Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1808-06-10 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
XVIII YEAR.
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No 1456]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum—Paid in Advance.]
FRIDAY, JUNE 10, 1808.
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Poetry.
FROM A LATE LONDON PAPER.
A RECKONING WITH TIME.
By GEORGE COLEMAN, the younger.
COME on old Time! nay, that is stuff; Grief! thou can'st on fast enough; Winged foe to feather'd cupid! But, tell me, Sand man! ere thy grains Have multiplied upon my brims, So thick to make me stupid;
Tell me, Death's Journeyman! but no; Heav'n thou speakest; I will not grow Irrev'ent while I try it; For, though I mock thy flight, 'tis said, Thy forelock takes me with such dread, I never take thee by it.
List, then, old Is—Was—and To-Be! I'll state accounts 'twixt thee and me. Thou gav'st me, first, the measles; With nothing wouldst have taken me on. Then mad'st me, with the hooping-cough, Thinner than fifty weazels.
Thou gav'st small-pox, (the dragon, now, That Jemmy combats on a cow.) And, then, some seeds of knowledge; Grains of grammar, which the flails Of pedants hush upon our tails, To fit us for a College.
And when at Christ Church, 'twas thy sport, To rack my brains with sicc-juce-pot. And lectures out of number. These Fresh man Folly quells and sings, While graduate Dulness clogs thy wings With mathematic lumber.
Thy pinions, next, (which while they wave, Fan all our birth days to the grave) I think ere it was prudent, Blew out me from the schools to town, Where I was paraded down, A dapper Temple student.
Then, much in dramas did I look; Much slighted thee, and great Lord Coke— Congreve beat Blackstone hollow— Shakespeare made all the statutes stale, And, in my crown, no pleas had Hale, To supercede Apollo.
Ah Time! those raging heats I find, Are worth the mere dog star of my mind— How cool is re-respection! Youth's gaudy summer solstice o'er, Experience yields a mellow store— An autumn of reflection!
Why did I let the god of song Lure me from law, to j in his throng, Guld by some slight applause? What's verse to 's, when re-sues B? Or what John Bull, a comedy, To pleading John Bull's causes?
But though my childhood felt disease, Though my lank purse, unsullied by fees, Some ragged muse has netted— Still, honest Chronos! 'tis most true, To thee—(and, faith to others too!) I'm very much indebted.
For thou hast made me gaily tough, I lured me to each day that's rough, In hopes of calm to-morrow; And when old Mower of us all Hereafter thy sweeping scythe I fall, Some few dear friends will sorrow.
Then, though my idle prou'd or chime, Should half an hour outlive me, Time, Pray bid the stone-engravers, Where e'er my bones find church-yard room, Simply to chisel on my tomb, "Thank Time for all his favors."
Miscellaneous.
From the N. Y. American Citizen.
BIRCH HATS. —The gentleman who obtained a patent for the application of birch bark, to the fabrication of hats, is now in town, and solicits the attention of the citizens of New-York to this very important branch of manufactures.
At any time, he conceives that hats, composed of birch, for cheapness, convenience, elegance and durability, infinitely exceed any thing of European or American manufacture, but now when supplies from Europe are cut off, they must more peculiarly command the attention of American citizens.
He is fully persuaded that he has in his possession ample documents to convince the capitalist, that in no branch of business, in the best of times, could a large sum be more advantageously employed, than in this manufacture, and if gentlemen of this description are willing, as they will find it their interest to be largely concerned, it is his intention to establish a manufactory in
this city, for the purpose of supplying the United States. At the same time, until such a company is formed, any offers for purchasing the right for making and vending in this state or any other state will be attended to. Specimens of the birch hats, some uncovered, others covered with fur and silk, together with plain pieces of the bark, as it is peeled from the tree, will be left at the Tontine Coffee House, for the inspection of any gentlemen, who may have the curiosity to examine them.
A line addressed to Silvester G. Whipple, and left at the above Coffee House, will be immediately attended to.
Subjoined is a full description of the qualities of the bark, as applied to the manufacture of hats.
The white birch tree (or the betula alba of Linnaeus) is found in the greatest abundance throughout the British dominions in North America, New England, New York and as far south as Virginia.
The bark of this tree is impenetrable to oil, rain, and moisture of any kind; as is witnessed by the Indians making drinking vessels of it, and vessels to hold fluids any length of time; and more particularly in the construction of their canoes and wigwams. Therefore when the head is defended by hats, composed of this material, it never will be affected by the rain, nor will its perspiration penetrate the hat to stain it; and where pomatum is used it will never appear through to disfigure the outside. Nor will the hat ever be injured by, or lose its shape from the weather; objections to which all the fur, chip, straw, &c are liable, particularly the Italian and fur, of which immense numbers are imported annually.
It is impervious to the wind, and supposed to be a non-conductor of the electric fluid.
It is lighter, cooler, stronger, infinitely cheaper and more durable than any of the above mentioned materials.
The cortex or outer bark may be had of a quarter, and is divisible to the three hundred and fortieth part of an inch. The same piece may be reduced (by separating the layers) from the firmness of a board to a flexibility and fineness superior to the nicest silk. It may be had in sheets 5 or 6 feet in width, and 40 in length—Indian canoes of the largest size being made of one piece. The liber or inner bark being left on, the tree receives no injury, but thrives as before.
No vegetable substance is more durable, when exposed to all the changes of the weather, as every person can testify, who has seen the fallen birches in the woods, where, when the wood has been totally decayed by time, the bark remained sound and unchanged.
Not being to be manufactured, but already grown to our hands, we can have it so cheap, as to afford to undersell all hatmakers who send their hats on the coast of Asia and Africa, and in the West Indies and other warm climates, to which it is excellently adapted, by its being water proof and so much lighter, cooler & stronger than other materials.
It will save to the United States several hundred thousand dollars annually, which are sent out of the country for fur, chip, straw, &c to England, France and Italy. As the manufacture of these hats can be wholly carried on by women, children and cripples, it may give profitable employment to thousands of them, leaving men for more laborious employments.
It may be worn without any covering, only lined and bound; when from its lightness, color and impenetrability, it will be a defence against the sun, the wind and the rain.
In summer it may be covered with silk or any other substance usually worn, and in winter with broad cloth, velvet, fur or any other article that may suit the weather. The great benefit of covering birch with fur must be apparent. As the hats will in reality be fur hats, having all the appearance of those now manufactured, combining in addition to the good qualities of the bark, those of the fur and water proof hat, and the bark supplying the place of the two thirds of the fur and all the stiffening. The glue used in the manufacture being covered by the birch can never appear on the outside, and one third of the coloring, and much less labor will be sufficient.
No chip, straw or other material can be found more elegant, light, cheap or durable for ladies' hats and bonnets, than clear pieces of this bark, and it may when dirtied or sullied, be restored to its original lustre by simply washing with common water. These bonnets may be covered with fur worked or planked in sheets, cut in any shape to suit the fashion.
No material will make more durable hats for soldiers and all military companies; as it will when made of a proper thickness last a great many years, always retain its shape and defy all the storms and hard usage of long campaigns. Cocked hats covered with velvet or fur, may be made to shut up close for stowage.
For Farmers, Seamen, Sportsmen, Mechanics, Fishermen, Stage-drivers, Laborers and all who are liable to be exposed to the sun and the rain, it will be found the cheapest, most lasting and serviceable hat they can wear.
Besides being the most elegant light, cleanly and durable hat for gentlemen.
No ridges will be perceived on the outer side as in chip, straw, and Leghorn hats, and it will save the expense of oiled silk coverings, which are now indispensably necessary with fur and Italian hats.
The hats whether covered with fur velvet, or plain silk, or left uncovered, possess
the following advantage over other description of hats, viz. they may be made lighter than any other hats and at the same time stronger in every part; particularly at the edges of the crown and in the brim, where all other hats fail. When properly made, they will stand all the storms in the wear of years, never admit the water, grow soft, or lose their shape. Fur hats can be made for one third of what hats inferior in every respect are now sold for. English patent water-proof satin beavers sell for from eight to ten dollars. They grow soft in the rain, lose their shape, are naturally brittle, and soon become heavy and unyielding. The birch hat, on the contrary, covered with the same material, are light, strong, really water proof, elastic in the brim, set easy to the head, & can be made for two dollars & fifty cents.
Four girls, two boys, and a man, can make forty of these American satin beavers in a day, beginning with separating the layers of the bark, and ending with covering and lining. Hats of the largest size, either in brim or crown covered with silk of the same quality as the Leghorn, can be made for eighty cents. The frames of the two last mentioned hats will outlast several coverings. One man, with the assistance of two or three boys, can finish as many fur hats as seven men can make in a day. Fur and silk hats, when greased or dyed, may be washed or scoured without injuring the birch, and without any apprehension from the glue. When wet with the rain, they may be wiped dry with a handkerchief. A box thirty inches square and twenty four in height, will hold more birch than is required for the manufacture of twenty one hundred hats; and this quantity can be peeled from the trees by one man in a few hours.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, ON THE SUBJECT OF PUBLIC ROADS & CANALS, Made in pursuance OF A RESOLUTION OF SENATE OF MARCH 2. (CONTINUED)
III. DELAWARE AND CHESAPEAKE CANAL.
A company incorporated by the states of Delaware and Maryland, for opening this canal, has commenced its operations now suspended for want of funds.
The canal will commence at Welsh-point on Elk river, an arm of the Chesapeake, and terminate at a distance of 20 miles, on Christiana creek, a branch of the Delaware. At low water the depth of water in Christiana is nine feet, and in Elk twelve feet, within one hundred feet from the shore. The tide rises four feet in both rivers. The canal might, without increasing the distance, be conducted to New Castle on the Delaware itself, instead of ending at Christiana creek.
The highest intermediate ground, over which the canal will be carried on a level of 13 miles in length, is 74 feet above tide water, the descent being effected by nine locks on each side. The digging is generally easy; no expensive aqueducts or bridges, nor any other obstacles but those which have already been overcome in digging the feeder through a very rocky soil.
The supply of water drawn from Elk river, by a feeder six miles in length, already completed, which is itself a boat canal three and a half feet deep, united by a lock of ten feet lift with the main canal, is calculated to fill daily 144 locks a quantity sufficient on an average for the daily passage of twenty four vessels. A reservoir covering thirty, and which may be increased to 150 acres, will supply occasional deficiencies; other reservoirs may be added, and Christiana and White Clay creeks may hereafter be brought in aid of Elk river, if the supply should prove too scanty for an increased navigation.
The canal 26 feet wide at the bot om, and 50 at the top on the water line, being dug at the depth, of 8 feet, is intended for vessels of forty to seventy tons, drawing 7 1-2 feet water; but the banks 20 feet wide for towing paths, and one of which may be converted into a turnpike road being raised three feet above the level of the water, will, by increasing the height of the lock gates one foot, admit a depth of nine feet of water in the canal; at which depth it would perhaps be eligible to dig at once. The locks 60 feet long, 18 feet wide, and 8 (or 9) feet deep over the gate sills, containing each 11,500 to 13,000 cubic feet of water, and with a lift of 8 to 9 feet each will be constructed of hewn 'count laid in tarras. Those dimensions both of the canal and locks, recommended by Mr Latrobe, the engineer of the canal, may be adopted in all the other canals for sea vessels, on this line of communication.
The present annual carriage across the peninsula, which would be drawn through the canal, is estimated at 42 thousand tons, exclusively of passengers. This will be greatly increased by the facility which the canal itself will afford to the commercial intercourse between the two bays, and to the conveyance of articles now carried through other channels, or too heavy for transportation, at the present expense of carriage. The coals
wanted for Philadelphia, and which brought down from the sources of the Susquehanna and Potomac, but principally from the vicinity of Richmond, would naturally pass through the canal, have been alone estimated at more than one hundred thousand tons a year. The annual carriage of all articles may, in the present state of population, be fairly estimated at one hundred and fifty thousand tons, and the direct annual saving to the community at 300,000 dollars, being at the rate of two dollars a ton for the difference between land and water carriage across the peninsula, after paying the tolls. These, at the rate of fifty cents a ton, will give to the undertakers a revenue of 75,000 dollars, leaving, after a deduction of 10,000 dollars for annual repairs, and of 10,000 dollars more for attendance and contingencies, a net income of 55,000 dollars.
The expenses of the whole work are estimated as follows:
  Digging 22 miles, at $ 20,000 a mile, " " " $ 440,000   18 locks, at $ 10,000 each, " " " 180,000   (The whole lockage being 148 feet, would at $ 1250 a foot, amount to 185,000 dollars.)   Feeder, (nearly completed) reservoirs, lock at the feeder, purchase of water rights and land, including a debt of — dollars due by the company, " " " 230,000   Dollars, 850,000 
The interest on which sum, at 6 per cent. is 51,000 dollars.
The capital originally subscribed amounted to four hundred thousand dollars, divided into two thousand shares, of two hundred dollars each. One half of these has been forfeited after a small payment of five dollars on each share. One hundred thousand dollars paid by the other stockholders, have been expended in preparatory measures, in the purchase of water rights, and in digging the feeder, which was considered the most difficult part of the work. Seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars are still wanted to complete the work; of which sum, one hundred thousand dollars is payable by the stockholders, and the deficiency of 650,000 dollars, must be drawn from other sources.
IV. CHESAPEAKE & ALBEMARLE.
1. The shortest communication between the Chesapeake and Albemarle sound, is from North landing at the head of the tide of North West river, which empties into Currituck inlet, the easternmost arm of Albemarle, to either Kemp'sville or Great Bridge, at the head of the tide of two different branches of the south branch of Elizabeth river, which passing by Norfolk, unites at Hampton roads, with James river, and the Chesapeake. The distance is stated at seven miles, and the levels said to be favorable. It is believed that the principal reason why this communication has not been attempted, is a bar in Currituck inlet, which does not admit the passage of vessels drawing five feet water.
2. A company incorporated by the states of Virginia and North Carolina, for opening a canal through Dismal swamp, has made considerable progress in the work.
The canal extends twenty two miles in length from Deep creek, a branch of the south branch of Elizabeth river, seven miles above Norfolk, to Joyce's creek, a branch of Pasquotank river, a northern arm of Albemarle sound. Vessels drawing 8 to 9 feet water may ascend both creeks to each extremity of the canal.
The intervening ground along the eastern margin of the Dismal swamp, is at most level, the rise towards the middle not exceeding two feet above the two extremities, which are only 18 feet and 9 inches above tide water. The digging is very easy; the only obstacles arise from the stumps and roots of trees, and are nearly overcome; and a single aqueduct or rather culvert over a small run emptying into the North West river is necessary.
The swamp itself supplies at the depth at which the canal is cut, the water which has heretofore been wanted; and a sufficient supply may be drawn by a feeder of 3 miles and a half in length, cut through a perfect level from lake Drummond, a natural reservoir in the centre of the swamp of fifteen miles in circumference, and about six feet higher than the water in the canal.
The canal as cut by the company is 24 feet wide, and 6 feet deep, with one bank on the west side for a towing path, 18 feet broad. The whole digging, with the exception of two miles which must be deepened 3 feet, and of three quarters of a mile in another place not entirely finished, has been completed. The locks at the two extremities of the canal are not built; but two have been erected at some distance from each extremity; probably
in order to save some digging in the intervening space: they are made of square juniper logs, and have cost only three hundred dollars each.
The expense of digging has not exceeded 4,000 dollars a mile; the whole capital expended, amounts to one hundred thousand dollars, of which the state of Virginia has furnished 17,500; and it is stated that the whole work may be completed in one year, and will not, including the locks and the payment of some debts contracted by the company, exceed 25,000 dollars. But the canal, which by the original act of incorporation was to be 32 feet wide, and 8 feet deep, can on its present plan be considered only as a local object, the principal utility of which consists in bringing to market the otherwise useless lumber of the swamp. The only boats which navigate it are flats, 40 feet long, six feet wide, drawing two feet of water and carrying eight thousand shingles.
It must, in order to become a national object, be capable of receiving the vessels which navigate Albemarle sound, and for that purpose be restored to its first intended dimensions, or rather be widened and deepened, on the plan adopted for the Chesapeake and Delaware canal. The expense would be as follows:
  Digging, deepening to 8 feet, preserving the same level the whole way, and widening to a proper breadth, 22 miles, at 8,000 dollars a mile, " " " $ 176,000   4 Stone locks at $ 10,000, " " " 40,000   Feeder to lake Drummond, aqueduct & contingencies, " " " 34,000   Dollars, 250,000 
3. The last mentioned canal is in the most direct line of the communication through Albemarle to Pamlico sound, and the adjacent southern sounds. It has been objected, that the navigation of Pasquotank river was intricate, and that it would be more advantageous to open a communication with Chowan river, which passing by Edenton, and then uniting with the Roanoke, forms Albemarle sound.
A company was incorporated for that purpose; but the capital was not filled, and no other operation performed, but surveying the ground. The intended canal on that route, would commence at Suffolk, on Nansemond river, which empties into James river, a few miles above, and west of the mouth of Elizabeth river; and passing along the western margin of the Dismal swamp, would reach at a computed distance of thirty miles, Gates' court house on Bennet's creek, a branch of Chowan river, which vessels drawing ten feet of water may ascend to that spot.
The highest intermediate ground is 28 feet above tide water and consequently higher than the surface of lake Drummond. But Bennet's creek and Currituck swamp were considered as affording a sufficient supply of water. Should this prove adequate, the principal objection to this route will be, that the canal lands at Suffolk instead of Norfolk. This consideration, and the capital already expended on the canal from Elizabeth river to Pasquotank, seem to give a preference to this course. To which may be added, that if it be preferable to strike the waters of Chowan river, a lateral canal may be hereafter opened, along the southern margin of the Dismal swamp, from the southern extremity of the Elizabeth and Pasquotank canal, to Bennet's creek or Edenton. Whatever route may, after a critical examination of the ground, be thought the most eligible, the opening of this communication will be more easy and less expensive than either of the three northern canals.
The following table is a recapitulation of the distance to be cut on the whole line, and of the estimated expense.
   CANALS. DIRECTION. Distance in Miles. Lockage in Feet. EXPENSE in Dollars.     Massachusetts Weymouth to Taunton, South 25 250 1,250,000   New Jersey Trenton to Brunswick, South 28 100 800,000   Delaware & Chesapeake } Elk river to } Christiana, East 22 148 750,000   Chesapeake & Albemarle } Elizabeth to } Pasquotank, East 22 40 250,000   TOTAL. 98 538 $3,050,000  
To Rent.—THE HOUSE & LOT, At present occupied by Mr Hezekiah Mosby pleasantly situated on Shockoe Hill and very convenient for the accommodation of a family—Possession may be had immediately Thomas Elliott. Richmond, 27th May, 1808. 1a1f

JOHN LANE, Esq. attorney at law is authorised to collect from all persons in debt to the printer hereof in the counties of Amelia and Nottoway.
The committee appointed to consider the important subject of domestic manufactures had not agreed upon a report on Wednesday last. No meeting of the citizens therefore took place; and it is understood that notice will be given by the committee, when their Report is prepared.
James Cheetham Editor of the American Citizen and Republican Watch-Tower (newspapers published in New-York) has, it seems, sounded at once the tocsin of war against the election of JAMES MADISON to the Presidency of the United States, and the knell of his own departed political reputation. In one of his late effusions, he has pronounced that if Mr. Madison is elected, "the external commerce of the U States will be annihilated, and nothing less than a miracle can save the Republican Party from destruction!"
An assertion so impudent and absurd, needs only to be mentioned to receive the ridicule it deserves.
He has also published a calculation concerning the event of the election, in which, (overleaping all probabilities, and disregarding every obstacle) he gives a majority of votes to CLINTON as President, and MONROE as Vice-President. This strange calculation is ably counteracted by a rational one in the New-York Public Advertiser, a paper conducted with great ability and genuine Republican spirit, according to which, allowing to Clinton the votes of all the Federal, and of twelve Republican Electors the votes will probably be, for Madison, 108 and for Clinton, 64.
It now appears to be pretty certain (as was suggested in the Argus long ago) that the contest for the Presidency will be between Messrs. Madison and Clinton. We therefore hope that all those friends of Col. MONROE, who have never deviated from their political faith, but notwithstanding their personal preference of him to Madison, have always approved of the measures of the present administration, will, as matters now stand, determine to give their assistance to their former associates, and brethren in sentiment, in promoting the election of the patriotic JAMES MADISON. We trust that none of them will be induced to join the Clintonians for the sake of seeing Col. MONROE placed in the sinecure of Vice-President.
As Clinton's friends are determined to run him not for the Vice Presidency, but for the Presidency, it is to be presumed that the friends of Madison will look out for some other character to be placed on their ticket as Vice-President. But whether they will, or not, we cannot tell, as we do not pretend to be so deep in the secrets of any party, as the great and infallible James Cheetham appears to be of his.
DEATH.—On Wednesday the 1st instant, JOHN GOODRICH, Esq. many years Sena or for the district of Isle of Wight in the Virginia Legislature.
We recommend to the particular attention of our readers the very able and interesting letter of WILLIAM A. BURWELL, Esq. published in this day's Argus.
The New York Evening Post says there will be from that State, in the next congress eight federalists and nine republicans. In the present congress there are only two federalists.
It is probable (says the Norfolk Ledger of the 6th instant,) that the next arrivals from Europe will bring accounts of the return of Mr. Rose to England, as the Statira passed Cape Henry on Monday morning the 28th of March. We do not calculate upon any alteration in the measures of the British cabinet after the arrival of Mr. Rose, as we are well satisfied that he had informed his government of what would be the certain result of his mission to the United States sometime before his departure.
At the date of our last advices, the state of Europe was but little changed from what it had been for some time past, except with respect to the late revolution in Spain. Some important changes may be expected, the most prominent of which will be the destruction of the Turkish empire. It is from that source that Austria is to find her remuneration for the many losses she has sustained in her conflicts with France, and from hence Russia will receive the reward for her scandalous abandonment of the great cause of independent nations.
Great Britain appears to have relaxed nothing in her energies for the defence of herself and ally the king of Sweden. Her force for internal defence amounts to nearly one million of men in arms, of which 300,000 including her standing militia may be considered as regulars. Her navy covers every sea; the flags of her enemies are not to be seen on the ocean. In Lisbon, the inhabitants of that city, the French army and the seamen of the Russian fleet, are upon the point of literally starving, and have implored the British admiral to permit supplies of provisions to be sent into them. The admiral has represented the case to his government, but the result of this representation has not been announced.
The following remarks are extracted from Bell's Weekly Messenger, of a very late date. Let those disorganizers among us, who are continually preaching up the justice of the British government, and its friendship for this country, blush on reading these sentiments openly avowed by the independent Mr. Bell in the very heart of the metropolis of England.
"From the American papers which have been laid before Parliament, there, is every reason to suppose that our differences with the United States cannot be easily adjusted. The late orders of council must have inflamed a quarrel already, perhaps, irreconcilable: and the late proceedings of government, in the further restraint of all commerce on the continent of Europe, having pressed yet more severely upon neutrals, can be deemed to add only fuel to the flame.
There is now an end to neutral trade altogether; and of course, as a commercial power, a finishing blow is given for the present to the hopes of
America. This is retaliation upon France!
It was, perhaps, a difficult problem to solve in what manner we should starve the continent, without at the same time starving the trade of neutrals; but it must be confessed that the means we have chosen cannot be considered as a solution of the difficulty, but rather as an escape; we have not untied the knot, but we have cut it; we have proceeded with the usual bluntness and gross indecency of force; we have substituted the "will and pleasure" for the reason and the justice; and, with a kind of retrograde honesty, we have left the moral to be gathered from the foundation of the moral. Like Sir Lucius O'Trigger in the Rivals, "we have drawn our swords, and left the lazy sons of peace to find out the justice of the dispute."
We may now in truth be said to add to the ferocity and unfeeling character of the war; we are reviving the savage practices of remote antiquity, and substituted them for that humane and mitigated hostility which robbed war of half its horrors, and disarmed it of all its personal malignity.
Because Jesuit's bank, it seems, has been heretofore esteemed the specific remedy of intermittent fevers, and, as such of universal use in France, the French materia medica is in future to be deprived of it. We are to retaliate upon the sick the wrongs of the government; we are to depopulate the hospitals for the injury of the military; we are to visit upon the infirm and helpless, the wrongs of those whom we cannot otherwise make feel than by these indirect attacks upon their sensibility.
There is neither magnanimity, honor nor humanity, in this miserable, hucksterlike contest against the pestle and mortar! Who ever dreamt of extending contraband to bark, rhubarb and magnesia?—'Throw physic to the dogs.' Let us leave the chemist's shop, and his drugs, uninfected by this airy and hostility."
From the Aurora.
We copy the following from the New York Public Advertiser, a paper conducted with firmness and intelligence, which neither assumes more than it performs, nor undertakes more than it is competent to execute—with this estimate, however, we do not entirely concur; as to a general result perhaps it may be near the case, but in what concerns the votes of Pennsylvania, the Public Advertiser is absolutely misinformed, at no time was there a suspicion that there were more than two of the citizens nominated for electors partial to Mr. Clinton; and it is well known that these will abide by the sentiments of their constituents; what those sentiments are the public already partly know from the sentiments published in various parts of the state, and which will soon generally appear. Liberties have been taken also with the name of the venerable Charles Thomson that good man entertains an entire respect for Mr. Clinton, but it may be permitted to those who are intimately acquainted with him, and who know his sentiments on the best policy of the United States to say that he is in favor of that candidate who is most likely to pursue the policy of the present administration, and that he thinks Mr. Madison that man.
On another point also we differ from the Public Advertiser—the federalists will set up Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, who poor man, appears, like James Ross, destined to be the perpetual stalking horse of federalism.
FROM THE PUBLIC ADVERTISER. Probable estimate.—Cheetham yesterday gave an estimate of the probable votes for president in the different states. In this he made governor Clinton the successful candidate by two votes more than the constitutional majority—no man who has the least acquaintance with the state of politics in the United States, can read this production of Cheetham without admiration of his impudence, or contempt of his folly. The following statement is founded on correct information, derived from the most respectable political characters of the several states—and it will be pleasing to those who, sincerely attached to the republican cause, wish to behold its complete triumph over the arts of ambition, apostasy and intrigue.
It is ascertained that there will be three republican candidates for the office—Messrs. Madison, Monroe and Clinton. The first is the candidate of the republican party, and has been nominated in the regular way; the second is supported by a little factious junto in Virginia, headed by John Randolph, and the third is the favorite of James Cheetham! It is also well known that unless the federalists support a man of their own party, their votes will be given to Mr. Clinton. In the subjoined calculation, we have arranged all the federal votes under Mr. Clinton's name, presuming that the federalists will not nominate a candidate.
Mad. Mon. Clin.
New Hampshire elects by a general ticket, & will give Madisonian electors. 7 0 0
Massachusetts has at present no election laws, nor can her federal legislature enact any which is not acceptable to her republican gov. 0 0 0
  It was probable this state will choose electors by Districts. Her votes may be calculated at 10 for Madison, and 9 federal. 10 0 9   Rhode Island elects by general ticket, and will give Madison all her votes. 4 0 0   Connecticut is federal. Vermont, if she continues republican, will give all her votes for Madison. It is doubtful, however, what will be the result of her election. And doubtful votes we give to the federalists. 0 0 6   New York elects by legislature. The senate being almost unanimously republican, will be for Madison. But suppose a compromise should take place in favor of Clinton. 0 0 19   New Jersey In this state the legislative Butcher is almost the only quid. Madison will get the unanimous votes of N. Jersey. 8 0 0   Pennsylvania. The sentiments of all the gentlemen proposed as electors of this state by the republicans are not known.—But it is probable the votes of Pennsylvania will be 12 0 8   Delaware is federal, and will give Clinton three votes. 0 0 3   Maryland chooses her electors by districts, 5 of her votes will be for Madison, one for Monroe and five for Clinton, including three federal votes. 5 1 5   Virginia is the backbone of republicanism, and will give Madison a bumper. 24 0 0   North Carolina chooses by districts & will give Madison 6, Monroe 3, & Clinton 5, including three federal votes. 6 3 5   South Carolina, notwithstanding the vile calumnies of Cheetham against her integrity, will give all her votes for Madison. 10 0 0   Georgia is a staunch republican state, and will, of course, give Madison all her votes. 6 0 0   Kentucky, Ohio, & Tennessee are sound as a roach, and will zealously support the republican nomination. 16 0 0   RECAPITULATION.   Republican votes—For Madison 180   Monroe 4   Clinton 12   Federal votes—For Clinton 52 
Among the federal votes we have arranged those of New York, which if for Clinton, will be so through the assistance of the federalists.
Some persons are of opinion that neither Madison, Monroe, or Clinton will obtain a constitutional majority.—We think differently.—We have not a single doubt that the election will eventuate, at least, as above stated. From the circumstance of our having in every instance given the doubtful votes to the opponents of Mr. Madison, we may safely infer that the aggregate of votes given to him at the election for president will exceed the number above stated. Allowing, however, that there will be no electoral choice, the election of Mr. Madison is still certain. In that event, the present congress, whose time of service does not expire until next March, will determine between the candidates. The sentiments of the gentlemen composing that body, are well known—and upon a ballot at Washington, the states will stand thus:
For MADISON—New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee—14.
For CLINTON—Connecticut, Delaware, and New York!—3.
Alas! poor New York! into what wretched company have Masters, Russel, and Cheetham led you!!!
From a recent circumstance, we are induced to give the whole number of the electoral votes of this state to Madison.
We have it from the best authority in Pennsylvania, that that state is firm, and will give a decided vote for Madison.
LUMINOUS VIEWS OF THE POLITICAL STATE OF AFFAIRS. (CIRCULAR.) Washington, April 23d, 1808. SIR,
At the close of the last session of congress I gave you a view of our situation, in the highest degree flattering to every American. It was strictly true; and if I am compelled to change the aspect of affairs, I am bound in truth to attribute it to the progress of events, which could neither be foreseen or prevented, to the injustice of foreign governments, and
not to the indiscretion of our own. When satisfied of this fact, you will naturally direct your indignation against the disturbers of our repose, and exert all your energies to support the cause of your country.
It has been the favorite object of the present administration, and the unequivocal wish of the people of the U. S. to preserve a neutral character, and avoid participation in the present European war. Considerations not less wise than humane, have dictated this policy; considerations dear to every man who prefers tranquility to confusion; prosperity to national ruin. In no instance have we departed from the most punctilious impartiality towards all nations; and if we have been compelled at any time to adopt precautionary measures, they have been indisputably pacific, intended to prevent injuries unprovoked, often repeated, and never redressed. It is to be regretted this department has not been reciprocated; but on the contrary, has excited feelings, inspired pretensions, and produced designs hostile to the peace, if not to the liberty of America. I however trust, we have still wisdom to perceive, and firmness to pursue, a course, which will ultimately extricate us from the fate of those nations who have fallen victims to the seductive influence of foreign intrigues, or their own inordinate ambition.
The commerce of the United States has been occasionally harassed from 1793, by vexations and restrictions, inconvenient, but no absolutely ruinous to it. Those restrictions have upon proper representations been abandoned; their recent renewal by the British and French government to a ruinous extent, little short of actual war, and other aggressions equally insupportable, have reduced the United States to the alternative of sacrificing temporarily their external trade or engaging in hostilities for its protection.
The conduct of Great Britain has at all times furnished materials for complaint, since the peace of 1783; but particularly during the war which originated with the French revolution; the various orders of council, violating the law of nations; the practice of impressing American citizens on board British ships, and the insolent conduct of her naval officers in our harbors and near our coasts, have justly irritated the people of this country. On one occasion the peace of the two countries has been prolonged only by the moderation of our government.
It must still be fresh in your recollection what occurred in '94, how much the commerce of the United States suffered from British cruisers, and the treaty to which we submitted, conceding every thing on our part.—This instrument, though faithfully executed by us, has not satisfied England; she has continued to indulge herself in new innovations upon our rights, to which she adheres with obstinacy. Aware of the consequences which would result from those practices, the present administration endeavored to form a treaty, which would adjust the differences, and define the respective rights of the two nations. This effort, conducted with zeal and ability by the American ministers at London, has failed.
The president on the 23d of March, laid before congress the project of a treaty signed on the 31st of December, 1806, by the American ministers, which was sent back with instructions, to renew the negotiation, and obtain the insertion of some provision against the impressment of American seamen, and the modification of certain articles relative to the East and West India, and colonial trade, and principles of blockade. I cannot pronounce with certainty upon the merits of the whole treaty, the documents are voluminous, and have not yet all been printed. There are however certain objections, which, if not utterly insurmountable, justify the refusal to ratify it, unless changed.
The first arises from a declaration of the British commissioners previous to signing the treaty; that the British government reserved to itself the right of countervailing the measures of France against neutral commerce; and requiring that the U. S. should resist the French decree of 1806. This was certainly inadmissible. The U. S. could never consent to a treaty by which they would absolutely be bound, and the other contracting party at liberty to violate it, whenever his convenience required—of which he reserved a power to be the exclusive judge.
The treaty contained no provision for American seamen. It is well known how long the English have claimed the right of taking their own seamen wherever found, and how unjustly under that pretext they have impressed citizens of the U. States on board their ships of war, detaining
them in rigorous confinement during the continuance of the war, and compelled them to hazard their lives not in defence of their country, but against those in amity with us. This practice has always formed a subject of serious complaint, and perhaps none has produced stronger feeling among the American people. The silence of the treaty, with regard to seamen, inasmuch as their protection and security formed the principal inducement and object of negotiation, rendered it highly unacceptable to the government.
It was attempted to supply the defect by an informal note, which pledged the British government to issue most rigorous injunctions to the naval commanders to discriminate carefully, and in no instance molest citizens of the United States. Such an arrangement could only be considered an indication of the dispositions of the existing minister, and not a compact by which the nation was bound, a security insufficient, because it was temporary and dependent on the continuance in office of men who felt friendly dispositions. This construction was evidently given by the British cabinet, from Mr. Canning's answer to Mr. Monroe; when reminded by him of this stipulation in favor of seamen, he declared he could only look into the body of the treaty for its contents, and not to an incidental paper.
The other objections relate to the East and West India, and colonial trade. The first is placed upon a footing less favorable than in the treaty of 1794; the second left as at present; and the third less favorable than it established by the British orders of council, and the decisions of their admiralty courts.
The subsequent conduct of Great Britain has lessened our regret very much for the failure of the negotiation, and diminished its importance; she has advanced principles against which the treaty in a much more perfect form would not present a barrier; and indeed seems to demonstrate the inefficacy of any treaty to secure our rights. On the 7th of January, 1807, only seven days after the treaty had been concluded, an order of council was issued, prohibiting Americans from trading between the different ports belonging to France and her allies, and compelling them to sell their cargoes at the first port they entered, whether in demand or not; plainly in violation of the 11th article, which expressly gives the right of "carrying freely to any port of Europe not blockaded," even colonial produce from the United States.
I shall not dwell upon the injury done to our commerce by this regulation; but mention it to show the little respect paid to the most solemn compacts by that government, when in conflict with her power or interests.
The orders of council of the 11th of November last, issued to countervail the French decree of 22d November 1806, (extended in its construction to American vessels in August last,) have given the finishing blow to the commerce of this country. They prohibit us from trading to any place but England and her dependencies, and impose a tax upon all articles shipped from thence elsewhere. The actual amount of the tax fixed by parliament is not yet known; but is said to exceed one third of the value of some of our most important articles, in which are included cotton and tobacco. Upon the injustice of this order, it is impossible to comment in terms too harsh. It is a direct attack upon the sovereignty and independence of the U. S. against which it was levelled; and is an odious attempt to tax them, without their own consent—commercial ingenuity could not devise a more effectual plan to destroy our trade, and fetter the growth of our country.
One of two things inevitably results; the whole commerce of the U. S. is limited to Great Britain, or that part of it struggling to find markets elsewhere, is exposed to certain ruin from the depredation of British cruisers. If shipments are restricted to England in conformity to the orders of council, they can never reach the continent of Europe, but will be confined absolutely to that market, because importation into the continental port are rigorously interdicted through that channel, and because the duties imposed on exportations are so exorbitant as to check their consumption, if suffered to be imported.
It is needless to recapitulate the regulation enforced in the ports of France and her allies to prevent the entrance of produce which has touched at England; regulations too guarded to be evaded, and too penal to encounter. From whence does England derive the right to forbid our trade except with herself? Can it be believed the people will submit to a demand which will virtually re-establish colonial dependence and burthen their produce with her system of taxation?

The object is evidently to tax this country to support the war in which she is engaged, and not to prevent the supply of her enemies since permission to carry them American and foreign produce is granted, after a tax had been paid in England. The avowed motive is therefore a mere pretext, equally shallow and unjust; intended more to injure our commerce than to distress France.
I cannot for a moment believe the people of this country will surrender their independence and submit to the degradation of colonies, without a struggle. The immunities of colonies are not extended to us under the orders of council, whose prosperity is in some degree guaranteed by the supposed interest of the parent country in their growth and importance. If to us that feeble tie is denied we may expect the commercial restrictions of England will be dictated by jealousy, not affection, rivalry and not coincidence of interest. Our trade placed upon a basis less favorable than previous to the revolution; besides the oppressive tax the English wish to levy, they prohibit the trade in articles then free, and close channels of commerce then open. Thus we find our commerce exposed to all the restrictions of actual colonies and the dangers of war, without a formal declaration of it.
To these injuries I must add another, though of a different character, not less offensive, and intolerable. The attack on the frigate Chesapeake in June last. It is needless to call your attention to the particulars of that transaction, they have not yet been forgotten, and are fresh in your memory. Reparation has not been made; on the contrary we have been considered the aggressors; and the mockery of making reparation to the honor and feelings of the American nation, has closed with a demand which a just government would never propose, and a free one will never consent to grant.
It is impossible to conceive measures more hostile, more subversive of justice or good faith; but as there is no man who will justify, there can be no necessity to examine more minutely the avowal of a principle so inconsistent with the treaty, repugnant to the law of nations, and destructive to the interest of the U. States. Independent of the solemn obligations imposed by treaty, to respect the commercial right of this country, France ought to be more bound than any other nation because she professes to contend against England for the establishment and support of the very principles she tramples under foot.
Though the terms of these decrees are general, it was believed the U. S. were excepted from the operation of the first, until a case occurred in August last, in which it was enforced against an American vessel standing on the coast of France, and afterwards declared by the French government to extend to all neutral vessels. It is proper to remark, that the American minister at Paris applied to the minister of marine, and was informed the treaty of 1800 would be the basis by which the courts of admiralty would be governed in their decisions upon our vessels. This explanation quieted the apprehensions, and the practice of the courts confirmed the confidence of our government in its correctness, until the case abovementioned occurred.
It remains with the French government to reconcile to the respect due to its own character, and the duty it owes to a neutral and friendly nation the silence so long observed relative to the explanation of the minister of marine and its subsequent disavowal.
It was upon the reception of this intelligence, and the well founded anticipation of the British orders of council of the 11th November 1807, that the embargo was laid upon all American vessels and produce. By the joint operation of the decrees and orders of France and England, every American ship and cargo would be liable to capture and confiscation by the cruisers of one or the other. Vessels trading to England and her dependencies, by French ships of war, and those bound to ports from which the British flag is excluded, by English ships of war. It would be scarcely possible to escape the vigilance of their cruisers, whose exertions would be stimulated by the hopes of plunder and the abundance of the spoil.
Notwithstanding the timely precaution of this measure by which so many of our vessels have been restrained from the ocean, the captures have been numerous and the losses sustained by our merchants heavy. If our vessels had been permitted to sail without restraint, they would have been infinitely greater. The injuries received from these nations have furnished ample cause for war, to a people less devoted to peace; but it was hoped by waiting until amicable ex-
planation would take place, that either one or both, from a sense of justice or interest would change the system adopted towards us. With this view it seemed probable the people would soon be relieved from the present pressure. The latest accounts from Europe indicate a continuance of the hostile temper of France and England, and we now have no alternative left but to withdraw for the present from the ocean—submit unconditionally to one of our oppressors—or make war, in vindication of our honor and national rights.
After so long enjoying an extensive lucrative trade, without interruption, finding a ready market for all our produce, and full employment for all our funds, the suspension of eternal trade will produce the most serious effects upon all classes of people in the community, as well upon the farmers as those who have been engaged in commerce. The sacrifices made by the embargo are however more apparent than real; they are produced by the restrictions of France and England upon our trade by shutting up the markets suited to the productions of our country, and confining them to those in which the consumption is too limited.
Let it be supposed that the trade of America is regulated agreeably to British orders of council, and that all our articles of domestic and foreign growth pass through British ports, and are consequently confined to them for sale. The quantity would so far exceed the demand as to reduce their value to a price which would inevitably ruin the planter. The exports from the United States amounted during the last year to one hundred and eighty millions of dollars, of which thirty one millions were sent to Great Britain and her dependencies. The remaining 77 millions, to other parts of the world, furnishing more ready sale and better prices.
This circumstance proves they were not wanted in England, and if sent there would only be purchased for sale elsewhere.
But to what place can they be shipped from England; To no part of the continent of Europe; from those countries they are excluded, if they have touched at Great Britain, by the French decrees.
Can it be doubted that a monopoly of all our trade by England, and the sale of five times as much produce as she wants and can consume, will prove absolutely ruinous to us?
Of the article tobacco, which constitutes our most valuable export, amounting to an average of seventy five thousand hogsheads annually, only twelve thousand are consumed in England, the rest is used on the continent.
The British minister compels us to send all our cotton to England, and proposes to prohibit its re-exportation. There are sixty millions lbs. weight exported, of which thirty millions only are brought in England, the remaining half, worth seven millions of dollars, is sold in France and countries in alliance with her.
The reasons assigned for this most shameful restriction, and the object to be attained, are the destruction of the cotton manufactures in France, which have progressed so far as to give alarm to the English; and to avoid open and direct offence to the Americans, who would feel less irritated by the total suppression of the trade than its taxation. I have little doubt, the same spirit of conciliation will induce them to prohibit the re-exportation of all our produce.
I think you will clearly perceive that the British orders in council in fact constitute the embargo, and that the trade left open to us affords an insufficient market for the produce of our country.
I have spoken of the extent of our commerce under the orders, as if it would be safe; but the French privateers would injure it extremely, unless our merchant vessels were armed and convoyed; already they have taken 30 or 40. If our merchants were permitted to arm they would go to the continent, where, the state of the markets would hold out strong inducements, and in resisting the British vessels, they would involve us at once in war with them. I do not suppose this state of things can or ought to continue beyond a certain period. But at present I think it better to bear the embargo than go to war.
It is not improbable that a general peace may take place in Europe during the present year; in which event we should escape war entirely; and much more probable that one or both of the belligerents will change their conduct towards us rather than lose a trade not less convenient to them than useful to ourselves. Is it not prudent to wait these events?
I have strong reasons to believe the
embargo will produce serious effects on France and England; the commerce of France is carried on entirely by American vessels; the connection with her colonies kept up, and the colonies themselves fed from the United States. I can perceive no advantage from the course she is pursuing towards our commerce, which will compensate for the loss of it to her people.
There is no country more interested in our commerce than England; we purchase twelve millions sterling of her manufactures annually, supply her West India colonies with all the necessaries of life, and her manufactures with raw materials, cheaper and in greater abundance than they can be obtained elsewhere.
At any time our market would be highly important to England; but in her present situation it is indispensable; her ships are excluded from the whole of Europe, and her productions proscribed wherever found. The interruption of our trade will force us to manufacture the articles we want, and while she loses for ever the most profitable branch of export, we shall become really independent, and furnish within our country every requisite for convenience and comfort. It will no longer be in the power of a foreign nation to disturb our prosperity.
If the sacrifices we have made to preserve peace, should fail to produce that effect, we shall feel more fully justified in resorting to stronger measures. To meet this crisis appropriations have been made to fortify and defend our sea port towns; additional troops have been raised to protect the territories and frontiers, and 100,000 militia and 25,000 volunteers placed in requisition, to repel any attack against the United States. The extent of the country, the choice an enemy will have in the place of landing, & the impolicy of embodying a large standing force equally efficient, have suggested the policy of relying on the militia for general defence in the commencement of war. In a war with England serious invasion cannot be expected, her enterprises will be naval, directed against our towns, for the defence of which a few troops will be necessary, because the militia are fitted neither by their discipline or habits to perform garrison duty. It would therefore be an useless expense to maintain a large force for the defence of the interior country. During the war in which France is engaged, the same policy is equally united to the unsettled relations with that nation.
It is fortunate that the embarrassments of the people will not be increased by the imposition of heavy burdens, and taxes to supply the deficiency in the revenue, and meet the unavoidable expenses of preparations for national defence.
By the prudent management of our money for the last seven years, there has been accumulated in the treasury, an excess of eight millions of dollars over the expenditures, and a diminution of the public debt to the amount of thirty three millions of dollars has been effected during the same period. These two sums may be fairly considered as the comparative resources of the government, to sustain a war at the two periods; we may in fact be said to have amassed a sum of forty one millions of dollars applicable to public uses. This view of our finances, while it inspires confidence in the capacity of the nation to surmount its difficulties, furnishes the best commentary on the reduction of national expense during peace. It supercedes the necessity of imposing heavy contributions when the people are least able to bear them. It affords the means of waging a defensive war, when the interruption of trade diminishes the revenue, the pressure of public engagements, impairs public credit, and the scarcity of money enhances its value, beyond the interest the nation can afford to pay.
I have endeavored to convey to you a correct idea of the perilous situation of our country, the injuries it has received from France and England, the destruction with which its commerce is threatened, and their attempts to reduce us to the humiliating condition of colonies. Instead of going immediately to war we have laid an embargo, and withdrawn from the ocean, in hopes they may be induced either by the pressure of that measure or a sense of interest, to re-establish intercourse upon terms safe and honorable to the United States.
It is impossible to foresee the result of this measure. The president is authorised during the recess of congress to suspend the embargo, if it can be done without endangering our ships and property; and congress will meet on the first Monday of November, to take that course the exigency may require. I deplore the folly which has
measures of hostility towards our country, and can only attribute it to that fatal infatuation which has led the nation by continued delusion to the threshold of destruction. I regret it on account of sufferings which will be unnecessarily inflicted on the two countries; both of which have the strongest motives to cultivate harmony and preserve commercial intercourse.
The people of the United States are, however, reduced to the dilemma of submitting to privations and be free, or yield to their wants, and become tributaries. If they choose the last alternative, the national spirit is gone for ever; it will be extinguished; they will indeed "exhibit to the world the spectacle of a people free in their government, but enslaved by their wants."
I have confined my remarks principally to our situation with foreign nations. It is important that the people should understand the real cause of their sufferings; and I believe they will effectually support the government in its efforts to maintain their own rights. With such support, I still anticipate an honorable issue to our present difficulties, and an adjustment of differences with our enemies.
It is true the inconveniences from the suspension of trade and the pressure of pecuniary engagements will be great. But fortunately our country furnishes all the articles of necessity in abundance, which may easily be acquired by every man who has industry and prudence. I shall at all times feel pleasure in communicating information relative to subjects before congress whenever required. You may be assured I have done what appeared to me best calculated to preserve the peace of the country, and promote its permanent prosperity.
Accept my best wishes, W. A. BURWELL.
BALTIMORE, June 6.
The following paragraph is extracted from the coffee-house books; it will show that the term, for which we had respite, has expired, and that Napoleon intends to make us feel his displeasure, for not declaring war against England.
"Letters by the Pers. verance, 48 days from Tonnigen, mention that all the American property since its seizure at Hamburg had been CONFISCATED by special order of the emperor! (not by the council of prizes) and ordered to Paris; waggons had been employed for the conveyance of the same."
CHARLESTON, MAY 30
Several vessels which had arrived in this port prior to, and soon after the Embargo was laid, intended to take cargoes on board for a foreign voyage, having been prevented by that act from proceeding to their intended ports, applied to their owners for new instructions; these instructions were to take on board a sufficiency of Rice to ballast them, fill up with Cotton, and return home, probably with views, that when the Embargo should be raised, these vessels might be ready to proceed immediately to Europe. Amongst other vessels in this situation, we understand, was the ship Resource, bound for Baltimore. Early in the last week, when the merchants who transacted her business here, applied to the Collector for Baltimore, he refused to grant it, on the ground that his instructions from the Secretary of the Treasury warranted his withholding such clearance. In consequence of this refusal, Adam Gilchrist, esq. one of the consignees, applied to the Circuit Court of the U. S. for a rule to be served on the Collector, requiring him to shew cause why he refused a clearance. The Collector made a return to the rule; a petition was then presented, praying that a writ of Mandamus might issue, to command the Collector to grant the clearance. On Saturday last, the case was submitted to the court by the counsel without any pleadings. Judges Johnson & Bee were the presiding judges. The following is the decision of the court—
GILCHRIST, } Motion for Mandamus. vs. THE COLLECTOR.
The affidavit upon which this motion is founded, states that the ship Resource is ballasted with 140 barrels of Rice, under a load of Cotton, and is destined for the port of Baltimore. The Collector, in his return to the rule, acknowledges that he believes the port of Baltimore to be her real destination, and that if he had no other rule of conduct but the 11th section of the act supplementary to the Embargo Act, he would not detain her; but urges in excuse for refusing her a clearance, a letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, in these words:
"Treasury Department, May 6 1808. "Sir—I informed you in my letter of the 28th ult. that the President considered "unusual shipments," particularly of flour and other provisions, of lumber, and of naval stores, as sufficient cause for detention of the vessel; pot and pearl ashes and flax seed ought to be added to the list. Bur-
he has given it in charge to me to call your attention still more forcibly to that object. As it was the great and leading object of the legislature in giving the power of detention, he considers it his duty in the execution of it to give complete effect to the Embargo Laws. He recommends therefore that every shipment of the above articles for a place where they cannot be wanted for consumption should be detained. He perceives no necessity at present, for the transportation of flour & similar articles, from one port of the Chesapeake and its waters, to another port on the waters of the same bay or from any port whatever to ports in the Chesapeake Delaware or Hudson or to other places which export such articles. And in order to prevent the inconveniences which the want of a sufficient supply might occasion in some states, he has written a letter to the Governors of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, South Carolina, Georgia and Orleans, a copy of which is, by his order, enclosed for your information.
"In order that he may also be enabled to judge of the manner in which the law and his instructions are carried into effect, you will be pleased to transmit weekly to this department, a statement of the vessels laden with articles of domestic produce, which shall have departed from the district during the week, shewing the species and quantity of articles, and the port of destination. Vessels not masted or decked, packets and ferry boats, vessels which give no bonds, and those employed in carrying fire wood, manure, stones and similar articles, need not be inserted in the statement.
"I am, very respectfully, sir, your most obedient servant, "ALBERT GALLATIN." "The Collector of Richmond."
It is not denied that if the petitioner be legally entitled to a clearance, this Court may interpose its authority by the writ of mandamus to compel the Collector to grant it. The only questions, therefore, will be whether the section of the act alluded to authorizes the detention of this vessel, and if it does not, whether the instructions of the President through the Secretary of the Treasury, unsupported by an Act of Congress, will justify the Collector in the detention. On the latter question there can be no doubt. The officers of government from the highest to the lowest, are equally subjected to legal restraint; and it is confidently believed that all of them feel themselves equally in capable, as well from law as inclination, to attempt an unauthorized encroachment upon individual liberty. In the letter alluded to Mr. Gallatin speaks only in the language of recommendation not of command; at the utmost the Collector could only plead the influence of advice and not the authority of the Treasury department in his justification.
In the act of Congress there is no ambiguous; the words are:
"Sec. 11. And be it further enacted That the collectors of the customs be authorized to detain any vessel ostensibly bound with a cargo to some other part of the United States whenever in their opinions the intention is to violate and evade any of the provisions of the act laying an embargo until the decision of the President of the United States he had thereupon."
The object is to prevent evasion of the embargo act by vessels which sail ostensibly for some port in the United States when their real destination is to some other port or place. The granting of clearances is left absolutely to the discretion of the Collector; the right of detaining in cases which excite suspicion, is given him with a reference to the will of the Executive. Congress might have vested this discretion in the President, the Secretary of the Treasury, or any other officer in whom they thought proper to vest it but having vested the right of granting or refusing in the Collector with an appeal to the President, the right of granting clearances remains in him unimpaired and unrestricted.
It does not appear to us that the instructions from the Treasury Department are intended to reach this case. The recommendation not to grant clearances of shipments of provisions, appears by the context to be restricted by two proviso evidently pointed at by the reasons assigned for that recommendation. First it intended for a place where they are not wanted for consumption, or, we suppose where supplies of the same article can be had from the state or neighborhood in which such place is situated. Secondly For a port which usually exports that article. Now, with regard to the article of Rice, it is impossible to say how much the city of Baltimore will want for its consumption, as they have not internal supplies, and as the three Southern States alone, are exporters of that article. Shipments of Rice from Baltimore to Charleston, might excite suspicion, but not from Charleston to Baltimore. We are of opinion that the act of congress does not authorise the detention of this vessel; that without the sanction of law, the Collector is not justified by the instructions of the Executive, in exercising restraint upon commerce, even if this case had been contemplated by the letter alluded to, but that from a temperate consideration of that letter, this case does not appear to come within the spirit and meaning of the instructions which it contains. A mandamus was ordered accordingly, commanding the Collector to grant a Resource

FOR SALE,  20 PUNCHEONS  Choice Antigua Rum, Russell & Wallace. May 31 1808 1m  MATTRESSES OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS, MADE and repaired, agreeably to order, in the large wooden house opposite the Old City Tavern, two squares below the market bridge, Richmond. J. S. Pleasants. May 31, 1808 tf
Two Elegant Rooms  TO RENT. Enquire of the Printer. tf May 2, 1808.  Joseph Marx & Co. Have on hand an assortment GERMAN OZNAUBURGS, TICKLENBURGS, DOWLASS, and TOWELLING, by the bale, box or piece. COGNAC BRANDY and MOLASSES. SACK SALT, coarse and fine. Which they will sell for cash, tobacco, or approved paper. Richmond, April 28, 1808. tf
Penitentiary Store. SHOES at the Manufacture of the Penitentiary have been lately REDUCED, consider- ably below their former prices. D. J. BURR, Agent. 10 h May, 1808.  Horses for sale. FOR SALE at the Stable of the Bell- Tavern, THREE ELEGANT SAD- DLE HORSES, each 4, 5 and 6 years old. Apply to ROBERT TURNER. Bell Tavern, 9th May, 1808. tf
Cut Herrings and Shad. THE Subscribers are receiving a few hun- dred barrels of Cut Herrings and one hun- dred barrels Shad, IN PRIME ORDER, which they will sell on moderate terms for cash or ap- proved paper at 30 cays. IN STORE, Salt in Sacks and a General Assort- ment of Groceries. RUSSELL & WALLACE. May 24, 1808. 1m
10 Dollars Reward RUNAWAY from the subscriber on the 11th of December last, a negro woman named CHARLOTTE late the property of a Mrs. Timberlake of Hanover county. She is of a light complexion about five feet high, has a scar on her forehead, supposed to be 35 or 36 years old. It is supposed she is harbored in Rich- mond by her husband who is hired at the Armo- ry, or in New Kent by some of his relations, or acquaintances. The above reward will be paid to any person who will deliver the said woman to the sub- scriber or secure her in any Jail. WILLIAM W. DICKINSON Richmond, April 27, 1808. [f]
By virtue of a deed of trust exe- cuted to the subscriber by Zachariah Hall, will be sold to the highest bidder for rea- dy money at Hallsburg, Chesterfield coun- ty, on Friday the tenth of June next, two horses, one cow and calf, three feather beds and furniture, one book case, two ta- bles, fourteen chairs, and two carts, or as much thereof as will raise the sum of three hundred and eighteen dollars and seventy seven cents, with interest from the thirti- eth of October 1807, including expenses of sale &c. due from said Z. Hall to A. Fos- ter. WM: DAVIDSON, Trustee. May 20, 1807. (tds.)
Lot and parcel of Land, lying and being in the county of Henrico contig- uous to the city of Richmond, being a part of the same Lot and parcel of Land, conveyed by Richard Adams and Elizabeth, his wife, to said Moses Davis by deed dated 3d day of March, 1807, beginning and running on the road or street, leading from the Market House, in the city a- foresaid, to Du Val's Village north 1-2 de- grees, west 4 chains and 32 links, to a street for- ty feet wide, dividing said lot and parcel of land, and the lot formerly William Cannon's, now John Doyle's, and building on said street, north 89 degrees, east, 4 chains and 94 links to the cor- ner of the said street; thence on the back street, south 4-1-2 degrees, west 4 chains 32 links to a corner street 40 feet wide next towards said ci- ty, and binding on said street, south 89 degrees, west 4 chains, 36 links to the said road about the beginning, with the buildings and improve- ments thereon, consisting of
A Large Framed House, making three tenements—or so much of said premises as will raise the instalments, or balance now due of the aforesaid debt, with the interest thereon, and the charges and expenses attending the sale. The sale will commence at or after 10 o'clock in the morning. George Wm. Smith. City of Richmond, May 24, 1808 tds
Sale of Negroes. IN pursuance of a deed of trust executed to me by John Ogby of the county of Ferson, North Carolina, for purposes therein expressed, I shall on the 9th of June next, if fair, if not the next fair day, proceed to sell, at the Red House in Caswell county, [N. C.] to the highest bidder, for ready money, the following slaves to wit: James, Davy, Tom, Adam, Bob, and Major, or as many of them as will be sufficient to answer the purposes of said deed. Wm. S. Archer. May 20, 1808 tds
10 Dollars Reward. RUNAWAY from the Subscriber in the latter part of the year 1807, a negro boy by the name of ISHAM, he is of a thin visage, and a pleasing countenance when spoken to, about 16 or 17 years old. The last information that I had of him was crossing Mayo's bridge on his way to Manchester. I do suppose that he is at this time in Petersburg where his father lives, a free man by the name of Jesse Logan; or at his his grand father's Jacob Logan, of about twelve miles below the city Richmond. I will give a reward of ten dollars if delivered to me in Pow- hatan county near the courthouse, or right if confined in jail and I apprised of it; he is of dark complexion. Joseph Howard. May 22, 1808. 2wp
Notice. THAT in virtue of a deed of trust executed to me by John Williamson, Jr. and duly re- corded in the Richmond district court, I shall on Thursday the 16th day of June next, upon the premises; proceed to expose to sale by public auction for ready money,  100 Acres of Land, for so much thereof as shall or may be necessa- ry to satisfy the objects of the said trust, ) lying in the county of Henrico, and being part of the tract of land wherein the said Williamson now resides, and which part adjoins the lands of Na- thaniel Wilkinson, Charles Sneed and Thomas Taylor, and is so to be laid off. Watson Patman, trustee. Henrico, 28th May, 1808 ds
Mr John Warren, administrator of Jo-  seph Fuqua, deceased: AS you are not an inhabitant of the State of Virginia, and have no known agent therein, I take this method of giving you notice that, on the first Monday in August next, between the hours of nine in the morning and of sunset of that day I shall, at Chater's court house, in the state of Virginia, proceed to take the affidavit of William Morton, Francis Scott, and other witnesses in my favor, in support of an injunc- tion which I have obtained from the Superior Court of Chancery for the Richmond District to stay proceedings on a judgment of Prince Ed- ward District Court entered in your favor against me as executor of William Price, dec'd. I am, Sir, yours, &c. William Price. Amelia county, Virginia, May 26 1808. 4-
RANAWAY IN the Spring of 1806, a negro wench named LUCY, who was born in Petersburg, her fa- ther belonged to captain Stratton, near City Point, her mother to Mr. John Bolan, near Po- cohontas Bridge, her father's name was Abram who used to drive a carriage, she lived some time in Richmond, and was brought to South Caro- lina by Mr. Thomas Moore, from whom the Sub- scriber purchased her in 1804; she went off with a negro man named Edward, and they were both taken up and confined in jail at the Bowling Green, from whence they made their escape in the Summer of 1806, and are now supposed to be in Richmond or Petersburg. Lucy is of a light complexion, 5 feet 1 or 2 in- ches high, of an artful look. Fifty dollars will be paid for lodging her in any jail in Virginia, and one hundred dollars for delivering her to the sub- scriber. Andrew Kerr. Charleston, S. Carolina, May 10, 1808 3t
I WILL DISPOSE OF MY  TRACT OF LAND, LYING in Powhatan county, containing 500 acres of which there is 80 or more prime new grown, which never is, over-drowned by the river Appomattox. There is also a fine mill seat, the dam nearly completed, and timbers ready, got to complete the mill, upon a never-failing stream. The terms will be one half cash, the balance in 12 months. I will sell or lease with any one he- tween this and the 1st July next or otherwise it will be sold upon the premises, to the highest bidder, together with other property. The terms of the personal property will be made known on the day of sale. John H. Saunders. January 5, 1808. ds
TO RENT, A GOOD TENEMENT on Market Alley, opposite the Market House; it is among the best stands in the neigh- borhood for a grocery. For terms apply to the subscriber or to Harry Tompkins. ISAAC WEBSTER. February 15. tf
THE  Elements of Chess; A TREATISE COMBINING THEORY with PRACT- ICE, And Comprising the whole of Philidor's Games, and EXPLANATORY NOTES, new modelled; and arranged upon an original plan. A few copies of the above work for sale at the Argus Book Store. May 31, 1808.
Nos. 5, and 6, of THE  American Military Library OR,  Repository of Modern Tactics: For Sale at this Office. Wirt's Speeches. The Editor of the Argus has lately published the SPEECHES of WILLIAM WIRT, Esq. on the trial of AARON BURR, and others. Blank Bonds For Sale at this Office
JUST RECEIVED, A few hundred barrels cut & whole Herrings  Antigua Rum by the hogshead &  Best Green Coffee by the bag. FOR SALE BY C. H. SAUNDERS, 2d June, 1808. w3m
MEDICINE STORE.  William West, HAS taken the tenement formerly occupied by Doctor Wray, near to the market house, and a few doors below the Old City Tavern, where he has just opened a  Fresh supply of Medicines, AND OTHER ARTICLES IN THE  DRUG LINE. He can confidently recommend them to be fresh and genuine, having been laid in by a particular friend of his, who is a good judge of their dif- ferent qualities. His nearness to the courthouse and market-house, will be a great convenience to his country friends, who may have to attend at either of those places, and who may wish to be supplied with any articles in his line. He will afford regular attention to all orders and receipts that he may be favored with. Captains of vessels and other mariners will be furnished with medicines and casks at low pri- ces. Richmond, June 3, 1808. 1awtf
Grantland & Harwood,   COACH-MAKERS; RESPECTFULLY inform their friends and the public in general, that they have commenced the above business on the back-street, be- tween the Bell Tavern and Col. Mayo's bridge, where they are prepared to make and repair, CIGS, PHAETONS, COACHES, &c. in the latest and most fashionable manner. All new work done by the subs. ribers, will be warranted for twelve months, except it should be broken by accident. Samuel Grantland, jr. Archibald R. Harwood. Richmond, May 31, 1808. w3
Valuable Lands. THE subscriber will sell, on a credit, or ex- change for Property in Richmond or its neighborhood, the following LANDS, to wit: 822 acres in the state of Kentucky, by survey bearing date the 10th day of October 1797, lying and being in the district set apart for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on Little Barren river. Also, 1000 acres, in Kentucky, by survey bearing date the 10th Oct. 1797, likewise ly- ing in the district set apart for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on the north side of Little river, a branch of Cumberland ri- ver, and about two and an half miles from the mouth of Little river. Also, 450 acres of Land in the county of Mas- son, state of Virginia, on Old Town creek, about 8 miles from Mason courthouse. Indispensable titles will be made to the above mentioned lands; and plots of each tract may be seen on application to the subscriber residing in Richmond. THOMAS BOHANNAN. January 23d, 1808. tf
ROBIN REDBREAST. THE imported horse Robin Redbreast, will stand the ensuing season at my stables, in the county of Chesterfield, 15 miles above Petersburg, to cover mares at 25 dollars the season, which may be dis- charged by the payment of 20 dollars at any time before the first day of October next, and one dollar to the groom. Good and ex- tensive pasture gratis, and the strictest attention paid to mares left in my care, but will not be responsible for accidents or es- capes. The pedigree and performance of Robin Redbreast, having been so often published, it is deemed unnecessary now to repeat them, suffice it to say, that he was got by Sir Peter Teazle, out of Wren, his half sis- ter, and is of nearer affinity to Sir Peter Teazle, (undoubtedly the best blood in En- gland) than any horse on this continent— His stock in this country is highly approved of, and run at 2 years old last fall with the greatest credit. THOMAS GOODE. March 19, 1808. N. B. The death of old Diomed, which took place on the 10th instant, has prevent- ed my publication sooner. T. G.
THE  Elements of Chess; A TREATISE COMBINING THEORY with PRACT- ICE, And Comprising the whole of Philidor's Games, and EXPLANATORY NOTES, new modelled; and arranged upon an original plan. A few copies of the above work for sale at the Argus Book Store. May 31, 1808.
Nos. 5, and 6, of THE  American Military Library OR,  Repository of Modern Tactics: For Sale at this Office. Wirt's Speeches. The Editor of the Argus has lately published the SPEECHES of WILLIAM WIRT, Esq. on the trial of AARON BURR, and others. Blank Bonds For Sale at this Office
Penitentiary Store. THE subscriber, Agent for the Penitentiary, offers for sale the following articles, the ma- nufacture of that institution at very low prices for cash only at retail, and at 90 credit at wholesale for approved endorsed negotiable notes CUT NAILS.    Wholesale prices  Retail prices.    3dy  13 cents. 14 cents per lb.    4  12 1-2 13 1-2    6  11 1-2 12 1-2    8  10 1-2 11 1-2    10  10 11    12  10 11    20  10 11   Slating nails 11 1-2 12 1-2 CUT BRADS.    3dy  10 cents. 11 cents per lb.    10  9 1-2 10 1-2    12  Do. Do.    20  Do. Do.   SPRIGS.    3dy  39 cts. p. lb. 50 per m.    4  22 1-3 67    6  17 84   WROUGHT NAILS and BRADS.    6dy  13 14 per lb.    8  12 1-2 13 1-3    10  12 13    12  11 1-2 12 1-2    20  11 12    30  11 12   Spikes of all sizes same price as 30dy. nails. Broad and narrow Axes, Hatches, Hoes, Plough Shares and Coulters, Hinges, Wedges, Ham- mers, Penders, Traces and Stretchers, Tin Ware, &c. &c.
Boots and Shoes. Fair tops, back straps, $ 9 Ditto 8 Suwarrows, 7 Half Boots, 5 Plantation and light fine shoes, 106 a 12 1/2 Do. second & third qualities, 78 a 98 Negro shoes (strong) 68 a 78 Girls do. 48 a 48 Boys do. 38 a 68 Children's shoecees, 38 a 48 Fire Buckets $ 4 a $ 5 per pair Bridles, Surcingles, Whip thongs, Spur lea- thers, Hame strings, Back Bands, Lead- ing, Garden, Hambro and Fishing lines. Any of the above articles made to orders left at the Penitentiary Store, second door above the Eagle Tavern. D. J. BURR April 26, 1808. (2aw1m1awtf) The shoes are reduced much below the former prices.
American Literature.  Just Published, By C & A Conrad & Co Philadelphia, and for sale by Samuel Pleasants, Jr. Richmond;  The Columbiad; A Poem in 10 Books—By Joel Barlow. THIS title announces a work of the highest interest that the res gestae of our country or of any other can furnish. With regard to the merits of the execution, it would ill become us, the publishers, to speak in that strain of commen- dation which alone would give utterance to our sentiments. Of this, the public, to whom it is now offered, will judge for themselves. We will only state one circumstance, which ought to be understood by the purchaser before we solicit his patronage. The ancient Juvenile Poem of Mr Barlow called the Vision of Columbus, is so far absorbed in this, as henceforward to disap- pear from the list of his works. All that he has thought worthy of the subject in that Poem has been incorporated in this—which may amount to one fourth or one third of the former work. He has now in his mature years and judgment, ta- ken a much wider range over the immense re- gions of fact and fancy, than the fortunes of this hemisphere have opened to his view, and "the work is now probably destined to stand, the epic song of his country." No pains or expense have been spared to give it a dress and ornament suitable to its intrinsic merit. It is in one volume royal quarto illustrated by twelve engravings on the following subjects: I. Hesper's appearance to Columbus in prison. II. Capac and Oella instructing the savages in agriculture and the domestic arts—III. Zamor killed by Capac—IV. Inquisition—V. Cesar passing the Rubicon—VI. Guatly presiding over the Prison Ship—VII. Murder of Lucinda —VIII. Copawalla resigning his sword to Wash- ington—IX. Rape of the Golden Fleece—X. Initiation to the Mysteries of Iris—XI. Final resignation of prejudices. These eleven subjects were painted by the cele- brated Smirke, expressly for this poem. The pictures are now exhibited in the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, where the public can ex- amine their admirable execution, and form some idea of the expense and labor bestowed on the decorations of this work. They were engraved by the first artists in England; and the engrav- ings were in such high estimation among the ama- teurs, that several proof copies were sold in Lon- don at six guineas a set. To these is added a por- trait of the author, painted by Robert Fulton, and finely engraved by Arthur Smith. The paper, we believe, is better than any be- fore made in this country; and the printing by Fry & Kammere, may be regarded as a speci- men of typography hitherto unsurpassed, and seldom equalled in the world.
Also just received, and for sale as above, THE 2d No of Col. TOWNSEND'S American ARTILLERIST'S COMPANION. The Discarded Son; or Haunt of the Banditti; a tale; by Regina Maria Roche, author of the Children of the Abbey, &c &c Modern Chivalry; containing the adventures of a captain, and Teague O'Regan his servant, by H. H. Brackenridge The Lay of the Last Minstrel, a Poem; by Wal- ter Scott. The Horrors of St. Domino; written by a Lady at Cape Francois. The Lay of an Irish Harp; The Wild Irish Girl, and S. Clair. By Miss Owenson. The Pleasures of Hope and Pleasures and Pains of Memory. Jonathan Poffree, of the Ho- nest Yankee; a musical farce, in 3 acts. By L. Beach. April 3 1808. w6t
For sale at the Argus Book-Store,  MEMOIRS OF  WILLIAM SAMPSON, Including particulars of his adventures in various parts of Europe; his confinement in the dun- geon of the Inquisition in Lisbon, &c. &c. SEVERAL ORIGINAL LETTERS. Being his correspondence with the ministers of state in Great Britain and Portugal A short sketch of the HISTORY OF IRELAND, Particularly as it respects the spirit of British Do- mination in that country; and a few observati- ons on the state of manners, &c in America
20 Dollars Reward. Runaway from the Subscriber liv- ing in Halifax county, at the fork of Dan and Banister river, on or about the 23d day of Au- gust last, SHADRACK, a negro man slave, aged between thirty five and forty years. He is a sensible well informed fellow, is an excellent house servant, to which business and that of a groom he was principally applied for some time by capt. John A. Fawkes his late master, pre- vious to my purchasing him of his executors, which was only two days before his elopement. His complexion is not entirely black, but yellow- ish, yet of the negro yellow; has a defect in the right eye which is nearly if not quite blind, occa- sioned by an inflammation, and both eyes gene- rally shew inflamed symptoms—he also has had an arm broken, but this will not be perceived without particular examination—he has a bold, o- pen appearance, is well made, about five feet six or seven inches high, as well as recollection—un- commonly complacent and conversable for a slave, and capable if he attempts it of much decepti- on. He carried away with him a considerable variety of good clothes, a snuff colored cloth coat is particularly recollected, is very fond of dress, and it is expected will appear well as to that article and attempt to pass as a free man; to effect which, it is probable, the indulgence af- forded him by his late master and particularly the confidence placed in him in his last illness, was made use of to supply himself with cash— and that he has since procured from some evil disposed person false papers against which the public are cautioned in confiding. The above reward will be paid to any person delivering him to me, at my residence, or securing him in any jail so that I get him again as well as all legal and reasonable expenses. William Owen. w12p
Richmond Tile Manufactory. THE subscriber having procured the ex- clusive right to manufacture in this and several other states Harwood's much improved Patent Tile for covering houses, and at considerable expense erected the ne- cessary buildings, &c. for carrying on that useful business extensively, now offers to supply, at a short notice, any quantity that may be required, at the moderate price of Thirty Five Dollars per thousand, deliv- ered at his factory. He can with confidence, founded on ac- tual experiment, in the covering of about 20 houses in this city, assert, that houses can be covered with this tile as cheap in the first instance, as with shingles of the first quality, and when the security against fire, the difference of insurance, the dura- bility and particular construction on these tile to resist the most penetrating rains and snows are considered, he cannot doubt of meeting with considerable encouragement. It requires only the examination of a well covered roof to convince the most prejudi- ced mind of their superiority to any other tile heretofore made, or to the best slate, and will cost less than the latter, after pay- ing the expense of water carriage to al- most any part of this continent. Particular attention will be paid to orders from other towns, and in all cases where they are shipped, he will deliver them whole and sound, along side of the vessels, at the expense of carriage only to the pur- chasers. Any person skilled in the art of tiling, will put on those tile with great fa- cility, but where they cannot be procured, he can engage a few here who have had some experience, and will go a moderate distance, if the job is of sufficient magnitude and their travelling expenses paid. BENJAMIN DU VAL. Richmond, March 12, 1808.
N. B. I wish to sell Patent Rights in se- veral other states. wtf B. D.
Wm. & Mary College. THE visitors of Wm. & Mary College, are re- minded that the semi-annual  Examination of the Students and Grammar Boys, will commence on the 28th day of June. Frequent trials to obtain a meet- ing, have heretofore failed in consequence of some of the members not finding it convenient to attend. This not only augments the labor to those who make it convenient to attend—but the interests of the College are neglected. Samuel Tyler, Rector. Williamsburg, May 31, 1808. 5
Land for Sale. PURSUANT to a deed of trust executed to the subscribers by John C. Miller, for the pur- pose of securing the payment of sundry debts therein mentioned: will be sold upon the first Monday in January 1808 for cash, upon the premises, a tract of land, mentioned in said deed, lying upon the waters of Lockton's and Harris creek, in the county of Prince Edward, and sup- posed to contain between six and seven hundred acres. We shall make such title as is transfer- red to us by said Miller, saving all former incum- brances. The improvements upon this land are such as are usual upon snug plantations in this part of the country, but better fenced than usual. Charles Woodson, James Madison, Trustees. Prince Edward, Oct. 15, 1807. The above sale is postponed till Tues- day the 28th day of June next. 10w
COW POX. THE Subscriber informs those that wish to be vaccinated, that he has re- ceived fresh Matter from Dr. Balfour, (Norfolk) which has succeeded in several instances and is now fit for inoculation. Danl. Wm. Sackrider. Richmond, June 6th, 1808. 4t
Pamphlets,  CARDS,  HAND-BILLS,  LAWYERS,  CLERKS & SHERIFFS BLANKS, &c. ARE NEATLY AND EXPEDITIOUSLY PRINTED AT THE  ARGUS OFFICE, ON MODERATE TERMS.