The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-07-04 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
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NUMBER 17.]
WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 4, 1804.
[VOLUME 1.]
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ACADEMICAL EXHIBITION.
ON the 4th of July, seven of J. OGILVIE's senior pupils, will pronounce original orations in the Capitol, for the purpose of exhibiting a specimen of their proficiency in those branches of literature and science, in the study of which they are at present engaged.
 1.—LINN BANKS will deliver an oration, on an interesting principle in political economy.  2.—WILLIAM POPE, on the comparative advantages and attractions of History and moral fiction.  3.—CHARLES HILL, on the prospects of society in the United States.  4.—WILLIAM ROANE, on the connexion betwixt chemistry and agriculture.  5.—RICHARD ELLIS, on the utility of periodical essays.  6.—THOMAS JONES, on Happiness.  7.—EDWARD GOODWIN, on Education.  The parents of the young persons whose education is submitted to J. OGILVIE's superintendence, and the citizens of Richmond generally, are respectfully invited to visit the Capitol on this occasion. P.S. The exhibition will commence at ten o'clock in the forenoon. June 30.
Foreign Intelligence.
Continuation of News by the armed ship Pitt, arrived at New-York, (London dates to the 20th April.)
LONDON, April 20.
PARIS INTELLIGENCE.
Several persons, including two American ladies, and English gentlemen, arrived on Saturday from the Continent. Some of them left Paris, subsequent to the execution of the Duke of Enghien. According to their report, that unfortunate Prince requested three favours after his condemnation. One was, that he might be attended by a Priest, which was refused; the second, that a lock of his hair might be sent to a person whom he should name, which was granted; and, thirdly, that he might be allowed to give the word of command to the soldiers who were to shoot him, which was refused. As we have already stated, he was shot by a party of Italian Guards.—The consternation which this bloody deed has excited abroad, is nothing in comparison with that which it has produced in Paris. The reign of terror was never so potent and universal. None but spies are safe; and consequently every man, to avoid denunciation, is obliged to become a spy. The most intimate friends are afraid to speak to each other; all is terror, silence, and suspicion.  A private letter from Paris of the 2d, adds, our prisons are now so crowded with civil prisoners, that several hotels of Emigrants, that served during Robespierre's reign as houses of arrest, are again employed for the same use. Among other tyrannical proceedings, the police agents arrested yesterday every person dressed in mourning, walking in the streets; and I have heard this day, from a Senator, that every one in mourning, who cannot prove that it is for some near relative, is to be transported. Last Friday, Chevalier De Bourdant and his family were carried under escort from this city to the Rhine, and are prohibited, under pain of death, to return to France. Their crime was the supposed mourning for the Duke of Enghien. Notwithstanding these cruel acts of despotism, I can assure you the mourning has increased, particularly among the ladies, who, you know, have at all times during the revolution shown most character and courage. I have just left the Thuillier Garden, and the Elysian Fields; these two beautiful walks were crowded with females, & of five hundred, I am sure not fifty were dressed otherwise than in black, or with some ribbon or cravat on their bonnets, &c. indicative of mourning, though they all knew what happened yesterday, and that two milliners of the Palais Royal were in prison for selling mourning fans, on which were painted an altar, containing the busts of Louis XVI. and of the Duke of Enghien, with small portraits of Robespierre and Bonaparte visible, with the motto Fraternité . These fans which originally sold for half a crown, now bring a louis d'or, and are to be had, though the police is upon the continual lookout to prevent it. All letters sealed with black sealing wax or wafers, have been stopped, and caused many inconveniences both here and in the provinces.  Bonaparte is yet at Malmaison, guarded by his Italians and by his Mamelukes; but every hour, night and day, reports are sent to him respecting the tranquillity of this city in which great discontent prevails, particularly in the suburbs St. Antoine, and St. Marceau.  From the Hamburg Correspondent of the 10th and 11th of April.  PARIS, March 29. The senate on the 28th voted an address to the first consul, to entreat him, as it was reported, to take such measures with respect to the future immutability of the government, as may promote the general welfare. The first consul came to Paris to receive this address, which the senate carried up in a body.
We are assured that the first consul will, in consequence of the wish expressed by the senate, assume a higher dignity, which will be made hereditary. The senate has likewise, it is said, requested that a new national court of justice be formed for the trial of offences against the safety of the nation and its head. It will, however, only have jurisdiction in case of future crimes, and not with respect to the late conspiracy.
ZURICH, March 23.
Scarcely had the commotion, occasioned by the address of the towns of Andelfingen, Olin-gen, &c. against the taking of tithes and quit-rents been settled, when another disturbance more alarming broke out in the towns of Widenenschwyl, Richerenschwyl, Schönenberg, and Hutten. The 16th instant was fixed on in those places, for taking the oath of fidelity to Switzerland, the canton and the constituted authorities. A very numerous assembly of the citizens of those towns, took place at the appointed time, at the church of Wadenenschwyl. The councillors Usteri and Herzog, representatives of government, having opened the meeting by a suitable address, and the form of the oath being read, a very violent tumult immediately ensued, in which loud and reiterated cries of "No,—we will not take that oath, we will swear by the act of mediation—the constitution of '93, give us the liberty purchased Tell and Winkel-red—Liberty, Equality" were heard from different parts of the church. All the efforts that were made to restore order and tranquillity were ineffectual and at length the deputies were obliged to retire from the meeting.
Government have ordered out troops to quell this disturbance and bring the revolvers to obedience.
BERNE, March 23.
The insurrection that has broken out in the communes on the western bank of the lake of Zurich, has extended itself to the other bank and assumed a still more serious aspect. The deputies sent to Meilen and Steiffen, to administer the oath of fidelity to government, have been insulted and maltreated. It is said that the flame is still spreading to the neighboring communes.
The Landamman, from whom the Government of Zurich, has demanded succour, has ordered the troops furnished by the five cantons to march, and intends to use the most energetic measures against the revolted communes. The insurrection is attributed to the machinations and intrigues of strangers, and especially to some of the brigands belonging to Georges' party, who have escaped from France into Switzerland.
March 29.
The insurgents of the village of Wadenenschwyl and Georgen, put themselves in a state of effective defence, and as a preparatory measure, have burned the cattle of Wadenenschwyl. A courier has just arrived, who informs, that one of the divisions of the confederate army has attacked in three points this association of rebels, and that they have routed them after a feeble resistance; one column entered the village of Georgen the 28th and another pursued the fugitives in the valleys and on the heights.
BREST.
At a time when the public attention is much occupied with the situation of the British fleet off Brest, and the perseverance which Admiral CORNWALLIS has displayed in retaining that station, the following details may not be uninteresting to our readers:
The road of Brest is a considerable basin, which communicates with the ocean only by one narrow passage called the Goulet. The tides, which here rise high, render the current in this passage extremely rapid at ebb and flood; and when the wind and tide are both against a vessel, it is scarcely possible to work through the strait, if it happen to blow fresh. The direction of the passage is nearly east and west. From whatever point the wind blows at sea, or on shore, the current of air on entering the Goulet assumes naturally the direction of that passage, and is consequently always either easterly or westerly: Thus ships have always the wind either abaft or ahead. With an easterly breeze, the passage out is not difficult even against the tide; but when the wind is westerly, it is impossible to work out, except when the current is in favour of the vessel. Two rocks, the Mingan and the Feuilletons, add to the difficulties of the navigation. The latter, which is always under water, must be carefully avoided. The Goulet does not open at once into the sea, but into a sort of Archipelago of scattered rocks, between which the tide runs with great rapidity in various directions. This greatly increases the danger of the passage with a contrary wind.
The Archipelago terminates to the north by the Ile of Ushant, and to the south by the Saints, which from three outlets. The first, between Ushant and the main land, is called Le Four; it is narrow, intersected by shelves, and the current is extremely violent. This is the shortest passage to the channel; but it can only be attempted in the day time, and with a favourable wind. The second outlet is that of the Saints, which is as difficult and dangerous as the former. The third, which is called L'Iroise, is large and spacious; it is the passage most frequented, there being in it only two or three rocks, which it is necessary to avoid with care.
LONDON, April 16.
The following letter gives some interesting details of the battle of the 23d September in which Scindia was defeated:
Campner Jussurabad, Sept. 24, 1803. I have to relate to you one of the most brilliant and bloody actions perhaps on record. On the 23d a junction was effected with Colonel Stevenson, and the two divisions the next morning moved in different directions to attack the enemy's combined force, which was to have taken place to-day. However, yesterday morning, as General Wellesley's division arrived on the ground, intelligence was received that the enemy were within five or six miles, and preparing to move off. In consequence of this intelligence, the General reconnoitred their camp, and determined to attack them without waiting for Colonel Stevenson to come up. The baggage was left behind under charge of Colonel Chamber's battalion. On approaching the enemy, it was found that the information the General had received was erroneous, and that the enemy were not only in full force, but occupied a most favourable & advantageous position—covered by nearly 150 pieces of artillery, with an army of about 40 thousand infantry, and 25 thousand cavalry.—To oppose this, we
had only about 1000 Europeans and 2800 native infantry, with four weak regiments of cavalry, and a few artillery—in all, not more than 5000 men. Still the General placing the most implicit confidence in the skill and bravery of his troops resolved not to let such an opportunity escape to bring on a decisive action. The army was accordingly formed in order of battle; the infantry and guns occupied the first line, and the cavalry the second. In this position we advanced upon the enemy, in defiance of the heaviest cannonade imaginable. But, as our line, particularly the right of it, who were ordered to attack the left wing of the enemy, approached the ranges of batteries, showers of grape and musketry swept away complete ranks; and taking advantage of this, the flower of their cavalry bore down and overwhelmed our infantry on the right. At this awful & critical moment the whole of our cavalry charged the advancing enemy with such rapidity and execution, that the whole gave way, and fell back in the utmost confusion. This decided the fate of the day, and gave time for the infantry to recover, and they immediately advanced to support the cavalry, when the enemy retreated in all directions, leaving us masters of the field of battle and 110 pieces of very fine cannon, equal in all respects, if not superior to our own. But we have to regret the loss of a great number of brave men; among them is Lieut. Colonel Maxwell, of the 4th Dragoons, who nobly fell in the act of charging the enemy's guns and infantry, along with capt. Mackay, capt. Boyle, and Lieut. Bouqui; also six more wounded—in all ten officers killed and wounded of the cavalry; and upwards of 160 men and 300 horses. You may form some idea of the heat of the action, when I inform you, that hardly a cavalry officer was not either killed or wounded himself, or had his horse shot under him. The artillery had four officers killed; they were cut down at their guns by Scindia's horse; and the infantry suffered immensely both in officers and men. In all, I think, there are 52 officers killed and wounded, and upwards of 2100 men. The General had two horses killed under him one with a cannon shot, & another with a pike, and one of his orderlies killed at his side. It is universally allowed to be one of the severest actions that ever happened in this or perhaps any other country; and when it is considered that the enemy were at least 75,000 strong, with 150 pieces of cannon, and every local advantage, it must at least be allowed that this detachment of not more than 5,000 men, have nobly upheld the fame and character of the British arms. To do the enemy justice, it must be admitted that the troops in general, but their infantry and artillery in particular, behaved in the most gallant manner, and fell in heaps under the swords of our cavalry, and bayonets of our infantry close to their guns. The 74th regiment at the beginning of the action were about 500 strong; only 88 of which and one subaltern, returned to camp unhurt. They have lost four captains & seven subalterns killed, and every other officer wounded, with the exception of Lieut. Moore. Colonel Wallace commanded a brigade, and captain Tolsey was a brigadier, in a staff situation, and fortunately both of them have escaped untouched."
April 18.
ANOTHER VICTORY IN INDIA.
An overland dispatch arrived yesterday at the India House. A private letter by this conveyance gives an interesting detail of another important battle, fought on the 28th of last November, which was followed by a complete victory, attended with very inconsiderable loss on our part. Though the general account is certainly very accurate, yet some confusion appears in the detail, which must be attributed to the writer.
Camp at Arcaon, Nov. 30, 1803.
"I will endeavor to give you a detailed account of a glorious battle fought yesterday. That you may judge of the propriety of the action, I must relate to you the circumstances which preceded it."
"It appears, that on the 23d inst. general Wellesley entered into an agreement with Scindia's vakeels, that there should be a cessation of arms between us and him: that is to say, after the space of ten days, which we allowed for Scindia to sign the treaty, and perform the articles of it, one of which was, that he should retire with his army 20 cosses east of Ellichpoor, and maintain that distance at all times between him and our armies here, and in Guzerat, &c. to prevent the possibility of the troops, mutually committing hostilities on one another. Six days only after the period prescribed were elapsed; but he had not in the least endeavored to perform that most essential part of his agreement, nor was it actually ratified; and he cannot have any excuse for saying he did not know of our advances, for he was very often written to and told to move away, as we were going again against the Bholia's troops, with whom he was then encamped."
"On the 28th a vakeel came from the Bholia's brother, but as he brought no credentials or powers, &c. no attention was paid to his advances. On the 29th, as we were marching, and about three miles after he had left our ground, a body of horse appeared, and with them another vakeel from Buma Baupoo, the Bholia's brother. The general met him very cordially, and listened to his proposals, which were as follows:"
"That he wished to treat with the general, and that as his and Scindia's armies were now near, he requested the general would return to the ground he had left on the Poonah river, and in that case, the armies of Scindia and the Rajah would retire five cosses to the N. Sd. to prevent hostilities."
"To this the general replied, 'that they knew of his advances, and he would not (with an enemy's army in front) move back an inch.' The vakeel then proposed, that he should halt at the next water about three miles forward: to which also he said, 'he should move forward to the ground he at first intended, and that the Bholia (being his own master) would remove or not, as he thought proper: but if he was near him, he would attack him:' he then told the vakeel, 'he should be very sorry that the most trifling accident should happen to him: to prevent which, he begged he would go to the rear, and remain with two people of ours, to protect him until we had taken up our ground, when he would admit him again.' With these proposals a letter came from Scindia, and the same forms were gone through with colonel Stevenson, who replied, 'that he should march on, and if they were near him, would attack them: he
advised them, however, to retire.' At half past eleven we arrived at Pantrebe, the place where it was first intended we should halt, when we found the Bholia's advance, who left it early that morning, and joined his army, then laying five miles off, on a very extensive plain.—From the tower of the village, their whole line was observed, but not moving off, except their baggage. At this time we were joined by colonel Stevenson's army, and were then taking ground for our encampments, when several parties of the enemy's horse drove in our small detached parties of allies, and even advanced on the very ground we were laying out."
"Colonel Stevenson's party pitched their camp, as they had their baggage with them: but only four flags were pitched, as our tents, &c. were left in the rear, to enable us the better to engage, and to render them less liable to be attacked: general Wellesley also moved on his cavalry and infantry, so as to take up their ground, and in case of necessity, to fight. He also advanced the piquets on the road with their guns, and ordered them to fire on any body of horse that should come within their reach. The enemy's horse still parading near us, were fired on by both piquets and cavalry gallopers, and they retired to a greater distance, but still prevented our followers from foraging, &c. At about two o'clock the enemy's army remained in a line and entire, and were then within about three miles of the right of our line, which determined the general to move on towards them, still hoping they would move off. He, however, ordered colonel Stevenson's troops to join him, and proceeded towards the enemy. At about a quarter past four o'clock, the cavalry and advanced guard of our army were at the village of Surfolia, one mile and a quarter from the enemy's line, which at that distance had a most formidable appearance. It was on a plain upwards of three miles in length, and of great depth, having guns at intervals."
"At four o'clock, while all our troops were in column, and before they had advanced beyond the village, the enemy's guns opened upon us with quick and well-directed fire, which occasioned (very shortly) almost all our loss, by their guns being almost all laid for the road near Surfolia. The troops were soon moved round under cover of the village. As our line displayed; their cannonade, their fire became less destructive; and the moment the line was formed, the orders for advancing were given, and the whole of our troops advanced with great regularity, with guns, &c. and very shortly the enemy gave way in all directions. At this time the British cavalry advanced, charged the large body of the Bholia's, and dispersed them. A great slaughter ensued. Our cavalry pursued the fugitives until night made it necessary to call them back: they, however, possessed themselves of many elephants, camels, horses, arms, and baggage: and about ten o'clock, by moonlight, the troops marched to their line at Patrulex, having marched 25 miles in that day. A body of about 1000 Muffulmen, under command of a Persian, attached to the Bholia's guns, under Beeny Snie, stood most nobly, even advanced on our line, which luckily, opposite to them, was formed of the remains of the 74th regiment, and the left of the 78th regiment, who had their revenge for Affaye, by closing with them and putting them all to the bayonet. In one spot, about 100 yards square, I saw upwards of 500 dead bodies. The enemy left about 1000 dead on the field—and I have not the least doubt there must have been upwards of 3,000 killed and wounded. Of these, I believe, Scindia did not lose a man, nor is it well ascertained that he engaged. Our loss is very inconsiderable, not above 50 killed and 300 wounded, many of them very slightly."
"The vakeel of the Bholia's first mentioned as not being received, arrived and had an interview with the General last night, as he had brought his credentials, &c. &c. in form from Rhangoojee Bholia himself. He is now a vakeel sent after the action as I at first supposed. The man who met us on the road has not yet visited the General."
"An elephant driver who had his arm broke, and was taken with a howdered elephant, declares, that the elephant, during the battle, carried the son of Rangojee Bholia, who was severely wounded in the action, and was taken out of the howder and mounted on a horse: and that he believes he was among numbers afterwards slain by the cavalry. The howder appears evidently to have been broken by a cannon shot. Many other great Bera men have fallen on the 28th. We shall move on to Guaul Shur soon; and it is confidently asserted that the Rajah is in very great alarm for the safety of that place, and anxious to prevent us going near it."
"N. B. No Officers killed, and only four or five wounded, but only one badly."
"It is a curious and most honorable fact, that after the rest of our fleet were blown off Brest by the tremendous gale of the 25th ult. that the harbour of Brest was blockaded for 48 hours by a single British 74. The Plantagenet, captain De Courcy, was forced by the form of the 25th to take shelter in Penzance Bay; but as soon as the weather moderated, he returned to his station off Brest, where he was found by the rest of the fleet upon their return."
IRISH LOAN.—A London paper of April 16, says, "Mr. Corry takes the supply for Ireland at 6 millions, of which he proposes raising there 1,250,000. Irish, provided the price bid be under the rate in the sealed up paper of government; otherwise he means to raise it at London; the payments to be as follows; and the interest the 25th of March last, in a 5 per cent stock:
   1804. Per Cent. £.     19 April, past deposit 5 62,000   1 May, remaining do. 5 62,000   28 May, 1st payment 10 125,000   23 June, 2d 15 187,500   21 July, 3d 15 187,500   21 August, 4th 10 125,000   24 September, 5th 10 125,000   24 October, 6th 10 125,000   24 November, 7th 10 125,000   22 December, 8th 10 125,000   100 £. 1,250,000  
The discount to be on the whole of the payments from the day of paying up.
The bidding for the Irish loan was to take place on the 12th April, and that for the English loan on the 26th.
BOSTON, June 20.
Capt. Patterson arrived here yesterday, from Amsterdam, which he left the 25th April. From
him, we have received the "Amsterdam Courant," a Dutch paper, to the 17th April.
In these papers we find the following article, copied from the Paris Moniteur. "Munich, April 2. We had reason to expect, that Mr. Drake, the British envoy, would have refuted the charges alleged against him. But he has taken another method—he has... the Baron Von Montgelas, that sixteen gens d'armes had been sent off expressly from Strasburg to arrest him—and requested that the Baron would inform his court, that measures might be taken to prevent his arrest. But no answer having been given, for several hours after Mr. Drake expected one; and the gens d'armes having arrived at their last change of horses, he sat out on foot, in disguise, having changed his clothes several times in the distance of three miles. "In this manner," adds the Moniteur, "he left his residence like the chief of a band of assassins."
The emperor of Germany has ordered, that no French emigrant shall reside within 50 miles of the French republic.
Under the Genoa head of the 28th March, we find a correct account of the destruction of the Philadelphia frigate, in the harbour of Tripoli. The account adds, "It seems commodore Preble will try his utmost against these barbarians."
The trial of those implicated in the conspiracy at Paris was to commence the 5th of May. The council assigned are Moreau Chauveau, Lagarde and Lamelle.
Capt. Patterson informs that the invasion of Great Britain had not been attempted; though the preparations continued in vigor, and the public expectation of the event increased daily.
FROM FRANCE.
Capt. Wilds arrived here yesterday from Rochefort (France) after a passage of 56 days. He reports, that the construction of gun-boats and craft had ceased, and the attention of the French appeared directed to the building of men of war. Two 74's had been launched at Rochefort and a ship of 100 guns put up previous to capt. W's sailing. Five fall of the line and two frigates lay in Rochefort roads, ready manned and equipped, and an embargo was daily expected. Capt. W. brought no papers.
The English have a squadron of ships of war and frigates off Rochefort.
Dispatches have been received from Admiral Sir James Saumarez, at Guernsey. We understand that the enemy on the opposite coast had made no attempt, or any movement indicating an intention to put to sea. The islands of Guernsey and Jersey are in the most complete state of defence; and our forces in that quarter both military and naval, are in good health and spirits.
By a private letter from Dangeneff, we learn that the troops stationed at the different batteries are continually kept on the alert, and that the officers are not permitted to be for a moment absent from their posts.
By the Monmouth man of war, arrived from the Mediterranean accounts are said to have been received, by which it appears that all the late reports respecting Lord Nelson and the Toulon fleet are premature. The enemy remained snug at their old quarters the beginning of last month.
[London paper]
LATEST FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
From Liverpool papers to the 5th May, and London Papers to the 3d, inclusive, received at the office of the New-York Mercantile Advertiser.
LONDON, April 28.
Another plot has been discovered in France, and it appears that a plan has been formed to surrender Brest to the English!—an old Officer, named Rivoire, who is now awaiting in the Castle of Loundes, the execution of a sentence of transportation, has written a long letter to the Grand Judge, in which he confesses that he and Georges were to have seized Brest some time ago, and that he should have succeeded but for the delay and indecision of the Emigrant Princes' Council. He acknowledges also that he knew of the plot of the 3d Nivose or the infernal machine.—The motives of this man's confession are obvious.—He wishes to get his sentence remitted, which Bonaparte, no doubt, has promised him if he will accuse Georges, against whom, as well as Moreau, there is insufficient evidence to prove the charges brought against them.
This Rivoire cants about the love of his country and of justice: but what a fate is he preparing for those who tried him, and for such of his countrymen as may be tried in future for political offences! He acknowledges that his Judge who acquitted him, ought to have found him guilty, thus making them objects of suspicion and distrust to the First Consul. The French government mean Rivoire's letter no doubt as a hint to other judges not to be too ready to pronounce a verdict of acquittal.
The account of the dreadful disaster to our shipping on the coast of Portugal, was brought by the Walsingham packet from Lisbon. The number lost is nearly forty sail. They were lost on the morning of the 2d of April, before day-break, between Cape Mandego and Aviero, on the coast of Portugal. The Apollo sailed from the Cove of Cork on the 26th of March, in company with the Carysfort frigate, and 63 sail of merchantmen, bound to the West Indies. The Carysfort appeared off Oporto on the evening of the 2d instant, with about 20 sail of the convoy, steering for the westward. Captain Dixon, who commanded the Apollo, shared the fate of his ship, with the third Lieutenant, and about 100 of the crew. The rest of them are saved.
April 30.
By the General Orders published at Paris, on the 14th April, it appears that rumours prevailed there of Pichegru having been a conspirator, and of several persons, taken up as conspirators, having been shot.—General Murat asserts, "that no one guilty person has been condemned by the Military Tribunals, without his sentence having been printed and posted up immediately."
In order, however, that the public may not judge Moreau, and that their minds may be so prejudiced against him as to preclude the possibility of his having a fair trial, he adds, the arrests which have taken place since that of Gen. Moreau, have confirmed his guilt.
May 1.
The Marquis of Shelburne's motion upon the Defence of the Country was postponed yesterday, at the particular request of Lord Hawkes.

bers entitle them in the Senate, equivalent to 28 representatives. The southern and western states containing slaves, gain 15. Leaving a balance in favor of the former of 12. Without taking into consideration their gain in the choice of the electors of President and Vice-President, which is very considerable. If then the eastern states are so desirous of establishing the several departments of the federal government on the basis of numbers; if their sincerity with it is a majority shall govern; let them come forward with a proposition of amendment that shall place the election of the President and Senators on the same footing. Then, indeed, their professions would be consistent with their conduct. But, while they declare their object to be an equalisation of power according to numbers, and, at the same time, propose measures whose necessary effect would be to render more unequal that apportionment which is already so much in their favor, the world will give them credit neither for purity of motive nor patriotism. [Nat. Int.]
MASSACHUSETTS LEGISLATURE.
IN SENATE, Thursday June 14. A resolution directing the appointment of ELECTORS of a President and Vice-President, by a GENERAL TICKET, passed—Yeas 19, Nays 14—and sent down for concurrence. After this decision, the Hon. Mr. Bacon, moved, that a Protest of the Minority against the proceedings of the Majority on this question, should be entered upon the journals. A spirited debate ensued; when it was determined, that the motion should not be sustained.—Yeas 15—Nays 18.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Tuesday, June 14. The Resolve prescribing the mode of choosing Electors was received from the Senate and passed—Yeas 125—Nays 108. Mr. Morton then offered a protest, signed by himself and several other gentlemen of the minority, against the resolution, which he moved should be entered on the journals of the House. The speaker observed, that as the Protest impeached the motives of the majority, he should not put the motion unless he was directed to by the House. The question being taken, "Whether the Speaker should put the motion of Mr. Morton," it was determined in the negative—Yeas 53—Nays 172.
From the INDEPENDENT CHRONICLE.
We have obtained copies of the PROTEST of the minority of the Senate, and of the House, against the resolve for a GENERAL TICKET for Electors; which, although not permitted by the federal majority to be entered on their journals, are published for the consideration of our fellow-citizens: & we recommend them to the serious attention of every candid man, as a concise and authentic statement of the sentiments of the republican members of the Legislature on this most interesting subject.
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.
IN SENATE, June 14, 1804. The underlined members of the Senate, protest against the resolve this day passed, for the choice of Electors of President and Vice-President of the United States on the part of this commonwealth, by a GENERAL TICKET, for the following reasons.
1st. Because it is a departure from the practice of this Commonwealth in all former instances of the choice of Electors; in which, so far as the people have any agency, they have always voted by districts. 2d. Because it is a deviation from the system of election established by law in the analogous case of choosing representatives in Congress by districts; a system introduced with deliberation and sanctioned by fair experiment. 3d. Because it is inconsistent with the constitutional principle of Electing Senators and Representatives in our State Legislature by districts. 4th. Because it is an innovation upon the general and immemorial custom of the people of this commonwealth, who have inherited from their ancestors the usage and habit of voting for their public officers, by districts, of convenient extent, in all cases, where more than one are to be elected, by their suffrages, to the same office or trust.
The election of a Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, by a General Ticket, is founded upon absolute necessity, there being only one person to be elected for the whole commonwealth, to each of those offices. It is, therefore, neither an exception from the general rule, or an example applicable to elections, in which no such necessity exists. Besides, those two state officers are not only single, but also permanent, and are filled by annual elections; for which a few prominent characters, residing any where in the state, are, from year to year, generally for a long time, held up to public contemplation as candidates; by which means the people at large have a reasonable opportunity to form a judgment of their qualifications and pretensions: whereas there are 19 electors to be now chosen to perform one important duty only, without any such probationary introduction or any further continuance in office. The embarrassment of the people will be rendered still greater, by their being confined to vote for one Elector in each district throughout the Commonwealth, instead of being left at liberty to vote for a part only, or for their General Ticket, the candidates best known and most approved by them, in whatever counties they might happen to reside.
5th. Because, from the peculiar situation and circumstances of this Commonwealth, extending from the state of New-York to the province of New-Brunswick, a distance of more than five hundred miles, separated by the interjacency of another state, comprehending three original colonies, and two independent Judiciary districts, and containing eighteen counties, above four hundred towns, and more than half a million of inhabitants, the qualified voters in one extreme have not, and cannot have such knowledge of the principles and characters of the candidates in the other extreme of the commonwealth, as to be able to act understandingly in making their own choice. They must, therefore, either omit to act, and thus lose their elective rights, or act upon the judgment of others, and merely adopt a list presented to them under the form of a nomination. The result of such a process, however dignified with the name of an election by the people at large, will in reality be nothing more than an appointment made for them by a few individuals.
6th. Because it is incompatible with the true spirit of our representative system of government; as under the existing circumstances of the Commonwealth, its operation will be to deprive a large proportion of the citizens thereof of the benefit of a fair exercise of their constitutional right of suffrage.
7th. Because we believe the public sentiment, which ought to be duly respected by legislators, in order to give general satisfaction, is in favor of a choice by districts, in preference to a General Ticket.
8th. Because, in the present political state of things, the object of a General Ticket must be to place all our electoral suffrages in the hands of one political party, to the entire exclusion of an opposing party nearly equal in numbers. Its inevitable tendency will, therefore, be to stimulate those parties to opposite electioneering exertions, and to increase their mutual jealousies, prejudices and passions; without any probable effect upon the result of the approaching national election.
9th. Because it appears to us, as it is avowed by some of its principal advocates in the legislature, to be a measure of state opposition to the present administration of the Federal Government; an administration possessing, and, in our opinion, highly meriting the confidence, affection and support of a great and increasing majority of the nation. Such an unreasonable and unavailing opposition to the republican system of measures adopted by the constituted authorities of the Union, and sanctioned by the deliberate sense of the American People, in addition to its intrinsic impropriety, is calculated to injure the respectability of this commonwealth, to incur the reciprocal opposition of other states, to diminish our weights and influence in the national councils, to weaken both the general and state governments, and endanger an eventual dissolution of the Federal Union.
For these reasons, we move that this our protest, may be entered on the Journal of the Senate.
Signed by fourteen Senators.
NEW-YORK, June 25.
Mr. Finly, passenger in the Columbia from Lisbon, informs, that the King of Naples and family had been seized by the French on a suspicion of their having been concerned in the conspiracy against the life of the First Consul. Mr. Finly had his news from the Imperial consul at Lisbon.
Capt. Davis, of the ship Sally, from the Isle of France, informs us, that admiral Linois' squadron arrived there on the first of April, from the Straits of Sunda; and that on their passage they had fallen in with the British homeward bound China fleet, under convoy of six line of battle ships. Three outward bound India ships had been captured by the French, and taken into the Isle of France; from whence dispatches were sent off in a frigate for the Consular Government about 20 days before the falling of the Sally.
Capt. D. further informs, that an embargo was expected to take place immediately after his falling on all vessels.
Captain Griffing of the Schooner Two Brothers, arrived at Philadelphia in 20 days from St. Jago de Cuba, informs, that the Spanish government had ordered all prizes, without discrimination, to leave the port, and in future would not permit them to enter. The French daily take them out, set fire to, and then desert them. Captain G. possesses no particulars as to the revolt of the slaves in St. Jago.
Samuel Dickinson, an American seaman, who was pressed on board the British frigate Cambrian out of the brig Nonpareil, from Russia for New-York, on the 3d October last, came up on Friday evening from the Cambrian frigate, having been liberated through the influence of his friends in this city. He informs that there are still on board that ship the following American seamen, viz. John McDonald, a native of Pennsylvania; Samuel Robinson, a native of Stonington, Connecticut; James Giles, of Norfolk, Virginia; George Giles, of Rhode-Island, late a resident of New-Castle, Delaware; Thomas Baldwin, of Still Water, state of New-York; Peter Striker, of New-York; and Samuel Billings, of —
These men requested to have their names published, that their friends might have an opportunity of pursuing measures for their liberation. [N. Y. Merc. Adv.]
The ship Young Factor, arrived at this port yesterday, from Galway, had three of her passengers, viz. Maurice Crabb, Michael Prendergast, and John Mulkeen, besides a black seaman named Brown, pressed on Sunday last by the British sloop of war Driver. [Ib.]
In the ship Diligence from Dublin came 42 passengers, three of whom (viz. James Wiggins, John Brady, and — O'Connor) besides two seamen, were impressed on Sunday last, off the Hook, by the British sloop of war Driver. [Ib.]
His Excellency the Governor has, by a precept to the members of the honorable the Council of Appointment, required their attendance at Albany, on Saturday, the 30th instant. The gentlemen composing the council are, the hon. John Schenck, hon. Thomas Treadwell, & the hon. Caleb Hyde, his excellency the governor is ex-officio, President of the council. [N. Y. Morn. Chron.]
The Governor elect is, by law, required to enter upon the duties of his office on the first of July. [Ibid.]
We have forgotten to observe that, the high prize, 25,000 dollars, in the New-York Lottery for Encouraging Literature, is drawn by No. 13,978, the property of a clerk in Savannah, Georgia.
Doctor Manasse Cutler, one of the Representatives in Congress from the state of Massachusetts, has signified his intention to decline being a candidate at the next election.
ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND: WEDNESDAY, JULY 4, 1804.
No. 5, of the "Vindication of Virginia," is postponed on account of the important news brought by Monday's Mail.
WHEN a wild enthusiasm appears in Italy, more superstitious or more imposing than those who have gone before him; who turns the understanding of the people from "things to come," from the worship of the invisible God to the ridiculous mummeries of idle forms and grotesque idols, his death is bewailed as a national misfortune; his name is registered in the contemptible catalogue of Catholic Saints; and annual panegyrics are chanted forth to his immortality. When the weak descendant of an hereditary line of monarchs ascends the Throne of England, adapted by his imperfect education to be the wayward sport and plaything of his courtiers, or defined by the violence of his passions to be the scourge and curse of his own people, the day of his birth is consecrated as a day of public thanksgiving; a Poet-Laureate raises the mercenary lay, and his fellow subjects of the empire cannot fill their goblets too high, or breathe congratulations too fervent, in honor of this tutelary genius. Americans! Rejoice that the revolving year brings you also a day on which you may pour forth the full tide of national feeling; rejoice that this day has not been marked out by the confection of a faint, or the nativity of a king; rejoice that it is the day of national independence, which, breaking the bonds of your colonial subjection, left your spirits unfettered, and incited you to establish a free, an independent, a glorious republic. Ever be this day in the annals of our country! Exquisitely dear to the bosom of every true American!
The commencing term of 1776 beheld us the humble colonies of a foreign power. A chain thrown over an ocean three thousand miles wide, had bound us to the proud throne of the Monarch of Great Britain. Our commerce was fettered; our personal liberties were sacrificed. Our representative assemblies were controuled. Our revenues, the well-earned fruit of an enterprising agriculture or a shackled commerce, was about to be wrested from us without our own consent. Thanks to the genius of the British Constitution, such a deplorable era of national degeneracy was not destined to endure! Those seeds of an enlightened spirit which the representative principles of the English government had implanted in the hearts of our countrymen, were endued with additional vigour, and were made to strike a deeper root, and to expand into more perfect maturity, in this distant, uncultivated and extensive country. A region which presented to their view, nothing but widely extending forests or the wild and wandering savages, in place of the pugnacity of a court or the submission of subjects, was calculated to nourish independent sentiments. No sooner did despotism attempt to aim a deadly blow at their political rights, than the spirit of freedom awakened from its trance, and "rent the slimy bonds" which bound them to their mother country.
"The Patriot-flame with quick contagion ran, Hill lighted hill and man electrified man; Her bosom flung a wild Columbia's moan'd, And crown'd with laurels, Liberty return'd."
The same elevated genius, which has dishevelled the chains that bound us to a foreign power, has inspired our internal policy, and moulded our political institutions on the model of a free and virtuous government. Happy is the American nation that it is not cursed by the distinction of privileged orders and of the people! Happy the man whose spirit rises from the dust, and who dares to view himself equal in the eye of the law to all who partake with him of the same common nature! As he wanders through the streets of his native town, no glittering coronet offends his dazzled view. As he mixes in the social circle, no man approaches him, whom he is obliged to salute with the most obsequious servility, and the absurd title of my Lord, or Duke, or Marquis. The ignorant Peasant, who toils from "dawn to dark" can produce an illustrious line of pedigree, as the wealthiest and most ostentatious citizen. No reverence is extorted from him to support the vanity of an established priest, whom he abhors, or the ruinous extravagance of a prince of the blood, whom he deeply despises. Happy America, that is not cursed by consecrated priests, dishonoured by titled nobility, or degraded by exalted monarchs! Glorious country! The inhabitant who does not exult in the splendid destiny which has befallen thee, deserves to be stricken off from the catalogue of thy sons, and to be regarded as the most detestable of traitors!
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776.
WHEN, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal; that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that governments long established, should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly, all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great-Britain, is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature; a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, and for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be neglected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the state remaining, in the mean time, exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands.
He has obstructed the administration of justice by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependant on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers, to harass our people and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation: For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states: For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world: For imposing taxes on us without our consent: For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury: For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences: For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighbouring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies: For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments: For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connexions and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our separation, and hold them as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace, friends. WE, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, Free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connexion between them and the state of Great-Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledged to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honour.
JOHN HANCOCK.
NEW-HAMPSHIRE.—Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton. MASSACHUSETTS-BAY.—Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry. RHODE-ISLAND, &c.—Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery. CONNECTICUT.—Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott. NEW-YORK.—William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris. NEW-JERSEY.—Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark. PENNSYLVANIA.—Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross. DELAWARE.—Cesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean. MARYLAND.—Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. VIRGINIA.—George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, jun., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton. NORTH-CAROLINA.—William Hooper, Joseph Hews, John Penn. SOUTH-CAROLINA.—Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, jun., Thomas Lynch, jun., Arthur Middleton. GEORGIA.—Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton.
COMMUNICATION.
In your paper of the 27th ultimo, I discover a communication recommending a list of names "as competent persons to fill the important office of Directors to the Bank of Virginia;" a majority of which I highly approve. But as I consider some of them improper persons to act in that capacity, I shall take the liberty of proposing a list, which I am confident will accord with the opinion of every reflecting man: tho' before I draw the list, will make a few remarks, in order that the Stockholders may not be lead astray by that party prejudice which is ruinous to almost every institution that is set on foot among us. It appears evidently to have been the intention of the communicator, to have made a political distinction, in this list, which he had submitted to the consideration of the Stockholders. I am sorry to discover that any such discrimination in the appointment of officers to this institution, should have been made. I am decidedly of opinion, that no such distinction ought to be observed; for if that is to be the result and issue of the operations of the bank, I am confident it will not answer the good purpose for which it was intended. Another, and a very important reason why I object to the list, is that a sufficient number of merchants have not been recommended in it as directors.—This list comports with an observation which I heard used by a gentleman, who has busied himself considerably more than he is interested in the event, "that the object of some of the Stockholders was to exclude the merchants from the directorship of the bank entirely." I am astonished that such an idea should ever enter the understanding of any man. If this bank is to be conducted like other banks, and the profits to be created in the same ratio, how is it to be supposed that the merchants will patronize and deal with it at all, when they are deprived of the directorship, or a part of the management and the advantages which result therefrom? How then will the discounts operate? Is it to be supposed that a sufficient number of discounts will be made by the citizens of a different occupation, so as to enhance the value of shares to that degree which has been calculated by some, who appear to have sufficient knowledge to prejudice all the consequences that are to result from it? If this mode is to be pursued, the consequences will be exactly contrary; for unless the discounts are made by merchants, the profits will be very in-
considerable, and not sufficient to pay the contingent expenses of the bank. Any person who is acquainted with the operations of a bank, knows that the discounts made by private citizens is merely like a cypher on the left side of a number. But if the right of directorship and management be denied to the merchants, the inevitable consequence will be, that they will withhold their patronage from this bank, and seek some other that will be more congenial and advantageous to their interests. Under these considerations, I trust that the Stockholders will see their interest in making a judicious choice, as the fate of the bank will certainly depend upon the propriety of their choice. Hence it is also important, that the characters of each individual should be accurately ascertained before the choice is made. I offer the following list, under the fullest conviction that each character which it presents will bear the strictest investigation, and that each would reflect an honour upon any bank, or any institution whatsoever.
COMMUNICATION.
In the Enquirer of the 27th ult. there appeared a list of gentlemen recommended as competent persons to fill the important office of Directors of the "Bank of Virginia."
Although the writer hereof, has no particular objection to urge against any of the gentlemen named in that list, yet he trusts it will not be deemed a disparagement of any, if others are named (in place of several) whose qualifications seem better calculated to discharge the duties of so important a station.
The following persons are respectfully submitted to the consideration of the Stockholders.
Abraham Venable. Edward Carrington. Joseph Jefferson. Robert Pollard. Joseph Gallego. Joseph Marx. Benjamin Hatcher. J. F. Leitch. John Harvie. Thomas Rutherford. George W. Smith. William Mitchell. Samuel Pleasants. of the house of Mitchell. William Du-Val. and Gardner.
Well aware that upon this occasion, the Treasurer's vote will give a decided preponderance to any of the persons named, had the writer been personally acquainted with him, this list should not have appeared without his approbation.

Miscellaneous.
Anecdotes of VOLTAIRE, from the Travels of Dr. Moore.
SINCE I arrived at Geneva, my correspondents have made many enquiries concerning the philosopher of Ferney, which I am not at all surprised at. This extraordinary person has contrived to excite more curiosity, and to retain the attention of Europe for a longer space of time than any other man this age has produced, monarchs and heroes included. Even the most trivial anecdote relating to him seems, in some degree, to interest the public.
I have had frequent opportunities of conversing with him, and still more with those who have lived in intimacy with him for many years; so that the following remarks are founded, either on my own observation, or on that of the most candid and intelligent of his acquaintance.
He has enemies and admirers here, as he has everywhere else; and not unfrequently both united in the same person.
The first idea which has presented itself to all who have attempted a description of his person, is that of a skeleton. In as far as this implies excessive leanness, it is just; but it must be remembered, that this skeleton, this mere composition of skin and bone, has a look of more spirit and vivacity than is generally produced by flesh and blood, however blooming and youthful.
The most piercing eyes I ever beheld are those of Voltaire, now in his eightieth year. His whole countenance is expressive of genius, observation, and extreme sensibility.
In the morning he has a look of anxiety and discontent; but this gradually wears off, and after dinner he seems cheerful. An air of irony, however, never entirely forsakes his face, but may always be observed lurking in his features, whether he frowns or smiles.
When the weather is favourable, he takes an airing in his coach, with his niece, or with some of his guests, of whom there is always a sufficient number at Ferney. Sometimes he saunters in his garden; or if the weather does not permit him to go abroad, he employs his leisure hours in playing at chess with Pere Adam, or in receiving the visits of strangers, a continued succession of whom attend at Ferney, to catch an opportunity of seeing him; or in dictating and reading letters: for he still retains correspondents in all the countries of Europe, who inform him of every remarkable occurrence, and send him every new literary production as soon as it appears.
By far the greatest part of his time is spent in his study; and whether he reads himself, or listens to another, he always has a pen in his hand, to take notes, or make remarks.
Composition is his principal amusement. No author, who writes for daily bread, no young poet, ardent for distinction, is more assiduous with his pen, or more anxious for fresh fame, than the wealthy and applauded Seigneur of Ferney.
He lives in a very hospitable manner, and takes care always to keep a good cook. He has generally two or three visitors from Paris, who stay with him a month or six weeks at a time. When they go, their places are soon supplied; so that there is a constant rotation of society at Ferney. These, with Voltaire's own family, and his visitors from Geneva, compose a company of twelve or fourteen people, who dine daily at his table, whether he appears or not. For, when engaged in preparing some new production for the press, indispersed, or in bad spirits, he does not dine with the company; but satisfies himself with seeing them for a few minutes, either before or after dinner.
All who bring recommendations from his friends, may depend upon being received if he be not really indisposed. He often presents himself to the strangers, who assemble almost every afternoon in his antechamber, although they bring no particular recommendation. But sometimes they are obliged to retire, without having their curiosity gratified.
As often as this happens, he is sure of being accused of peevishness; and a thousand ill-natured fancies are related, perhaps, invented, out of revenge, because he is not in the humour of being exhibited like a dancing bear on a holiday. It is much less surprising that he sometimes refuses, than that he should comply so often. In him, this compliance must proceed solely from a desire to oblige; for Voltaire has been so long accustomed to admiration, that the stare of a few strangers cannot be supposed to afford him much pleasure.
His niece, Madame Denis, does the honours of the table, and entertains the company, when her uncle is not able, or does not choose to appear. She is a well disposed woman, who behaves with good humour to every body, and with unremitted attention and tenderness to her uncle.
The morning is not a proper time to visit Voltaire. He cannot bear to have his hours of study interrupted. This alone is sufficient to put him out of humour; besides he is then apt to be querulous, whether he suffers by the infirmities of age, or from some accidental cause of chagrin. Whatever be the reason, he is less an optimist at that part of the day than at any other. It was in the morning probably that he remarked, "4 (que c'est dommage que le quinquième ne trouvât en Amerique, si la fleur en nos climats.)"
Those who are invited to supper, have an opportunity of seeing him in the most advantageous point of view. He then exerts himself to entertain the company, and seems as fond of laying, what are called good things, as ever. And when any lively remark, or bon mot, comes from another, he is equally delighted, and pays the fullest tribute of applause. The spirit of mirth gains upon him by indulgence. When surrounded by his friends, and animated by the presence of women, he seems to enjoy life with all the fertility of youth. His genius then surmounts the restraints of age and infirmity, and flows along in a fine stream of pleasing, spirited observation, and delicate irony.
He has an excellent talent of adapting his conversation to his company. The first time the D—— of H—— waited on him, he turned the discourse on the ancient alliance between the French and Scotch nations. Reciting the circumstance of one of his Grace's predecessors having accompanied Mary Queen of Scots, whose heir he at that time was, to the court of France, he spoke of the heroic characters of his ancestors, the ancient Earls of Douglas, of the great literary reputation of some of his countrymen then living; and mentioned the names of Hume and Robertson in terms of high approbation.
A short time afterwards he was visited by two Russian noblemen, who are now at Geneva. Voltaire talked to them a great deal of their country, and the flourishing state of their country. Formerly, said he, your countrymen were guided by ignorant priests, the arts were unknown, and your lands lay waste; but now the arts flourish, and the lands are cultivated. One of the young men replied, that there was still a great proportion of barren land in Russia. At least, said Voltaire, you must admit, that of late your country has been "very fertile in laurels."
Voltaire has great merit as a dramatic writer; and it is much to be wished, that this extraordinary man had confined his genius to its native home, to the walks which the mules love, and where he has always been received with distinguished honour, and that he had never deviated from those into the thorny paths of controversy. For, while he attacked the tyrants and oppressors of mankind, and those who have perverted the benevolent nature of Christianity to the most selfish and malignant purposes, it is forever to be regretted, that he allowed the shafts of his ridicule to glance upon the Christian religion itself.
By persevering in this, he has not only shocked the pious, but even disgusted infidels, who accuse him of borrowing from himself, and repeating the same argument in various publications; and even as tired of the false sneer against the Christian doctrines, as of the dullest and most tedious sermons in support of them.
† That it was a pity that the Peruvian bark is found in America and fevers in our climates.
The following very singularly cruel, inhuman murder, is given in a letter from Hamburg, dated the 27th March.
“A person of the name of REUSE, a respectable school-master here, about 40 years of age,
having a wife and five children, and possessing therewith a competence, and every means of rendering himself and family happy, took occasion a few nights ago, whilst they all slept, to murder them in the most cruel and barbarous manner.
“On the day preceding this horrid catastrophe, Reuse was, with some friends & the whole of his family on pleasure at Wambeck, a pleasant village a few miles from Hamburg. About nine in the evening they all returned to town; and between the hours of one and four next morning, it is believed, he had been employed in the horrid work of massacring all his family!
“The eldest, a girl about 16 years of age, from the condition she was in when found in the morning, appeared to have struggled severely with this monster in human form, as she had received many cuts and stabs in different parts of her body. During the awful conflict, long had she, doubtless, petitioned for mercy—but in vain; determined on his sanguinary purpose, and equally calm to the feelings, and inaccessible to the last cries of humanity, he had, by dint of perseverance, succeeded in almost severing her head from her body. His wife and the other four children, which were boys, had their necks cut nearly asunder, it is supposed while asleep, leaving not a spark of life in them, except the youngest, who survived in the agonies of death about five hours. What is shocking to remark concerning the child last mentioned, (as it proves him capable of deliberate discrimination) is, that to effect his cruel purpose, and complete the massacre, he had taken this, his youngest child, out of bed from between two children he had for tuition belonging to a merchant.
“Early in the morning he left the house, desiring the servant not to awake her mistress, or any of the family, till he returned. The gates of the city opening at an early hour, he skulked into the most retired part of the ramparts, where he made a slight attempt to cut his own throat; and had laid down on his face, by some water, endeavouring to bleed gently to death.
“The horrid transaction was, however, soon discovered, and reported through the city.—And in the afternoon of the same day, two gentlemen who were out sporting, came to the place where Reuse was laid; and finding him in the situation already described, enquired if he was the wretch who had murdered his family in the morning? He answered in the affirmative, at the same time begging for some water to drink, which was refused him. He was then taken; and at the dead hour of the night, (to secure him from the vengeance of the people) he was conveyed to his own house, to behold the awful scene, in order to obtain, if possible, a confession of the motives which induced him to commit an act of such singular barbarity; but he aligned no other reason for his conduct, than the losing of a trifling law-suit, and the preposterous idea of love to his family, which, he said, prompted him to save them from the direful consequences.
“It is, however, remarkable, that previous to the commission of this sanguinary act, he had never evinced any symptoms of insanity.
“Having property, he was confined in a comfortable prison, where he spent his time in playing at cards and other amusements.
“P. S. On Monday the 19th of March Reuse was racked by a wheel, which came down 18 times on his neck, arms, and limbs, &c.—it was a shocking sight!”
HUDSON, [N. Y.] June 19.
Shad and Herring Fishery.—Of this valuable and abundant source of employment and riches to the inhabitants of the borders of Hudson river, some notice should be taken. The last season has proved uncommonly favourable to the fishermen in the vicinity of this city. In one net not less than 40,000 shad have been taken, which have been sold for 3 to 6 dollars per 100. Innumerable quantities of herring have also been caught. At one fishing place, 16,000 were taken at a single tide. The value of the whole number of herring taken in the season, is probably equal to half that of the shad. These fisheries occupy large numbers of people in the river, besides those employed in dressing, salting and packing them, as well as the coopers in furnishing casks; and form an important article of exportation. Perhaps 50 nets are usually owned or employed in the limits of Hudson. These, allowing them to be tolerably successful; say taking 20,000 shad each, at the lowest rate of 3 dollars per 100, would produce 30,000 dollars; and computing the value of the herring at half that of the shad, would be found to draw from the bosom of the river in about two months, no less than 45,000 dollars. If the fisheries on the other parts of the river were equally productive the Hudson might well be esteemed an inexhaustible fountain of wealth.
LEXINGTON, (Ken.) June 12.
On Saturday evening last twelve chiefs deputed from the Osage nation of Indians, and two boys, arrived in this town, on their way to the city of Washington, on a visit to the President of the United States. It is said the object of their visit is to enter into a treaty with the United States, with whom they are desirous to be on friendly terms. Their towns are situated upwards of five hundred miles up the Missouri, on the Osage river. The tribe consists of about fifteen hundred warriors, who live in two settlements, at no great distance from each other. They are of a gigantic stature, being all (the men) above six feet in height, and well proportioned. They are represented as a ferocious people who to be at war with all the other tribes of Indians. On their passage down the Missouri, five of their party were killed by the Sacquias and Renard tribe of Indians. Several others returned from St. Louis, having fallen sick.
M. Chouteau, a French gentleman of the first respectability, and a citizen of Louisiana, and who has for a number of years had the exclusive privilege of trading with the Osages, has been induced by captain Lewis to accompany them. There are also in company, several young French gentlemen, who intend applying to be admitted into the military academy.
The party left St. Louis the 17th ultimo, at which time captain Lewis and Clarke were there, and would have left the 19th, on their tour to explore Louisiana. Three men, who had been for three years hunting in that country, and whose knowledge of the different tribes of Indians extended a considerable distance, have been engaged to go with captain Lewis as guides. Those hunters relate, that during their excursions they saw an Indian woman, who had been taken prisoner from a nation who live on the shores of the Pacific Ocean.
M. Chouteau carries with him to the President, a toad or frog, of a very curious species—its form is that of a land tortoise, very flat, covered with scales, of a dark grey colour, a short tail, and a head formed like that of a buffalo, and is ornamented with six horns—it lived four months in the possession of M. Chouteau, without taking any other nourishment than a little water, which was given it from time to time.
This species of frog is frequently found in the prairies within the territory of the Osage nation—They live in association with a species of ground squirrel, and a species of snake. These associations occupy an area from one to two acres of ground—from the surface are a number of holes, which communicates with their subterranean habitations—it is kept from their dust or grass by the squirrels, who brush it with their tails—they are of a brown colour, slender made, and very active. They frequently play among themselves, on the surface, keeping centinels. As soon as any person appears the watch gives the signal, and they all instantly disappear. The snakes do not move until they perceive the object themselves. The frogs being of a slow indolent disposition, are easily taken.
BY AUTHORITY.
[LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES.]
AN ACT Concerning the Public Buildings in the City of Washington.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That fifty thousand dollars shall be, and the same is hereby appropriated, to be paid out of any money in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated, to be applied under the direction of the President of the United States, in proceeding with the public buildings at the city of Washington, and in making such necessary improvements and repairs thereon, as he shall deem expedient.
NATHL. MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JESSE FRANKLIN, President of the Senate pro-tempore. March 27th, 1804. APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
AN ACT
Supplementary to an act, intitled "An act to prescribe the mode in which the public acts, records and judicial proceedings in each state, shall be authenticated so as to take effect in every other state."
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That from and after the passage of this act, all records and exemplifications of office books, which are or may be kept in any public office of any state, not appertaining to a court, shall be proved or admitted in any other court or office in any other state, by the attestation of the keeper of the said records or books, and the seal of his office thereto annexed, if there be a seal; together with a certificate of the presiding justice of the court of the county or district, as the case may be, in which such office is or may be kept, or of the governor, the secretary of state, the chancellor or the keeper of the great seal of the state, that the said attestation is in due form and by the proper officer; and the said certificate, if given by the presiding justice of a court, shall be further authenticated by the clerk or prothonotary of the said court, who shall certify under his hand and the seal of his office, that the said presiding justice is duly commissioned and qualified; or if the said certificate be given by the governor, the secretary of state, the chancellor or keeper of the great seal, it shall be under the great seal of the state in which the said certificate is made. And the said records and exemplifications, authenticated as aforesaid, shall have such faith and credit given to them in every court and office within the United States, as they have in law or usage in the courts or offices of the state from whence the same are, or shall be taken.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted That all the provisions of this act, and the act to which this is a supplement, shall apply as well to the public acts, records, office-books, judicial proceedings, courts and offices of the respective territories of the United States, and countries subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, as to the public acts, records, office-books, judicial proceedings, courts and offices of the several states.
NATHL. MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JESSE FRANKLIN, President of the Senate pro-tempore. March 27, 1804. APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
AN ACT
Making an appropriation for carrying into effect the convention concluded between the United States and the King of Spain, on the eleventh day of August, one thousand eight hundred and two.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That for the purpose of defraying the expence which may arise in carrying into effect the convention, concluded between the United States and the king of Spain, on the eleventh day of August, one thousand eight hundred and two, the following sums, to be paid out of any monies in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, be, and the same hereby are appropriated, that is to say;
For the salaries of the commissioners, including half the compensation of the fifth commissioner, half the expences of the board and the contingent expences of the commissioners of the United States, twelve thousand seven hundred and sixty dollars: Provided, that the compensation to be allowed to any of the commissioners, who may be appointed in pursuance of the said convention, shall not exceed the rate of four thousand four hundred and forty-four dollars per annum.
For the salary of an agent, whom the President of the United States is hereby authorised to appoint, for the purpose of supporting the claims of citizens of the United States, before the board of commissioners, and to whom a compensation not exceeding the rate of three thousand dollars per annum, may be allowed, three thousand dollars.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the President of the United States, be, and he hereby is authorised, to make the appointment of the said commissioners and agent, during the recess of the senate, and to grant the persons thus appointed, commissions which shall remain in force until the end of the next session of congress and no longer.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That this act shall take effect and be in force from and after the day when the exchange of ratifications of the said convention shall be made.
NATHL. MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JESSE FRANKLIN, President of the Senate pro tempore. March 16, 1804. APPROVED, TH: JEFFERSON.
THE Court of Hustings of the City of Richmond have established the following rules concerning applicants for licenses to manufacture Tobacco within the said City; viz:
“All Applications to the Court for Licenses to manufacture Tobacco, must be made one month at least, previous to the time of granting thereof, and the name or names of the applicant or applicants entered on the Records of the said Court, and inserted in all the Newspapers published in the City of Richmond.”
IN PURSUANCE WHEREOF, PUBLIC NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That from the Records of the said Hustings Court, it appears that DANL. TRIPLETT and JOHN WIDWILT intend to apply to the next succeeding Court for Licenses, severally, to Manufacture Tobacco within this City.
By Order of the Court. ANDW STEVENSON, D. C. June 23. (2d adjourn)
SPRING GOODS.
WILLIAM TEMPLE.
HAS just received, by the ship Rebecca from London and Yorkshire from Liverpool, AN ASSORTMENT OF GOOD S. Suitable to the season, which he will dispose of on the usual terms. Richmond, May 21st. (1)
ELLIS & ALLAN.
Have received from London, Liverpool and Bristol, A NEAT & VALUABLE ASSORTMENT OF SPRING GOODS.
“THE London Critical Review or Annals of Literature,” from the year 1791 till 1802, bound in boards, 39 vols.—And 30 Numbers of “Ladies London Magazine.” June 19. (3W)
At a Court of Appeals held at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, the 21st May, 1804.
ORDERED, that the following Rules be published in the Richmond Gazette, for one month.
NOVEMBER 18th, 1803.
RULE—In all cases whether of appeal, writ of error or otherwise, the Court will proceed to a hearing at the term to which such case shall be returned or sent up, unless good cause shall be shown to the contrary.
MAY 15th, 1804.
RULE—A clear and concise state of the case of each party in an appeal, writ of error or supersedeas, from a decree of the high court of Chancery, or any District Court in Chancery, or from a judgment of the General Court, or any District Court in which a demurrer, special verdict, case agreed, demurrer to evidence, bill of exceptions, or point reserved, shall constitute a part of the record, or exhibits in the cause, with the points insisted on, signed by his counsel and printed, or fairly transcribed, the expence whereof shall be taxed in the bill of costs, shall, after the end of this present term be delivered to each Judge, time enough before the hearing of the cause, & that no error, other than such as shall be pointed out, and insisted on in such statement, on the part of the plaintiff or appellant, shall be (without leave of the court) admitted as a ground for argument on the hearing of the cause, or for reversal of the decree or judgment sought to be reversed. And that all depositions and exhibits, accounts and articles intended to be relied upon or objected to in the argument, be particularly noticed in such State and recited, and a reference thereto in the official copy of the record in the cause made.
MAY 21st, 1804.
RULE—That after the end of this present term, all causes depending in this Court, which shall be ready for hearing in pursuance of the rule of this court, made on the 15th day of this present month, shall, unless good cause be shown to the contrary, be heard in the same order in which they stand on the docket.
TESTE, J. BROWN, C. C.
RICHMOND, June 15, 1804.
OUR clients in the Court of Appeals will perceive, that the foregoing orders require particular duties, expences and attention, which were not expected when we were retained by them. As we cannot fail to comply with these requisitions of the court, without danger to their interest; and the rule, that causes shall be tried according to their standing on the docket, renders it necessary that we should be constantly present, and ready for the argument; we trust, that our clients will see the propriety of an adequate compensation for our services.
PHILIP N. NICHOLAS. EDMUND RANDOLPH. JOHN W. KHAM. GEORGE HAY. DANIEL CALL. JOHN WARDEN.
Virginia.
At a Superior Court of Chancery held at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, 14th of September, 1808—
Between
Mary Ruffin, executrix, and Herbert Claiborne, James Ruffin and William Ruffin, executors of Robert Ruffin deceased, and the said James Ruffin, Robert Ruffin and Sterling Ruffin, protesting in their own rights.....Plaintiffs. And
William Clack, and James Gargill Jones, and Richard Jones, infants by Charles Binns Jones, their guardian.....Defendants.
IN this cause, abated as to the plaintiffs Mary Ruffin and James Ruffin, by their deaths, and heard on the bill, answers, exhibits, and examinations of witnesses, and argued by counsel, the fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and three, the court directed one of the commissioners to state and report their credits, to which the defendants are, if to any they be, entitled, exclusive of the paper money rendered, and justly rejected in November, of the year one thousand eight hundred eighty one, towards discharging the debt, for securing payment of which, the mortgage proposed to be foreclosed, was granted.
A Copy—T. P. TINSLEY.
May 25th, 1804. (22m) (7)
On the motion of the plaintiffs, by their counsel, John Jones is a legal plaintiff to the infant defendants, to defend them in this suit in place of Charles Binns Jones who is dead. A Copy. P. TINSLEY.
COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE,
Richmond, May 26th, 1804.
THE parties concerned are desired to take Notice, That I have appointed Wednesday the twenty-fifth day of July next, for carrying into effect the within decree; upon which day their attendance is required at my office, with their papers and accounts, ready for examination. Wm. HAY, M. C.
The following Six Dogheads of TOBACCO,
now lying in Dyer's Ware House, will be sold according to Law: 1800, January 10th—Judith Kelly, marked 1. K. No. 5, Gross 1111, Tare 114, Nett 997. 1801, January 9th, do. do. No. 10, Gross 1180, Tare 119, Nett 1061—January 22, William Diggs, marked W. D. No. 17, Gross 1163, Tare 120, Nett 1045—Do. John Brent, marked 1. B. No. 21, Gross 1033, Tare 137, Nett 896—January 30, George Brent, marked G. B. No. 25, Gross 1179, Tare 146, Nett 1033. March 18, Spencer George, marked S. G. No. 48, Gross 1052, Tare 106, Nett 946. THOMAS HURST. WM. MEREDITH. Inspectors. May 19.—tawsm.
Mediterranean Passports.
NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the 8th day of July next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel, for which application may be made on a compliance with the terms prescribed by law and surrendering the former passport of which they may be possessed, if any, in which latter case no fees will be required for the exchange; and that by an arrangement agreed upon by the Barbary powers with whom we are at peace, either the old or the new form of passport will be sufficient to protect the vessels of the United States, from capture until the 1st of July 1805, after which the old form of passport will be unavailable and the new one alone in use.
Department of State, 23rd of May, 1804.
The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazette twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices. June 2.
Richmond County, June 1803.
John Campbell, comp't.
AGAINST
William Morgan and Peter Northern
THE defendant Morgan not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state; it is ordered that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bills of the complainant, and that a copy of this order be published in some newspaper printed in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and a copy also posted at the front door of the courthouse; and it is further ordered that the defendant Northern, do not pay, convey away or secrete, the debts and effects in his hands, due and belonging to the said Morgan, until the further order of the court, in the premises. A copy Teste. D. MCARTY, C. R. C.
DOCTOR WILSON
HAS taken (as a temporary residence) the house lately occupied by Doctor AXANA, opposite the Bell Tavern, and intends to combine the APOTHECARIES BUSINESS with the PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. He is now opening a part, and expects to receive by the next arrivals from Philadelphia, the balance of a fresh and very general supply of MEDICINES, and other articles in the Apothecaries Line, which will be sold at the lowest term. Orders from the country, Recipes, &c. will be carefully attended to. June 27. [eW6m]
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. JOSEPH SCOTT, Marshal V. D. (epu)
TO RENT,
And immediate possession given, THE HOUSE lately occupied by Mr. William Nimmo, deceased.—For terms, apply to ROBERT M'KIM. June 27. y3W
Twenty-five Cents Reward.
RAN-AWAY from my service, in the county of Louisa, about the middle of April last, an apprentice of mine named BENJAMIN JENKINS, about 16 years old, five feet nine or ten inches high, of a sturdy make and very well grown for his age. His parents reside in the county of Hanover near the Merry-Orleans, where it is probable he is lurking.
Any person who will take the trouble of apprehending and conveying the said lad to me, in the county of Louisa, shall receive the above reward, besides what the law will entitle him to. ROBERT KING. June 21st, 1804.
N. B. I do hereby forwarn all persons from harbouring the said apprentice, or in any manner concealing him, to prevent my recovering him again. R. KING.
CAROLINE SPRINGS.
THE subscriber intends to open a TAVERN at the Caroline Springs, on the first day of June next; and hopes, from the pleasant and healthy situation, exclusive of the medicinal qualities of the waters, that it will be a place of general resort.
The Springs are situated about 36 miles from Richmond, 18 from Port-Royal, 12 from the Bowling-Green, and 13 from Fredericksburg. The roads leading to them are remarkably good... they are surrounded by an agreeable and respectable neighbourhood.—There are out-houses for the accommodation of those who wish to live separate from the Tavern.