The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1806-09-02 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM...(PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 34.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 2, 1806.
[VOLUME 3.]
Richmond Prices Current.
Table with 3 columns: Item, Dals., Cts. Rows include Tobacco, Wheat, Flour, Corn Meal, Bacon, Bar Iron, Whiskey.
NOTICE.
THE Co-partnership of William R. Richards, & Co. is this day dissolved, by mutual consent. The collection of all debts due to that concern, or by Wm. R. Richards, is committed to Nat. Perkins alone, to whom those that have demands, will apply for payment.
FOR RENT.
A Convenient Tenement, contiguous to Mr. Pickett's, lately occupied by David M. Randolph Esq. The Dwelling House is of Brick, two story high with two handsome rooms and a passage on the first floor, three good rooms on the second and the Garret well finished.
TO RENT.
THE TENEMENT, which Mrs. Phebe lately occupied on the street leading by the Governor's, consisting of a large cellar, a room used as a kitchen, a very well fixed floor, a counting room, a drawing and bed room, and three sleeping and a lumber room in the garret; immediate possession may be had.
TO BE RENTED.
THE BRICK TENEMENT, nearly opposite Dr. Greenhow's, and lately occupied by Mr. Benjamin Moby. For terms apply to THOMAS NORVELL.
PUBLIC NOTICE.
PUBLIC NOTICE is hereby given, that the Hustings court of Richmond, will at their next session, proceed to appoint a fit and proper person, to act as a smaller commissioner, in chancery, in the said court, in the room of Samuel Greenhow, Esq. resigned, at which time, candidates are solicited to attend.
WILLIAMSBURG RACES.
ON Tuesday, the eleventh day of November next, will be run for, over the Williamsburg Course, a Sweep Stake purse, for three year old colts, two mile heats, entrance 50 dollars; closed. Wednesday—the Jockey Club purse of four hundred dollars, four mile heats. Thursday—the proprietor's purse of one hundred dollars, two mile heats. Friday—a Sweepstake for mules; mile heats, the best three in five, entrance ten dollars. Saturday—an elegant saddle, bridle, whip and spurs; mile heats, entrance ten dollars. By order of the Club. ROBERT ANDERSON, Sec'y & Treasurer. August 29.
SCOTTVILLE JOCKEY CLUB.
THE races will commence at this place, on Thursday the 18th of September, free for any horse, mare or gelding—weights as usual. 1st. Day.—Three mile heats, for the amount of the subscription, after deducting contingent charges—pay, about one hundred pounds. 2nd. Day.—The proprietors purse, two mile heats—half the amount of the first day. 3rd. Day.—A handy cap purse of one hundred dollars, two mile heats, for an elegant gig. WILLIAM ARCHER, Sec'y to the Club. Powhatan, Court House, August 29. (ep5w.)
ENOCH SULLIVAN.
TAKES the liberty of informing the public, of his removal to a house nearly opposite the Eagle; where any orders in his profession, will be thankfully attended to. He offers for sale, an assortment of FINE GOODS, partly consisting of a general assortment of FASHIONABLE FURNITURE.
Silver, plated and Brassware; tea, desert and table Spoons; Silver and plated Sugar Tongs, Ladles, &c. plated, paper and wood rimmed Calfets; plated & Britannia Tea Pots; plated Tea Urns, Sugar Dishes & Cream Pots; plated and paper Decanter Sliders; plated, brass and japanned Candle Sticks; Hair Powder, Puffs, Bags and Pomatum; fine and coarse horn and tortoise shell plain and ornamented Combs; Glove Knots, Elastic Garters, Razors, Straps, Boxes, Brushes, and Windsor Soap; a Garden lately pailed in a Wharf-house and Cellar under it; the remains of a Wharf, which will make a good foundation to build on; with all the privileges of lots situated on the river, of extending a wharf. Also—27 1/4 Acres of well timbered LAND, with a good Fishery on Willoughby's Bay, taking in the mouth and part of Mason's Creek, where the best of Oysters and Fish can be conveniently taken. Also—A LOT in Smithfield, between Mrs. Purdie's and Captain Todd's lots. For terms apply to THOMAS NEWTON. August 22. (tf)
TO BE RENTED.
THE large THREE STORY HOUSE on the Main-Street east of the Market, formerly occupied by Cohen and Isaac, and lately by Capt. John S. Picciani; it is a good stand for business and suitable for the accommodation of a large family. Also, the HOUSE (formerly known by the sign of the Bird in Hand) at the corner of the street leading to church hill; to both of these tenements gardens are attached. The terms will be moderate, and made known on application to James Whitelaw, servant of the City, or to JACOB I. COHEN. (1aw tf) February 25.
WANTED.
WANTED to hire immediately, a young and active NEGRO MAN—Also, a NEGRO GIRL about 14 or 15 years old. Apply to the printer. August 15.
REMOVAL.
DOCTOR WILSON has removed from the Bell Tavern to the Brick House opposite the stores of Messrs. J. & R. Gamble and Mr. Neil McCoull, where, in addition to his former stock, he has just received a considerable supply of MEDICINES, PAINTS, &c. The whole of which he offers for sale at reduced prices. Orders from Physicians, Merchants and others, will be promptly attended to and carefully executed. It is his intention to devote much particular attention to his shop, and to sell such Medicines as he uses in his practice only. Families can have proper directions to accompany such articles as they buy of him. Among a great variety, he begs leave to enumerate—
Peruvian Bark, Sarsaparilla, Sassafras, Manna, Salts, Campher, Spanish Flies, Digitalis, Pink Root, Opium, Arrow Root. ALSO, Anderson's Pills, Bateman's Drops, British Oil, Balsam of Honey, Cling's Worm Lozenges, Hamilton's do. do., Churches Cough Drops, China Plaster, Dalby's Carminative, Dalby's Elixir, Essence Peppermint, Essence Spruce, Essence Mustard, Gossland's Lotion, Church's Lotion, Godfrey's Cordial, Harrow Oil, Hawbury Water, James's Powders, Jesuit's Drops, John Dyer's, Peppermint Lozenges, Lip Salve, Liquid True Blue, Steers' Ophthal. Orange Flower Water, Ranseon's Bitters, Stoughton's Bitters, Turlington's Balsam, Pungent Smelling Bottles, Pispifloras, Rife Water, Tooth Powder, Tooth Picks, Tooth Brushes, Greenhow's Tincture, Imperial Wash for cleaning teeth, Essential Salt of Lemons, Lavender water, Rat Powder, Fine polishing Copal Varnish, White Varnish, Black do., Japan do., White Lead, Linseed Oil, Spirits of Turpentine, Mace, Cloves, Turmeric, Ginger, Long Pepper, Indigo, Copperas, Logwood, Fustic, Madder, Gold Leaf, Silver Leaf, Windsor Soap, Wall Balls, Cinnabar, &c. ALSO—A small supply of Medical Books for sale. February 4. Sif
FOR SALE.
FOUND upon the subscribers plantation, about the tenth of June last, three stray MULBS, two horses & a mare, all of them bays, had the appearance of having been worked, are supposed to be three years old and have been appraised to sixty dollars each. The owner is requested to prove his property, pay all costs, and take away his mules. THOMAS CARY NELSON. Bleak-Hill, King William, August 15. (oaw8w.)
TO BE RENTED.
THE TENEMENT formerly occupied by Messrs. James and Alexander Dunlap and lately by Wm. T. Stone, at the west end of the Market bridge, and adjoining the house in which an extensive Ven. due Store is about to be established. If more agreeable, I would sell, on reasonable terms, a Lease of about seven and an half years in the said tenement. WILLIAM MCKIM. conf August 1.
GERMAN LINENS.
The Subscribers have just received from Bremen, a supply of GERMAN LINENS, which they offer to sell on the most reasonable terms. BOHN & HUBNER. August 15. 2m
TO BE RENTED.
I now reside, and possession given in time. J. PENN. April 11. tf
NOTICE.
THE Co-partnership of GILLIAT & KIRBY, by its limitation, would expire on the first day of next month; but the members of that firm have mutually agreed to extend it to the first day of May next. All persons indebted thereto are earnestly requested to come forward without delay and pay off what they respectively owe, as longer indulgence ought not to be expected. Those who have unsettled accounts and cannot make immediate payment, it is hoped will execute bonds for their respective balances. GILLIAT & KIRBY. August 19. ep 2m.
HOUSES & LOT FOR SALE.
W offer for sale the Houses and Lot near to Mr. Rutherford's dwelling House and next to Mr. Isaac Webster's on Shockoe Hill, at present occupied by Benjamin Sheppard. This situation is scarcely exceeded by any in town for beauty, and by none as to pleasantness, being nearly if not quite as high as any part of Richmond. The dwelling house and out-houses are sufficient for the accommodation of a genteel family that is not very large, there being 2 rooms and a fine large passage below, and 4 rooms above stairs in the dwelling house, a good kitchen and smoke house all in good repair, and the yard and garden under a new inclosure of the best materials. Any person inclined to purchase, may be accommodated with credits which probably will be agreeable; or debts due or not due from persons residing in Richmond or Henrico, will be taken in payment, or a considerable deduction from a credit price will be made for cash. N. B. & I. SHEPPARD. July 15. (tf)
WANTED.
TWO Boys about the age of fourteen, wanted as apprentices to the gold and silver-smith's business, by JOHNSON & REAT. August 5. tf
APPRENTICES WANTED.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of John Hoomes, dec'd. of the Bowling-Green, are requested to make them known, that provision may be made for a final settlement. And those indebted must make immediate payment to JOHN HOOMES, and JOHN G. WOOLFOLK, Executors of John Hoomes, dec'd. Jan. 29. (tf)
FOR SALE.
THE business will be continued by James Brown, of Richmond, Robert Rives, of Amherst county, and Henry Rives of this place, under the firm of Henry Rives & Co. who will pay all claims against the late concern of Jesse Higgensbotham & Co. JAMES BROWN, ROBERT RIVES, HENRY RIVES. Cairo, 1st August, 1806. sthS
FOR SALE.
IN virtue of a deed in trust, to me executed, by captain Fouché G. Tibb, for purposes therein mentioned; the whole of the property specified in said trust deed, consisting of a very valuable tract of LAND, several valuable Slaves, Household & Kitchen furniture, and Stock of various kinds. The Land lays in Essex county on Rappahannock river, ten miles below Tappahannock; very convenient to the best of fish, oysters and crabs, contains 333 3/4 acres, lays level and well adapted to the culture of tobacco, corn and small grain. There is on it a dwelling house in good repair, as also other convenient houses for a small family, valuable young orchards of peach and apple of choice fruits, belonging to the above tract; there is as much marsh as will afford hay in the greatest abundance, for one hundred and fifty head of cattle; the land is well watered and remarkably healthy. The sale will take place on the premises, on the 24th day of October next, and the terms fully made known on that day; a part of the purchase money for each article will be required in hand, by CHARLES BROWNE, Trustee. Essex, August 8. tf
FOR SALE.
A Likely young NEGRO MAN who has been accustomed to work in the crop—For terms apply at the Enquirer Office. August 1. tf
HANOVER JOCKEY CLUB.
THE Hanover Jockey Club having been organized, the races will commence at this place, on the 2nd. Wednesday in October next. 1st. Day—3 mile heats, free for any horse, mare, or gelding. 2nd. Day—2 mile heats, confined to untried colts, not exceeding 4 years of age. The regulations with respect to weights, &c. are adopted from those of the Fairfield Jockey Club. A general meeting of the Club, is requested on the day preceding the first day's race. SKELTON JONES, Secretary to the Club. (2d.3.) Hanover C.H. August 12.
FOR SALE.
INFORMS the Citizens of Richmond, and the public, he has just received at his Cabinet Manufactory near the Fire Insurance Office; a large assortment of Windsor Chairs and Settees, made in the newest fashion and by the best workmen in the state; any gentleman wishing to buy, will please send their orders or call at his Cabinet Manufactory, where they may get good warranted work, and on low terms, either in the Cabinet line or Windsor Chairs. June 6. tf
TO BE RENTED.
TWO fire proof WAREHOUSES, near the Basin. They will be rented together or separate, and if wished by the tenants will be fitted up for stores. JOHN WICKHAM. (Bw) August 22.
MONEY LOST.
THREE BANK NOTES—One No. 1534, Baltimore bank, dated 27th Nov. 1805, of 100 dollars—One No. 830, bank of Virginia, dated 10th May, 1805, of 5 dollars—One No. 1905, bank of Virginia, dated 7th February 1805, of 5 dollars. Whereas by a letter from James Mufchett, sen. merchant of Dumfries, Virginia, and a certificate from Timothy Brundage, Esq. Post-Master of the said town, directed to me, and describing the above notes; it appears that on the 28th day of July last, a letter directed to me by the said James Mufchett, sen. covering one hundred dollars, as above specified (being the amount of my wife's rent, at that place) was put in the Post-Office at the said Dumfries, and directed to this place. The White Climbins, Virginia. And whereas I have never received the said letter, I request all and any person having knowledge of the same, or any of the Post-Masters into whose Post-Offices it may have gone by mistake or miscarriage, to forward it to me; and I also request any person to whom the said notes may have passed to that date; the 100 dollar note I expect will be attended to, and persons holding that description of notes will serve humanity, and perhaps relieve distress in corresponding by put on the subject; and should the said letter have been stolen, I offer Fifty Dollars Reward on the recovery of the money and the detection of the thief. The Bank of Baltimore is respectfully solicited to attend to the 100 Dollar Note. FRANCIS GALVAN. Post-Master, White Climbins. August 22. 4t.
FOR SALE.
THE Lot and HOUSES whereon John Hamilton, Esq. the British Consul, resides; on it are a three story Dwelling-House, an Office and Kitchen, and other necessary Houses for family use; a Well of good Water, newly fitted, and a Garden lately pailed in a Wharf-house and Cellar under it; the remains of a Wharf, which will make a good foundation to build on; with all the privileges of lots situated on the river, of extending a wharf. Also—27 1/4 Acres of well timbered LAND, with a good Fishery on Willoughby's Bay, taking in the mouth and part of Mason's Creek, where the best of Oysters and Fish can be conveniently taken. Also—A LOT in Smithfield, between Mrs. Purdie's and Captain Todd's lots. For terms apply to THOMAS NEWTON. August 22. (tf)
NOTICE.
THE partnership of Jesse Higgensbotham & Co. this day dissolved by mutual consent; all persons who have accounts with the concern, are requested to come forward and settle them with Jesse Higgensbotham. BROWN, RIVES & Co. JESSE HIGGENBOTHAM. Cairo, 1st August, 1806.
FOR SALE.
THE Subscriber would dispose of a valuable MILL, (formerly belonging to Col. George Bird, deceased) situate near the upper end of Middlesex county, together with a tract of Land containing by a late survey, one hundred forty-six and a half acres, lying contiguous to, and immediately on the south bank of Rappahannock river, eighteen miles by low Tappahannock, eight below Bowler's ferry, and ten only above Urbanna; if not sold previous to Monday the fifteenth day of September (that being the first day of the next district court, to be held at King & Queen court-house,) if fair, otherwise the first fair day, it will be sold to the highest bidder (at the time and place before mentioned) and possession given the first of January next, on the following terms, to wit: One half of the purchase money to be paid on the day of sale, the balance in twelve months, secured by lien on the property, to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid. A description is deemed unnecessary, as it is presumed none would purchase without first viewing the fame. ROBERT BIRD. Hanover county, August 5. (13th Sept.)
VALUABLE LANDS—FOR SALE.
ON the 20th Sept. next, will be offered for sale, on the premises, to the highest bidder, on the following terms: that well known tract of Land, containing 1300 acres, to which are attached the invaluable Chalybeate Springs, commonly known by the name of the Amelia Springs; in point of fertility, the soil is equal to any in the neighbourhood; the buildings new and spacious, the situation agreeable, and uncommonly healthy. It being presumed, that those intending to purchase, will view the premises, which at any time before the sale, will be shewed them by Mr. H. Anderson, residing on the land; a further description is deemed unnecessary. The terms of sale will be 1/4 paid in hand, and the other two thirds in two annual payments. Complete and satisfactory security will be required of the purchaser. For the accommodation of the purchaser, liberty will be given to low wheat in September, and full possession given the 1st January, 1807. EXECUTORS. (1208. p.) August 19.
TO SPORTSMEN.
Will be sold publicly at the Bowling Green, on the 10th, day of October next (if not privately disposed of before that time) the following Stallions: BUZZARD—DARE DEVIL—ARCHDUKE, ESCAPE, by Precipitate out of a litter of Buzzard's—STORM, by Cormorant out of a Darlington mare. After which about thirty thorough bred brood Mares, Colts and Fillies. The terms of sale will be made known in a few weeks by JOHN G. WOOLFOLK and JOHN HOOMES, Executors of John Hoomes, dec'd. August 1. tf
20 DOLLARS REWARD.
FOR the apprehension of Moses, who ran away on the 3rd inst. He is about 30 years old, six feet high, of a yellow complexion, with two of his front teeth of the upper jaw out. He had on at the time he left home, a sailors jacket of blue cloth, and a pair of flannel drab trousers. As New-York has been his place of residence, for several years past, there is no doubt he will attempt to procure a passage thither. But I think it very probable, he is in Richmond, inasmuch as he has a wife there. The above reward, and all reasonable expenses paid, for the delivery of the said fellow. All masters of vessels and others, are forewarned from harbouring or carrying him out of this state. JOHN CRUMP. (ep2w.) Powhatan, August 22.
FOR SALE.
ALEXANDER STUART, Esquire, of Richmond, and Col. William Daniel, of Cumberland county, are so obliging as to undertake my law business. The former will give his attention to it in the federal court and in the court of appeals. The latter in the superior court of chancery for the Richmond district. CREED TAYLOR. (tf) July 18.
FOR SALE.
FOR SALE—on the lowest terms: 2500 Sacks of LIVERPOOL SALT, and 90 crates of LIVERPOOL EARTHEN WARE of superior quality & well assorted, just arrived in the ship Merchant, Captain JOHNSON, from Liverpool, at Bermuda Hundred—OVERTON ANDERSON. tf. May 23.
FOR SALE.
At public auction, on the premises, on Wednesday, 10th September next, (if not previously disposed of by private contract,) FIVE hundred and fifty acres LAND, situated in the upper end of Cumberland county, eighteen miles from the Court-House, three from Farmville, and one from a good manufacturing mill on Appomattox, now navigable almost to Petersburg. This LAND lies between itself, is in good order and inferior in quality to none east of the mountains; there is 10 or 12 acres meadow, handsomely set with timber, and about 20 acres more prepared for sowing next spring; in addition there is an extensive bed of Coal which to a person of capital would be highly valuable; one third the purchase money will be required in hand and the balance in two annual instalments. JOHN KELSO. tfd. August 12, 1806.
WANTED IMMEDIATELY.
AN Active Young Man to act as a BAR-KEEPER, to whom liberal wages will be given. Enquire at the Eagle Tavern. July 22. (tf)
A BARGAIN.
MAY be had in a Chariot, Harness, and pair of excellent horses—Enquire of the Editor. August 5. tf
FOR SALE.
BY virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed to us on the fourteenth day of February 1804, to secure a debt due from Col. Robert Goode to William B. Giles, WILL BE SOLD, to the highest bidder for ready money, on the premises, on the day of sale, the front door of the Eagle Tavern, in the city of Richmond: JOSEPH SCOTT, WM. MOSELEY, ROB. POLLARD, Trustees. August 15, 1806. tds
FOR SALE.
THE Subscriber would dispose of a valuable MILL, (formerly belonging to Col. George Bird, deceased) situate near the upper end of Middlesex county, together with a tract of Land containing by a late survey, one hundred forty-six and a half acres, lying contiguous to, and immediately on the south bank of Rappahannock river, eighteen miles by low Tappahannock, eight below Bowler's ferry, and ten only above Urbanna; if not sold previous to Monday the fifteenth day of September (that being the first day of the next district court, to be held at King & Queen court-house,) if fair, otherwise the first fair day, it will be sold to the highest bidder (at the time and place before mentioned) and possession given the first of January next, on the following terms, to wit: One half of the purchase money to be paid on the day of sale, the balance in twelve months, secured by lien on the property, to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid. A description is deemed unnecessary, as it is presumed none would purchase without first viewing the fame. ROBERT BIRD. Hanover county, August 5. (13th Sept.)
FOR SALE.
THE Lot and HOUSES whereon John Hamilton, Esq. the British Consul, resides; on it are a three story Dwelling-House, an Office and Kitchen, and other necessary Houses for family use; a Well of good Water, newly fitted, and a Garden lately pailed in a Wharf-house and Cellar under it; the remains of a Wharf, which will make a good foundation to build on; with all the privileges of lots situated on the river, of extending a wharf. Also—27 1/4 Acres of well timbered LAND, with a good Fishery on Willoughby's Bay, taking in the mouth and part of Mason's Creek, where the best of Oysters and Fish can be conveniently taken. Also—A LOT in Smithfield, between Mrs. Purdie's and Captain Todd's lots. For terms apply to THOMAS NEWTON. August 22. (tf)
NOTICE.
THE partnership of Jesse Higgensbotham & Co. this day dissolved by mutual consent; all persons who have accounts with the concern, are requested to come forward and settle them with Jesse Higgensbotham. BROWN, RIVES & Co. JESSE HIGGENBOTHAM. Cairo, 1st August, 1806.
FOR SALE.
THE Subscriber would dispose of a valuable MILL, (formerly belonging to Col. George Bird, deceased) situate near the upper end of Middlesex county, together with a tract of Land containing by a late survey, one hundred forty-six and a half acres, lying contiguous to, and immediately on the south bank of Rappahannock river, eighteen miles by low Tappahannock, eight below Bowler's ferry, and ten only above Urbanna; if not sold previous to Monday the fifteenth day of September (that being the first day of the next district court, to be held at King & Queen court-house,) if fair, otherwise the first fair day, it will be sold to the highest bidder (at the time and place before mentioned) and possession given the first of January next, on the following terms, to wit: One half of the purchase money to be paid on the day of sale, the balance in twelve months, secured by lien on the property, to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid. A description is deemed unnecessary, as it is presumed none would purchase without first viewing the fame. ROBERT BIRD. Hanover county, August 5. (13th Sept.)
VALUABLE LANDS—FOR SALE.
ON the 20th Sept. next, will be offered for sale, on the premises, to the highest bidder, on the following terms: that well known tract of Land, containing 1300 acres, to which are attached the invaluable Chalybeate Springs, commonly known by the name of the Amelia Springs; in point of fertility, the soil is equal to any in the neighbourhood; the buildings new and spacious, the situation agreeable, and uncommonly healthy. It being presumed, that those intending to purchase, will view the premises, which at any time before the sale, will be shewed them by Mr. H. Anderson, residing on the land; a further description is deemed unnecessary. The terms of sale will be 1/4 paid in hand, and the other two thirds in two annual payments. Complete and satisfactory security will be required of the purchaser. For the accommodation of the purchaser, liberty will be given to low wheat in September, and full possession given the 1st January, 1807. EXECUTORS. (1208. p.) August 19.
TO SPORTSMEN.
Will be sold publicly at the Bowling Green, on the 10th, day of October next (if not privately disposed of before that time) the following Stallions: BUZZARD—DARE DEVIL—ARCHDUKE, ESCAPE, by Precipitate out of a litter of Buzzard's—STORM, by Cormorant out of a Darlington mare. After which about thirty thorough bred brood Mares, Colts and Fillies. The terms of sale will be made known in a few weeks by JOHN G. WOOLFOLK and JOHN HOOMES, Executors of John Hoomes, dec'd. August 1. tf
FROM THE WESTERN WORLD.
The Kentucky Spanish Association, Blount's Conspiracy, and General Miranda's expedition. NO. II.
The short statement which we have already given of the commencement of the first of these traitorous schemes, has, as we expected, drawn upon us the avowed enmity of several individuals, who, although not named by us, yet, conscious of the part they acted in the negotiation with Gardoque, felt their minds roused to the memory of guilt and the blackest treason. But it is with the most lively satisfaction we learn, that we have received in general the thanks of our fellow citizens, and proffers of the warmest support in the arduous task we have undertaken, of dragging before the public the enemies of our country; whether guarded by the enigmas of military power, reclined at ease in mansions erected upon Spanish bribes, or protected by the feet of justice.
It was our intention and is still our design, to touch merely upon those characters who are absolutely necessary to be named, in order to explain the history of this conspiracy. We were inclined to allow many others, equally guilty, to pass the remainder of their prostituted days unnoticed; believing that the recollection of the early period of their life being devoted to fraud and treason, would in the decline of age be its itself a sufficient punishment.
But whenever any individual, relying upon his wealth, upon the supposed respectability of his character, upon the imaginary influence he has among the citizens of the state, or upon the more slender protection of venerable deportment, volunteers himself to be called forward; let him recollect, that Kentucky is not yet a Spanish province; that we have neither dukes, marquises, or dons among us, to consign authors to the dungeons of the inquisition, or send printers in chains to the row-galleys.
His Honour Judge Sebastian, in his reason had ever risen to a par with his passions, would have seriously reflected upon these circumstances, before he pronounced a few days since his phillippic against the editors of the Western World. If his prudence had not entirely deserted him, he would have remembered the old vulgar proverb; "Those who live in glass houses ought not to throw stones." He would have recollected the name of the gentleman who was appointed by the conspirators their commissioner at the court of Madrid; and most seriously would he have pondered on that part of a toast given at Frankfort on the fourth of July: "Those Judges of the Kentucky courts, whose integrity has never been stained by Spanish gold."
With this memento to Judge Sebastian, we now proceed with our narration. After General Washington was acquainted by Col. Marshall with the several particulars of the proposal made by Gardoque and Col. Conolly, and the names of their partisans in Kentucky, he caused Dr. Stewart of Alexandria, the son-in-law of Mrs. Washington, to address a letter to the speaker of the house of representatives on the subject. A committee of enquiry was in consequence appointed; but the artful manner in which the affair was managed by the agents, which we have procured the correspondence between General Washington and Col. Marshall, with Dr. Stuart's letter and the speaker's answer, which we are in hopes of having before our history of the conspiracy be concluded.
On Conolly's arrival in Canada, the celebrated General Bowles, then at Montreal, was fixed upon by Lord Dorchester, as the most proper person to carry his scheme into execution in Kentucky and the western territory. Under the fictitious name of Drummond, he came into Kentucky in the fall of 1799; staid several weeks at Lexington and Louisville, and afterwards proceeded down the Mississippi to the Cherokee and Creek nations, in order to withdraw their attachment from the Spanish government, and transfer their interest to the support of G. B. thinking that these savage tribes would be a powerful instrument to subdue the party in Kentucky inimical to the British interest. With this view he carried nine or eleven of the principal chiefs to London in 1799, where they remained about six months. Here Bowles and Miranda were introduced to each other. Miranda had been alternately between Paris and London for several years previous to this period, courting both the revolutions of France and the minister of G. B. for employment. Had the affair of Nootka Sound not been settled, he probably would have been landed in California or New Mexico with a British army; but this commercial dispute having been adjusted, all expectations of a rupture with Spain were terminated. We have not learned the particulars which finally determined him at this time to accept of a command in the French army, and to abandon his idea of conquering New-Spain; but certain it is he left the British court in disgust and came to Paris, where he became known to Joel Barlow, then an agent for the Ohio Land Company. Many of the members of the Ohio Land Company were active leaders in the Kentucky Spanish association; but we have strong reasons for believing that Barlow himself was entirely a stranger to the conspiracy. The mind of this gentleman is too much occupied with poetical reveries and political disquisitions ever to make a confidential conspirator or good intriguer. It was, however, the wish of many of his employers that the Ohio State should be peopled with Frenchmen, thinking that those people being prejudiced against American manners and customs, they would more easily be induced to take a part against the citizens of the union. But Barlow, in place of attending to the object of his mission, set off on a revolutionising expedition to the mountains of Savoy, and left the affairs of the Ohio Company in the hands of a Scotchman of the name of William Playfair, author of a work entitled "The History of Anti-Jacobinism." Playfair had been employed for several years in France as a British spy, and therefore was acquainted by the minister of his court how to conduct himself in every case. He acquitted himself on this occasion in a manner, though not the most honourable, that completely defeated both the plan of Joel Barlow and his company. * See a letter addressed to the people of Piedmont, by Joel Barlow, written at Chambery in Savoy, in December 1799, printed in French at Greenoble; in Italian at Nice

In place of contracting with French peasantry to purchase the Ohio lands, the only class of people whom they would have suited; he contrived to persuade about twelve hundred of the lower class of Parisians, composed of barbers, fiddlers, and bakers, and such as he knew were least acquainted with agriculture, to take shares at fifty guineas each; for which they were to receive a specified number of acres and their passage to America. Having embarked this motley and frivolous company on board of three vessels bound for Alexandria; Playfair pocketed their money and set off for England, leaving Joel Barlow to account to his employers for the purchase money, and the Frenchmen to seek for the acres where they could be found. The unhappy foreigners landed at the destined port, and were conducted by a person of the name of Le Turek to the mouth of the Kenhawa. Instead of rich fields and vineyards, which they had figured to their imagination, they found themselves in the midst of immeasurable woods, exposed to the inroads of the savages and to the wants of nature. Discouraged with their situation and seeing no other prospect more flattering, the greater number embarked for New Orleans, and thus disappointed the original views of the company.
Returning from this disgrace to General Wilkinson, we shall next consider his agency in the conspiracy, until the death of Gen. Wayne, in 1796. General Washington being convinced from the information of Col. Marshall, of the existence of a Spanish association in Kentucky, and of the strength of the party, adopted a policy which may be censured by a few, but which, owing to the circumstances of the times, was certainly the most prudent which he could pursue, after the committee of enquiry in Congress had qualified the investigation. He appointed Wilkinson, in 1791, to a colonel's commission at Fort Washington, under Gen. Wayne; having instructed Gen. Wayne, of his character, and requested of him to use every possible endeavour to procure all documents which would tend to develop the plans of the conspirators. The correspondence between Washington and Wayne on the subject, with all the documents which Wayne procured, and which sufficiently explain the views of the association, are now in the possession of the son of Gen. Wayne, viz. Isaac Wayne, Esq. attorney at law, in Chester county, Pennsylvania.
The enmity which Wilkinson and his friends bore to the citizens of Kentucky, who opposed their views, cannot be better illustrated, than by citing the death of the unfortunate Col. Hardin. This brave officer and patriotic citizen had uniformly opposed the views of Gen. Wilkinson, and was most active in detecting the enemies of the conspirators. To get rid of such a formidable opponent, was, therefore, the earnest wish of the party. Charges of cowardice were purposely whispered about and preferred against him, particularly by Gen. Wilkinson, who publicly arraigned his conduct under Gen. Harmer. An occasion afterwards occurred, which gave Wilkinson, as he said, an opportunity of putting Hardin's bravery to the test. A treaty was required to be effected with the Indian tribes, and Wilkinson fixed upon Hardin for this purpose, to carry a flag of truce from Cincinnati to the Sanduski villages, without adopting any previous means of apprizing the savages of the peaceable intentions of Kentucky. The event was, as might have been expected; poor Hardin was massacred by the first party he met; and thus was a powerful obstacle to the views of the Kentucky association, treacherously and basely removed.
A circumstance happened in the fall of 1792, which afforded the people the first proofs of the importation of Spanish gold among the party. This was the murder of a man of the name of ... who was carrying from the Spanish governor at New Orleans, the sum of six thousand dollars in specie, to Wilkinson. The crew, who were four Spanish soldiers, after killing Owens, made their escape; but two of them were taken and bro't before Judge Innis, who remanded them to Gen. Wilkinson, then at Fort Washington. The latter, although the murder was committed within the American territories, attempted to return the prisoners to Giozo at Natchez. But major Doyle, who commanded at Fort Mafac, knowing his duty, took them into custody, and ordered them for Lexington, where they underwent a trial, but were acquitted, from the want of sufficient evidence. The particular sums of the six thousand dollars were, however, fully substantiated on the trial; which would never have been heard of, if the murderers had not been carried to Lexington; and he concealment most probably was Wilkinson's motive for ordering them to New Orleans. Gen. Washington having been informed of the circumstance, demanded an explanation from Wilkinson, who in vindication alleged, that the six thousand dollars were sent as a compensation from the Spanish government to him for the trouble he had taken and the expense he had incurred in establishing a tobacco trade between Kentucky and New Orleans. That he had presented to the Spanish court a memorial for that purpose, setting forth that his losses were equivalent to twenty thousand dollars, and the six thousand of which he had been robbed were the only remuneration yet granted.
The importation of another considerable sum to the party in 1795, was ascertained by the officer sent by General Wayne to take possession of the Spanish forts of Walnut Hills, Natchez and Chickasaw Bluffs, in consequence of an agreement to that effect entered into between Gen. Wayne and the Baron de Coronault, Governor General of Louisiana. The latter had agreed that they should be delivered up in October, 1795, in consequence of which captain ... was ordered to take possession. In descending the Ohio he fell in with Alfred Sebastian, a son of Judge Sebastian, and at present an officer under Wilkinson. This young associate had been sent express with private dispatches from Wilkinson to Giozo, but his skiff having been stove near the mouth of the Ohio, Captain ... took him on board his boat and landed him at New Madrid. Alfred expressed great uneasiness at first, left capt. ... should seize his dispatches, and was commencing an earnest supplication for their preservation, when capt. ... assured him he had no such intentions, but if his orders had been such, his entreaties should be of no avail. At New Madrid young Alfred was met by a Doctor Powers, who had in charge a sum of money for Wilkinson. This Powers was a native of Great-Britain, and had been employed for several years as the mutual agent of Giozo & Wilkinson. Alfred set off immediately with his dispatches, upon the receipt of which by Giozo, intelligence was forwarded to New Madrid from the governor general of Louisiana, that the forts could not be given up, as had been agreed upon. The excuse offered was, that the river was too low and the artillery could not be floated off. To this circumstance President Adams alludes in his speech to Congress 23d of November, 1797. "I have entertained an expectation that it would have been in my power, at the opening of the session, to have communicated to you the agreeable information of the due execution of our treaty with his Catholic Majesty, respecting the withdrawal of his troops from our territory, and the demarcation of the line of limits. But by the latest authentic intelligence, Spanish garrisons were still continued within our country, and the running of the boundary line had not been commenced. These circumstances are the more to be regretted, as they cannot fail to effect the Indians in a manner injurious to the United States. Still, however, indulging the hope that the answers which have been given will remove the objection offered by the Spanish officers to the immediate execution of the treaty, I judged it proper that we should continue in a state of readiness to receive the posts, and to run the line of limits."
Alfred Sebastian did not return for two years, but is said during his absence to have acted as an officer in the Spanish force at New Orleans. Among the various documents, which were collected by General Wayne, relative to the conspiracy, is a letter from major Green, of Natchez, proving in the most satisfactory manner that Wilkinson during his command at Fort Washington, also held a general's commission in the Spanish service. Mr. Elliot who was employed to run the line, procured documents of the like import, which were delivered to the executive. The death of Gen. Wayne, which happened in the end of 1796, and the expiration of the presidency of Gen. Washington alone prevented the trial of Wilkinson on charges of treason. No sooner was Mr. Adams elected, than Gen. Wilkinson hurried to Philadelphia to obtain the favour of the new president. The pomp, parade, and artful address of Wilkinson soon gained upon John Adams, and he was induced to believe that many of the machinations of himself and his party, were the attempts of foreign agents to alienate the affections of the Indian nations and to excite them to actual hostilities against the United States.
It will be recollected that the Indians at this period were worked upon and tampered with by many different parties. There were agents among them from the Kentucky association, procuring the interest of those in favor of Spain. General Bowles was active among the Creeks and Cherokees, as likewise were the partizans of Governor Blount, for the purpose of exciting them to commence hostilities against the subjects of Spain in the Floridas and Louisiana. The emitters of Genet were equally busy, but with contrary views. The several interests of these parties in Congress, sufficiently explain the lengthy discussion which took place in the session of 1797, on the motion of Mr. Harper for an address to the communications of the President. Several days were taken up in wording the following paragraph:
"The United States have been faithful in the performance of their obligations to Spain, and had reason to expect a compliance equally prompt on the part of that power. We still, however, indulge the hope that the convincing answers which have been given to the objections stated by the Spanish officers to the immediate execution of the treaty, will have their proper effect, and that this treaty, so mutually beneficial to the contracting parties, will be finally observed with good faith. We therefore entirely approve of your determination to continue in readiness to secure the posts, and to run the line of partition between our territory and that of the king of Spain. Attempts to alienate the affections of the Indians, to form them into actual hostility against the United States, whether made by foreign agents or by others, are so injurious to our interests at large, and so inhuman with respect to our citizens inhabiting the adjacent territory, as to deserve the most exemplary punishment, and we will cheerfully afford our aid in framing a law which may render a punishment adequate to the commission of crimes so heinous."
One of the Editors being informed by Mr. Brown, that Governor Greenup has written a letter softening in part his conversation with respect to him, we beg leave to lay before the public the following communication from Mr. Hopkins, who was requested to favour us with his sentiments on the subject, having been present during the whole of the conversation between Governor Greenup and J. W. Leavitt. Our subscribers to decide on the preference which ought to be given to the weight of testimony; we shall conclude at present, and continue our investigation of the conspiracy next paper.
Frankfort, 9th July, 1806.
GENTLEMEN, Agreeable to your request, I feel no hesitation in communicating my impressions arising from the conversation between governor Greenup and Mr. Wood, relative to the "Kentucky Spanish association," during the whole of which, I was present.
I have a clear recollection that the statement contained in the first number of the Western World, is in substance, correct: & from the willingness with which the governor seemed to impart the information, I am much astonished at a denial of any part of it. With regard to the passage to which you particularly called my attention, I well remember that governor Greenup stated that he conversed with Mr. Brown on the subject of the propositions of the Spanish minister, and that Mr. Brown "seemed in a guarded manner to approve of them;" but on the Governor's "expressing his abhorrence at the scheme," all communication afterwards, between him and any of the party, was entirely cut off.
I deprecate the circumstance that has imposed the necessity of this application, and the more especially, because I had thought it would never exist; but, unappalled at the idea of incurring the displeasure of the great, if you deem this letter important to your cause, you are hereby privileged to make use of it.
I am, Gentlemen, with respect, Your humble Servant, S. G. HOPKINS.
To the Editors of the Western World.
Documents in opposition to the "Western World."
FROM THE FRANKFORT PALLADIUM.
MR. HUNTER, The Editors of "The Western World," having refused to insert the annexed note in that paper, I have to request you, sir, to publish it in your impartial Palladium as soon as possible. Since the above refusal of the Editors of the Western World, their second number has appeared, wherein to justify their conduct, they have inserted a certificate signed by a boy named S. G. Hopkins. I therefore with the note to be considered as also applying to that publication. By way of preface to Hopkins's certificate, the editors say "that one of them was informed by Mr. Brown that I had softened in part" my conversation with respect to him" --This I believe to be another fallacy. I positively denied the statement of the conversation to be true. When editors are driven to such pitiful subterfuges, it is difficult to determine
whether they deserve most my commiseration or contempt. CHRISTO. GREENUP. 14th July, 1806.
To the Editors of the Western World. From the conversation I had with you on the evening of the day on which the first number of your paper appeared, I did expect, from your promise, that you would have corrected the erroneous statements you had inserted in that paper respecting a conversation (which you were not authorised to publish) that passed between one of you and myself, concerning Mr. Brown and others. Understanding that you are not likely to do so, I think proper to declare, that I did not in that conversation, say that Mr. Brown "in a guarded manner approved" of Gardoque's propositions, or any words like it. Mr. Brown merely related Gardoque's conversation with him--neither approving or disapproving the same--That I did not say General Wilkinson's memorial contained "about eighty pages"--But I did say, and do now say, that I knew nothing of the individuals who were to fill the several places of honor under the Spanish government in Kentucky, but by the information of the late Colonel Marshall. At the time Mr. Wood spoke to me on the above subject, I had not seen the statement of the propositions alleged to have been made by Mr. Gardoque to Mr. Brown, and therefore, could not say, that his statement in conversation with me, corresponded with them--I now say it did not. CHRISTO. GREENUP. July 11th, 1806.
[It is a duty we owe to observe, that Mr. S. G. Hopkins is stated to be at least 23 years old.]
[CERTIFICATE.]
Having observed in the Western World a publication in which Mr. John Brown is charged with having been engaged in a treasonable conspiracy, to transfer and subject this country to the dominion of Spain, and having seen with surprise that a letter written to me in 1788, by Mr. Brown, is referred to as containing the evidence of his guilt, I do in justice to Mr. Brown, hereby declare that I never received from him any communication either written or verbal, which could authorise or justify the statement contained in that publication.
In the year 1788, when the application of the people of Kentucky to be admitted into the union as an independent state, was depending before Congress, Mr. Brown was a member of that body; and was, as I have reason to believe, very anxious that Kentucky should be received into the Union as a state, and used his best exertions to effect that object.
After that application had been laid over for the consideration of the new government, Mr. Brown wrote me a letter informing me of the fate of the application, and stating the reasons in his opinion of the failure. In that letter was enclosed a paper containing a statement in the hand writing of Mr. Brown of which the following is the substance, and to the best of my recollection, the very words made use of, viz.
"In a conversation I had with Mr. Gardoque, the Spanish minister, relative to the navigation of the Mississippi, he stated that if the people of Kentucky would erect themselves into an independent state, and appoint a proper person to negotiate with him, that he had authority for that purpose, and would enter into an arrangement with them for the exportation of their produce to New Orleans on terms of mutual advantage."
That paper contained the above statement of Gardoque's remarks or , for Mr. Brown supposed no observations expressive either of his approbation or disapprobation, which induced me to conclude that it had been forwarded merely for information. Mr. Brown never intimated to me, either at that time or any other, that Mr. Gardoque had ever on any presence made him any propositions tending to a personal aggrandizement, as has been erroneously suggested in the Western World. And as to the alleged project of subjecting Kentucky to the government of Spain, and of raising an army to assist in a revolt against the United States, I do declare that nothing of the kind was ever suggested to me by Mr. Brown, nor to the best of my recollection did I ever hear that such ideas were at any time advanced or advocated by him or any other person in the Western country, until I saw the charges published in the Western World.
I regret very much that it is not in my power at present to find the letter and paper above mentioned, I fear they are lost or destroyed. About ten years ago I removed to Jessamine, from Mercer county, and left my son Joseph in possession of my house in which I left a large bundle of old letters and papers. Three or four years after my removal, my son informed me that all the old letters and papers I had left behind were destroyed; and as I cannot find the letter and paper referred to among the papers now in my possession, I suspect they were among those left in Mercer county. SAM. M'DOWELL. August 4, 1806.
The editors of the Western World have attempted to refute the preceding Certificate by the following remarks and letter:
In giving a place to the foregoing certificate, from the Palladium, by Mr. Samuel M'Dowell, we beg leave to subscribe a letter which we wrote to Mr. Wood, dated the 26th of July, 1806. In this letter it is to be observed, that Mr. Mac Dowell never once expresses his surprise at the statement given in the Western World. He only requests J W to set the matter in a proper light with respect to him (Samuel M'Dowell), but never once desires him to alter the statement with respect to Mr. Brown. If Mr. M'Dowell had then imagined that the Western World had exhibited false charges against Mr. Brown, he certainly would have had the generosity for Brown, to have desired J W to correct them. So far, however, from this, he is perfectly silent with regard to Mr. Brown's innocence, & withholds his accuser the greatest prosperity. We should not have thought ourselves at liberty to publish this letter of Mr. M'Dowell to J W had not the foregoing contradictory certificate appeared in the Palladium, which we suppose originated from the same cause as the retraction of governor Greenup.
Jessamine County, July 26, 1806.
DEAR Sir, When I spoke to you in Frankfort, last week, you told me my paper (that is the Western World) would be sent regularly to Nicholsonville, by the post; and I have called at the post-office, but find none of my papers--I am afraid they are stopped on the way here, by some person. Please to send me the papers, if possible, as I wish to have them. Mr. Talbot told me when I subscribed, at Woodford, he would pay my subscription when the first number was published; he has not I will pay you the first time I see you.
You mention my name in the first number; and as some people think by that statement about the letter from Brown to me, you meant to implicate me, or make it appear as tho' I was one of the conspirators. As the matter seems doubtful, I would thank you to set the matter in a clear light, as I am conscious of my own innocence. And I do not think myself implicated by what is said in the first number of your paper. After my best wishes for your prosperity, believe me to be your friend, and very humble servant. SAM. M'DOWELL.
FOR PORT GLASGOW, The fine fast-sailing American ship JAMES COOK, Capt. COX--will sail about the 5th to the 10th proxo. For passage only, having good accommodations, apply to the capt. on board, at Bermuda Hundred, or to JAMES F. LEITCH & Co. Manchester, September 2. (1tp.)
Foreign Intelligence.
BALTIMORE, August 27.
Last evening we were politely favored with Liverpool papers to the 3d and London to the 31st of July, both inclusive, received by the ship Abena, capt. Hobson, in 51 days from Liverpool. The only articles of any interest in these papers are the following.
LONDON, July 1.
The Omnium was at twelve o'clock this day, at 1-2, and the other funds were in the same proportion. After our paper was put to press yesterday, we learned that dispatches had been received from France, forwarded by lord Keith, from off Boulogne. We repeat, that a negotiation is in train, and that it is the cause of the improved state of the funds.
Rumor states, that the Lords, who compose the secret committee, have completed the important state inquiry, to which they were delegated under the king's Privy Seal, and are expected to make a report of their proceedings to his majesty at Buckingham-house to-morrow. We understand that such report will be confined merely to the minutes of evidence taken before them, without any opinion whatever founded thereon. It will remain, therefore, with the sovereign, to take such further steps, as, under the advice of his Privy council, his majesty may deem expedient.
We received, yesterday, a letter from a respectable house at Haaburg. It gives the following article, which, it adds, was communicated by the French minister in that city, as the outline of the expected changes on the continent.
NEW CONSTITUTION OF GERMANY.
"Bavaria, Wirtemberg, Baden, which is to be considerably aggrandized, Nassau, and some other districts, comprising the country all along the Rhine, to form a federative body, under the immediate protection of France."
"Switzerland to be divided. One-third to be given to Baden, one-third to the kingdom of Italy, and one-third to France."
"Denmark and Sweden, excluded from Germany, and from all deliberative influence in its affairs. The former to remain distinct for itself; the latter to be treated, as to Pomerania, and Mecklenburg are both to fall to Prussia; which, with Austria, are independent powers, and on their own bottoms, without regard to the former system of the empire. The emperor of the latter to resign his title of chief of the German empire remaining only emperor of his own states."
"Hamburg, and some say all Holstein, Bremen, and Lubeck, federative and independent, under the protection of France, whose emperor is to enjoy in those territories henceforward, the same sovereignty which the emperor of Germany formerly exercised. The inhabitants of this federative state shall be called the Franks, being the land where the ancient Franks sprang from."
"Diet of the empire to be abolished."
"Saxony, not mentioned."
"These alterations to take place immediately; the army then to be called back to assist at the grand festivals at Paris, which are to take place very shortly."
Yesterday afternoon Wednesday's Hamburg mail arrived. Its contents are neither copious nor decisive. It appears that a correspondence has commenced between the kings of Sweden and Prussia, the purport of which has not yet transpired. No counter-orders have as yet been issued by Prussia to the garrisons of Berlin and Potsdam, which still hold themselves in readiness to march. General Kalkreuth's health being impaired, it is said that prince Louis Ferdinand will take the command of the corps under the orders of that general.
At Hamburg, letters have been received from Russia, stating that several Swedish frigates had appeared before Memel, Dantzick, and other Prussian ports in the Baltic, in order to blockade them. The captain who has the command before Dantzick informed the pilots, that he would suffer all Danish ships to enter, and those laden with corn only to come out.
July 2.
On some motions for papers respecting India, made yesterday in the house of lords by the earl of Westmoreland, in the absence of lord Melville, it was stated by lord Minto, that no correspondence, except verbal communication, had taken place between the board of control and the court of directors, since the issuing of his majesty's warrant for vacating the commission of the governor general and council of Bengal.
Yesterday policies were opened in the city, giving 5 guineas to receive 100, if preliminaries be signed within a week, and be actually followed by a peace; and 15 guineas to receive 100, if preliminaries be signed within two months.
The flocks have experienced a rise to day: Consols are up to 64; reduced, at 62 5-8; Omnium is up to 7; a rise of one half per cent. since yesterday.
Negotiation.--The rise of flocks has occasioned some speculation, which has at the same time operated as a cause. We believe that the vast sums lodged within these few weeks by foreigners, in our funds, have produced the rise in their price. This influx of money has been the result of two causes; the first, the exemption of foreign property from the income tax; the latter, the hostility deeply felt, though fully expressed, of the Dutch to their new monarch.
We give the title of negotiation to this article, because we believe that some attempts at negotiation have been made, insidious on one side and suspected by the other. "There needs, indeed, no ghost come from the grave to tell us," that peace is the policy of Bonaparte; because, in peace alone, he can carry on his transmarine projects; because, in peace alone, he can diminish the British navy and raise his own. We believe that he offers to make some apparent sacrifices at the shrine of peace; we believe that he will offer to restore Hanover to this country. This is apparent indulging us in a point of honor; but really obtaining the end of his wishes by flanking the vitals of the interest of this country. For the restoration of Hanover he will require the cession of the Cape of Good Hope, perhaps of Malta itself. He knows that he can resume the possession of Hanover whenever he pleases to exact another political contribution from this country, and that it will be difficult for us to retake the Cape, and impossible to regain Malta. We have too high an opinion of the good sense, abilities and patriotism of our ministers, to believe them capable of making cessions of so important a nature, for an acquisition precarious in every respect but a name. The only equivalent that we can fairly give for Hanover, is the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon on the coast of Newfoundland, which we can as easily take on the breaking out of a war, as the French can possess Hanover.
Peace will not check the ambitious design and progress of the emperor of the French. Causes and pretexts are always preparing in the crucible of his mind, to produce the most extraordinary and unanticipated effects. Thus, having taken possession of Venice, he claims all places which at any period of history belonged to that state; by this sweeping claim, Candia, Corfu, the Morea and the Archipelago, are to become a part of his dominions. As a link in the same chain of argument, he will demand the great part of the continent of Europe, Asia and Africa, because they once made a part of the empire of Rome, a city, of which he is in possession. Let not our serious reader start! Let not levity laugh! We believe these extravagant views to be within the ken of his imagination; and that the prospect is not bounded even by the acquisition of the British Islands. He is now fomenting differences between Spain and America, that he may when peace with England enables him to cross the Atlantic, resume the possession of Louisiana, & by degrees spread his legions over the United States.
Multis veniunt in dies in a state of war? The secret of a moment may sweep away all the projects, and restore peace to the world. The Antipodes, Solomon's, Berdicea's, will probably destroy the fabric of usurpation, by separate interests, claims and partitions, and leave to France her natural and social limits. Much as we wish for such an event, we most solemnly deprecate any secret conspiracy that would hasten it. Open, generous hostility is the character of this character of this country; and we believe none of our countrymen were privy to the late real attempts, which have been so industriously hushed, as the factitious plots have been circulated.
In the meantime we recommend economy to the government, and unanimity to our countrymen. We can cure the former that the latter might expect no false peace at this period; that the people of England will strain every nerve, will submit every privation, in order to co-operate with the measures of government, planned by political capacity, conducted with out-profusion, and executed with energy and courage.
The report in the city yesterday was, that Mr. Fox had sent his confidential secretary after Mr. Adair to Vienna, with instructions, by which the latter may be enabled to open a communication with Mr. D'Oubril, the Russian minister at that city, and conditionally proceed with him to Paris. The funds were not much affected by this new rumour.
Baron Jacobi, the Prussian ambassador, has applied for his passport, preparatory to his leaving this country for Berlin.
We are happy at having it in our power to acquaint our readers that Mr. Fox was yesterday far recovered as to be able to sit down to dinner with the earl of Moira, lord Holland, lady Louisa Cavendish, and a few other friends.
Government has received advices from Mr. Stanley, the British consul at Trieste, stating, that a convention had been concluded at that place, bearing date the 29th of May, which noticed, that such English and Russian vessels as might be in the port of Trieste, or any of the ports of the Adriatic, were to quit them in the space of three days, unless prevented from so doing by stress of weather; and that the said ports would continue shut against the English and Russians.
Corn Exchange, July 2.--At the new market, this day, which is open on Wednesdays, during the repairs of the principal, there are not many supplies of corn in general; the samples of wheat of inferior quality still remain almost without buyers; the terms of flour have small fluctuation, and the few sales made of corn, have but little variation from the prices quoted on Monday.
LIVERPOOL, July 3.
By the bill now pending respecting the abolishing of certain fees and holidays at the Custom-house all the red-letter days in the calendar, except the birth days of their majesties, Good-Friday, and Christmas Day, will be abolished.
The hay harvest, in several parts of the country, is reported to be very plentiful; and as to the corn there never was a finer prospect of an abundant crop.
It is extraordinary how time adds to the value of some things: a brass half crown , of James II. coined in Ireland, lately sold for ten guineas.
At a sale of the effects of the late Mr. Prankland, of Suffolk, a lord-stone sold for 150l. an Orrey for 50l. and a Turning Lobe for one thousand and sixty pounds. [Lon. p. p.]
Domestic Intelligence.
FROM THE SALEM REGISTER.
E Pluribus Unum.
The following propositions are respectfully submitted to the consideration of the members of the legislative and executive government of the United States, as examples of specific corrections of evils obtained from the British laws of trade, executive orders and course of practice. It will be observed, that some of these propositions are incompatible with others, being freely proposed for mere consideration as alternative remedies for the same evils. Other propositions will no doubt be suggested, and may be preferable to any of these, or to each of them.
1.
As Great-Britain imposes a duty of 4 per cent on manufactured exports from thence to this country; under pretence of convoy, (restraining from a like burden on her supplies to other countries, as it is said) it is proposed that no draw back shall be allowed on the exports of such goods of Great-Britain as are not made out of our American raw materials, nor on such as are imported into this country on account of British subjects. For example--India cotton stuffs, India Silks, British and Irish woolens, flax, linens, leather goods, hats, and wares of metal, are proposed to be excluded from drawback, and all British goods when imported actually or in trust, on the account of British subjects. The last of these regulations to be in force while such exports are made from Great-Britain to America are subjected to the four per cent duty.
2.
A duty with drawback, (that is, a consumption duty less a consumption duty) of twenty-five per cent, is proposed, as the minimum upon all goods of the growth, produce or manufacture of the British dominions, possessions or dependencies, in all cases, except those wherein the duty is already higher in the form of ad valorem duty, or duty upon specified goods, and except the first articles. This duty is to encourage American manufacturing of the raw materials but (by the recent British orders) out of the continent of Europe, and to make up the deficiency of revenue upon goods which are prevented from importing from the continent of Europe by the exclusion therefrom of our ships and cargoes.
3.
The prohibition of the importation of goods in British vessels from any ports but their own; and of every kind, but of their own growth, produce or manufacture--to make up the loss of the carrying trade of which they deprive us by the illegitimate exclusion of our ships from many parts of the European continent, and to counterbalance a similar restriction in the British navigation laws of the 17th century.
CETERA MANENT.
FRENCH FLEET!
On Tuesday last, P. M. a considerable Fleet, in which were five line Battle Ships , were seen, from a central wharves, going into Boston, or nearly so. course.--They were not discovered, however, by a

persons that were at that time in the Bay, from which we conclude it must be a French Fleet, (probably the one commanded by citoyen Jerome Bonaparte) as the flags of that Republic have the singular faculty of making themselves invisible upon the water. Salem pap. August 22.
Sir John Brelaf Warren's squadron was off Ancon the 7th July, and intended to remain in that quarter for the protection of the Islands, in case Jerome Bonaparte should suddenly return there. Boston, August 21.—The Tunisian Ambassador has taken his passage on board the ship Two Brothers, for Tunis, and will sail in a few days. This vessel has, we are informed, been chartered by the government of the United States, for the purpose of taking home his excellency; his baggage, presents, and the effects of his suite, have been removed from the United States brig Franklin, on board this ship, and will form the principal part of her cargo.
PHILADELPHIA, August 23. We were misinformed in stating, yesterday, that the whole of the crews of the two Schooners belonging to Miranda, had been put to death by the Spanish government of Caracas: their fate, however, is equally deplorable. The following, whom we presume held commissions under Miranda, were put to death, and their heads exhibited, as stated yesterday, a few days previous to the falling of the Endymion; the remaining 48 were sentenced to ten years imprisonment in the mines.— JAMES LEDLIE, formerly of this city.—He was induced to join the expedition at Port-au-Prince, and is said to have had the commission of a major. He was naturally fond of enterprize. MR. LIPPINCOTT—a young gentleman of amiable and respectable connections in this city. He also joined the expedition at Port-au-Prince; and was no doubt seduced into the fatal project.
Capt. DONAHUE, also of this city, who has left a wife and small family, to deplore his unhappy end. He commanded a vessel belonging to this port; and urged by the infatuating temptations of Miranda's agents, abandoned her at Port-au-Prince, and entered into a cause which has cost him his life.
MR. GEORGE KIRKLAND.—This gentleman was formerly a captain in the Provisional Army of the U. States, but was discharged on the reduction of that establishment. He was afterwards concerned in the publication of the Washington Federalist. He was not deficient in many of the ornamental and useful accomplishments of literature. He afterwards commenced commercial business in this city, but proving unfortunate, adventured to Hayti, with a view, it is said, of offering his military talents to Dessalines. He there joined Miranda, and is represented as holding a very important rank in his establishment.
CAPT. GARDNER—Of this person we have no knowledge. PAUL GEORGE.—We are equally ignorant of his character; as well as of MR. SMITH, a butcher of New-York and a Polish Gentleman. We have heard some individuals express a doubt of the truth of the above melan- choly intelligence. We are sorry to observe that the sources thro' which it has been received, admit of no satisfactory proof. Poor boys only, belonging to the crews, had their fates undetermined—They were still confined in the castle.
Phil. Gaz. August 25. No doubt can now be entertained of the ignominious doom of our unfortunate countrymen, who fell into the merciless hands of the Spaniards. To the list of sufferers, as published in our last, we have to add the name of Mr. STEEDMAN, of New-York. He had resided seven or eight years at Port-au-Prince, where he joined the expedition. His head was fixed on a pole on the top of a mountain between Laguire and Carracas. A gentleman, passenger in the Endymion, in coming from Carracas to Laguire, examined the heads, and recognized the features of Leslie and Donahue. Capt. Gardner, who expressed great anxiety to be heard, was first hung up—the others in succession, each having his uniform burnt previous to being swung off. After the execution the bodies were burnt, and their heads ordered to be carried to Carracas, there to be exposed on poles. On the 8th August, the effigy of Miranda was to be publicly burnt at Laguire. Capt. Suter informs, that the Spaniards, without exception, rejoiced at these proceedings.
N. CAROLINA. NEWBURN, August 21. FOR CONGRESS. The following gentlemen are elected without opposition. James Holland, in the Morgan district. Evan Alexander, in Salisbury do. Richard Stanford, in Raleigh do. Nathaniel Mason, in Warrenton do. Willis Alston, in Halifax do. Wm. Blackledge, in Newbern do. Thomas Kenan, in Wilmington do. Lemuel Sawyer, in Edenton do. In Surry district General Lemour, Mehchah Franklin and Peter Eaton are candidates. No return as yet.
In Rockingham district M. D. Williams and Theophilus Lacey are candidates. We have heard only from Guilford, in which county Lacey had 781 votes, and Williams 407. Returns are yet to be received from Randolph, Rockingham, Caswell & Person.
In Edgecombe district, the candidates are gen. Thomas Blount and Mr. Kennedy.—We have heard only from Edgecombe, in which county gen. Blount had 1092 votes, and Mr. Kennedy 87.
  Richmond, 527 386 23 7   Montgomery, 181 604 4 44   Robeson, 657 208 11 —   Anson, 105 149 7 —   Cumberland, 658 255 169 —   2128 2560 213 51 
THE subscriber will sell the farm, on which he lives containing 1020 acres, 300 of which are in wood; this land is well adapted to the growth of wheat, corn, grass, and has remarkably well. The improvements consist of a dwelling house, containing eight rooms, a new kitchen, laundry, servants house, ice house, stables and barn. The payment for this property will be easy, as I will take well secured bonds, negroes, or give long credit on receipt of a fourth of the purchase money. CHARLES CARTER. Culpepper, Sept. 2. (3w.)
Printing. IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ENQUIRER.
The Enquirer. RICHMOND, 2nd SEPTEMBER.
REFLECTIONS UPON DECIUS. An essay was some time ago published in this paper, which has commanded universal attention. It is time for us to speak our own opinion upon its contents. That opinion has been hitherto waved, because we wished it to be calm, deliberate and impartial.
It becomes us, in making these remarks, to speak of Mr. John Randolph, whose conduct is so often noticed by Decius. Of that gentleman it is difficult to speak in terms, adequately descriptive of our feelings. "A nobler spirit (we believe) lives not among the sons of men. His intellectual powers are truly sublime and his bosom burns with a godlike ambition." When the arour of his feelings shall be tempered by experience we look to a harvest of unrivalled utility for his country. Of such a man it is impossible not to believe, that his mistakes have been dictated by a spirit, that soars above suspicion.
There are two obvious ways of replying to an argument; to deny the facts which are assumed or the inferences drawn. The first part of the investigation we leave to those intimate friends of Mr. Jefferson, who are acquainted with the history of the last session of congress. But admitting the facts as they are stated by Decius, we are prepared to deny his conclusions.
We mean not to criticize upon that part of Decius which relates to the measures of congress. Our business is with that more interesting part which relates to the conduct of the executive; in which, the charge of holding a wavering, a doubtful, an unconstitutional course, constitutes the most distinguished feature. The argument may be reduced to two general points; 1st, that Mr. Jefferson did not comply with his constitutional duty of "recommending to the consideration" of congress, the purchase of the Floridas; a measure which he judged "expedient and necessary;" 2nd, that he privately recommended this opinion to the members of congress. From these two points it is inferred, that Mr. J. attempted to throw off the responsibility of this measure from his own shoulders upon the members of congress.
As to the first point. It may be shown from the evidence of the members who formed the federal convention, that those framers of the constitution had never considered this article under the vast latitude of interpretation, which the advocates of executive influence have pretended to give it; that it was at that time supposed principally to embrace those general matters, on which the president had formed a conclusive opinion, those on which he had no new documents to lay before congress but which seemed to him to require legislative provision, and those on which the executive did not deem it advisable, at the time, to lay before congress all the information which he possessed. It might be shown that this mode of interpretation is by far the most agreeable to the spirit of a republican government; for under such a constitution, that less danger is to be apprehended from the undue extension of legislative than of executive influence; that the ministerial powers of a president are already sufficiently great, without suffering him to interfere, unless in particular cases, in the deliberations of the legislature; that if these deliberations should terminate in acts, which he may deem injurious to the country, he has in most cases, a sufficient power of control, in his constitutional negative over their laws; that it is ridiculous to suppose, that in those cases, where all the official information is equally exhibited to them both, the wisdom of one man should be superior to the collective wisdom of many; that he is more easily corrupted and more easily misled; and that his elevated situation excludes him from many of the means of bold, unshrinking and correct information. It may be shown, that under a different mode of interpretation, the constitutional duty of the president would be irksome, fatiguing and meddlesome beyond example; that there would be no case, however trivial, in which the president would not deem it his duty to "recommend" his own opinion "to the consideration" of congress, and in every case, however comprehensive, to submit the general measure, in all the voluminous details necessary for its execution. It may be demonstrated, by a recurrence to executive records, that this has never been the uniform practice of the two last, or of the present administration; that they have adapted different modes to different cases; sometimes submitting their own opinions as to the course to be pursued, as well as all the facts necessary for the information of congress; sometimes suggesting whether such & such courses might not be worthy of the consideration of congress, without positively determining between them; and sometimes merely submitting the facts without a single commentary on them, without a single opinion as to the course to be pursued, and leaving it with congress to pronounce, what shall be done." The ministers of the two last administrations, could state a vast variety of measures approved of by the executive, which they willy forebore to lay before congress. It may be shown, that in a variety of important cases, the executive has adopted the two latter courses, preferring (in the words of General Washington's first inaugural speech) "to substitute, in place of a recommendation of particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriotism which adorn the characters selected to devise and adopt them;" that even when they have gone on to lay their own opinions before congress, it was not their custom to launch forth into the particular details of their project, but to confine themselves to its general outlines. It may be shown that this is the precise course pursued by the president in the present instance; that having given them all the information which he possessed, & supposing them to be at least as well qualified as himself to give a correct opinion upon them, he had foreborne to express his own in all its details, even admitting that he had conclusively formed one: "To them, (says he) I communicate every fact material for their information, and the documents necessary to enable them to judge for themselves;" but that though he had foreborne to express his own opinion in all its details, he had still expressed a general one as to the course to be pursued; that this opinion was, that the present was the moment "for pressing" a "settlement" with Spain, at the same time that "force should be interposed in a certain degree," leaving it to congress to decide upon the particular course which the negotiation was to assume, and the particular force that was to be interposed.—But it is unnecessary to press the investigation of this point further, since even Decius himself is silent upon it. Even he does not make a charge against the administration, that this official silence is a violation of its constitutional duties. Of what then, does Decius complain? That the president, after having foreborne to recommend the purchase of the Floridas in his official
message, did not hesitate to enforce that idea in secret & unofficial manner; that he had not only foreborne to recommend this pacific mode of adjustment, but that the whole complexion of his message went to enforcing "manly and vigorous measures." "From the official communications—from the face of the record, (says Mr. Randolph to the secretary of the treasury) it would appear, that the executive had discharged his duty in recommending many and vigorous measures, which he had been obliged to abandon, and compelled by congress to pursue an opposite course, when, in fact, congress itself had been acting all the while at executive instigation." The chairman further observed, "that he did not understand this double set of opinions and principles."—The assertion of Mr. Randolph is most explicitly and peremptorily denied.
In what part of the official communications does Mr. Randolph discover this uncontrovertibly hostile spirit of the executive? a spirit, that was at war with any pacific adjustment of our differences? a spirit, that would not have deigned to propose the purchase of the Floridas? Refer to the public or the private messages of the president; we demand where is this professed manifestation of hostility.
Decius has with no little ingenuity quoted such parts only of the public message, as breathed a "manly and vigorous" sentiment. Why did he not go further? Why not also have thrown into inverted commas and italics every other part which breathed the language of peace? The reason is, that the very next paragraph of the message would have overthrown his proud air-built castles.
"In reviewing these injuries from some of the belligerent powers, the moderation, the firmness and the wisdom of the legislature will all be called into action. We ought still to hope, that time and a more correct estimate of interest as well as of character, will produce the justice we are bound to expect." "Some of these injuries may perhaps admit a peaceful remedy." Is there here displayed no sentiment of peace? No hope of adjusting our differences? No wish to attempt it by negotiation? Must the man who holds this kind of language, be necessarily accused of inconsistency, of maintaining a double set of opinions and principles, should he be at the same moment inclined towards a peaceful purchase? Are negotiations for peace and preparations for war altogether incompatible? While we hold out the olive-branch, may we not sharpen the sword? Or must the man, who maintains the consistency of these two measures, be charged with holding a contradictory course?
Let us now refer to the secret message, that triumphant source of consolation to the ministry, and what does that tell us? Does that breathe nothing but the language of military defiance? Is there not a single "hinge, or loop, to hang a doubt on," of the peaceable disposition of the president? But analyze; take to pieces this much-agitated, this much-abused message; try it in the severest crucible of criticism, and see of what materials it is composed. The whole of the message contains but five paragraphs. The 1st. points out the sources of our differences with Spain, as also the disposition manifested by her, up to the period of sending a "special mission." The 2d. declares the unfavourable result of this negotiation, the new steps which Spain had subsequently taken, and the defensive system which the president had determined to pursue, with the constitutional means in his hands: The 3d. touches on the past and probable policy of France: The 4th for the first time discloses the general conclusions of the Executive on these facts, & the last paragraph consults congress as to the course to be pursued and demands the necessary means. What then is the very pith and constitution of this message? That the three first long paragraphs are a mere history of the facts, which have occurred, interspersed with one or two simple inferences as to the course which Spain might pursue; facts, not one of which puts out the idea of a peaceable compromise; and that in one short paragraph alone, does the president "recommend to their consideration" a course to be pursued. And what course is that? Does it breathe nothing but manly and vigorous measures? Let us refer to the paragraph itself for a satisfactory answer. We quote the one before it, as being necessary to the understanding of the word "such."
"On the contrary, we have reason to believe that the (France) was disposed to effect a settlement on a plan analogous to what our ministers had proposed, and so comprehensive as to remove as far as possible the grounds of future collision and controversy on the eastern as well as western side of the Mississippi."
"The present crisis in Europe is favorable for pressing such a settlement, and not a moment should be lost in availing ourselves of it. Should it pass unimproved, our situation would become much more difficult. Formal war is not necessary, it is not probable that it will follow; but the protection of our citizens, the spirit and honor of our country require that force should be interposed in a certain degree. It will probably contribute to advance the object of peace."
Can any one doubt, that the man who held this language was the friend of negotiation? a negotiation, which in the present crisis in Europe should be immediately pressed? But it may be said that a certain degree of force was to be interposed, and how can this measure be reconciled to the negotiation for peace? Of what species, however, was this force to be? It was no regular army to wage an offensive war against Spain: because the president expressly observes, that "formal war is not necessary; it is improbable that it will follow." The president only appealed to congress for military means "which it belongs to congress exclusively to yield or deny." His own constitutional powers were limited. He was without power to encrase the regular army by new enlistments. He had not even at that moment the means to call out the militia of the country: for the law to authorise a detachment of the militia was not passed until some time in April; four months at least after the communication of the message.
The purport of this secret message then seems to be in complete unison with that of the public one. It recommends to us an attitude of defence, at the same moment that we are to press our plans for negotiation. But it neither proceeds to point out the particular force that is to be interposed, nor the particular course that this negotiation ought to assume. From the observation that "the course to be pursued will require the command of means which it belongs to congress exclusively to yield or deny," it may, indeed, with some show of probability be inferred, that Mr. Jefferson was not adverse to the purchase of the Floridas; because that measure would require pecuniary means which it belongs exclusively to congress to yield or to deny. To conclude any other mode of negotiation, the powers of the president were of themselves independent, complete, and indeed, exclusive of congress.
The complaint of Decius then at last resolves itself into this proposition; not that Mr. Jefferson has ever maintained "a double set of opinions and principles," for that insinuation can no longer be justified by the "official communications;" but that he expressed his own
opinions as to the course which the negotiation should be made to assume in a private and unofficial manner; thus attempting to throw upon congress all the responsibility of adopting pacific measures; a responsibility which he should never have attempted to introduce by secret and irresponsible influence.
But on this subject, it might be shewn, that the inferences of Decius are not supported by his facts; that had the President proceeded to temper with the different members of the republican party, to volunteer his opinions as to the proper course to be pursued and attempted to guide the opinions and votes of the individual members; he would have deserved a much severer rebuke, than flows from the pen of Decius. It may be shewn, that a very obvious distinction is here to be taken, which Decius has completely forgotten; that the president would have been to blame, had he solicitedly attempted to influence the opinions of congress, but that the mere giving of his own opinion when he was consulted by any who had a right to ask his assistance, was at least an innocent if not a commendable course; and that the whole pith of Decius's statements amounts at last to that one accusation. It may be shewn, that in the support of this charge, Decius has brought forward but three relevant facts; Mr. J. Randolph's secret conversations with the president; his communication on this subject with the secretary of the treasury and General Varnum's alleged declaration on the floor of congress. With respect to the first, it may be shewn from the very statement advanced by Decius himself, that Mr. Jefferson did not express his own opinions to Mr. Randolph, until the latter gentleman had thought proper to consult him; it was not until Mr. R. had expressed "his willingness and readiness to co-operate, as far as his principles and judgment would permit, in such plans as the executive might have devised for the occasion," that he "then learned, not without some surprise, that an appropriation of two millions was wanting to purchase Florida;" and that had Mr. Jefferson on such an occasion foreborne to express his views however imperfect to Mr. Randolph, the very leader of the republican party in congress, and the chairman of the secret committee, not only Mr. R. himself, but the whole country would have had reason to condemn his silence. With respect to Mr. Gallatin's proposition, even admitting that of the president, it may be shewn, that it was not presented to Mr. Randolph until several days after he himself had consulted the president as to the course to be pursued; that it was not even then presented under all the imposing dignity of the president's name; that it was not declared to be his with, or even his conclusive opinion; that Mr. Gallatin expressly rejected the idea, of being understood to recommend the measure; "but that the committee should deem it advisable, he had devised a plan for raising the necessary supplies, as he had been requested (or directed) in that case to do." With respect to Gen. Varnum's alleged assertion, it is enough to observe, that he himself on the floor of congress expressly denied the idea of ever having made it; but that even if he had, it would have not been very difficult for him to have understood what were "the secret wishes of the executive," without any direct tampering on the part of the president; the knowing that a consultation had taken place in the cabinet, a short time before the meeting of congress, on the question of negotiating for the purchase of the Floridas, might have been a sufficient foundation for this opinion. "Mark the magic of words" said Mr. Randolph. We repeat the caution. Substitute "the individual opinions of the president" for "the secret wishes of the executive" and the magic of the sound is gone forever. Let us despise as much as we will, the slavish acquiescence of Gen. Varnum in the opinions of the president; is it his fault, that Gen. Varnum is a slave?
To what then do the criticisms of Decius substantially amount? If Mr. Jefferson was not bound to express all his opinions in a formal and official manner; if Mr. Jefferson had not held one set of opinions in his official communication, and another in private; if he has not expressed his individual opinions even in private, save only when he was consulted by those who may have had some right to expect them; to what, we repeat, do the statements of Decius amount?
That Mr. Jefferson may not have scrupulously weighed every word, which he uttered on our Spanish relations; that he has confined his opinions to those only, who ought to have heard them, and to no more; it is not for us to say. That he is not sufficiently scrupulous in the concealment of his opinions, is sometimes a source of uneasiness to his friends; but if it be a fault, it is not one which springs from the noblest qualities of the heart?—But that Mr. Jefferson threw out his opinions in private, for the purpose of evading his own proper and constitutional responsibility; his whole life, his unqualified virtues, his ingenious character, his present elevated standing, all expressly contradict.—
TOBACCO TRADE.—Letters, which have been received in this city from London, announce an important change in the mode of collecting the duty on tobacco.—The following may explain the nature and consequences of this new regulation. The duty on tobacco in England, is not paid on the importation, as it is on most other articles, and drawn back on exportation. The principal reason assigned for this exception is, that the duty upon a whole cargo would be so considerable, as to require too great a capital in the hands of the importer. The present duty, for instance, is 2s. 1d. sterling per lb. The whole amount therefore on a cargo of 300 hds. would have been immense, and the capital so vested, might have remained for months and years in an unproductive state. When the tobacco is landed in England, it is stored in what are called the king's ware-houses; and it is upon delivering it from these ware-houses, that the duty is advanced. The great convenience of this arrangement is, that a manufacturer who has purchased a cargo of tobacco, may suffer it to lie in the ware-houses for several years, and he pays the duty in proportion only as he consumes the tobacco. Another convenience is, that he may pay the duty on the second parcel of tobacco, out of the proceeds of the first when it has been manufactured and carried to market. But in the payment of this duty there was formerly no exception made in favour of stemmed tobacco; the duty being laid upon the lb. of tobacco, without any regard to its items. In former times, these items were of considerable value in the manufacture of snuff, and the value of the items was superior to the duty on the tobacco. Some change however having taken place in the value of this species of snuff, the value of the items became less than the amount of the duty. The effect upon this country was, that much of our tobacco was stemmed, before it was exported to England; and the English manufacturer was not then under the necessity of paying a duty upon the items. This stemming is principally carried on by the planters themselves; but in some of the large towns, where great quantities of tobacco are deposited, stemming has even become a distinct & lucrative business. Virginia has been computed to employ not less than 300
or 1000 hands; who being principally small boys, are almost unfit for any other occupation.—The tobacco is then exported to G. Britain, and the stems to Germany. The English manufacturers, unwilling (as it may be presumed) to lose that duty paid upon stemmed tobacco, should they be obliged to purchase it, or to allow it the profit of stemming, have petitioned parliament for redress. Parliament (it seems) have now passed an act allowing to the manufacturer to go into the king's ware-houses and stem his tobacco. There is of course a deduction from the duty paid on the tobacco taken from the ware-house, in proportion to the quantity of items left behind. What is the rate of this deduction, what becomes of the items themselves, or what are the other details of this act of parliament, we have not yet had an opportunity of discovering.
The effect of this new arrangement upon ourselves is not difficult to perceive. It will reduce much nearer to a par the prices of stemmed and unstemmed tobacco; it will diminish the quantity that is deemed in this country, diminish the profits on this branch of business, and it will deprive a set of hands, who are scarcely fit for any other employment, of one that is tolerably productive.
RUMOURS.—That our differences with Great Britain are in a favorable train for adjustment. Mr. Monroe is said to have communicated in one of his late dispatches, the heads of an interview which he had with Mr. Fox; that Mr. Fox at the outset commented in pretty severe terms upon the regulations of our Refutation-Bill; but that Mr. Monroe had pressed the idea, which must be admitted by all impartial politicians, that all the steps, which we had pursued towards Great Britain, were perfectly justified by the steps which she had taken towards us; and that her conduct would have been equally justifiable in the adoption of much more energetic measures. Towards the close of the interview, Mr. Fox is said to have expressed himself much less dissatisfied with the policy, which we had adopted. That our differences with Spain are not in so favorable a train for adjustment.—Thanks to the hatred, which Bonaparte bears to Republics; and thanks to the particular zeal of Mons. Talleyrand, in inflaming his master's mind against us!
Last Evening's Mail. PHILADELPHIA, August 28. A letter from Mr. Lippincott, of this city, one of the Americans taken in Miranda's Schooners, dated Porto Cavello, July 25. states, that the prisoners had been tried—and ten of the principal officers, who were upwards of 24 years of age, were sentenced to death, and had been executed.—The others were sentenced to ten years confinement in iron, and had been distributed in different castles. The names of Kirkland and Leslie, are not mentioned amongst those that were captured. Captain Huddle, of the Schooner Bee, was killed in the action with the Guarda Costa. The Marquis Yrujo has a list of the sufferers, with the particulars of their trial. For the following correct list of the persons executed as pirates, at or near Laguire, taken from the official judgment, we are indebted to the politeness of a respectable friend. James Gardne, Gus. Adolphus Bergudd, (a Polander) Charles Jonson, Mile. Hall, John Farris, Francis Farquahaban, Thomas Donahue (of Philadelphia) Thomas Villap, Daniel Kemper, Paul F. George, (Portuguese.)
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Liverpool, to his friend in Wilmington (Del.) dated June 19, 1806. "I have just had the pleasure of handing on shore from the Diana, from Baltimore, the family of our envoy Mr. Pinkney, who dropped in upon us quite unexpectedly this morning. His arrival appears to have diffused a general joy throughout this city and has in a great measure dispelled the doubts which have been entertained by many, of a rupture between the two countries ever since the affair of the Leander transferred. To-morrow, I understand, the merchants of Liverpool intend giving him an elegant entertainment. All the Americans displayed their flags on his landing, and shewed him every mark of respect in their power. From his manners and general character, I am induced to believe that our government could not have appointed a person better qualified for the task of conciliation. His having brought his lady and a large family of children with him, is a favorable omen, and an impressive us with the idea of the confidence of our executive, in being able to bring our affairs to an amicable adjustment. For my own part, I never entertained the in-aliénable idea of their resorting to hostilities but I assure you, that the majority of the people of England as far as I can inform myself, viewed the business in a very serious point of view."
For several New Advertisements, see the first column of the first page.
TRAINING STABLE. THE subscriber takes this method of informing his friends, and the public, that he has taken the STABLES at the Broad Rock race ground of Mr. Bill, where he will take HORSES to train on the most moderate terms; and hopes from his attention as a long experienced in that line of business, to give general satisfaction to all those gentlemen who may be pleased to put their nags in his hands to train. Gentlemen sending their horses, may send their own forage and boys provision, if they think proper otherwise they will be furnished at the prices as mentioned below. Gentlemen sending horses, will please to send stable boys to train and attend to taking care of the horses. When it is not convenient for them to send their own boys, they will be furnished at the same price for their hire, which the subscriber hires them for himself.—Terms as follows:—
  Grain for each Horse per week, £. 00 : 15   Fodder for do. do. 7   Litter do. do. 3   Boys board do. do. 12   For my own attention to each Horse, 12   Phylic per horse when necessary, ss. per dose. N   Stable clothing, saddle, bridle, curry-comb, brush, harness, &c. to be sent with the horse, or furnished at the expense of the owner, by the subscriber.   All expenses for training, &c. to be paid when the horses are taken away. 
THOMAS COX. Late trainer for Col. Hooper, dec'd. Broad-Rock, September 2. (1p.)
ALMANAC FOR 1807. THE VIRGINIA FARMER'S ALMANAC for 1807, is this day published by S. GRANTLAND, opposite the Bell-Tavern, Richmond. The Almanac, beside the usual astronomical calculations contains many very valuable pieces. The following subjects are selected from many equally interesting; viz. The Irish Wedding; or the Song of Tidd Re 1.—A humorous song alone is worth the price of the Almanac.—An honest lawyer.—Anecdote of the late George Wythe, Esq.—Take Time by the Forelock.—A Rith in time saves nine.—It's out at the end of the born!—An Ode.—The Dying Christi more curious production can no where be found. Song for the 4th of July.—Humorous Anecdotes, &c. &c.—Agriculture.—Egyptian Wheat.—Growth of Indian Corn.—Construction of Ploughs.—To man Parsnip Wine.—Melical—Recipe for Dysenteria, Dropsy, Dropsis, &c. Those who purchase by the gross or dozen may be supplied at a very moderate price.—The custom Country Merchants is solicited. Book Printing, Hand-bills, &c. executed S. Grantland on reasonable terms.
August 26, 1806.

RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED TO THE LEGISLATURE OF VIRGINIA.
In the year 1795, the legislature adopted an act for collecting and publishing all laws relative to land...
Upon applying to Mr. Jefferson for his copies of the acts, more complete than could be elsewhere procured...
In the session of 1800-1, Gov. Monroe submitted the following letter to their consideration. The subject was taken up in course of their session...
But with the time of its resurrection never arrived! Will the legislature forever disregard the advantages of collecting and perpetuating our legislative records?
Much of the property of individuals rests upon what are called private acts of assembly. If these be lost, innumerable controversies may occur.
How many instructive and amusing matters may then be irretrievably lost to us, if Mr. Jefferson's collection be suffered to moulder into dust!
EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM THOMAS JEFFERSON TO GEORGE WYTHE.
Monticello, January 16, 1796. IN my letter which accompanied the box containing my collection of printed laws, I promised to send you by post a statement of the contents of the box.
by means of preserving those remains of our laws now under consideration, it is, a multiplication of printed copies. I think therefore that there should be printed at the public expence, an edition of all the laws ever passed by our legislatures which can now be found...
A statement of the particular acts of the assembly of Virginia in my possession either MS. or Printed, and of those not in my possession, and presumed to be lost.
1619, June. the first session of assembly ever held in Virginia cont. 20 May lost. 22 March 5. I have in MS. 26 lost. 29 Oct. 16. I have in ms. 30 March 24. I have in ms. 31 Feb. 21. I have in ms. 32 Sept. 4. 60 acts. I have in ms. 33 Feb. 1. 6 acts in ms. 33 Aug. 21. 16 acts in ms. 39 Jan. 6. in ms. 42 April 1. the 21st & 22d acts in ms. 43 March 2. a revival I have in ms. 44 Oct. 1. in ms. 45 Feb. 17. in ms. 45 Nov. 20. in ms. 46 Oct. 5. in ms. 47 Nov. 3. in ms. 48 Oct. 12. in ms. 49 Oct. 10. in ms. 52 April 26. in ms. 53 Nov. 25. in ms. 53 July 5. in ms. 54 Nov. 20. in ms. 55 March 10. in ms. 56 Dec. 1. in ms. 58 March 12. a revival in ms. 58 March 1. in ms. 60 March 13. in ms. 60 Oct. 11. in ms. 61 March 23. in ms. 63 March 23. Chap. 1, to 138, inclusive p. 63 Dec. 2. or 23 Chap 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 18 21 23 p 14 16 19 20 22 in ms. 63 Sept. 10. Chap 1 2 4 7 8 9 10 11 14 16 17 p 3 5 6 12 13 15 18 in ms. 64 Sept. 20. 9 acts p. 65 Oct. 10. Chap 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 p 4 10 in ms. 66 June 5. Chap 2 3 4 p 1 ms. 67 Sept. 3. Chap 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 in ms. 68 Sept. 17. Chap 1 to 9 p. 69 Oct. 20. Chap 1 to 7 p 8 9 in ms. 70 Oct. 3. Chap 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 11 in ms. 71 Sept. 20. Chap 1 4 5 6 p 2 3 7 in ms. 72 Sept. 24. Chap 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 p 11 in ms. 73 Oct. 20. Chap 1 to 5 p 6 7 in ms. 74 Sept. 21. Chap 1 3 4 6 7 p 2 3 8 9 10 in ms. 76 March 7. Chap 3 p 1 2 4 in ms. 76 June 5. Chap 1 to 20 in ms. 77 Feb. 20. Chap 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 16 17 20 p 1 2 3 5 12 15 18 19 in ms. 77 Oct. 10. Chap. 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 11 12 printed, 6 7 in ms. 79 April 25. Chap. 1 to 9 p. 80 June 8. Chap. 1 to 17 p. 82 Nov. 10. Chap. 1 to 13 p. 84 April 16. Chap. 2 p. 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 in ms. 86 Oct. 20. Chap. 1 to 11 in ms. 91 April 16. Chap. 12 p. 1 to 11 & from 13 to 21 in ms. 92 April 1. Chap. 1 to 7 in ms. March 2. Chap. 1 to 7 in ms. 93 Oct. 10. Chap. 1 to 5 in ms. 95 April 18. Chap. 1 to 6 in ms. 96 Sept. 24. Chap. 1 to 14 in ms. 97 Oct. 21. Chap. 1 in ms. 98 Sept. 28. no law past at this session. 99 April 27. Chap. 1 to 16 in ms. 1700 Dec. 5. Chap. 1 to 4 in ms. 01 Aug. 6. Chap. 1 to 6 in ms. 02 May 20. Chap. 1 2 4 9 10 Chap 1 A part of it in ms 2 3 4 lost 03 March 19 no act passed 04 April 20 Chap 1 to 11 lost 05 April 18 Chap 1 to 4 lost Oct 25 Chap 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 17 19 20 22 23 25 27 28
29 30 32 33 35 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 52 53 p. 05 Oct 25 Chap 4 11 16 18 21 24 28 31 34 36 37 42 51 55 in ms 1 54 lost 10 Oct 25 Chap 3 4 5 8 11 13 14 p 1 2 6 7 9 10 15 16 17 in ms 11 Nov 7 Chap 2 3 p 1 in ms—here the MS end 4 5 lost 12 Oct 22 Chap 4 5 p. 1 2 3 6 7 lost 13 Nov 5 Chap 3 4 6 7 8 printed—1 2 5 9 10 11 12 lost 14 Nov 16 Chap 1 2 3 5 printed—4 lost 15 Aug 3 Chap 1 2 3 lost 18 April 23 Chap 1 8—the substance printed in Beverley's abridgment, 2 4 lost Nov 11 Chap 1 2 lost 20 Nov 2 Chap 3 4 5 6 7 8 printed—1 2 substance in Beverley's abridgment, 9 to 18 lost 22 May 9 Chap 1 to 3, 6 to 9 printed—4 5 and 10 to 16 lost 23 May 9 Chap 2 4 3 10 printed—1 1 3 5 6 7 9 11 to 15 lost 26 May 12 Chap 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 printed—5 9 to 14 lost 27 Feb 1 Chap 3 5 to 14 printed—1 1 2 4 15 to 23 lost 30 May 21 Chap 1 to 19 printed—20 to 29 lost 32 May 18 Chap 1 to 20 printed—21 to 35 lost
Here begins my collection of the Fugitive Sheets of Laws printed for each session.
1734 Aug. 22. 31 acts printed. 36 Aug. 5. 25 acts p. 38 Nov. 1. 23 acts p. 40 May 22. 15 acts p. Aug. 1. 1 act p. 42 May 6. 33 acts p. 44 Sep. 46 acts p. 45 Feb. 23. 30 acts p. 46 July 11. 2 acts lost. 47 March 30. 5 acts lost. 48 Oct. 27. Chap. 1 to 55 57 77 printed 56 58 to 76 78 to 83 lost. 52 Feb. 27. 53 acts p. 53 Nov. 1. 28 acts p. 54 Feb. 14. 3 acts p. Aug. 22. 3 acts p. Oct. 17. 7 acts p. 55 May 1. 24 acts p. Aug. 5. 8 acts p. Oct. 27. 6 acts p. 56 March 23. 13 acts p. Sep. 20. 3 acts p. 57 April 14. 30 acts p. 58 March 30. 2 acts p. Sep. 14. 13 acts p. Nov. 9. 1 act p. 59 Feb. 22. 34 acts p. Nov. 1. 6 acts p. 60 March 4. 3 acts p. May 19. 1 act p. Oct. 6. 4 acts p. 61 March 5. 31 acts p. Nov. 3. 13 acts p. 62 Jan. 14. 3 acts p. March 30. 7 acts p. Nov. 2. 44 acts p. 63 May 13. 19 acts p. 64 Jan. 12. 13 acts p. Oct. 30. 54 acts p. 66 Nov. 6. 61 acts p. 68 March 31. 7 acts p. 69 May 8. a convention, no act passed. Nov. 7. 89 acts p. 71 July 11. 4 acts p. 72 Feb. 10. 68 acts p. 73 March 4. 16 acts lost from my collection. 74 May 5. dissolved before any act passed. 75 June 1. the last assembly under the Royal government, it was discontinued by not meeting on its own adjournment, without having passed any law. CONVENTIONS. 75 July 17. ordinances printed Dec. ordinances p 76 May 6. ordinances p ASSEMBLIES. Oct. 7. acts printed. 77 May 5. ditto Oct. 20. ditto 78 May 4. ditto Oct. 5. ditto 79 May 5. ditto Oct. 4. ditto 80 May 1. ditto Oct. 16. ditto 81 March 1. ditto May 7. ditto Nov. 5. ditto 82 May 6. ditto 83 May 5. ditto Oct. 20. ditto Note that the terms 'Printed' or 'p' or in 'MS.' mean that I have the laws printed or in MS.
Miscellaneous.
Some account of the country and productions near the Red River, in Louisiana. In an extract of a letter from Dr. John Sibley, to Dr. Calcutt, of Raleigh.
The district of Natchitoches contains about 3000 inhabitants, strung widely along the river; occupying its banks for about sixty miles, in which, till a short time ago was a Spanish garrison, and now an American one.
The inhabitants immediately on the banks of the Mississippi, are less flocky than on the large rivers in the Carolinas and Georgia, probably owing to the immense depth and purity of the river water, which is always cool, and never emits putrid miasma. On Red River it is much the same, with the difference only of the brackishness of its water, from the great number of salt springs, lakes and creeks, with which the country through which it passes abounds; the water of Red River is so salt, that wherever it is stagnant, large cockles, clams, shrimps, &c. resembling those on the sea-coast, are found in plenty. At Natchitoches, lime made of cockle shells is plenty, and used altogether, though limestone exists in abundance. Lime made of shells, is sold at 25 cents a bushel, and a common laborer's wages is 75 cents a day. I have never seen on Red River any fever of the purrid bilious infectious kind, none worse than an intermittent or remittent that six or eight doses of bark a day, for three or four days, after proper evacuations, would cure; though I have found often such a degree of debility, that bittering, and the diffusive stimulus, was necessary. Pneumonic complaints carried off a number of persons last winter; they were most fatal among the old people. At Natchitoches there are several instances of longevity. There is a German that has been here fifty years, who is now ninety five years old, in good health, labors constantly, and can walk thirty miles in a day. Several who were born here of between eighty and eighty-five, and upwards of twenty above seventy.
I have kept this summer an account of the degrees of heat by Fahrenheit's thermometer, hung in a house surrounded with a piazza, against a plank partition that divides a common hall from a chamber. The 5th of June, at 3 P. M. it was 94; no other day has been more than 92, and but a few days more than from 84 to 86. Our nights are always cool. The latitude of Natchitoches, I believe to be 32 10. Sugar cane grows pretty well here and four oranges.
have taken the liberty of enclosing you some samples of colours which I have made of a wood called Red river in great plenty; it is sometimes called Saphora; but more commonly, in French bois d'arc, or bow-wood; it is used by the Indians for their bows to throw their arrows, and by the French for axe helve and handles for other tools. It grows 2 or 3 feet in diameter, resembles in colour exactly the patent yellow, takes a beautiful polish, and I think would be highly esteemed by turners and cabinet makers, particularly for inlaying and finessing; but probably more valuable as a dye wood. The colors, marked 1, 2 & 3, are made by a simple decoction of the wood only of different degrees of strength, and is the color of the wood. Other colors I made from the same decoction of log-wood, blue vitriol, salt of tartar, copperas or alum; these colors will not wash out nor fade by being washed in strong soap suds. As the quantity of it on Red River cannot, by exportation be exhausted, and every particle of it may be used by either tanner, cabinet maker or dyer, I have no doubt but in some future time it may be a valuable article of exportation.
There is between Natchitoches and the sea-shore, at a small creek near the Quelouche lake, the skeleton of an animal, which, from the description I have had of it, is the skeleton of a Mammoth. If it is so, it contradicts an opinion that has existed, that these animals have not been in a latitude so far south.
Some of the western limits of Louisiana extend to the River Bravo, or Grand (Great River.) the mouth of which is in latitude 29, the United States will be able to make their own coffee, and chocolate, both of which articles grow well in that latitude, and will include a country, particularly at and about Saint Antoine, that in point of beauty and fertility is superior to any part in Europe or America; the surface of the country is neither level nor too hilly, is in perpetual verdure, of the most luxuriant grass; the pastures in summer and winter are equally rich; great proportion of it rich prairies, through which flow the most beautifully limpid streams, meandering over gravel and pebble bottoms.
A Letter from Dr. Vaughan, of the state of Delaware, to Dr. Barton, of Philadelphia.
Wilmington, August 1, 1806.
DEAR Sir—Your attention to all subjects of natural history, and your minute knowledge of that beautiful science, induce me to address you with a summary account of the metamorphoses of the Poplar Caterpillar, which, like the Sphinx of Brittany, had spread terror and dismay in many parts of our country, though unaccompanied by epidemic pestilence. With us, however, this harmless insect was contemporary with vernal bilious fever, of a mild grade.
The general curiosity and alarm, together with the contradictory accounts of experimentalists, though preponderating on the negative side, made it desirable to know whether this suspected insect would pass the regular metamorphoses of Lepidopterous insects, or as supposed by Dr. Davidge, of Baltimore, would perish in the Chrysalis state; and thus, by an unusual death, seal the apprehension of its venomous nature. With this view I obtained one of those caterpillars (on the 8th July), of about three inches in length, and after provoking it to bite several animals, without injury to them, put it into a wide-mouthed bottle with some leaves from its favourite tree. For two days it seemed torpid, and I apprehended it had been injured by our efforts to make it bite the animals of experiments; but on the 10th it had formed a strong silken inure, resembling the cocoon of the silk worm, so as to inforce itself on the side of the bottle; which was threaded over with fibrils of the same silken web, but leaving the worm distinct in the new cell. The preparations for the change of being was now made, and the provident insect ceased from its labours for two or three days more. It then shewed violent contortions of body, denoting its immediate passing into the chrysalis state, and was gradually covered over with a glutinous exudation, and contracted itself to an inch and a quarter in length.
The shape of the chrysalis was at first cylindrical, and shortly divided by a deeply impressed ring, at about three-fifths of its length, and the tail part subdivided by three more rings, terminating in a cone, and this cross-section covering soon hardened so as to be impervious. This shell, which was at once both the coffin of the caterpillar and the cradle of the butterfly, gradually changed in color, until it became a complete aurelia.
Alternately hoping and doubting on the fate of my chrysalis, I was this morning delighted to find the door of the shell opened, and the prisoner, evolved, a large and beautiful butterfly, ready to take flight. Withholding to examine the shell and the cocoon he had left, and supposing him too weak to escape, I cautiously broke off the bottom of the bottle, and to the surprise of several gentlemen present, he flew around the room, with the greatest ease and activity. We caught him with some difficulty, and once more confined him to a perfectly transparent bottle, to be the subject of new investigations.
The character of this metamorphosed caterpillar, are not strictly conformable to those of the common butterfly. The head is small, the eyes large, prominent and nearly spherical, the proboscis curled. The corselet is large, solid, and the back part arched and the colour of the aurelia. The body large, of a dusky colour, gradually terminating in a cone and thickly covered with a silky down. The legs are six in number, setaceous and pediculated; the fore legs longer than usual. The antennae are long, and not clavated, but filiform, like the moth. The wings, four in number, and the front, or superior pair, large, horizontal, and of a dusky hue, variegated with black: the interior part are yellow, transverse band of black (like the sphinx)
The red or blood coloured faces which is deposited early in the butterfly state, and which has in past ages, excited such consternation in the minds of the superstitious, was in drops on the side of the vial. Mr. Reaumur informs us, that all butterflies which proceed from hairy caterpillars, void one or more drops of a blood coloured fluid; and the number of these drops which have fallen upon the earth in some places, have been deemed nothing less than miraculous rain, ominous of the impending frowns of heaven. Mr. de Peiresc records an instance of this sort which occurred at Aix. Gregory Tours mentions a shower of blood which fell in the time of Childerbert, and another was observed in the reign of Robert. (Smellie's P. N. History)
Your critical knowledge of natural history will enable you to correct any imperfection in this hasty account of the dreaded, but harmless caterpillar, in its transformations to a perfect animal. For if they perish in a chrysalis state, the species would be extinct with the season. The reason some chrysalids perish in the torpid state, is imputed to a certain species of fly making its way into their bodies, while in the worm state and depositing their eggs; and though the caterpillar be metamorphosed into a chrysalis, the part essential to progressive life are destroyed by the larva of the fly, and the chrysalis perishes.
I am, dear Sir, With great esteem and regard, Your obedient servant, JOHN VAUGHAN. DR. BENJAMIN BARTON.
FROM THE PENNSYLVANIA CORRESPONDENT.
RAISING OF SHEEP. MR. EDISON—I was, lately much pleased with seeing a wool carding machine in operation. It is
one of those valuable labor-saving machines that perform the business completely, and much better than it could be done by hand, and at a lower rate. The rolls spin faster, make better yarn, and consequently will weave better, and more durable cloth, blankets, linsey or flockings:—But more wool will be wanted, if it can be so much easier manufactured. Sheep are profitable animals if they are rightly taken care of; and, the last winter being favorable, I believe the flock generally increased, in number at the rate of 60 or 70 per cent. The farmer has fleeces, racks and mangers for horses, and gives them plenty of good hay and grain; while not one out of ten provides for housing and feeding their sheep through the winter, in a manner that merit description or imitation; it is therefore hoped, that some short direction on the subject will not be improper, presuming that every farmer will make such additions or deviations as may suit his own fancy.
The sheep house may be situated at the end of the barn, or at the leeward of some shelter; the back side and ends should be built of stone four feet high, and the length 30 to 40 feet by 10 feet wide; but must be open on the front, which should face to the south east. A small trough should be set fast to the wall, the whole length of the building, but no fodder rack. Let the yard in front be well closed in which set a small barrack, and fill it with fine hay, or corn fodder, well cured and fatted; the sheep will eat of this, when they are hungry, without attendance. Let the flock be put in during the cold rains in the fall of the year, and generally be kept there in the severe and stormy weather during the winter, when the ground is covered with snow; and from about new-year or rather earlier, give each sheep, every day, a pint of potatoes, or turnips full final: a gill of fine Indian meal, and a teaspoon full of salt. Let this nursing be continued until the lambs are two months old; and if the vegetable roots are not to be had in sufficient quantity, the meal may be increased in proportion. By this feeding the sheep will thrive, even in winter. Their wool will be good, and the lambs fine, large and playful; but then be sure to keep the best ewe lambs for breeders, and not be tempted to sell them to the butchers, although they may plead hard, and offer a high price. Let them have ram lambs, fat wethers, and ewes of 6 or 7 years old; and the small sized, coarse woolled, and the ill favored of any age, and rather at a low price than be overstocked. In England, a good ram is esteemed of great consequence to vards promoting a valuable breed of sheep, while breeding is mostly submitted to chance in this country, and the consequence is a great loss in the whole.
MONITOR.
Some years since male fashions of jackets and neck cloths prevailed among the females, but the ladies have since determined to differ from the gentlemen as much as possible—therefore while our Beau carry their hands in their pockets, our Belles carry their pockets in their hands.
A BALLAD—By THOMAS MOORE.
THE LAKE OF THE DISMAL SWAMP.
WRITTEN AT NORFOLK, IN VIRGINIA.
They tell of a young man, who lost his mind upon the death of a girl he loved, and who suddenly disappearing from his friends, was never afterwards heard of. As he had frequently said, in his ravings, that the girl was not dead, but gone to the Dismal Swamp, it is supposed he had wandered into that dreary wilderness, and had died of hunger, or been lost in some of its dreadful morasses.
They made her a grave, too cold and damp For a foul so warm and true; And she's gone to the Lake of the Dismal Swamp, Where, till night long, by a fire-fly lamp, She paddles her white canoe. And her fire-fly lamp I soon shall see, And her pasdie I soon shall hear; Long and loving our love shall be, And I'll hide the maid in a cypress tree, When the footstep of Death is near! Away to the Dismal Swamp he speeds— His path was rugged and free, Through tangled juniper, beds of reeds, Thro' many a fen, where the serpent feeds; And man never trod before!
And, when on the earth he sunk to sleep, If slumber his eyelids knew, He lay, where the deadly vine doth weep Its venomous tear, and mighty sleep The flesh with blistering dew! And near him the she-wolf firr'd the brake, And the copper-snake breath'd in his ear, Till he starting cried, from his dream awake, "Oh! when shall I see the dusky Lake, And the white canoe of my dear?" He saw the Lake, and a meteor bright Quick over its surface play'd— "Welcome," he said, "my dear-one's light!" And the dim thro' echoed, for many a night, The name of the death-cold maid! Till he hollow'd a boat of the birchen bark, Which carried him off from shore; Far he follow'd the meteor spark, The wind was high and the clouds were dark, And the boat return'd no more. But oft, from the Indian hunter's camp This lover and maid so true, Are seen at the hour of midnight damp, To cross the Lake by a fire-fly lamp, And paddle their white canoe!
The Great Dismal Swamp is ten or twelve miles distant from Norfolk, and the lake in the middle of it (about seven miles long) is called Drummond's Pond.
BURR MILL STONES, OF ALL SIZES; and PLAISTER OF PARIS, of an excellent quality, FOR SALE, AS USUAL, BY WILLIAM DAVIDSON, near the Market. Dec. 4. [spff.]
5,000 wt. SALT PETER'D BACON, 1,000 wt. Grit quality N. ENGLAND CHEESE, 10 grofs BOTTLED CYDER, A few barrels CLOVER SEED, 150 pieces PAPER HANGINGS, For Sale by EDWARD HALLAM.
Constantly for Hire—An Excellent Carriage and Horses—apply as above. May 27. eotf
NOTICE.
APPREHENSIONS for the health of his family having disabled the subscriber from abiding permanently at Norfolk, he has removed to the city of Richmond, and fixed his office in the house near the Capitol, lately occupied by the Commissioner of Loans. He proposes to practise law in the Federal Court, Court of Appeals, and Court of Chancery, in Richmond; and will continue also to practise in the Chancery District Court of Williamsburg, and District Court of Suffolk. August 5. WM. WIRT.
SAMUEL BARRET, BOOT AND SHOE MAKER;
INFORMS his friends and the public in general, that he has taken the store, next door below the Eagle Tavern; where he will execute any work, in his line of business, either gentlemen or ladies shoes, on the shortest notice. August 1. (eotf)