Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1809-01-13 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[XVIth Year.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1616.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS,) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
Four Dollars Per Annum—Paid in Advance.]
FRIDAY, JANUARY 13, 1809.
[12 1-2 Cents Single]
The price of this paper to subscribers is four dollars per annum, to be paid in advance.
ADVERTISEMENTS, not exceeding a square in length (20 lines) are inserted, the first time for seventy-five cents; three weeks (six times) for three dollars; and for every subsequent insertion, thirty-three cents. Long ones in the same proportion. In favor of those, however, who advertise by the year (either once or twice a week) a deduction from the above price of twenty per cent. is made.
30,000 DOLLARS
FOR EIGHT HUNDRED CENTS.
NEW YORK STATE LOTTERY,
For opening and improving certain great Roads to the Black River. Positively to commence drawing on the 12th of April next. 600 tickets to be drawn each day until the whole are concluded. Prizes payable 30 days after the drawing, and the payment guaranteed by the State Legislature.
THE CAPITAL PRIZES ARE,
 30,000 Dollars,  20,000 Dollars,  10,000 Dollars,  5,000 Dollars,  2,000 Dollars, 
Besides several of 1,000, 500, 200, 100, &c. &c. Less than two blanks to a prize. The scheme of this lottery is universally acknowledged to be the best ever yet offered to the American public, and the price of tickets at present no higher than Eight Dollars each.
TICKETS,
Halves, Quarters and Eighths, ARE TO BE HAD AT G. & R. WAITE'S
TRULY-FORTUNATE LOTTERY-OFFICES, No. 64, MAIDEN-LANE, And No. 38, MAIDEN-LANE, NEW-YORK,
Where was sold in the LAST New-York Lottery, the three capital prizes of 25,000 Dollars, No. 20231 10,000 Dollars, No. 25403 5,000 Dollars, No. 20799 Also, No. 20310 a prize of 2,000 Dollars, besides several others of 2,000, 1,000, 500 dollars, &c. &c. And in FORMER New-York lotteries were sold at the above Offices.
  17199 25,000 Dollars  11736 2,000 Dollars    3929 20,000 Dollars  28573 2,000 Dollars    3639 10,000 Dollars  13904 2,000 Dollars    26135 5,000 Dollars  16617 2,000 Dollars    20356 5,000 Dollars  25356 2,000 Dollars    13298 3,000 Dollars  20835 2,000 Dollars   And at their Lottery Office in Baltimore, corner of Charles and Market Streets, were sold nearly all the Capital Prizes in the late St. Mary's College Lottery, among them were the following, viz.   6974 30,000 Dollars  1738 1,500 Dollars    1556 15,000 Dollars  1325 1,500 Dollars    7001 10,000 Dollars  7440 1,500 Dollars    6977 5,000 Dollars  14425 1,500 Dollars    19694 1,500 Dollars.   
Distant adventurers, by enclosing Bank Notes in letters post, paid, directed to WAITE'S Offices, in Baltimore, New-York or Albany, may have tickets and shares returned by post to any part of the Union, with the utmost punctuality, and the earliest advice sent of their success. Schemes at large, gratis, and Cash advanced for prizes as soon as drawn. A weekly printed Prize List will be forwarded to the printer of this paper, and at the conclusion of the drawing, the Managers' Official List of Prizes as soon as printed, where any gentleman can examine his own number. Prizes in former lotteries taken in payment for tickets in this.
The Baltimore Trinity Church Lottery commenced drawing on the first of November, and will continue to draw 2,000 tickets per week till finished. Tickets and shares, warranted un-drawn, may be had at either of G. & R. Waite's Lottery Offices.
New York, October 23, 1808.
Notice.
Will be sold, by the subscriber, on Monday the 16th inst at the Eagle Tavern in this city, the following
PROPERTY
Belonging to the estate of the late Pleasant Younghusband, dec. ten likely young Negro Men, four Women and four Children, and one London made CHARIOT, on the following terms, viz. one third cash, one third in six months, and the remaining third in twelve months—Notes, negotiable at the Bank of Virginia, with approved endorser, will be required.
One of the men is a carpenter, there is also a pair of sawyers, the others are house servants and plantation laborers.
Eliza T. Younghusband, Adm'x. Richmond January 6, 1809
Pursuant to a deed of trust, executed to the subscriber by Robert M'Tyre, for the purpose of securing a sum of money due John Barker, ex'or of Solomon Gordon, dec. will be sold, to the highest bidder [according to the tenor of the said trust] on Saturday the 4th day of February next, the LOT in Manchester including all its appurtenances, called LEATHER'S OLD TAVERN, now occupied by Nathaniel Childers Terms ready money.
Nath. Childers, Thomas Cheatham } Trustees. Manchester 10. Jan. 1809.
Blank Notes
AND POWERS OF ATTORNEY, used in depositing stock in the Bank of Virginia, for sale at this office.
John Brown
RESPECTFULLY informs his friends and the public that he is willing to board a few small boys the present year, 1809, whom he will instruct in Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Grammar, Philology, Logic & Geography—Price for board and tuition 21 pounds for nine months: the term beginning the first Monday in February, and will expire the first of December following:—not including the month of August.
Although a conductor of a school may be qualified by his experience to discharge the duties of his profession, yet there are circumstances arising from the nature of his occupation, which render the undertaking extremely delicate. If he suggests a little derogatory from the merit of any other preceptor, he will appear to some, to be actuated by envy, and to be artfully inviting pupils to his own roof. It is indeed a truth to be lamented, that few of us are so improved by philosophy, tho' we study and admire it, as not to feel the influence of interested motives. Interest insensibly blinds the understanding, and often impels the judgment to decide unjustly, without the guilt of intention. I will not arrogate so much, as to suppose myself exempted from one of the most powerful principles of action which stimulate the human heart. But I will say that I will endeavor to divest myself of every improper prepossession, and be guided by the dictates of my own heart, and the result of my experience. Gentlemen with whom I am unacquainted I refer to the certificates below.
Caroline, (near the White) } Chimneys 7th Jan. 1809. } 2
Whereas Mr. John Brown, a young gentleman with whom I am acquainted, formerly an instructor of youth in this neighborhood, but who has recently removed into the county of Caroline: do hereby certify that Mr. Brown came into the neighborhood highly recommended by men of the first respectability, and was employed by myself and Creed Haskins as a teacher for our children in the years 1806 & 1807, during which term he conducted himself with the utmost propriety. I found him to be diligent, sober, and attentive, and believe him to be a personage of the strictest honor, integrity and prudence.
Given under my hand this 8th day of September, 1808.
FRANCIS LEWIS.
These are to certify that I am well acquainted with Mr. John Brown, and think him a young man of good talents and singular virtues. I have known Mr. Brown for a number of years and have always found him to be a young gentleman of the most exemplary deportment. He came to my school about six or eight years past; during his continuance with me grammar was his principal study, of which science he appears to have a competent knowledge.
Given under my hand this 30th day of December, 1808.
HUGH C. BOGGS.
Notice.
Will be sold on Tuesday the 17th inst. to the highest bidder on 12 months credit—bonds with approved security will be required, the following
PROPERTY
Belonging to the estate of the late Pleasant Younghusband, dec. at his late dwelling house, in Henrico county a few miles below Richmond, all his stock of Horses, Mules, Cattle, Sheep, Hogs, Corn, Fodder, Plantation Utensils household and kitchen Furniture, &c. and will be offered for RENT, his PLANTATION near Chickahominy swamp, about four miles from Richmond—the terms of rent will be made known on the day of sale.
All persons having claims against the above estate, are requested to present them properly authenticated, to Samuel P. Parsons, at his counting house on the Basin, that provision may be made for discharging the same, and those indebted, will make immediate payment, as further indulgence cannot be given.
ELIZABETH YOUNGHUSBAND, Adm'x SAMUEL P. PARSONS, Adm'r. with the will annexed. Richmond, 1st month 7, 1809.
By virtue of a deed of trust from John Woodfin to the subscriber, bearing date the 2nd day of March 1808, and duly recorded in the county court of New-Kent, will be sold to the highest bidder on Thursday the 2nd day of February next for ready money at the House of John Woodfin in Henrico county one Negro Boy named Carter, to satisfy the debt &c. mentioned in the said deed.
Waller Ford, Trustee.
January 6, 1809.
For sale at S. Pleasants' printing office,
HENING'S
New Virginia Justice,
CONTAINING The Duties of a Justice of Peace, &c. together with a variety of useful precedents, adapted to the laws now in force. Also, forms of conveyancing, such as deeds of bargain and sale, lease and re-lease, mortgage, trust, &c.
Congress.
SENATE—January 7.
The amendments of the House of Representatives, to the bill for enforcing the embargo were taken into consideration, which, after much debate, were finally agreed to about three o'clock. The decision on most of them was Ayes 23—Nones 7.
The bill consequently only requires the signature of the President to be a law.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
THURSDAY, January 5.
MR. CHITTENDEN'S RESOLUTION.
Mr. Basset, from the committee of the whole, to whom this resolution was referred, and which had it yesterday under consideration, reported, that for a want of a sufficient number of members to do business, the committee was dissolved—an incident believed to be novel in legislation.
The Speaker decided, that in consequence of this procedure, the resolution was now at the disposal of the House.
ENFORCING THE EMBARGO.
On motion of Mr. Nicholas, the House resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Basset in the chair, on the bill for enforcing the embargo and the several acts supplementary thereto.
Mr. Elliot said he should commence where he left off the day before yesterday, and proceed in the discussion with all the spirit consistent with coolness. He went almost through the bill section by section, commenting at length upon them. To every section he stated specific objections. Before he concluded his remarks, however, the chairman observed that the gentleman could not object to sections, which had been amended, as they could not according to the rules of the House be struck out; and there was now no motion for the committee to rise. And Mr. E. closed his remarks, with an intimation that he would renew them at a future stage of the business.
The committee then rose and reported the bill.
The amendments having been gone through,
Mr. Eppes offered a new section to the bill repealing so much of the supplementary act of March 12th last, as empowers the President to permit vessels to depart from the U. S. to bring in property. This power he said was now not necessary, whatever it might have been, and had been made a pretext for evasions.—Agreed to without opposition.
Mr. Pitkin moved to strike out the 9th section the words in italic in the following: "That the collectors of all the districts, &c. shall be authorised to seize produce, &c. when there is reason to believe that they are intended for exportation, or when in vessels, carts, waggons, sleighs, or any other carriage, or in any manner apparently on their way towards the territories of a foreign nation, or the vicinity thereof, or towards a place where such articles are intended to be exported." He believed that it gave a despotic power to collectors, with military force, to arrest any property going out of the country—to take even a trunk of a citizen, which might have money in it, going from one part of the country to any place where it might probably be exported. This power to seize property in any vessels, carts, sleighs, &c. "apparently on their way towards the territories of a foreign nation" was arbitrary and despotic. Not a cart he said, could travel northwardly but was going towards the territories of a foreign nation, but would be subject to this despotic power, &c. No similar power had ever been given by any law passed in this country or any other. A man could not carry his wheat to market if the mill lay in a direction towards a foreign country, without being liable to seizure. The 4th article of the amendments to the constitution says, "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." What was "unreasonable seizure?" If this power to seize authorised by the bill were not unreasonable, he could not see what was. Was not this a violation of this article of the constitution? In article 5th no man "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law." If deprived of his property in this way, was it not, he asked, taking his property without due process of law? If the article of the constitution meant anything the bill proposed a violation of it. Mr. Pitkin also adverted to the novelty, if not unconstitutionality of giving to maritime courts jurisdiction over occurrences taking place on the land. He feared for the consequences of the thing, if the law was enforced. Whilst gentlemen took measures professedly for defending our rights on the ocean, he begged them to take care not to destroy them on the land. The bill was to maintain our right to sail without impediment from either of the belligerents; and for this purpose they were about to destroy the rights for which we had even fought and bled. Thinking thus, he felt himself bound to move the amendment, tho' he feared it would not be agreed to, for he perceived that this bill was promptly to pass by an overwhelming majority. He did not believe that this bill was necessary to enforce the embargo; and if it was, it was one of the strongest arguments against the embargo itself.
Mr. Basset observed that all the arguments of the gentlemen had been directed against the word "towards." The striking out "towards" and inserting "to" would obviate his objections. Gentlemen supposed that the powers here given to collectors was any way as arbitrary as must exist in military officers in case of war? The advocates of the embargo had adopted that measure as a lesser evil to avoid war. Was it arbitrary to keep produce at home and to compel those who had not the fear of God before their eyes and love of country in their hearts, to respect the laws of their country? Surely not; it was but justice. Was not the design to make laws operate equally, both honorable and laudable? Surely it was. What was so arbitrary in the bill? The objections seemed so changeable, so Proteus-like, that they could not be ascertained. It was altogether destructive of republicanism to say that we could not enforce or support our laws. Laws might be partially evaded; but they must be rendered generally effectual, and that was the object of this bill.
Mr. Eppes said that if he coincided in opinion with the gentleman from Connecticut on the subject of the bill, he should unquestionably vote against it; but he could not believe that it either violated the constitution or established a new jurisdiction. He was well convinced that if the gentleman from Connecticut would attend to our revenue laws, he would find infinitely greater powers had been given by them. In almost the first revenue law which had been passed under this constitution importation by land had been wholly prohibited; and he asked the attention of the House to the terms of the law, because it proved that our revenue officers had exercised jurisdiction on land as well as on water. He read the 70th section of the "act to provide more effectually for the collection of duties imposed by law on goods, wares and merchandise imported into the United States and on the tonnage of ships and vessels as follows:
"That no goods, wares or merchandise of foreign growth or manufacture, subject to the payment of duties, shall be brought into the United States from any foreign port or place in any other manner than by sea, nor in any ship or vessel of less than thirty tons burthen, except within the district of Louisvile, nor shall be landed or unladed at any other place than is by this act directed, under the penalty of seizure and forfeiture of all such vessels, and of the goods, wares or merchandise brought in, landed or unladed, in any other manner. And all goods, wares and merchandise brought into the United States by land, contrary to this act, shall be forfeited, together with the carriages, horses and oxen that shall be employed in conveying the same; provided nothing herein shall be construed to extend to household furniture and clothing, belonging to any person or persons actually removing into any part of the United States, for the purpose of becoming an inhabitant or inhabitants thereof."
This principle Mr. Eppes said was precisely the same with that now proposed. The section was not now in force, but other provisions were substituted in its place. Mr. Eppes quoted several other parts of laws, in which was given to the collectors a power to search all rafs, boats, carriages, and to stop them when suspected, &c. and in which vessels going from one port to another of the same state, were compelled to take clearances or give bond and security, &c. and persons carrying property even over land, were required to give security. And yet said Mr. E. when we now propose to give the same power in the very same words, we are told that we are violating the constitution and destroying the rights of the citizen! The constitution, he said, had wisely provided that the citizen should be secure in his person and property. But if a man's property were found under such circumstances as to authorize a belief that he intended to violate a law of the U. S. was it an infraction of the right of the citizen to compel him to give bond that he will not? The very gentlemen themselves who raised this outcry, had passed laws stronger than this. He was against the amendment proposed, because it authorized no seizure in any situation in which property would not be liable to seizure for infraction of the present revenue laws.
Mr. Dana could not subscribe to the opinion of the gentleman from Virginia, that the principles of this bill were recognised in the revenue laws. He said he would enter into no examination of the question whether an embar-
go, laid indefinitely without limitation of time, was constitutional or not. But he objected to this part of the bill: that it authorised the officers of the U. S. to seize property to which the U. S. had no claim. In every case where property became forfeited in consequence of a contravention of the law, that property might, without violating general principles, be seized by the officers acting for the public. The act of seizure brings it before the court, and if ascertained to be forfeited, it is immediately liable to confiscation. This was not the case in the present bill, for the person whose property was seized, was permitted to have it again on giving security for its value. The very idea of a man's regaining his property on giving security, was incompatible with the seizure of goods as forfeited. The suspicion of an intent to evade the law could be no ground for seizure. In the case of the revenue laws, the very fact of goods being found within the lines, not having paid duty, was ipso facto evidence of their being forfeited, transferred the property to the use of the U. S. and make it liable to seizure. On this ground therefore he thought the part which was moved to be stricken out wholly unwarranted.
Mr. D. R. Williams suggested a modification of the amendment, which he believed would satisfy the fastidiousness (for so he was compelled to call it) of the gentleman from Connecticut. He observed that it used to be penal for a man even to move any part of his property after sun down, and yet he believed that none of the distress had been felt from that law which gentlemen seemed to apprehend from this law.
Mr. Livermore thought this section and indeed the whole bill could not be understood by gentlemen, or there could be no difference of opinion on the subject. The bill indeed had been very essentially altered since it came from the Senate; for, before it was amended, it contained a provision by which a collector, who had any particular hatred to any man, might go with a band of soldiers and seize his property. [Mr. Eppes denied that the bill had contained any such provision.] Mr. Livermore said that the collector was authorised to seize property when he believed it intended for exportation, not confining the right of seizure to any particular limits, were it not for the amendment made by the house. If money had been accumulated in a bank, Mr. L. said that it might have been seized under a pretence of a suspicion that it was intended for exportation. And as the bill now stood, suppose a man travelling from this place to Baltimore, which is an exporting place, having with him in his carriage or vehicle a sum of money, it would be in the power of any person to seize it, saying that it was intended for exportation, and keep it till he had been able to procure security for its retention in the U. S. What would be the consequence if this power should be tyrannically exercised? Why, the revenue officer might be sued for damages, &c. Mr. L. made some observations on the subject of the process in this case, &c. He considered this bill as vesting arbitrary powers in the Executive, and oppressive to the citizen. This, he said, was the way in which all countries had lost their liberties, by gradual assumptions and delegations of powers. Rome had not established a dictatorship in a day; gradual approaches were always made to despotism. He said he should vote against the amendment & against the bill, because he did believe, if passed, that it would be subversive of the liberties of the people of the United States.
Mr. Eppes said, that the gentleman from Massachusetts must have lately taken a trip to the island of Trionia, described by Dean Swift, and received some instructions from the artists who were so dexterous in finding out hidden meanings in words, for instance that a flock of geese signified a senate, a buzzard a prime minister, &c. because he had given meanings to the bill, which could not be justified by the language of the bill, or fairly inferred from it. The bill as sent from the Senate, Mr. Eppes said did not authorise any such seizure; and he asked the gentleman from Massachusetts, as a lawyer, whether any collector would dare to violate the constitution by attempting to search a house without a warrant? The gentleman knew that he could not; that law could not give such a power. The gentleman had told them that Roman liberty had not been destroyed at once. If they looked into Roman history they would find that Rome was once saved by the braying of an ass; that the cackling of geese once saved the capitol; that the conspiracy of Catiline had been betrayed by a woman. These were remarkable circumstances, but had no more connection with the question than the gentleman's case of the dictatorship. Mr. Eppes said, when he saw gentlemen supporting objections like the gentleman from Connecticut, (Mr. Pitkin) he could meet and respect them; but when he heard a gentleman say that by the bill an officer could violate a private sanctuary, when he looked into the law, and found no
go, laid indefinitely without limitation of time, was constitutional or not. But he objected to this part of the bill: that it authorised the officers of the U. S. to seize property to which the U. S. had no claim. In every case where property became forfeited in consequence of a contravention of the law, that property might, without violating general principles, be seized by the officers acting for the public. The act of seizure brings it before the court, and if ascertained to be forfeited, it is immediately liable to confiscation. This was not the case in the present bill, for the person whose property was seized, was permitted to have it again on giving security for its value. The very idea of a man's regaining his property on giving security, was incompatible with the seizure of goods as forfeited. The suspicion of an intent to evade the law could be no ground for seizure. In the case of the revenue laws, the very fact of goods being found within the lines, not having paid duty, was ipso facto evidence of their being forfeited, transferred the property to the use of the U. S. and make it liable to seizure. On this ground therefore he thought the part which was moved to be stricken out wholly unwarranted.
Mr. D. R. Williams suggested a modification of the amendment, which he believed would satisfy the fastidiousness (for so he was compelled to call it) of the gentleman from Connecticut. He observed that it used to be penal for a man even to move any part of his property after sun down, and yet he believed that none of the distress had been felt from that law which gentlemen seemed to apprehend from this law.
Mr. Livermore thought this section and indeed the whole bill could not be understood by gentlemen, or there could be no difference of opinion on the subject. The bill indeed had been very essentially altered since it came from the Senate; for, before it was amended, it contained a provision by which a collector, who had any particular hatred to any man, might go with a band of soldiers and seize his property. [Mr. Eppes denied that the bill had contained any such provision.] Mr. Livermore said that the collector was authorised to seize property when he believed it intended for exportation, not confining the right of seizure to any particular limits, were it not for the amendment made by the house. If money had been accumulated in a bank, Mr. L. said that it might have been seized under a pretence of a suspicion that it was intended for exportation. And as the bill now stood, suppose a man travelling from this place to Baltimore, which is an exporting place, having with him in his carriage or vehicle a sum of money, it would be in the power of any person to seize it, saying that it was intended for exportation, and keep it till he had been able to procure security for its retention in the U. S. What would be the consequence if this power should be tyrannically exercised? Why, the revenue officer might be sued for damages, &c. Mr. L. made some observations on the subject of the process in this case, &c. He considered this bill as vesting arbitrary powers in the Executive, and oppressive to the citizen. This, he said, was the way in which all countries had lost their liberties, by gradual assumptions and delegations of powers. Rome had not established a dictatorship in a day; gradual approaches were always made to despotism. He said he should vote against the amendment & against the bill, because he did believe, if passed, that it would be subversive of the liberties of the people of the United States.
Mr. Eppes said, that the gentleman from Massachusetts must have lately taken a trip to the island of Trionia, described by Dean Swift, and received some instructions from the artists who were so dexterous in finding out hidden meanings in words, for instance that a flock of geese signified a senate, a buzzard a prime minister, &c. because he had given meanings to the bill, which could not be justified by the language of the bill, or fairly inferred from it. The bill as sent from the Senate, Mr. Eppes said did not authorise any such seizure; and he asked the gentleman from Massachusetts, as a lawyer, whether any collector would dare to violate the constitution by attempting to search a house without a warrant? The gentleman knew that he could not; that law could not give such a power. The gentleman had told them that Roman liberty had not been destroyed at once. If they looked into Roman history they would find that Rome was once saved by the braying of an ass; that the cackling of geese once saved the capitol; that the conspiracy of Catiline had been betrayed by a woman. These were remarkable circumstances, but had no more connection with the question than the gentleman's case of the dictatorship. Mr. Eppes said, when he saw gentlemen supporting objections like the gentleman from Connecticut, (Mr. Pitkin) he could meet and respect them; but when he heard a gentleman say that by the bill an officer could violate a private sanctuary, when he looked into the law, and found no
go, laid indefinitely without limitation of time, was constitutional or not. But he objected to this part of the bill: that it authorised the officers of the U. S. to seize property to which the U. S. had no claim. In every case where property became forfeited in consequence of a contravention of the law, that property might, without violating general principles, be seized by the officers acting for the public. The act of seizure brings it before the court, and if ascertained to be forfeited, it is immediately liable to confiscation. This was not the case in the present bill, for the person whose property was seized, was permitted to have it again on giving security for its value. The very idea of a man's regaining his property on giving security, was incompatible with the seizure of goods as forfeited. The suspicion of an intent to evade the law could be no ground for seizure. In the case of the revenue laws, the very fact of goods being found within the lines, not having paid duty, was ipso facto evidence of their being forfeited, transferred the property to the use of the U. S. and make it liable to seizure. On this ground therefore he thought the part which was moved to be stricken out wholly unwarranted.

Extract of a letter from a gentleman in New York to his friend in Richmond, dated 24th December, 1808.
"I have been at Passamaquoddy, where smuggling has been carried on to a vast extent. I have not a doubt but that from the small town of Eastport, 200 000 barrels of beef, pork, flour and naval stores, have been carried to the English colony of New Brunswick since the embargo laws were passed.
When the quantity taken from other parts of the union are added to this, it may be in some measure perceived how far the system of Embargo could be effectual; when the vital principle was destroyed, not alone by federalists, but by those who pretend to be the supporters of administration. Private and public interests are of different shades—though a foreigner, and boundless than those who have natural ties to this, their native soil I have never interfered with any contraband trade."
FOR THE VIRGINIA ARGUS.
That train of politics, which has been, for some time, entered into by our rulers, being well understood to be continued; it would perhaps, not be amiss, to recreate the mental faculties, so highly irritated by acrimonious party opinions, with a short discussion of the present mode of education in that state, which, for various reasons, is lamented, the main pillar of the union.
It will only be attempted, in this cursory examination, to shew what is thought to be that system of information, which is, in the highest degree, concordant to reason; and most productive of real knowledge. If these desultory opinions be just, contrary ones must be incorrect. A minute enquiry into the existing manner of communicating intelligence, would, to me, be disagreeable and painful. But as these observations are intended to apply generally: I do not expect to give offence to individuals. The just expansion of the juvenile mind, has always been held, the great support of a popular form of government; and the only means, by which genuine liberty, can be well understood and enjoyed. But nothing can be more absurd than a uniform system of education. A consideration of situation and future destination, relatively applied, should always be kept in view. What is a correct mode of education for one, would be quite preposterous for another; unless nature, as she sometimes does, should bestow on mankind a more than ordinary genius; which certainly should not be restrained, but suffered to rove at pleasure, in the extensive fields of literature.
And here I most solemnly protest against the opinion, that all are born with equal mental powers. I do not deny, but that in infancy all appear so; but, as the mind expands, what an astonishing difference do we observe, even in those possessing the same advantages! But we have to lament, that it is not always the sprightly penetrating genius, that terminates in solidity and profundity. Many it not be, that in the volatile progress of the fine genius, the road to science is not sufficiently surveyed? or if it is, that, by the celerity of acquirement, sufficient impressions do not always remain. An elegant and learned modern writer, after giving a biographical sketch of a most singular phenomenon in literature, who, having ranged through the whole circle of science, and destroyed his constitution by continual assiduity, died at the age of nineteen, concludes with the following metaphorical contrast: "The poplar, which soon becomes a lofty tree, will soon decay; the strong and stardy oak, whose majestic trunk stands unimpaired through centuries, requires a century to bring it to maturity."
If this be true, upon mature consideration, that mind, which, steady and unyielding, possesses sufficient force, by long and close examination, for the acquisition of the desired intelligence, may, perhaps, be most safely relied on for encompassing, what ought to be the ultimate intention of the student, real knowledge.
The necessity for a knowledge of the learned languages, is held by some to be indispensable requisite; while others as zealously, assert their inutility. If any one will, for a moment, reflect on the imperfection of our language, and its want of originality; that all the learned and elegant parts of it, are Latin and Greek in masquerade; that, till lately, almost all learning had been confined to those two languages; and, that even now, the philosophical opinions of their writers, with some exceptions, constitute the base of the modern fabric of science; he must acknowledge his conviction of their all-importance. But those of a different opinion, answer, that some, destitute of this sort of learning, have figured greatly in the literary world, and even enlightened their cotemporaries by original discoveries. Admitting this, I fear very much, that these should be considered raræ aves ; and that, before we instance a Franklin or a Henry as models for youth, we should guarantee to the nation a genius, which will, ultimately, in defiance of the defects of education, like the luminary of heaven in the dispersion of morning clouds, burst forth with an innate splendor that is truly as- shining.
The great principle of education should be, that language and science go hand in hand. Whenever they are compelled to pursue their way separately; what unfortunate consequences ensue! Every body knows, that all the classics in the two learned languages, are replete with traits of science. How then can the pupil understand his author, unless he have received, previously, the necessary information. On the other hand, if the true meaning of the writer be not fully comprehended, it is utterly impossible for the bewildered student to acquire a just knowledge of the genuine force and grammatical properties of language. Notwithstanding the perspicuity of this position, in the best seminaries, of which I have known anything, the unhappy pupil, to whom science, at first, is totally denied, is forced, in the flower of youth, to attempt acquiring a knowledge of authors, whose subject matter is, in many in-
June 23 Act of parliament, regulating trade between the United States and Great Britain Oct. 14 Admiral Cochrane's blockade of the French leeward islands.
LIST OF FRENCH DECREES.
May 9, 1793. Authorises French vessels to arrest and bring into the ports of the republic, vessels laden with provisions destined for an enemy's port.
May 23, 1793. Exempts American vessels from the operation of the decree of the 9th.
May 23, 1793. Suspends the decrees of the 9th.
July 1, 1793. The decree of the 23d again enforced.
July 27, 1793. The decree of the 23d of May repealed, and that of 9th of May enforced.
25th Brumaire, 3d year, 17th Nov. 1794. General regulations, the most important is, that merchandise belonging to the enemy is made liable to seizure in neutral vessels until the enemy shall exempt from seizure French merchandise similarly situated.
14th Nivose, 3d year, 3d January, 1795. Repeals the fifth article of the above, and exempts enemy's goods from capture in neutral vessels.
14th Messidor, 4th year, 2d July, 1796. The French will treat neutral nations as they suffer themselves to be treated by the English.
17th Ventose, 5th year, 2d March, 1797. Enemy's property in neutral vessels liable to confiscation, makes necessary Rule d'Eguipages .
29th Nivose, 6th year, 18th January, 1798. The character of vessels to be determined by that of their cargoes.
28th Ventose, 7th year, 18th March, 1799. Explains the 4th article of the decree of the 2d of March, 1797.
8th Brumaire, 7th year, 29th Oct. 1799. Neutrals found on board enemy's vessels liable to be treated as pirates.
24th Brumaire, 7th year, 14th Nov. 1799. Suspends the operation of the above decree for the 29th October.
23d Frimaire, 8th year, 13th Dec. 1800. Repeals the first article of the law of the 19th Nivose, 6th year, 18th Jan. 1798.
29th Frimaire, 8th year. Enforces the regulations of the 20th July, 1778.
21st Niv., 1806. Berlin decree.
17th Dec., 1807. Milan decree.
17th April, 1808. Bayonne decree.
List of decrees of French agents in the West Indies, sent to the president, 22d December, 1808.
1. August 1, 1797. Making horses contraband.
2. February 1, 1797. Authorises the capture of neutral vessels bound to certain West India islands.
3. November 27th, 1797. Authorises the capture of American vessels going to or coming from English ports.
4. February 5, 1805. Declares that all persons found on board vessels bound to or coming from any ports in Hispaniola, in possession of the rebels, shall suffer death.
SPANISH DECREES.
1. February 15, 1805. Blockade of Gibraltar.
2. February 13, 1807. In imitation of the Berlin decree.
3. January 3, 1808. In imitation of the Milan decree.
PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 7.
It is reported in town, that letters have been received from members of Congress, which state that the new Congress will meet immediately after the close of the present Congress. Perhaps this report may have arisen from the usual circular letter issued from the department of state to members of the senate, some of which have been received by mail.—Aurora.
The Washington Mon. states the following propositions as the basis of the peace offered by the pair of emperors at Erfurth, to the British government.
PROPOSITIONS.
1st. Hanover to be restored to Great Britain.
2d. Brunswick to be restored to the heirs of the duke.
3d. Holland to be restored to the prince of Orange.
4th. Portugal to be restored to the duke of Braganza, or to become a British colony.
5th. King Ferdinand (of Naples) to regain the Island of Sicily.
6th. Joseph Napoleon to become king of Spain and Indies.
But we certainly must obtain more authentic advice, before we can suppose Bonaparte will part with the kingdom of Westphalia, the link that binds Prussia, Holland, Denmark and the confederation of the Rhine to the French empire; this at once excludes all credit to the 1st and 2d articles—Holland, for the same reason we cannot believe likely to be abandoned; and the idea of admitting Portugal to be a British province, is such an absurdity in the very terms of it as we cannot credit
FOR SALE, A SECOND HAND
Coachee,
Large and strong-built, well calculated for a public stage or hack. Also a pair of well-broke, gentle
Bay Horses.
They will be sold low for cash, or on a credit of ninety days, the purchaser giving an approved negotiable note. Apply to the owner.
For sale or Rent,
An eligible situation for a Tavern and Store, situated 17 miles above Manchester on the Buckingham road—known by the name of Hall'sborough—the survey contains 114 acres, with a good dwelling house, store house and out houses. For terms apply to
Jacob Fackler.
Richmond, 12 Jan. 1809.
Livermore, Lyon, Masters, Milnor, Mosely, Pitkin, Quincy, Russell, Sloan, Standford, Sedman, Surges, Taggart, Talmadge, Upham, Van Cortlandt, Van Dyke, Van Rensselaer—32.
And the House adjourned, a little after day-light, till Saturday.
Saturday, Dec. 7.
EXTRA SESSION OF CONGRESS.
The House were engaged till near five o'clock to-day in discussing the following resolution proposed by Mr. Smilie, which was finally agreed to, 62 to 21: "Resolved that a committee be appointed to enquire into the propriety of providing by law for the meeting of Congress at an earlier period than the 1st Monday in December next, with leave to report by bill otherwise."
The debate on this resolution involved the question, whether it would not be proper, before the first day of December, viz. in the middle of May or beginning of June, essentially to change the attitude of the nation, if no change took place in the measures of foreign powers? The resolution was supported by Messrs. Smith, Eppes, G. W. Campbell, S. S. B. B. Troup, Johnson, Rhea, Bacon, Taylor, Nichols, Southard and N. Ison. Messrs. D. R. Williams, Macon, Holland, Alexander, Talmadge, and Stanford either opposed the resolution directly or advocated its postponement. Most of those who supported it declared it as their opinion that unless foreign powers revoked their orders and decrees at an early day, it would be proper to raise the embargo and substitute war, and that it behoved Congress to be at their posts to take this important step.
We are prevented, by want of room from giving a further account of this day's proceedings.
MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT.
Transmitting copies of acts, decrees, orders and proclamations, affecting the commercial rights of neutral nations.
To the House of Representatives of the United States.
According to the request of the house of representatives, in their resolution of Nov. 11, that copies should be laid before them of all acts, decrees, orders and proclamations, affecting the commercial rights of neutral nations, issued or enacted by Great Britain and France, or any other belligerent power since the year 1791, and also of an act placing the commerce of America, in English ports upon the footing of the most favored nation, I now transmit a report of the secretary of state, of such of them as have been attainable in the department of state, and are supposed to have entered into the views of the house of representatives.
TH: JEFFERSON.
December 23, 1808.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE, December 21, 1808.
The secretary of state, in pursuance of the resolution of the house of representatives of the 11th of November, respectfully reports to the president of the U. States, a copy of an act of the British parliament, regulating the trade between the U. States and Great Britain, and also copies of such belligerent acts, decrees, orders and proclamations, as affect neutral rights of commerce, and as have been attainable in the department of state; with the exception, however, of sundry acts, particularly blockades of doubtful import, or inferior importance, which it was supposed would have inconveniently extended the delay and size of the report.
JAMES MADISON.
BRITISH DECREES.
1793. March 25. Extract from the Russian treaty.*
May 25. do. Spanish *
July 14. do. Prussian *
Aug. 30. do. Emperor *
June 8. Additional instructions with respect to corn meal, &c. &c.
Nov. 6. Do. Detention of neutral vessels laden with goods the produce of French colonies, &c. &c.
Jan. 3, 1794. Revocation of the last order, and the enactment of new regulations.
March 22, 1799. Blockade of all the ports of Holland.
Nov. 27. Suspension of the blockade of Holland.
June 24, 1803. Direct trade between neutrals and the colonies of enemies not to be interrupted, unless upon the outward voyage contraband supplies shall have been furnished by the neutrals.
April 12, 1804. Instructions concerning blockades, communicated by Mr. Merry.
Conversion of the siege of Curacoa into a blockade.
August 9. Blockade of Fecamp, &c. &c.
August 17, 1805. Direct trade with enemies colonies subjected to restriction.
April 8, 1806. Blockade of the Ems, Weser, &c.
May 16. Do. from the Elbe to Brest.
Sept. 25. Discontinuance of the last blockade in part.
March 12, 1807. Interdiction of the trade, from port to port of France.
June 26. Blockade of the Ems, &c. &c.
October 16. Proclamation recalling seamen.
November 11. Three orders in council.
25. Six orders in council.
Jan. 8, 1808. Blockade of Carthagena, &c. &c.
March 28. Act of Parliament.
April 11. Orders encouraging our citizens to violate the embargo.
April 14, 1808. Act of Parliament to prohibit the exportation of cotton, wool, &c.
Act of Parliament making valid certain orders in council, &c.
May 4. Blockade of Copenhagen and the island of Zealand.
* All these treaties, &c. contain conditions and agreements to cut up and destroy the commerce of France, and to prevent neutrals aiding her either directly or indirectly.
ney in favor of, and Mr. Macon against the new section proposed, Mr. Culpepper moved to adjourn—Ayes 25, Noes 68.
Mr. G. W. Campbell opposed the resolution in a speech of a few minutes.
Mr. Dana spoke at an hour in favor of it. Mr. Macon spoke in reply for half an hour.
Mr. Lyon spoke in favor of the amendment about twenty minutes.
Mr. Smilie spoke in reply about the same time.
8 o'clock—Mr. Stanford moved to adjourn—Ayes 26.
Mr. Livermore spoke in favor of the amendment and in reply to Mr. Smilie about twenty minutes.
Mr. Masters commenced a speech in favor of the amendment. After having spoken about twenty minutes, he was called to order, in the midst of a history of the trial of Louis XVI, and resumed his seat.
9 o'clock—Mr. Elliot rose and commenced a speech in favor of the resolution. Before he had been speaking many minutes, he was called to order by Mr. J. G. Jackson; the Speaker decided that he was not in order. Mr. Gardner appealed from his decision, which was confirmed by a large majority. Mr. Elliot proceeded in reading through the documents commenced this session. He was repeatedly called to order; but the Speaker uniformly decided that if the gentleman chose to make any pamphlet or book a part of his speech, he was afterwards called to order by the Speaker, when giving an account of his political life and the regret he felt at some votes which he had given. He concluded his remarks a little after 12 o'clock.
The clerk then proceeded to call the Yeas and Nays on the amendment. After the first member on the list had answered, a member rising to speak,
The Speaker observed that it was not in order to debate the question after the first member called had answered.
Mr. Randolph appealed from his decision affirming at the same time, that the member who had answered was not in his seat at the time.
After some little altercation, the speaker's decision was confirmed by the House—Yea 99—Nays 10.
The question was then finally taken on Mr. Surges' amendment, by Yeas and Nays as follows:
YEAS—Messrs. Champion, Chittenden, Culpepper, Dana, Davenport, Elly, Ely, Gardner, Gardner, Garnett, Goldsborough, Gray, Harris, R. Jackson, Jenkins, Key, Lewis, Livermore, Lyon, Masters, Milnor, Mosely, Pitkin, Quincy, Randolph, Russell, Sloan, Sedman, Storges, Taggart, Talmadge, Upham, Van Cortlandt, Van Dyke, Van Rensselaer—35.
NAYS—Messrs. Alexander, L. J. Alston, W. Alston, Bacon, Bard, Barker, Bassett, Bibb, Blackledge, Blake, Blount, Boyd, Boyle, Brown, Butler, Calhoun, G. W. Campbell, Clay, Clifton, Cuts, Deane, Desha, Eppes, Fisk, Franklin, Gholson, Green, Heiser, Holland, H. Imler, Howard, Humphreys, Imler, J. G. Jackson, Johnson, Jones, Kenan, Kirkpatrick, Lambeth, Macon, Marion, D. Montgomery, J. Montgomery, N. R. Moore, T. Moore, Jer. Morrow, John Morrow, Munford, Nelson, Newbold, Newton, Nichols, Porter, Rea, (Pen.) Rhea, (Ten.) J. Richards, M. Richards, Seaver, Shaw, Smilie, J. K. Smith, John Smith, S. Smith, Southard, Stanford Storer, Story, Swart, Taylor, Thompson, Troup, Van Allen, Verplanck, Wharton, Whitehill, Wilbour, D. R. Williams, A. Wilson, N. Wilson, Winn—31.
The question recurring on the bill's going to a third reading,
Mr. Surges moved to adjourn—Yeas 35—Nays 79.
Messrs. Storges, Gardner, Sloan, Livermore and Vlosely opposed the bill.
Mr. Dana moved to strike out the 11th section giving power to call out the military to assist in enforcing the law. Motion lost. Yeas 31—Nays 70.
Mr. Upham moved to adjourn—Ayes 28.
Messrs. Gardner and Van Dyke opposed the bill.
4 o'clock—Question on its going to a third reading decided—Yeas 29—Nays 73.
On the question when it should be read a third time, Messrs. Quincy, Upham, Lyon, Gardner, Alexander, and Dana spoke in favor of Saturday, and Messrs. Nelson and Taylor for this day. Mr. Quincy called for the Yeas and Nays on the motion for Saturday. Motion lost—Yeas 35—Nays 68.
Half past 5 o'clock.—Bill read the third time On the question "Shall the bill pass?" Mr. Stedman called for the Yeas and Nays.
After some observations from Messrs. Masters and Eppes, the question was taken as follows:
YEAS—Messrs. Alexander, L. J. Alston, W. Alston, Bacon, Bard, Barker, Bassett, Bibb, Blackledge, Blake, Blount, Boyd, Boyle, Brown, Butler, Calhoun, G. W. Campbell, Clay, Clifton, Cuts, Deane, Desha, Eppes, Fisk, Franklin, Gholson, J. Green, Heiser, Holland, H. Imler, Howard, Humphreys, J. G. Jackson, Johnson, Jones, Kenan, Kirkpatrick, Lambeth, Macon, Marion, J. Montgomery, N. R. Moore, T. Moore, Jer. Morrow, John Morrow, Nelson, Newbold, Newton, Nichols, Porter, J. Rea, (Pen.) Rhea, (Ten.) J. Richards, M. Richards, Seaver, Shaw, Smilie, J. K. Smith, J. Smith, Storer, Story, Taylor, Troup, Van Allen, Verplanck, Wharton, Whitehill, Wilbour, D. R. Williams, A. Wilson, Winn—71.
NAYS—Messrs. Champion, Chittenden, Culpepper, Dana, Davenport, Jr. Ely, Gardner, Gardner, Garnett, Goldsborough, Harris, R. Jackson, Jenkins, Lewis,
such provision, he could not treat his observations, with attention.
Mr. Livermore said that the gentleman could not have understood him as alluding to the bill as it now stood, but as it had come from the Senate. The gentleman had asked him as a lawyer, whether a man could enter a house without a warrant and seize property? He could not by virtue of a law, and why? Because the constitution would prevent him. But this did not take away the impropriety of passing such a law. He did not believe that the courts of justice had become so corrupt, or would display such a vile submission to any authority as to submit to carry into effect a law which was unconstitutional. He said, that he attributed no wrong intention to gentlemen; but he conceived it possible that their feelings might hide from them the true construction of the law. He warned gentlemen against it. Gentlemen might talk about asses and geese, for he supposed the gentleman meant to be severe upon him—if so, he would return the compliment. [Mr. Eppes said, he had not applied the observation to any one; if there was any application in the case, the gentleman had certainly taken it to himself.] Mr. L. said, he had expressed no opinion, but such as were founded on mature reflection.
After some remarks in explanation from Mr. Dana,
The question on Mr. Pitkin's amendment was taken; and it was negatived—Yeas 41—Nays 51.
Mr. Surges moved to amend the last section, by striking out the term of limitation of the law to the duration of the embargo, and inserting as the period at which this bill should expire, "the first day of June next."
Mr. G. W. Campbell observed, that although he was decidedly opposed to this motion, he wished it to be understood that long before the first of June, he might not be willing to adopt a stronger measure, if no change of our situation took place.
The question was taken on striking out the words in the bill, to make room for the amendment, and lost—Yeas 27—Nays 75. Mr. Storges' amendment of course fell with it.
Mr. Storges then offered the following, as a new section to the bill; "And be it further enacted, that this act, and the act laying an embargo, and the laws supplementary to it, be repealed on the fourth of March next."
Mr. Cook moved to adjourn—Ayes 26.
Mr. Blount said, he was not prepared to say that there might not be a time when the embargo ought to be removed, even if our difficulties were not removed; but he was certain, that whenever it was removed, some other measure must be adopted. He moved as an amendment to the gentleman's motion the following: "And that from and after the fourth day of March next, it shall be lawful for the President of the U. States, to issue letters of marque and reprisal to such citizens of the U. S. as shall apply for them, against the nations having edicts in force violating the lawful commerce of the U. States."
Mr. Livermore said, it was true that the Congress of the U. States had the power of declaring war; but he did not know that they could delegate the power to the President of the U. States. He said he was not surprised at it; for they seemed to have arrived at a period when they should choose a dictator, and vest him with the power of life and death.
Mr. Eppes said, that the gentleman from North-Carolina, had expressed clearly his idea; that he was not prepared to vote on the amendment of Mr. Storges, and merely meant to express his idea that if the embargo was taken off at this moment, letters of marque ought to be granted. In this opinion, Mr. Eppes coincided with him exactly. The gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. Livermore) did not pretend to say that Congress had not the power to issue letters of marque and reprisal, Who then, (said he) is to sign them? Our Speaker? No, sir; most probably the executive, to whom the gentleman is so tender of granting power. I shall vote for the amendment of the gentleman from North Carolina, but do not consider it as pledging me to vote for the whole section of the gentleman from Connecticut (Mr. Storges) as proposed to be amended; tho' I will not say that on the fourth of March, it might not be proper to do so.
Mr. Blount rose to correct an impression which appeared to exist, that he was anxious to go to war. There was not a man in the house that was less disposed for it; in voting for the embargo he had been actuated by a desire to avert it. He was still in favor of a continuance of the embargo, and hoped it would yet avert war. He introduced this amendment to register his vote, that our injuries had

stances entirely beyond his reach. In this situation, if he acquire any information, it must be a superficial knowledge of words; and very often, through the residue of life, detests the excellent writers, placed in his hands by his injudicious tutor. Inflexibly advocate system in education; but let that system be regulated by reason and experience.
1. The pupil should first learn to pronounce with just articulation, his native language; having at the same time, regard to punctuation, as it relates to the modulation of the voice. Writing, requiring little exertion of the mind, may commence at the earliest period of education. 2. Then the grammar of the vernacular tongue should be committed to memory, which conduces highly to the necessary strength of the tender mind; and arithmetic begun. 3. After that, the application of grammatical rules in the analysis of language; and geography, accompanied by incidental explanations of the involved principles of geometry. In this course of education the pupil is sure to be informed and delighted. And here the judicious tutor will avail himself of numberless opportunities to expand the mind, as far as its immaturity will allow, by imparting ideas of general knowledge. 4. In the next place, he will begin the Latin language; commence the reading of history; and enter on, the only sure foundation of science, geometry. 5. As the student gains information and maturity of mind, he will be able to enter into the complexity, and taste the beauties of the Greek language; to engage in the study of Algebra, and the sublimer parts of Mathematics, and become acquainted with Natural and Moral Philosophy. 6. Finally, the mental powers, having acquired the finest texture, and most intrinsic value, will, by the perusal of works of taste and criticism, become polished, and acquire that degree of excellence, which is the most elevated point of human perfection.
AMICUS JUVENTUTIS. December 15, 1808.
List of Directors of the Bank of Virginia, and its Branches, lately appointed. For the Bank of Virginia. Abrm B Venable, Wm. Wardlaw, Benj Hatcher, Patrick Gibson, Joseph Gallego, David Bullock, Gabriel Ralston, Robert Gamble, John H. F. ushee, John Tompkins, Gervas Stotts, Geo. Jefferson, Samuel Pleasants,
For the Office at Fredericksburg. David C. Ker, Thomas Goodwin, John Minor, Robert Patton, John T. Brooke, George French, John Mercer, Wm. S. Stone, Hugh Mercer, Jno. Hollingsworth, John Taliaferro, John T. Daniel, Charles L. Carter,
For the Office at Norfolk. Richard E. Lee, Christopher Fry, Alex'r. C. Jordan, George McIntosh, Samuel Marsh, John Southgate, Dr. James Taylor, George Newton, Wm. B. Lamb, Wm. B. Selden, Samuel Moseley, John Brown, Martin Fisk,
For the Office at Petersburg. Robert Birchett, Paul Nash, James Byrne, Robert Walker, Alexander Brown, Benj. Edwards, Joel Hammon, Samuel Christian, William Bowden, Wm. C. Boswell, Archibald Baugh, Wm. Potts, William Clark, Those marked thus * are new members.
Our countrymen will do well not to treat the following article too lightly.
[Nat. Intel.] St. JOHN'S, (Antigua,) Nov. 15. We have been favored with the following extract of a letter to a gentleman in this island, dated Bermudas, 17th October, 1808. "It is a fact that an expedition of some magnitude is fitting out at Halifax, and to take with it a great number of flat bottomed boats, which cannot be wanted in the West Indies. It will call at this island for the 13th regiment, which is now in readiness to embark at a moment's warning—its destination is of course unknown; but it is conjectured, that in case America does not act, on the meeting of congress, in an open and explicit manner, an attack will be made, (at our instigation and with our support,) by the Spaniards from Florida, with intent to regain possession of Louisiana."
The above conjecture certainly does not appear probable. We imagine these flat-bottomed boats would be at least as unnecessary on the friendly coast of Florida, where no opposition would be made to the landing of our little army as on the bold, but hostile shores of Martinique and Guadalupe. Indeed, more so, for in the invasion of an enemy's country, it is always desirable to disembark troops in as large bodies as possible; and for this purpose the common boats of our men of war are by no means so well calculated as those with flat bottoms. In addition, it is not likely that there should be a sufficient number of Spanish soldiers in Florida to retain possession of Louisiana, even when supported by our small expedition, and supposing them fortunate enough in the first instance to overrun that country; nor can any hope be entertained of assistance from Old Spain at the present period. But there is one more powerful consideration which alone overthrows this conjecture, namely, that no war exists between Great Britain and America, nor is there now likelihood of it more, from all we can learn, than for some time past. Upon the whole, notwithstanding the flat-bottomed boats, no object seems so probable as the French colonies in these seas.
Mr. Elliott, brother of Lord Minto, has been appointed to the government of these Islands. Gen. Beckworth to that of Barbadoes, and Sir Charles Brisbane to St. Vincent.
From the Museum of Delaware. Mr. Jones—On the subject of the state of Delaware's quota of 100,000 militia, for public defence, it is stated in the "Register," that the governor, when he received orders to draft the state's quota, replied that he should issue no orders on that subject, until he had been informed of the object for
which the troops were to be raised. That as commander in chief of the state force, he considered himself entitled to such information, and that he wrote to Mr. White to procure the information, who accordingly made a motion in the senate with a view of drawing forth the real object of the measure. And in consequence of the information not being obtained, it is stated that no step has been taken to organize the quota of Delaware. I am not inclined to give this tale, published in the "Register" and other papers, credit. The governor of the state of Delaware (notwithstanding it might be the wish of some disorganizers among us) has too much sense to commit himself by a refusal to obey the orders of the general government. The publication must have been made by some enemy of government or Truitt's. The state of Delaware was the first to adopt the constitution of the United States, and, it is hoped, will be the last to refuse support to the laws made under its authority. The congress of the United States having authorized the president to call for the public service 100,000 militia, each state to furnish its quota thereof agreeably to the authority aforesaid, the state of Delaware has been called on for her quota. The legislature of this state was convened, and made an appropriation for arming the quota at that time required. By the returns of the present adjutant general, the quota will be increased; and it will be proved that governor Truitt did communicate this information to the members of the general assembly, when they met in November last, for the purpose of choosing electors.
A CITIZEN OF DELAWARE.
FROM THE BOSTON CHRONICLE War with England.—If we were at war with Great Britain, we should take Canada and Nova Scotia; this would not only materially weaken our enemy but would greatly add to the power and revenue of the U. States. It would render the West India islands wholly, (and Britain in a great measure dependent on the U. States for their timber and spars; it would give us all the fisheries of Newfoundland, and would increase the dependence of Britain upon us, for wheat, naval stores, pot and pearl ashes, and furs.
If we were at war with Great Britain, we should have trade with all the world, the British islands and dependencies only excepted. This trade would be amply sufficient for the exportation of all our surplus products at high prices. There doubtless would be some of our vessels captured, but we should be well remunerated for their loss, by the increased prices which would be obtained by those which would go in safety; and when we take into consideration that England would have no arsenal or naval dock yard within 8000 miles of our coast; that she is at war with most of the powers of Europe, that we may have a considerable navy, which may be speedily increased; when we reflect on these circumstances, we may presume the captures that would be made by the cruisers of Britain would not be numerous.
If we were at war with Great Britain the numerous private ships of war, that would be fitted out by companies, and individuals, would give business to the various artisans employed in naval equipments, would give great profits to the owners and crews, would supply the country with British products, and would greatly annoy the enemy.
Our manufactures would multiply and thrive. The fortifications of our ports, and our navy, would secure our coasts from insult.
But above all, we should force Great Britain to do us justice; we should raise our national reputation, even with her; we should wipe away the stain on our national character which the long and patient endurance of the wrongs she has done us, has placed upon it; we should rid ourselves of a few old stories who now infest us; and should become an united, brave, and happy people. 76.
WASHINGTON CITY, Jan. 7.
Extract of a letter from a mariner at New York to the editor of the Monitor, dated January 1st, 1809.
"There is scarcely a day and a night which are attended with a strong N. W. wind, but what some of our sharpers give the gun boats the slip."
"Last Monday, I intended to ship on board a ship in this harbor bound to New Orleans; but the day she was to sail, she altered her name and her captain; so I concluded it was best for me to decline going, as in all probability, the captain would dispose of me in some foreign port, or on board of some English ship of war, in order to prevent me from giving any information against him on his return to this port. The ship has sailed; and, I believe, without a clearance; as she is not noticed in the newspapers."
Yesterday (says the Baltimore American of Saturday) four ships chartered by government to convey troops to New Orleans, dropped down the bay for Annapolis, to avoid being detained by the ice — All the troops have not yet arrived, but are momentarily expected. They will embark at Annapolis for their port of destination.
They who kill Hogs this season are reminded that the Philadelphia Brush Manufactory has offered 50 cents a pound for good clean Hog's Bristles, and that at Portland 25 cents a pound have been offered, and that much may be saved to our country from this article. Salem Reg.
Means of cleaning Houses, &c. of Rats and Mice.
A plant, which grows in abundance in every field, the dog's tonnage, the cynoglossum officinale of Linnæus, if gathered
when the sap is in full vigor, bruised with a hammer, and laid in house, barn, or any place frequented by rats and mice, those destructive animals immediately shift their quarters.
Virginia Legislature.
HOUSE OF DELEGATES.
THURSDAY, January 5.
On motion, Resolved, That this House will on Saturday the 7th inst. proceed, by joint ballot with the Senate, to the choice of a Senator to represent this state in the Senate of the U. States, for the constitutional period of six years from the fourth day of March next.
Ordered, That the Clerk carry the said resolution to the Senate and desire their concurrence.
Mr. Lightfoot, from the committee appointed on the part of this House to enquire, jointly with a committee from the Senate, into the situation of the house, &c. appropriated to the use of the Governor, made the following report:
The committee appointed on the part of the House of Delegates to examine, jointly with a committee of the Senate, into the state and condition of the lots, houses and furniture appropriated to the use of the Governor of this commonwealth have, according to order, performed that duty agreed upon a report and come to the following resolution:
It appears to your committee, after a minute survey of the interior part of the buildings, that various articles of new furniture are indispensably necessary for the comfort and convenience of the Chief Magistrate, and that a great portion of that heretofore provided is somewhat out of order;
It further appears to your committee, that some of the out houses and enclosures are also out of order;
According to an estimate made by your committee, it appears that the probable expense of procuring additional furniture, repairing that now on hand, and of repairing the houses and enclosures will not exceed the sum of 600 dollars.
Resolved therefore, as the opinion of this committee, that for the purposes above mentioned, the sum of 600 dollars is necessary.
Your committee further state, that propositions have been made to them by Doctor John Brockenbrough and Mr. J. Penn, the one for an exchange with, the other for a sale of property to the commonwealth, well adapted in the opinion of those gentlemen for the residence and accommodation of the Governor, which your committee herewith submit to the consideration of the House, having deemed it beyond the sphere of their power to enter into any negotiation with those gentlemen relative to their respective proposals. Your committee cannot however forbear mentioning that the dwelling house at present in the occupancy of the Chief Magistrate, is not sufficiently commodious, nor is it, in their opinion, from its structure and decayed state, susceptible of being rendered so.
The said report and resolution, with the accompanying documents being read, were,
On motion, Ordered to be laid upon the table.
On motion, Ordered, That the committee to whom is referred the subject of the judiciary establishment, have leave to sit during the sitting of the house.
Mr. Yerby, from the committee of Propositions and Grievances, presented,
A bill "Incorporating a company to cut a canal from the port of Norfolk, through the eastern branch of Elizabeth river, to the channel of Currituck sound;"
A bill "Establishing a town on the lands of James Loving, in the county of Nelson;"
A bill "Establishing a town at the courthouse of Buckingham county, & for other purposes;"
A bill "Concerning Pilots;" and A bill "Concerning Samuel G. Adams."
Mr. J. Allen from the committee of Claims, made a report, and presented
A bill "Allowing a claim to David Moffet;"
Mr. Pegram presented, according to order,
A bill "To incorporate the Petersburg Manufacturing Society;" and Mr. Payne presented, according to order,
A bill "To empower the Executive to appoint persons to collect the arrears of taxes;" which bills and report were severally received, and ordered to be laid upon the table.
Mr. Sheffey (from the committee of Finance) presented according to order,
A bill "To supply the deficiencies in the appropriations of last year;" which was received and read a first time, and ordered to be read a second time.
On motion, Ordered, That the said bill be now read a second time;
The said bill was accordingly read a second time, and ordered to be engrossed and read a third time.
A bill concerning certain lands supposed to belong to Drysdale parish, (which lay on the table) was taken up, amended at the clerk's table and as amended, ordered to be engrossed and read a third time.
A bill "To establish an academy in the county of Caroline," (which lay on the table) was taken up, amended at the Clerk's table and as amended, ordered to be engrossed and read a third time.
A bill "Relinquishing to the widow & heirs of Richard Lewis, the right of the commonwealth to a certain lot of land therein mentioned;" was read a second time, and ordered to be engrossed and read a third time.
FRIDAY, January 6.
A communication from the Senate by their Clerk.
The Senate have passed the bill,
"Releasing to Nicholas Gautier the commonwealth's right to certain land therein mentioned."
An engrossed bill "Concerning certain lands supposed to belong to Drysdale parish," was read a third time; and passed.
An engrossed bill "To establish an Academy in the county of Caroline," was read a third time, and a blank therein filled up and passed.
An engrossed bill "To supply the deficiencies in the appropriation of last year," was read a third time and a blank therein filled up and passed.
An engrossed bill "Releasing to the widow and heirs of Richard Lewis, the right of the commonwealth to a certain lot of land therein mentioned," was read a third time and passed.
SATURDAY, January 7.
A communication from the Senate by their Clerk:
The Senate have passed the bill
"To incorporate the Culpeper Agricultural and Manufacturing Society;"—and
A bill "Concerning certain fines assessed on Peter Beverley Whiting in his life time, and on his executrix since his death," with amendments, to which they request the concurrence of the House of Delegates.
They have also agreed to the resolution, to proceed on Saturday the seventh instant, by joint ballot, to the choice of a Senator to represent this state in the Senate of the U. States, for the term of six years from the fourth day of March next.
And they have agreed to the preamble and resolutions on the foreign relations of the United States, with amendments, to which they request the concurrence of the House of Delegates.
The House proceeded to consider the amendments proposed by the Senate to the said bills, and also to the said preamble and resolutions; and the same being severally twice read, were agreed to by the House.
Ordered That the Clerk acquaint the Senate therewith.
A bill "To suspend the operations of executions during the continuance of the embargo, and ninety days after it is raised," which was yesterday laid upon the table, with sundry amendments, as reported from the committee of the whole House on the state of commonwealth, which amendments had been agreed to by the House, was taken up and the amendment further amended.
A motion was then made further to amend the said bill, by striking out the whole of the same as amended, from the word "Assembly," and inserting in lieu of it the following:
"That in all cases where property shall be taken in execution, or tendered in discharge of the body of the debtor, and no person will give the value thereof as estimated by the commissioners, under the act, entitled "An act concerning the sale of property under executions and incumbrances," the debtor, or debtors may replevy the same for twelve months, and on failure to do so, the property shall be sold on twelve months credit, according to the provisions of the said act.
And be it further enacted, That where any goods or chattels shall be distrained for rent, due in money, the same shall be valued in like manner as property taken under executions, by the commissioners appointed for that purpose, and if the full amount of such valuation shall be given therefor, the tenant or owner of the goods so distrained shall not be allowed to replevy the same, but the said property shall be sold by the proper officer, and the money arising by such sale paid to the
creditor or person entitled thereto, but if the amount of such valuation be not bid for such property, it shall be lawful for the said tenant or owner to replevy the same, by entering into bond with good security, to pay one third of the amount of the debt with interest and costs at the end of four months, one third at the end of eight months, and the remaining third at the end of twelve months and if, he shall fail to replevy, the property shall be sold on credit, payable as aforesaid, the officer taking bond with good security of the purchasers; and if the money shall not be paid according to the condition of any such bond, it shall be lawful for the creditor, or his or her assignee, or the attorney of such creditor, or assignee, to lodge the same with the clerk of the court of the county or corporation wherein such distress was made, with an affidavit shewing the amount of the money due at the periods therein mentioned, and such clerk may and shall thereupon issue execution for so much as from the said bond and affidavit shall appear to be due; upon such executions the clerk shall indorse "no security to be taken."
On twelve month bonds heretofore or hereafter to be given or on judgments rendered on bonds heretofore or hereafter to be given, for the forthcoming of property, executions may issue at the expiration of four months after such judgment shall have been, or may be rendered, or the amount of such twelve months bond shall have or may become due, for one third of the debt, interest and cost of such twelve months bond or judgment. At the end of eight months, execution may likewise issue for one third of the amount of such bond or judgment, and any part that may then be unpaid, of the third for which execution had or might have been issued as aforesaid; and at the end of twelve months, execution may likewise issue for the balance due on such bond or judgment. On which executions, the clerk shall indorse "No security to be taken."
On all executions which may be in the hands of a sheriff or other officer at the time of the passage of this act, the same proceeding shall be, as would have been had, if such executions were issued after the passing of this act.
Nothing herein contained shall be construed to relate to judgments recovered by a security against his principal, or by one security against another, to judgments obtained against attorneys at law for money received by them for their clients, to judgments obtained against sheriffs, sergeants, or constables or their deputies for monies received by them by virtue of their respective officers, or for any delinquencies in office, or to judgments obtained on behalf of the commonwealth.
The commissioners valuing property under this act, shall govern themselves according to the directions of the above recited act.
All laws within the purview of this act, are hereby declared to be suspended until the rising of the next General Assembly; when this act shall cease and determine.
This act shall commence and be in force from and after the
And the question being put on agreeing to the proposed amendment, it passed in the negative.—Ayes 31. Noes 139.
A motion was then made further to amend the said bill by adding after the following words, in the 7th section, "All proceedings shall be suspended on deeds of trust," the words "hereafter executed," and the question being put on the proposed amendment, it passed in the negative.—Ayes 47. Noes 119.
The question being then put on the said amendment as amended, it was agreed to by the House, and the bill, as amended, ordered to be engrossed and read a third time.
DIED, on the 22d ultimo at his seat in the county of Amherst, Col. SAMUEL MEREDITH, in the 77th year of his age, after a lingering illness of twelve months. Col. Meredith was a firm and decided patriot at the commencement of the American revolution, and is to be ranked among the first defenders of his country's rights. He died an inflexible republican. In the discharge of all his domestic duties he had no superior, it may be truly said—He was affectionate, tender and humane. He bore his long and distressing illness without a murmur, and met his approaching end with the firmness of a devout christian.
For sale at S. Pleasants' printing office, HENNING'S
New Virginia Justice, CONTAINING The Duties of a Justice of Peace, &c. together with a variety of useful precedents, adapted to the laws now in force. Also, forms of conveyancing, such as deeds of bargain and sale, lease and re-lease, mortgage, trust, &c.

Boarding, Lodging & Entertainment. THE subscriber is now keeping a boarding house in the commodious & conveniently situated house lately occupied by Major James Gibbon, on the main street, opposite to Harris's brick building, where she will accommodate ladies and gentlemen by the day, week, month, quarter or year, with gentle board, lodging and entertainment. No exertions shall be wanting on her part, to give satisfaction to those who will favor her with their company.
Anna Byrd. Richmond, August 3, 1808. if  WANTED TO PURCHASE, 10 or 15 Young Negroes. Enquire of the Printer. November 30 1808. if
Penitentiary Store. SHOES at the Manufacture of the Penitentiary, have been lately REDUCED, considerably below their former prices.  D. J. BURR, Agent. 10th May, 1808. if
FOR SALE, On private contract, the fine, high bred running horse  DOCTOR, Late the property of Doctor A. T. Dixon, out of Pitt Box, by Pantaloon. Also, A FILLY, 3 years old, by Precipitate, out of the same mare, of the best and purest blood in Virginia. Doctor was by Play or Pay, in high health and perfectly sound, six years old, a beautiful bay and 15 hands high. This horse has proved his bottom and speed in many trials, having from three years old been successful, except in two instances, which accident prevented. The filly is untried, but she would be highly valuable to a gentleman whose wish is to raise from a good stock. Apply to  John Tyler. Green Way, Sept. 6, 1808. if
MATTRESSES OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS. MADE and repaired, agreeably to order, in the large wooden house opposite the Old City Tavern, two squares below the market bridge, Richmond.  J. S. PLEASANTS. May 31, 1808. if
NOTICE. WILL BE SOLD, on the premises, on Wednesday the 15th day of February next, the
Glebe Lands, Late in the occupancy of the Rev. Matthew Murray, dec. on a credit of twelve months, the purchaser giving bond with approved security. By order of the Overseers of the Poor.  John Winn, Jr. Clk. Albemarle, December 13th, 1808. 3w
Deserter. DESERTED from the service of the United States, on the 6th inst. a private in the 5th Regiment of Infantry, named Daniel L. Bradley, 19 years of age, 5 feet 6 inches high, dark complexion, hazel eyes, and dark hair. He was born in Charles City county, Virginia, and is a farmer by profession. The said Bradley had on at the time of his desertion, the uniform of the United States Light Infantry. A reward of ten dollars will be given to any person who will deliver the said deserter to me, or to any officer in the service of the U. States.  EDWARD DILLARD, Capt. 5th U. S. Reg't. Infantry. November 23, 1808. if
Wanted, on Hire THE NEXT YEAR, A Man and a Woman servant—he man must be well acquainted with house business generally, and the management of horses—the woman a good cook—both must come well recommended for honesty and sobriety. Enquire of the Printer.
Notice is hereby given TO all persons having claims against the estate of WILLIAM HART, dec. that they must be brought forward for settlement previous to the 12th day of January next, properly attested; all those indebted to said estate will make immediate payment, or suits will be brought in discriminately—the above notice will be plead in bar against delinquent creditors.  MARY HART, Adm nx . Richmond, Dec. 12, 1808. 1m
Cabinet Making Business, upon an extensive scale, in the house near Shockoe bridge, next door to Samuel PLEASANTS, Jr's, printing office, where he will keep a constant supply of furniture for sale upon reasonable terms—and where furniture in his line will be made upon the shortest notice, and in the most approved fashions, or upon any model which may be directed. The subscriber will also keep on hand, a constant supply of Fancy and Windsor CHAIRS of all descriptions, for sale upon reasonable terms.  Cs. M. PERRY. Richmond, November 28th, 1808. if N. B. Coach and Sign Painting, done at his shop on the shortest notice and in the very best manner
Bills of Lading For sale at the Office of the Argus.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
One Thousand Pounds  WANTED, FOR the interest of which, a plantation of 500 acres of valuable land will be given, until the money is refunded. Nearly 100 acres are rich low grounds, now in cultivation, lying on navigable water, the improvements new and very good, in a healthy and desirable country. Enquire of the Printer. September 8 1808. if
Gerard Banks, HERETOFORE the Editor of the Virginian, has opened a SCRIVENER'S OFFICE in the house immediately opposite the Market. Writing of every description will be executed with correctness. Besides the usual instruments which may be required, he offers to draw Bills of Injunction, &c. at a moderate price.
JUST PUBLISHED, AND FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE,  Mr. GILES' SPEECH, DELIVERED IN SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, on Thursday, the 24th of November, 1808, on the resolution of Mr. Hillhouse, to repeal the Embargo Laws. JUST PUBLISHED, And for sale by S. PLEASANTS, Richmond, THE GENTLEMAN'S  Pocket Remembrancer, FOR THE YEAR 1809. CONTAINING an almanack, ruled pages for memorandums and cash accounts, government of the United States, executive, legislative and judiciary, federal courts of law, departments of the federal government, territorial government of the U. S. patents, intercourse with foreign nations, diplomatic department, ministers, consuls, &c. from foreign powers to the U. S. navy, marine corps, navy-yard at Washington, post-office establishment, coins, duties on importations, drawbacks, bounties, custom-house of Philadelphia, wardens of the port, officers of the customs of the U. S. light-houses, tables, &c. &c. The Ladies' Pocket-Book Contains a view and description of the natural bridge in Virginia, an almanack, ruled pages for memorandums and cash accounts, select pieces in prose and poetry, new and celebrated songs, and several useful tables. The above books are neatly bound in read leather with pockets.
NOTICE THE Manchester Turnpike Company desirous to encourage the use of Broad Wheels upon the Turnpike, offer a premium of fifty dollars each, for the first ten wagons employed in the carriage of coal, which shall use wheels, having the tyre thereof, at least four inches in breadth, or upwards, for the space of twelve months. Such as may be disposed to receive the premium hereby offered, are requested to give intimation thereof at the office of the subscriber.  JAMES BRANDER, Clk. December 2th, 1808. 4w
Negroes for Sale. BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to us by Mr. William Wilburne, on the 21st day of May last, for the purpose of securing unto Mr. Colin M c Rae, the sum of £190 10s. 11d. which debt has been assigned by said M c Rae, to Mr. John Gilchrist, of the town of Manchester, we shall, at Powhatan courthouse, on Friday the 20th January, 1809, proceed to SELL. The following Slaves, Viz: David, Billy, Anthony and Frank, or so many of them as will be sufficient to raise the said sum of £190 10s. 11d. with interest from the 25th inst. and all costs incurred by carrying the same into effect. WILLIAM MOSELEY, } Trustees. JOHN HASKINS, } December 30, 1808. tds
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to me by Pleasant Younghusband, dec. bearing date on the 27th day of March last, and duly recorded in the court of Henrico county on the sixth day of June,  WILL BE SOLD, To the person who takes the same for the shortest period, and pay two thousand dollars, with legal interest thereon from the first day of April, one thousand eight hundred and seven, and the costs of executing the trust, that
Brick Tenement, On the South side of the Main Street, adjoining the lot of ground sold by the said Younghusband to Joseph Marx, and extending from the said Main Street back to the alley which extends through the square, it being the lower tenement of those two belonging to the said Younghusband's estate, under the same right. The sale will take place on the premises, on Monday the sixth day of February next, at the hour of 12 o'clock, and the lease executed to the purchaser on the payment of the said sum of money, by  WILLIAM MARSHALL, Trustee. January 5th, 1809. 2m
Rumford Academy. THE same branches of Literature and Science, will be taught at this Seminary, the present year, that has been heretofore—and the terms of board and tuition will also continue the same, viz. £30 for the first, including washing—and £10 for the latter, each to be paid quarterly in advance. Capt. John Fox will act as steward, and the subscriber and his assistant, as teachers.  CHILES TERRELL. King William county, } January 1, 1809. w†
JUST RECEIVED AND FOR SALE AT S. PLEASANTS' BOOK STORE, RICHMOND, A fresh supply of the celebrated  DR. TISSOT'S  Gout and Rheumatic Drops, AND DR. TABB'S  Nature's Restorative Balsamic Cordial. The certificates attached to the bills which inclose each bottle of the above medicine, are from characters of respectability, on whose testimony the fullest confidence may be placed by those who labor under complaints of the Gout, Rheumatism, &c. also those of consumptive habits, general debility of the nerves and various other complaints incident to the human body.
PURSUANT to a deed of trust executed to the subscribers, by John Hendrick, jun. for the purpose of securing the payment of a sum of money therein expressed, due Thomas Perkinson, WILL BE SOLD, for ready money, at Painville, in the county of Amelia, to the highest bidder, on Tuesday the 17th January next,
The following Slaves, to wit: Lucy, Lewis, Dicy, Polly and Peyton, or as many of said slaves as will be sufficient to discharge the debt mentioned in said deed, together with the interest and cost accruing.  PETER RISON,  ANDERSON H. JONES, } Trustees. Amelia, Dec. 31, 1808. 3s
MUSIC.  JOHN J. ABERCROMBY, HAVING returned from his tour to the Northward, begs leave to acquaint his friends and the public, that he still continues teaching in this city, on the Piano, Violin and Guitar. He likewise tunes instruments as formerly, and respectfully solicits the favor of their patronage. Applications at Messrs. Prichard & Adams, Mr. PLEASANTS, and Messrs. Fitzwhylson and Potter's will be duly attended to. Richmond, Dec. 20th, 1808. N. B. Mr. Abercromby could conveniently attend three or four pupils in Manchester.
THE FAMOUS IMPORTED HORSE  GOUTY, (Imported by Robert Rives, Esq.) whose colts are running in England with such distinguished success, will stand the ensuing season at Buckingham courthouse. The terms and the races his get won in England, in the present and last year, will be made known in due time.  ARCHIBALD BRANCH. December 24, 1808. w3s
Will be for Rent THE ENSUING YEAR, THAT WELL KNOWN  TAVERN  The White Chimnies, IN Caroline county, situate on the main stage road. Attached to the tavern is a convenient store house—the stand for a merchant excellent. For terms apply to Richard Bridges, near said tavern, or to John Boshier in Richmond. July 27, 1808. oakf
Virginia: At a Court held for Halifax county, on Monday the 26th day of December, 1808. John Wimbish, Plaintiff. AGAINST Gardner Mayes and Isaac Medley, de-puty sheriff for Thomas Watkins, sheriff of Halifax, Defendants. THE defendant Gardner Mayes, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state; on the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is ordered , that the said defendant, Mayes, do appear here on the fourth Monday in March next, and answer the plaintiff's bill; that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the newspapers published in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A copy—Teste  SAMUEL WILLIAMS, D. C. H. C.
New Law Books. The 8th vol. of East's Reports, and the 5th vol. of Espinasse's Reports are just received and for sale by S. PLEASANTS.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
JUST PUBLISHED, BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUN. RICHMOND, THE  SECOND VOLUME OF THE  Revised Code, (Containing 500 pages super-royal octavo, bound to match the first vol.—Price to subscribers $5.—to non-subscribers $6.) BEING A  COLLECTION OF ALL SUCH  ACTS OF THE  General Assembly OF  VIRGINIA Of a public and permanent nature as have passed since the session of 1801: TO WHICH ARE ADDED  APPENDICES, CONTAINING A compilation of the several laws for the establishment of the James river, Potomac, Appomattox and Dismal Swamp Canal Companies, Laws concerning the Northern Neck, Titles of acts authorising the establishment of Turnpike Roads, and the erection of Toll Bridges, A compilation of the several acts concerning the Mutual Assurance Society against Fire on Buildings, Acts and resolutions of a general nature, which were omitted in the revisions of 1794, and 1803, Laws concerning waste and unappropriated lands on the eastern and western waters, Laws establishing ferries, Laws concerning the public guard, Titles of private and local acts—And A table of fines, forfeitures, penalties and amercements; designating such as are to the use of the commonwealth; such as go towards lessening the county levy; such as are for individuals; and such as are appropriated to any particular object. With a complete Index to the whole.
BY virtue of a deed of trust, executed by Edwin Land to the subscribers, dated the 24th October, 1807, and recorded in Amelia court, for the purpose of securing the payment of the several sums of money therein expressed, due Thomas Per