The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-08-02 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE.....AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 25.]
RICHMOND, FRIDAY MORNING, AUGUST 2, 1805.
[VOLUME 2.]
BROKER'S OFFICE.
THE Subscriber has opened a Broker's Office, opposite the Union Tavern, and over the Counting-house of Thomas and Assis Ladd. All business confided to him, will be transacted with strict fidelity.
THOMAS NORVELL.
HE HAS FOR SALE,
VIRGINIA BANK STOCK, on a credit to full purchasers. July 26. if
ADVERTISEMENT.
A RICHMOND BANK NOTE of 100 dols. was deposited with me by George C. Carter for safe keeping; this Note was taken from the possession of a slave in this place, who was unacquainted with its real value, and it is presumed he acquired it improperly. Any person who will describe the said slave, or afford evidence of his ownership, shall receive it upon application; otherwise, the Note will be delivered to the owner of the slave from whom it was taken.
J. C. BROWN. (FSt.)
Manchester, July 30.
NOTICE.
ON the 29th day of May last the co-partnership of Wm. M. ALLEN & JAMES CODY, under the firm of ALLEN & CODY, of Ca Ira, was dissolved by mutual consent. All persons indebted to Allen & Cody are desired to come forward and close their accounts by bond or otherwise; and all persons having demands against them, are requested to make them known, that they may be adjusted for payment. Either of the partners at Ca Ira are authorised to settle accounts or to make and receive payments.
WILLIAM M. ALLEN, JAMES CODY. (epSt.)
Cumberland, July 9.
TO BE SOLD,
On the 3d day of August next, at James Lewis's Tavern, in the town of Charlottesville:
JOHN HENDERSON'S interest in the following Negroes, to wit: Ned, Titus, Harry, Cloe, and her five children, Cate, Annah, Silvia, Jenny, (or Jeannette), and Rachell, with their increase: or so many thereof as will be sufficient to satisfy a debt due Thomas Garth, feoff, of £255 19s. 10d. with interest thereon from the 17th March, 1802, together with the legal costs attending the sale.
JAMES LEWIS, THOS. GARTH, Jr. } Trustees. (epSw)
July 16.
IN pursuance of an act of the General Assembly of this commonwealth, entitled, an act authorising the appointment of a mathematical surveyor of the city of Richmond, and for other purposes, passed the eighth day of January, 1805.
PUBLIC NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that in virtue of a writ of ad quod damnum issued from the court of the county of Henrico, and to me directed, I shall on the 15th day of August next, with a jury, meet on the lands through which the common council of the city of Richmond, propose to extend the cross street of said city to James river, to connect that part of the town lying on the east side of Shockoe creek, with that on the west side thereof, by a continuation of the several streets already laid out across the said creek till their junction with each other; and to lay out and extend the way now used as a street from the northern boundary of the city of Richmond, to run by Tate's tan-yard to the market-house, and from thence continued along Robert Mitchell's Tenement to the river, and extend the pier from the old dock factory near the margin of the river to Rockets landing as the same is now used; and there to view the lands and carry into effect the said writ of ad quod damnum.
N. SHEPPARD, Deputy for William Mayo.
July 19. 4154.
BENJAMIN DUVAL,
AT THE SIGN OF THE GOLDEN MORTAR, RICHMOND,
HAS just received a very large and extensive assortment of fresh MEDICINES, SURGEON'S INSTRUMENTS, DRUGS and DYE-STUFFS, PAINTS of all kinds, OIL, VARNISHES, PUTTY, &c.
Also a complete assortment of HATTERS' MATERIALS, CONSISTING OF
  Hatters' Irons Crude Tartar   Logwood Bacon Irons   Coppers Bow-Strings   Verdegreafe Linings   Fulfeer Galeons   Spanish Indigo Taffet Bands   Oil of Vitriol Rubbing Dishes   Aq. Fortis Stamper   Quickfilver Trenchers, &c. 
Which added to his former stock, completes an assortment that was never equalled in his line of business, in this city.
He thanks his customers for past favors, and hopes to merit a continuation of their custom. His former attention to the quality of his Medicines, importing them in their crude state, that he might be able to judge of their quality, and powdering and preparing them under his immediate inspection, have contributed to his present establishment; and opposition he presumes will not relax his exertions to give general satisfaction in future.
His experience for more than 12 years past, as Apothecary and Druggist in this city, added to a small book of Medical Information acquired before, enables him, he thinks, to form a tolerably correct judgment as to the quality of Drugs and Medicines, although he cannot boast of honors conferred on him, greater than the confidence of numerous and respectable customers.
In regard to his wholesale prices, he promises to furnish each of his wholesale customers, with a printed price current, as soon as possible, and feels himself confident in their approbation, knowing that no one in this state can afford to undersell him. This he intends to do, not to get other customers from them, but to secure his own.
Any articles that may be ordered, and not approved of as to quality, may be returned if in good order, and in a reasonable time.
June 7.
(Sw&ett)
TO BE SOLD,
On liberal credit, and in lots to suit purchasers, ROM two hundred and fifty to three hundred acres of LAND, in the county of Henrico, about four miles from Richmond—a distance which renders it but little liable to pillage, yet sufficiently near to one of the best and most improving markets in the United States.
The advantages of small farms near large towns, are obvious and generally admitted, as not to require particular enumeration. Persons residing in the city with large families, and who are obliged to keep horses, would be enabled in one year to pay more than the original purchase. For further particulars enquire of Mr. Thomas Norvell.
May 14.
(postf.)
A VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE.
THE Subscriber wishes to sell his FARM adjacent to the town of New-Castle, in the county of Hanover, containing three hundred acres: situated within one quarter of a mile of Pamunkey river, where there is good navigation for vessels of fifty tons burthen, and distant from the city of Richmond eighteen miles. This farm is remarkably compact, and nearly a perfect level; adjoins the lands of Messrs. George and Thomas Blakey, Capt. Parke Street, and Mr. Dibdol Talley, and bounded next the river by the Lane leading from New-Castle to Hanover Town; is in quality not inferior to any land on said river, as any person disposed to purchase, doublets, will be satisfied of on examining the premises. On this farm there is a very good Overseer's house, a small barn, and some negro quarters.
The subscriber, now living in the town of New-Castle, will treat with any person disposed to purchase until the 10th September next; when, if it is not sold, it will be offered for sale at PUBLIC AUCTION, to the highest bidder, on the premises, for one third cash, one third in twelve months, and one third in six months after.
There is as much of this land now in corn, as will admit of the sowing of 120 bushels of wheat.
At the same time will be offered for sale, The STOCK of Horses, Cattle, Hogs, Plantation Utensils, &c. ALSO, Two TENEMENTS in the town of New-Castle, one of which the subscriber now occupies, consisting of a commodious house, calculated for a Tavern, (being the best stand in the place), with necessary and convenient out-houses; annexed to this tenement is an excellent garden, a stable and stable lot, and one suitable for clover. The other Tenement, situated in the centre of the town, consists of an acre Lot, a dwelling house, kitchen and meat house, all calculated for a private family.
Will also be sold, The Subscriber's Household and Kitchen FURNITURE.—On the last mentioned property the terms will be made known on the day of sale.
WILLIAM COCHRAN. (14 S.)
New-Castle, July 16.
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND,
MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use. Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale. Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot.
A—The length of the Boot. C—round the Calf. E—The pitch of dirt. D—round the heel and instep. F—round the instep. G—across the ball of the foot. H—The heel against a perpendicular, and I—across at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. January 1. epSt.
January 1. epSt.
ABSCONDED,
The second time, in the month of February:
JACK, sometimes known by the name of Jack Ash. He is upwards of 50 years of age, a gardner by profession, rather under the middle size. He was purchased of Lewis Burwell's estate in January 1804. He is well known in and about the city of Richmond, Amelie, in the county of Chesterfield, where he has a number of free connections, and in the neighbourhood of Williamsburg. 'Tis very certain that he is lurking about one of the above places, most likely Richmond, where he has a free woman for a wife. Mr. William Roff is authorised to give a reward of THIRTY DOLLARS on delivery of the above Jack Ash to him. May 31. [FSt.]
Pleadings of Council,
ON THE IMPEACHMENT OF JUDGE CHASE.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23.
MR. MARTIN, in continuation.
My observations thus far have been principally with a view to establish the true construction of our constitution, as relates to the doctrine of impeachment. I, now, Mr. President, will proceed to the particular case before this honorable court, and in the first place I agree with the honorable managers, that there is a manifest difference even between the credibility of witnesses, and the credibility of testimony, for I admit, if witnesses are equally credible, and some done, and others that they did not hear the words, or that they did not see the acts done, the presumption is certainly in favour of the positive, and against the negative testimony. But this must be admitted with considerable restrictions.
If, immediately after a transaction, there is a full and clear memory of the words spoken, or the acts done, there is great reason to credit the testimony; but even in that case, if there are a number of persons equally respectable, having equal opportunity to hear and see, & who were attentive to what took place, and none of them heard or saw, what is testified by a single witness, there would be great reason to suspect the affirmative witness to be mistaken; more so if the transaction had happened for some years antecedent to the examination.
But as to Hearsay, we do not contradict him merely by negative testimony; we contradict him by a series of positive facts which my honorable colleague (Mr. Key) has detailed, proved by characters, whose veracity cannot be doubted, which positive facts incontrovertibly show that what he swore never could have taken place. And, here again, permit me, Sir, to make a further observation, that, where a person is charged criminally for words he is supposed to have uttered, those words ought to be proved with precision. Every witness on this occasion, who has been examined as to expressions used by my honorable client, either on the one or the other charge which are held as exceptional, declares he cannot pretend to recollect the express words uttered by the judge, but only to state what at this distance of time, he can consider the amount of what was said. Nay, Messrs. Lewis and Dallas declare further, that they cannot pretend to say with accuracy, what part of the conversation, of which they give testimony, took place on the first or the second day, or in
what order. Such kind of testimony, therefore, ought to be received with great caution, and not to be considered as conclusive. On this subject I will trouble this honorable court with a passage from M'Nally's treatise on evidence, page 518.
"It is no evidence in a criminal case, that the defendant said so and so, or in other words to the like effect, because the court must know the very words to judge of their force and effect. 2 Hawk. ca. 46.
"And the reason of this rule is that of words spoken, there can be no tenor, that is transcript, for there is no original to compare them with, as there is of words written: and though there have been attempts to plead a tenor of words spoken, it has never been allowed. And therefore if a plaintiff declares for words spoken, a variance, in the omission or addition of a word, is not material, and it is sufficient, if so many of the words be proved and found as are in themselves actionable. 12 Vip. abr. 68. pl. 46.
"So in Haysley vs. Coke, Easter, 18. Jac. 1. in the Star-chamber. The court held, that if a witness depose that a defendant did persuade a juror to appear and to do him reasonable favor, or words to the like effect, this is no sufficient proof in criminal, because the court must know the very words to judge of their force and effect. Hob. 294. Fos. 200. 1 Hale, p. 6. 111. Kel. 14.
"Hale, Coke, and Foster, fully justify the principle of this rule. Foster says, as to mere words supposed to be treasonable, they differ widely from writings in point of real malignity, and proper evidence. They are always liable to great misconstruction from the ignorance or inattention of the hearers, and too often from a motive truly criminal. And therefore I choose to adhere to the rule which has been laid down on more occasions than once since the revolution, that loose words to any act or design are not overt acts of treason. Fos. 200.
"Keyling says, I see no difference between words reduced into writing and words spoken. Foster answers, the difference appears to me to be very great, and lieth here. Seditions writings are permanent things, and if published, they scatter the poison far and wide. They are acts of deliberation capable of satisfactory proof, and not ordinarily liable to misconstruction; at least they are submitted to the judgment of the court, naked and undigested as they come out of the author's hands. Words are transient and fleeting as the wind, the poison they scatter is at the work confined to the narrow circle of a few hearers: they are frequently the effect of sudden transport, easily misunderstood and often misrepresented. Keyling 13. Fos. 200.
"The suppression of a word or syllable may change the sense; to the change of an emphasis. So words spoken in explanation, conveying by sound and gesture, suprise and abhorrence, may be represented in evidence as spoken blasphemously or seditionally."
Sir Michael Foster, a judge whose worth has seldom been equalled, perhaps never surpassed, and who has so correctly observed, that a popular judge, is one who in his decisions seeks after popularity, one of the most contemptible beings in the world, is referred to as an authority.
This principle equally applies, where a person is charged criminally on account of words spoken, whether the offence is supposed to be treason, or only misdemeanor; the case referred to in Hobart, page 294, is an authority in point; it is true, this case was determined in the Star-Chamber, but being determined in favor of the person accused, it becomes an higher authority; Star-Chamber cases are only complained of on account of their oppression.
I will now, Mr. President, proceed to consider the conduct of my honorable client on the trial of Price, and to examine the law upon that case, and of course to investigate the rights of judges, in criminal cases, as well as the rights of attorneys. I do not mean to go minutely into the testimony, which has been given in that case—but, taking it up as that given by Messrs. Lewis and Dallas, to examine whether the court is to controul the counsel, or to be mere cyphers, destitute of authority to refrain and keep within bounds the lawyers when acting improperly. The whole of the practice, of which I have heard, during this trial, as being usual in the courts of Pennsylvania and Virginia, hath been to me at least as novel as the conduct of judge Chase appears to have been to the honorable managers. I, Sir, have, always considered it the province of the court in the course of a trial in all cases, whether civil or criminal, to declare what is the law. This right is admitted in civil cases, but, it seems, is denied in criminal. And therefore, it is contended, that in criminal cases counsel have a right to address the jury upon the law, and to urge them to determine the law in contradiction to the decision of the court. How dash the jury acquire the power of deciding the law in any case? Because, upon the general issue, having a right to give a general verdict, which involves both law and fact, the jury incidentally have the power to decide the law. But this doth not authorise them to give a verdict contrary to law. When a case comes before a jury, the court informs them what is the law if they believe the facts given in evidence; if they do believe the facts they are bound in duty to decide according to the law thus explained to them by the court. The decision ought to be the same as if the facts had been found by the jury in a special verdict, and the law left to the court. The jury, I admit, have the power to decide the law contrary to the direction of the court, but I deny that they have a right to do it. No person will deny that it is much more proper for the court to decide the law than that it should depend upon jurors, who are in general ignorant of the law. In civil cases a jury sometimes give a verdict contrary to the direction of the court, but the court corrects this abuse of power by interposing and granting a new trial, thereby correcting the evil which would result from such abuse.
Let us then examine this question as to criminal cases. Is it not as important to society, that there should be uniform and fixed principles for the decision in criminal as in civil cases? Would it not be highly improper that one man should be convicted for a crime, and another who had committed the same, be acquitted, merely from the passions, prejudices, or ignorance of jurors, influenced thereby to decide the law, differently in the different cases, though perfectly similar in criminality? No person can doubt on this subject.
Where then is the difference between civil & criminal cases? It is not that the jury have a greater right to decide the law in the last than in the first; but, that having the power to give
a general verdict, which incidentally involves the law, they may give a verdict contrary to law, and contrary to the direction of the court; and the courts of justice, not having in criminal cases, through tendermess, enforced the remedy of a new trial, the abuse of power, thus practised in some cases by juries, have been uncorrected. No person can doubt, but that juries in criminal as well as in civil cases ought to give their verdict according to law, and, whenever they do not, they are answerable to their consciences and to their God however they may be exempt from human punishment.
The right of the court to decide the law is the same in criminal as in civil cases. If there is a demurrer to an indictment, the court decides without the intervention of a jury. If there is a demurrer to evidence, the court decides the law—so if a special verdict is found, which may be found in a criminal, as well as in a civil suit.
The power of the jury, as I have before said, to decide against law, doth not give them the right, any more than the power of a person to knock down a man weaker than himself gives him the right so to do. And if juries in any case, knowingly give a verdict contrary to the law, instead of acting impartially which is the duty of a jury, they act with criminal partiality.
So great is the difference of sentiment between the honorable managers, and some of the witnesses, who have been examined on this trial, and myself, upon the right of juries to decide the law in criminal cases, that in confirmation of my own sentiments, and to convince this honorable court that I do not wish to impose upon them, I hope I shall be indulged in reading to them a very respectable authority upon this subject. It will be found in Co. Lit. 155, as follows:
"The most usual trial of matters of fact, is by twelve such men; for ad questionem factum non respondentur; and matters in law the judges ought to decide and dissent; for, ad questionem juris non respondentur juratores." Upon this is the following note:
"This dictum, as Lord Chief justice Vaughan calls it on account of its frequency in the books, about the respective provinces of judge and jury, hath, since Lord Coke's time, become the subject of very heated controversy, especially on prosecutions for state libels; some aiming to render juries wholly dependent on the judge for matters of law, and others contending for nearly a complete and unqualified independence."
"In respect to my own ideas on this subject, says Mr. Hargrave, they are at present to this effect."
"On the one hand, as the jury may as often as they think fit, find a general verdict, I therefore think it unquestionable, that they so far may decide upon the law as well as fact, such a verdict necessarily involving both. In this I have the authority of Littleton himself, who writes, that if the inquest will take upon them the knowledge of the law upon the matter, they may give their verdict generally:
"But on the other hand I think it seems clear, that questions of law generally and more properly belong to the judges; and that exclusively of the fitness of having the law expounded by those who are trained to the knowledge of it by long study and practice, this appears from various considerations.
"1st. If the party litigating, agree in their facts, the cause can never go to a jury, but is tried on a demurrer; it being a rule, and I believe without exception, that issues in law are ever determined by the judges, and only issues of fact are tried by a jury.
"2d. Even when an issue in fact is joined, and comes before a jury for trial, either party, by demurring to evidence, which includes an admission of the fact to which the evidence applies, may so far draw the cause from the cognizance of the jury, for in that case the law is reserved for the decision of the court from which the issue of the fact comes, and the jury is either discharged, or at the utmost, only ascertain the damages."
"3d. The jury is supposed to be so inadequate to finding out the law, that it is incumbent upon the judge who presides at the trial, to inform them what the law is; and, as a check to the judge in the discharge of his duty, either party may, under the statute of Westminster, the 3d. C. 31. make his exception in writing to the judges direction, and inforce its being made a part of the record, so as afterwards to found error upon it."
"4th. The jury is ever at liberty to give a special verdict, the nature of which is to find the fact at large, and leave the conclusion of law to the judges of the court from which the issue comes. Formerly indeed it was doubted, whether in certain cases in which the issue was of a very limited and restrained kind, the jury was not bound to find a general verdict. But the contrary was settled in Downman's case, 9. Coke, 11. b. and the rule now holds both in criminal and civil cases without exception."
"5th. Whilst attainders, which still subsist in law were in use, it was hazardous in a jury to find a general verdict where the cause was doubtful, and they were apprised of it by the judges, because if they mistook the law, they were in danger of an attainder."
"6th. If the jury find the facts specially, and add their conclusion as to the law, it is not binding on judges, but they have a right to control the verdict, and declare the law as they conceive it to be."
"7th. The courts have long exercised the power of granting new trials in civil cases where the jury find against that, which the judge trying the cause, or the court at large, holds to be law; or where the jury find a general verdict, and the court conceives that on account of difficulty of law there ought to have been a special one. Though too in criminal and penal cases, the judges do not claim such a discretion against persons acquitted, the reason I presume is in respect of the rule that nemo bis puniatur aut excutiat pro eodem delicto, or the hardship which would arise from allowing a person to be put twice in jeopardy for one offence, and if this be so, it only shews that on that account, an exception is made to a general rule. Upon the whole, as my mind is affected with this interesting subject the result is, that the immediate and direct rights of deciding upon questions of law, is entrusted to the judges; that in a jury it is only incidental; that in the exercises of this incident right the latter are not only placed under the superintendence of the former, but are in some degree controllable by them; and therefore, that in all points of law, arising on a
trial, juries ought to shew the most respectful deference to the advice and recommendation of judges. In favor of this conclusion, the conduct of juries bears ample testimony; for to their honor it should be remembered, that the examples of their refusing the advice of a judge, in points of law, are rare, except where they have been provoked into such an opposition by the grossness of his own misconduct, or betrayed into an unjust suspicion of his integrity by the misrepresentations and ill practices of others. In civil cases, particularly where the title to real property is in question, juries almost universally find a special verdict as often as the judge recommends their so doing; and, though in criminal cases special verdicts are not frequent, it is not from any averleness to them in juries, but from the nature of criminal cases, which generally depend more upon the evidence of facts than any difficulty of law. Nor is it any small merit in this arrangement, that in consequence of it, every person accused of a civil crime, is enabled by the general plea of not guilty, to have the benefit of a trial, in which the Judge and jury are a check upon each other; and that this benefit may be always enjoyed, except in such small offences as are left to the summary jurisdiction of a Justice of the peace, which exception, from the necessity of the times, is continually increasing, but which however cannot be too cautiously extended to new objects. Thus considered, the distinction between the office of judge and jury seems to claim our utmost respect. May this wise distribution of power between the two, long continue to flourish, unspoiled either by the proud encroachments of ill-delighting Judges, or the wild presumption of licentious juries."
In this prayer I most cordially join, and with the learned commentator, hope that this wise distribution of power may long continue to flourish unimpaired either by the proud encroachments of ill-delighting Judges, or the wild presumption of licentious juries. Such as I have here stated, I consider the principles of the English law, and to these principles I cheerfully subscribe.
But the principles adopted on this impeachment, and advocated, as I understand, by the honorable managers, appear to me to have a direct tendency to break down every barrier between the province of the court and the jury, giving every thing to the latter and nothing to the former; and so far from placing them or the counsel under the direction and controul of the court, prohibit the court from restraining either the jury or the counsel, under the danger of impeachment. I differ with them. In any case the law is known to be settled by a uniformity of decisions, a court of justice itself it is permitted counsel to take up their time in arguing against it. If the question is not considered as fully settled, counsel certainly ought to be heard, but it is to the court they ought to address themselves. In England the first lawyers who have ever existed, have not thought themselves degraded by arguing the law in criminal as well as in civil cases, before the court. If counsel should attempt to impose on the jury what is not law, is the court to sit tamely by, and suffer them to proceed? Such has not been the practice in the courts which I have attended. Where the law is known to be settled, or where, upon application to the court, a determination is given, the counsel must go before the jury upon the fact, and endeavor to distinguish his case, and show that it doth not come within the law as established; for should counsel attempt to state any thing to the jury, which appears designed to controvert the law as declared, they are immediately stopped by the court, and to permit would be considered highly indecorous, nor would the court permit it to be done. In Maryland the lawyers do not claim as a constitutional right, to mislead and deceive the judges, much less to mislead and deceive the jurors, free from any control of the court.
But it has been said that juries are most proper to decide the law in criminal cases, thereby to prevent a criminal from being borne down and oppressed by the weight of the prosecuting power. What case can arise in this country, to which this argument can apply? In England, before the revolution, while judges were dependent on the crown, if also wicked and corrupt, there might, where government was interested, be some such cases. But is our situation to be compared to that of England, at that time? If so, it was not worth while for us to have taken upon ourselves the risks of the late revolution to have changed our government.
Is there any thing to induce Judges to oppress any individual even though offensive to government, while they are independent? Any danger of that kind is to be apprehended from Judges who are dependent.
And hence flowed the great constitutional provision, which secures the independence of the Judges, which secures them from being removed or punished while they discharge their duty.
What probability is there that a Judge would do injustice to any person with a view to please any party, when he could have but very little prospect of reward, and would be sure that if he did his duty he could not be removed from office or exposed to injury?
I with this honorable court to reflect on the nature of man. In a government like ours, there will always be majorities and minorities. Minorities will often be powerful, and frequently in due time become majorities: If a Judge should do an act pleasing to the majority, he must know it may render him hateful to the minority, who in course of events, may get the power in their hands. If he endeavors to ingratiate himself with the minority, he exposes himself to the displeasure of the ruling majority. It is the duty of a judge to enforce the laws, while they exist, however unpopular those laws may be to any portion of the community. If he enforces such laws, he will gain the approbation of one party, but he will as certainly be disapproved by the other. Would you then with the your judges should be exposed to be removed from office because, by the most honest conduct, they had displeased one party or the other, and leave them at the mercy of those who should from time to time, hold the power of government in their own hands? No; it is the sacred independence of the Judiciary, and that alone, which can be the best security that the Judges shall not act with oppression.
But let me ask further, are juries more free from undue influence than judges? Have they greater inducements to do what is right? They do not possess the elevated situation of the judges, they feel not the same responsibility; whatever may be the impropriety of their conduct, it would probably be scarcely heard of out of their

own neighborhood, not long even there. They are liable to all the political prejudices of men devoted to the different parties which may exist. They are generally men totally ignorant of the law; nay, I shall prove when I come to speak of the case, that, though the managers contend the jury should decide the law, yet ignorance of the law is by them considered the first recommendation of any, a necessary requisite for a juror! Can it then be well to reduce a Judge to the humiliating situation of having the law declared by such a body, exposed to be led into error by the ingenuity of counsel? Can it be the wish of this court to trust their property, their lives, all that is most dear to them, even as to legal questions, to the will of a set of men, liable to all the frailties of human nature, in preference to the sound discretion of Judges well skilled in the law, and holding a high and responsible station? Having laid down these general principles as to the relative rights and duties of the court, the bar, and the jury, I shall proceed with my application to the state of Pennsylvania. It was known that John Fries, charged with treason, had, on a former trial, been found guilty, and that a new trial had been granted upon a suggestion, which I hope will not become a precedent—will never be a rule for decisions. When I say this, I mean not to detract from the merit of that highly respectable character who presided, and who granted the new trial. His conduct flowed, I am convinced, from his humanity; his was the error of the heart, not of the head. It was an honest, nay an amiable error. My hon. client knew, when he arrived at Philadelphia, that the trial of Fries was to take place that term. He has been acknowledged by the hon. managers, to be a gentleman of the highest legal talents. In this they have only done him justice; and have been as prodigal of their praise as his warmest friends could have wished. It would have given me great pleasure if they had been as just in expressing their sense of his integrity. He had been in the practice of the law for forty years, and also a Judge for a number of years, and for about six years I believe, presided in the criminal court of Baltimore county, where, during that time, there were more criminal trials probably than in any other court in America. I believe I speak moderately, when I say that I have attended on behalf of the state, at least five thousand criminal trials in that court. From those circumstances it is to be presumed that he was not deficient in knowledge of what related to criminal proceedings, but would have acted the part of an upright Judge, if he had not endeavored to make himself master of the law of treason, when a case of that nature was about to come before him; particularly the law of treason, as it related to levying war against the United States, or in adhering to those who levied war against them, which is the only kind of treason that our constitution acknowledges; although I have heard I must own, of treason against the principles of the constitution, and treason against the sovereignty of the people, words well enough suited to a popular harangue, or a newspaper essay, but not for a court of justice. (To be continued.)
European Intelligence.
NEW-YORK, July 24. Since our last we have received, by the ship Belvidere , from Liverpool, our files of London papers to the 30th of May. The following paragraphs are from a paper of the 29th.
LONDON, May 29. The Hon. Robert Dundas Saunders, son of Viscount Melville, gave notice yesterday in the House of Commons of his intention to move, on the day when the impeachment should be proposed by Mr. Whitbread, that leave be given to Viscount Melville to appear in that house to defend himself. This notice is no doubt given by his Lordship's particular request, that he may avail himself of the only opportunity which may be presented of making his defence. Mr. Dundas Saunders' motion, there is every reason to believe, will be agreed to by the House of Commons. It is an extraordinary circumstance, and consequently worthy of particular attention. Many years have elapsed since a similar motion.
We believe that Peers have from the earliest times been admitted into the House of Commons, either to defend themselves, or for other purposes. The mode of receiving a Peer is stated in Mr. Hatfield's excellent book of precedents. He is attended from the door of the House by the Serjeant at Arms, with the Mace, making three obeisances to the House; a chair is set for him within the bar, on the left hand, as he enters, in which he sits down covered, the Speaker informing him that there is a chair for his Lordship to repose himself in. When he rises to speak in his defence, he speaks uncovered. He may be admitted into the house as soon as the member who moves the impeachment rises. When that member has finished his speech the Peer gets up, and, after he has finished, he withdraws, making the same obeisances to the House; the Serjeant with the Mace accompanying him to the door. The last peer admitted into the body of the House was Lord Balcarres, on the 27th of May, 1779, who was examined relative to Sir Wm. Howe's conduct in America, and had a chair set for him within the bar.
BOSTON, July 23. Crescent papers to the 7th of June, containing London dates to the 3d, were received on Sunday, by the ship Hibernia .
No authentic intelligence of the destination of the Combined Fleet had been received in England; but news, that Lord Nelson had passed Gibraltar had reached London, and raised expectations that he would either overtake the enemy, or so closely pursue them as to prevent their accomplishing any thing of consequence. The fleet at the Toulon , at Brest and Berlin continued, in apparent perfect readiness for sea. It is said, under the Madrid head, that a Squadron had sailed from Cartagena . The greatest activity prevailed in all the dock-yards, &c. in Great-Britain to augment the number of ships in service. The embargo, which afforded an opportunity of collecting a large number of men for the navy, was continued.
The Dunloque flota was very numerous, and received almost daily augmentations from the other French ports in the Channel. Fresh troops had also been marched thither; and it was said Bonaparte was to visit that place immediately on his return from Italy, whence he was expected soon; the ceremony of his coronation as King of Italy, having taken place. With this information, it is not extraordinary that some few paragraphs in the British papers indicate an expectation that the invasion may be attempted—but we do not discern any marks of apprehension as to the result.
The British have 112 ships of the line in commission, 20 fifties, 134 frigates, and 426 sloops. In the British House of Commons on the 30th of May, Mr. WHITBREAD observed that on account of the necessary delay in printing the papers respecting Lord MELVILLE, he felt it necessary to put off his motion for an inquiry, until Tuesday, (June 4).
Mr. FITZPATRICK understood the gentleman had two objects in view—one the impeachment of Lord M. the other, certain resolutions concerning himself, (Mr. P.) He was anxious any charge intended to be
brought against him should be brought to a decision as speedily as possible. Mr. WHITBREAD said he should adhere to the order he had laid down of moving the impeachment first; and that he would be prepared to bring forward the other motions as soon after as the House should sit.
Mr. LASCELLES said there were three points which might be made the grounds of resolutions against Mr. Pitt—all tending to accuse him of being privy to some of the irregular transactions of Lord MELVILLE; but there was not a shadow of suspicion of his having derived any advantage therefrom. Palladium .
NEW-YORK, July 26. The ship Logan , Banker , arrived at this port last evening in 47 days from Liverpool, and has furnished the Editor of the Mercantile Advertiser with Liverpool papers to the 8th of June, inclusive. London papers to the 6th. & Lloyd's Lists to the 4th. They contain nothing politically interesting, as the following, which are the most prominent articles, will show.
Merc. Adv. LONDON, June 5. Dispatches were yesterday received at the Admiralty from Lord Keith. They relate to the increased preparations of the enemy at Boulogne, and mention the capture of some small vessels from Flushing. Letters from on board our blockading squadron, state that the enemy's flota is every day in motion, and that it has of late been reinforced from other ports in the Channel. An officer writes, under the date of Friday last, as follows:—
"From all the observations I am able to make, and from the information I collect, I am fully persuaded the enemy seriously intend to make an attempt at coming out."
Orders have been given for a very strong squadron to watch the motions of the Rochefort fleet; and that some fast sailing vessels shall be stationed to give the earliest notice of their putting to sea again, which government have reason to believe they will soon attempt to do.
Dispatches were this morning received at the Admiralty from Admiral Drury, on the Irish station: we cannot learn that they bring any very interesting intelligence.
We have of late taken notice of different unpleasant reports circulated in some of the morning papers, of symptoms of dissatisfaction in Ireland. We are very much inclined to believe that they are mere fabrications. They are not countenanced by any letters we have seen from Dublin; and we have seen letters and newspapers of the date of Saturday last.
In the event of the late Mr. William Pulteney's having left no will, the principal part of his Sropshire estates, to the amount of above £50,000. per annum, will fall to the Earl of Darlington: the rest of the Bath, and his own unentailed property, of course devolve on his only daughter, the Countess of Bath. He is succeeded in his title, and in all his entailed property, consisting of his Scotch and West-India estates of about 10,000. per annum, by his nephew, captain Johnstone, of the Coldstream Guards, son of the late Governor Johnstone. The amiable and accomplished Lady Bath may now be reckoned one of the richest personages in this country, the American property being of inestimable value.
PRICE OF FLOUR. Fine flour 75s. to 78s. Seconds 65s. to 75s. per sack.
In consequence of the large arrivals of foreign wheat, and of the additional quantity expected, it is the general opinion that it would have been more advisable for the farmers to have sent it to market during the late high prices. The expected arrivals are so enormous, that a further reduction in the price is expected.
The Spaniards, it appears, are still very active in all their ports, and expect to take a very active share in the war. It is stated that the fleet from Carthagena, of six sail of the line, sailed from Carthagena on the 27th of April. We have no certain accounts where this fleet is gone, unless it be to Cadiz; and no intelligence of its passing the Straights has yet been received.
June 6. The collecting of a strong fleet in the Downs, which we mentioned yesterday, is probably in consequence of some information received respecting the movements of the enemy on the French coast; for even the ships which composed the North Sea squadron, which had come into Yarmouth a few days ago, have been ordered to the Downs; and we find by our Port letters that some of them have actually failed for that station.
It is reported that Bonaparte has arrived at Boulogne, having reached that port on Sunday last. It is said he returned to Paris on the 30th ult. where he only staid that and the following day. We know not on what authority this statement rests, but certain it is that there has been a great bustle at Boulogne for above a week past, as if preparations were making for some more than ordinary occasion; and a firing was heard along the French coast, during a great part of Sunday; on which day fifty gun boats, twenty luggers, and several sloops, were observed on the outside of Boulogne pier.
The prevailing opinion at the present moment respecting the combined fleets, is, that one part of them is destined to take possession of the Cape of Good Hope, and the other to secure the Brazils; the former having been ceded to France, and the latter promised to Spain. Should they succeed in such a design, and we see nothing at present that can possibly prevent them, it will be productive of inestimable disasters to our India trade. The enemy possessed of the Cape of Good Hope on one side, and of the Brazils on the other, would form a chain which could not be broken through at any time but by a very strong convoy, which ought to be employed on more active services. Deprived of the resources of the Brazils, Portugal must sink by a natural death into the devouring jaws of the King of Terrors, Bonaparte, who would probably lull the fears, and fan the hopes of Spain with the possession of that devoted state, until he found an opportunity of adding the kingdoms of Hispania to that of Italy.
This morning some dispatches, taken on board a Spanish packet by the Æolus privateer, of Guernsey, were brought to the Secretary of State's Office by the Commander of the Æolus . They were thrown overboard by the Spaniards, but recovered by the exertions of the people belonging to the privateer. It is very probable these dispatches may lead to some knowledge of the intended operations of the enemy.
STOCKHOLM, May 23. It is understood here that the treaty between England, Russia, and this country, is finally arranged and concluded.
Mr. Jerome Bonaparte is arrived at Genoa, and occupied, on the 11th of May, a part of the palace of the minister Menipotentary, Mr. Salicetti.
Paris Argus. Schiller, the celebrated German writer of the History of the thirty years war , the Robbers , Wallenstein , Don Carlos , and many other theatrical pieces, departed this life, on the 9th of May last, at Weimar.— ib.
Letters from London, mention, that Mrs. ELIZA DON. WIFE, of Jerome, receives every mark of attention and hospitality from the English nobility and people. She is attended by her brother, and Dr. Gaver, an eminent French physician—the same who accompanied her in her visit to this town last summer. We have no correct accounts of the fate of her husband, since he left Lisbon. It is not impossible, as a French officer, he will be tried for disobedience of orders in not returning to Europe, in the frigate sent out for him, and imprisoned.—We have heard it said, that before Mr. Livingston left Paris, one of the French Ministers informed him, that the Emperor had thought, as Jerome had connected himself with the daughter of an American merchant, of settling him in the United States; and requested Mr. L. to name what would be a proper establishment for him.—Mr. Livingston accordingly named, we understand, 50,000 dollars for a town, and 20,000 dollars for a country house, per annum.—This the Emperor did not think too large; and Mr. Livingston was asked to mention the funds in which it would be most advantageous to invest the money.—The Louisiana Stock was accordingly named. Soon after, however, Mr. L. was informed, that Jerome having disobeyed the Emperor's commands, and otherwise treated him with disrespect, he had determined to do nothing more for him; and thus the negotiation ended. Boston paper .
West-Indies.
NEW-YORK, July 25. Jamaica papers to the 30th ult. were received yesterday, and furnish a few articles of intelligence.—An apprehension of danger from the enemy had subsided, as on the 23d martial law expired and the militia were dismissed.
KINGSTON, June 15. The American brig Ontario , from St. Domingo bound to New-York, with mahogany, fustic and hides, detained by La Seine frigate arrived on Saturday.
On Sunday last, 8 leagues to the eastward of Cape Maize, the Lark , which carries 6 guns and 15 men, engaged and beat off a French privateer. The following particulars are extracted from her log-book.
"SUNDAY, June 8. At 5 A. M. discovered a small sail bearing on us N. W. with her larboard tacks on board, which proved to be an American trader. At 20 minutes past 6 saw another sail to the S. W. wearing every appearance of an enemy, by her crowding sail, and bearing right down on us; at 8 she hauled her wind, as I supposed in order to reconnoitre us and clear for action; at 11 minutes past 8 she bore up and stood for our weather quarter; at 9 she fired a gun & hoisted French colours at her main peak, she then being about two miles distance from us; from that period till half past nine she kept edging down upon us under a press of sail; at twenty minutes past nine I hauled my courses up and prepared for battle, the enemy keeping up a constant fire during the latter period. Finding she intended to keep my quarter I ordered the main-top sail to the mast, and, before she was aware of this manoeuvre, I got her completely under the bearing of my guns, at which period the action commenced with a spirited and well directed fire on both sides; and continued with great warmth, for an hour and twenty minutes when the wind falling light, and the enemy getting closer to us, our long-range and grape began to tell upon her to some purpose; she immediately hauled close upon a wind, and got out seventeen sweeps of a tide to pull clear of us, which she effected under a galling fire from our guns. She proved to be a schooner of amazing length with black sides and a dirty looking yellow streak in the middle of the black, a led coloured bottom, and carrying two very blackish looking gaff topsails. She mounted several guns of different calibres, but, in particular, two eighteen pounders, which threw shot at least half a mile to leeward of us. It was impossible to count her men, they stood so thick and crowded on her decks; she had, at the lowest calculation, not less than one hundred men."
The privateer about an hour afterwards took possession of an American sch'r supposed to be bound to this island.
June 22. We are informed that earl Camden states in a letter to general Nugent, by the Packet, that sickness had broken out among the French troops soon after their first sailing from Toulon, the mortality having been occasioned by the ships being too much crowded, and that on sailing a second time they only took on board 4800 men, instead of double the number; and Earl Camden supposed Spanish vessels must have no doubt the same proportion of troops. Their loss by sickness we leave our readers to estimate.
The expedition for the West-Indies, under Sir Eyre Coote, which may be shortly expected, consists of the 8th, 24th, 23d, 38th, 62d, 71d, 72d, 83d, 89th, and 93d, regiments. The Generals under Sir Eyre are Major General Drummond, and Brigadier Generals Montresor, M'Farlane, and Belfour, General Coote, we understand, has instructions to act where it may be found necessary.
His excellency the commander in chief cannot omit this opportunity of returning his best thanks to the general officers who have been in command of the militia, for the able assistance they have rendered him; and they will communicate to the officers, non-commissioned officers and privates, his excellency's satisfaction at the alacrity with which they turned out for the defence of the country, and his approbation of their exemplary conduct while under arms.
The zeal and attention with which the commissioners appointed in the several parishes have promoted the public service, have been highly acceptable to the commander in chief; as his excellency requests that they, as well as the officers of the general staff of the militia, to whom he is so much indebted for their assistance during the period of martial law, will also accept his thanks.
Signed, J. SHAND, adj. gen.
June 29.—The following is the charge which was preferred by Capt. Wood against admiral Duckworth, and of which he was most honorably acquitted.—
"That he had been oppressively removed from the command of his Majesty's ship Acafta , by vice admiral Sir J. T. Duckworth, K. B. then commander in chief of his Majesty's ships and vessels at Jamaica; and that the said vice admiral, in the most shameful and scandalous manner, loaded, received on board and suffered to be received on board, his Majesty's ship Acafta , an immense quantity of goods and merchandise, other than for the use of the ship, in defiance and contrary to the true intent and meaning of the 18th article of war, and requesting, as such proceedings were contrary and highly injurious to his Majesty's service, oppressively to individuals, and unworthy the character of an officer, that the said vice-admiral may be tried by a court martial, for the offences therein set forth."
From Jamaica papers to the 29th ult.
KINGSTON, Jan. June 22. On Thursday morning the following Squadron sailed from Port-Royal for the Windward Island, for
the purpose of joining Vice Admiral Lord Nelson, viz.
GUNS. St. George, 98 Atlas, 74 Centaur, 74 Eagle, 71 Success, 32
Com. Hon. Mr. de Courcy. Capt. S. Pym. —H. Whitley. —D. Celly. —C. Scott.
The St. George unfortunately got aground on three fathom bank, in consequence of the failure of the land breeze shortly after her leaving Port-Royal. In the evening Le Cerr brig, Captain Chamberlain, went out to her assistance, and we are happy to find that she has got off without much damage, and has proceeded with the rest of the squadron. Le Cerr returned into port yesterday morning.
MONTEGO BAY, Jan. June 29. The militia of this parish were dismissed last Sunday morning, and martial law will expire on the 22d instant.
[The embargo at Montego Bay was taken off the day the Schr. Victory failed.]
July 27. By the arrival of the Schooner Diana , from Ceracoa , we learn that the British blockading Squadron made a descent at Ceracoa bay a few days before the Diana failed. After landing 180 men and 3 pieces of cannon, they fortified themselves upon a hill commanding the fort, from whence they commenced a heavy cannonade, which was returned by the garrison with great spirit, and continued from morning till evening, when the Dutch succeeded in driving them from their encampment. They immediately retreated in a precipitate manner, leaving behind them an 18 lb. cannonade, 20 muskets, and 5 prisoners. The ships afterwards went to leeward , where they landed their sick and wounded, who mounted, according to report, to the number of 70 men. The whole leeward part of the island, from the west end to within 20 miles from town, has been burnt and destroyed in a shameful manner by the British.—A Mr. Robert Cain , was taken up and confined in the fort, on suspicion of keeping up a correspondence with the English, and several others were suspected, and a watchful eye kept upon them by Government, who are resolved to bury themselves under the ruins of the town rather than give up the island. The blockading Squadron consists of 3 ships, 2 brigs and 1 Schooner.
The inhabitants of the city of St. Domingo, when the Diana touched, were perfectly unapprehensive of any further molestation from the Negroes.
(Daily Adv.) From Capt. Ellis Smith, of the brig Bellona , arrived last night from Martinique, we have received the following particulars:—
Capt. Smith left Fort Royal (Martinique), on the 4th of July. It was then reported, that the French fleet had failed for France, and that the British fleet under Lord Nelson was in chase of them. The French fleet, previous to their departure, had taken on board most of the troops that were there; and it was conjectured that their destination was against Antigua; but on the news of the arrival of Lord Nelson, soon after the departure of the fleet, dispatches were immediately sent to inform them of it. Soon after accounts came to Port Royal of their having sent the troops to Guadalupe, and made sail for Europe. It appears that the French fleet were expected to return to Martinique, as all the bake houses were put in requisition to supply them with bread, and the flour for that purpose lodged in the royal stores; but that order was afterwards countermanded. The troops that went with the fleet arrived at Port-Royal in frigates, &c. a few days before capt. Smith failed. About the time of his leaving Port-Royal, a cartel, which had arrived from Barbadoes, failed with the British prisoners. A report was brought by the cartel that Lord Nelson had fallen in with the fleet, & captured four sail of the line. A frigate had arrived there from France, said to have on board paper money to pay the troops—said she spoke the first French squadron in the bay of Biscay, bound home. On the 5th of July, in passing off Dominica, capt. Smith counted 12 or 14 sail of large vessels, apparently men of war, lying in Prince Rupert's bay. One of them appeared to have a white flag at the mainmast head. On the 7th inst. in lat. 19, long. 62, 20, the Bellona was involved in a dreadful thunder-storm—while all hands were in the act of clewing up the topsails, she received a violent shock of lightning, and every person on board struck down with it: one man was killed and another wounded. The fore top-gallant-mast-head so badly injured as scarcely to stand till next morning, and the foremast was also badly injured, from the tuffet trees to the deck. The lightning entered into the forehold by the foremast; and appears to have found vent upwards, as four of the deck planks before the foremast were started.
Extra of a letter from a gentleman in Havana, dated July 6, 1805.
"Advises have this moment been received here, that the government of New-Providencia have passed a decree, granting liberty to privateers, &c. to send in for adjudication all American and other vessels which shall have for their return cargoes to the out ports in this island, unless proof can be exhibited that such ports are ports of entry in time of peace. You will please to make public this circumstance, for the information and government of our friends adventuring this way."
Balt. pap. CHARLESTON, July 22.
We stop the press, to announce the arrival of the Schooner Nancy , Connor , in 18 days from St. John's (Antigua).
The day before Capt. Connor failed, a Boston Schooner arrived at St. Johns, which had 3 days before fallen in with the combined fleet beating to windward, and the next day fell in with Admiral Nelson in full chase, fleeing the same course, and within 20 hours sail of the enemy. Lord N. had been 18 days in chase, and by calculation had gained twenty miles a day on the combined fleet.—The fleet of West-Indians reported to have been burnt by the French, had all arrived at Guadalupe. Times .
NORFOLK, July 26.
Capt. Dechamps from Antigua, states, that an American vessel arrived there three days before he failed, the Captain of which informed him that he fell in with the French fleet in latitude 25—that two days after, he was boarded by an officer from Lord Nelson's fleet. The French was fleeing more to the Northward than Lord Nelson.
Ledger. ST. JOHN'S (Antigua) July 4, 1805.
Yesterday evening an alarm was fired at Monk's Hill, upon the appearance of 4 ships & a brig in the North-East quarter, when the militia immediately assembled with their usual alacrity. The vessels that occasioned it having passed by, the alarm was discharged this morning about 7 o'clock. We have not been able to learn whether the ships were friends or enemies. Since our last, the masters of two or three of our ships that left this Island the 7th of June, and were captured next day by the combined fleet of France and Spain, have arrived here from Guadalupe.—The whole of the trade was captured in the space of a few hours, and the masters and crews distributed among the enemy's ships. Such of them as fell into the hands of the Spaniards were plundered of every thing, except the clothes on their backs. The prisoners appear to have been left on board their respective vessels in which they were taken. The day following the capture, the whole of the prizes were sent to the Southward under convoy of four French frigates, having a number of troops on board, a part of which they landed
Domestic Intelligence.
BOSTON, July 24. A letter from Malta, of April 19, says, preparations for the Tripolian expedition were then making with great activity. A vessel had been dispatched with military stores for the claimant of the Bathaw ship, who was to be enabled to attempt to regain his rights, and was to attack Tripoli by land, while the American Squadron bombarded it from the sea. The united effort against the hostile usurper, the present Bathaw , was probably made in June.
Boston Democrat. Capt. Felt, arrived at Salem, from Leighon , on the 5d July, in lat. 40, long. 46, spoke ship Washington , from Marblehead for Newburyport , which five days before, (June 29.) had fallen in with the Combined Fleet, fleeing S. E. ib.
FISHERMEN IMPRESSED.
It is with strong feelings of indignation we notice the impression of our fishermen by the British. Several fishing vessels from Marblehead , Beverly , Salem , have lately been fallen in with by the English frigate Ville de Milan , Capt. Laurie , cruising on the Banks, and had twelve or fourteen of their best men forcibly impressed and carried off to Halifax , to serve his Britannic Majesty , in his "just and necessary war against France ." We fear that many others may experience a similar fate; and should this be the case, our industrious fishermen will be obliged to quit the banks and return home. As it is, we know not what security they will receive that the practice may not be followed up for the season. What have we done that merits this treatment? Have we impressed British subjects? Do we take their seamen? No, we respect their rights, and they are bound to respect ours. The friends of the unarrogant impressed men, (aided by the generous exertions of some individuals) have dispatched a vessel for Halifax , with documents proving the citizenship of every individual impressed. The vessel failed on Thursday last, and we hope will return with the men—we understand they are all native citizens, and we believe born within the county of Essex . It is said the British Consul residing in Boston has advised the Admiral on the Halifax station to give up the men. The advice is reasonable, and the Admiral will certainly find it for the interest of his Government to surrender them immediately. It is it is in security , we may as well meet Great Britain "single handed" at once, and try who is the strongest ; will she rise this? We think not. But surely it is enough in all conscience to see two thousand fishermen taken from the Merchant ships of the United States, in less than two years; and now having borne with that outrage, we are to witness still further injustice, and the fishermen are to be torn from their families and country to fight in the wars of George the Third!! Will our coasting vessels be safe in future? Perhaps not—and it may be found that we shall be visited in our very harbours by British cruisers, humming after their prey! The Ville de Milan was lately captured from the French, and as the Capt. declared, "wanted hands." Good God! "wanted hands," and what was that to us? Are we to find them? It seems we are—but if so, better stop all intercourse with Great-Britain immediately, and let the "green mountain" march to Canada , than to sleep much longer in ignominious ease.
Salem Register. John Adams is re-elected President of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
GUN BOATS.—Capt. Fay , arrived at Salem , in 59 days from Leeuwarden , informs, that the American Squadron of Gun Boats had arrived safe at Gibraltar .
Mr. Dalton , who arrived at Plymouth , Mass. in the Schr. Miles Standish , direct from Lisbon , passed through this city yesterday, on his way to Washington with dispatches for our government from Mr. Monroe . He informs that Mr. Monroe left Madrid on the 26th of May, and that he had entirely failed to accomplish the object of his mission. He was to have returned to London by the way of Paris . Merc. Adv.
From a Boston paper it appears that the Spanish privateers from Algeriers have renewed that system of depredation which so greatly distressed our commerce during the late war; an American Schooner and brig were sent into St. Lucar about the 20th May, as appears from the information of Capt. Seward of the ship Hugh Johnson , arrived at Boston . Norfolk Ledger .
We learn, (says the Newburyport Herald ) by Mr. Harrod , supercargo of the ship Hannah from Trieste and Gibraltar , that the United States' ship Enterprise , captain Robertson , has been entirely refitted at Venice , and would be ready to sail for Syracuse the 10th May.
The United States frigate Boston , (the Constitution being in company) captured a Tripolian cruiser and retook 2 Neapolitan vessels, her prizes, and carried them into Malta .
The Hannah brought dispatches for government from our Mediterranean Squadron.
NEW-YORK, July 26.
A letter received in this city from a respectable gentleman at Detroit , dated 24th of June, states that "the Sac Indians and Otiawas have sent in their chiefs to the council at Malden . They are spreading the war-bell in every direction—their object is war with the Ojibbes on the Mississippi . They applied for the assistance of the Hurons , who answered, that they were in treaty of peace (male at Grenville ) with the U. States ; that they had buried the hatchet, and would not take it up again. The Sacs and Otiawas replied, 'We shall then know how to treat you when we come forward.' The Ojibbes , it is said, will claim the protection of Well Louisian ; and it is believed that the United States will be involved in the war. The troops ought to be returned to this place, and the fortifications strengthened. We are, indeed, in a miserable situation for defence—the citadel in ashes , the fort deserted, and only a few ragged soldiers about the ship yards."
The letter from which the above intelligence was taken, contains a description of the sufferings to which the inhabitants of Detroit have been reduced by the late conflagration of their village. "About ninety families," says the letter, "are left without a roof to shelter them; with the ground for their bed, and the heavens for their canopy—yet we are not in despair; a spirit of industry appears again to pervade all ranks, and I hope that, by the assistance that will be obtained from the alliant , Detroit will flourish once again."
The inhabitants have appointed a committee to estimate the damages, and to solicit and receive contributions for the relief of their unfortunate town. Merc. Adv.
The following interesting article has been ob-

certained:—that gentleman was pursuing his private business as usual, un molested, and doubtless will continue so.
"In the whole prosecution of the late disgraceful measures against him, it would be difficult to give a clear and rational pretext either for its origin, or for the subsequent operations; the contrary and distracting councils and measures, of the different officers of the government, defeating every attempt towards such an investigation."
"At one time, the views of the subordinate officers would appear to have been confirmed chiefly to implicate the governor in the charge of having acknowledged and protected foreign agents, contrary to the laws of Spain, and thereby to injure him with his government and to effect his removal."
"It is a fact however, pretty generally known, and which will no doubt be hereafter, fully established, that the correspondence on this point between the Governor and Intendant General, has been exemplary and honorable to Mr. Gray; the Governor (whilst he denied having ever formally acknowledged either Mr. Gray or his predecessor Mr. Morton) having also declared that both those gentlemen, so far from opposing the laws of the country themselves, or encouraging such conduct in others, had comport themselves, during the whole of their residence, with much discretion; and had done every thing in their power, to preserve the rights, peace and harmony of the two countries."
"At other times & on more recent occasions, it would appear as if the whole measures had been concerted to give a colorable pretext for the entire prevention of the residence of any public agent whomsoever:—for the proclamations and messages of the governor on that subject, have been repeated oftener, and in a more peremptory manner, than the mere support of his first assertions rendered absolutely necessary."
"The gentleman lately appointed by Mr. Jefferson to that island, has already been the object of this jealous spirit of the government: and to such a degree that, if persisted in (of which there was every appearance) it must not only frustrate the execution of a great part of his official duties, and subject our commerce to still greater injuries and interruptions, but lead eventually to an entire abandonment of his office."
"The numerous and atrocious depredations committed upon our vessels in those seas, by the French and Spanish privateers, who find a shelter in the ports of Cuba, furnish too frequent occasions for the interference and remonstrances of a public agent to render him acceptable to a government, which, by taking no effectual means to prevent, in a manner countenances the outrages of which such a resident would complain. He has been already interdicted from appearing before the governor on cases of such emergency; his excellency restricting the unfortunate applicants to the medium of his interpreters and notaries who, even if disposed, dare not to record or interpret facts in the Garb of Truth, & with that elucidation in which they should appear."
"The future prospects for the present quarter, may then be easily estimated. Those whose claims remain unsettled will probably abandon them in despair; and the new cases, still likely to arise, will not be considered hereafter as worth being presented for a hearing at all!"
"It is from those circumstances, the belief strongly arises that the measures against Mr. Gray had a far other view than was declared; & it will also, in consequence, be more readily inferred that his inflexible firmness and strict integrity, had alone made him an unsuitable character for the present times in that hemisphere."
BALTIMORE, July 29.
ROBBERY OF THE BANK!
1000 DOLLARS REWARD.
Last evening between dark and 10 o'clock, the office of discount and deposit, established in this city, was forcibly entered by thieves, and a sum of money in paper and specie, chiefly small change, contained in a small wrought iron chest, was stolen therefrom. The villains who perpetrated this daring robbery, were not able to penetrate the vaults: all they effected was to bear off the iron chest aforementioned and its contents. Among other bank notes therein, was a parcel of old defaced notes, two of which were for 500 dollars each of this office; the indorsements on them entirely filled their backs. The said notes are generally much defaced, ragged, and scarcely fit for circulation. About the hour this act was committed, a person was seen with an iron chest in a wheelbarrow over Griffith's bridge. There is no doubt but several villains were engaged in the atrocious robbery. The above reward will be given to any person or persons who will detect and bring them to conviction; and should one of the accomplices engaged therein make a discovery, so that the rest be convicted of the fact, he shall receive the above reward, and interest made with the governor of this state to obtain for him a full and free pardon.
DAVID HARRIS, Cashier.
Few instances have occurred of a more daring robbery than the above; the early hour at which it was done, and the public situation of the bank, would almost insure detection—added to this, there is a guard of two watchmen constantly kept at the office door from about 9 o'clock, and we understand a person sleeps in the bank—but so well were they acquainted with the place, that nothing occurred even to raise an alarm—nor was it known 'till they had completely made their escape—from the weight of the chest at least four persons must have been engaged to have carried it.
The iron chest was found by some boys bathing in Jones' Falls, near the lower bridge, but its contents were taken out. Telegraph.
CHARLESTON, July 20.
We yesterday mentioned the recapture of the ship Tao Friends Captain McNeil, by the British government brig Hunter , Captain Inglesfield.—This information is furnished by the arrival of the pilot boat Schooner Regulator , Captain White, which was dispatched from this port immediately after the capture of the Tao Friends , with documents to prove the ship and cargo American property. She had a passage of seven days to Barracoa, but hearing nothing of the ship at that port, went round to St. Jago de Cuba, where they found the French prize-master and the privateermen, who informed that a few days before, when within three hours sail of Barracoa the ship having fallen to leeward, they fell in with a British armed brig, when the Frenchmen took to their boats, leaving Captain McNeil on board the ship, which was immediately taken possession of by the brig. On receiving this information Captain White sailed for Port-Royal, to which port he made his passage in the short space of 24 hours. A few days after he arrived, the Snake-float of war came in, the commander of which stated that he left the ship and brig at Cape Nicholas Mole, where the latter vessel had put in to repair her bow-sprit, carried away in chasing a French privateer which she had captured. The brig and cargo being of too great value to risk a recapture, it was the intention of the captain of the brig to convey her to Jamaica, as soon as he had made the necessary repairs of his vessel.
A few days before Captain White left Port-Royal, seven ships of the line failed to join Admiral Nelson—cutters from his fleet had arrived at Jamaica.
The British ship which anchored in the roads on Sunday, is a transport ship, called the Suffolk , commanded by Capt. Seaman, and left Port-Royal, Jamaica, on the 2d of July, with a homeward bound fleet, and has put in here for supplies of wood and water. Major Campbell, of the 60th regiment, and 117 troops, are passengers on board.
City Gazette.
SAVANNAH, July 13.
By Captain Chadwick, of the Schooner Hannah , arrived here yesterday from St. Mary's, we have been favoured with an account of an engagement which took place on Saturday last, at Rose Bluff, between a Schooner fitted out by the Cambrian frigate, for the purpose of cutting out from their moorings on the Spanish shore, the vessels referred to in the above extracts of letters. The Schooner fitted out by the British frigate was captured by her from the French, about two weeks since after a chase of 22 hours, between Charleston and Tybee bar, mounting 18 nine pounders, and carrying 110 men. She appeared abreast of St. Mary's at 3 o'clock, and came too, and at 4 got under weigh again, and failed up the river to commence the attack, which took place about five. The engagement lasted near an hour, when three boats were manned by the British Schooner to board the privateer, which they effected, and retook the ship, brig and privateer. The English had 4 killed and 10 wounded. The lieutenant received a shot through the jaw, and in one of his thighs, but was not thought in a dangerous state. On the part of the Spaniards five were killed, and fifteen made prisoners, & the rest jumped over board and swam to the shore. Among the former were Capt. Hooper, the commander of the privateer, & Capt. John Randolph, late of this City.
* The ship Golden Grove and brig Ceres .
The Governor of the Indiana Territory, has issued his proclamation directing the legislature to meet at Vincennes, on the 29th day of July next. A delegate to congress will be elected that session. The Hon. Thomas T. Davis, chief justice, and (we believe) Benjamin Parker, Esq. attorney general, of the Territory, are the candidates.— Kentucky pap.
FROM THE PHILADELPHIA GAZETTE.
The following recent instance of tyranny, exercised by the British Government at Surinam, having been made the subject of conversation in several circles in this city, I think it a duty I owe to the public and myself, to publish the circumstances as they have been sworn to in my affidavit before the Mayor of the City, on my arrival; and which were noted down at the time.
J. H. HORTON.
PARAMARIBO, June 9, 1805. Proceedings of the Governor of the British Colony of Paramaribo, in South America.
Being loaded and nearly ready for sea, I re-paired as usual to the custom-house, for my clearance, but I was informed on my arrival, that the Fiscal, had refused to sign my certificate, unless I would take on board two criminal negroes, who were under condemnation of banishment: This I informed them I could never think of doing, and went immediately to the American Consul and informed him of the Fiscal's resolution; he advised me to go and lay the business before the Governor. Accordingly I went, and waited on his excellency, not doubting but that he would interfere in my favour: but alas! I soon found my mistake—I met the governor and his secretary standing at his door; I advanced and addressed the governor as follows: Sir, your most obedient; I have business of importance to acquaint you with. The Governor asked, what is it? I answered—The Fiscal, Sir, refuses to sign my clearance, unless I will take on board two criminal negroes, that are sentenced to be banished from the Colony;—The Governor replied, very well, take them. I asked, must I take them? the governor replied, yes, you must take them? I answered, I think it hard; the Governor replied I can't help that, you must take them they will answer you a very good purpose, they will be fit members for your Americans. I then asked, but why Sir if they are such useful members of society, do you not keep them in your own colony? The governor then answered, because we don't like them, they don't answer our purpose, they don't suit us, but they will do very well for you, they will answer you a very good purpose. I answered, neither do I like them, nor can I take them; the governor said, you must take them. I replied, how shall I answer this to my country when I return? I expose myself to a heavy fine, besides incur my country's displeasure. The governor replied, O poh, things of this nature are easily answered in America; I replied, be that as it may General, I cannot take them; the Governor then answered in a peremptory tone of voice, then remain there, looking towards the shipping at anchor; the Governor then walked away. I then addressed the secretary, and asked, is there then no alternative? the Secretary replied none at all, you must take them. I went immediately to the Consul, and requested him to make out my protest as soon as possible, for I should immediately abandon both vessel and cargo; the Consul advised me to form no such resolution, he said that he would do all that lay in his power to assist me, he wished me to carry a letter to the gov. accordingly I went and gave the letter to the Governor's Secretary—I waited until the next day, but no answer came to the letter. I was then advised to go once more and see the governor, that perhaps he had altered his resolution—I thought the prospect small, but notwithstanding, I went at about 9 o'clock in the morning, I met the Secretary at the door, and addressed him with your secretary replied, yes; I asked, Can I see him? he said, No, it is not an hour to wait on the Governor, I answered, I ask pardon for intruding, but I thought it an hour to wait on any gentleman. The secretary said, if you are on the affair concerning these criminals, my orders from the governor are, to inform you, that you must abide by the laws of the Colony; that I know no such man as the American Consul in the colony, and that you must take them. I then asked, Will you give me a writing from under your hand, to certify that they were put on board by your order? he answered with a raised tone of voice, and a consequential air of importance, I will give you nothing at all—All hopes were now at an end, I must submit, and have them put on board without having anything to show my country on my return home, how I came by them. I then went to the Fiscal and endeavoured to dissuade him from his resolution, but seeing him determined, I requested him a certificate to prove that they were put on board by his authority. At first he refused, but at length being softened on being informed the situation my vessel and ships company were in, and being made sensible of the difficulty that I should have on my arrival in America, he at length consented to give me a certificate to show that they were put on board by his authority, also that he had tendered me fit
ty builders a piece for their passages, and that I had refused to take it. He then sent two Constables armed with flaves, and cutlasses, & took them from prison, and put them on board—nor could I then get my clearance, until I had given a receipt that they were on board, and that I would take them out of the colony. He informed me also, that special orders would be sent down to the officer of the Fort at Bram's Point, to see that those criminals were on board when I past the fort, and to fire on any boat that should leave the vessel, or attempt to land after I past the fort.
J. HAVENS HORTON, Master of ship Julian , of Newburyport. Sworn, July 15, 1805, before me, MATHEW LAWLER, Mayor.
[TRANSLATION.] By the Office of the Fiscal, is given to capt. J. Havens Horton, for exportation, out of this colony, in his ship Julian , the free Negro, called Andreas, alias Ruamina Toetoe, and the free Negro woman Affibo van Labo; for whose exportation he was offered the sum of fifty guilders each, which he has refused; saying, that he would accept nothing for it.
P. H. SPIERING, Senator and Fiscal. J. CHARLES ERDMANN, sworn interpreter of foreign languages, in and for the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, by lawful authority duly appointed, do certify, that the above is a true and faithful translation of a certain original paper written in the Low Dutch language, annexed hereto. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal of office, at Philadelphia, the 19th day of July, A. D. 1805. (Signed) CHARLES ERDMANN.
The Printers who have any regard for the rights of neutral nations, or the honor of their own, are requested to give the foregoing a place in their papers.
Enquirer.
RICHMOND, 2d AUGUST, 1805.
TOUR TO THE WEST, No. I.
When the Europeans had directed their attentions towards the North western coasts of America, they naturally desired to shorten the length of their voyages by discovering some shorter Route between the two continents. They perceived that there was a navigable connection between them on the south, either around the Cape of Good Hope or by the Straits of Magellan: and they very naturally inquired, why the ocean, which washes the Northern Coast of America would not furnish a similar communication. But like other splendid conceptions of the imagination, it was the fate of this daring project to disappear before the light of successive experiments. Capt. Cook who explored the Straits of Behring in search of such a North Eastern passage, was unable to advance higher than the 72nd degree of latitude, on account of the immense fields of ice which opposed his progress. His voyages are in almost every student's hands: but the experiments of Mr. Hearne, who went by land in search of the same passage, are not as extensively known. This young traveller set out on his tour from Prince of Wales fort on Churchill river, N. Lat. 58 47, W. Long. 90 7, and travelled nearly 1300 miles in a north westerly direction. His whole track to the Northward of 61 N. Lat. lay nearly 600 miles due west from the western coast of Hudson's Bay, and his Indian guides assured him, that there were vast tracts lying further in the same direction. Hence it appears that a passage into the Pacific ocean, round the north western part of America, is clearly impracticable.
The splendid projects of American navigation did not however terminate here. Though there was no such passage around the Northern Coasts of America, why it was contended could there not be an opening through the bosom of the continent itself? Why could not some arm of the Pacific extend so far into the land, as to communicate with some corresponding arm of the Atlantic or some of the rivers that empty into it? To confirm such visionary speculations, these philosophers of the closet even appealed to the charts of the N. W. Coast of America, which represented it indented, broken in, and perhaps penetrated by the waters of the Pacific: they appealed too with much greater reason to the authority of a Spanish Admiral, named De Fonta, and of a Mr. Nicholas Shapely of Boston, who was said to have penetrated thro' the imaginary Archipelago of St. Lazarus, "by sailing through a Mediterranean sea on the coast of N. W. America, within a few leagues of the oceanic shores of that Archipelago; where he is said to have met the admiral." But De Fonta and Mr. Shapely have now given way to more correct experimentalists. To Vancouver particularly, and also to McKenzie, is all the honour due of having laid forever at rest this problem of a Mediterranean passage.
Vancouver's voyage of discovery to the N. West Coast of America was undertaken and performed during the years 1790, '91, '92, '93, '94, and '95, by his majesty's special command, principally with a view of determining this very problem. Whatever researches he may therefore have made into this subject, may be considered as the most correct and conclusive, of any that have yet been made. But all his researches after a navigable communication were completely unsuccessful. He travelled and sounded the whole coast of North America, without discovering the final chance of such a communication. Cook's river, as it had hitherto been called, he found at last to terminate in a circular bay, bounded by a plain which stretched to the foot of a connected body of mountains; from which circumstance he has called it Cook's inlet. And as to the Columbia river, which seemed to promise the red it about 84 miles from its mouth, in lat. 45° 27', longitude 237° 30', and inferred from the narrowness and shallowness of its channel that it could not be extensive enough to communicate with a stream of the Atlantic ocean. It was left to McKenzie, however, to penetrate the interior of the continent, and explore this river more completely and nearer towards its source. He descended the Columbia river from 59 28 north lat. to its mouth, though he travelled along its banks for some time before he embarked in a canoe. As a rude standard for determining the size of the river he mentions that "it was about 50 yards in breadth," & by observing "a man fishing with a dipping net, he judged it to be about 100 feet at the foot of the first fall" which he arrived at. A river of such dimensions, running for such a considerable distance parallel to the coast, and making so little easting can scarcely be supposed extensive enough to interlock with the navigable waters of the Atlantic.
Still though there is no northern communication.
(a) Vancouver, vol. 1. Intro.
tion by sea, between the east and western coasts of America, it will not follow that the passage around Cape Horn or the cape of Good Hope is the shortest route. When the Russians discovered the impossibility of procuring a passage thro' the frozen ocean to China and the east coast of Asia, they formed the project of opening an interior communication by rivers and portages through the heart of Tartary. They conveyed their commodities over land to China or to the Straits of Behring, whence they passed over to the adjacent islands or the American continent. In the same relation does the Atlantic coast of America stand with respect to the Pacific: Rather than undertake a long and distant voyage around the southern extremities of Africa and America, perhaps the Atlantic inhabitants may hereafter find it to be their interest to pass directly through the land to the Pacific coast. It is in this point of view, that the tour of Messrs. Lewis and Clark to the west appears to me to be fraught with a multitude of important events.—Let us trace some of these interior communications as far as our materials will permit us.
"Whatever course (says McKenzie) may be taken from the Atlantic, the Columbia is the line of communication from the Pacific Ocean, pointed out by nature, as it is the only navigable river in the whole extent of Vancouver's minute survey of that river: its banks also form the first level country in all the southern extent of continental coast from Cook's entry, and consequently the most northern situation for colonization and suitable to the residence of a civilized people."
Of the course, dimensions and accessibility of this river, no accurate accounts have yet been exhibited. The following are perhaps the most material facts which have been collected by Vancouver and McKenzie.
COLUMBIA RIVER. —Among the numerous chains of mountains, which intersect that part of North America, which lies to the west of the Mississippi, the last though by no means the least, is that immense ridge of mountains, which dips in the North towards nearly S. E. and begins to be parallel with the coast of the Pacific ocean, from Cook's entry to the Columbia river. In these snow-clad mountains rises the Missouri, which flows into the Gulf of Mexico; the river Nelson, which is lost in Hudson's Bay; Mackenzie's river, which discharges itself in the north sea; and the Columbia, which empties into the Pacific Ocean. "It is the extension of these mountains to so far south on the sea-coast, that prevents the Columbia, from finding a more direct course to the sea, as it runs obliquely with the coast upwards of eight degrees of latitude before it mingles with the Ocean." It is formed by the confluence of two rivers, that issue from these mountains, both of them extremely rapid and continuing so, till they unite their currents, forming a stream about 12 yards in breadth. (229.) The rapidity of this river throughout its whole course is indeed scarcely inferior to that of the Mississippi, even in the spring season. In one part of it, (McKenzie's) the current runs more than 6 miles an hour. In another part, he says, it took 4 people an hour to paddle a canoe half a mile. At its mouth, the current of the river is so strong as to render it very difficult for a vessel to enter even with the assistance of the tide. But this is not the only impediment, which it offers to the seamen. There are Breakers at its entrance extending almost from one cape to the other which endanger the safety of the vessel when the water is not perfectly smooth. The soundings at its mouth are not more than 7 or 8 fathoms, though higher up, its banks approach nearer to each other, and it is in some places 9 or 10 fathoms deep. (Vancouver's chart.) What is the extent of this river, it is impossible to ascertain from the observations of McKenzie. But throughout its whole extent it is interrupted with falls and rapids, which of course multiply the number of portages and the trouble of transportation.
It is scarcely necessary to remind the reader, that McKenzie's route in 1793, is very different from that of our own travellers. McKenzie set out on his tour from Fort Chipewyan on the Lake of the Hills; navigated that Lake, descended the Unjigah or Peace River, crossed the Rocky mountains, & after a short portage over the high land which separates the source of Tcoutouche or Tessa or Columbia river, and Unjigah or Peace river, he embarked on the former & pursued it to its mouth.
But this is not the only route, which McKenzie has laid down for a commercial communication with the native tribes of the west. He observes that "by these waters that discharge themselves into Hudson's bay at port Nelson, it is proposed to carry on the trade to their source, at the head of the Saskatchewan river which rises in the rocky mountains, not 8 degrees of longitude from the Pacific ocean. The Columbia flows also from the same mountains. Both of them are capable of receiving ships at their mouths, and are navigable throughout from boats." (295.)
The route to Canada through the lakes is pronounced by this traveller to be inferior to either of those two other routes. "The tract of miles, through upwards of 60 large fresh water lakes and numerous rivers, while the means of transportation are slight bark canoes; Besides, that those waters are intercepted by more than 200 rapids, along which the articles of merchandise are chiefly carried on men's backs and over 130 carrying places, from 25 paces to 19 miles in length, where the canoes and cargoes proceed by the same toilsome and perilous operations." (295.)
Whether the route which we shall possess by means of the Missouri is more or less advantageous than either of those routes passing through the British possessions, we have no certain data to determine. We neither know, how far the Missouri is navigable above its falls; nor how great is the Portage between the highest navigable point on it & the highest navigable point on the C. river. If we however assume these data; that from the Balize to the mouth of the Missouri is 1160 miles; from this to Fort Mandan where our travellers were on April 2nd is 1609 miles; from Fort Mandan to its falls, 100 miles; from the falls to the first range of rocky mountains, about 100 miles further; then the whole distance from the mouths of the Missouri to the highest navigable point on the Missouri may be estimated at 2969 miles.—The portage between this river and the Columbia river is still more difficult to ascertain. The latitude of the Columbia at its mouth is 46. 19. Fort Mandan is in 47. 21.
From these statements may we not deduce some important conclusions?
(b) McKenzie's Voyages, Am. Ed. 295.
The Commissioners of the William & Mary College Lottery have determined to pursue a negative conduct. They will neither pay off the fortunate tickets nor redraw the Lottery. They will prevent some holder of a fortunate ticket to bring the Case to an issue, by instituting a suit against them in the Richmond chancery suit for the amount of the prize. Both parties will consent to wave all unnecessary for-
malities; and the cause will be brought as soon as possible before the court of Appeals.
In the mean time it is stated, that many persons who took Tickets upon credit, have refused to pay for them. The situation of things would be still worse should the court decide against the Validity of the last Lottery. Many, who have entered into contracts on the presumption that they would receive the prizes to which they conceived themselves to be entitled, may be reduced to considerable embarrassment, by the loss of such resources: And many who have purchased prizes, will meet with considerable difficulty in recovering what they have advanced.
To what a deplorable destiny does the English government appear to be verging! Thirteen homeward bound vessels from Jamaica estimated at £. 400,000: a large part of the outward Newfoundland fleet captured: their expenses many reduced to inactivity by the ingenuity of their enemy; and a formidable army threatening to pour down upon their coast; what can prevent the numerous bankruptcies of individuals or even ensure the safety of the government? Will the present administration thus surrounded by extraordinary difficulties be long able to resist the attacks of its energetic opponents!
Hints —Bonaparte, to the report goes in the Mediterranean, employed all his influence over the king of Naples, to dissuade him from sending his gun-boats during the present campaign to our Squadron before Tripoli.
Bonaparte it may be conceived, has employed all his influence over the king of Spain to dissuade him from executing the convention of 1802, and surrendering the Eastern Ripe of Louisiana.
Who knows whether Bonaparte may not have obtained the cession of the Floridas from Spain, as he formerly obtained the cession of Louisiana?
MARRIED,
On Thursday the twenty fifth ult. Mr. ARCHER ROBERTSON, to the amiable Miss Nancy M. BOOKER, both of the county of Amelia.
At the seat of Colonel Bailey Washington in Stafford county, on Sunday the 14th inst. Died , in the bloom of life, Miss CATHERINE STORRE, daughter of William Storke, Esq. of Belleisle, in King George. The death of this young lady was occasioned by an accident singular and uncommon. On the 4th of July the year past, in the course of an afternoon's walk, with some ladies of her acquaintance, over a field where were growing some stalks of Timothy grass, she plucked and put into her mouth a head thereof; a few moments after, they were met and accosted by an harvest labourer who had made a little too free with the bottle, and whose deportment was so extremely awkward and ludicrous, as to excite in Miss S. a violent fit of laughter, which by the application of her handkerchief to her mouth she endeavoured to suppress. In this most unfortunate effort, the head of grass, whole and unbroken, was inhaled into the lungs. She survived the moment of the melancholy accident but to encounter a train of agonizing and excruciating symptoms, which finally terminated in depriving the world of one of its fairest and most useful ornaments, her surviving parent of a most affectionate and dutiful daughter, and her friends and associates of an amiable, agreeable and sensible companion. Fredg. Herald.
ELLIS & ALLAN,
HAVE JUST RECEIVED, PER THE SHIP MARY , FROM LIVERPOOL:
FOUR hundred Sacks of SALT, Liverpool filled.—Also, a few dozen BALLAT SHOVELS and SPADES; which, with a number of articles in the hardware line, renders their assortment pretty general. August 2. (law 4w.)
FRESH CASTER OIL, of a superior quality; formerly sold by Doctor John Chugan. Those wishing to purchase, may be furnished by applying to Charles Barrat, at Mr. Robert Bell's, fadler. August 2. (law 2t.)
LAND—FOR SALE,
IN the county of Lunenburg, lying within one mile of the Court-house, on Coodie's creek; this tract contains seven hundred and fifty acres, one hundred and fifty of which is cleared; comfortably improved for the accommodation of a family. This land is well suited to the cultivation of Tobacco, Corn and Wheat. A great bargain may be had in this land. The terms may be made known, by application to Major Grief Green, of Nottoway, who is duly authorized to dispose of it, or the subscriber living on the premises. JOSEPH SMITH. Lunenburg, August 2. (cp 1t.)
NOTICE.
THE subscriber intending to the state of Kentucky, about the 15th of this month, will undertake to transact business for any person who may choose to confide in him. JOHN W. ROBINSON.
N. B. A letter left with Mr. John Tabb, at MeDoris, John and Robert Gamble's, will meet with prompt attention. August 2. (cp 2t.)
By virtue of a deed of Trust, executed to the subscriber by John Williamson, jr. of the County of Henrico, to secure the payment of sundry debts therein acknowledged to be due to satisfy sundry executions, for which Capt. John Williamson stands bound, as his security, together with the expense necessary to carry the trust into execution; WILL BE SOLD, to the highest bidder, for ready money, on the premises, on Thursday the 5th of August next, one Hundred acres of LAND, being a part of the tract wherein the said Williamson now lives, and adjoining the land of Samuel Browning, about one mile above William Young's mill, and between five and six miles from Richmond. ELISHA PRICE. July 30. 1t.
LAND FOR SALE.
WILL be offered for sale on the premises, on the 15th day of August next, that well known place called Pridesville, (formerly Stinzy town) containing about four hundred and forty acres with uncommonly good improvements, viz: an excellent dwelling house, a large and commodious barn, besides an elegant two story house, intended for a manor's hall, (there being a lodge now held here) and every necessary out house, stables, lumber houses, &c. Also, a spacious Cow-house, all now in tolerable good repair. The quality of the Land is very good, particularly for wheat, and the stand as a tavern is profitable. Possession will be immediately given, so that the purchaser can avail himself of the advantage of sowing wheat. The terms are, one half of the purchase money payable at Christmas next, the other half of the purchase money payable Christmas twelve months, the purchaser giving bond with security to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid.
ALSO, for cash, ten or twelve NEGROES, consisting of men, women, boys and girls, all uncommonly likely and Virginia born.
ALSO, HOUSEHOLD AND KITCHEN FURNITURE of all kinds, viz: six or eight good beds, and furniture, a complete set of dining tables, an elegant mahogany desk, and book case, chest of drawers, chairs, &c. besides a great number of articles too tedious to enumerate, a credit for the latter, for all sums above five dollars, will be given until Christmas next, the purchasers giving bond with good security to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid. JAMES TOWNES, Jr. Amelia, Pridesville, August 9. cp 2t.

SOCIETY OF ARTS.
YESTERDAY this Society celebrated their Anniversary. The business was opened, according to custom, by a speech from C. TAYLOR, Esq. the very able and worthy Secretary of this Society.
The views of this Society, from its first institution, observed Mr. TAYLOR, have been steadily directed to almost every object, by which mankind can be improved or benefited, and a division of its business into nine classes have been made, for the more methodical transacting thereof.
The worthy Secretary next, after mentioning the routine of business in the investigation of matters, submitted to the Society, proceeded as follows:
"It forms a part of my duty to state to this very respectable Assembly, the Rewards which are this day to be conferred in the several classes I have named, and to notice some of the advantages likely to arise from their labors. Permit me strongly to impress upon your minds, that these advantages are intended for the world at large; the Members of this Society discard the narrow principle of selfish interest; minute accounts of the inventions approved, are given in their Annual Volume, and the Machines rewarded are gratuitously open five days in every week, in the Repository of the Society for public inspection. Agriculture has been long and deservedly a favorite object with this Society, as well as with the more recent establishments of the Board of Agriculture, and the numerous Provincial Societies, having for their objects, the making and improving plantations of Timber Trees, amelioration of Land, productive rotations of crops of Grain and Herbage, the preservation of such products, improvements in agricultural implements, and the means of contributing to the ease of laboring men."
"To the Right Hon. the EARL OF BREDALANE, who has lately improved a large tract of land in Scotland, unfit for the plough, by plantations of larch, & Scotch firs, which are now in a flourishing state, the silver medal of the Society has been voted as a mark of their approbation."
"To THOMAS JONES, Esq. of Hasel, M. P. for Cardigan, the Gold Medal has been adjudged for planting 222,000 oaks, besides other valuable trees."
"To JOHN CHRISTIAN CURWEN, Esq. M. P. for Carlisle, the Gold Medal has been adjudged for his admirable system of culture of beans and wheat. Upon this principle, after a good crop of beans has been procured in summer, the same land has been sown with wheat in autumn, and more grain produced than by a previous fallow."
"To WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Beamish, the gold medal has been adjudged, for improving 368 acres of land lying waste, and rendering an estate, which cost him, in May, 1799, 2,665l. at present of the value of 4,921l. 13s. 4d."
"I need," continued Mr. TAYLOR, "a particular pleasure in noticing to you, that Captain JOHN MILLER, the nephew to our worthy founder, Mr. SHIPLEY, is entitled to a reward this session, for a pair of Shears for clipping wool, which will prevent the sheep from being wounded in shearing, which has frequently occurred; for which invention he will receive a silver medal."
"The necessity of inclosing land is universally known: hawthorn hedges have been found most effectual, but are tedious in their growth; to obviate this inconvenience, SAMUEL TAYLOR, Esq. of Morton, has proved, by a variety of accurate experiments, that a greater increase of hawthorn plants may be had from the cuttings of the roots, than by any other mode, and that such plants are flower and quicker in growth; for these experiments the Society have voted him their silver medal."
"A nice discrimination is necessary to ascertain the progressive and comparative value of timber trees in plantations. A communication, received from Mr. JOHN FARRE, has shown the method of making it, and contains many interesting observations relative to a plantation called Brown's Wood, belonging to the Duke of Bedford, which has been made more than 20 years, for which it will receive the silver medal."
"The attention of Agriculturalists has been much engaged in considering the best means of improving boggy land, and much has been said on the advantages of Mr. ELKINGTON's mode of draining; but Mr. WILLIAM SMITH has improved a considerable tract of land, where Mr. ELKINGTON's attempt had failed, belonging to His Grace the Duke of Bedford, called Pinfrey Bog, and by a superficial irrigation of such land, has brought twenty acres into firm land producing the most valuable herbage. The Society for this communication, have voted him their silver medal."
"Mr. WILLIAM WATSON, of North Middlesex, has continued his comparative culture of turnips, and clearly proved, by experiments, that drill husbandry is much superior to the broad-cast for this useful vegetable. The Society have therefore voted to him the sum of ten pounds."
"Mr. SETH BULL, of Ely, who received a reward in 1802, for planting oaks, has been the successful candidate in the same class this session, having planted seven acres of land, for which he was entitled to the gold medal, or thirty guineas, but has preferred the latter."
"These finishing the class of agriculture, Mr. TAYLOR resumed his speech, and entered on the Class of Chemistry, nearly as follows:—"
"The premiums which have been offered in this class have been productive of great improvement in mineralogy, dyeing, printing, varnishing, and other arts; besides discoveries advantageous to the health of our seamen and manufacturers. A valuable discovery has been lately made by Mr. THOMAS VAN RAZAMAN, for making paints with fish-oil; which are more easily prepared, much lower in price, and more durable for out-door work, than those usually made with linseed oil; and are not liable to blister or scale. He has also given a process for a white paint, to be used in the interior of houses, and free from the noxious smell attending common paint. For these inventions the Society have awarded to him their silver medal and twenty guineas."
"An easy and effectual method of cleaning feathers from their animal oil, and fetid smell, by immersion in clear lime-water, has been shown, for which the Society have adjudged to Mrs. ANN RICHARDSON, the premium of twenty guineas."
"A cheap and effectual means of removing the dirt from dyed silks, printed cottons, carpets, and woolen goods, has been discovered by Mrs. ANN MOORE. It is effected by the mucilaginous liquor formed by grating raw potatoes into water, and applying the clear liquor, cold, with a sponge. This process removes dirt without injury to the delicate colors of silk or cloth. The Society have voted to her the sum of fifteen guineas."
"Mr. Taylor proceeded to point out the good effects of the Society's premiums and bounties in the Class of Manufactures; who are—"
"Mr. William Cotton, of Ludgate Hill, was presented with the Gold Medal, for a substitute for Leghorn Hats for Ladies' Hats, specimens of which he produced, and also answered several questions put to him by his Grace."
"Mr. J. Beard, of Coggewhall, a poor but very ingenious Mechanic, received, what we are very sorry to consider as but a poor and inadequate reward, in the Silver Medal and 50 Guineas, for his complete Machine for forming the Wire Teeth of Cotton & Wool carding Machines."
"Mr. John Austin, of Glasgow, received a Silver Medal, for various minor though useful improvements of his to a Manufactory of Machinery. The worthy Secretary then made an excellent speech on the very great advantages which the community has reaped from the former and present labors and rewards of the Society in the Class of Agriculture; and proceeded briefly to state that the following premiums were delivered by the Noble Chairman, viz. To Mr. George Dyer, Ordnance Wharf, Westminster Bridge, for Chemicals Cleaned, by Mechanical Means; the Gold Medal."
To Mr. Gilbert Gilpin, Old Park Iron Works, Shifnal, for a Crane for raising Weights; the Silver Medal, and Thirty Guineas.
To Mr. John Prior, Nesfield, Yorkshire, for a Loom for pocket Watches; the Silver Medal, and Twenty Guineas.
To Mr. Robert Salmon, Woburn, for an improvement in Canal Locks; the silver Medal, and Ten Guineas.
To Mr. Joseph Davis, No. 14 Crescent, Kingland Road, for a Day and Night Telegraph; the Silver Medal, and Ten Guineas.
To Mr. Robert Salmon, Woburn, for a Geometrical Quadrant and Staff; the Silver Medal, and Ten Guineas.
To Mr. J. J. Hawkins, Dalby Terrace, City Road, for a Machine for cutting Paper and the Edges of Books; the Silver Medal.
To Mr. John Annis, Fulneck, near Leeds, for improved Door Latches; the Silver Medal.
To Mr. Andrew Flint, for an expanding Band wheel; Fifty Guineas.
To Mr. William Hardy, No. 1, Knowles Buildings, Ilkington, for a compensation Balance; Thirty Guineas.
To Mr. J. Watkins, No. 9, Giltspur Street, West-Smithfield, for an improvement in Time-Keepers; Thirty Guineas.
To Mr. John Annis, Fulneck, near Leeds, for a detached Escapement of a Pendulum Clock; Twenty Guineas.
To Mr. Thomas Parker, No. 6, Blue Cross Street, Leicester Fields, for a Machine for those makers; Fifteen Guineas.
To Mr. Henry Ward, Blandford, for a new striking Clock Movement; Fifteen Guineas.
To Mr. Peter Herfert, No. 33, Bow Street, Covent Garden, for a Book-case Bolt; Ten Guineas.
To Mr. Charles Le Caan, Llanelly, for a Check to Carriage Wheels; Ten Guineas.
BRITISH HUMANE SOCIETY.
ON the 24th of April last, the Anniversary Festival of this Society was celebrated at the London Tavern. This Institution was founded in the year 1774, for the preservation and restoration of life to persons affected by suffocation, &c.
Dr. HAWES rose, and addressed the meeting in verse. He congratulated them on the prosperous progress of the institution; and, upon the present occasion, he considered they should be addressed in no common language. He was witness to the fowing the first feds of the Society, of their generation and maturity, and, from their singular and unprecedented liberality, he had the happiness to state, that, up to the present day, not less than 2,869 persons of both sexes had been relieved and preferred from untimely deaths, by the humane exertions of this institution. After some further observations, he proposed the health of the President.
The procession then commenced, preceded by the City Constable and Deputy Marshal; eighteen women and children, and thirty-eight men and boys, who had been preferred at various times by the means recommended and provided by the Society, marched in solemn order twice round the room.
Dr. Hawes again addressed the Society. He observed, that it was the duty of the institution to take particular notice of those persons who had promoted the chief object of the Society in the preservation of the lives of their fellow citizens; he therefore considered the unanimous and general thanks of the Society, which was formed for public and private happiness, were justly due to Mrs. Luby, of the London Lying-In Hospital, from whose personal and indefatigable exertions no less than 100 ill-born children had been brought to life, and arrived to maturity; he therefore proposed the thanks of the Society should be voted to her in the warmest manner; which was agreed to with enthusiasm.
London paper.
Itine Pack, &c. —By a letter from Dr. DE CARO, of Vienna, to Dr. Jenner, it appears that the bills of mortality in that capital, for the year 1804, have produced two instances of death by small pox, and these victims caught the disease at a great distance from the city, and were brought thither. Vienna was subject to the most extensive ravages of small pox, until they were thus happily subdued by the powers of the new inoculation. It is hoped that those who object to the vaccine practice, will find in this remarkable instance, an irresistible argument as to its perfect security. It is to be lamented that this is now the only country where any doubts of this sort are entertained, the continent being far above us in the effectual extension of this providential discovery.
The Peruvian Institution , established in London, about three years since, for the use of Metallic Tractors in the disorders of the poor, has been followed by similar associations in different parts of Great Britain. One of these established at Durham, under the patronage of the Bishop of St. David's, has lately announced the cure of above two hundred of the poor objects, whose cases claimed its charitable attention. The Society in London have made two reports to the public on the result of their trials of this remedy, from which it appears that their success has been so considerable, as to have induced the committee to recommend the discovery to the notice of the British Parliament and to invite that body to take the practice under their patronage and protection.
No discoveries are of more importance than those which are connected with the improvement of Agriculture. Every one who has attended to this subject is acquainted with the sweeping destruction which has been occasioned by the genus of the Erinea , or Caterpillar. Many counties of this kingdom, especially in the western districts, depend, in a great degree, on the annual produce of the orchard; and in these districts, at least, it will be of great utility to circulate the intelligence of an experiment for the protection of fruit trees from the Caterpillar which has been attended with complete success. A clod of earth is moulded round the top of the trunk of the tree; and this is the whole process. From the hour that this operation is performed, the insects, even in the most remote ramifications, will begin to fall, and the tree will, in a short time, be wholly freed from this destructive incumbrance. It is true, that the animal will afterwards attempt to renew his depredations; but as soon as he arrives at the ring of earth, which should be permitted to remain, he will hasten down the trunk with much more rapidity than he attempted the ascent. We state this fact with confidence, but we leave to the learned Zoologist the explanation of the mystery. London paper.
Travels in Africa. —The celebrated MUNGO PARK, arrived at the island of Goree, on the coast of Africa, in March last, from England. He is now on his second tour through the interior of that country, and is amply supplied by the British government with every thing necessary to render his researches highly useful to mankind. At Goree, he was joined by a lieutenant, with a detachment of forty men, which, with the boatmen, draughtsmen, &c. &c. compose a company of about 60 persons. With this company he had ascended the river Gambia about five hundred miles, in the month of April; and when the gentleman who furnishes this information left Africa, Mr. Park was debarking, and about to commence his travels. Charleston Courier.
From the Mercantile Advertiser.
COMMUNICATION.
An improved Fly-Guard for Children. Rest and sleep in the day time, appear to be as essentially necessary to the welfare of children, as food and drink; but in hot weather, when the flies are abundant and troublesome, found and uninterrupted sleep can hardly be obtained. This (among fish children especially) is often a distressing circumstance; but this may generally be avoided and sleep secured by means of a fly-guard constructed in the following manner, viz. Take ten common pine laths, (such as are used by masons for lath and plaster,) make them all perfectly smooth with a knife, then cut four of them to the length of three feet six
inches for the two sides; and four pieces each twenty inches for the two ends; then cut eight pieces each one foot long for corner and middle posts; then match and tie these together in a proper manner, with full makers tarred twine (for nails or screws are unnecessary and superfluous) and you will have a frame of three feet six inches in length, and twenty inches in breadth. Then take your two remaining laths, notch them and lay them on the top in the form of the letter X, tying them fast at the four corners and in the middle, this will brace it together, and makes it complete. Procure as much common Sack guaze as will make a cover to throw over the frame and reach the floor on all sides, and you will then have a clever guaze tent for your child to sleep under, or the best, most convenient, and cheapest fly-guard ever contrived. PATRIOTICUS.
From the Byron Gazette.
USEFUL INFORMATION.
Messrs. Roffe & Cutler. The season is such, that it requires every prevention to be used, to preserve the health and lives of our fellow mortals, and more especially in seaports and cities, where the air becomes very much impregnated by the effluvia that arises from putrid substances which are thrown into the streets and docks. The most dangerous of these is that which arises from putrid vegetables, such as fallads, and the pods of peas and beans that have been kept till they have become very much withered, and soon will ferment, and become putrid when thrown from the doors and windows of houses, and trodden in the mud. It is highly necessary, that every family should see that their yard and street be kept clean from every kind of substance, when we have not a sufficiency of rain to wash them. Whenever a person has received into his lungs any of this putrid gas, it will immediately raise a fermentation, and become so acrimonious as to destroy the crafts of the blood at once—and by the globules of the blood being broken and mixing with the ferous juices, it soon causes a conflagration, and putrefaction will immediately take place. To remedy this, it is necessary that we make use of such kind of diet and drink, as will prevent any kind of fermentation taking place in the system. As it is common for mankind to perspire a considerable deal in hot weather it is necessary that these vacancies should be supplied with some kind of fluid or other; and we ought to make use of the most antiphlogistic kind of drinks, and those that will the least ferment, when taken into the body, especially in hot weather. I have been in the study of Botany for some years, and have travelled through the vegetable kingdom, in search of the virtues which contain, and have tried many experiments to know their qualities—and I feel myself in duty bound to expose to the public, at this hot and critical season, one of the greatest antiphlogistics in nature.
THE HOP, OR LUPULUS.
Is one of the greatest antiphlogistics that can be produced on the continent of America, or even on the heaths of the old kingdom; so much so, that even their liquor will prevent a piece of meat from putting in very hot weather; and of course a beer made of hops will preserve the juices of the body more than any other liquors whatever, because that fermentation will not take place in the liquor hops, unless something is added in order to excite it.
I believe, that if hop liquor was made use of in those cities and sea ports, which are so often visited with epidemic disorders and the yellow fever, that we should hear of very few that would fall victims to its virus.
The virtue of hops is such, that it will very much correct the bile, and even dissolves gall stones in the liver, and cleanse the kidneys from sand and gravel, and dissolve, and carry off the stone in the bladder, by its lithrotritic and diuretic quality. Those who drink freely of hop beer, will not be troubled with the jaundice or dysentery, and will have no occasion of taking emetics or cathartics to keep themselves regular. The flower of hops is a great soporific & easier of pain; so much so, that when opium has failed to give ease, you will find by hanging them in your bed chamber, and viewing a few of the flowers between the sheets, that the patient will rest easy and quiet. I should advise to quit those fermentable liquors, such as ale, beer, and various and ardent spirits, and make use of hop beer as a substitute, and I think we should not hear of any putrid disorder prevailing amongst us, although the season is uncommonly hot.
The quantity to make a barrel is small, 10 or 12 ounces are sufficient. I shall say nothing more at present concerning hops; but will ere long, refer the publick botanical Portfolio, where a general description will be given of roots and herbs for the use of the public. HERBARIUS.
FOR SALE.
A Very valuable shoemaker. For terms apply to the Editor of the Enquirer. July 2. (1aw-2m.)
WILLIAMSBURG HUSTINGS COURT,
May 27th, 1805.
ORDERED that notice be given for four weeks in the Enquirer, printed in Richmond; That this court will on the fourth Monday in July next, proceed to the settlement and distribution of the estate of John Ferguson, deceased, committed to the hands of Philip Moody late Sergeant of this City for administration.
A Copy, Test,
WILLIAM RUSSELL, c. c. Williamsburg, June 26. (ef4w.)
BY virtue of a decree of the county court of Essex, will be sold at Lloyd's, in the said county on the 29th day of August next, if fair, if not, the next fair day, the tract of LAND now in the possession of Capt. Molly and William Loyd, which was the property of the late Thomas Loyd, and lying in the Parish of St. Ann and said county, to satisfy Archibald M'Call the monies decreed to him thereby. JOHN P. LEE, } Commissioners W. FISHER, } JOHN JONES, } Essex, July 12. (ef5w.)
TO BE LET.
GENTEELE apartments, between the Basin and Main-street, suitable for a commission merchant or professional gentleman—respectable school or any other purpose, where a central situation and unobstructed light and air are requisite.—Enquire of Hart and Southgate, grocers, opposite the scale house, July 23. 1aw4w.
In Henrico County Court, July 18, 1805.
IN CHANCERY.
Fortunatus Sydnor, Compt. Against Jesse Smith, Robert Sydnor & Wil. } Defts. Ham Garland Sydnor,
THIS day came the complainant by his counsel, and the defendants, Robert and William Garland Sydnor, not having entered their appearance, and given security according to the Act of Assembly, in such case made and provided and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that they are not inhabitants of this Commonwealth. On the motion of the complainant by his counsel hereof, it is ordered that the said defendants do appear here on the fifth Monday in October next, and answer the bill of the said complainant, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in one of the newspapers published in the City of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the Court-house door, for this county. To Re, ADAM CRAIG, c. c. (I. F. P.) July 19. (ef 2m.)
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF
BLANKS,
FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
NOTICE.
THE Partnership now carrying on under the firm of PUMFREY & FITZWHYSONN, will be dissolved by mutual consent, on the 31st day of this present month. All those having claims against the said concern, are requested to bring them in to John Pumfrey for adjustment, and those indebted thereto, to make immediate payment to him. July 9. JOHN PUMFREY, W. H. FITZWHYSONN. (cp4w.)
THE subscribers take this method of informing his friends and the public, that he intends carrying on the STATIONARY & BOOK-BINDING business in all their various branches, as usual. JOHN PUMFREY.
JOHN PUMFREY returns his most grateful acknowledgements to his friends for the unbounded patronage which he has obtained in the line of his profession; and he trusts no exertion on his part will be wanting to merit a continuance of their favors. July 9. (cp4w.)
WILL BE SOLD at public auction to the highest bidder for ready money, at Zachariah Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, on Saturday the 30th day of August next, by virtue of a deed of trust, executed to the subscriber by Richardson Harris, late of the county of Chesterfield, to secure the payment of a debt due to Lyle and McCredie, and the expenses necessarily incurred; five negroes, viz: Sally, Killis, Charles, Phillis and Askey, or to many thereof as will be sufficient to satisfy the debt, interest and cost. RICHARD B. GOODE. July 2. (cp4w.)
VALUABLE COAL LANDS,
To be let upon a lease for years.
THE Coal Lands at Dover in the county of Goochland, joining Doctor John Adams's coal pits and Mr. Graham's, belonging to the subscribers. The situation is uncommonly advantageous for coal works. The distance from Manchester ferry, on James river, about 300 yards—the slope so advantageous as to render it extremely easy to construct wagon ways for transporting the coals to the river at little or no expense. There is a very fine landing on the river bank, belonging to the estate, for depositing the coals, from whence they can be conveyed into the boats by a wooden trunk, with great expedition and ease. The situation is such as to enable the coal-master to carry on the works for many years without interruption from subterraneous water so troublesome and expensive at coal pits. The body of coal is considered very abundant, and net in the smallest degree exhausted, as there has been only one small shaft made on the edge of the land, and works so far as to prove the excellent quality of the coals and the ease with which they may be raised. We will attach to the colliery a SMALL FARM, if required, within one mile, with useful improvements. For further information apply to the subscribers at the city of Richmond. DAVID ROSS, JAMES CURRIE. (4w.)
BY virtue of a deed of trust, executed to the subscriber by William Davis, to secure the payment of a debt due William W. Henning, as expressed in the said deed, now of record in the county court of Albemarle, will be exposed to public sale on the premises, on the tenth day of August next, one LOT, with its appurtenances, in the town of Charlottesville, number twenty; or so much thereof as will be sufficient to satisfy to much of the said debt as is now due, as in the said deed is mentioned, together with the costs of advertising and attending the sale. JOHN KELLY, Trustee. July 5. (ef4w.)
HOUSE AND LOT—FOR SALE.
THE subscriber offers for sale, the House and Lot, in the neighbourhood of Mr. M'Graw, and East Underwood, on the Hill, which lately lately purchased of Mr. John S. Moore, in which a bargain may be had. This lot has just been newly inclosed, and all the buildings so fitting of a dwelling house with two good rooms and a passage below, and 3 rooms and an entry above, a good cellar for cooking, and a leak room adjoining, a kitchen and smoke-house, have undergone a complete repair, and are fit for the accommodation of a general family. The terms of sale are—third in six months, another third in 12 months, and the balance in 18 months. Bonds with approved security, with a deed of trust on the property, to secure a punctilious payment of the instalments as they become due, will be required. If it is not sold, any person inclined to rent, may be accommodated. N. B. & J. SHEPPARD. Approved bonds or notes due or to become due from persons residing in Richmond or Henrico, will be taken in payment for the above property, though any person prefer that way of purchasing to the above. July 19. (ef)
JUST RECEIVED,
AND FOR SALE BY THE SUBSCRIBER, Four hundred pieces House Paper, Philadelphia. Beer by the barrel, a small quantity of first quality New-England Cheese; also 400 barrels Corn. EDWARD HALLAM. ALSO—5000 wt. Salt Peter's BACON;—and a constant supply of FRESH CORN MEAL. June 18. (cp) 12t
THE subscriber will sell at public and private to the highest bidder for ready money, at Zachariah Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, on Saturday the 30th day of August next, two likely negro BOYS Nelson and Harrison; conveyed in trust by the deed of Andrew Scott, dec'd, to secure the payment of a debt, interest and cost therein, acknowledged to be due Lyle and McCredie. RICHARD B. GOODE. July 2. (cp4w.)
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD.
RAN AWAY from the subscriber, living near the Bowling Green, on the 23d inst. a negro man named PETER, between thirty and forty years old, about five feet ten inches high, a light colour'd drab coat, a red striped waistcoat, corduroy or thickset breeches and dark mixed stockings—has lost the greater part of all his toes on the left foot, and when spoken to, is apt to appear friffrid. I will give the above reward if taken out of the state of Virginia, and thirty dollars if taken in the state, and out of this county, and ten dollars if taken in this county or confined in any jail so that I get him, or if brought home all reasonable charges paid. JOHN G. WOOLFOLK. July 2. (St.)
ON Saturday the 30th day of August next, will be sold to the highest bidder at public auction for ready money, at Zachariah Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester, a likely negro BOY, about 19 years old, by the name of Harry, conveyed to me in trust by Thomas Branch, of the county of Chesterfield, to secure the payment of a debt due to Lyle and McCredie, and the expense necessary to carry the trust into execution. RICHARD B. GOODE. July 2. (cp4w.)
BURR MILL STONES, of all sizes; and a PLAISTER OF PARIS, of an excellent quality. FOR SALE, AS USUAL, BY WILLIAM DAVIDSON, near the Market. Dec. 4. (spft.)
MILITARY CERTIFICATES.
FOR SALE, Certificates of this state, bearing interest of 6 per cent, and receivable at the Treasury, for all arrearages of taxes, prior to the year 1798. WILLIAM PRICE, Cash. Genl. M. A. S. May 10. (H.)
NOTICE.
THE partnership of Judson and Burr being dissolved by the death of P. Judson, the business will be carried on by the subscriber; to whom the creditors and debtors of the late concern are requested to apply for settlement of their accounts. D. J. BURR. July 26. (St.)
THE subscriber wishes to purchase a negro woman, about thirty years of age, who is cleanly and understands something of cooking. For a woman of this description cash will be paid. GEORGE HAY. July 26. (St.)
TO RENT,
THE HOUSE lately occupied by Thomas Gillis, and immediate possession given; apply to GILLIAT & KIRBY. July 2. (df)
TO BE SOLD,
To the highest bidder, on the premises, on the last Saturday in June next, So much of the LAND, whereon John Keiflives, in the county of Cumberland, late the property of Peter Francisco, as will pay the balance claimed of him, by Samuel G. Adams, of £. 160, with its interest, by virtue of a deed of trust executed to me by the said Peter Francisco, for that purpose. CREED TAYLOR, Trustee. May 17. (cp4w.)
From the business of the day, the file, has been postponed, of the above property, until the first Saturday in August next; when it will certainly take place, if fair, if not, on the next fair day. July 9.
GEORGE WILEY,
BROKER & COMMISSION MERCHANT, Near the Basin,
BUYS and sells all kinds of Produce—Also, Lands, Lots, and houses, Bank Stock, &c. He has for Sale, LOTS No. 141, 2, 3, and 4, which make one entire square in Du-Val's addition. There is a good Spring attached to them. These lots are well worth the attention of any gentleman wishing to build a summer retreat for his family. July 23. (ef)
TO RENT,
A BRICK LUMBER HOUSE on the Basin, for sale, German Oimburghs, by the piece or lot. Gen. Medock Claret, of vintage of 01 2 In boxes of Soturn Wine of the vintage of 60. £30 h. each. A few dining and desert sets of elegant French China. The above Wines are such as can be particularly recommended, having been laid in 1803 September at Bordeaux by one of the partners then on the spot, who took uncommon pains in the selection. PICKETT, POLLARD & JOHNSTON. July 23. (cp4w.)
FOR SALE,
THAT valuable TRACT OF LAND, in the county of King & Queen, late the property of Wm. Campbell, dec'd, called the Taylor's Bridge Tract; containing about four hundred acres, a large proportion of which is rich low ground, abundantly stocked with good timber, and well