly, Sir, as I estimate the personal merits of this amiable gentleman, when the envenomed proferions which have been hurled against those men who desired to maintain a republican ascendancy in our public institutions, are called to recollection, it appears to me that a heaven-commissioned hand is seen to write on the wall the name of Alexander M'Rae. At the found of that name, Aristocracy rears its Medusa head to turn to stone the man who shall speak its praise. It is a name hateful to the enemies of freedom; for it deferses that fervent patriotism which, through every vicissitude of human affairs, holds its onward course to achieve a nation's happiness. To eulogize this gentleman, I must pronounce a panegyric on republicanism. It is the vital spark which animates his existence; it gives a complexion to every action of his life, for it has a local habitation in his most soul. From the moment that opposite parties divided the United States, he assumed a commanding station in opposition to those measures which excited the hostility of Virginia. On the floor of this house, his voice was raised against that fatal treaty with Britain, which may justly be considered the source of those injuries which that profligate nation unceasingly inflicts on our commerce. The suffrage of the Legislature, which beheld him an ornament to his country, elevated him to the Executive Council; and in that situation he has never lost sight of the principles which conferred on him the appointment. It is this quality which should endear him to our affections; we know that when elevated to office, he does not desert the people. Those attractions which have caused planets of no vulgar name to "dazzle from their spheres," have not affected his evolution in the orbit of republicanism. Ages past preferred the black broth of Sparta to the sumptuous banquet of the King of Persia prepared with oriental magnificence, and my honorable friend has disdained to purchase admittance to fashionable houses by a fashionable acquiescence in the most wanton abuse of this respectable body, and the principles they profess to revere.
Sir, the paths of democracy have not been strewed with roses in the city I have the honour to represent. Those of its votaries who have not offered up an ambiguous, feeble, unoffending, moderate homage to its principles, have in the language of sober reality, known those times which tried men's souls. I will not dwell on those scenes; but it ought not to be forgotten, that undismayed by menaces, uncorrupted by allurements, Alexander M'Rae was found firm at his post, the intrepid advocate of the rights of the people. If proof is required of his political virtue, I will refer you to an unerring test; you will hear his denunciation from every man who does not love liberty. It has been his fate to encounter an opposition at which the "eyes of eagles" might have blenched. His inflexible adherence to republican principles marked him as the most propitiatory sacrifice which could be offered up to the mild spirit of moderation.
The ancient aristocracy of our country have been most loud in deprecating his elevation to this dignified office. Their hopes will have fallen into the fear, the yellow leaf, when it shall be established that a man who boasts no splendid line of ancestry may rise by merit to obtain the highest honors of the state. They exclaim that the station of the candidates should govern the appointment. Under despotic governments family affords the only passport to meretricious favours; but in a free country there should be no faction but that which virtue creates. My friend owes whatever estimation he may possess to his own eminent endowments; like Cicero he has risen by the services he has rendered to his country. Let the men of Patrician rank affect to despise his pretensions; it is a plebeian suffrage alone he solicits. If their votes should call him to the government, his administration will be the happiest illustration of the wisdom of the selection. Nature has conferred on him those superior talents which but rarely fall to the lot of man; and it has happily mingled in the composition, that benign philanthropy which derives its most exquisite delight from promoting the well-being of the human race. I will not trust myself to describe the qualities of his heart. On this subject I fear to give utterance to those emotions which swell within my breast; my language would appear to those who are less intimately acquainted with him, to be coloured beyond the life; for to express my sentiments, I must say there is no fault.
When I hear a censure passed on this man, I think of the ostracism of Aristides. Let us not imitate the ingratitude of Athens. The genius of Virginia hovers over us in awful solicitude to contemplate the fate of her favorite son, an whole monument her recording pen shall inscribe "Admirable patriot," it were as easy to have turned the sun from its course in the heavens, as thee from the path of republicanism.
* Mr. Smyth (of Wythe) had alone ip... nomination of Mr. Cabell.
by a lingering disease. I have felt in no ordinary degree my incompetency to address this honorable house; but painful as the exertion has been, my conscience would not have acquitted me, had I failed to express my most solemn conviction, that by conferring the office of chief magistrate of the commonwealth on Alexander M'Rae, we shall promote the happiness of the people whom we have the honour to represent.
Mr. MERCER—It is with considerable diffidence, that I can prevail upon myself to deliver my opinion upon any question which is the subject of the deliberations of this house. But upon one so important and momentous as that which at present engages its attention, I should not obey the impulse of my feelings were I to content myself with a silent vote.
Mr. William H. Cabell, was on yesterday, it is recollected, brought to the view of the house, as a gentleman worthy and well qualified to be the successor of the venerable patriot Mr. Page. Permit me, Sir, to express my approbation of a character, whose pretensions are founded upon a reputation the most unspotted and untarnished, and whose republican principles, have been tried within these walls, and in those times, the most eventful which our republic has ever witnessed. Mr. Cabell was bred in the schools of William and Mary, where those talents were nurtured and matured, which amply fit him for the dignified station of governor of Virginia.
I hope, Sir, that gentleman will upon this occasion have a majority of votes, and the house thereby bestow upon modest merit, the reward to which it is so justly entitled.
GEN. MINOR—It was not my intention to have spoken on this subject, but as many gentlemen have expressed their sentiments relative to the two very respectable characters who have been named as Candidates for the governor's chair, I will solicit the attention of the house for a few minutes, whilst I express my predilection for the gentleman who was, yesterday, so handsomely presented to the view of the House by the gentleman from Wythe.
It has been my fortune, Mr. Speaker, and I consider it as ill fortune, to have been acquainted with this gentleman but for a few years. It requires, however, no long time to become acquainted with him; a little conversation will satisfy any one that he is the gentleman, the scholar, and the man of virtue and talents; I can go further, Mr. Speaker, and say with truth, that he carries the evidence of his worth constantly about him; in his manly front, you may always see it; his foul looks through every feature of his face, with all the confidence of conscious virtue.
If further evidence be required, listen to the voice of fame, who, though not always just to merit, makes an exception in this instance, for her general conduct, and joins in praise of William H. Cabell. When patriotism is talked of who stands higher than William H. Cabell? when virtue and talents are the theme, who is preferred to him? If this will not satisfy gentlemen, and further proof is still required; go to the neighbourhood in which he was born and has been bred, where if he has faults they are sure to be known, where envy looks with microscopic eyes for the smallest specks on the character, and if discovered, exhibits them to public view magnified & discoloured. There, I am informed Mr. Speaker, from good authority, this gentleman is made the standard of moral excellence, and that men, when they would speak highly of an individual, after exalting all the terms of praise which the English language will afford, caps the climax by saying, "he is almost as good as William H. Cabell."
Mr. HILL (of Greenville)—Mr. Speaker, As gentlemen are indulging themselves in the flights of fancy, and decorating worthy characters with pantheistic flowers, I trust, that in offering a few observations to this honorable house, I shall not be deemed officious. I have known Mr. M'Rae for twenty years; during which time there has been no act of his life, which has made me recoil from a desire to be more intimately acquainted with him. To a native strength of mind Mr. M'Rae has added a fine classical education, an extensive knowledge of history, geography, polite literature and the belles letters. For many years he has sat at the council-board of state; there his attention has been prompt, active, and unwearied—the energy of his mind animated his services, and enabled him to render many valuable blessings to the republic. To the honor of Mr. M'Rae, and of human nature be it spoken, that he has not out-grown the condition in which the legislature has placed him. He has not become proud, and supercilious because he has been elevated and honored—but at all times, and in all places, his deportment has been open, free, and accessible, without partiality or undue respect to petitions. In his more public view Mr. M'Rae has exhibited the politician, the statesman, the lawyer, the orator and the polite gentleman. When the spirit of Aristocratic faction intemperately erected its brazen front, the exertions and ardor of Mr. M'Rae's republican principles, resisted its advanced column, and defeated the diabolical hydra. This was a time when the souls of men were tried. In this severe conflict Mr. M'Rae was conqueror; but he never mingled either cruelty or persecution with his noble triumphs. When the embers of monarchic principle were working with dark intrigue against the welfare of the state, Mr. M'Rae was always at his post; firm as the rock of ages; unshaken as the pillar of truth. In regard to individual opinions, I suppose that Mr. M'Rae has his enemies; his exalted station, his qualifications and his perceptions, are sufficient to create hostility from the envious, the malevolent, and the guilty. Were this a tribunal of legal inquiry, Mr. M'Rae would invite every charge which malignity could possibly bring against him, tho' fraught with deep-loaded enmity and sharpened with the serpent's forked tongue. In this vaulted hall, sacred to Republicanism and to virtue, I behold the bright gaddles of liberty suspended over the deliberations of this important crisis. In this solemn place, Mr. M'Rae as a candidate for the first magistracy of the commonwealth, presents his offerings. In this great council of the people he appears with conscious virtue and integrity, ready to join in all the issues of the moment, and with full hope, puts himself upon his country.
Mr. MILLER (of Powhatan).
After the splendid observations which have fallen from gentlemen in support of the character in nomination for the chief magistracy of the state, it may seem presumptuous in me to offer a single remark to the house. Urged, however, by my own feelings and the interests of my constituents, I cannot remain silent on such an important occasion. Let me premise, Sir, that I mean not, in the course of my remarks, to derogate from the merits of Mr. Cabell. As a man, he is most amiable, most virtuous as a politician; and I make this declaration thus early, because I was so unfortunate yesterday as to use an expression in the warmth of debate, which agreeably to the construction of some gentlemen, contained a particular indelicacy towards one of the characters nominated to fill a vacancy in the judiciary.
dence of his father, by whom alone, he was educated, the firm and enlightened defender of the rights of his country. In 1794 he was a practitioner of law in Petersburg, and his practice was as extensive and lucrative, as that of any gentleman of his age in the state. Not seduced, however, by the allurements of aggrandizement; not softened by the melting influence of money, he abandoned his pecuniary interests, and became a member of the legislature of Virginia. It was at that time, Sir, that Aristocracy, masked under the specious garb of federalism, and the sacred name of Washington, recommenced her aggressions on the rights and interests of the American people. Alexander M'Rae met her on her first advance and never yet has he shrunk from the charge. In 1796 he was elected to the executive council, and there he found democracy retiring before the awful aspect of power. He at once snatched her from that degrading situation, and placed her in a formidable and imposing attitude. In 1798 & '99, years which will be forever remembered by Virginians, this man of nature, by his activity, zeal and energy, in support of the republican cause, concentrated on himself the everlasting malignity and invective of the monarchists in Richmond, and throughout the state. Such was the inveteracy of party animosity against him, that upon a false and malicious charge of a disposition to excite an insurrection in the state, he was dragged before a justice of the peace. Here too, by his intrepidity and talents did he abash and confound the tools of faction. Who could have gone through the late political revolution in this place, let me ask without creating a personal enemy? In private life, the integrity of this man has never been impeached, even by calumny herself. His deportment is uniformly correct and polite. He does not, (like some men whom I know) when surrounded by his city acquaintances, trimmed off in the gaudy trappings of fashion, and fees a friend from the country in the homely home-spun of a husbandman, cast at him a side glance, or give him a distant bow or frigid word. No, Sir, in the true character of a genuine Virginian, he offers his hand, and with it his heart.
Mr. Speaker, before I conclude, with painful reluctance I must make a few observations on a report which is in circulation, and which is not altogether disconnected with the subject before the house. And here let me remark that I do not ascribe this report to any member of the legislature; indeed, I should curse the day I was born in Virginia, did I believe any of us capable of fabricating such a base calumny. It has been reported, Sir, however, by some one, and urged with great earnestness, that A. M'Rae was supported exclusively by young men in the General Assembly, who were anxious for disorganization, and who hoped by exalting him to the office of governor, to add some patronage and faction to their schemes. I, Sir, like many other young men in this house, shall always bow with deference and respect to age and experience, and have not some of the oldest and most respectable members among us supported the pretensions of Mr. M'Rae? Has youth become a crime in this country? If it be so, we cannot palliate nor deny it. I was too young, it is true, to mingle in the splendid achievements of our forefathers in maintaining American Independence. I was born, however, at a period, when from the situation of my country, the first lipings of my infancy were directed against those debased beings who "set power and forgot right." When I behold a man who has sustained the shock of our revolutionary contest, who, in times that tried men's souls, pledged his life, his fortune and his sacred honor to defend the rights of his country; whose blood has streamed as a sacrifice to the good of his country; as my father, I can clasp him to my bosom, and an inglorious son should I be, an unworthy parent of those little babes, that part around me at my fire side, could I support a measure or man hostile to that happiness and prosperity, which, in common with my fellow citizens, I so amply enjoy. Is patriotism excluded from the young bosom? Has the young man in this country no motive to be virtuous? Born in an enlightened nation, nursed by the spotless virgin of liberty, he cannot be incompetent to possess those dignified principles which adorn and ennoble human nature. Away then with the aspersion. Let us all like one family respect it and pity the debility of intellect or depravity of heart that suggested it. Let us recollect, bear always in mind, that old and young we are the servants of the people, that we are all bound by the strongest ligaments to promote the interests of the people, and let us join hand and heart in any measure consistently with our powers which will promote the good of the people.
On taking and counting the ballots they were found to be
Table with 2 columns: Name, Votes. W. H. Cabell, 99; A. M'Rae, 90; Majority, 9.
The numerous reflections which are suggested by the present aspect of the war of Europe, and the comments which are dictated by the able and luminous Message of the President to Congress, must give way to the first interesting debate which has hitherto occurred in the Virginia House of Delegates.
Several interesting COMMUNICATIONS are on hand, which shall receive an early insertion.
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF VIRGINIA.
HOUSE OF DELEGATES.
Tuesday, December 3, 1805.
The following Committees were appointed, viz.
Committees for courts of Justice: of Claims; Propositions and Grievances; Privileges and Elections; to examine the Clerk's Office; examine the Executive expenditure during the last year.
John Robinson appointed Clerk to the Committee for Courts of Justice; Charles Barrett, Clerk to the Committee of Privileges and Elections, and Claims; and Edmund Pendleton, Jr. Clerk to the Committee of Propositions and Grievances.
The standing Rules and Orders adopted for the government of the house last session were adopted for the government of the house this session.
A motion being made for the appointment of a Chaplain, the previous question whether a Chaplain shall be appointed was moved.
Rejected, in the affirmative—Ayes 77—Noes 75.
The house then proceeded to elect a Chaplain, and on counting the ballots a majority was found in favor of the Rev. John Courtney.
The Speaker laid before the house a letter from the Governor, referring to sundry enclosures, for the consideration of the General Assembly, which was read and ordered to lie on the table.
The speaker also laid before the house a letter from Philip Goynes, one of the members of the Privy Council, announcing his resignation of his seat at the board, which was read and ordered to lie on the table.
The remainder of the sitting was occupied in receiving and referring petitions.
Wednesday, December 4th.
A number of petitions were received, read and re-
ported thereupon. A letter was received from the Governor, referring to sundry enclosures, which was read, and ordered to lie on the table. Mr. Miller (Powhatan) made the following report from the Committee of Privileges and Elections, which was adopted by the house: It appears to your committee that the interest of N. Semple County ought to have returned F. S. D. as a delegate for that county, because it is in proof before them, that he had a greater number of votes on the first day of the election than Mathew Jones, and that there was no legal cause existing, why the poll should be kept open longer than one day. On motion. Resolved, That the house will on Saturday next (this day) proceed by joint ballot with the Senate, to the choice of a Governor or chief Magistrate of this Commonwealth for one year. On motion. Resolved, That this house will on Friday next proceed by joint ballot with the Senate, to the appointment of a Judge of the General Court to supply the vacancy occasioned by the death of Joseph Jones. Ordered, That the clerk inform the senate thereof. On a motion made. Resolved, That at the beginning of every fixed annual session, the speaker shall appoint a committee of finance, whose duty it shall be to examine into the state of the debts due from the Commonwealth; of the revenue and expenditures of the preceding year, and to prepare an estimate of the expenses of the succeeding year. Adjourned 'till to-morrow 12 o'clock.
Thursday, December 5. On a motion made. Resolved, That this house will on Tuesday the 17th inst. proceed by joint ballot with the Senate, to remove from the Council of State, two members thereof, agreeably to the constitution of this state. On a motion made. Resolved, That this house will on Saturday next, proceed by joint ballot with the Senate, to the choice of a Brigadier General, to supply the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Brigadier General John B. Scott. On a motion made. Resolved, That this house will on to-morrow, proceed by joint ballot with the Senate, to the choice of a Public Printer to this Commonwealth for one year.
Friday, December 6. The house, according to the order of the day, proceeded by joint ballot with the Senate, to the choice of a Judge to supply the vacancy occasioned by the death of the honorable Joseph Jones; and the members having prepared tickets and deposited the same in the ballot boxes, Messrs. Johnston, Miller (Powhatan), Biber, Randolph, Dixon, Woodworth, Hill (Greenville), Thornton, Heming and Minor were named a committee to meet, a committee from the Senate, and jointly with them examine the ballots, and report to the house on whom a majority of votes should fall; the committee then withdrew, and after some time returned into the house, and Mr. Johnston reported, that the committee had according to order, met a committee from the Senate, and had jointly with them examined the ballots, and found a majority of the whole number of votes in favour of Hugh Holmes, esq. Samuel Pleasants, jr. was appointed Public Printer, Mr. Burwell offered the following resolution: Resolved, That the chair is vacated by the appointment of Hugh Holmes to a seat in the Judiciary. Ordered, That the said resolution do lie on the table.
Saturday, December 7. A letter from Hugh Holmes, esq. was received (announcing his resignation of the Speaker's chair) in the following words: Gentlemen of the House of Delegates of Virginia. THE exchange of public honors constitutionally incapable of uniting in one person, being placed in my option by the voice of a majority of the Legislature on yesterday, by my election to a seat in the judiciary, I have deemed it proper to notify the House of Delegates, that I resign to them the office of Speaker, with which they were pleased to honor me at the commencement of their session, intending to accept the last appointment, and thereby to disqualify myself from holding an seat in the Legislature. This determination although the result of the best advice, as well as my own reflections on the propriety of the act, is still at hostility with the feelings of my heart; they dictate a different course, but obedience to them must always yield to principle, and I trust be justified by those who are partial to my services in the chair. The constitution holds sacred the division of power, and firmly inculcates the principle that the Executive, Legislative and Judicial Authority should be separate and distinct; would it then be correct in principle, that he who had been chosen to expand laws, should also aid and assist as a Legislator in making laws? Time will not permit me to detail the many examples of indefeasible which might occur in the course of a session, now only at its commencement; and altho' I hold the rule of the house as a just exposition of the constitution, (at least there is nothing in the latter forbidding the same) yet consistency in the construction of this charter, in adhering to its genius and spirit, is what I wish to preserve to the House of Delegates and myself. Great injustice will be done to purity of motives if on the one hand any gentleman shall suppose me ungrateful by deserting from a duty honourably assigned; or, on the other hand, that I am tenacious of accumulated honours, and adhere with indelicate pertinacity to all within my reach. In taking leave of you, gentlemen, I must be permitted to add, that the cold forms of respect in official communications at this moment are refused by my feelings; it is more than respect which I feel for the Legislature of Virginia. In this my political exit, I am about to part with friends; and to all, I beseech the only legacy within my gift, good wishes for every individual, prosperity to their Legislative labours, with happiness here and hereafter. HUGH HOLMES.
December 7th, 1805. Mr. Hening, one of the delegates from the county of Albemarle, reminded the house of the necessity of proceeding to the choice of a Speaker, and recommended Peter Johnston, esq. one of the delegates from the county of Prince Edward, as a person well qualified to discharge the duties of that office; and was seconded in the nomination by Mr. Miller (Powhatan)—Whereupon, Resolved unanimously, That Peter Johnston, esq. be appointed Speaker to this house; who being conducted to the chair, made his acknowledgment to the house for the honour conferred upon him.
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.
AGREABLE to authority vested in me by the will of the late Samuel Sway, I shall on the 20th day of this month, proceed to sell at public auction, at the Eagle Tavern, in the City of Richmond, on a credit of one, two, three, four and five years, the following property, to wit: Interest from the date, the following property, viz. the Tenement occupied by Messrs. George and James Taylor as their Cabinet Shop. The Tenement with the Lumber House now occupied by Messrs. Pickett, Pollard and Johnson on the cross Street leading to the Bath; also the well known Plantation called Buck Hill, near Manchester in the county of Chesterfield, containing 869 Acres more or less. Satisfactory security will be required by the
EXECUTOR. Any Person wanting further information will obtain it by applying to George Taylor in the City of Richmond. December 10 1805.
Just received and for sale at the Enquirer Book-Store: "Who wants a Guinea?" by Geo. Colman, esq. Also, "Hovey's Miscany" by John T. Hing.

TRIBUNATE.
8th Vendemaire—Sept. 26.
SPEECH OF CARION-NIZAS.
The existing circumstances in which Europe now finds herself, are of so serious and threatening a nature, that the least reflecting mind must be awakened to attention, and in the breasts of those who are accustomed to meditate on the vicissitudes of human affairs, the most lively interest must be excited.
Ever since the blood of Lorraine fell to France, has mingled with the blood of Charles V. a jealousy and hatred have been kindled, which have increased with our increasing prosperity, which have been inflamed by our ordered peace, and which have now arisen to the most astonishing height.
Let the nefarious house of Austria and phlegmatic government be agitated by the intrigues and dexterity of the gold of Great-Britain. It is what we can easily comprehend; since we have been instructed by so many previous examples.
But that Vienna, the natural and constituted guardian of the frontiers of Germany and the barrier of Europe, and who for so long a time defended them with such fidelity against the Turks, should now so eagerly open them to this half corrupt and half barbarian giant, who with one hand agitates the Baltic, and with the other reigns over the Danube, who calls forth the hordes of Caucasia and the nations of Tatars, who pushes the east upon the west, Asia upon Europe, is a crime of Austria against Europe, against herself, is an anti-social delirium, which cannot sufficiently excite our astonishment and indignation.
What then is the hope of Austria, when Europe shall cease to exist, and that Europe is in danger of losing its independence, cannot be doubted when we see combined against her, the riches of the two Indies, the power of a vast portion of Asia, the fatal deflection, the particular policy of a part of her own states.
"But," cry the mercenary and stupid writers "it is on France the eyes of Europe should be fixed, it is France who has destroyed the equilibrium, it is true, what she adds to her territory is small and almost imperceptible in comparison with the provinces swallowed by Russia, or the kingdoms subjugated by England. But the conquests of England and Russia are so distant." Not so distant, however, but that their gold can reach with facility, and their armed hordes penetrate to the heart of Europe.
"But," dare they add—"these conquests of England and Russia may be the more readily pardoned, since they gain so little from them; since they govern them so wretchedly; for the population of India diminishes every day under the iron sceptre of Great Britain, and the prosperity of Asia is not very sensibly augmented under the knot of Russia."
Strange reasoning indeed, by which they would induce us to conclude, that the impotence of a government to do good, compensates for its power to do ill.
Behold however these armies which a territory, less populous it is true, but thrice as extensive as the rest of Europe can raise, see them extending from the mouths of the Boristhenes to those of the Neva; see at the entrance of these same rivers, two fleets, at a given signal, setting sail, and tracing around Europe a line of ignominy and servitude, and in the space of a little time, meeting and uniting before the mouths of the Rhone or the Tiber, and then say if Europe is not endangered.
If England were in a like situation, do you not believe she would before this, have officially proclaimed the blockade of Europe? Nature, stronger than ambition, prevents England from acting as she would act were she situated like Russia; but where the views of ambition are assisted by natural position, can we doubt but that Russia will adopt the logic of England?
What is wanting to enable her to execute this plan of gigantic tyranny, since a great and still increasing marine is to be the instrument. Is it timber, when possessed of forests untouched since the creation; is it hemp, is it iron, is it provisions of any kind, when she is the grand magazine of Europe, or can it be men? No they will not soon exhaust, either the regions of ancient Scandinavia, which have been called the nurseries of the human race, nor the vast nations of Asia, those eternal reservoirs which have periodically inundated the ancient world.
But, perhaps, gold, so necessary in modern warfare, may be wanting; perhaps ramparts and barriers may impede her progress.
Gold! England, depending on her insular situation, and as separated from Europe, shutting her eyes on the dangers which she thinks distant or impossible, exhausts the treasures of India on her side on her side. Ramparts, barriers!
Austria, a thousand times more sensible than England, since her danger is more imminent, Austria opens a passage through her territories, and over the bodies of her subjects marks a passage for Russian armies to the west and middle of Europe to join the Russian and Tartar fleets.
What will be the consequence to Austria and England of such a violation of all the dictates of interest and prudence may be easily foreseen; for Austria, it will be the overthrow of a government whose subjects are not its friends—for England, more remote, indeed, but more terrible, the entire destruction of both the government and people.
In vain do these powers endeavor to deceive themselves—their destiny is inscribed upon the pages of history.
At the time when the Moors were invited into Spain by two traitors, blinded by revenge, they took no time to consider the consequences of their treason; they believed that the difference of religion, of manners, of color would prevent the Moors from making a permanent establishment, and yet but a few years had elapsed when, except in inaccessible mountains, scarcely a drop of Christian blood was to be found in Spain.
And to whom is it that the court of Vienna thus cheerfully opens her hereditary kingdoms? To a powerful sovereign of the very same people who, under the emperor Leopold, invited by the rebel Hungarians, laid siege to Vienna with an army of 300,000 combatants, by whom it would have been infallibly taken, and ravaged, had it not been for the succours of the magnanimous Sobieski.
In a similar and perhaps as near a danger, no Sobieski will arise! There is no longer a Poland—ingratitudine has consigned it to destruction; avarice has despoiled it!
There is no longer a Poland! This is the true cause, the deplorable origin of all the revolutions over which Europe has mourned since that gloomy period, and all of those which are yet to be accomplished! When Charles XII. and Peter I. fought for victory with armies so small that they seemed lost in the deserts of the Ukraine, Europe might look on with indifference, and although this indifference discovered no great penetration, there was nothing in it repugnant to common policy.
But it was quite another thing when, on the partition of Poland, Europe beheld Russia throwing the weight of her influence into the complication of interests and the equilibrium of strength, which preserved the balance of the European powers.
All action leads necessarily to reaction, and France was sooner or later to avenge upon herself and all Europe the affront she had received from her own government and from foreign aggression.
The re-action of France upon herself has taken place. We have been witnesses of its horrors and prodigies—the revolution has been completed, the dynasty is changed, the blood is renovated throughout all the arteries of the political body—the work is consummated.
Elsewhere it is not so; the re-action commenced, it has been suspended—the revolution was arrested by the moderation of the conqueror. We trusted in the return of mitigated cabinets to reaction, in the prostration of humiliated powers—chimeras of magnanimity which they have taken care to dissipate.
It is a singular and remarkable fight, to see Europe led on to destiny, even in opposition to the wishes of
the power which the course of circumstances may render the arbiter of Europe.
The furious policy of England, the stupid counsels of Austria, the inflammatory impotence of Sweden, the non-existence of Poland, the absolute prostration of all the moral and physical strength of the Ottoman Empire; and lastly, the well understood ambition of Russia, places Europe in circumstances, which should excite the attention and awaken the anxiety of all thinking minds, and lead to not unprofitable deliberations.
Reflection and foresight are the great and distinguishing faculties of man; they are the strong levers of human action. He who foresees has advanced one step in accomplishing or preventing the event foreseen.
We are at a crisis when events succeed each other with such rapidity, that the boldest predictions of events that appear far distant, are realized in less time than the most clear and active mind would require to analyze them.
That equilibrium of Europe, to which we have just alluded, exists no longer; it is destroyed: that balance, that deep complication of interests, of opposing and concurring systems, which was the foundation of the prosperity of Europe in ordinary times, when its wars were, if I may so say, only civil wars or family quarrels, cannot exist when attacked by great extra-European powers; and has every thing to fear from the pressure of Asia, of Africa, and perhaps of both.
In these interesting and trying circumstances, which have more than once taken place, and which exist at the present time, Europe is infallibly destined to a general servitude, if she obstinately perseveres in her present intestine jealousies and divisions.
At what epoch was it, that the barbarians made their first irruption into the Roman world with impunity? It was when Gallien, that phantom of an Emperor, it was when thirty tyrants at a time were proclaimed by a frantic soldiery, or when cities in tumult disputed an empire which they were alike eager to destroy and unable to defend!
The world was very old, yet always changing, always the same, a prey to the same passions, seduced or enlightened by the same interests, the same causes produce the same effects in every age, we need not fervidly seek in the records of the past rules for our conduct at the present period; but let us study in the grand Mirror of history, its repeated lessons and reap instruction from the experience of the past.
In the earliest ages, when Europe was insulted by Asia, she ranged herself under the command of a single chieftain, some ages after, Greece (then civilized Europe) was within a hair's breadth of destruction by the monarchs of Asia who took advantage of her intestine divisions.
But at the voice of their Amphitrons, they assembled to chuse a captain general; liberty, jealous as love, and as easily alarmed, for a long while resisted the supremacy of Philip and his son—Thebes paid dear for her resistance; but soon was the voice of gratitude heard throughout Greece, now delivered from all fears of the barbarians, and all her altars smoked in honor of Alexander.
Europe composed at present, I will not say of republics, but of democracies more foolishly jealous, not only of that liberty dear to all generous hearts, but of its most frivolous forms, will be forced, if the policy of Vienna and London are not changed, to adopt ideas or combination and unity, incompatible, without doubt, with all the dignity of independent states, but by which alone she can be saved when attacked by another part of the world, and it is too plain a truth to need exposition, that even those who most complain of the power of France and who invite the intervention of Russia, are by their measures driving west of Europe to the alternative of perishing, and of perishing soon under Russia, or of giving greater weight and importance to the preponderance of the French government.
Certainly Hannibal encountered the greatest difficulties and disadvantages in attacking Italy, if we compare his expedition with the other irruptions into Europe by Asia and Africa, or even to that which now menaces us; nevertheless if at this epoch, Italy had not been almost united under the same influence, if the power of Rome had not been the same that it was before the siege of Veia, there would have been an end of Rome, of the independence of Italy, and Europe had been subjugated by Africa.
Octavius sustained the cause of Europe, of Europe indignant at beholding Anthony drawing in his train the kings of the east menacing Italy with the manners and servitude of Asia and Africa. This fate of the public mind cost Augustus the empire of the world.
Constantine united it anew, and took an advanced post against the attempts of Asia, by chusing Byzantium for the seat of empire. Under his successor it was again divided, again divided.
Already was prepared in the deserts of Arabia, the most terrible lesson Europe ever received, an example which above all others is calculated for our instruction.
Certainly this terrible overthrow of three parts of the world, was less probable, than the scourges which now threaten us, and which it is yet possible to avert.
When Mahomet traversed the deserts at the head of a caravan, rather than an army, with which however he laid the foundations of that military power, so formidable, and which for so long a time was acknowledged by a large portion of the globe, it would have required more than human foresight to have predicted the conquests of Caliph who were his successors, to have foreseen, that after having subjugated a part of Asia and Africa, they should advance triumphantly into Europe, and meet with no check to their career, until they had penetrated to the plains of Tours.
Moral just motives for alarm now exist, when we see the Scythians and the Tartars already marching to prey upon the vitals of Germany, when the indolent and ferocious nations of the Morea and Epirus, are already rejoicing in the pillage of Italy, ready to be disgorge upon the shores of this beautiful country, led on by Russian and English arms.
Oh! Italy, thou hast detested, thou hast called barbarian, those people, those soldiers, who from the summits of thy Alps have poured upon thy valleys! What name dost thou reserve for these fiends of devastation, whom the Adriatic is about to throw upon thy coasts.
But it is Italy alone which should be alarmed! Again and again I repeat, it is the west, it is Europe which is menaced, and in a manner far more terrible than that which famous and much calumniated epoch, when by an effort which preserved its independence, its political and social existence, the west, actuated by one sentiment, rose and marched in order to preserve the benefits of christianity, and of civilization, which were then one and the same. It was at the commencement of civilization and liberty, which benefits were derived from christianity, that Europe, under the symbol of the tomb of Jesus Christ, arose to defend the religion which had enlightened the west and softened its barbarism.
The religious object was rational, and the political worthy of admiration; at all times it should awaken our gratitude, and at this time it should excite our emulation.
I do not pretend to say that the instinct of that age should be put into competition with the wisdom and science of ours; but it seems to me that the considerations which then so powerfully influenced their minds, should be maturely weighed by us.
Let us for once listen to what is said by those clear sighted and profound politicians, whom we have treated as men ignorant and grossly superstitious.
"The power of the Turks," cry they to kings and nations, "The power of the Turks every day augments to the great detriment of christianity, every day the acquisition of some new province inflames their pride, they invade, they embrace in idea the whole earth; they are more brave and more artful than the Saracens, their counsels more wise, their actions more bold, they make greater efforts and are crowned with greater success."
At present, writers of Europe, put the name of Russians in the place of Turks, put the name of Turks in the place of Saracens, for the Turks reigned then in fact, where the Saracens reign now in name, and the Russians now govern where the Turks think they fly.
command; change then the names only, and let us continue this curious exposition.
"Kings and kingdoms of the west, (I excite the very words transmitted to us) you believe yourselves in security when even the extremities of the earth are not, when the very bosom of Europe is violated, its ramparts threatened and its shores insulted."
"The greatest part of the countries, which the Babylonians, the Medes, the Persians, the Macedonians, the Parthians, and the other masters of the world once possessed, is theirs, or trembles at their approach."
"On all sides they extend their frontiers, or to speak more truly they acknowledge none, and between the places where their sway is firmly established, and the country which we inhabit, there is less distance than between them and the Caspian, from whence they first issued for the ruin of mankind."
"Thanks to the deflection of Austria and Eng. Europe is now in the same circumstances in which she was in the eleventh century. Then the fight for a chief and defender in the same country which had given birth to Charles Martel. Think you, fages of Europe, the zealous defenders of her independence can seek elsewhere a military chief or political head. It cannot be too often repeated or too deeply engraven on the mind, that if the feeblest policy which influences so many of the powers of Europe, if their blind hatred for us continues to urge her on to ruin, that Europe will throw herself into our arms, certain that we will not betray her last hope."
All conspire against the independence of Europe: all abandon her cause—France alone cannot abandon her, nor thus yield up the theatre of her glory.
Let us then enter on the career which is pointed out by glory?
The people, influenced by their necessities and reason, will, if it is necessary, make a happy secession from governments swayed by a blind interest.
These governments will see in our enemies; the people will view us as friends, allies and protectors.
Our impudent ancestors insolently exclaimed esse to the vanquished! and they were justly punished. We will proclaim on the contrary joy to the vanquished! We will observe our promise and will be recompensed.
Where is the soldier led from the plough to the standard, to whom our camp will not offer a country more inviting, a perspective more happy, than that treacherous soil, which they moisten with their sweat, and their blood, that unproductive labour which yields them not even hope.
Soon shall those who are conquered by our arms become the willing subjects of our laws; those who meet us as enemies shall embrace us as brothers. Our arms shall not stop our negotiations nor our negotiations retard the progress of our arms.
On one side, Europe shall behold manners which she loves, arts which she cherishes, and knowledge which she respects—on the other, tyranny that alarms, rapacity that terrifies, and luxury without restraint.
In this struggle between civilization and barbarism, we cannot doubt the side on which victory will declare herself in an age when science combats as well as courage.
If the chances of this war offer a brilliant perspective to the lovers of glory, its results offer a perspective not less pleasing to the lovers of humanity.
The chaos into which the interests of Europe have fallen shall be dispelled, her systems simplified, the demarcation of her frontiers become more conformable to the wants and wishes of a civilized people; those burdensome conscriptions which weigh so heavily on all the states of Europe shall cease to be necessary.
In order to obtain these happy consequences, these great blessings, which her avengers must gain at the price of their blood, it will be necessary that this blood flow not drop by drop, but that a terrible and decisive war should soon decide the contest. Let us show that we are still the same, with only this difference that we enjoy more order, and consequently possess more resources and real strength.
People of the cities! Prepare festivals for victory and for peace—People of the capital, that brilliant court which gives you its justice, removes from you but for a little while—People of the country—your emperor, your father, is happy in having been deceived and misled by the perfidy of an aggressor, who wishes to conceal its shame under the cloak of dissimulation, since it has been the means of leaving you the longer in your fields.
Soon will he restore you to them; ere another harvest shall return, he hopes to strike a decisive stroke, which shall procure for you a long peace, the inevitable and immediate result of his arms.
Tribunes—The future advances with rapid steps. Our words precede only by a few instants the events which they predict.
Time in its course will mature these events. To realise and illustrate them, let us rely on time, which matures in its course the events of the nineteenth century. It is the wisdom and energy of a great people, the exploits of a brave army, the genius and fortune of a chief worthy of such a people and such an army, and the not less distinguished avenger of Europe, that I invoke to accomplish them.
HUGH J. CRAWFORD,
HAS just received from the ship Planter, Captain Boutin, from London, his Fall supply of DRUGS & MEDICINES, which being laid in under his own immediate inspection, the quality may be depended on; and having purchased with cash, he is enabled to dispose of them on the most moderate terms.
ALSO; London White Lead, gr'd & Copal Varnish, in oil, Russian Blue, Spanish Brown, do. Patent Yellow, Yellow Ochre, do. Verdigris, Paint Brushes of all sizes, Stone Ochre, Belf English Glue, Venetian Red, Gold and Silver Leaf, King's Yellow, &c. He has for sale, a few bottles Virginia Caster Oil, of the same quality as that lately sold at Dr. Cringan's. Sept. 20. oaw3m
TO BE RENTED,
MY HOUSE and LOT, upon Shockey-Hill, in an airy pleasant situation—For terms, apply to Mr. Samuel McCraw, who is fully authorised by me, to treat for the same, or to the subscriber. Possession may be immediately had. WILLIAM MANN. August 30. (F ff)
BENJAMIN STETSON,
INFORMS his friends and the public in general he has for sale, 400 gallons Holland's Linseed Oil, White Lead and Spanish Brown ground in oil, Patent Green ground in ditto. Verdigris and Spanish Brown, dry; 8 by 10 Window Glass, & Putty; 2d, 3d, 4d, 6d, 8d, 10d, and 20d. Nails, two Casks Spike Nails, Bar Iron, German and Blistered Steel; general assortment of Iron Hollow Ware; 10 Hhs. Molasses, French Brandy, West-India and New-England Rum, Tea, Coffee, Loaf and Brown Sugar, Chocolate, Mens, fine and coarse Shoes, Ladies Kid & Morocco and Leather Slippers; 8 Boxes Cotton and Wool Cards assorted; half pint and quart Tumblers, small invoice elegant cut glass, flote ware, German Ozenburgs, 50 Sacks Salt, Nova Scotia Grind Stones, and many other articles in store, which he will sell cheap for cash or country produce. April 2.—(Jaw12m)
THE subscribers offer for sale, their reversionary Right in a new fire-proof warehouse on Maxwell's wharf in the Borough of Norfolk, described in the will of Doctor John K. Read, dec'd, as his upper-mess warehouse. In this property, Mrs. Helen Read has a life estate.
MERIWETHER JONES, BENJAMIN F. READ. It is probable that I may leave this fare ere long: in which event, Meriwether Jones will be fully authorized to act for me. BENJAMIN F. READ. November 1. tf
EDUCATION.
DURING the ensuing year J. Ogilvie will resume and pursue the professional instruction of youth in the town of Milton, Albemarle.—The healthiness of the situation, the cheapness of boarding, the almost total exclusion of every opportunity or incident to dissipation, are amongst the reasons that have induced him to remove from Richmond to Milton. In resuming this employment, (which painful and imperious circumstances, have for a few months, compelled him to suspend,) he brings with him an undecayed sensibility to its attractions, and a determined zeal to perform its duties with all the affinity and zeal he is able to exert. His course of instruction is divisible into two parts: The first part will comprehend English Grammar, Geography, Elocution, Euclid Elements, Arithmetic. Particular attention will also be paid to the study of the dead languages, where it may be the will of parents. The second part of the course will comprehend, the Philosophy of Rhetoric, Logic, Ethics, Political Economy, Criticism, Composition, History, some of the most curious and useful branches of Natural Philosophy, and a variety of miscellaneous information, which it would be difficult to class and arrange under distinct heads. He thinks it must be obvious to every person possessing any degree of candour and intelligence, that such a course of instruction, is better calculated to improve the faculties of the mind, to purify and expand the best affections of the heart, than an exclusive attention to the study of the dead languages. Of its superior efficacy in overcoming indolence, awakening curiosity, inspiring a love of knowledge and a generous emulation in the pursuit of it, and above all in training young persons to habits of candour, benevolence and self-command, a personal and persevering experience for several years, has afforded him the most satisfactory evidence. When these circumstances, combined with the additional labour both of mind and body, which the execution of this plan must require, are impartially considered, he trusts that his charge for tuition will be deemed reasonable. From ten to fifteen years of age, would seem in general to be the period best adapted to the studies, that compose the first part of the course: From fifteen to eighteen to that which composes the second. Boys who commence at the age of ten or twelve and advance gradually and regularly through every part of the course, are likely to reap far greater advantages, than such as enter at a more advanced age, when their habits are less flexible and when they are obliged to hurry precipitately over, or omit altogether, the elementary studies. The latter is one of the circumstances, which has heretofore occasioned his frequent change of place, and which, except in a very few instances, has prevented him from exhibiting an impartial specimen of the comparative and practical merits of his course of instruction. It is in his most anxious wish, that a majority of his pupils may be composed of boys from ten to fifteen years of age, who will continue under his tuition until they shall complete the course. Under these circumstances he indulges a hope that it would be in his power to render services permanent and substantial, and to inspire his pupils with a love of knowledge and a predilection for manly, useful and honourable sentiments and pursuits, which would exert a predominant and decisive influence over their future happiness and usefulness in society. He wishes to receive from twenty-five to thirty pupils: His charge for tuition, will be forty dollars per annum for boys under the age of fifteen, and fifty dollars per annum for young persons above that age: Parents who may be disposed to place their sons under his tuition, will make application to the subscriber by letter or otherwise, in Milton. The school will be opened on the second Monday in January, 1806. JAMES OGILVIE. Milton, November 22, 1805.
MILITARY CERTIFICATES.
FOR SALE, Certificates of this state, bearing interest of 6 per cent. and receivable at the Treasury, for all arrears of taxes, prior to the year 1796. WILLIAM PRICE, Cad'r. Genl. x. A. S. May 1 st . tf
OYSTER HOUSE.
GEORGE WATSON, HAS commenced his former and well known occupation of furnishing OYSTERS, BEEF STEAKS, COLD SNACKS, and RELISHES, at the white House near the Union Tavern, wherein the Post-Office was lately kept. He begs leave to assure those who may favor him with their company or commands, that nothing shall be neglected on his part which promises to give satisfaction. October 15.
GEORGE WILY,
BROKER & COMMISSION MERCHANT. Near the Basin.
BUYS and sells all kinds of Produce—Alf. Lands Lots, and houses, Bank Stock, &c. He has for Sale, LOTS No. 141, 2, 3, and 4, which make one entire square in Du-Val's addition.—There is a good Spring attached to them. These lots are well worth the attention of any gentleman wishing to build a summer retreat for his family. July 23.—tf.
JUST RECEIVED,
THE 4th Vol. of Marshall's LIFE OF WASHINGTON.—Subscribers to this work are particularly requested to call for their respective books at William Prichard's Book and Stationary Store. Wm. Prichard begs leave to inform the public at large, that he is now selling off his stock in trade, at reduced prices. October 29. tf.
ALL Persons having demands against the estate of Philip Ludwell Grymes, Esq. late of Brandon, Middlesex county, deceased; are requested to forward them properly authenticated—and those who are indebted to said estate, are desired to make immediate payment to the Rev. Henry Heffernan of the said county, who is fully authorised to settle all matters relative to the estate during my absence. SAMUEL W. SAYRE, Adm'r. Brandon, November 8.
A NEW TAVERN.
RUBEN BURNLEY respectfully informs the public, that he has opened a House of Entertainment in that commodious new building west of the Court-house. Attached to the premises is a new in every respect, well provided for the accommodation of genteel company. N. B. Very liberal wages will be given for a good Cook—a male would be preferred. Charlottesville, Nov. 22. ep?m
NEAL NELSON,
BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND.
MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use. Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale. Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot. A—the length of the Boot, C—round the Calf, B—the pitch of ditto, D—round the heel and instep, E—round the instep, G—across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—let down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. January 1. ep?f
JOHNSON & REAT,
JEWELLERS, SILVER-SMITHS & GOLDERS. A few doors above the Bell-Tavern, Richmond: RETURN the public in general their thanks, for the liberal encouragement they have received, and with confidence of giving general satisfaction, they hope for a continuance of it. They have now on hand, a handsome assortment of work, consisting of the following articles, viz: Table, Desert and Tea Spoons; Soup, Toddy, Sauce and Mustard Ladles; Salt Shovels; Sugar Tongues; Tooth and Ear Picks; Pencil Cases; Pin-cushion Chains and Reams; Soffar Chains; Silver Thimbles; Tortoise Shell and Pearl-handled Penknives. Miniatures drawn and set upon the shortest notice; Mourning and Fancy Lockets; Rings ditto; Bracelets ditto; Breast Pins of various Sizes and shapes, Mourning and fancy; Gold, Silver, Pearl and Cork Sleeve Buttons; Gold and Hair Watch Chains; gold Seals and Keys of different sizes and shapes; an elegant assortment of fashionable Tortoise Shell Combs, ornamented, of various sizes and shapes, just from Philadelphia; Ear-Rings of the most fashionable forms and sizes; Gold and Gold Mounted Jet Necklaces; Ladies and Gentlemen's Morocco Pocket Books; Gentlemen's Pate Knee Buckles—& many other articles too tedious to enumerate—all of which they offer on the most reasonable terms. Portions wishing to purchase by the quantity, will be allowed a reasonable credit by giving approved security in the city. Orders will be strictly attended to, and discharged with dispatch, by the subscribers. JOHNSON & REAT. N. B. The highest price given for Old Gold and Silver. Nov. 19. ep?f
NOTICE.
BY virtue of a deed of trust, executed to me by John Kello, to secure the payment of a debt due by him to John and William Bell, I shall, on Friday the 20th of December, at the house of the said John Kello, in the upper end of the county of Cumberland, proceed to sell to the highest bidder, that valuable Farm, containing 550 acres of Land, on which he now lives, (subject to two prior deeds of trust) as will pay the sum due to the said John and William Bell, of about six hundred and fifty pounds, with four interest thereon, for the benefit of John Kello. CREED TAYLOR, Trustee. Nov. 19. ep?ds
WILLIAM MCCAY
RETURNS his grateful acknowledgements to his numerous friends and customers for the liberal encouragement he has received, and informs them that the business will in future be carried on under the firm of
MCCAY & COWAN
WATCH & CLOCK MAKERS; Who tender their services to their friends and the public in the line of their profession, and hope from unremitted attention, to merit the confidence of their customers—Repair watches and clocks of every description. M. and C. have just received a large and fashionable assortment of jewellery, consisting of Large, fancy, mourning, plain and set Earrings, Gold and gold set Necklaces, A handsome assortment of ornamented Tortoise Shell Combs, Mourning, fancy, wedding, plain and plain set Finger Rings, Mourning, plain and plain set Breast Pins, Gold Miniature Settings and Chain, Mourning and plain Bracelets and Neck Claps, Mourning and fancy Lockets, Ladies and gentlemen's gold, gilt, steel and silk Watch Chains, Gold, gilt, pebble, and glass Seals, Gold, gilt and steel Keys, Gold, silver and tortoise shell Sleeve Buttons & Studs, Silver Thimbles, Salt Spoons, Netting Needles, Tooth Picks and Shoe Claps, with a variety of other articles. They have likewise on hand a few good Watches, all of which they offer on the most reasonable terms. N. B. Miniature Settings and Hair-Work executed in the neatest manner.
WILLIAM COWAN
Returns his acknowledgements to his friends and the public for the liberal encouragement he has received since his commencement in business, and hastens himself from his present connection to merit their future confidence. N. B. Persons who have watches remaining in his hands will please call at the shop of McCay & Cowan. November 26. ep?sw