The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-11-26 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM. (PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 53.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 26, 1805.
[VOLUME 2.]
NOTICE. —If Francis Lightfoot , a native of the county of New-Kent, and formerly a resident of the state of Virginia, be now living, or has any legal heir or descendant living, either in the United States or elsewhere, by applying either in person or by special agent, and producing sufficient evidence of their being such legal descendant, to Wm. or Nicholas Lightfoot of the county of James City, to Geo. or Lightfoot Poindexter of New-Kent, or to James Poindexter of Powhatan, will hear of something highly important and much to their advantage.
* The Printers throughout the U.S. are requested to insert the above twice, in their respective papers, and transmit their accounts to the Editor of the Enquirer. Nov. 19. ep2ai
GRAND LODGE OF VIRGINIA.
THE Grand Lodge of Virginia will meet in the Mason's Hall in this city, at 6 o'clock in the evening of Monday the 5th day of December next.
W. H. Fitzhugh, G. S. Nov. 12. tf
BANK OF VIRGINIA.
THE Stockholders are hereby Notified, that the Annual Meeting for electing Directors, will be held on Monday the 6th January.
Power of Attorney for voting by proxy for Directors:
Know all men by these presents, That I do hereby appoint to be substitute and proxy, for and in name and behalf, to vote at any election of a Director or Directors of the Bank of Virginia, as fully as I might or could have personally present. In witness whereof have hereunto set hand and seal, this day of in the year
Signed and delivered in the presence of
Power of Attorney for receiving Dividends:
Know all men by these presents, That I do hereby constitute and appoint lawful attorney for and in name and behalf, to receive and give receipts for all dividends now due, or which may become due on shares to belonging in the capital or joint stock of the President, Directors and Company of the Bank of Virginia. In witness whereof have set hand and seal this day of in the year
Signed and delivered in presence of
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY.
DELINQUENT Shareholders, on the 8th Requisition, are hereby Notified, that such shares, on which the said requisition shall remain unpaid, will be sold on the 21st day of December next, at Mr. Brooke's tavern in Manchester, at 12 o'clock in the forenoon. JAMES BRANDER, Clk. Nov. 19. ep21D
ANNUAL MEETING.
THE Annual Meeting of the Manchester Turnpike Company will be held at Mr. Brooke's tavern, on the first Monday in December, when it is expected the members will attend punctually, and conclude by 10 o'clock in the forenoon. JAMES BRANDER, Clk. Nov. 19. ep2D
AT a Meeting of the Board of Directors of the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings of the state of Virginia, held at the General Office on the 16th of November, 1805:
It appearing to the Board, that the time heretofore allowed the special agents of this Society to complete the revaluation of those buildings which had been insured in the towns and in the country prior to the 30th day of January last is insufficient for that purpose.
Resolved therefore, That the said agents be allowed 'til the 31st day of December next to complete the revaluation of all buildings which have been insured as aforesaid within the districts and towns for which they may have been severally appointed.
ALEXANDER M'RAE, President M. A. S. Telfe, LEWIS M'RAE, Clk. B. D. November 19. (ssw2w)
NOTICE.
BY virtue of a deed of trust, executed to me by John Kelso, to secure the payment of a debt due by him to John and William Bell, I shall, on Friday the 20th of December, at the house of the said John Kelso, in the upper end of the county of Cumberland, proceed to sell to the highest bidder, that valuable Farm, containing 550 acres of Land, on which he now lives, (subject to two prior deeds of trust) as will pay the sum due to the said John and William Bell, of about six hundred and fifty pounds, with some interest thereon, for the benefit of John Eppes.
CREED TAYLOR, Trustee. Nov. 19. ep2D
YOUNG LADIES ACADEMY.
MRS. O'REILLY respectfully informs the inhabitants of Richmond, that she has opened an Academy on the Capitol Hill, adjoining Major Duval's, for the education of Young Ladies in the following branches, viz:
The English and French languages grammatically; writing and arithmetic; history, geography, and globe; music, drawing, and all kinds of work, viz: embroidery in chenille, gold, silver, silk, &c. comprising figures, historical and ornamental landscapes, flowers, fruit, birds, &c. maps wrought in silk, chenille, gold, &c. print work in figures or landscapes; cloth work in hair, birds, flowers, &c. filigree and vacuuming in vases, pyramids, baskets, tea caddies, etc. grotto and shell work, artificial flowers, tambour and freuden, cross stitch, tent stitch, tapestry, &c. bugle and pearl work, painting on velvet gauze, silk, vellum, &c.
Terms made known at the Academy. November 19. ep1m
TO RENT.
THE Lumber Yard at present occupied by the subscribers on the Cross Street leading to the Basin. It is two stories high, 60 feet long, 20 feet wide, and well calculated for storing Flour or Tobacco. It is not rented, the above articles will be received on storage by
PICKETT, POLLARD, & JOHNSTON. November 5. (ep2w)
JUST RECEIVED.
THE 4th Vol. of Marshall's LIFE OF WASHINGTON—Subscribers to this work are particularly requested to call for their respective books at William Pickard's Book and Stationary Store.
Vm. Pickard begs leave to inform the public at large, that he is now selling off his stock in trade, at reduced prices. October 29. d.
IRISH LINEN & SHEETING
WELL assorted in boxes containing 26 to 36 pieces, purchased in Dublin last July, and imported in the ship George from Liverpool, for sale by the box and piece by
JOHN HENRY.
Who has also on hand, a few bales of GERMAN OSNABURGS, imported direct from Varel. October 29. 5wp
NOTICE is hereby given, that a petition will be presented to the next general assembly of Virginia, praying that an act may pass to authorise the sale of a TRACT OF LAND, belonging to the estate of Wm. Stentoe, dec'd. late of Hewick in Middlesex county, for the benefit of his infant children and his other legal Representatives. Nov. 1. uil..
THE Co-partnership of the subscribers, under the firm of THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. will dissolve by mutual consent, on the 11th inst.
THOS. TAYLOR, JNO. SATCHELL.
The subscribers, under the firm of TAYLOR & BROWN,
Offer their services to the public as AUCTIONEERS and COMMISSION MERCHANTS, at the land lately occupied by Thomas Taylor & Co. where they have on hand a large stock of
Dry Goods and West-India Produce, most of which will be disposed of at private sale on very low terms for cash or approved negotiable notes.
THOMAS TAYLOR, JAMES BROWN, Junr. (tf) October 11.
ELLIOTT & ALLAN
Have just received by the Ships Proteus and George from Liverpool, and Sable from London,
A SUITABLE and a well selected assortment of FALL GOODS.—Among which are:
 Duffel and Point Blankets  Role Blankets from 6-1 to 11-4  Napped Cottons  Kerseys white and coloured  Plaids do. do.  Yarn and Plaid Hose  Nails from 3d to 30d  Crown window glass 10 by 8, 11 by 9 and 12 by 10  Putty and Glue  Boiled Linseed Oil in Jars  English White Lead ground in oil  Yellow Ochre  Spanish Brown  Verdigris in pots  Bellows, Anvils, Vices and Smiths hammers  Liverpool Salt  London Superfine Cloths and Cambric, single and double Mtd  Patent Woolen Cords  Velvets, Hunters and Constitution Cords, Corduroys and Thickets  Ladies London Kid and Morocco Shoes and Boots  Silk, Cotton and Worsted Hose  Silk Bath Muff do.  White Angola Hose, very fine  Gentlemen's Silk, Cotton, and Worsted Hose  Argolas and Lambs Wool  Lambs Wool Half Hose  Real Italian Sarcenet plain and checked  Plain and Tamboured Jacquet Mullins  Colonade, Pique, & Laced Colonade & Cambric do.  Coloured Cambric and Calicoes  Elegant Silk Shawls, do. Cambric do.  Brussels and Kidderminster Carpets and Carpeting  Gentlemen's Real Beaver, Fashionable Hats  Patent do. do.  Ladies Trimmed do. do.  Rich Black Mouselin  Rich figured do.  Guns and Pistols  Elegant Bowling Pieces  Some Twine  6-8 and 10-4 Diaper and Damask do.  8-4, 10-4, 10-18 Damask and Diaper Table Cloths  Rich Linens and 5-4 Irish Sheeting.  Which will be sold on moderate terms. October 25. tf 
TO BE RENTED OR SOLD, To the highest bidder, on the premises, on the 3d day of January next:
THAT Valuable Plantation called WINDSOR, the property of the late William Dandridge, dec'd. situated on James River, about four miles above Richmond, containing by a late survey 777 acres.—The situation is healthy and high, commanding a most beautiful and extensive prospect of the river and adjacent country. There is convenient to this place, an excellent Fishery, where the finest shad, rock and other fish may, in their season, be had, with little expense, abundantly. There is attached to this farm about 120 or 130 acres of as good low land as any on the river. There is an orchard containing about 600 apple trees, besides other fruit trees of a superior quality to any in that part of the country. The buildings are a two story dwelling house, with two rooms and a passage below, and three rooms above stairs; a barn 40 feet square, the first floor of which is built of stone; a hay house 20 feet square, with sheds which are used as stables, and may with little repair be made excellent.
At the same time and place, WILL BE SOLD.—All the Stock of Cattle, Horses, Mules, Sheep, Hogs, &c. Plantation Utensils, Household and Kitchen Furniture, and about 30 black and Negroes; among them are an excellent Blacksmith and a Rope-maker. All of which is the property of the said Dandridge.
Also will be Sold, A valuable collection of LAW BOOKS, &c. &c. The Land is subject to the widows dower; if sold the terms of payment will be made known on the day of sale. For the other property a credit of twelve months will be allowed by giving bonds with approved security.
Should a purchaser prefer paying cash, a discount of 6 per cent. will be allowed. For all sums under ten dollars, cash will be expected.
WILLIAM LANGBORNE, Executor of Wm. Dandridge, dec'd.
WILL BE SOLD,
At Public Auction, at the Eagle Tavern, in the city of Richmond, on Monday the 6th day of January:
TWO LOTS in the said city on Shockoe Hill, one of which is at present occupied by Doctor McClurg, and adjoining one of Major Duval's; on this lot is a two story brick dwelling house, 36 feet square, with convenient out-houses. The other lot also joins one of Major Duval's, and is occupied by Mr. M. Bates; this lot has a Dutch roof framed dwelling house on it 36 feet by 18.
This property is likewise subject to the widows dower.
The terms of payment will be made known on the day of sale. Wm. LANGBORNE, Esq'r. Nov. 19. ep2
WASHINGTON TAVERN.
THE SUBSCRIBER,
WILL be prepared to accommodate thirty members of the next Assembly, he flatters himself, in a manner more convenient and agreeable to them, than heretofore; having two buildings detached from his Tavern, which he intends exclusively for their accommodation. All his dining room, which before was but small and inconvenient, is now large, and very convenient. To those acquainted with this situation it would be unnecessary to state the decided advantage it has over any other in this city, being within two hundred yards of the Capitol, and adjoining the public square. He pledges himself to keep his tables well supplied with Clover, Hay, Fodder, Oats and Corn; and offers an assurance that the strictest attention, will be paid by an experienced white Oiler. November 1. ep2ai
JOHNSON & REAT,
JEWELLERS, SILVER-SMITHS & GILDERS, A few doors above the Bell-Tavern, Richmond:
RETURN the public in general their thanks, for the liberal encouragement they have received, and with confidence of giving general satisfaction, they hope for a continuance of it.
They have now on hand, a handsome assortment of work, consisting of the following articles, viz:—
 Table, Desert and Tea Spoons; Soup, Toddy, Sauce and Mustard Lades; Salt Shovels; Sugar Tongs; Teaspoons and Ear Pickers; Pencil Cases; Pincushion Chains and Reams; Scissor Chains; Silver Thimbles; Tortoise Shell and Pearl-handled Penknives.  Miniatures drawn and set upon the shortest notice; Mourning and Fancy Lockets; Rings ditto; Bracelets ditto; Breast Pins of various Sizes and shapes, mourning and fancy; Gold, Silver, Pearl and Cook Sleeve Buttons; Gold and Hair Watch Chains; gold Seals and Keys of different sizes and shapes; an elegant assortment of fashionable Tortoise Shell Combs, ornamented, of various sizes and shapes, just from Philadelphia; Ear-Rings of the most fashionable forms and sizes; Gold and Gold Mounted Jet Necklaces; Ladies and Gentlemen's Morocco Pocket Books; Gentlemen's Patte Knee Buckles; & many other articles too tedious to enumerate—all of which they offer on the most reasonable terms. 
Persons willing to purchase by the quantity, will be allowed a reasonable credit by giving approved security in the city. Orders will be strictly attended to, and discharged with dispatch, by the subscribers.
JOHNSON & REAT. N. B. The highest price given for Old Gold and Silver. Nov. 19. ep2
MILITARY CERTIFICATES.
FOR SALE, Certificates of this state, bearing interest of 6 per cent. and receivable at the Treasury, for all arrears of taxes, prior to the year 1798. WILLIAM PRICE, Cashr. Genl. M. A. S. May 10. tf
NOTICE.
A Petition will be presented to the General Assembly of Virginia, at the next session, praying that an act may pass to incorporate a company for the purpose of cutting a Canal on the south side of the Falls of James River, or otherwise improving the navigation of the river for the passage of Batteaux; and also for the establishment of a Bank in the town of Manchester.
FROM THE BALANCE PUBLISHED IN HUDSON, N. Y.
AMERICAN CAPTIVES IN TRIPOLI.
Extracts from the Journal of Dr. Cowdery, kept during his captivity in Tripoli.
[CONTINUED.]
November 17. Visited our sick,* who were quartered in a small house without a floor, near the palace, and about half a mile from our lodgings. The Danish consul supplied the sick with fresh provisions, by the request of Capt. Bainbridge.
November 20. The minister permitted us to purchase our clothes. We got but a few and at a high rate. One of our men, by the name of Thomas Prince, turned Turk, and was admitted into the palace.
November 21. After visiting our sick, I was permitted to go with our droger-man about the town to purchase medicine, but found but a few articles. A man 115 years of age came to have me cure him of deafness.
November 24. The Bashaw refused to furnish necessary clothing for the sick, or any thing for them to eat but four filthy bread. Captain Bainbridge contracted with the Danish consul to supply the sick with beef and vegetables for four every day.
November 27. Our men complained of their hard usage, in being compelled to lie on the cold, damp ground; to eat bad bread; to work hard, and to be bastinadoed by their drivers.
December 5. The Bashaw sent for me to prescribe for himself and two officers of his body-guard, and ordered me to get such medicine as was necessary of the minister, who had a medicine chest.
December 6. Visited the sick at the palace, and found them all better. I was received and treated very politely. The minister sent for me to cure him of a blindness of his left eye. I prescribed for him with very little prospect of success.
December 7. Visited the ambassador from Constantinople, who was affected with the intermitting fever. Found my patients at the palace almost well.
December 8. Received several natural curiosities of Tripoli from Mr. Nissen.
December 9. Visited the Turkish ambassador and found him better. He asked many questions about America, and treated me with coffee.
December 10. Visited the Turkish officer, where I found a captain of one of the Grand Seignor's ships of war, who came to Tripoli to carry presents to the Grand Seignor. The Tripolitan captain who took the brig from Philadelphia, capt. Morris was also there. He was very inquisitive about our country and our navy.
December 12. Was called on by the General of Marine to visit his principal secretary. Before I was permitted to give any medicine, the Turks, six in number, with Hamet, our droger-man, surrounded the sick man, and offered a prayer to Mahomet. The sick man then told me that if I would cure him, he would be very thankful, and would speak to the Bashaw in our favour.
December 15. The Bashaw had a schooner launched, which was built by the Spanish car-
penters. She was tolerably handsome, and was calculated to carry six guns. When she was launched three guns were fired from the batteries and the confuls all hoisted their colours. At fun-set a firing from the batteries announced the commencement of the Mahometan Ramadan, continuing a lunar month, in which they neither eat, drink, nor smoke, while the sun is above the horizon, but feast at night. In walking through the town to visit my patients, I found the mosque and principal houses illuminated, and the people rejoicing. Passing the coffee-house with our droger-man, Lyle, a renegado Scotchman, who was now the Tripolitan Admiral, called me in to drink coffee with him, and was very polite.
December 16. Visited the marine secretary and found him in a state of great debility.—Could not prevail on him to take any medicine or the least kind of nourishment. He said he had rather die than offend Mahomet by breaking the Ramadan; but would take whatever I should advise, at night.
December 20. The market was so poor that we could get nothing for dinner but the shoulder of a poor dromedary.
January 1. Was called to visit the Bashaw's child, about eleven months old. The Bashaw seemed much affected on my pronouncing the child dangerous; and wished me to pay every attention to it, saying, that any thing he could afford should be at my service.
January 2. Found the Bashaw's child better, at which he expressed great satisfaction, and offered me a horse and servant to go to his gardens, about two miles from town. I preferred walking, and took our droger-man with me. As I passed out at the gate of the city, I saw a man's head sticking on a pole. On enquiry, I found it was the head of one of the Bedouins, who, about a year before, killed the son-in-law of the Bashaw, who commanded the army in collecting the taxes in the back part of his dominions. About a quarter of a mile from the gate; the road passed thro' a burying ground full of graves. After this, I came into a well cultivated country, which was laid out in squares of from one to six or eight acres each, surrounded with date trees, interspersed with oranges, figs, olive, lemon, and other trees. On coming to Admiral Lyle's garden we found him there, & he invited me in. It was very beautiful. He loaded us with his fruits, and offered me access to it whenever I chose, and said I was welcome to any thing growing in it. I concluded to postpone going to the Bashaw's garden until another day.
January 8. Went to the Bashaw's garden, where I met the minister and the prince, the Bashaw's oldest son. They politely conducted me through the garden, which was ornamented with a great variety of fruit trees, loaded with fruit particularly with oranges, lemons, and limes. John Hilliard died in the evening.
January 4. William Anderson died.
January 12. The Bashaw's eldest daughter was married to Selim, the Bashaw's chief cafteda or treasurer. Wilson, who was one of our quarter masters, and lately turned traitor and Turk, received 500 bastinadoes for quarreling with the noted Lyle.
January 14. The minister of foreign affairs, Sadi Mahomet, (Ramadan) ended this day by the change of the moon. The Tripolitans fired a salute from our ship which lay moored in the harbour within sight of our window.
January 15. The feast called Biram commenced. Every gun in Tripoli was fired in honour of the day. Every Turk put on his best suit, and there was a general rejoicing.
January 16. Capt. Bainbridge and lieut. Porter were invited and accordingly visited the Bashaw, with all the confuls.
January 17. The Biram ended this evening. The confuls, the ships in the harbour, and the castle, displayed their colours during the three days. The rejoicing was great, but neither elegance nor taste were discoverable.
January 19. The Bashaw's agent sent us a present of tea, coffee, and sugar, and a lamb, probably to induce us to buy a quantity of old clothes taken from us, for which they asked 600 dollars.
Diet at this time, two eggs and a piece of bread, with rain water for breakfast and supper, poor beef or Camel's flesh, bread, and sometimes boiled cabbage, with rain water, for dinner.
February 3. Was conducted to the castle to visit the Bashaw, whom I found, after passing several centinels, about fifty fierce yelping dogs, a three heavy doors loaded with irons and bolts, which were opened for us by armed Mamelukes. Preferred for the Bashaw's disorder.
February 6. The Bashaw sent for me to come to his room in the castle. He shook hands with me, received me with much politeness, and requested me to pay every attention to his family as a physician.
February 10. The Bashaw gave the officers permission to walk out into the town and country, but not to visit the confuls nor the batteries. Our droger-man, Hamet, was ordered to walk with us, and direct us where to go. We went out six at a time.
February 17. Preferred for the Bashaw's eldest daughter. Her husband offered me many civilities. At 5 o'clock, P. M. were informed that two English merchantmen were standing in for the harbour. They proved, however, to be the two vessels under the command of Capt. Decatur. At about 11 at night, we were alarmed by a most hideous yelling and screaming from one end of the town to the other, and a firing of cannon from the castle. On getting up and opening the window we saw the frigate Philadelphia in flames.
February 17. The Turks appeared much disconcerted at the loss of their frigate. A strong guard was put at our door, and we were forbidden going out. I was forbidden visiting our sick. It was reported that an American schooner and three boats set fire to the ship. Two Turks escaped, who told the news. They said that eight Turks had charge of the ship, and they supposed that the other six were carried off by the Americans. Our droger-man informed us that we were to be removed from our present habitation into the castle.
February 18. A guard of about twenty Turks was at our door. I asked permission to visit our sick, and was refused. A gloomy aspect continued on the faces of the inhabitants for the loss of the frigate.
February 19. Again asked permission to visit our sick, and was refused.
February 20. Permitted to visit our sick. Found the town full of country militia and our guard doubled.
February 21. Our prison was kept full of Turks to guard us. The Bashaw, having got a little over his fright, condescended to let us remain where we were.
February 24. We were forbid sending letters to our friends, without first showing them to the Bashaw or his ministers. The last letters we received, were broken open by the latter before they were delivered to us.
* As this was Dr. Cowdery's daily practice, we shall omit the repetition of it. Edit. Bal. (To be continued.)
European Intelligence.
RECEIVED AT BALTIMORE.
LONDON, September 24.
We need not state to our readers, that, for some time past, it has been thought in all the political circles, that a proposition would speedily be made by Mr. Pitt, to the principal Members of Opposition, to co-operate with him in forming a broad and strong Administration? Such has been the opinion, because all those nearest to Mr. Pitt, feeling, no doubt, the weakness of his situation, have volunteered this language; but it is now believed to be completely at an end. Mr. Pitt's journey to Weymouth, was no doubt made for the purpose of arranging with his majesty his plan of operations.—He has but two modes of proceeding—either to form a strong administration, equal to the exigency of the affairs of the Kingdom, or to a form a strong numerical force in Parliament, to give protection to his imbecility. The first object, he knows, he could only accomplish by a surrender of office, preparatory to an equal division of power with his opponents, (for he can no longer look to Lord Shelburne for aid;) and the second he can only hope to obtain by the purpise of a dissolution. We thought it unlikely, after the noble examples given by Forster, in Scotland; by Gloucester, in England; and by Down, in Ireland, that he would venture to make an appeal to the country, but we have reason to think that the confusions at Weymouth have ended in this desperate alternative. At any rate, we warn the independence of the country to be on the alert. A few days will determine the fate; in the mean time we will state our grounds of belief.
Lord BARHAM is about to quit the Admiralty, and Mr. CHARLES YORKE is to succeed him, an appointment which would not have taken place if Mr. Pitt had not determined to fight the battle by himself.
Mr. WILLIAM DUNDAS was sent for expressly from Scotland, to be consulted on this point, as well as on the state of that part of the kingdom; and several of Mr. Pitt's confidential friends have begun an active canvass.
We do not by any means state it as a settled point within our knowledge that there will be an immediate dissolution, but we wish to put the country upon its guard. If it should be attempted, we have no doubt it will be accompanied by the watch-word of a negotiation. There is a rumour that the Emperor Bonaparte has made a proposition towards a general Peace, of so liberal a kind as to be likely to obtain the most serious attention of the court of Vienna. Among other things it is said, that he has proposed to grant his kingdom of Italy to LOUIS XVIII.
Saturday a bag of letters and newspapers from Holland, to the 18th, were received at the Post-Office. The former dissipates the hopes which had been entertained of the French being about to evacuate Hanover. It is stated, on the contrary, that 14,000 fresh troops are on their route to reinforce the battalions already in that Electorate.
A letter from Harlem of the 16th, says, that a new military conscription has been secretly ordered, and is executing in France, comprising all persons capable of bearing arms, between the ages of 17 and 25, and from which neither artists nor professors, or students of the sciences, are exempt.
Duroc was only 7 days on his journey from Boulogne to Berlin.
The Austrian army at Passau, under the command of General Beaulieu, comprises nearly 100,000 men, with 140 pieces of cannon. A triple Alliance between Great Britain, Russia,

parties, agents of trouble and insurrection; and we may well doubt if there does not now exist in Tartary a greater number of men who are concerted and contriving to destroy that unhappy empire, than the sovereign could arm and embody to ensure its preservation. Such is the disastrous state of Turkey. The Emperor affected to see himself almost the only Prince on the Continent, who very early foresaw the projects which were formed against Turkey, hoped that the imprudent rapidity with which they were developed would open the eyes of Europe, and he has been able to bring this interesting subject into discussion, and call the attention of all the Cabinets to it. His Majesty the King of Prussia wrote to him to communicate the desire which the Emperor of Russia had expressed to send one of his Chamberlains. Puffendorf was demanded; the Emperor neither received nor asked for any explanation. He knew beforehand, and he expressed his opinion upon that point to the King of Prussia, that no hopes of the tranquillity of the world could be founded upon that negotiation; that though, perhaps, a favourable opinion might still be entertained of the personal generosity of the Emperor Alexander, no favourable result could be expected from a discussion in which his moderation had been so perversely overcame by foreign influence, and by the intrigues of those who surrounded him.
That in reality Russia takes no real and sincere part in the interests of the continent; but, indifferent to the happiness of Europe, her intervention in political forms has ever served only to increase hatred and inflame passion. That at all times the quarrels of other powers have been to her only the subject of a mere idle speculation, and that now, occupied as she is with the progressive annihilation of Persia and Turkey, they can only be to her a momentary subject of diversion, or perhaps of fantasy. His Majesty the Emperor, however, ordered that the Puffendorf should be sent; and since then nothing more has been heard of the Chamberlain of the Emperor of Russia. It must doubtless be regretted that an opportunity has been lost of making just and severe representations to Russia on her conduct in Asia, on the oppression with which she menaces the Ottoman empire, and on the causes of the alarm which begins to spread every where, at the approach of an event which threatens to destroy for ever the equilibrium of the south of Europe. It is in this point of view, above all, that his Majesty looked upon the proposed negotiation as an advantageous project which might tend to the general good; and he is afflicted that the caprice of Russia has, in this respect, disappointed his hopes. In exposing, however, on this head, his real views, he does not think himself obliged to enter into any explanation with respect to the pretended dispositions the letter of M. de Novositzoff attributes to him. It is simply this, that an irreconcilable cabinet to give a colour to an absurd measure, endeavour to impute to France contradictions in conduct and language, which do not belong to her.
But here the recrimination is only a pretext, and a pretext without truth. Puffendorf solicited and obtained do not constitute a negotiation. France said nothing. Russia alone made a demonstration, and demanded that one of her agents should be admitted to be heard. If this demand had been coupled with offensive conditions, with clauses which it is astonishing to see in a note purporting to be official, it would have remained unanswered. The character of his Majesty the Emperor is too well established in Europe to have the impossible supposition for a moment believed, that he would have permitted propositions to be made to him, contrary to his dignity, or have listened to such propositions. Nevertheless, to take away all possibility of belief, from any such allegation, he judged proper to publish, the undermentioned received orders to deny it in the most positive and formal manner.
The son of the late ZEMAN SHAH, who had been confined in the strong fort of Sooltanabad, has been liberated by a body of Seiks, and is now at the head of a numerous party to dispute the sovereignty of Cabul.
Among the splendid monuments of Napoleon's government, the works at the port of Antwerp, and the new communications between France and Italy, are particularly distinguished. Ships of the largest size may now proceed to Antwerp; and the stream, which formerly prevented such a disadvantageous spectacle, is now covered with a forest of masts. But the construction of road, to facilitate and abridge the passage from France to Italy, and thus to strengthen the intimate connection before subsisting between the two countries, was a still bolder undertaking, in which those to whose execution it was confided had to contend with lofty mountains, steep rocks, and impetuous torrents. All these obstacles are overcome, and these gigantic exertions have produced a road of 53 miles in length, and at an elevation of 2000 metres above the level of the sea.
Paris has no more than 547,756 inhabitants. The population of the whole department of the Seine consists of 631,151 persons, of which 305,048 are males, and 326,483 females. The number of poor maintained at the public expense has decreased in the two last years, from 111,636 to 86,936.
NORFOLK, November 20.
TRANSLATIONS
From French papers received at the office of the Public Ledger, by the ship Eliza, Capt. Smith, in 38 days from Bordeaux.
PARIS, September 26.
His excellency the minister for foreign affairs has left Paris to repair to Strasbourg for the purpose of being near the Emperor.
The tribunal held a public sitting to-day. Mr. Prevost on the conclusion of a report of the committee, to which a communication had been referred of the government, relative to the invasion of Bavaria by the Austrian armies, proposed to decree that an address should be presented to his Majesty the Emperor and King to avow the devotion of the nation to its chief, and its gratitude towards him for all the personal sacrifices he has made for the maintenance of peace, &c. This proposition was unanimously adopted. Mr. Joubert on this occasion made a speech, from which we make the following extracts: The speaker after having demonstrated that general Bonaparte, in the midst of his greatest victories, had surpassed in moderation the most illustrious conquerors, that called afterwards to the imperial throne; he had never ceased to manifest the same sentiments, he then took a view of the conduct of Austria with her recent provocations. He discovered the cause of them, first in the perfidy of the Cabinet of London which to secure to itself the exclusive dominion of the seas, has succeeded in forming a new coalition, secondly, in the hereditary hatred of Austria against France, in the fear in which she herself holds Russia, in the absurd idea of annexing the fragments of a throne, which she
thinks ready to fall, and in the never-ceasing wish of re-uniting Bavaria to her states. But said he, our confidence cannot be misplaced. Does history cite a military force equal to that which is to-day both our defence & our boast? I speak only of the number of our troops—It is immense—What a work is that of our army! What soldiers! What Captains! They will have only to recognize the countries in which they were victorious—The foul becomes elevated, the heart affected, when we view that great man tearing himself from the repose which he has earned by his victories and numerous benefactions, to fly to the defence of the Empire, animating by his presence those brave thousands of whom a single look of his renders capable of any prodigy. In the interior, every one will do his duty. Who is ignorant, that this is the reason why the country is still active: No gentlemen, the result cannot be doubtful, peace will be restored to the world, the liberty of navigating the seas will be complete, Europe will repose on an immovable basis, Russia will remain near the pole, and Austria who violates the peace, to become an accomplice in the piracies of the cabinet of London, may find her fate in the strong expressions of the Golden Bell—“Omne regnum in se ipsum divisum desolabitur num principes ejus facti sunt socii furum.”
The following observations are translated from a Paris paper of the 26th September. Those who know the state of the press in France, will consider these remarks if not proceeding from the government, as not offensive.
September 28.
The French government has now published all the documents, relative to the negotiations with the Austrian cabinet, and which have terminated so unfortunately. It corresponds with the loyalty of his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon, to publish the complaints of his enemies, with the answers which he has caused to be made to those complaints; this procedure could only be displeasing to those who are interested in concealing the first causes of a war which is about to desolate Europe, such was his frank and noble conduct when the treaty of Amiens was violated. The English government has been desirous of burying in eternal oblivion, the motives which induced this violation of the faith of treaties, and disregard of the cause of humanity. Whatever may be the result of this war, the crime of kindling it, will be inscribed in indelible characters in the pages of history.
It is fortunate that doubts, now no longer exist, as to the first causes which have produced this new coalition. He who can advance arguments (which deserve no answer) in support of measures, feels no difficulty in exposing his motives; but the French people, will see in those arguments, designs calculated to fully their glory, and to destroy their national security and independence.
Those documents prove to demonstration, the great point which we are about to discuss. The unfounded complaints of Austria and Russia, originate from a much more important source than the changes which have been produced in Italy. From the commencement of the present war, those two powers appear to have taken an interest in the war, not for the purpose of mediating, but of associating themselves with England. Nothing but the excessive moderation of the Emperor Napoleon, could have submitted to such open provocation.
A glance at the map of Europe will be sufficient to satisfy any one, that the situation of the European powers, relative to each other, has experienced considerable changes, since the peace of Luneville, more particularly since the violation of that treaty was effected by the violation of the good of Europe, Austria and Russia, have (availing themselves of the occasion) continued to augment and extend their influence, while France in this respect has carried her spirit of moderation to excess. The French people might have cause to complain of the confidence reposed in Austria and Russia, by the Emperor Napoleon, if they were not justified in relying on his courage to avenge this scandalous abuse of his generous moderation.
At the time when the treaty of Amiens was broken, the Emperor of Russia, was very far from assuming the influence, which he now exercises with such insupportable arrogance, over the deliberations of the Divan. He did not insist upon the necessity of the Porte's admitting a Russian garrison into the Ottoman provinces, nor of dictating its diplomatic notes, and of giving it allies or enemies at pleasure. He did not then order his fleets and armies to pass under the ramparts of the Seraglio. The protection granted to the Seven Islands, which was designed simply as an honourable guarantee of their independence, has been an instrument of acquiring absolute dominion. These Isles have become a depot for arms, soldiers, and ammunition. From this military position his Russian Majesty can carry war, at the first signal, into the heart of the south of Europe, into Egypt, or the Morea. The Mediterranean has become subjected to his absolute rule. This assumption on the part of Russia, long since effected, is certainly of much more importance, in relation to the other powers of Europe, than can possibly be, a few formal changes in Italy, or the voluntary annexation of a small province, which in fact, adds nothing to the continental strength of France.
In respect to Austria, the emperor Napoleon, has no less cause to complain of the violation of many of the articles of the treaty of Luneville, and of successive usurpations on the rights of the German princes, and more particularly on those of the elector of Bavaria. These wrongs are sufficiently developed and sustained in the official documents, and render any further illustration unnecessary.
The most striking of these circumstances, which present themselves and subserve the cause and justification of France, is the evidence which they furnish of the hostility of Austria & Russia, by great and continued preparations for war, before one complaint was made to, or against France. These warlike preparations have been continued, notwithstanding that the Emperor Napoleon in answer to the complaints of Russia and Austria, has stated that he is ready to separate the crowns of France and Italy, the moment the troops should be withdrawn from the frontiers, and assurances are given of pacific intentions. In fine, were any thing wanting to substantiate the evidence of these facts, it could be observed that these hostile determinations of the coalised powers, were openly avowed in the British Parliament, long before the existence of the wrongs alleged, for which they are the pretexts. Above all it must be remarked, that the activity of the emperor Napoleon, in prosecuting the naval war, the great expense which he has incurred in the formation of a new marine, the immense armament which he had destined for the glorious expedition against England, leaving his frontiers on the side of Italy and Germany, without soldiers, arms, or magazines, prove his aversion to war, and
* Genoa.
that relying on the honour of Russia and Austria, he was intent only upon the prosecution of an enterprise, in the success of which the whole continent was deeply interested.
September 30.
The English papers just arrived in Paris are barren of information; they contain nothing positive upon the opening of Parliament: that great council of the nation will assemble, however, when new subsidies are to be voted for the coalition, which cannot fail of being soon in need of them. As this war is made only for the benefit of the English government, they must dispose themselves to defray it largely. In the first war of the revolution, they gave subsidies only as their contingent in the common cause; at this time the pecuniary succours are unlimited; all the expenses are at their charge. The two emperors of Germany and Russia are themselves only the vassals of the monarch of India. Thus every thing induces us to believe that his Britannic majesty will soon call his faithful Commons together. The pay of the Russian army must perhaps be supplied before they reach their destination; and in the interval the emperor Napoleon may furnish a proper text to the orators of the opposition who wish to hold forth upon the advantages and utility of this new coalition.
For this long time past nothing has been talked of but the immense preparations of Russia & Austria. The news-papers are daily filled with details of the march of the troops, their carefully deliberate their composition, the progress, the places they stop at to-day, those they will arrive at next week, &c. In France less is said of the movements of the French armies; indeed they arrive before people have time to speak of them. It is a thing worthy of remark and which already gives a perception of the fate of the coalition and the issue of the contest, that the two powers who meditated the war with so much precaution should be in some measure prevented and taken unawares by the one who wished for peace. It is now upwards of fifteen months since the emperor Alexander put his troops upon the footing of war, and began to transport an army into the Mediterranean. For this year past the emperor of Germany has been making secret dispositions, getting arms manufactured, and raising men: he has been storing up immense quantities of corn and other provisions at the risk of creating a scarcity among his subjects and of occasioning popular commotions even in his very capital. It was discovered some months since, that he made numbers of soldiers file off in the dead of night, under the guise of travellers, by cross roads, to assemble upon the frontiers. And yet after so much care, precaution and preparation, it is probable the French army got together in haste, without magazines or military stores upon the spot, will meet with no Austrian army on the borders of the Rhine, capable of withstanding it—and the Russian army will perhaps only arrive to witness the disasters of those whom blindness calls their allies, but whom good politicians will call their enemies. It is another glorious spectacle, to behold energy all of a sudden impressed upon the French people, to see the reorganisation of the national guards, the rise of rocks at the very moment when the departure of court, the generals and so many distinguished personages must have carried away a considerable quantity of specie from the capital. This eminently proves that France has lost nothing of her national vigour. She will know how to parry the blows that her enemies were ready to strike at her, and she coolly waits the expeditions headed by such commanders as the dukes of York and Cambridge; whom Homer would so justly have stiled light-footed.
VERONA, September 3.
His Excellency Marshall Massena, Commander in chief of the army of Italy, has established different corps which successively arrive. On the 10th, the following proclamation was put upon the order of the army.
"Soldiers of the army of Italy, His Majesty the Emperor and King has appointed me your Commander in Chief. It is grateful to me to see again my ancient companions in arms, and to find in them the sentiments which I knew them to possess, attachment to discipline, and devotion to their duty: I shall always speak to them the language of these sentiments, and it is a pleasure to me to think that they will know how to answer it, if the political circumstances oblige his Majesty the Emperor and King to give the signal of battle, in spite of the desire he has constantly manifested to maintain peace; Soldiers! you will remember that you are upon a field of battle, illustrated by his victories, and that at every step we shall find traces of his magnanimity and of his genius."
"I replace at your head a General distinguished by his services, he is called to another destination, whither no doubt your wishes will accompany him: upon whatever theatre His Majesty may place us, Soldiers, let us justify his choice, and let us ever have but one thought: our Country and our Emperor."
The Marshal of the Empire, Commander in Chief.
Signed,
MASSENA.
The two banks of the Adige are now occupied by considerable forces. The fortifications of Mantua, lately inspected by the Marshal, have been found in such a state as to be looked upon as impregnable.
LEMBERG, Sept. 14.
To the different generals, which we have announced as having commands in the two Russian armies under M. D'Apraxin, are added, the Count de Buxhowsden governor of Riga, and the generals of Infantry Michelson and Guileints, and the Count de Tolstoy, the military governor of St. Petersburg.
The Prussian frontiers are inaccessible to the Russian army, according to the declaration of his Prussian majesty, to maintain a strict neutrality, and also by the large armies which cover the Prussian frontiers. The Russian generals have been compelled to avoid the Prussian dominions in Poland; four columns of the Russian army have in consequence, defiled at Brody, towards the Eastern frontier of Galicia, and press forward to Moravia; a part will pass near Pulaw, the others approach Cracovia, and our walls.
INSPRUCK, Sept. 16.
The Archduke John, who was attached to the army of Italy, under the Archduke Charles is arrived to take the command of the army of the Tyrol composed of 40,000 men, the right wing is commanded by general Hiller, and the left by general Jellachich, lately arrived from the frontiers of Turkey, where he commanded the Austrian army.
From Venice we learn that large quantities of siege artillery are collecting in that city, where the Prince Charles is momentarily expected.
STUTGARD, Sept. 19.
M. Massena, charge d'affairs of the Emperor of France, near the elector of Baden, has returned to Karlsruhe, he arrived there on the 17th in the evening, when he immediately had an audience with the elector, who is preparing to depart for Strasbourg.
It is reported within these few days that a body of Austrian troops from the Tyrol, had entered the country of the Grisons, and had occupied the capital of that canton; this intelligence wants confirmation. The city of Ulm, capital of the province in Swabia, belonging to the elector of Bavaria, was taken possession of on the 18th by a regiment of Austrian dragoons, which arrived there from Gunzburg. A part of this regiment is cantoned in the neighbouring villages. The Austrian colonel Dedowich is also arrived at Ulm. The day preceding, the Bavarian troops quitted the place, and their posts were occupied by the militia, who now do duty with the Austrian troops.
Letters from Vienna of the 12th of September, received at Ratibon, announces that the greater part of the Russian army, which had entered Galicia, cannot reach the upper circle of Austria until some time in October, to form a junction with the Austrian army in Germany. The French ambassador remained at Vienna the 12th September, but the preparations he was making announced his speedy departure. The Archduke Ferdinand had set out for Munich. The Archduke Charles does not quit the capital until the 16th.
September 23.
It is said that orders are given for embodying the troops of Württemberg in the vicinity of this place, the number it is said will amount to 20,000 men. A corps of Austrian troops is arrived in the neighbourhood of Villingen and Donaueschingen, in the Brisgau. The advance guard of the Austrian army is arrived at Stockach, and the head quarters are expected to be at Memmingen. The corps of the Austrian army in the Voralberg, which had formed a temporary camp in the vicinity of Bregenz, under the orders of general Wolskai, commenced their march on the 16th or 17th instant, on the 18th it had advanced to Waldsee, in Upper Swabia; it is composed of 12,000 men. It is stated also, that the camp at Wetz, has been broken up, and that all the troops have been marched in three columns. The troops of the elector of Bavaria, are concentrating more and more in Franconia, and the Upper Palatinate. It is presumed that Franconia (with the exception of the Prussian dominions) will not be comprised in the line of demarcation of neutrality, and that the Bavarian army will join that of the Marshal Bernadotte, which is advancing thro' the Electorate of Hesse, and the country of Fulda, to attack the Austrian army.
FRANKFORT, Sept. 23.
The French troops of the army of Hanover arrived yesterday in the vicinity of this place. The general in chief marshal Bernadotte, has his head quarters about a league and a half from this place. Yesterday afternoon the senate assembled to deliberate upon a demand of the French general for a certain number of rations. The third division of French Batavian army has arrived at Coblenz.
September 24.
The first division of the French Batavian army, which has arrived at Mayence, is to pass the Rhine tomorrow the 25th, and will arrive the same day at Frankfort, and it is presumed will form a junction with the army of Hanover, corps of which are daily arriving in our vicinity, after which it is probable, they will take the route for Alschaffenburg and Wurzburg. The general Kellerman arrived here yesterday, from the head-quarters of the general in chief marshal Bernadotte, who is expected here tomorrow. The Austrian army which had advanced into Bavaria, has formed a junction with the Austrian corps assembled near Bregenz. We wait with extreme impatience and anxiety, the result of the mission of M. de Meerfeldt to Berlin, and that of the comte de Haugwitz to Vienna. These are perhaps, the last efforts to prevent hostilities.
September 25.
The first division of the French Batavian army which yesterday crossed the Rhine, halted last night at Welbacher Siedlingen; this morning it continued its march for Frankfort. The second division will arrive this evening at Frankfort.
The troops of the army of Hanover are to pass the Mein on the fide of Hanau, for which purpose a bridge has been constructed at that place. The junction of the two armies will take place near Seligenstadt, between Frankfort and Alschaffenburg. The ardour which is displayed by the troops, is beyond all expression.
September 26.
According to letters from Munich, the Archduke Ferdinand arrived at that city on the 19th at night. The Austrian minister to Bavaria Baron Schauenflein, has repaired to Wurzburg, to present various demands on the Elector. The Austrian commander at Munich, has sequestrated the treasury of the Elector, allowing him only sufficient for the support of his civil list, and personal expenses.
P. S. This moment a letter of the 21st. from Munich, announces the arrival of the Emperor of Austria and Germany, at that place. His majesty departs tomorrow for Landshut.
STRASBOURG, Sept. 24.
Yesterday the superb regiment of Grenadiers belonging to the army arrived here. It is quartered on the citizens of the town. It will be reviewed to-day by Prince Murat, and the other generals who are here. It is said that General Lannes will command this corps. The first column of the imperial guards is expected to day. Our vicinity is filled by an immense quantity of troops, infantry, as well as cavalry.
September 25.
Early this morning, several divisions of our grand army, passed the Rhine on the bridge of boats, between our city and Kehl; The Elector has granted permission for them to pass through the estates of Baden. The division of grenadiers commanded by general Oudinot, is one of the corps which have passed.
September 26.
Most of the generals who were assembled here, have already quitted, and put themselves at the head of their respective corps. We are assured that the Prince Murat passed the Rhine with his staff yesterday afternoon, as did also the Marshal Soult. It is said, that another of our armies has passed the river at Mannheim.
Of the destination of our armies nothing is known with certainty, as the greatest secrecy prevails as to their operations. Some persons who have come from the right bank of the Rhine, state that the part of the army which crossed at Kehl are pressing for Radstadt; one column was directing its march towards Oberkirch, to proceed from thence towards Knibis, and that another was to take possession of the valley of Kintzich (of Quenche). It is also said that a passage of the Rhine had been effected at Neuf Brück.
The Austrians, it is said, have advanced considerably within these few days past, and that their patrols have entered Stuttgart by one side, and by the other the country of Knibis, in short that one of their corps is posted between Rothweil and Villingen.
BASLE, Sept. 25.
The corps of Austrian troops in the environs of Bregenz, under the command of General Wolskai, departed on the 17th of this month, and proceeded towards Upper Swabia. This intelligence is certain, and proves that the Aus-
trian army has not had the temerity to enter the territory of the Helvetic republic, from whence it could retreat with so much difficulty, and moreover assures us, that the flames of war are not to extend to us.
STATE PAPER.
Note of the Cabinet of Vienna.
This state paper was delivered to the minister of foreign affairs, by Count Philip Cobenzel, (12th of Sept.)
The Court of Vienna yields without hesitating to the demand which has been made on her on the part of the Emperor the French, to explain herself categorically upon the intentions and the motives of her armaments. She has no other intention than to maintain peace and friendly relations with France, as also to maintain the general repose of the continent; no other desire than to see the intentions of the Emperor Napoleon correspond with her own. But the maintenance of peace between two powers does not alone consist in not attacking each other. It consists, at least, essentially in the accomplishment of the treaties upon which peace is established. The power who infringes them in essential points, and who refuses to do justice to remonstrances, is quite as much the aggressor as if she attacked the other unjustly. The peace between Austria and France depends upon the treaty of Luneville, one of the conditions of which stipulates and guarantees the independence of the republics of Italy, as also of the Helvetic and Batavian Republics, and secures to them the liberty of choosing their governments. Every enterprise to oblige them to adopt a government, a constitution, or a master, otherwise than by their free choice, otherwise than by preserving a real political independence, is an infraction of the peace of Luneville, and Austria has the right to claim and pursue the redress of it.
The desire of maintaining mutual friendship, of quieting distrust, of preferring the public repose from greater dangers, may, in the midst of critical and delicate circumstances, engage the claiming party to be circumspect, to use great moderation in pursuing its grievances, to refer the discussion to subsequent negotiations; but the regard of friendship cannot make it its duty to renounce the stipulations of treaties, and the power who after having infringed them, declines explaining herself upon it, refuses to negotiate and substitutes threats for negotiation, offends as much against the laws of friendship as against the sacred rights of peace.
As to the maintenance of public repose, it requires that each state shall remain within its own limits and shall respect the rights and independence of the other states, strong or weak. This repose is troubled when a power attributes to itself rights of occupation, protection and influence, which are avoided neither by the law of nations nor by treaties; when she speaks of the rights of victory after the peace that has extinguished them; when she employs force and fear to dictate laws to her neighbours, to oblige them to assimilate their constitution to hers, or to wrest from them alliances, concessions, acts of submission and of incorporation; when she pretends that her dignity is offended by well grounded representations, whilst her own journals successively attack monarchs; in fine, when she sets herself up as sole arbiter of the fate and common interest of nations, and wishes to exclude other powers from all participation in the maintenance of the general tranquillity and equilibrium, some because they are too far off, others because an arm of the sea separates them from the continent, opposing to the remonstrances of the nations the nearest to the danger evasive answers, assemblages of troops upon their frontiers, and menaces of rupture if they put themselves in a state of defence.
It is the then who provokes the other powers to arm themselves, to help each other, to unite in fine if necessary for the maintenance of their own, and of the public safety.
It is thus that the armaments of the court of Vienna have been gradually provoked, both by the armaments of France and by the insufficiency of conciliatory means, to assure herself of the maintenance of a true peace and of a quiet futurity.
All Europe has perceived the sincerity of the pacific dispositions of his majesty, the emperor in his exactness to fulfil the conditions of the treaty of Luneville, in his great condescension upon the subject of the extensions, hurtful to his interest, given to the execution of that treaty in Germany; in his moderation not less great at the time of the first violations of the French republic from the said treaty, relative to the other republics.
Attributing these deviations to the wish of guaranteeing from all internal danger, the development of the plan formed for the re-establishment of the monarchical government, his majesty made no difficulty in acknowledging the state of things established in Italy towards the end of the year 1802. His confidence in the views of the First Consul, the engagements entered into by the latter with the New-Italian republic upon the temporary duration of his presidency, the public and solemn assurances which attended and followed his elevation to the Imperial dignity, of his entertaining no views of aggrandizement or any wish to encroach on the independence of the Italian states; in short, the engagements subsisting on his part towards the sovereign of Russia, more particularly on the compensations to be granted to the King of Sardinia and on a common arrangement of the affairs of Italy; all these motives have concurred to give birth to, and nourish in his majesty's heart, the hope that the consolidation of the new empire of the French would bring back in a little time the policy and measures of his government to relations compatible with the equilibrium and safety of Europe; and when, sometime afterwards, the first rumours of new, and approaching changes in the states of Lombardy induced the ambassador of Vienna at Paris, to demand explanations upon this head, his majesty was still further confirmed in his hopes by the official assurance, given in the name of the emperor Napoleon, that the Italian Republics should not be united to France, and that no innovation should take place in them contrary to their political independence.
Europe will judge whether these assurances have been fulfilled. The emperor has not ceased to reclaim them, as the correspondence will prove which took place thereon between the two sovereigns, and the official and ostensible relations which the ambassador count Philip Cobenzel was instructed to make; and although the letters by which the emperor Napoleon communicated to his majesty; his dispositions for the establishment of a kingdom of Italy were attended with threats of armaments; although every thing at that time revealed what the event has since proved, that the emperor of the French was resolved on supporting these innovations by force; nevertheless his majesty never recognized dispositions which were only announced to him as a provisional arrangement; he confined himself to repelling the charges which served as the pretence for threats, and to manifesting the hope that this principle of separation and independence consecrated by the treaty should be maintained by definitive arrangements, which the emperor Napoleon made to depend on further negotiations with the court of St. Petersburg.

and London, at the period of the re-establishment of peace.
These negotiations were in fact the only hope H. M. had left, to succeed by conciliatory modes, in consolidating peace and at length to restore calm to Europe, alarmed from the North to the South, by enterprises the number and extent of which increased every instant.
H. M. the emperor of the French had taken towards the King of England, a preliminary step, still continuing, however, to wish to exclude him from the right of participating, in the major interests of the continent.
This restriction, combined with the relations which existed between the courts of London & St. Petersburg, induced H. Britannic majesty to have recourse to the emperor of Russia, who, notwithstanding the interruption of his official relations with France, did not hesitate to interpose his good offices, to lend for that purpose a negotiator, and to cause his admission to be asked for of the Sovereign of France.
But the hope, founded on all these pacific steps was not long in vanishing. New blows were aimed at the political existence of other independent states of Italy, at the very moment when the passport which had been demanded for the Russian negotiator to proceed to France, was sent to him; the emperor Alexander conceived himself henceforth authorised to look on his mediation as compromised; on the other side, French armies were suddenly assembled in Italy, notwithstanding the promise given not to a.
A camp of thirty thousand men assembled in the plains of Maringo was followed by another camp of forty thousand men, in the frontiers of the Tyrol and the Venetian Provinces of Austria. H. M. was thus constrained to provide in an efficacious manner for his own security. He then acquired the conviction that the pacific, friendly and moderate principles he professed, met with no such sentiments in return from his Majesty the emperor of the French, as could authorise him any longer to neglect preparing necessary measures for the defence and maintenance of the dignity of his Empire.
Such is the cause of his present armaments. But the same sentiments which have induced H. M. to wish to avoid having recourse to such measures, have also determined their end. The emperor arms, not with hostile views, not to make a diversion to the defence on England, the execution of which after two years threats, should not appear reserved for the moment, when France has provoked both Austria and Russia. He arms for the preservation of the peace which subsists between him and France; for the maintenance of the conditions of peace, without which this peace would be merely an illusion, in order to succeed in an equitable accommodation, founded on the moderation of all the interested powers, and calculated to insure the equilibrium and permanent tranquillity of Europe. The step by which H. M. invited at the same time the principal courts interested to renew the interrupted negotiations, which his interposition has just experienced from H. M. the emperor of the French, does not make him averse to renewing it.
He has been more successful with the emperor Alexander. This monarch who fills a distinguished place in the Cabinets of the European powers, whose equilibrium and general welfare, are the objects of his constant cares, displays in the annexed reply which he has just caused to be delivered to H. M. an equal desire for the conclusion of an equitable and moderate arrangement. He is equally convinced of the necessity of an eventual armament, and believes himself obliged in consequence of the encroachments already spoken of, in order to contest the right and consequence of his intervention, to send forward a part of his troops, in order to secure to this intervention all the weight and efficaciousness of so great a power.
In order completely to prove the rectitude of the intentions of the two imperial courts of Austria and Russia, it is here solemnly declared in the name of both: that they are ready to negotiate with the court of France for the maintenance of the continental peace, on the most moderate terms compatible with the general repose and security.
That, whatever be the issue of the negotiation, and should war inevitably break out, they mutually engage to abstain from all enterprises, which might tend to interfere in the internal affairs of France.
To alter the state of possession and the relations now legally established in the Germanic Empire; or in the least to injure the rights and interests of the Ottoman Porte, whose possessions and integrity they are on the contrary ready to defend, as far as it depends on them.
Finally that Great-Britain has caused them to be informed that her sentiments are perfectly analogous to theirs.
And dispositions equally moderate for the re-establishment of peace with France.
His majesty hopes that the frank and sincere explanations, into which he has just entered, will be found calculated to remove the doubts which may exist in the mind of H. M. the Emperor Napoleon, concerning the intentions and motives which animate him; and all his wishes will be fulfilled, if these explanations can contribute to prevent misfortunes which it does not depend on him to spare to humanity.
(To be continued.)
NEW-YORK, November 18.
The ship Swift, captain Murphy, arrived yesterday morning at Sandy Hook, in 40 days from Bordeaux.
To the proprietors of a passenger, who reached town in a pilot boat, the Editor of the Mercantile Advertiser is indebted for a regular file of Paris papers to the 28th of September, and of Bordeaux papers to the 2d October, inclusive, from which we have translated many very interesting articles, and shall continue our selections for to-morrow.
We have in our possession the counter-declaration of the Emperor of Germany, and the manifesto of Russia, on the subject of the dispute with France, which it appears has terminated in the actual commencement of hostilities on the part of Germany, without any formal declaration of war.
We shall give these important state papers in due course.
Translated for the Mercantile Advertiser.
PRUSSIA.
BERLIN, September 10.
By virtue of an order issuing from his majesty, 100,000 men have been directed to hold themselves in readiness to march.
A grand council of state was held here the day before yesterday, at which all the ministers and the principal generals attended. For several days past Couriers have been dispatched to St. Petersburg and Vienna.
The minister of state and of the Cabinet, Count de Hatzfeldt, is arrived in this capital. It is believed he will be sent to Paris.
September 11.
An Hessian army, to the number of more than 25,000, is assembled on the frontiers of the electorate of Hanover. We remark that there is a good understanding between them and the French.
A German journal, of high repute, affirms, that in case of war, four great electoral courts have determined to put all their forces and all their resources at the disposal of France and Prussia.
RUSSIA.
Frontiers of Russia, 28th August.
From the 30th July to the 12th August 40 vessels of different nations arrived in the port of Cronstadt, laden chiefly with foreign merchandise. In the same time, 142 vessels cleared out from that port, laden with territorial productions or articles manufactured in Russia. Of these 81 were English and 12 Americans.
St. Petersburg, August 28.
The troops of our garrison, and the heroic and foot guards, making in the whole about ten thousand men, marched from this city on the 23d instant. There remain here three battalions of foot guards for the service of the winter palace and other public edifices.
The present situation of affairs, and above all the recent departure of the troops, have influenced the course of exchange. The ducat of Holland, valued at 3 roubles 80 cop. is risen to 4 roubles 50 cop. and the silver rouble has risen from 25 cop. to 25.
We are assured that the emperor will depart for Wilna about the 26th September.
Thirty thousand men embarked here for Revel this day, in consequence of the treaty entered into with Sweden. This body, under the order of lieutenant-general Tottleff, is destined, they say, for Swedish Pomerania; but well-informed politicians think that the king of Prussia will never consent to it.
GERMANY.
Hamburg, Sept. 12.
They write from Copenhagen, under date of the 7th, "The Russian squadron which is expected here has not yet arrived, by which it is presumed it has taken another direction."
His majesty the King of Prussia is now causing to be built on the Spree, a new float which will be 300 feet in length, 100 in breadth, and six stories high. It will contain a quantity of grain sufficient to provide for the whole capital during three years.
According to the latest accounts from Russia, the merchant vessels which had been freighted at Riga, by order of the government, for the transportation of troops, have been dismissed, on account of its being almost impossible, in the present season, to attempt any grand expedition by sending these vessels through the Baltic.
September 14.
M. de Knobelsdorff, major-general in the service of Prussia, arrived at Hanover in the night of the 9th instant, and the following morning had a conference with Marshal Bernadotte at Herreuhausen.
Sutgard, Sept. 15.
With the intelligence of the march of the Russian troops, we have received the following news in letters from Lemberg in Galicia, dated the 25th of August:
"Generals Strauch and Whyrott have been successively sent here by the court of Vienna to direct the march of the Russians. Their army is divided into two bodies, one of which takes its route through our city by eastern Galicia, and the other by the northern, towards Lublin and Cracovia; the last body has not yet entered Galicia. The first arrived on the 20th of August, at Brody; it marches in six columns. It is confirmed that a third body of Russian troops are actually concentrated at Wilna, in Lithuania, and is to be followed by several others. The court of Berlin having refused a passage through its states, the corps of the army of Wilna will continue its route through Galicia."
September 16.
The Austrians have already taken possession of a great part of Bavaria. All the country situated between the Inn and the Isar is over run with their troops. General Klenau, who commands the corps of the army which passed the Inn on the 8th September, is about to transfer his head quarters to Munich. The principal cities near the Danube or on the borders of the river, between Straubing, Passau, Landshut, Vilsdorf, and other places, have already an Austrian garrison.
Hanover, Sept. 10.
There has been published on the 8th inst. an arrete of the executive commission, to the following purport:
"By virtue of an order of the Marshal of the Empire, the exportation of horses out of the country is prohibited until it shall otherwise be ordered."
The whole French army is at present concentrated in the environs of Hanover, but its future destination is still unknown. The garrison of Harburg has been reinforced within a few days. Marshal Bernadotte arrived at Göttingen on the 7th inst. to review the troops lately cantoned in that principality.
Vienna, Sept. 9.
His Imperial and Royal Highnesses the Archduke John, sets out this day for Insbruck to preside in the name of his Majesty, over a Diet which is to be held in Tyrol, and at which business relative to the present situation of affairs is to be discussed.
Upon the first news of the approach of the Russian troops to the Austrian territory, the French Ambassador dispatched a courier to Paris. Meanwhile that minister does not yet make any preparations which indicate a speedy departure.
The Austrians were to enter Augsburg yesterday. Their project is to advance through Swabia on the rear of La Forest Noire, and to occupy the positions which lead to the Val-du-Rhin.
Frankfort, Sept. 11.
Our last letters are of the 3d September; they give the news that on the 3d a general order of the day announced to the army that the new commanders of the troops have been officially nominated. It is therein said, that the Emperor will repair in person to the army, having under him Gen. Mack & the Count de Greneville. His Majesty will set off for Lintz on the 3d September. On the same day the Archduke and the other Generals are to repair to the armies in which they are employed. The Archduke Charles is appointed Commander in Chief of the Austrian army in Italy and in the Tyrol.
The Archduke John, his brother as his assistant in the command, and Baron de Zach is to perform the functions of chief of the General Staff, a post which he has already occupied in the army of General Melas, under whom he served in the battle of Marengo, where he was taken prisoner; the General Baron de Muffenbourg is also to have a superior post in the army of the Tyrol, under the orders of the Archduke Charles.
The chief command of the army in upper Austria is given to the Archduke Ferdinand, the son of the present Sovereign of Brisgau and of the Artenau, cousin German to the Emperor. General Mayer is chief of the staff of his army.
During the absence of the Emperor, the Elector of Salzburg, his brother is charged with the direction of business.
Sept. 14.—Letters from Vienna announce, that a part of the baggage of his Majesty the
Emperor and of their Imperial and Royal Highnesses the Arch Dukes, is already sent off to the army. The Monarch will first repair to the camp of Wels.
Augsbourg, Sept. 20.
The deputation from the Senate, which had been sent to Munich, the Austrian head quarters, is returned, and reports the pleasing intelligence that the neutrality of our city established by solemn treaties, will be respected by the French emperor. Posts were this day erected on the frontiers of our little territory, bearing this inscription: "Neutral territory of chief imperial city of Augsburg."
Fribourg in Brisgau, Sept. 16.
On the 7th inst. the Austrians crossed the Inn at Burghausen.—One column took the road to Mulhdorf, and directed its march towards Landshut, where it arrived on the 10th. No intelligence has yet been received of its further progress; but it is conjectured that it will march, or has already marched towards Ingolstadt, thence to proceed to Donawert, where it will take post.
The other column marched by the way of Wallerburg towards Munich. It is thought that its intention is to take the positions of Lahnberg and Fribourg, upon the Lech, positions which it occupied in the last war.
This army, designated, until its entrance into Bavaria, under the name of Army of the camp of Wels, and which appears to have now taken that of Army of the Rhine, will be commanded by the Arch Duke Ferdinand, having under his orders the Quarter Master-General Mayer; but no other Commander in Chief directs it at this moment, and each column makes its movements according to particular orders. Its force appears to be between 45 and 50 thousand men.
Another body of troops of about 20,000 men making a part of the army of Tyrol, is now at Bregenz, under the command of General Hauzenberg, having under him the Generals Rohan and Aspremont. This body, hitherto inactive, has just made a movement; two thousand of the advanced guard have marched towards Ravensburg in Swabia; other corps are following them and are marching towards Ulm, under the orders of General Wrade; but the Austrians misfired their blow, and General Wrade was able to retreat towards Franconia, and form his junction with the other Bavarian troops which are already assembled there, or on their march thither, and which will then form an army of 40 or 50 thousand men.
SWITZERLAND.
Basel, Sept. 12.
We really believe in this country that it will be very difficult for the Helvetic confederation to maintain its neutrality in the new continental war which is about commencing.
The greatest activity prevails in all the cantons for raising the quota of men destined to protect the armed neutrality and to occupy the frontiers. The grand councils of most of the cantons have been convoked to deliberate on the circular letter of the landamman relative to this object, and to determine the number of troops of which it shall be composed. The landamman has given orders to draw the exact limits of Switzerland by the establishment of posts throughout all the country of the Grisons, from whence he will issue small detachments to the frontiers of Tyrol, Vorarlberg, and Italy.
FRANCE.
Paris, September 21.
The official journal of this day announces that the Emperor of Germany, without any previous negotiation or explanation, and without a declaration of war, has invaded Bavaria. The elector has retired to Wurtzbourg, where the whole of the Bavarian army is assembled.
September 24.
Cardinal Fesch, our minister plenipotentiary at Rome, has presented to the Holy Father, in the name of his imperial and royal majesty, eight magnificent pieces of tapestry representing scenes from the new Testament, two superb carpets of exquisite workmanship, two chandeliers of the greatest beauty, and a service of plate for the table.
September 26.
Marshal Massena, general in chief of the army of Italy, arrived on the 10th Brumador at the head quarters of Villa France; the day following he visited the fortifications of Mantua, and in the evening departed for Valleggio, where he will establish his head quarters.
General Jourdon passed lately through Lyons without stopping, on his way from Italy to Paris.
September 27.
IMPERIAL DEGREE.
St. Cloud, 3d Complementary day, year 15.
We, Napoleon, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, have decreed and do decree what follows:
TITLE I.—ART. 1. There shall be formed three bodies of an army of reserve, the first shall have its head quarters at Boulogne, and shall be commanded by Marshal Brune; it shall extend from the Somme to the Scheld, and shall comprise the departments of the Somme, of the Pas-de-Calais, of the Nord and of the Lys.—The second shall assemble at Mayence and shall be commanded by the Senator Marshal Lefebvre; it shall comprise the departments of the 25th and 26th military divisions; the third shall unite at Strasbourg and shall be commanded by the Senator Marshal Kellerman; it shall comprise the departments of the 2d and 6th military divisions. II. All the corps destined to make a part of these three bodies of reserve shall be carried to the complement of war, by means of the reserve.
TITLE II.—III. There shall be formed at Rennes a flying camp of Grenadiers, under the orders of the General Brigade Boyer.—There shall be formed a second flying camp of Grenadiers at the town of Naours, under the orders of a general of Brigade.—There shall be formed a third flying camp of Grenadiers at Alexandria, department of Marengo, under the orders of a General of Brigade.—IV. There shall be attached to each of these bodies a division of light horse artillery.—V. These bodies are destined to march wherever their presence shall be necessary.—VI. The minister of war is charged with the execution of the present decree.
(Signed) NAPOLEON.
By the Emperor,
The Secretary of State, signed H. B. Maret.
An imperial decree orders that there shall be formed a corps of Horse Velites of 900 men, to be composed of conscripts of the three last years, to be of the size of six for each department, to be taken from among those who shall offer themselves voluntarily; or in default of such, to be designated by the Prefect. The Velites must be of strong constitutions and must have of their own, or from their relations, a secure revenue of 300 francs a year.
H. M. The Emperor and King set off for the army on Tuesday last.
The Empress set off with the Emperor, and is to be followed by M. Talleyrand the minister for foreign affairs.
[A Paris paper of the 28th September contains a very lengthy Exposition of the reciprocal conduct of France and Austria, from the peace of Lunéville, read by the minister of Foreign Affairs in the Senate on the 2d of September. The subsequent remarks close this exposition:]
"After such an act on the part of the court of Vienna, the Emperor could have nothing more to ask of it. It became evident that even that congress, proceeded with such an imperious tone, and with views so visibly hostile to France, was only a new snare laid for her faith; that Austria irrevocably decided upon war, would not return to pacific ideas, and that she was even no longer free to return to them. The exchange of all places evidently proved that a part of the sums granted to the English ministry, to serve their ends upon the continent, were arrived at its
destination, and the power which had just trafficked with her alliance, could no longer spare the blood of her subjects, the price of which she had just received."
"All further explanation with the court of Vienna, being thus become impossible; the way of arms is henceforward the only one compatible with honour."
"Let England applaud herself upon having, at length found allies; let her rejoice that blood is about to flow upon the continent; let her flatter herself that her own will be spared; let her hope to find her safety in the discord of other states, her joy will be of short duration, her hopes will be vain, and the day is not far distant when the rights of nations will be at length avenged."
"The Emperor, obliged to repel an unjust aggression, which he has in vain endeavoured to prevent, has been constrained to suspend the execution of his first designs. He has withdrawn from the shores of the Ocean those old bands so often victorious, and he marches at their head. He will not lay down his arms before he has obtained full and entire satisfaction; and complete security both for his own states and those of his allies."
The Emperor's speech in the Senate.
Senators—"In the present circumstances of Europe, I feel the necessity of appearing in the midst of you, and of making known to you my sentiments."
"I am about to quit my capital to put myself at the head of my army, to carry a speedy succour to my allies and to defend the dearest interests of my people."
"The wishes of the eternal enemies of the continent are accomplished: war has begun in the heart of Germany. Austria and Russia have united with England; and our generation is drawn into all the calamities of war. A few days ago, I still hoped that peace would not be disturbed; menaces and outrages found me impassible; but the Austrian army has crossed the Inn, Munich is invaded, the Elector of Bavaria is driven out of his capital; all my hopes are vanished."
"It is at this instant that the wickedness of the enemies of the continent has unveiled itself. They were yet apprehensive of the manifestation of my profound love of peace; they were apprehensive lest Austria, at the light of the abyss which they had dug under her footsteps should return to sentiments of justice and moderation; they have hurried her into war. I am grieved at the blood it will cost Europe; but the French name will obtain a new lustre from it."
"Senators, when at your desire, at the voice of the whole French people, I set the Imperial crown upon my head, I received from you, from every citizen, the engagement to maintain it pure and unspotted. My people have given me in every circumstance proofs of their confidence and their love. They will fly under the colours of the emperor and of his army, which in a few days will have passed the frontiers."
"Magistrates, Soldiers, and Citizens, all with to maintain the country free from the influence of England, who, if the prevailed, would grant us only a peace surrounded with ignominy and shame, and the principal conditions of which would be the burning of our fleets, the filling up our ports, and the annihilation of our industry."
"All the promises I have made to the French people, I have kept. The French people, in their turn, have taken no engagement with me that they have not surpassed. In this circumstance so important for their glory and mine, they will continue to merit that name of Great People with which I saluted them in the midst of the fields of battle."
"Frenchmen, your Emperor will do his duty, my soldiers will do theirs, you will do yours."
Straubing, September 23.
Yesterday the fine body of grenadiers of the army arrived here, and was billeted on the citizens. To day it was reviewed by Prince Murat and the other generals now here. They say it is to be under the orders of General Lefebvre. Our neighborhood is filled with an immense quantity of troops, both infantry and cavalry.
The Enquirer. RICHMOND, 26th NOVEMBER.
COMMUNICATION.
You have nominated several gentlemen in the Enquirer, as eligible characters to fill the office of Chief Magistrate in this Commonwealth. For this you have been censured by some, while others, with more propriety, in my opinion, justify this method of calling the public attention to persons less aspiring than those who offer their services, tho' not less meritorious. I am persuaded, that if the professions of candidates could be freely, fairly and liberally investigated previously to all elections, it would prove eminently beneficial to the community. For many years I have been in public life, and have frequently been an eye witness to the ill-use of elections. I have sometimes had the mortification to see the most estimable and deserving characters thrown out, in consequence of a well-timed misrepresentation, judiciously reserved for a moment too late to be refuted; while on the other hand, I have known a person elected with honor, as it is called, merely because he was the pet of some orator, more regardful of the elegance of his nomination than the justness of his panegyric.
It is not my wish to detract from the merits of any gentleman whose name has been presented to the public. My object in making this communication, is purely to discharge a duty which I owe to my convictions. With this preface I shall mention two persons, either of whom highly merit the confidence and patronage of their countrymen.
Doctor William Foushee.—If republicans are disposed to recollect a friend whose adoption they have tried: if they are desirous of a Governor, gifted with sound and useful talents, who unites in himself activity, integrity, and almost every quality which fits an executive officer—this is the man. Many probationary years have tested Doctor Foushee's principles. While some stout hearts wavered, and voices were raised against that political system to which the American people now so firmly adhere, this gentleman preferred his faith, and never shrunk from his duty: his firm and honourable character formed a Telamonian shield, against which the shafts of party rancour spent their force in vain.
Some have objected to the manners of Dr. Foushee: others have blamed his ardour in the support of his opinions. Manners, my fellow-citizens, are much more useful to those who have attained to some degree of elegance, than they are either to you or myself. In society, a captivating exterior, is a sort of counterfeit coin, for which a consideration too valuable is sometimes given—a suffrage, perhaps, for a smile. If Doctor Foushee betrays some degree of tenacity in public debate, it is an objection which may be urged against every man influenced by honest ardour. Independence ought not to blast a republican. In all cases where this gentleman has been tenacious of his opinions, he knew that his interest called for a temper more subservient; and shall this prominent feature of republican honesty lessen him in the esteem of a Virginian legislature?—No, no—it cannot.
Richard Brent.—Gentlemen who have been members of the General Assembly since 1794, may form a correct opinion of his qualifications. A due attention to jurisprudence, did not lessen his taste for polite learning, nor limit his ideas to that particular science. To a mind amply stored with useful acquirements, he unites an easy and elegance of expression, acquired by early habits of forensic debate.—Plain and un-
affected in his style, he still preserves an elevation of sentiment, which commands attention while it charms and instructs his audience.—From his youth he has been distinguished for an ardent love of liberty, and for a fame as spotless as the unspotted fowls. Through the ordeal of repeated canvassings, where party rancour was stimulated to a pitch of barbarous licentiousness, has this gentleman passed. In such a state of society, it ought to have been urged against him in truth—nay, if falsehood could have gained a single proselyte, instruments were not wanting to substantiate the one, or propagate the other.—Yet has Mr. Brent carried into retirement the affections of his old friends, and the respect and esteem of his political adversaries.
Such, my fellow-citizens, are the men of whom I have thought proper to speak. If better shall be found, no man will have greater cause to rejoice than myself—my national pride will be supremely gratified.
By an arrival at New-York, and another at Norfolk, we have Paris dates to the 30th of September, and Bordeaux, to the 5th of October.—We have detailed the news in this day's Enquirer, as we have received it by the Papers. This has filled our columns, and excluded some domestic articles of not much importance.
A summary is given in the Norfolk Ledger, from which it is evident, that a continental war is not far distant.—We take the following extract from that paper. It announces a note of some consequence, which we shall offer to our readers as soon as possible.
"The French government has published the note of the Austrian government reciting all the causes of discontent on the part of the latter government.—This very important state paper, together with the comment, we shall give in our next; its great length rendering it impossible to be prepared for this day's paper. We shall not attempt to anticipate our readers by any sketch of this note, but solicit their patience until our next. To this note is annexed the note of the Russian ambassador at Vienna, which declares that the emperor of Russia, "is anxious to renew the negotiations for peace, when a similar disposition shall be manifested by the French government, but that in the meantime two Russian armies of 50,000 each are to advance through Galicia towards the Danube."
The absence of the Editor during the last and the present publication has prevented the usual supply of original matter. The few paragraphs which have appeared under the Editorial head, are from the pen of a very intelligent and valuable friend.
The delinquent subscribers to the Enquirer are requested to transmit their respective balances by the members of Assembly, who will confer an obligation on the Editor by taking charge of them.
Married, on Thursday the 14th inst. Mr. ELISHA MEREDITH, of Hanover County, to the amiable and accomplished Miss SALLY B. CABELL, of Buckingham County.
Erratum in the report of Judge Fleming's opinion, in the case of Marshall vs Conrad, in the Enquirer of Friday last.
First column, line 69, instead of 1778, it should have been 1779.
Line 87, instead of Knight Duplessis, it should have been Knight vs Duplessis.
Column 2d line 28, instead of Thomas D. Fairfax, it should have been Thomas L. Fairfax.
Line 78, after the word bench, the word "in" should have been inserted.
Line 81, the word "in" is superfluous.
Line 118, after the word in, at the beginning of the line, the word "the" should have followed.

JUDGE CARRINGTON'S OPINION.
Thomas Lord Fairfax was proprietor in fee of that tract of country called and known as the Northern Neck of Virginia...
Lord Fairfax's grants were for the same composition and the same reversion of a Fee rent, with a proviso...
It is agreed in the case, that Lord Fairfax caused to be laid off in lots, a certain tract of country, within the Northern Neck...
There were other kinds of grants, and of them were leases by the proprietor of lots in towns, and the present dispute is upon one of those leases...
It is agreed that Lord Fairfax died in the year 1781, seized and possessed as proprietor of the N. Neck of Virginia...
That on the 30th of August 1797, the appellant for a good and valuable consideration, by indorsement of that date...
The enquiry upon this point then, is what was meant and intended by the term quit-rents as referred...
The general understanding of the people of this country from the earliest times to the present day have been, that 2/ sterling referred in grants by the government of Virginia was a quit-rent ...
is used which was 1/ sterling for every 50 acres, in all conveyances and grants wherein he expected a quit-rent he so expressed himself...
But as this point has been much insisted upon by the appellee's counsel, I will here take a view of several acts of the Virginia legislature...
In October 1777, soon after our declaration of independence, was passed an act ch. rev. p. 61, f. 24...
2d. pt. Whether a right of entry for a condition broken by non-payment of rent, can be conveyed or transferred by deed or devise.
Lord Coke commenting on Lit. 214 to 215 states, that by the common law no such transfer could be made...
3d. pt. of objection is, that this is buying and selling a pretended title contrary to law, for that D. M. Fairfax was never in possession.
The 10th article of the case agreed, states that D. Fairfax by name D. M. Fairfax by virtue of that will aforesaid has become lawfully seized and possessed of the estate so devised...
4th. D. M. Fairfax was and is an alien incapable of taking for himself or granting the estate in question.
The case of Reid vs Reid lately determined in this court was not like the present, the descent there cast which founded the plaintiff's claim was on a British subject residing within that kingdom...
Of whatever opinion I might have been on the appeal from the judgment of the district court if the act of compromise had not taken place...
BENJAMIN STETSON,
INFORMS his friends and the public in general he has for sale, 400 gallons Holland's Linseed Oil, White Lead and Spanish Brown ground in Oil...
TO BE RENTED.
MY HOUSE and LOT, upon Shockoe-Hill, in an airy pleasant situation. For terms, apply to Mr. Samuel McCreary...
HUGH J. CRAWFORD, HAS just received per the ship Planter, Captain Boush, from London, his Fall supply of DRUGS & MEDICINES.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,
THAT the partnership between WILLIAM HART and CHARLES SOUTHGATE of this city, Grocers and Commission Merchants, was dissolved by mutual consent...
EDUCATION.
CHARLES SOUTHGATE RESPECTFULLY informs his friends, and others who may be interested in the event, that on Monday the 2d of December next...
EDUCATION. DURING the ensuing year J. Ogilvie will resume and pursue the professional instruction of youth in the town of Milton, Albemarle.
TO RENT, for a term of years,
A Part of my LOT immediately on the bank of the Canal, between the shop of Mr. Hughs and Mr. McCall's Nail Factory...
THE subscribers offer for sale, their reversionary right in a new fire-proof warehouse on Maxwell's wharf...
MERIWETHER JONES, BENJAMIN F. READ,
BOLTING CLOTHS.
LAND—FOR SALE.
IN CHANCERY.
A NEW TAVERN.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
REMOVAL.
CITY OF RICHMOND.
PUBLIC SALE.
TO BE SOLD.
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.
WARDLAW,
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
THE HIGHEST PRICE (IN CASH) WILL BE GIVEN AT THIS OFFICE FOR CLEAN LINEN & COTTON RAGS.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE,
On a motion made and seconded, the Hall came to the following resolution: The Common Hall of the city of Richmond being willing and desirous of hearing any opinions that the inhabitants of the said city may think proper to express...
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,
THAT the partnership between WILLIAM HART and CHARLES SOUTHGATE of this city, Grocers and Commission Merchants, was dissolved by mutual consent...
EDUCATION.
CHARLES SOUTHGATE RESPECTFULLY informs his friends, and others who may be interested in the event, that on Monday the 2d of December next...
EDUCATION. DURING the ensuing year J. Ogilvie will resume and pursue the professional instruction of youth in the town of Milton, Albemarle.
TO RENT, for a term of years,
A Part of my LOT immediately on the bank of the Canal, between the shop of Mr. Hughs and Mr. McCall's Nail Factory...
THE subscribers offer for sale, their reversionary right in a new fire-proof warehouse on Maxwell's wharf...
MERIWETHER JONES, BENJAMIN F. READ,
BOLTING CLOTHS.
LAND—FOR SALE.
IN CHANCERY.
A NEW TAVERN.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
REMOVAL.
CITY OF RICHMOND.
PUBLIC SALE.
TO BE SOLD.
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.
WARDLAW,
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
THE HIGHEST PRICE (IN CASH) WILL BE GIVEN AT THIS OFFICE FOR CLEAN LINEN & COTTON RAGS.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE,
RUSSELL & WALLACE have removed to the store formerly occupied by Mr. Henry Hovey, where they have for sale a General Assortment of GROCERIES: viz—
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,
THAT the partnership between WILLIAM HART and CHARLES SOUTHGATE of this city, Grocers and Commission Merchants, was dissolved by mutual consent...
EDUCATION.
CHARLES SOUTHGATE RESPECTFULLY informs his friends, and others who may be interested in the event, that on Monday the 2d of December next...
EDUCATION. DURING the ensuing year J. Ogilvie will resume and pursue the professional instruction of youth in the town of Milton, Albemarle.
TO RENT, for a term of years,
A Part of my LOT immediately on the bank of the Canal, between the shop of Mr. Hughs and Mr. McCall's Nail Factory...
THE subscribers offer for sale, their reversionary right in a new fire-proof warehouse on Maxwell's wharf...
MERIWETHER JONES, BENJAMIN F. READ,
BOLTING CLOTHS.
LAND—FOR SALE.
IN CHANCERY.
A NEW TAVERN.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.
REMOVAL.
CITY OF RICHMOND.
PUBLIC SALE.
TO BE SOLD.
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.
WARDLAW,
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
THE HIGHEST PRICE (IN CASH) WILL BE GIVEN AT THIS OFFICE FOR CLEAN LINEN & COTTON RAGS.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE,
With Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the foot. A—the length of the Boot. C—round the Calf. B—the pitch of ditto. D—round the heel and instep. E—round the instep. G—across the ball of the foot. F—the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—let down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures.