Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1809-08-11 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[XVIIIth YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1678.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS,) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum—Paid in Advance.]
FRIDAY, AUGUST 11, 1809.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
LAND OFFICE, August 1st, 1809.
List of an Original Land Warrant, for which Exchange Warrants have been granted, published agreeably to an Act of Assembly, passed the 1st of February, 1809.
   Name of original holder. Right on which original warrant issued. Number of original warrant. Acres. Date. Names of indorsers, assignors and assignees, also place of residence of those to whom Exchange Warrants have issued, and also number and quantity of acres of Exchange Warrants.     Lt. Col. Michael Ryan. Treasury right. 18,705 10,000 August 14th, 1783.     Residence. Number. Acres.     Jamesborough 2015 to 2034 incl. 100 each   Tennessee 2035 to 2049 incl. 200 do.   ditto 2050 to 2059 incl. 300 do.   ditto 2060 to 2064 incl. 400 do.    Matthew Aikin devisee of Matthew Aikin, dec'd. } who was assignee of Michael Ryan. } Same do. do. } Same do. do. } Same do. do. }  
EDWARD C. DAVIS, Register.
NOTICE. The creditors of the estate of John J. Wiatt, dec. are hereby requested to send in their respective accounts or claims for settlement; and those indebted, to make payment to the subscribers without delay.
HARRY TOMPKINS, } Adm'rs. D. J. BURR, Richmond, July 13th, 1809. w6t
FOR SALE or RENT. —The TENEMENT on shockoe hill, lately occupied by Mr. Samuel Pleasants; on which is a Dwelling house with six rooms, besides two dry cellar rooms with fire places; also a Kitchen, smoke house, and Stable. The Situation is healthy and pleasant and very convenient to the Capitol—Possession may be had the first of October next, when Mr. Pleasants' lease will expire. For terms apply to
A. BLAIR, Richmond, July 13, 1809. w.f.
NOTICE. —On Monday the 23d, day of October next, will be sold, at Whitby, in the county of Chesterfield, upon a credit of twelve months; the PERSONAL ESTATE of the late Col. ROBERT GOODE; consisting of the present crop of Corn, Wheat, Oats, Fodder, and Hay; the stock of Horses, Cows, Sheep and Hogs; the plantation utensils and Household and Kitchen Furniture. Bonds and approved security will be required of the purchasers to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid.
It is particularly requested that all those who may have claims against the estate will make them known immediately to either of the subscribers, in order that provision may be made for payment.
RICHARD B. GOODE, FRANCIS GOODE, Administrators with the will annexed.
That valuable and well known estate called WHITBY, on James River, about three miles from the Town of Manchester, will also be sold by private sale; it contains 1262 acres of Land, about 220 acres of which are of the first rate Low grounds and more than one half of the residue thereof is heavily timbered. To this estate there is attached one of the best fisheries on James River and every convenient and necessary house for the accommodation of a family. An indisputable title will be made and possession given on the first day of December next, with the liberty of sowing small grain at any time agreeable to the purchaser. The terms may be known on application to
Richard B. Goode, Manchester, or Francis Goode, Powhatan. July 11, 1809. wids.
TAKEN upon the Chatsworth Estate, a BLACK MARE MULE, neither brand or mark; appraised to sixty-five dollars; the owner may have her by proving his property and paying the legal charges.
WM. NETTLES. Chatsworth, 10th July, 1809. (w3tp)
WILL BE SOLD on Monday 11th September next, if fair, otherwise the next fair day, at the late dwelling house of Nathaniel Pope, dec'd. in Hanover county, several likely slaves, consisting of men, women and children, the stock of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, one coach and single chair, household and kitchen furniture, plantation utensils, the crop of corn, wheat, oats, blades, and top fodder, &c.
Twelve months credit will be allowed the purchaser for all sums above ten dollars on their giving bond with approved security, to carry interest from the date, if not punctually paid.
PHILIP DUVAL, Administrator. August 1st 1809. tds.
At the same time and place, by virtue of a deed of trust executed to the subscriber by Nathaniel Pope, dec'd. bearing date 1st February, 1808, will be sold for ready money, the following slaves, to wit; Milly and her children, York, Betty, Kitty, Daniel and Ben, or so many thereof, as will be sufficient to satisfy the debt in said deed expressed.
THOMAS PRICE, Trustee. 1st August, 1809. tds.
Foreign.
NEW YORK, August 4. LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
Yesterday arrived at this Port, the brig Staira, Capt. Geer, in 40 days from London, which place she left on the 21st of June. From captain G. and his passengers, the Editor of the MERCANTILE ADVERTISER has received a regular file of London papers to the 20th of June, inclusive, and Llyds' Lists to the 16th.
By the Staira, we learn, that the British Minister (Mr. Jackson) had not sailed for America; but that he was about sailing in a sloop of war for America—The Phoenix frigate was ordered for some other service. other service.
Our commercial friends will find, by referring to our extracts from Lloyd's Lists, that a great number of American vessels have arrived in British ports—The Staira is the bearer of dispatches from the American Minister in London to the government of the United States.
LONDON, June 19.
This morning arrived a Mail from Helderand, by which we have received the following:
BANKS OF THE ELEE, June 2.
"The Austrian head quarters are, according to private accounts received this morning at Litz."
"The Emperor Francis, previous to the battle of Aspern, received proposals from Napoleon, to conclude a truce on certain conditions, which overture he instantly forwarded to the Archduke Charles, who returned it with the following note:—
"Brother, take my Marshal's staff from me, and let me rather know the Austrian name no more, nor yours, but let me retire with my brothers to Hungary."
"The Duke of Valmy (Kellerman) has, it is said, received orders to occupy Prussia."
Two very important reports have got into circulation. It was confidently stated on Saturday that the King of Prussia has declared war against France; and it was at the same time asserted, that another battle had been fought on the left bank of the Danube, in which Bonaparte had proved successful. The former of these reports obtained considerable credit in the city, and letters containing what was stated to be the substance of his Prussian Majesty's Declaration were shewn. It was observed, however, that differences so material appeared in these descriptions of the proceedings of the Prussian Ministry, that no reliance could be placed on the accuracy of any of them. The arrival of the young Prince of Orange in this country has tended, we believe, to spread an opinion that the King of Prussia has resolved to take a part in the war against France; and it is said that he has been determined to take this course, in consequence of Bonaparte having expressed himself dissatisfied with all the explanations that have been offered by the Cabinet of Koningsberg, respecting the conduct of Schill.—The rumour however, must be accompanied by better evidence than any that has yet been adduced in its support, before the doubts which it is calculated to excite can be removed. If the King of Prussia has determined to go to war, it is probably in consequence of a conviction that Bonaparte has resolved to strip him of the small remains of power he has still left. It must be a last effort of despair. With regard to the latter report it is certainly not improbable that a battle has taken place on the Danube; but the authority for that fact is not better than that for the Prussian declaration of war. The rumour is stated in letters from Holland and is said to be corroborated by a gentleman who arrived on Friday at Harwich, in a neutral vessel, from the Continent.
Colonel Washington Morton, a gentleman of very considerable influence in America, arrived at Portsmouth, from London, last week, in six hours, and sailed with dispatches of great importance from Mr. Pickney, the American Minister, to Gen. Armstrong at Paris.
We understand that Government is making vigorous preparations to equip another armament. Reinforcements are daily proceeding to Portugal, both from this country and Ireland; and it is said especially that cavalry is to be forwarded, the want of which has been so loudly complained of in every part of the Peninsula. An opinion is likewise entertained, that Government purposes to send succours in arms, and possibly in men too, to the insurgents in Germany.
June 20.
A Telegraphic Dispatch yesterday afternoon was received at the Admiralty, from Plymouth, stating that the French had been forced out of St. Andero. This event was naturally to be expected from previous accounts of the condition of the enemy in the North of Spain, and we trust soon to hear that they have been entirely driven from the Asturias and Galicia.
PRICE OF STOCKS.
This day at 12 o'clock—3 per cent. cons. stock—do. for acc. 69 1 4 3 3—3 per cent. red. 68 1 8—omnium 3 4 3 per cent.
Captain Devereaux, of the scr. Jefferson (a ship from Philadelphia) was passenger in the Syren. His vessel was captured in the Mona passage, by 3 French 74's on her voyage to Maracaybo. The French, after plundering her of the most valuable and portable articles, took her crew on board and then burnt the schooner. Capt. Devereaux and crew were treated on board the Frenchmen with the greatest rigor and indignity. On the arrival at Cherbourg, the crew were imprisoned; but capt. D. through the interference of Mr. Barnett, the American consul, obtained a passport for L'Orient. Some subsequent assistance, which he received from Mr. Armstrong, enabled him to procure a passage in the Syren. He was robbed of every article he owned, even to his wearing apparel. It is due to truth and candour to state that Mr. Armstrong with great promptitude answered capt. D's application for assistance.
VERY LATE FROM FRANCE.
[Arrival of the Mentor, Captain Ward.] Yesterday afternoon arrived at this port the dispatch ship Mentor, captain Ward, in the remarkably short passage of 24 days from L'Orient, which place she left on the 9th of July.
Mr. Malby Geyton, is the bearer of Dispatches for Government, and proceeds to Washington this morning.
Captain Ward has obligingly favored the editor of the Mercantile Advertiser with a file of Paris papers to the 4th of July. The dates from the French army in Germany are to the 24th of June, and comprise the 22d bulletin, at which time the Emperor Napoleon had his head-quarters at Vienna. The town of Raab capitulated on the 23d of June to General Lauriston, and the terms of the capitulation occupy nearly the whole of the last bulletin.
We learn verbally that no battle had taken place between the French and Austrian Grand Armies, since the 21st and 22d of May; but that both the Emperor of France and the Archduke Charles were re-inforcing and concentrating their armies; and that a great battle was shortly expected to take place.
We further learn that the Emperor of Russia had sent three large armies to assist the Emperor Napoleon, (one of which was commanded by the Prince Suwarow probably a relation of the late General Suwarow of infamous memory) and that they were marching through Galicia on their way to the French army. Prussia had not declared against France.
Mr. Washington Morton had arrived in Paris with Dispatches from our minister
at the court of Saint James' for General Armstrong.
We are further informed, that two or three American vessels had recently arrived at Amsterdam; but we are ignorant whether any change has taken place in the decrees of France favorable to the interest of the U. States.
Col. Burr had arrived at Stockholm, from England.
Captain Ward has requested us to state, that from the time of his arrival in L'Orient, until his departure for New York, he has received the most polite and friendly treatment and attention, from all the officers of government there, as well civil as military, and he wishes to avail himself of the first opportunity to make his grateful acknowledgments therefor.
The Paris papers we have received do not contain any intelligence worth translating except the French Bulletins, which we shall commence the publication of tomorrow. They reach to Number 22, and the last is dated Vienna, the 24th of June.
NEW YORK, August 5.
Letters received in this city from Paris, of so late a date as the 4th of July mention that negotiations for a commercial treaty between the United States and France had commenced between Gen. Armstrong and M. Haurive, who, during M. Champagny's absence at Vienna, filled the office of minister of exterior relations. An issue favorable to this country was expected with confidence.
The decree of September had been repealed; and colonial produce was permitted to go from Holland to France. This had caused a rise in the article of coffee from 10 to 25 per cent.
Prince Serge Galtzin published the following Proclamation on the entry of the Russian army into Galicia:
PROCLAMATION.
The war which has broken out between France and Austria could not be looked upon by Russia with an indifferent eye.
The last news that has been received in the grand-duchy, from the army of Prince Poniowski, informs us that he has made himself master of Brody, the last city of Galicia near the frontier, & that he found there considerable magazines, and provisions in abundance.
Every care and effort have been employed on our part to stifle the fire before it had entirely burst out in flame. It was made known, in the first instance, to the court of Austria, that by virtue of the most solemn treaties and engagements which subsisted between the two Emperors of Russia and of the French, Russia would act conjointly with France.
Austria wished not to regard the representations, which ought to have had great weight with her; but she disguised, under the pretext of a necessary defence, her warlike preparations, until the time when by aggressive proceedings she discovered the proud designs of her ambition, and lighted the torch of war.
Russia, in consequence, could not dispense with taking in that war a part which was founded on solemn treaties. On the first intelligence reaching her, she broke under those ties which had united her to Austria, and ordered her army to approach the frontiers of Galicia.
On entering this country to act against Austria, and to repel by force those troops she has brought into the field, the commander in chief of the army has the positive orders of his majesty the emperor to declare to the peaceable inhabitants of Galicia, and to assure them in the most solemn manner, that Russia entertains no enmity against any of them; and that the army in its movements, in whatever part it may be, will respect the personal security of all, assure property, and leave undisturbed the peace of the interior and the general tranquillity.
Head-quarters, 19th May, 1809.
FRENCH OFFICIAL BULLETINS.
To preserve entire the chain of operations of the French army in Germany
we have translated the official bulletins although they contain very little intelligence with the trouble of a translation from French papers.—Translated for the Mercantile Advertiser.
SEVENTEENTH BULLETIN.
Vienna, 8th June, 1809.
Colonel Gorgoli aide de camp to the Emperor of Russia has arrived at the imperial head quarters with a letter from his sovereign to the emperor or king—It announces that the Russian army is in the direction of Olmutz, having passed the frontier on the 24th of May.
The Emperor passed the day before yesterday in reviewing his guard, infantry, cavalry, and artillery. The habitans of Vienna have admired the number, the fine appearance, and the good conduct of these troops.
The vice-roy is with the army of Italy at Oedenbourg in Hungary. It appears that the archduke John intends to rally his army on the Raab.
The duke of Ragusa arrived at Laybach on the 3d of this month with the army of Dalmatia.
The heat is very great, and persons acquainted with the Danube say that an inundation may be expected here in a few days. We shall profit by this circumstance to finish, independently of the bridges of boats and rafts, the planting of piles.
All the intelligence we receive from the coast of the enemy announces that the cities of Presburg, Brunn & Znaim, are filled with the wounded. The Austrians themselves estimate their loss at 13000 men.
Prince Poniowski, with the army of the grand duchy of Warsaw, pursues his success. After the taking of Sandomir, he besieged the fortress of Zamosc and defeated the enemy, who lost 5000 men and 30 pieces of cannon. All the Poles who were with the Austrian army, deserted.
The enemy, after having shewn themselves before Thorn, have been vigorously pursued by general Dombrowski.
The Archduke Ferdinand did not retire without shame from his expedition. He is said to have arrived in Austrian Silesia, reduced to one third of his forces.
Count Metternich has arrived at Vienna. There will be an exchange at the advanced posts with the French legation to which in the Austrians (conary to the rights of men) had refused passports, and whom they had carried away to Pes.
EIGHTEENTH BULLETIN.
Vienna, 13th June, 1809.
The division of Gen. Chasteller, which revolted at Tyrol, passed thro' the neighbourhood of Clagenfurth on the 4th inst. on its way to Hungary. Gen. Rusca pursued and engaged it; the enemy was beaten; we took 900 prisoners.
Prince Eugene, with a considerable corps, is manoeuvring in the heart of Hungary.
Within a few days the Danube has risen one foot. General Gratein, with a Dutch division, having marched to Strausberg, where Schill had fortified himself, has carried his intrenchments by assault. Schill had given orders to set fire to the city in order to cover his retreat, but his band had not time to execute it; it has been entirely killed or taken: he himself was killed on the great square at the moment he was making his escape and was endeavouring to reach the port to embark.
The Archduke Ferdinand precipitately evacuated Warsaw June 2d. Thus the whole of the grand duchy is abandoned by the enemy's army, whilst the troops under the command of Prince Poniowski, occupy three fourths of Galicia.
Affairs of Poland.
The enemy continues his retreat with the same precipitation. On the 28th of May, twelve Polish spearmen upon reconnoitring duty met at Sarniewicz, one hundred and ten Austrian dragoons who were retreating towards Rava; they routed them, and made eleven prisoners. On the 30th, in the morning, Gen. Kosinski, commanding the advanced guard, after having entered Lwowicz, proceeded as far as Szechaczew, where he met with no more of them, who it appears are retreating to Polica. Some reports, however, seem to indicate that the main of the Austrian troops are bending their march towards Upper Silesia. They commit excesses every where—they carry away provisions, cattle and horses. The new levies of all the departments take place with the greatest rapidity and success.
The Archduke Ferdinand, in contempt of the convention made with Prince Poniowski, and the engagement he had taken not to levy any contribution, has exacted one of 40,000 florins on the city of Warsaw. He has moreover required that the territorial impositions and the residue of a forced loan established in 1808, and whose payments fall due only in 1810 should be delivered up to him. These measures foretold the evacuation of Warsaw, which followed soon after.
Prince Poniowski writes to the Prince of Neuchatel, from Head-quarters at Izbica, 25th May, that on the 24th the Gen. of brigade Rosicki rendered himself master of Jaroslaw where he has made one colonel, 25 officers and 900 men prisoners.

The occupation of that town, inter- rupts entirely the communication between Cracow and Leopold, and insures to the army the possession of three fourths of Galicia. The advanced posts were with- in one day's march of Cracow.
The latest news received in the grand duchy, from the army of Prince Poniatow- ski, mentions his having entered Brody, the last town of Galicia, near the frontiers, and that he has found there considerable magazines and abundance of provisions. ( Monsieur. )
NINETEENTH BULLETIN.
Vienna, 16th June, 1809.
The anniversary of the battle of Maren- go was celebrated by the victory of Raab, which the right wing of the army, com- manded by the Viceroy, obtained over the two corps of the Archduke John and of the Archduke Palatine, which had form- ed their junction.
Ever since the battle of Piava, the Vi- ceroys has been closely pursuing the Arch- duke John.
The Austrian army were expecting to take up their cantonments at the sources of the Raab, between St. Gothard and Cor- neuburg.
On the 5th June, the Viceroy set off from Neustadt and moved his head quarters to Oed-Neuburg in Hungary.
On the 7th he continued his movements and arrived at Guns. Gen. Lauriston, with his corps of observation, joined his left wing.
On the 8th, general Montbrun, with his division of light cavalry, forced the pas- sage of the Raabnitz, near Sovenhaga, o- verthrew 300 dragoons belonging to the Hungarian insurrection and drove them back upon the Raab.
On the 9th, the Viceroy marched against Sarvar. The cavalry of gen. Grouchy came up with the van of the enemy at Sar- var, and took some prisoners.
On the 10th, gen. Macdonald arrived at Coronord from Gratz.
On the 11th, the gen. of division Gre- nier met at Karako a column of the ene- my's flankers which defended the bridge, and crossed the river by main force. Gen. Debrec, with the 9th hussars made a spi- rited attack against a battalion of 900 men, and took 300 prisoners.
On the 12th, the army marched by the way of the bridge of Mersa against Papa. From the height, the Viceroy beheld all the enemy's army drawn up in line of bat- tle. The gen. of division, Montbrun, a general of Cavalry and officer of great pro- mise, entered the plain, attacked and o- verthrew the enemy's cavalry, after having executed several precise and vigorous ma- noeuvres. The enemy had already begun to retreat. The Viceroy passed the night at Papa.
On the 13th, at 5 o'clock in the morning, the army began its march towards Raab. Our cavalry and that of the Austrians met at the village of Szank. The enemy was routed and we took 400 prisoners.
The Archduke John having formed his junction with the Archduke Palatine near Raab, took a position upon the advan- tageous heights, his right protected by Raab, a fortified city, and his left covering the road of Comorn another fortress in Hunga- ry.
On the 14th, at eleven o'clock in the morning, the Viceroy drew out his army in line of battle, and with 35 000 men he attacked 50 000. The ardor of our troops was further augmented by the remem- brance of the memorable victory by which that day is consecrated. All the soldiers shouted with joy when they came in sight of the enemy's army, which was in three lines and consisted of from 20 to 25 000 men, being the remains of the brilliant ar- my of Italy, which so lately considered it- self as master of all Italy; of 10 000 men commanded by gen. Haddick and formed of the reserves in the Hungarian fortresses; of from 5 to 6 000 men, the rallied wrecks of the corps of Jelachich and of the other columns of the Tyrol, who had escaped from the movements of the army through the defiles of Carinthia; and of from 12 to 15 000 men of the Hungarian insurrection, ca- valry and infantry.
The Viceroy placed his army, the cav- alry of general Montbrun, the brigade of gen. Colbert and the cavalry of gen. Grou- chy upon his right; the corps of general Grenier, forming two echelons, the right of which consisted of the division of gen- eral Seras, in front; an Italian division, com- manded by gen. Baraguay d'Hilliers, form- ing the third echelon, and the division of general Puchot in reserve. General Lau- riston with his corps of observation, sup- ported by general Sahuc, formed the ex- treme of the left wing and observed Raab.
At two o'clock in the afternoon the can- ons began to play. At 3 o'clock, the first, the second and the third echelons were en- gaged. The fire of musketry became ve- ry brisk; the enemy's first line was forced, but the second time stopped for a moment the impetuosity of our first echelon, which was soon reinforced and that line was also routed. The enemy's reserve was then brought into action. The Viceroy who followed all the enemy's movements, mar- ched on his side with his reserve; the strong position of the Austrians was carri- ed, and at 4 o'clock the victory was deci- ded.
The enemy being completely routed, would have found considerable difficulty in retiring if a defile had not obstructed the movements of our cavalry. Three thousand prisoners, 6 pieces of cannon and 4 stand of colors are the trophies of this battle. The enemy left on the field of battle 3000 kil- led, among whom was found a Major Gen- eral. Our loss in killed and wounded, ac- cording to 900 men. Among the former is Col. Thierry, of the 2d. regiment of light infantry, and among the latter, the gene- ral of brigade Talentin, and Col. Expert.
The Viceroy makes particular mention of generals Grenier, Montbrun, Seras and Dumouiers. The Italian division Savaroni displayed a great deal of precision and pre- sence of mind. Several generals had their horses killed under them; four Aid-de- camps to the Viceroy were slightly woun- ded. The Prince was constantly in the very heat of the battle. The artillery, commanded by General Sorbier, maintain- ed their reputation.
The field of battle of Raab had been long marked out by the enemy, for he had some time before the battle announced his intention of maintaining that strong posi- tion. On the 15th, he was closely pursued upon the road of Comorn and Pest.
The inhabitants of the country are quiet and do not take any part in the war. The proclamation of the Emperor has agitated their minds. It is well known that the Hungarian nation have always been de- sires of their independence. The part of the insurrection which is now with the ar- my, was raised by the last diet; it is un- der arms and it obeys.
BALTIMORE, May 7.
SERIOUS INTIMATIONS.
Extract of a Letter dated Paris June 12, 1809.
[Communicated for the Federal Ga- zette.]
"The public papers will have ap- prized you, of the events which have taken place on the Danube. But they will not inform you of the whole truth. It is said, that our loss has been 40, 000 men; but I think it is exaggerat- ed by a fourth. What I know well, however, is, that the Empress wished to repair to Vienna, near the Emperor, which he prevented. The reason is that he would have it believed that HIS WOUND does not prevent him from commanding in person. Whereas, if the Empress were with him, the army would think that the wound was dan- gerous; while not seeing her, nine tenths of the soldiers do not know that he was wounded on the 23d of last month. A prefect of the palace, one of my friends, has just set out for the army. He assures me that they have no solicitude about the life of the Em- peror, and that in despite of his Phy- sicians, he is occupied night and day with the Prince of Neufchatel (Ber- thier) in the care of his army, which he wishes to re-assume the offensive.
His majesty does not conceal the in- quietude which the North of Germany occasions him. He says emphatically that campaign which is to be the last, gives him more solicitude than all the others together. We are here with- out fear, and without inquietude. Touching the result of the war, we feel confidence in the talents and the fore- sight of that astonishing man; and we rely upon the fidelity of Russia—Al- though some evil wishers, without doubt in the pay of England, have endeav- ored to cloud the subject by doubts. The credulous Gapers (Gobe-mouches) of the suburbs of St. Germain (precincts of Paris) regard the Russian armies as already united to those of Austria, and the French troops as dri- ven back to the borders of the Rhine. It must be acknowledged, that we had fears for a moment for the Grand Ar- my, at the first intelligence of the bat- tle of the Danube; but all has been dis- sipated by the 10th and subsequent bulletins. Private letters have been detained; but have at length arrived, and the truth is nearly known. Com- merce is at an end. The maritime cities are totally ruined, and without remedy, should this state of things continue another year. Already some reports have arisen of insurrections in the South and the West of France; but those reports are stifled. It was said that troops went from Spain to appease the troubles of the South, and that others, destined for Spain, had received counter orders in the en- virons of Bordeaux to pass into the department of the West; but it is thought all that is at an end. What af- flicts the Fathers of families, is that a new conscription is on foot. In that case, your Nephew, Augustus, will be taken, although he is not 18 years old. He swears that he will not march; and it is to be presumed that he will have many imitators."
Austrian official accounts of the battles of the 21st and 22d of May.
BRIESENKEE, May 23.
The French army, commanded by the Emperor Napoleon in person, has been totally beaten on the 21st and 22d of this month, at Aspern and Essling, by the Austrian army, commanded by the Arch Duke Charles. Several days before the two sanguinary ones, the French army had prepared a grand at- tack, by movements and demonstra- tions upon a line six or eight leagues opposite Vienna, above and below that city. The Archduke who on the 16th and 17th of May had collected and concentrated the columns of his army in a line parallel with the left bank, was eager only to second the ardor of his troops to come in contact with the enemy, and to take their revenge for the battles of the 19th, 20th, 21st and 22d of April. The opportunity was afforded them on the 20th.
The Emperor Napoleon evinced a determination to pass the Danube by a bridge, whose right was upon Labou, an isle of the Danube, two leagues long and three fourths wide. It is be-
low Vienna, and a league and a half distant by the right bank and the e- leagues by the left; the Danube mak- ing an arm, whose angles both inside and outside, served for a support to the development of the French army. The archduke did not attempt to op- pose the passage. The French troops who had already debouched, and who took part in the battle of the 21st, chief- ly consisted of three divisions, gens. Legrand's, St. Cyr's and Molitor's and a strong body of cavalry. It was thought at first, by the movements of the French army, that it wished to push its line upon the village of As- pern on its left, and on the village of Essling, a little more advanced, on its right.
The two armies began the battle a- bout 4 P. M. on the 21st—and after the most obstinate resistance, the French army was driven back to the Danube, with the exception of the ex- tremity of the wood on the bank, where they continued to maintain themselves—The firing had lasted without interruption until 11 at night, and night alone prevented us from clearing the banks of the Danube.
On the 22d at 4 P. M. the attack re- commenced: In the mean time the emperor Napoleon had brought all his army both upon the Labou and in front of the Danube, and it resumed the same line as on the preceding day. His force was on that day 80 000.— Besides the French corps, he had brought over part of the Bavarians, and the Baden and Hesse Darmstadt con- tingents. A part of his guards and all his cuirassiers and heavy cavalry were in the field.
The emperor Napoleon had proceed- ed to the left bank of the Danube, and directed all the movements of his ar- my. At first the latter had some ad- vantage, and ordered the cavalry to charge and support the infantry, which had reinforced itself in Essling, and had again taken post in Aspern; but the repeated charges of the cavalry could not pierce our centre. Here Prince John of Lichtenstein command- ed, to whom the victory is in a great measure to be attributed.
The Austrian infantry who on this brilliant day, performed prodigies of valor, formed quickly en masse, and sustained all the shocks of the cavalry without suffering themselves to be pen- etrated. The admirable fire of our artillery soon thinned the ranks of the cavalry. In fine our reserve of gren- adiers was put in motion to retake As- pern for the last time, which in the space of 24 hours, had been taken & retaken 10 times; and to carry Es- sling where every house had, as it were been taken by storm.
The stoutest resistance was a large building at Essling, which had been a magazine for corn, and which by its thickness was proof against bullets, and the fire of the artillery. All the French who were in Aspern and Es- sling perished, either in the attack or in the flames that consumed entirely these two places. The streets as well as the road that communicates from one to the other were choked with cui- rassiers, their arms and horses. Our infantry had at length made itself mas- ters of these two principal posts, and overthrew every thing that was oppo- sed to it. The enemy, therefore, per- ceiving that his communication with the Danube was threatened, hastened his retreat. At 4 in the afternoon he was repulsed at all points and in the evening he re-crossed to the Lobau, leaving on the field of battle a great number dead and wounded, cannon, an infinity of Cuirasses and muskets.
Since the night of the 22d our army has encamped on the field of battle, which extends along the Danube. The greater part of prisoners we have made are cavalry and light infantry. General Durosnel, first equerry, and governor of the pages of the emperor Napoleon, doing the duty of one of his aide de camps in the battle, was taken on the 22d at 5 in the morning, at the moment he had taken an order for the French to advance; he was immediately surrounded by the dra- goons of the regiment of Riech. Ge- neral Foulon, first equerry of the em- press, was wounded and taken on the 21st.
Gen. de Roder in the service of the king of Wirtemberg, was taken on the 21st at Husdorf, by the second battal- ion of the Landwehr of Vienna. The three generals have been sent to Brunn. Among the wounded who are in our ranks, and who were taken on the sec- ond day, there are a great number of officers of the cuirassiers, several of whom are of the etat major. They are of the regiments of the army who have most suffered on the 21st and 22d, and from the report of the pri- soners they are reduced below a third of their number.
All our attacks have been conduct- ed and executed with a brilliant valor, and that cool intrepidity which laughs
at danger, and triumphs over every obstacle. From the general to the private, every body done more than his duty; and there were as many behave men as there were combatants. Our loss is great both in killed and wounded. Those of the enemy, if we may judge from the field of battle, must have been immense.
Domestic.
PHILADELPHIA, Aug. 7.
Mr. Gelston, who has aived in the Men- tor, from L'Orient, passed through Phi- ladelphia on Saturday morning for Wash- ington, on the 4th of the month preceding he was at Paris.
Some private letters have been received by the Mentor at New York, and in this city, which give a more propitious aspect to our affairs in Europe. We have for the present a prospect of not being involved with more than one of the powers of Eu- rope; a few days since the aspect of things menaced a war with all the belligerents.
The exact situation of our political re- lations, and the frauds practiced upon us by the British government, appear to have been very early known and properly es- timated at Paris, and it appears that M. Hauterive (well known for his celebrated political work, " The State of France in the year 3. ") Mr. Hauterive was for- merly consul of France and resided in N. York, his knowledge of the United States, the nature of its government render his ap- pointment peculiarly judicious, he has been appointed to enter into an investigation of the matters of dispute between the U. S. and France; Mr. Hauterive may be considered as next to Chenagny in the bureau for foreign affairs, and he has been appointed to the business of this negotia- tion, by a special order from the emperor, of the date of the 18th May, at Schoen- brunn.
The maintenance of the non-intercourse with France, while it was wrought upon a ministerial promise with regard to En- gland, excited for a short time some hostile dispositions in France towards the Ameri- can government—but the speech of Lord Bathurst, Mr. Canning, and the hostility of the merchants at the London river, immediately removed the impression that the American government had entered into secret arrangements hostile to France—a sentiment which was propagated in France with great industry, and several printed letters, inculcating this idea, were issued at Paris, and put into circulation through the sea-ports—these letters, which were first attributed to the French bureau, and considered by many even of our American residents in France, as the precursors of hostility—are now considered as part of the machinery of espionage and fraud carried on by the British government—Some of the letters are said to have been sent to the U. States—and unless they should appear too clumsy, we may expect to see them in some of the British prints at Boston or N. York.
The American vessels which enter the ports of France, are not suffered to depart, nor will they be liberated, it appears, while our interdiction of commerce with them continues.
The ports of Holland, however, are said to be open in consequence of the law of Congress having opened intercourse with that country—but though ships are admit- ted, goods are not suffered to be sold, until an arrangement takes place, on the subject of neutral commerce.—Aurora.
BALTIMORE, August 2.
From the Federal Republican.
A paragraph in your paper of Sa- turday last, says, "It is confidently asserted here that the Secretary of State, has acknowledged that Mr. Erskine acted without the authority of his government, and that it was known to our cabinet at that time." —At what time—previous to, and at the time the stipulations were entered into and mutually agreed upon by our administration and Mr. Erskine, as a pledge, and the immediate precursor of the adjustment of all of our differ- ence with England, would be the in- ference naturally drawn from the piece alluded to—that this assertion should obtain credit from any of my fellow citizens, the least conversant with the affairs of our general government can scarcely be believed. Yet it may be necessary to state to you, for the in- formation of the good people of Mary- land unequivocally, that the instruc- tions of Mr. Canning to Mr. Erskine, were not seen by the President of the United States nor any of the Cabinet Ministers—and if I may be permitted at this time to express an opinion, it was not necessary they should. Mr. Erskine being the representative of the British nation, whose authority is immediately derived from that govern- ment, and which authority has long since been acknowledged by ours, and could not be at any time previous to his being re-called, or regularly dis- missed. Questioned by any officer in this country to his declaration and acts as the British minister, due cre- dit ought, and was given by the Presi- dent of the United States and his ca- binet—it may be necessary to add with equal truth, that Mr. Erskine in all his conversation and letters on this subject said he was fully authorised to make the arrangements he did. The partiality I feel for the interest of my country and the regard I have for the maintainance of the honour and
dignity of the American character and government could alone induce me to send you this communication. Your regard for truth in addition to the above motives, will induce you to give it a place in your paper.
A Citizen of Baltimore.
From the Aurora.
MR. JACKSON.
What is our situation now?
It is announced that the British govern- ment has recalled their minister Erskine, and have sent another it is said a certain Mr. Jackson, in his place. Who is this Mr. Jackson? Does this gentleman's char- acter stand so high in public estimation, is his character so immaculate as to im- press on the minds of all the world or at least the American world, a full and en- tire conviction of the truth of every word and syllable which he shall utter?
Has he been chosen, above all others, to reconcile us to the belief of what Mr. Canning, the British premier, has asser- ted; and to believe that Mr. Erskine is a fool or a cheat?
Who is this Mr. Jackson—is this the same who flourished some years since in the correspondence with the band of spies in Germany? Is this the Mr. Jackson who, in his correspondence with a British spy at Paris, urged the stirring up of a ci- vil war in that country, and the assassina- tion of the emperor? Is this the Mr. Jack- son whose original letters were shown to all the diplomatic corps then at Paris? Is this the Mr. Jackson who preceded Lord Cabaret at Copenhagen?
We have a faint recollection, that after the attempt to assassinate Bonaparte failed, and the author of the conspiracy was dis- covered, that a declaration was published against a man of the name of Jackson, and importing that the reception of such a man as a minister by any court in Eu- rope, would be considered as a declaration of war against France.—Is this the same Jackson? we do not know that it is; but if it be the same, then we perceive that such a resort, after the failure of Picken- ry's revolution in the eastern states; is such a measure, as might be expected from the confederates of Copenhagen.
If such is the man—contemptible indeed must Mr. secretary Canning think the government and people of the United States; when he ventured to send such a man on such an embas- sy, at such a time—is it possible, my countrymen, that
THIS IS OUR SITUATION?
Virginia Argus.
RICHMOND.
FRIDAY, August 11, 1809.
Extract of a letter from Washington City to the Editor of the Argus, dated Aug. 8th, 1809.
"I understand that it was not the inten- tion of the President to return to Washing- ton immediately on the rumor of Jackson's coming as ambassador from the court of London—but the arrival of Mr. Coles from France has induced him to repair thither— and, accordingly, he has arrived. The Heads of Departments are now all here— and, of course, there is a full cabinet. I have heard of no conjecture relative to the result of its deliberations. But, do you not think, my dear sir, that we have talk- ed enough? I think the witty Salmagundi shewed considerable knowledge of our char- acter, when he remarked that we were a nation of Slang Whanglers—a droll phrase, but very descriptive of our political opera- tions."
The writers on the federal side of the po- litical questions of the day, have been bus- ily employed in drawing a parallel between the rejection of a treaty before ratification and the rejection of Mr. Erskine's arrange- ment by Mr. Canning. The attempt is in- sidious, and well calculated to make a di- version in the popular mind in favor of the English; but the cases are totally dissimi- lar, and this is a fact that is well worthy of public consideration.
Treaties are never binding until they are ratified and exchanged by the respective contracting parties; and there is always a clause inserted in every treaty between civilized powers, which provides that the treaty shall become binding when ratified, &c. and not before. This is the notorious custom in treaty-making. In truth, no man of sense presumes to act upon the provisions of a treaty before it is published by authori- ty, which is never done until the ratifica- tions are formally exchanged. Or, per- haps in strictness we should say, until the exchange of ratifications there is no treaty; there exists nothing more than a project : of course, no body can be deceived.
The case of Mr. Erskine was of a differ- ent nature entirely. He resided near the American government, as the avowed, the accredited minister of Great Britain. The station which he occupied was not that of a maker of treaties, which should be sub- ject to revision in England; but whatso- ever he did here was understood to be done there. His transactions in this country were regarded as final and binding on his sove- reign; he was the immediate representa- tive of majesty, and our government held intercourse with him in the same way that they would have held it with the King of England in person. Such, according to the laws, the customs, and the usages of nations.
Perhaps the Essex-Juno writers may elude the force of this remark by insinuating that the British are Barbarians. If they do, we shall not dispute much about it.

one, was the character and standing of Mr. Erskine. In this capacity he made an official and formal proposition to our executive: there was nothing in the proposition itself which could create a suspicion that it was not fully authorised; it was neither improper nor impossible; on the contrary it was, as far as it went, consonant to justice, but, if any thing, short of what the United States had a clear right to demand from G. Britain. It was so considered by the English party in this country; and it was so considered by the people of England, who received the news of the arrangement with illuminations and every demonstration of joy. The proposition was accepted by our government; the terms were reduced to writing, there was no proviso for a ratification in England, and the publication of the correspondence (which never takes place in preliminary arrangements) mutually agreed upon by Mr. Smith and Mr. Erskine, announced that the proposition, as far as it went, was definitively concluded and absolutely binding on the government of Great Britain. If Mr. Erskine had, in any particular, exceeded his instructions, that was an affair exclusively between himself and his government—but under such a proviso , the laws of nations, the customs of diplomacy, and the rights of a whole people, are not to be infringed. In these circumstances, an honorable government would recall its minister and punish him, but at all events adhere to his arrangement—not only because it was just, but because it is exceedingly dangerous to break in upon established usages for the sake of temporary advantages. At the same time an honest ministry would not, upon the recall of the offending ambassador, appoint an incendiary in his place—particularly if the restoration of harmony were desirable.
FOR THE ARGUS.
FUTURE POLICY OF THE U. STATES, or Ways and Means of finally adjusting our Differences with G. Britain.
EVERY man of ordinary understanding who is in the habit of attending to the entire progress of any business, is usually enabled to make wise reflections on the fitness or inadequacy of the means employed for the attainment of its object. But what avails it, to point out defects in the measures employed, and the advantages of those which have been rejected, when the result is already declared, and the consequences are become irremediable?
It is foolish, therefore, to spend time in telling over what better measures might have been adopted on the commencement of the late negotiation. Its integrity is already violated; and all these considerations will afford no means of helping us out of our present difficulties; or of putting our country in a better state of defence; or of forcing our adversary to do us justice.
Whether our chief executive magistrate, therefore, has acted with sufficient circumspection in the late negotiation, is a thing that we shall not here stop to enquire; and were we even ready for such discussion, from the want of the publication of the whole of Mr. Erskine's instructions, we have not as yet sufficient data to enable us to determine. But when we reflect that Mr. Madison, as a public character, in times of the most trying difficulty, has evinced the greatest extent of political ability, combined with the highest degree of domestic worth; we have the strongest probability which any reasoning deduced from the analogy of human character will admit of; that he has during the late negotiation behaved with his usual circumspection of conduct, and the most rigid integrity of intention of intention. But whether he has or has not, is quite foreign to our present purpose.
Since the disavowal of Mr. Erskine's authority in the late negotiation, it has been repeatedly asked—What must we do? What course must we pursue? and what measures should we adopt? These are all important enquiries; and to these we think there has been as yet, no answer returned.
We are well aware of the hazard we run by offering any opinion and by proposing any measure in the great and trying circumstances of national danger. We know that there are some who, lying claim to superior talents, and wrapping themselves up in all the solemnity of contemptuous silence, are ready to censure any proposition that does not flow from that illuminated intellect for which they claim such deferential homage; and that there are others who are in the habit of criticising any plan, the combination of whose parts they are incapable of understanding and whose results they are unable to foresee. Though each may prudently consult by the observation of a sullen silence pretensions to wisdom that he does not possess; yet in such occasions, as it is important to the people to form some decision; he who from amidst the fragments of various plans throws out an idea, which may become either a principal or an accessory in the adoption of after-measures for the political safety, has offered his mite to the united wisdom of his country and as far as in him lay, has contributed to its welfare.
These considerations are become important to every man in the present situation of our country. And though the doors of negotiation are still kept open, yet from the obstinacy with which the British government persists in maintaining her unjust pretensions; and from the perseverance with which our cabinet continues to demand reparation for wrongs sustained, and the renunciation of their principles, as a guarantee against future commissions; there appears very little prospect of bringing our differences to a close by the continuance of further negotiation: yet as G. Britain purports sending another minister, whether to adjust those differences or for other motives, with which we profess not to be acquainted; it becomes us, whilst we receive him and still grasp at every hope of pacification; to take every rational measure for our national defence: that should we happen to be disappointed in our pacific expectations we may not by leaving our country unprotected, be finally subjected to the worst possible
misfortune; that of being obliged to submit to the terms dictated by a victorious adversary.
We have an immense extent of sea coast; and he who probably shall be our future enemy, is the first naval power in the world. We have also an extensive western frontier inhabited by hordes of savages. And our enemy from possessing an immense territory on our N. Western boundary, and from its proximity of situation to those parts in the possession of the aborigines of the country, will be always enabled to maintain a great ascendancy in their councils, and of operating through the principles of hope and fear, on their fickleness, insincerity, and thirst for war, which are qualities that ever distinguish man in the rude stages of being. He will therefore generally be enabled in the case of a rupture between the two countries, to persuade those savages to make inroads on our frontiers, and thus procure a diversion of our arms on that quarter in his favor.
What, therefore, are the best modes of national defence? is a question that naturally arises from this view of our situation.
Our line of sea coast from the rivers St. Croix to St. Mary's, extends in length to upwards of 1500 miles. For its protection there have been as yet suggested but two modes of defence: a navy, or a strong line of military works. And as both these require immense sums, and much time for their completion, in the case of urgent danger their practicability cannot become so much as a subject for our consideration.
G. Britain is at present the first naval power in the world: and notwithstanding the immense numbers of sailors and mariners to which commerce gives employment; yet the present greatness of its naval force has been the effect of an unwearied attention on the part of its successive princes for upwards of two centuries. That we, therefore, from our immediate resources should be able to equip a navy powerful enough to contend with England, is a thought that could have only entered into the brain of some maniac.
In regard to the erection of a chain of military posts along our sea board, not much can be said for its adoption as a present measure of national defence. If the works be not sufficiently strong to resist predatory attacks, instead of preventing they would only serve to invite aggression. And a chain of forts or other military works sufficient to protect our coast from sudden invasion, both require such a length of time and such immense sums for their construction; that the erection of such works along a coast of 1500 miles, would prove to us in case of a sudden declaration of war, a measure equally impracticable with the equipment of a navy.
As to what respects the erection of military works; the first and most obvious consideration that prudence would suggest, would be the erection of such works in places, where from their exposed situation, a valuable commerce may be liable to suffer from the sudden attacks of an enemy.
For this end the best measure appears to be, the erection of small forts or batteries on the commanding sites of our rivers and navigable waters; and to protect their navigation by booms, chevaux de frize, naval horns, &c. or by stationing gun boats in our creeks and neighboring shoal waters. These, from the nature of the moveable defence they afford, are well adapted to protect our harbors and rivers from the attacks of an enemy's privateers.
But all these means are only calculated to defend us from predatory insults; they are incapable in their own nature of withstanding the regular attacks of fleets, or of powerful naval expeditions. And yet against these we must provide as well as defend our western and northern frontiers from the inroads of the British and their Indian allies.
A measure occurs for the complete attainment of the last of these objects. To wrest her possessions on our N. Western frontier from G. Britain. This has been thought of by some; but they have been affrighted, by the supposed strength of the enemy's military positions and fortresses, combined with that natural barrenness which is supposed to be consequent upon so northern a climate.
Those men find arguments for their fears, in the ancient military strength of Quebec, and in that annoyance which the old Canadians and Acadians have so often given to English Western and Northern settlements. But the times are changed, and the political situations of both countries are entirely reversed.
Quebec in the time of Wolfe was only strong in the direction of the river from which it was attacked: during the American war it must have fallen had not Montgomery been slain, and even then our troops had entered and formed a lodgement in its works; and it was only in consequence of being left unsupported by the panic occasioned by the death of that gallant chief that they were compelled to surrender.
But we are not at present under the necessity of using all the exertions which the British were forced to employ in their first attempts on Canada: nor consequently shall we be reduced to the same distress by the prosecution of the war. They were obliged to redouble their exertions previous to the closing of the St. Laurence by the ice. This would at once shut them up for one half the year from all hopes of supplies, or even of a return to Europe in the case of adverse fortune. To us, all these circumstances are advantageous. If we will first begin by the conquest of Upper Canada, to which we can transport troops from almost every state in the union on the rivers of our western country with the intermission of a few short portages; we shall straiten the supplies of the lower country and render it entirely dependent on Europe. It is in the direction of this quarter that we should prepare our magazines and military stores; and our line of march would be much shortened by taking this route if in case of the breaking out of a war we should make any hostile attempt on the British N. American possessions.
Were we even obliged to carry on the war during the winter; the cold of Canada would not prove so destructive to us as to the enemy. It would prevent them from receiving supplies from Great Britain; and
experience has demonstrated that troops suffer less in winter encampments from the excessive cold than from the excess & low grounds of Poland have proved greater obstacles to the French armies during a winter campaign than the Alps snows, or hard winters on the Danube.
Besides, the overrunning of this country cannot be a measure of any difficulty; as the mass of its population has been formerly citizens of the U. States and have emigrated thither from the Eastern States of the Union; either on account of the facility of obtaining lands in this country, or because of its superior quality. These persons must be still expected to retain some attachment toward their native country; so that if they shall not immediately declare in favour of an expedition; at least they will not oppose it. For the reduction therefore of Upper Canada, a couple of Brigades must be thought sufficient, to get possession of the forts that command the rivers and bays upon its lakes.
The conquest of Nova Scotia will indeed prove an undertaking of greater difficulty. But this itself demonstrates its importance to our enemy and relative value to us when we shall have wrested it from them.
Halifax is the great naval station of the British fleet in the western hemisphere; and has emphatically been called the Gibraltar of America. Its possession therefore is become as important to us as that celebrated fortress is to the Spanish nation.
From the peculiar geographical position of that port and from its very high tides, it continues open through all the seasons of the year; when our harbors situated in more southern latitudes are entirely locked up by ice. Hence it serves as a place of equipment to the British fleet; whence they are ever ready to issue forth to the annoyance of our domestic and foreign trade.
Great Britain boasted that our restrictive measures of embargo and non-intercourse, had no pressure on her West India islands; that they were supplied from Canada and Nova Scotia with the necessary articles of bread, lumber and cattle. And now in case, Sweden declares war against her, she will have again, recourse to those countries for naval stores. It is therefore our business by wresting those possessions from her, to make her feel the real pressure of our political power; and take away one source of that insolence which continues to be so strongly felt all over the civilized world.
Besides the motives already alleged we have others that should strongly influence us to attempt the conquest of those settlements. Their possession would entirely destroy the smuggling system which has lately been carried to such an enormous extent in open violation of our laws; and would remove a great source of British influence in this country.
The possession of Upper Canada, from the water communication of the lakes; and from its proximity to the numerous rivers which intersect in various directions our western territory, will always ensure to its occupiers a convenient position for attacking our frontiers on that quarter; so that the only cheap and sure provision we can make against the apprehension of such aggressions, is to get the country into our own possession.
But there are many who say that our territory is already too extensive; and that we would weaken instead of strengthening ourselves by this acquisition. This we deny. Is it the way to defend an extensive territory, to suffer a neighbouring power with the most hostile intentions, to fortify himself both by length of time and increase of population, on an unguarded frontier; so that if at any time he shall choose to annoy us in any of our weak points, we shall find that he is sufficiently powerful to do it with impunity? Would it be wise in the United States, because of its present unoccupied territory, to suffer a foreign power to get possession of some of the vast tracts of our western wilderness? Such a settlement for the next half century would appear no ways formidable; and yet it would entail on our posterity a counterpart of those wars, which have so often ravaged Europe from the vicinity of so many small and independent governments. The way therefore to prevent the recurrence of the like evils in this country is to break the dependence of Canada upon a foreign power: whether this is to be done by force of arms, or by confederation; by admitting them in time to become a part of the transatlantic union.
I know that the idea of conquest is shocking to republicans: but the overrunning of the British possessions in North America, would be only to break the chains of oppression: to make the people from the condition of subjects, become citizens; and their country from being a province, become a state sovereign and independent.
The people of that country are prone to revolution and willing to embrace the cause of the U. States for many reasons. There is a natural antipathy subsisting between Frenchmen and their descendants; and the people of Great Britain. The persecutions of the Acadians are well remembered; and though by the Quebec act of 1774, a semblance of religious & political freedom was granted them; yet their ancient prejudices have not as yet been surmounted, or their ancient sufferings forgotten. Of their little attachment towards the British government and of their readiness to enter into a confederacy with the U. States, we have a modern instance. After the attack on the Chesapeake, the militia refused to volunteer against the United States, and in consequence laid down their arms on the place of master.
But it will be said that the revenue derived from the country will not be sufficient to support the expenses of its government: and that its exports are not of sufficient value to be an object of any nation.
The exports of Canada and Nova Scotia amount to nearly half a million of £ and of this sum the single article of Peatry amounted to £300,000, a sum which exceeded the exports of Massachusetts in 1791, & at present even equals the exports of some of the states of the Union. But if the amount of its exports are so great at present, laboring as it does under all the effects of monopolies and incorporated companies; we can well imagine what would be the increase of the national wealth of the country on the introduction of a free government; when its industry would be freed from those shackles.
The fisheries, on the coast and the fur trade would be in themselves invaluable acquisitions to this country. The first would be an increase to our trade to the south of Europe and to the Levant; and the other to our exports for the East Indies.
But it is an important question, to know what number of troops would be sufficient to reduce those countries. It has been affirmed by some able writers that the N. England states are alone adequate to the reduction of Nova Scotia; and a few detachments from the middle and southern states sent forward by the rivers of the Western country, would shortly conquer Upper Canada. As for the reduction of the lower province of that name; perhaps the river St. Lawrence should be the utmost boundary, the arms of the United States should attempt to pass. This is a good natural frontier; and the reduction of the British provinces on the eastern bank of that river, would render the possession of the remainder of very little value to the British. This river is frozen over six months in the year, and when we shall once become masters of her ports on the Atlantic, it would become the interest of Great Britain herself, to cede to us the remainder, and thus be freed from the expense of its maintenance. But however this may be, should we once possess ourselves of the provinces I have mentioned, her remaining settlements would fall into our hands of course, whenever we would have an inclination to take them.
In the event of a war between the two countries, though Great Britain by the time we have allowed her, may be said to have anticipated an attack on that quarter, yet in case of a defeat, she will be little able to augment her troops so as to face any force which we can bring into the field.
She has carried on wars in Europe by subsidies, but in Canada, there are no men to be procured for money; and menaced as she is both abroad and at home with destruction; she dare not venture to reduce her military establishment to large draughts to carry on a war in this country.
But she will fit out expeditions and burn our towns. This becomes our next topic for consideration.
Expeditions, as they are attended with vast expense, in the hire of transports purchase of artillery, camp equipage, &c. are seldom used unless to land troops, to defend an important acquisition, to get possession of the capital of some country, or to destroy an hostile fleet or army. But for the sole object of plundering or burning a petty town, no cabinet that is conducted on the principles of policy will think it prudent to spend millions in order to do a slight injury to its enemy. This is the reason that the resumption of the Norwegian method of warfare that has been suggested by Nelson, has never met the approbation of the English government. If we will therefore fortify our small harbors and sea port towns in such a manner, as that they shall be able to resist the sudden attempts of privateers, or even one or two ships of force: we need be under little apprehension of their suffering from large armaments. And perhaps after all, when we shall have exhausted the resources of art in their defence; we shall not be quite secure against the destruction of that property for which we have underwent so much expense and trouble. Fleets and armies can now a days by bombs and shells burn towns they cannot enter: and though we might place great confidence in the strength of their military works; yet we know of no manner of defending towns that has hitherto been discovered, that will ensure the preservation of the property that is contained within them.
The best mode that has been found out in modern days of protecting a coast or frontier not sufficiently guarded by military works has been the establishment of camps along the coasts or frontiers of the country liable to invasion. This measure, from the intelligence which is so easily transmitted by telegraphic communications, has all the advantages of a stationary force; and from the nature of its establishment, armies are enabled to act separately or conjointly for the defence of any important possession.
To us in our present circumstances, this appears a measure the most advisable for our adoption: and though the low situation of the sea board in some of our S. states is unfavorable to the erection of signal posts: yet if we will not bring them into general use along our coast; nothing hinders their particular adoption in places where we shall have particular encampments.
Did we wish to act aggressively against the British possessions in N. America, besides the force required in that quarter, we perhaps shall also find those encampments necessary in the far those parts of our country for the protection of our sea ports. And were our chief maritime towns sufficiently strong to resist a coup-de-main, an army encamped in the vicinity, would sufficiently deter any naval power from fitting expeditions to burn our cities. Besides, there are motives of policy that must and will influence Great Britain. The demolition of some of our towns, would be the ruin of many of our merchants; and then such of her subjects as are their creditors must consequently suffer by their losses; thus she would indirectly become the author of their misfortune. Some politicians therefore say, that it was a consideration of this kind that prevented the demolition of Cadiz in the last war; and that notwithstanding all the advantages that city possesses both from nature & art; that the effects of the few bombs that Nelson sent the Dons as a present, sufficiently demonstrates the practicability of the attempt.
These encampments will of course be composed of militia or of volunteers; and will have surprising effects on the discipline and regularity of our armies. The introduction of the hunting shirt, (that honorable uniform of the patriots of the revolution) will destroy those personal distinctions, that at present subsist from the party coloured clothing of those troops. A regular uniform by assimilating each man to his fel-
low, will break those distinctions that will even exist between the rich and the poor, the well dressed and the ill dressed among troops where an uniformity of living, is not made an essential article of the military code. Encampments will accustom the men to subordination, and will promote that benevolence and good fellowship, which in all countries are the characteristic qualities that distinguish a soldier.
The doubling the number of private men in each company and regiment of the present establishment, would promote a great saving in the national expenditure. It would free the government from the pay of officers to a large amount; and the officers from many superfluous expenses.
With these and similar reductions, the establishment of an army would be reduced to the lowest possible expense; and the country would suffer little by its maintenance when subsisted in the most economical manner.
What will be the necessary expenses of 60, or 80, or 100,000 men, the reports of our national departments sufficiently inform us.
The committee of Congress for the naval and military establishments, of which Mr. Nelson was chairman, made a report Dec. 26 1809, of a proposition for raising 60,000 volunteers. According to the plan there laid down, the first year's expense of those troops would not exceed 2,100,000 dollars; and the expense of the second about 800,000 dollars.
But as those troops, according to the proposition of the report, were not to be mustered more than 6 days in each year, nor encamped more than 30 days annually in their respective states; in case of actual hostilities, a stationary force would also be necessary; we should, therefore, put 40,000 additional troops on a permanent establishment. These, with the volunteers already mentioned, if encamped at proper points through out our maritime country, would secure us against every maritime expedition or invasion, and would chastise such if attempted.
In point of expense, the support of such a military force will not have an extraordinary pressure on our country; and how we are to procure a revenue sufficient for its support, coupled with the expenses of the present peace establishment, the report of the Secretary of the Treasury of the date of the 5th of last November will inform us.
But whatever the expenses may prove, as the credit of the United States is undiminished; and we have borne with insufferable patience to that extreme point at which patience is nearly exhausted; whenever we will declare war, we shall have no reason to reproach ourselves with having commenced hostilities from vain and unsubstantial motives.
Our independence as a sovereign power has not been merely questioned, but denied in practice. We have been debarred the right of disposing of the fruits of our industry, in the manner which we consider the most advantageous to our national welfare. Whilst we have been prohibited by the aggressions of a foreign power from affording that reciprocal protection to our citizens which every government owes its subjects: When from absence and negotiation have, notwithstanding, proved attractive, and hope is quite exhausted; at whatever time we shall unsheath the sword; we have the consolation for that it shall be done only in defence of our independent sovereignty as a nation: that if our sisters have computed for freedom rather than for life; it becomes us not tamely to yield up that bequest which so many of them have purchased at the price of their blood: that if liberty, which has survived her banished from the other three quarters of the globe, cannot here in this land of freemen or a resting place; that mankind are formed to be slaves, and that freedom is a blessing of which they are not worthy.
But after all this our sincere opinion is, that if anonymous and vigorous measures be pursued, but our adversary dare no longer a war with this country; or that if he has the folly to do it; that the Eagles of the Union shall shortly after, wave on his fortresses in North America.
E. M.
LANDS FOR SALE. —The subscribers, attorneys in fact, for C. J. John Simon Farley, and his sister, Miss Elizabeth Morson, residents in Great Britain, offer for sale their remaining proportion of that valuable TRACT OF LAND , in the county of Rockingham and state of North Carolina, called the Sauratown Estate.
This land lying contiguous to one of the branches of Roanoke River, and in the midst of a wealthy country is represented to be of great fertility, and to unite so many advantages as to be well worth the attention of the purchasers; it contains from 10 to 12,000 acres, and will be sold in one whole, or in distinct parcels, at the option of those who may wish to buy; for which purpose it has been laid off in separate lots. A plot of the land is left in the possession of Wm. Edward Broadnax, esq. of Brunswick county, Virginia, who has purchased a part of it, and to whom, for more correct information as to its quality, situation and other advantages, purchasers are referred, as well as to Mr. Ira Ellis, who lives on the spot. Mr. Broadnax will also make known the terms of sale, and any contract entered into with him for the purchase of the above land, or any part thereof, will be obligatory on ourselves, and our principals.
G. K. TAYLOR, JOHN DUNLOP.
Petersburg, Va. July 28. 6w
Dampiers, CARDS, HAND-BILLS, LAWYERS, CLERKS & SHERIFFS BLANKS, &c. ARE NEATLY AND EXPEDITIOUSLY PRINTED AT THE ARGUS OFFICE.

REMOVAL. THE subscriber has removed near the Basin, where he continues to keep a house of Private Entertainment. He has also for sale, a general assortment of GROCERIES. Likewise sells all kinds of country produce on commission. RICHMOND, May 17th, 1809. HEZEKIAH PURYEAR.
One Thousand Pounds WANTED. FOR the interest of which, a plantation of 500 acres of valuable land will be given, until the money is refunded. Nearly 100 acres are rich low grounds, now in cultivation, lying on navigable water, the improvements new and very good, in a healthy and desirable country. Enquire of the Printer. September 8, 1800.
FOR SALE. Forty Thousand weight Isle of Wight Bacon. Amongst which are 900 Hams, 500 Bacon, Herring and Salt, 100 Sacks Salt, Liverpool filled, 20 Bales Georgin Cotton, 40 Tieses Rye Whiskey, 6 Barrels Ditt, 45 Kegs English White Lead, 30 do. Spanish Brown, 20 Tons American and S. Wales Iron, will be Sold low for cash only. GROCERIES, AS USUAL. Russell & Wallace. Richmond, May 22, 1809.
City Hotel to Let. THAT spacious convenient HOUSE and LOT with out Houses, Stables &c. situated on the street that leads from the main street by the Governor's to the Capitol; which was lately in the occupancy of Mr. Jas. Vaughan, as a Tavern. It will be let for one or more years, and possession given immediately. For terms apply to Benjamin Mosby of Powhatan, or B. Tate of this City, who are authorised by me to let the same. RICHMOND, June 1st, 1809. RICHARD CROUCH.
FOR SALE, A TRACT OF LAND. Formerly the property of Jacob Williamson, the late of Amelia county, between 900 and 1000 acres. This land lies about one mile from Appomattox river and six miles from Genl. O'Callaghan's. It is well adapted to the culture of Tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other small grain. One third part of the purchase money will be required in cash, and the balance in two equal annual installments. If the above land is not sold or otherwise disposed of before the sixteenth day of September next, the same will then be set up to the highest bidder, at the dwelling house, on the said plantation, and in case it should not be sold it will then be cared for one year. GEORGE WILLIAMSON, Esq. August 9th 1809.
IN COUNCIL, January 20, 1809. PROPOSALS will be received by the Executive for manufacturing three hundred and ninety Rifles during the present year, being the number directed by law to be provided annually, including the deficiency of last year. Extract from the minutes. DANL. L. HYLTUN, Clerk of the Council.
JENNINGS'S GAP, June 24th, 1809. Robert M c Dowell, RESPECTFULLY informs the public that he has Removed his family from Staunton to the Red House in Jennings' Gap, on the main Road to the different mineral Springs in Bath, Monroe & Greenbrier, where he keeps a HOUSE of ENTERTAINMENT, at the Sign of the SPREAD EAGLE, twelve miles from Staunton and 23 miles from Harrisonburg. His house is large and airy, well furnished with good beds, liquors of the best, good stabling to hold upwards of thirty horses, with plenty of hay and grain and pastorage. Also some Mineral Springs very convenient to the house and as he intends paying particular attention to the house himself; he hopes to give general satisfaction to those who favour him with their custom. 2m.
NOTICE is hereby given, that I shall petition the general assembly of Virginia at their next session, for a divorce from Bernard Florence Hantelman, to whom I was married on the 17th day of November last, for reasons which will be then and there made known. MARY HANTELMAN. July 24th, 1809.
RICHMOND TORENT. On Wednesday the 16th instant, was positively be rented, to the highest bidder, at Powhatan court house, being a tract of THOSE THREE RICH TRACTS of LAND in that county, belonging to the Estate of the late Charles Logan, Esq. Two of the Tracts lie on James River, and have low grounds; one of them called Bell Meade, has a large quantity, and sufficiently extensive to work 20 or 25 hands to advantage; the other is adjoining it, and has from 4 to 500 acres cleared land on it. The third tract is about five miles from the river, and has about the same quantity of cleared land. They will be rented for, from one to five years as may best suit those inclined to rent. On that day they will certainly be rented, so that those inclined to rent, need fear no disappointment. August 3d, 1809. (tdr)
LAND FOR SALE—THE GLEBE LAND. In the occupancy of the Rev. Matthew Maury, and now occupied by Nathaniel Rawls, will be sold, on the premises, to the highest bidder, on Friday the 15th day of September next, on a credit of twelve months, the purchaser giving bond with approved security. By order of the Overseers of the Poor. JOHN WINN, Jr. Clk. August 4th, 1809.
20 Dollars Reward, IS offered for apprehending ANDREW, a negro slave, who about the beginning of this month RUN AWAY from the subscriber residing in the neighborhood of Amelia Court House. Andrew is about thirty years old, an intelligent, active, small man, a good house and stable servant, drives a Carriage well, understands a little Shoemaking, and readily performs any kind of plantation labor. Some years ago he was in the service of Mr. Turner at the Bell Tavern in Richmond, where I believe he generally acted as hostler, and afterwards till last Christmas, was employed by Mr. Henry L. Biscoe of Manchester in his tobacco stemmery. He has a wife living at the Manchester coal yard, a free mulatto woman named Sukey Hollinger, by whom I have reason to believe he is secreted. I will pay the above reward to any person who will deliver to me the above mentioned slave, or secure him in Jail, so that I get him again. 20th June, 1809. James Henderson.
COMMITTED to the jail of Montego county, on the 27th day of August, a negro man who calls himself MOSES; says he is about twenty two years of age; he is near six feet high, stout built, and says he is the property of Richard Ferrell. The owner is requested to come forward, pay all charges and take him away, otherwise he will be dealt with as the law requires. June 29th, 1809. H. GIBSON, Jailor.
COLUMBIAN MILLS. —The subscriber informs his friends and the public, that he will purchase WHEAT delivered at the COLUMBIAN MILLS, or he will receive Wheat there, to be manufactured on very moderate and advantageous terms to the holders of this article, viz...for every 340 pounds of gr. of Merchantable Wheat, he will engage to deliver one barrel of good Superfine Flour, or he will receive Wheat at 8s and 6d per bushel, of 60 lbs. and deliver Superfine Flour at 56 1/4 cents, with a small proportion of Fine Flour at 56 1/4 cents per barrel—all to be inspected and delivered in good order at the Mill. The FLOUR made at this Mill has always been held in high repute, and it is the intention of the present Proprietor to sustain its character. The CORN MILL is in complete order—every attention will be paid to customers sending their CORN to be ground on toll at the usual rate. Good fresh MEAL for sale in small or large quantities at very moderate prices for Cash. Apply to Mr. Samuel Leech on the premises, or to JOHN GRANBURY, Residing in Norfolk. CASH given for CORN delivered at the Mill. Richmond, 7th July, 1809.
NOTICE is given, that a petition will be presented to the next Assembly, praying the passage of a law for the sale of the Jail in the town of Fredericksburg, lately built for a District Jail, by the counties of Caroline, Spotsylvania, Orange, Gulpener, Stafford and King George, and the proceeds of such sale applied towards reimbursing the said counties the expense of building the same, in proportion to the sums respectively paid by each. A BANK NOTE of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS was taken from a black boy who called himself James Smith, & says he found it in the street—Not thinking it proper to let the boy keep it, I retained it for the proper owner, who may have it, on giving satisfactory evidence of his or their right to it, and paying the expense of this advertisement. JOHN McDONALD. Richmond, March 12th, 1809.
Tracts of Land With their appurtenances, or so much thereof as may be necessary to pay certain debts in the said deed of trust mentioned, that is to say: one tract situate in the county of Montgomery, containing eight hundred acres being that tract of which the said Andrew Lewis now lives; one other tract adjoining the last mentioned on the north, containing ten thousand acres; one other tract adjoining the first mentioned, being an inclusive survey, containing seven thousand seven hundred acres; one other tract adjoining the last mentioned at the west end, containing four hundred and four acres; one other tract called the Crosscut Neck, containing three hundred and sixty six acres; one other tract called Seven acres on Bottom Creek, adjoining the first mentioned tract of eight hundred acres, and containing one hundred and fifty acres; one other tract also adjoining the first mentioned tract called Prothom's Garden, containing one hundred and twenty eight acres; one other tract adjoining the last mentioned, containing one hundred and thirty acres; one other tract adjoining the inclusive survey of seven thousand seven hundred acres aforesaid, containing eighty acres; one other tract adjoining the same inclusive survey and containing one hundred acres; one other tract lying on both sides of Little River, containing one hundred and fifty acres, on which is situated Boney well Forge; one other tract adjoining Boney well Forge, containing one hundred and forty acres; one other tract adjoining the same, called the Saw mill tract, containing four hundred and thirty eight acres; and one other tract adjoining the last mentioned tract, containing one hundred acres—which said several tracts of land are situate in the county of Montgomery. The said sale will be made agreeably to the directions in such cases, of the act of Assembly passed the 31st day of January, 1809, entitled "an act concerning executions, and for other purposes." EDWARD JOHNSTON, } Trustees. JOHN PROSSER, } N. B. The above mentioned property is situate on and about what is generally called the BENT MOUNTAIN, and considered a very valuable estate, particularly for grazing. Any one wishing for more particular information, may apply to Charles Johnston, residing in Campbell County, near Lynchburg, or to Robert Pollard, George P. Poynt, or Calhoun, Richard & Co. in the city of Richmond. Richmond, July 11, 1809. (tdr)
Richmond Turnpike Company. At a meeting of the Directors of the Richmond Turnpike Company, on Saturday the 29th of July, 1809. Resolved, That the share holders in the company pay to the Treasurer five dollars on each share held by them respectively in thirty days from this day, and the further sum of five dollars on each of the said shares in sixty days from this day. Resolved, That the shares of all delinquent share holders in the Company be sold on the first Saturday in September next, being the 2d day of that month, at the Washington Tavern in the City of Richmond, at 12 o'clock of that day. (A Copy) N. SHEPPARD, clk
FOR RENT, and immediate possession given, A LUMBER HOUSE that will hold from 60 to 100 bds. of tobacco. (either with or without a large loft over it). It will answer well for a Tobacco Manufactory, or a Wheelwright's or Coachmaker's shop, as it has a good inclosed yard attached to it—also a small brick house with but one room on a floor—also a Store on the Main Street opposite the Bell Tavern, and formerly occupied as a Printing Office and latterly as a Bookbinder's shop. Enquire of the subscriber, living at the Falling Garden. James Lowries. Richmond, 8th month, 1st, 1809.
MATTRESSES OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS, MADE and repaired, agreeably to order, in the large wooden house opposite the Old City Tavern, two squares below the market bridge, Richmond. J. S. Pleasants. May 31, 1809.
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD Stolen from me about the 10th of Nov. 1807, a negro man slave, named Cesar, the property of the subscriber—he formerly belonged to Mr. Robert Alexander, of Campbell county, and was bought from him a small boy, in the year 1789. He is now about 3 feet high, one of his big toes is very remarkable, being split with an axe through the nail and nearly as high as the second joint, by that it is much broader and larger than the other. It was accustomed to run James river above the falls. It was informed that he went over the mountains in a battery owned by Gen. Greene. On delivering him to me or securing him in some jail so that I get him again, shall be paid by me the reward of twenty Dollars. This is to forewarn any person or persons from harboring or concealing him, as they may depend on it that I will prosecute such violators of the law to the full extent. ROBERT MITCHELL, City of Richmond, July 27th, 1809.
New Virginia Justice, CONTAINING The Duties of a Justice of Peace, &c. together with a variety of useful precedents adapted to the laws now in force. Also forms of conveyancing, such as deeds of bargain and sale, lease and re-lease, mortgage, trust, &c.
VALUABLE LAND FOR SALE. shall expose to public Sale, on the 3d Monday in August next, on the premises, a TRACT of LAND situated in the County of Fluvanna on the three Forks of the Great Byrd Creek, eight miles from Columbia and fifty six miles from Richmond—it contains near 1800 Acres, one third of which is in cultivation, the balance is well timbered and generally fit for TOBACCO—the whole is well watered and peculiarly favorable to CLOVER and TIMOTHY—There is upon this estate a decent dwelling House and out Houses and Mill with a pair of BURR and a pair of COLOGNE STONES—Mr. Robt. Minor, who resides upon the LAND, will show it to any person desirous of purchasing—The tract may be conveniently divided into three or four parts to suit the wishes of purchasers, who may be accommodated with Stocks of CATTLE, SHEEP and HOGS and a team of large & well drawing Mules—The terms will be, one fourth to be paid when the Title shall be made, the balance to be divided into three, four or five equal annual payments secured upon the Land by deed of Trust. JOHN ADAMS. Richmond, 8th July, 1809.
THE consignee often keeps PAINT and two barrels OIL, marked W. W. shipped from New York per the Schooner Despatch, William Smith, master, can get the same by application to the sub. scribers. RALSTON & PLEASANTS. Richmond, July 26th, 1809.
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD. —Stray or Stolen from the Falls Plantation in Chesterfield County about ten days ago, a bay FILLY, four feet eight or ten inches high, of the Dorsed stock, as may be readily perceived by those who are acquainted with that stock, so remarkable for the construction of their heads being very much dish faced, she had on her right hind leg just below the pastern or fetlock joint a scar occasioned by a cut she received in the Spring; the above reward will be given to any person who will deliver her to the subscriber at the Rev. John D. Blair's in Richmond. JOSEPH H. MAYO. Richmond July 29th, 1809.
BY virtue of a deed of trust bearing date the twenty fourth day of October, eighteen hundred and eight, executed by Thomas P. Holman to the subscribers as trustees, for the purpose of securing a sum of money therein mentioned, to be due to Richard Booker, will be sold, for cash, at John Crisp's tavern, on the first day of September, next, if fair, if not, the next fair day, the following property, to wit: one negro man named George, one negro woman named Sukey, one other named Lilly, three feather beds and furniture, one grey horse, one bay horse, and some household and kitchen furniture. The subscribers will only convey the title vested in them as trustees. NEWTON FORD, } Trustees. JOHN FORD, Jr. } Cumberland, July 25, 1809.
IN COUNCIL, July 26th, 1809. PROPOSALS will be received by the Executive at the tenth day of August next for furnishing 150 White Oak Spokes, 700 Willow Oak Felles, 100 Black Gum Naves, and 60 Hickory Axle-trees, all of seasoned timber and of such dimensions as shall be described by Alexander Quarter, to the persons disposed to make such proposals. DANL. L. HYLTUN, Clerk of the Council.
Richmond Turnpike Company. Resolved, That the share holders in the company pay to the Treasurer five dollars on each share held by them respectively in thirty days from this day, and the further sum of five dollars on each of the said shares in sixty days from this day. Resolved, That the shares of all delinquent share holders in the Company be sold on the first Saturday in September next, being the 2d day of that month, at the Washington Tavern in the City of Richmond, at 12 o'clock of that day. (A Copy) N. SHEPPARD, clk
FOR RENT, and immediate possession given, A LUMBER HOUSE that will hold from 60 to 100 bds. of tobacco. (either with or without a large loft over it). It will answer well for a Tobacco Manufactory, or a Wheelwright's or Coachmaker's shop, as it has a good inclosed yard attached to it—also a small brick house with but one room on a floor—also a Store on the Main Street opposite the Bell Tavern, and formerly occupied as a Printing Office and latterly as a Bookbinder's shop. Enquire of the subscriber, living at the Falling Garden. James Lowries. Richmond, 8th month, 1st, 1809.
MATTRESSES OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS, MADE and repaired, agreeably to order, in the large wooden house opposite the Old City Tavern, two squares below the market bridge, Richmond. J. S. Pleasants. May 31, 1809.
THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD Stolen from me about the 10th of Nov. 1807, a negro man slave, named Cesar, the property of the subscriber—he formerly belonged to Mr. Robert Alexander, of Campbell county, and was bought from him a small boy, in the year 1789. He is now about 3 feet high, one of his big toes is very remarkable, being split with an axe through the nail and nearly as high as the second joint, by that it is much broader and larger than the other. It was accustomed to run James river above the falls. It was informed that he went over the mountains in a battery owned by Gen. Greene. On delivering him to me or securing him in some jail so that I get him again, shall be paid by me the reward of twenty Dollars. This is to forewarn any person or persons from harboring or concealing him, as they may depend on it that I will prosecute such violators of the law to the full extent. ROBERT MITCHELL, City of Richmond, July 27th, 1809.
New Virginia Justice, CONTAINING The Duties of a Justice of Peace, &c. together with a variety of useful precedents adapted to the laws now in force. Also forms of conveyancing, such as deeds of bargain and sale, lease and re-lease, mortgage, trust, &c.
General Assembly, begun and held at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, on Monday the second day of December, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and five, and of the Commonwealth, the thirtieth.
AN ACT giving further time to the proprietors of certain lands, forfeited for the non-payment of taxes, to redeem the same. [Passed February 1st, 1806.] BE it enacted by the General Assembly, That the proprietors of lands forfeited to, and vested in the commonwealth, by the non payment of taxes, agreeably to the act, entitled, "An act more effectually to provide for the payment of taxes upon lands within this commonwealth," may redeem the same by paying into the treasury of this commonwealth, on or before the first day of March, in the year eighteen hundred and seven, all arrears of taxes due thereon. This act shall commence and be in force from and after the passing thereof. A Copy from the Roll—Teste, J. PLEASANTS, Jr. Keeper of the Rolls.
General Assembly, begun and held at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, on Monday the first day of December, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and six, and of the Commonwealth, the thirty-first. AN ACT to amend an act, entitled, "An act more effectually to provide for the payment of taxes upon lands within this commonwealth." [Passed 20th January, 1807.] BE it enacted by the General Assembly, That when the taxes on any tract or parcel of land shall have heretofore remained or shall hereafter remain unpaid for the space of two years, such tract or parcel of land shall be forfeited to the commonwealth, and shall not be subject to location Provided nevertheless, That the tract or parcel of land so as aforesaid forfeited, shall be subject to the redemption of the former rightful and proper owner at any time within three years after such forfeiture shall have accrued, upon payment of the taxes due thereon, according to the following rules, to wit: That if the said taxes shall be paid in the first year after such forfeiture shall have accrued, there shall be paid an interest of twenty five per centum per annum on the amount of the said taxes from the time they became due till paid. If the said taxes shall be paid in the second year after such forfeiture shall have accrued, there shall be paid an interest of fifty per centum per annum on the amount of taxes due as aforesaid. If the said taxes shall be paid in the third year after such forfeiture shall have accrued, there shall be paid an interest of one hundred per centum per annum, as aforesaid. Provided also, That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to affect the rights of infants, femes covert, or persons of unsound mind, until one year after the disabilities shall have ceased, on their paying all taxes due, with an interest thereon at the rate of ten per centum per annum on the amount due as aforesaid. All acts and parts of acts coming within the purview of this act, are hereby repealed. This act shall commence and be in force from and after the first day of March next. A Copy from the Roll—Teste, J. PLEASANTS, Jr. Keeper of the Rolls.
General Assembly, begun and held at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, on Monday the fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and eight, and of the Commonwealth, the thirty-third. AN ACT providing for the redemption of certain lands forfeited by the non payment of the taxes thereon. [Passed February 6th, 1809.] BE it enacted by the General Assembly, That all lands heretofore forfeited or hereafter to be forfeited to the commonwealth for the non-payment of taxes, by virtue of the laws now in force, shall be redeemable at any time within three years from the time when such forfeiture shall have accrued, or shall hereafter accrue, and until the first day of March next succeeding the expiration of the said term of three years, on payment of the taxes due thereon, with an interest of ten per centum per annum on each year's tax, from the time when the same became or shall become due, until the time of such redemption. Provided nevertheless, That all lands heretofore forfeited, shall be redeemable in like manner, and on payment of the like interest, on or before the first day of March in the year one thousand eight hundred and ten. Be it further enacted, That the auditor of public accounts, shall on or before the first day of March, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eleven, and on or before the first day of March in every year thereafter, deliver to the collector of the taxes of each county, a list of all such forfeited lands therein, as on the first day of March preceding, had become irredeemable, which list shall be forthwith posted or hung up in the most public place in the courthouse of the county. Be it further enacted, That on the first Monday in August, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eleven, and on the first Monday of August in every year thereafter, the collectors shall proceed, by public auction, at the door of the courthouse of each county, to sell to the highest bidder, each tract of land contained within the list of such forfeited lands, as were irredeemable on the first day of March in the preceding year, for ready money. Be it further enacted, That if at any such sale, the former owner or owners of any forfeited tract of land so about to be sold, or any person for him, or to him, or in his, her or their behalf, with or without any authority or direction for that purpose, shall appear and pay the taxes due thereon, with interest as aforesaid, until the time of such sale, such tract shall not be sold, but an entry of such payment shall be made by the collector on the list aforesaid, and a receipt for such payment given to the person making the same in the name of the former owner or owners, and in respect of such land shall be taken to be redeemed, and the forfeiture accrued thereon, shall be, and the same is hereby fully waived and remitted.
BE it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the commissioner or commissioners of the revenue, annually, on the first Monday in August, to attend at the courthouse of their respective counties, and to take and make out a list of all the sales so to be made by the collector, specifying the name or names of the former owner or owners, the sums paid and to whom sold; which list the commissioner or commissioners shall forthwith transmit to the auditor of public accounts, who shall charge the collector with the amount of sales appearing thereon. Be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of every collector to pay annually into the public treasury, all such sums or sums of money as he shall receive by virtue of this act deducting a commission of five per centum thereon, which payment shall annually be made on the same day on which the taxes collected in the same year shall be payable. Be it further enacted, That the lists of sale so certified and taken by the commissioners, or either of them, shall be subject to the charge of the collector or his security or securities, his, her or their heirs, executors or administrators thereof, with, on any motion to be made to recover the same by the auditor of public accounts. And if
any collector shall make default in the payment of any monies by him received, by virtue of this act, at the time hereby required, such collector and his security or securities, his, her or their heirs, executors or administrators, shall be liable to all such fines, interest, damages and costs, and be recovered in the same manner as in case of a default in the payment of the commonwealth a revenue. Be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of every collector making a sale by virtue of this act, to make and execute to the purchaser a deed in fee simple for the land so sold, setting forth the cause of sale, and in every action or suit at law or in equity, in which a former owner or owners of any tract of land so sold and conveyed, his, her or their heirs, devisee, or other person or persons claiming under him, her or them, shall contest the validity of the sale so made, the said probandi shall be on the party so contesting. Be it further enacted, That the commissioner or commissioners for discharging the duties required of them by this act, shall be entitled to receive from the public treasury, a commission of one and a half per centum on the amount of sales, on a warrant from the auditor of public accounts. Be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the auditor of public accounts, at the public expense, to cause a copy of this act, and of an act passed the first day of February, in the year one thousand eight hundred and six, entitled, "An act giving further time to the proprietors of certain lands forfeited for the non payment of taxes, to redeem the same, and also of an act passed on the twentieth day of January, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seven, entitled, "An act to amend an act entitled, "An act more effectually to provide for the payment of taxes upon lands within this commonwealth," to be published for six months successively in the present year, and for three months successively preceding the first Monday in August, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eleven, to be published in some newspaper of general circulation, edited in each of the United States, if any such there be. And be it further enacted, That the duties enjoined by this act to be performed by the collectors, shall, where the sheriff is collector, be performed by the high sheriff in person, and every purchase made, wholly or in part, by the sheriff or his deputy, or by any other person being a collector, or by any other person, wholly or in part, for the use of such sheriff, deputy sheriff or other person being collector, shall be void; and every sheriff, deputy sheriff or other person being a collector, making any purchase, either wholly or in part, for himself, or procuring any other person to make such purchase, wholly or in part, for the use aforesaid, shall forfeit and pay the sum of $500, to the use of the public, to be recovered by bill, plaint or information, in any court of record having jurisdiction thereof. This act shall be in force from the passing thereof. A Copy from the Roll—Teste, J. PLEASANTS, Jr. Keeper of the Rolls.
VALUABLE LANDS FOR SALE. The Subscribers wish to dispose of that valuable tract of LAND called FORT LEWIS, lying in the Counties of Botetourt and Montgomery, and containing about 2,600 acres. They also wish to sell 3,180 acres of Land lying in the County of Fluvanna, on the south side of the Rivanna river, extending from Col. Cary's line down the river, to within about a mile of Columbia. This last mentioned Land, being in five distinct tracts, will be sold separately or together, as may best suit any person desirous of purchasing. One-fourth of the amount being paid in hand, any reasonable credit will be given for the balance. GIBSON & JEFFERSON. Richmond, July 28.
FOR SALE, in the town of Carter'sville, upon James River, Lots No. 6 and 24, being the same formerly owned by Messrs. Deanes—On the first is a good dwelling HOUSE, store and other improvements, and on the last, a good furniture house. A credit of one, two, and three years will be given if Bonds with approved security, to bear interest from the date, if not punctually paid, will be required—For further particulars, apply to Messrs. John & E. Cunningham, at Carter'sville, who will show the premises, or to JAMES & JOHN DUNLOP. Petersburg, July 28.
VIRGINIA: At a Superior Court of Chancery held at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, the day of June, 1809. Nathaniel White, William Smith & Elizabeth his wife, formerly Elizabeth White, Josiah Franklin, and Lucy his wife, formerly Lucy White, which Nathaniel, Elizabeth and Lucy are children & part of the devisees of David White, deceased. Pitts against Robert White, one of the sons and devisees, of David White, dec'd. Nathaniel Talley and Sarah his wife, a daughter and devisee of the said David White, William New and Mary his wife, also a daughter & devisee of David White, deceased, David White, son & heir of John White, deceased, who was son & devisee of David White deceased, Lindwell Epperson and Fanny his wife, formerly Fanny White, William White, David White, John White & James White, which said Fanny, William, David, John & James are children of James White deceased, son & devisee of David White dec'd. the said David, John & James being minors under age of twenty one years, by Isham Goddin now assigned their Guardian. Defts. THE defendant David White, son and heir of John White deceased, and William White, son of James, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that they are not inhabitants of this country, on motion of the plaintiffs by counsel, It is ordered, That the said defendants do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiffs; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the Capitol in the said city. A Copy, Teste, P. Tinsley, C. C.
FOR SALE, in the town of Carter'sville, upon James River, Lots No. 6 and 24, being the same formerly owned by Messrs. Deanes—On the first is a good dwelling HOUSE, store and other improvements, and on the last, a good furniture house. A credit of one, two, and three years will be given if Bonds with approved security, to bear interest from the date, if not punctually paid, will be required—For further particulars, apply to Messrs. John & E. Cunningham, at Carter'sville, who will show the premises, or to JAMES & JOHN DUNLOP. Petersburg, July 28.
VIRGINIA: At a Superior Court of Chancery held at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, the day of June, 1809. Nathaniel White, William Smith & Elizabeth his wife, formerly Elizabeth White, Josiah Franklin, and Lucy his wife, formerly Lucy White, which Nathaniel, Elizabeth and Lucy are children & part of the devisees of David White, deceased. Pitts against Robert White, one of the sons and devisees, of David White, dec'd. Nathaniel Talley and Sarah his wife, a daughter and devisee of the said David White, William New and Mary his wife, also a daughter & devisee of David White, deceased, David White, son & heir of John White, deceased, who was son & devisee of David White deceased, Lindwell Epperson and Fanny his wife, formerly Fanny White, William White, David White, John White & James White, which said Fanny, William, David, John & James are children of James White deceased, son & devisee of David White dec'd. the said David, John & James being minors under age of twenty one years, by Isham Goddin now assigned their Guardian. Defts. THE defendant David White, son and heir of John White deceased, and William White, son of James, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that they are not inhabitants of this country, on motion of the plaintiffs by counsel, It is ordered, That the said defendants do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiffs; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the Capitol in the said city. A Copy, Teste, P. Tinsley, C. C.