The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-12-01 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM...payable in advance.
NUMBER 60.]
SATURDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 1, 1804.
[VOLUME 1.]
CONDITIONS.
 I. The Enquirer will appear twice a week...During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment FIVE DOLLARS per annum, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
IN COUNCIL, NOVEMBER 26, 1804.
PRESENT, THE GOVERNOR, MR. M'RAE, MR. STUART, MR. FOUSHEE, MR. HEATH.  THE Board proceeded to the examination of the returns made by the Commissioners of the several counties within this Commonwealth, appointed and commissioned in pursuance of the act passed 21st January 1804, to amend an act, intitled "an act to amend an act, intitled, an act for appointing Electors to choose a President and Vice-President of the United States" and thereupon find the greatest number of Votes throughout the State in favour of the 24 persons following:
  Richard Evers Lee,  of  Norfolk Borough    John Goodrich,  of  Ife of Wright    Edward Pegram,  of  Durham    Doct. Richard Field,  of  Brunswick    Thomas Read,  of  Charlotte    Creed Taylor,  of  Cumberland    William H. Cabell,  of  Ambler    George Penn,  of  Patrick    George Wythe,  of  City of Richmond    John Taylor,  of  Caroline    Lockhart Smith,  of  King & Queen    John Munro,  of  Spotsylvania    William Ellzey,  of  Loudoun    William Dudley,  of  Warwick    Mann Page,  of  Giles    John Taliaferro, jun.  of  King George    Richard Brent,  of  Prince William    Hugh Holmes,  of  Frederick    James Daily,  of  Hampshire    James Allen,  of  Shenandoah    Archibald Stewart,  of  Augusta    James M'Farlane,  of  Russell    Gen. John Preston,  of  Montgomery    William M'Kinley,  of  Ohio  
whose names are therefore thus accordingly advertised as directed by the first section of the said act, and pursuant to the 6th section of the act of assembly passed on the 10th of October 1792, the said Electors are hereby notified that the first Wednesday in December next, at the Capitol in the city of Richmond, is the time and place of their meeting.  (ATTEST) DANIEL L. HYLTON, C. C. November 28. [ep. 34.]
Sales at Auction.
Will be sold at the Auction Room of the Subscribers, on TUESDAY, the 4th day of December next: ALL THE HOUSEHOLD and KITCHEN FURNITURE belonging to the estate of LISON TEMPLE, deceased, a variety of articles in the Grocery Line. Also Six months credit will be allowed the purchasers for all sums above fifty dollars, on giving notes with approved indorsers, (negotiable at the Bank of Virginia) to the administrator. THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. Auctioners. Nov. 28.
On the same day will be sold, posthumously, without reserve: ABOUT two thousand dollars worth of GOODS, consisting of Dummies, Calicoes, Cutlery and Hardware. Terms of sale 90 days. Notes with approved indorsers, negotiable at the Bank of Virginia, will be required. T. T. & Co. Nov. 28. rds
Sales at Auction.
Will be held at public auction, for ready money, on Wednesday the 12th day of December next, the HOUSE & LOT near the mouth of Shockoe Creek, at present occupied, by B. J. Harris, and commonly called the Shot Factory—the title papers may be seen at any time by applying to THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. V. M. Nov. 24. ep. 15.
WASHINGTON TAVERN.
THE subscriber has taken a lease of this tenement for a number of years, and has put it in a state of repair which renders it not inferior to any in the City. Besides the Tavern he has detached buildings, well calculated to accommodate those who are anxious of greater privacy than a tavern usually affords. These tenements adjoin the public square, and are within two hundred yards of the Capitol. They have decided advantages over any other houses in this City, with respect to pure air and excellent water. He has own stables and a constant supply of the best forage. He renders his services to his friends and the public, and affirms them, that no unlawful gaming, nor any other practices which might, in any degree, have a tendency to disturb the peace of his house, will ever be permitted. EDWARD HALLAM. Richmond, September 26. N. B. About thirty members of the next Assembly may be well accommodated, of whom eighteen have already engaged. E. H.
EDUCATION.
J. WOOD has opened, at his room, formerly the school room of Mr. Harris, opposite to Mr. Copland's, an EVENING CLASS, from the hours of seven to nine, for the arts of Drawing and Painting, and the several branches of the Mathematics, including the higher parts of Arithmetic, Geography, Astronomy and Surveying. Evenings of tuition Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. The Students who attend are at liberty to devote the whole of the two hours to either of the above arts and sciences, or to apply both to Drawing and Mathematics, the latter being taught by lecture. Terms Two Dollars and one half per month, paid at entrance. Nov. 21. (epf)
DATES'S ALMANAC—for 1805—Published by Messrs. Davis & Courtney, may be had at the Office of the Enquirer. September 19. epf
John Henry and Lydia T. T. T.
JOHN HENRY has imported in the ship LATONA, captain Thurston, from Liverpool, a few small boxes of well assorted 4-4th IRISH LINEN, purchased in Dublin in July; which, with fine old London particular MADEIRA WINE, in pipes and half pipes, he offers for sale on moderate terms. Nov. 7. epf.
Fashionable and Fall Goods.
BARTLETT STILL HAS For Sale, at his Store, FASHIONABLE & FALL GOODS, consisting of—Superfine Calicoes, 6-4 Cambric Dimities, 6-4 Cambric Mullins, India Book Mullins, India Book Handkerchiefs, India Mullins and Handkerchiefs, plain and figured, laced Cambric Mullins, 5-8 Cambric Mullins, Chambray Mullins of all colours, newest patterns, Salmon, Blue, Yellow, Green, Buff, Pink, and black imbued Cambric Mullins, damask and laced Cambric Shawls, laced Caps, black and white laced Veils, Spanish Cloaks, 3-4 and 4-4 laced Handkerchiefs, 6-4 laced Shawls, picie Gloves, extra long kid and wash Leather Gloves, ecru, silk and worsted Hosiery, color'd camel hair Shawls, 4-4 Irish Linens and Sheetings, India and French Lutestrings, black and white India Sartins, Italian and Leghorn Silks, London and French superfine Cloths, superior quality Mouselin, Swanlawn and Tolinet Veil-Coating. 40 pieces Second Cloths at 8 3/4 per cent advance, Patent Coats and Calfskin, Bayes, Coatings, Bearskins, Fearnoughts, Blankets, Plains, Flannels, Bombazens, Bombazens, Camblets and Durants, mill'd Gloves and Stockings, 9 complete sets Table China, 8 tea sets India and French ditto, neat patterns, Imperial and Hylon Teas, best bell strong Gun Powder, double and single barrel'd Guns, Rifles, Dressing Cases, Portable Writing Desks, Playing Cards, Writing Paper and Quills, Morocco Shaving Cases, Baccarat Tables, Reeve's Columns, Copying Machines, Surveyors Compasses and Instruments complete, Bailey's Blacking, Windsor Soap and Hair Powder, Marking Types and Durable Ink, Ladies Mahogany Dressing Cases complete, Gold and Silver Watches and Clocks, Pearl and Topaz Bracelets and Ear Rings—Hardham's Snuff, No. 5—Prime Chewing Tobacco and Scotch Snuff—Best Spanish Segars. A liberal discount for Cash will be allowed for the above articles, with a number of others too tedious to mention. Nov. 7. (f)
ELLIS & ALLAN,
HAVE received, by the late arrivals from London & Liverpool a very handsome assortment of GOODS, suitable to the season, which they will sell on moderate terms. November 14. (ep 3 w)
By the late arrivals from London and Liverpool,
W. MACKENZIE & CO.
HAVE RECEIVED THEIR
Fall Goods.
Nov. 7. ep4w
FALL GOODS.
WILLIAM TEMPLE has received by the
ship Edward and Charles, from London,
AN EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF GOODS,
suitable to the approaching season. He expects an
ADDITIONAL SUPPLY,
to complete his assortment, by the ship Sally from
London, and Latona from Liverpool; which he
will dispose of on his usual low terms.
Sept. 8. epf
Fall and Fashionable Goods.
ROBERT JOHNSTON is now opening a general and well selected Assortment of FALL and FASHIONABLE GOODS, which he will sell on moderate terms for Cash, Produce, or at a short credit, by Wholesale or Retail; AMONG WHICH ARE: Superfine & coarse cloths | Russia and Irish sheetings Calicoes & coatings | German Olinaburgs Manchester and patent | Ticklenburgs cords | Chintzes, Calicoes and Swandowns & flannels | Cambricks Roe, point & duffel blankets | India Lutestrings and Sax- tins Boys Morocco caps | Ironmongery & Cutlery Ladies shoes & slippers | Gun Powder and Patent Steel backboards and cel- | Shot lars | Looking Glasses & Ther- mometers Oil cloths & oil skins | Whips, Spurs, &c. &c. &c. Irish linens and brown | Hollands Nov. 7. Wif
LOW FOR CASH, OR ON SHORT CREDIT,
Direct from Pennington's Manufactory, Phila-
delphia;
LOAF SUGAR,
OF an excellent quality, either by the hogs-
head, barrel, or single loaf. The supply
will be regular and large.
ALSO—BAR IRON, by the ton or single
bar; IRON CASTINGS of various kinds, by
the ton or single piece, among which are a few
tons of 50 and 60 lbs. weights.
MICAIAH DAVIS. 4th of 7th mo. 1804. [eW6m]
NOTICE.
ALL persons indebted to the late firm of BUCHANAN, DUNLOP & CO. of Petersburg, ROBERT POLLOCK & CO. of Richmond, and DUNLOP, POLLOCK & CO. of Manchester, are hereby notified, that James Dunlop, late a partner in the above concerns, has become purchaser of the outstanding debts—they will therefore be pleased to make payment to Mr. John Tompkins, residing in Richmond, or the subscriber residing in Petersburg, who alone are authorised to make collections and grant discharges.—Suits will be indiscriminately commenced against all who do not make payment before the first of February next. JOHN DUNLOP, Attorney For JAMES DUNLOP. Petersburg, Nov. 15, 1804. epf
THE SUBSCRIBERS
HAVE connected themselves in trade, and will transact
business under the firm of
St. JOHN & GWATHMEY.
They occupy the house below Messrs. Maunsell & Fitz- roy, and next to the Ball Tavern—They will be generally supplied with WEST INDIA GOODS, and will al- ways give the highest price in Cash, for Country Produce. JOHN ST. JOHN, ROBERT GWATHMEY.
THEY HAVE NOW ON HAND:
20 Hogsheads, Muscovado Sugar, 7 Bales India Cottons, assorted. November 17. epf
BROKER'S OFFICE.
THE Subscriber has opened a Broker's Office, opposite the Union Tavern, and near the Counting-house of Thomas and Aaron Lewis. All business confided to him, will be transacted with great fidelity. THOMAS NORVELL. October 3. (f)
SADDLERY.
JOHN MENERY, SADDLER, respectfully in- forms the public in general, and his friends in particular, that he has just received an elegant and well chosen assortment of Saddlery, Coach and Harness's Mountings, Whips, Spurs, &c. &c. &c. laid in under his own inspection, whereby he is enabled to offer them on the most reduced terms. November 21.
FOR SALE—at Rocketts.
THE LOT, and two story BRICK HOUSE, con- taining three tenements, which the subscriber purchased at the sale of George Nicholson, deceased. The lot is well situated for a warehouse, and the brick building for a brake-house, lumber-house, or Tobacco Factory. JOHN ELLIS. November 14. (f)
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN.
That I shall ap- ply to the next Court, to be holden for the county of Henrico, in the city of Richmond, on Mon- day the third day of December next, for an Order of said Court to build a Toll-Mill on my Lot No. 384, at the lower end of the James River Canal Basin. ARCHELAUS HUGHES. Nov. 21. (eW2)
MISS ROBBIN,
AFTER making her sincere acknowledgements to her friends and the public, for that portion of patronage which she has experienced, wishes to inform her patrons, that she has removed her School to a house nearly opposite to Mr. Cop- land's on Shockoe Hill where she can accommodate a dozen young Ladies as Boarders. Nov. 3. eS2m
A GREAT BARGAIN.
THE subscribers are authorised to sell by private sale, on liberal terms, and if not disposed of by the second Monday in December ensuing, will on that day, at the Eng- lish Tavern, in the City of Richmond, positively be sold at public auction, without reserve, for cash, the moiety of a certain TRACT OF LAND, containing 1080 acres, in Spotts- ylvania county, within twenty miles of Fredericksburg. The tract is commonly known by the name of Garvin's, and ad- joins the lands of John Kenney, John Mitchell, Thomas Johnson, and others. The moiety is that part nearest the town of Fredericksburg. ALSO—Two hundred acres LAND lying in Fluvanna county, adjoining the Lands of Hez. Stone, Richard Viatt, and John Manly, which we will dispose of on the same terms as the above. PROSSER & MONCURE, v. ms. September 22. [Sams id]
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
MR. CURRAN'S SPEECH.
[Every reader of this, we are confident, will be highly gratified by the following abstract of the Speech of MR. CURRAN, to evidence in the late Crim. Con. Trial in Ireland, Massey v. the Mar- quis of Headfort.] Lon. pap.
NEVER so clearly as in the present instance
have I observed that safeguard of justice, which Providence has placed in the nature of man. Such is the imperious dominion with which truth and reason wave their sceptre over the human intellect, that no solicitation, however artful, no talent, however commanding, can reduce its allegiance. In proportion to the hu- mility of our submission to its rule, do we rise into some faint emulation of that ineffable and preexisting divinity, whose characteristic at- tribute is to be coerced and bound by the inexor- able laws of its own nature, so as to be all-wise and all just from necessity rather than election. You have seen it in the learned advocate who has proceeded me, most peculiarly and strikingly illustrated. You have seen his great talents, perhaps the first in any country, languishing un- der a cause too weak to carry him, and too hea- vy to be carried by him. He was forced to dis- miss his natural candour and sincerity, and ha- ving no merits in his cause, to refuse in the dig- nity of his own manner, the resources of his own ingenuity, from the overwhelming difficulties with which he was surrounded. The Learned Council has told you that this unfortunate wo- man is not to be estimated at forty thousand pounds—fatal and unquestionable is the truth of this assertion. Alas! Gentlemen, she is no longer worth any thing; faded, fallen, degra- ded and disgraced, she is worth less than no- thing! But it is for the honor, the hope, the expectation, the renderers, and the comforts that have been blasted by the Defendant, and have fled forever, that you are to remunerate the plaintiff by the punishment of the defendant. It is not her present value which you are to weigh—but it is her value at the time when he sat basking in a husband's love, with the blessing of Heaven on her head, and its purity in her heart; when she fat amongst her family, and administered the morality of the parental board, estimate that past value—compare its present deplorable diminution—and it may lead you to form some judgement of the severity of the injury, and the extent of the compensation. The Learned Council has referred you to other cases, and other countries, for instances of mo- derate verdicts—I can refer you to some au- thentic instances of just ones. In the next country, 15,000l. against a subaltern officer. In Travers and M'Carthy, 5000l. against a servant. In Tighe against Jones, 10,000l. a- gainst a man not worth a shilling. What then ought to be the rule, where rank and power, and wealth, and station, have combined to render the example of his crime more danger- ous—to make his guilt more odious—to make the injury to the plaintiff more grievous, be- cause more conspicuous? I affect no levelling familiarity, when I speak of persons in the higher rank of society—distinctions of orders are necessary, and I always feel disposed to treat them with respect—but when it is my duty to speak of the crimes by which they are degraded, I am not so fastidious as to shrink from their contact, when to touch them is essential to their dismission. However, there- fore, I should feel on any other occasion, a disposition to speak of the noble defendant with respect due to his station and perhaps to his qualities, of which he may have many to re- deem him from the odium of this transaction, I cannot so indulge myself here, I cannot betray my client, to avoid the pain of doing my duty. I cannot forget that in this action the commu- nity,
the conduct, and circumstances of the party,
are justly and peculiarly the objects of your consideration. Who then are the parties? The plaintiff, young, amiable, of family and educa- tion. Of the generous disinterestedness of his heart, you can form an opinion from the evi- dence of the defendant, that he declined an alliance which would have added to his fortune and consideration, and which he rejected for an unportioned union with his present wife. She too at that time young, beautiful and accom- plished; and feeling her affection for her hu- band increased, in proportion as she remem- bered the ardour of his love, and the sincerity of his sacrifice.
Look now to the defendant?—Can you be-
held him without shame and indignation?— With what feelings can you regard a rank that he has so far tarnished, and a patent that he has so far so far cancelled! High in the army— high in the state—the hereditary Counsel of the King—of wealth incalculable;—and to this last I advert with an indignant and contemptu- ous satisfaction, because, as the only instru- ment of guilt and shame, it will be the means of his punishment, and the source of compensa- tion for his guilt—His Learned Counsel contend that the plaintiff has been the author of his own suffering, and ought to receive no compensa- tion for the ill consequences of his own conduct. In what part of the evidence do you find any foundation for that assertion? He indulged her, it seems, in dress—generous and attached, he probably indulged her in that point beyond his means; and the defendant now impudent- ly calls on you for an excuse for the adulter- er in the fondness and liberality of the husband. But you have been told that the husband coun- seled. Odious and impudent aggravation of in- jury—to add calumny to insult, and outrage to dishonor!—From whom but a man hackneyed in the paths of shame and vice—from whom but a man having no compunctions in his own breast to restrain him, could you expect such brutal disregard for the feelings of others? from whom but the cold-blooded seducer—from what but the exhausted mind, the habitual community with shame—from what but the habitual con- tempt of virtue and man, could you have ex- pected the arrogance, the barbarity, and folly of so foul, because of so false an imputation? He should have reflected, and have blushed, be- fore he suffered so vile a topic of defence to have passed his lips. But ere you condemn, let him have the benefit of excuse, if the excuse be true.
You must have observed how his Counsel
flattered and vibrated—between what they called connivance and injudicious confidence, and how in effecting to distinguish, they have confounded them both together. If the plain- tiff has connived, I freely say to you, do not reward the wretch who has prostituted his wife, and surrendered his own honor—do not com- pensate the pander of his own shame, and wil- ling instrument of his own infamy. But as there is no sum so low, to which such a de- fence, if true, ought not to reduce your ver- dict, so neither is any so high, to which such charge ought not to inflame it if such a charge be false. Where is the single fact in this case on which the remotest suspicion of connivance can be hung? Odiously has the defendant endeavoured to make the softest and most amiable feelings of the heart, the pretext of his slanderous imputations:—an ancient and respectable Prelate, the husband of his wife's sister, chained down to the bed of sickness, per- haps to the bed of death, in that distressing situation, my client suffered that wife to be the bearer of consolation to the bosom of her sister —he had not the heart to refuse her—and the softness of his nature is now charged on him as a crime. He is now insolently told that he con- nived at his dishonour, and that he ought to have foreseen that the mansion of sickness and of sorrow would have been made the scene of af- fignation and of guilt. On this charge of con- nivance I will not further weary you, or exhaust myself; I will add nothing more, than that it is as false as it is impudent—that in the evidence it has not a colour of support—and that with your verdict you should mark it with reprobation. The other subject, namely, he was indiscreet in his confidence, does, I think, call for discus- sion: for, I trust, you see that I effect not any ad- dress to your passions, by which you may be led away from the subject—I presume merely to fe- arate the parts of this affecting case, and to lay them, item by item, before you, with the cold- ness of detail, and not with any colouring or display of fiction or of fancy. Honourable to himself was his unsuspecting confidence, but fa- tal must we admit it to have been, when we look to the abuse committed upon it; but where was the guilt of this indiscretion?
He did admit this noble Lord to pass his
threshold as his guest. Now the charge which this Noble Lord builds on this indiscretion is— "Thou fool, thou hadst confidence in my ho- nour, and that was a guilty indiscretion—thou simpleton, thou thoughtest that an admitted & a cherished guest would have respected the laws of honour and hospitality, and thy indiscretion was guilty. Thou thoughtest that he would have shrunk from the meanness and barbarity of requiting kindness with treachery, and thy indis- cretion was guilty."—Gentlemen, what horrid alternative in the treatment of wives would such rearing recommend? Are they to be immu- red by worse than Eastern barbarity?—Are their principles to be depraved—their passions sub- limated—every finer motive of action extinguish- ed by the inevitable consequences of thus treat- ing them like slaves? Or is a liberal and ge- nerous confidence in them to be the transport of the adulterer, and the justification of his crimes?—Honorable, but fatally for his own repute, he was neither jealous, suspicious, nor cruel. He treated the defendant with the con- fidence of a friend, and his wife with the tender- ness of a husband. He did leave the Noble Marquis the physical possibility of committing against him the greatest crime which can be per- petrated against a being of an amiable heart and refined education, and the noble defendant had the honour to avail himself of it. In the middle of the day, at the moment of divine worship, when the miserable husband was on his knees, directing the prayers and thanksgiving of his congregation to their God—that moment did the remorseless adulterer choose to carry off the deluded victim from her husband—from her child—from her character—from her happiness —as if, not content to leave his crime contained to its inseparable and miserable aggravations unless he also gave it a cast and colour of ra- tionality, sacrilege and impiety.—In the most od- ious contempt of every personal feeling, of pu- blic opinion, of common humanity, did he pu-
rade this woman to the far-shore, whence he
transported his precious cargo to a country where her example may be less mischievous than in her own; where I agree with my learned Colleague, in heartily wishing he may remain with her for ever. We are too poor, too sim- ple, too advanced a country, for the example of such achievements—When the relaxation of morals is the natural growth and consequence of the great progress of arts and wealth, it is no- grosser than shocking; but for such palliations we are at least a century too young. In every point of view in which I can look at the field, I see you are called upon to give a verdict, of bold and just, and indignant, and exemplary compensation. The injury of the plaintiff demands it from your justice. The delinquency of the defendant provokes it by its enormity.— The rank on which he has relied for impunity, calls upon you to tell him, that crime does not ascend to the rank of the perpetrator, but the perpetrator sinks from his rank, and descends to the level of his delinquency. The style and mode of his defence is a gross aggravation of his conduct, and a gross insult upon you.
Your verdict will, I trust, put an end to that
encouragement to guilt that is built upon im- punity—the devil, it seems, has saved the No- ble Marquis harmless in the past; but your ver- dict will tell him the term of that indemnity is expired, that his old friend and banker has no more effects in his hands, and that if he draws any more upon him, he must pay his own bills himself. You will do much good by doing so; you may not enlighten his conscience, nor touch his heart, but his frugality will understand the hint. He will adopt the prudence of age, and be deterred from pursuits, in which, though he may be infallible of shame, he will not be re- gardless of expense. You will do more, you will not only punish him in his tender point, but you will weaken him in his strong one, his money. There is another consideration, gen- tlemen, which I think most imperiously demands even a vindictive award of exemplary damages, and that is the breach of hospitality. To us peculiarly does it belong to avenge the violation of its altar

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. MASSACHUSETTS LEGISLATURE. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. THE House met according to their adjournment in June. A quorum of the members appeared and took their seats. A committee of both branches were appointed to wait on the Governor, to inform him that the Legislature were ready to receive any communications which he might think proper to make; who soon after reported that his Excellency would meet the two branches in the Representatives' Chamber, to-morrow, at 12 o'clock, to deliver his communication. Messrs. Tucker, Whitwell and Ely were appointed a committee to consider what public business must necessarily be attended to this session. FRIDAY, NOV. 16. A number of private petitions were severally read and committed. A committee were appointed to examine the accounts of the Treasury Department during the recess of the Legislature, and report the same at their next session. At 12 o'clock the Governor met both branches of the Legislature according to appointment, and delivered the following
SPEECH: GENTLEMEN OF THE SENATE, AND GENTLEMEN OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, THE unfinished business of your last meeting, I am informed, was referred to the third session of the Legislature; I presume therefore that your principal object at this time, will be to complete the choice of Electors on the part of this Commonwealth, of a President and Vice-President of the United States; and that you will be unwilling at the present session to attend to any subjects which may conveniently be postponed. If the choice of Electors is not perfected by the votes of the People, I have no doubt that the trust which remains to be executed by you will be discharged faithfully, and that your conduct will be governed by the single motive of love to your Country. In pursuance of the act of Congress passed on the 28th of March last, the Secretary of State has notified me, that the Amendment proposed during the last session of Congress, to the Constitution of the United States, has been ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States. The Letter which contains this notification is filed in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and a transcript of it will be delivered to the Electors who are or may be chosen on the part of this State. The quarter master general informs me, that in the late violent storm, two buildings on Hospital Island the property of the Commonwealth, were blown down; and that he thinks it highly necessary that others should be erected in their place as soon as may be. The appropriation made for his department for the present year, he supposes will be sufficient to defray the expense; but he doubts the propriety of his setting up new buildings unless authorized by particular direction. I have nothing further to communicate to you, Gentlemen, which calls for the immediate notice of the Legislature. But if in your opinion, any business of importance would suffer by a delay until the winter session, I shall cheerfully attend to whatever you may now propose, and co-operate with you in such measures as the public good may require. CALEB STRONG. Boston, 16th Nov. 1804. [45] In the Senate the Speech was committed to the Hon. Messrs. Starkweather, Bishwell, and Quincy, who have reported the following— ANSWER OF THE SENATE. May it please your Excellency, IT being the great object of the present session of the Legislature, to determine and declare the choice of Electors of President and Vice-President of the United States, on the part of this Commonwealth; and if the choice is not perfected by the votes of the people, to complete the same; your Excellency may be assured, that in executing that trust the Senate will be governed by the single motive of love to their Country. The letter of the Secretary of State, relative to the amendment in the Constitution, and the communication of the Quarter Master General, touching the buildings on Hospital Island, shall receive that attention, which they respectively merit: And should any other business of importance during the present session occur, the Senate will cheerfully co-operate, with your Excellency, in all such measures as the public good may require. ANSWER OF THE HOUSE. May it please your Excellency, THE House of Representatives, at their last session, being sensible of the inconveniences, which would arise from a long recess, at this season of the year, referred most of the unfinished business, to the third session of the present General Court; it is therefore presumed that few matters will at this time, urgently claim the attention of the House. Should it appear that the people, have not completed the choice of Electors of President and Vice-President of the United States, the trust, which in that event, is committed to the two branches of the Legislature, we hope will be executed with a single view to the welfare & honor of the United States. We beg your Excellency to be assured that this House will pay due attention to all matters, which you have been pleased to suggest for our consideration. A review of your Excellency's past conduct, gives us the fullest assurance of your Excellency's readiness to co-operate with us in all measures which the public good may require. SATURDAY, Nov. 17.—Ordered, that Messrs. Welles, Clark, Goodwin, Jackson, Phelps, Hatch, Fisher, Albert Smith and Symmes, with such as the Honorable Senate may join, be a Committee to examine the returns of Votes for Electors of President and Vice President, and report who are chosen—sent up for concurrence. An order was brought down from the Senate, that a joint committee be appointed to take into consideration the expediency of prohibiting individuals from issuing negotiable notes, due bills, or any kind of paper, payable to order or bearer, for sums less than five Dollars; and also the expediency of granting liberty to the respective Banks in this Commonwealth, to issue bills of a less denomination than five dollars, & to repeal by bill or otherwise. FROM A BOSTON PAPER. We have been favored by a friend with a Surinam paper, of September 29th, containing the following PROCLAMATION. By his excellency major general for Charles Green, com-
manding his majesty's land forces, and governor of the colony of Surinam, &c. &c. &c. Whereas the time limited in my proclamation bearing date the 29th day of May last for regulating the trade to and from this colony in neutral vessels, is about to expire, and his majesty's pleasure not having been signified on that, I have thought it expedient, by virtue of the power and authority in me vested to publish this my proclamation, hereby declaring that it shall and may be lawful, from and after the 29th of this present month of September, and during the term of three months, to import into this colony in American or other neutral bottoms belonging to the subjects of any power in amity with his majesty, tobacco, pitch, tar, turpentine, hemp, flax, masts, yards, bow-sprits, staves, heading, boards, timber, shingles and lumber of any sort, horses, mules, cattle, sheep, hogs, poultry, and live stock of any kind, bread, biscuit, flour, peas, beans, potatoes, wheat, rice, oats, barley, and grain of any sort, pickled and dry fish, from the American dominions of such neutral powers aforesaid, upon payment of a duty of four per cent. as well as upon the commodities herein before specified, as upon such as it shall hereafter be found necessary to be permitted upon emergency or otherwise. And whereas it is also expedient to allow such American and other neutral vessels as are permitted to trade under the proclamation to export certain articles the produce of this colony in return for the cargoes so imported, I do therefore declare that it shall and may be lawful to permit the exportation of rum and molasses in such American and other neutral vessels as aforesaid upon payment of duty of eight per cent. upon such commodities as shall be so exported.
NEW-YORK. NEW-YORK, Nov. 24. The trials of Richard Riker, Robert Swartwout, Nathaniel Pendleton, and William P. Van Ness, Esqrs. for Duelling, in violation of the laws of this state, will, we understand, come on at the present sessions of the Supreme Court, now sitting at the City-hall in this city. Mer. Adv. Letters had been received at St. Croix from Europe, previous to captain O'Brien's departure, stating the great probability of Denmark joining the coalition which it was expected would be speedily formed against France by Russia and Sweden.—Merc. Adv. ILLICIT TRADE!! Yesterday failed from Staten Island, and went to sea, about 5 o'clock (P. M.) the fine ships Indostan, of 20 guns, Leander, of 16, Oliver Ellsworth, Eugenia, Sophia, brig Dolly of 14 guns, and schooner Diana, of 6 guns, all for St. Domingo. Four of these vessels are owned by Samuel G. Ogden, and two chartered by the same gentleman.—Morn. Chron. MR. PICHON, Consul General of the French Republic to the U. States, acting as Charge des Affairs , has, it is said, received his letter of recall, and will take an early departure for France, being succeeded in his ministerial functions by the appointment of General Turreau. He left the city of Washington last week. It is not considered that this arrangement reflects any disgrace on Mr. Pichon. His appointment as a member of the Legion of Honor bespeaks satisfaction at his conduct—but it is supposed that he is to be employed in a diplomatic capacity at some one of the European courts. [N. Y. Morning Chronicle. The following orders have been issued by the President of Guadalupe, to all American captains: "Orders of the President of Guadalupe." "It is forbidden to all American captains, under the penalty of two hundred dollars, to introduce into this colony any newspapers, gazettes or proclamations, from any part of the world whatsoever; and if they have any on board, they may and must deposit them at the Captain of the Port's Office. "Done at Bassetore, (Guadalupe) the 5th Vendemiaire, 15th year of the French republic. "G. ROBERT, Senora, Interpreter."
PENNSYLVANIA. LANCASTER, Nov. 20. Electoral Elections. From the returns received in the office of the Secretary of this Commonwealth, we are now enabled to lay before our readers the amount of the Votes given, in the different Counties of this State, at the late Election for Electors of a President and Vice-President of the United States, viz. Republican Ticket, headed Chas. Thompson, 22,103 Fed. do Geo. Latimer, 1,179 The Ticket formed in Adams county did not receive that support, from the Federal Party, which its Framers anticipated. The Leaders of the opposition, in this State, independent of the Contempt they felt for the obscure Press , who assumed the power of Nomination to public Office (a power which, their Politics should have taught them, belonged exclusively to the Great) had no inclination to discover how many Federal Partizans Pennsylvania was blessed with!!! The new French Minister—Gen. Turreau, ambassador from France to the United States, arrived at Washington city on Sunday last, attended by three members of his suite. During the short time he remained at Annapolis, every attention had been shown him by the Governor of Maryland, and by the members of the legislature of that state now in session. A mistake was made, in the announcement of the arrival of this gentleman, by confounding the names of the Generals Turreau and Thuriet. The latter had been one of the earliest promoters of the French revolution, had been a distinguished member of the different legislative bodies, particularly of the convention. His politics were what have been termed jacobinical, and in the convention he had been one of the strongest advocates for representative government on the broadest basis.—He had been decidedly opposed to the Girondine party, yet objected to their being sacrificed. He had been one of the committee of public safety with Robespierre and Marat, yet was opposed to the cruelty of the one, and the speeches of the other. When the Mountain party was overthrown, Thuriet escaped the fate of its members. By the several governments, which had succeeded, he had, we understand, been considered as a suspected person, not disposed to be content under any other than a free government emanating from the unbiased judgement of the nation; and in consequence had been compelled to reside at a distance from Paris. What his situation has been under the consular and imperial governments, we have not learned. Gen. Turreau, the minister to this country, had likewise been an early friend to the revolution; he had not, however, been engaged in the political agitation as Thuriet had been; his life was that of a soldier. During the civil war of La Vendee, Gen. Turreau had the command of the army of the republic; but, like other brave men, whose courage had not been seconded by fortune, he became an object of dislike or of suspicion, to the convention; and was recalled from the army and confined in prison, from whence however, he had soon after been liberated. The particulars of his subsequent
services or station we have no knowledge of; it is presumed, however, that in the army he had been distinguished, and by that and other means merited the confidence placed in him by his government, in his appointment as minister to the U. S. Aurora, Nov. 23. WASHINGTON, November 26. GENERAL TURREAU, Grand officer of the Legion of honor, appointed Minister Plenipotentiary of his majesty the emperor of the French, to the United States, was on the 23rd inst. received in that character by the President. General Turreau was accompanied by Capt. Marin, his first aid-de-camp. We understand that Madame Turreau and family are daily expected, in a vessel that was to sail shortly after the general's departure, attended by Mr. Petry, first secretary, and Mr. de Cabre, second secretary of legation.—Nat. Int. Our accounts from the Mediterranean add fresh attestations to the valour and conduct of our seamen. The bombardment of Tripoli has commenced under circumstances that promise full and brilliant success. Commodore Preble, influenced by considerations which appear in the subjoined letters, has seized the earliest opportunity of reducing by force the pirates to a sense of justice. His arrangements, so far as they appear, have been judicious, and have been crowned with great success. The regular difficulties have not, we are advised, been yet received by the Secretary of the Navy. But we are authorised to state, on the ground of corroborating information, the contents of the letters, received at Philadelphia, to be authentic. The force engaged in the bombardment is not stated. It is probable, however, that the whole under the command of the Commodore was engaged. The squadron previous to the late equipment, consisted of the frigate Constitution, commanded by Commodore Preble, of two brigs, three schooners, six gun-boats, carrying each a twenty-four pounder, and two mortar boats. To oppose our force, Tripoli had fourteen gun-boats of the same capacity with ours, her fortifications, and several vessels, incapable of serious resistance. Of the gun-boats, three are taken, and three sunk. The decisive blow, therefore, with regard to her naval armament, is struck, by destroying nearly one half of its strength. The energy of the Commodore will next be directed against the fortifications, which are represented to be already injured, although the degree of injury is not stated. Every day's mail may be expected to bring us intelligence of the full infliction of an adequate punishment on the Bey, of the restoration of peace, and, of peace, and, we hope, of the liberation of our captive citizens. (Ib.) Congress. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. FRIDAY, November 23. Mr. Richards, from the committee of enrollment, reported the bill making further appropriation for carrying into effect the 7th article of the British treaty; which was thereupon signed by the Speaker. The chairman of the committee appointed on that part of the message of the president which relates to armed merchant vessels asked leave of the House to report by bill—Leave being granted—the chairman reported a bill to regulate the clearance of armed merchant vessels. Referred to a committee of the whole for Monday, and ordered to be printed. Mr. Holland's motion of yesterday authorising committees to appoint their own Chairman was considered, and on the question, will the House agree to the same, it passed in the negative, only thirty-three members voting in its favor. Mr. R. Griswold moved another resolution on the same subject, giving the committee power to elect their own chairman if a majority was so disposed, if not, that the first named member shall be the chairman, in case of his absence or excuse, then the second, and if neither of these members were present, then the next member named on the list. This motion lay on the table. However, On motion of Dr. Eustis to dispense with the standing rule of the House, it met an unanimous acquiescence, and the resolution was afterwards modified and agreed to as follows. That the first named member of any committee appointed by the Speaker or the House shall be the chairman, and in case of his absence or being excused by the House, the next named member, and so on as often as the case shall happen, unless the committee shall by a majority of their number elect a chairman. Mr. Jas. Gley presented the petition of S. G. Ogden of New-York, stating his purchase of the Philadelphia built ship, Indostan, which had been sold in 1797 to merchants in Hamburg; and from the peculiar hardship of the case, he prays though the laws are against his obtaining a new register, that he may be allowed the same. Referred to the committee of Commerce and Manufactures. A letter from Dr. Mitchell, addressed to the Speaker, informing that he had taken his seat in the Senate, to which he had been elected by the legislature of New-York, and thereon resigned his seat in the House. On motion of Mr. J. Randolph, another member in his stead was appointed on the committee of Commerce and Manufactures. On motion of Mr. Thomas, the Speaker was directed to inform the governor of New-York of the resignation of S. J. Mitchell, one of the representatives of that state. On motion of Mr. Clark a committee of three was appointed to enquire into the claimants to lands under the state of Georgia, lying in the state of Tennessee, for registering the evidence of their titles, with the Secretary of State, and that they report thereon to the House. Mr. Nicholson presented a petition from captain Alexander Murray of the United States Navy, stating that he had recaptured a vessel under Guadalupe, in May 1800, and sent her in for adjudication: in consequence of the decision of the supreme court, he was subjected to the payment of 19,397 dollars and 58 cents damages, &c. which he prays he may be exonerated from. Referred to the committee appointed on captain Little's case. The following motion of Mr. Rhea of Tennessee, was referred to the committee appointed on so much of the President's message as relates to the amelioration of the government of Louisiana. Resolved, That it is expedient to provide, by law, for exhibiting and registering in proper offices, in the original language used in the United States, all evidence of title and claim for lands within the territories ceded by the French republic to the United States, by the treaty of the thirtieth of April, in the year 1803, which have originated by virtue of any legal grant made by the French government, prior to the treaty of Paris, of the tenth day of February, in the year one thousand seven hundred and sixty-three; or of any legal grant made by the government of Spain, subsequent to the convention made by and between the French government and the government of Spain, of the third of November, one thousand seven hundred and sixty-two, and prior to the treaty of St. Ildefonso, of the first of October, one thousand eight hundred, or of any legal grant made by the British government subsequent to the said treaty of Paris, of the tenth day of February, in the year one thousand seven hundred and sixty-three, and prior to the treaty of peace of the third of September, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three. Adjourned.
LOUISIANA. ORLEANS, Oct. 4. Extra of a letter from Baton Rouge, to the Editor of the Telegraph. Baton Rouge, Oct. 8th, 1804. The troops destined to guard that part of Spanish quarter called Baton Rouge, which Kemper, the insurgent, wanted to lay waste, arrived here yesterday forenoon, at 8 o'clock, by a road which they had made from Pensacola. They consist of a detachment of 50 dragoons, one company of grenadiers, two companies of fusiliers, 20 artillery men, and two lying six pounders; (the Governor and several officers had arrived the preceding Sunday with a part of the dragoons) twelve officers and cadets, among which are Messrs. de Maxent commandant, de Rouffignac, captain of dragoons; twelve musicians and drummers; an artist and a commissary, &c. The troops, prior to their arrival, had stopped in the wood belonging to the late Mr. Poullet, near the village, where they repotted that night. They entered here in good order, the band preceding them; on their arrival near to the Fort, they discharged seven guns after which they entered it. The governor of Baton Rouge gave a superb dinner to all the officers and privates, the band playing all the time. Mrs. Peres sang several French songs. There was a ball in the afternoon which lasted until midnight. P. S.—The Abbe—passed this place with his bundle under his arm. He intends proceeding to the Natchez, and purpose stopping awhile at Point Coupee. May God speed and direct his morals and his conduct, since he is too old and too feeble to take care of himself. Extra of a letter to a gentleman in this city, dated Baton-Rouge, Oct. 16. "The report of Kemper's insurrection which was a vile attempt of banditti, that never amounted to 40 men, headed by a poor trifling wretch, and whose object was plunder, has drawn Governor Folck from Pensacola to this place, with a reinforcement of a few hundred regulars for the garrison, which is putting in a state of defence. He has an armed sloop on the Lake, to keep up a communication with Pensacola. The inhabitants of the different districts between the line of Mansfac, have been assembled, and are it is said, about opening a road between the Mississippi and Pensacola as Folck thinks it probable, from the tone and discourse of the Governor of New-Orleans, that an attempt will be made on his province, either by force or fraud—these intentions are not at all concealed, but in every one's mouth. The militia of Baton-Rouge turned out with the greatest alacrity to suppress the banditti, as soon as called on, but these latter on their approach fled across the line, and the major part have since found a refuge immediately on the north side of it, at a place called Pickneyville; and although several residents of that place, and others of the Mississippi territory, were concerned in the insurrection, embodied on the American side of the line, and marched thence, in arms, to disturb the Spanish government, and rob the people of an allied nation, (though their commander who signed the proclamation, was a militia officer of the Mississippi territory) still no notice was taken of them: and it leads us to suppose here, that your government was underhandedly concerned in fomenting this disturbance, for the sake of profiting by our confusion and ruin. We are here fully determined to make a desperate resistance in case of being immediately attacked by the Americans: or perhaps, if we see preparations made to that effect, we will not wait for the invaders, but boldly advance and meet them on their own ground, and risk a battle. "We firmly believe we can count on a perfect neutrality of the inhabitants of Louisiana, who say the American government has robbed them of the rights and privileges stipulated for them by Bonaparte, and that they do not see what they have to do with the quarrel, or what benefit will arise to them from an attempt to enslave us like themselves, in order to support a preposterous and foolish claim of your administration, who, blinded by their good fortune in obtaining, almost while asleep, the finest Province in America, are now inclined to risk the loss of it, plunge their country in a war in order to aggrandize their already too unwieldy territory. They count on our weakness, but they had better open their eyes to their own situation.—New-Orleans, with its works in ruins, whose fortifications Governor Claiborne permitted to be demolished by the people a few days after his arrival, that they might make fire wood of the pickets, may tempt us as much as Mobile does President Jefferson.—And on the arrival of the Marquis of Ruffignac, who is expected at Pensacola with twelve regiments from Europe and a fleet of small craft for the Lakes from Havana, we shall then be in a condition to bid defiance to your attempts. The people of this country are heartily attached to their Government.—They pay no duties, no taxes, get lands gratis, and have nothing more to wish for, while we see our late brethren at Orleans burthened with imposts, about to be taxed by a loi distant council, and without the possibility of obtaining an acre of land for their poor families. It is true they talked a great deal on the 4th of July last about liberty, but it was an embrio liberty, which it may take a century to bring to maturity among them: and the poor devils to whom these discourses were held, hung down their ears like asses who received blows instead of a feed of corn. We understand here that similar farces are acted in your atlantic cities on the same day; that paid or pensioned orators harangue the people, talk of liberty, and afterwards abuse those who do not cry out like themselves. The people of Orleans were not dupes on this occasion, they had but two days before peacefully assembled in a large Hall to hear their memorial read, and in testimony of their liberty the Governor took that opportunity to parade the whole of his garrison who marched with their usual loud and discordant music before the doors in order to give them a decent hint that if they felt any pain for the loss of liberty, and want of their stipulated rights he had a real medicine for them. It was in vain to excite trouble, the people were quiet and the Governor himself had not an opportunity of drawing the enormous fabric with which he flitted from the palace to the Colonel's house, and which in case of a cry of Vive la Liberte would have doubtless put an end to the Citiff who pronounced it, or to the abandoned hussies herself had she personally appeared before him. I have mentioned these circumstances to show you we have nothing to fear from below until our reinforcements arrive from Europe and Havana, and when this is done, we shall rather rejoice at the approach of a rupture than dread it." Phil. pop.
ANY gentleman who wishes to be in a private family, the time of the Assembly, can be accommodated at Mrs. Booth's, milliner, near Major Durall's, who likewise boards young gentlemen by the year on the most reasonable terms. Dec. 3. ep2
MISCELLANEOUS. From the Baltimore Fed. Gaz. COMMUNICATION. The powers of humane ingenuity, the vast expansion of which the natural intellect is susceptible, may not meet the notice or acquire the respect of the superficial observer who cannot look through nature up to Nature's God." But to a philosophical and reflecting mind, those astonishing stretches of extraordinary investigation, naturally excite not only wonder, but admiration, at the benignity of Providence, in the endowment of mankind with such astonishing capacities as are capable of making mere mechanical operations, to exhibit the actions of natural life, and even to excite the appearance of supernatural interference. These reflections forcibly pressed themselves upon my mind after viewing the machine exhibiting in this city, justly called The Mystery , and which in my opinion, is deservedly a subject of the most unqualified admiration of the surprising powers of human invention. From a small glass case (not so large as one of our city lamps) entirely isolated, totally unconnected with either the floor, the walls or the ceiling of the room, we hear the most dulcet and agreeable music charmingly vibrate in the ear; from the mellifluous sounds of the organ, to the more enchanting tones of the piano-forte, without any apparent manual assistance. Where no human intervention can possibly be perceived, or the most inquisitive eye of scrutinizing curiosity explore the invisible cause, replies are made to the most abstruse questions that may be asked in almost any language, with surprising acuteness and precision: It also reads print, when presented to any part of it: discriminates colours, &c. and although this case, or lantern, is not of sufficient dimensions to contain the smallest infant, yet the human breath can be distinctly heard and felt. In vain we look to the walls, the ceiling or the floor, for an explanation of the extraordinary phenomena; till our enquiries meet no gratification: for the machine being entirely unconnected with the whole, it would be absurd to suppose it dependent on either. Boyle justly observes, "I acknowledge that all must be performed either by mechanism or accident, either of which is wholly unaccountable." If the "Invisible lady" excited the astonishment and confounded the enquiries of the philosophers of all France, surely this Mystery might bid defiance to the investigations of all the learned in the universe. In my opinion, it is a most astonishing curiosity, and as such, independent of the gratification a light of it may afford, it deserves encouragement as a stimulus to the ingenious to pursue their researches until the utmost powers of the human understanding and ingenuity are fully ascertained. I am Messrs. Editors, your most ob't. FELLOW CITIZEN. Nov. 24. EXTRACT FROM AKIN'S DESCRIPTION OF MANCHESTER. The trade of Manchester may be divided into four periods. The first is that, when the manufacturers worked hard merely for a livelihood, without having accumulated any capital. The second is that, when they had begun to acquire little fortune, but worked as hard, and lived in as plain a manner as before, increasing their fortunes as well by economy as by moderate gains. The third is that, when luxury began to appear, and trade was pushed by funding out riders, for orders to every market town in the kingdom. The fourth is the period in which expense and luxury has made a great progress, and was supported by a trade extended by means of riders and factors through every part of Europe. It is not easy to ascertain when the second of these periods commenced; but it is probable that few or no capitals of 3000l. or 4000l. acquired by trade, existed here before 1690. However, towards the latter end of the last century and the beginning of the present, the traders had certainly got money beforehand, had begun to build modern brick houses, in place of those of wood and plaster. For the first thirty years of the present century, the old established houses confined their trade to the wholesale dealers in London, Bristol, Norwich, Newcastle, and those who frequented Chester fair. The profits were thus divided between the manufacturer, the wholesale, and the retail dealer; and those of the manufacturer were probably (though this is contrary to the received opinion) less per cent. upon the business they did, than in the present times. The improvement of their fortunes was chiefly owing to their economy at that time were now and then taken from families which could pay a moderate fee. By an indenture dated 1695 the fee paid appears to have been sixty pounds, the young man serving seven years. But all apprentices were obliged to undergo a vast deal of laborious work, such as turning warping mills, carrying goods on their shoulders through the streets, and the like. An eminent manufacturer in that age used to be in his warehouse before six in the morning accompanied by his children and apprentices. At seven they all came in to breakfast, which consisted of one large dish of water-pottage, made of oatmeal, water, and a little salt, boiled thick, and poured into a dish. At the side was a pan or basin of milk, and the master and apprentices, each with a wooden spoon in his hand, without the milk pan; and as soon as it was finished they all returned to their work. In George the First's reign many country gentlemen began to send their sons apprentices to the Manchester manufacturers; but though the little country gentry did not then live in that luxurious manner they have done since, the young men found it so different from home, that they could not brook this treatment, and either got away before their time, or, if they staid till the expiration of their indentures, they then, for the most part, entered into the army or went to sea. The little attention paid to rendering the evenings of apprentices agreeable at home, where they were considered rather as servants than pupils, drove many of them to taverns, where they acquired habits of drinking that frequently proved injurious in after life. To this in part, is to be attributed the bad custom of gilling, or drinking white wine as a whet before dinner, to which at one period a number of young men fell a sacrifice. When the Manchester trade began to extend, the chapmen used to keep gangs of pack-horses, and accompany them to the principal towns with goods in packs, which they opened and sold to shop-keepers, lodging what was unfold in small stores at the inns. The pack-horses brought back sheep's wool, which was bought on the Journey, and sold to the makers of worsted yarn at Manchester, or to the clothiers of Rochdale, Saddleworth, and the West-Riding of Yorkshire. On the improvement of turnpike roads wagons were set up, and the pack-horses discontinued; and the chapmen only rode out for orders, carrying with them patterns in their bags. It was during the forty years from 1730 to 1770 that trade was greatly pushed by the practice of sending these riders all over the kingdom, to those towns which before had been supplied from the wholesale dealers in the capital places before mentioned. As this was attended not only with more trouble, but with much more risk, some of the old traders withdrew from business, or confined themselves to as much as they could do on the old footing, which by the competition of young adventurers, diminished yearly. In this period traders flocked in from various quarters, which introduced a greater proportion of young men of some fortune into the town, with a consequent increase of luxury and gaiety. The loss of apprentices becoming

an object of profit, a different manner of treating them began to prevail. Somewhat before 1760, a considerable manufacturer allotted a back-parcel with a fire for the use of his apprentices, and gave them tea twice a day. His fees in consequence rose higher than had before been known, from 250l. to 300l. and he had three or four apprentices at a time. The highest fee known as late as 1769, was 500l. Within the last twenty or thirty years the visit increase of foreign trade has caused many of the Manchester manufacturers to travel abroad, and agents or partners to be fixed for a considerable time on the Continent, as well as foreigners to reside at Manchester. And the town has now in every respect assumed the style and manner of one of the commercial capitals of Europe.
A memorial has been presented to the French government, in which it is proposed, that every French Citizen, every year on the day of his marriage, or the birth of a child, should be obliged, under a fine of fifty livres, to plant a tree in the neighbourhood of his residence; and that every parent widowed, widower, son and daughter, on the day of the decease of their relatives or friends, are to plant trees on their graves, or not far distant from their places of burial. Should this memorial be changed into a law, not only fuel would be cheaper, but in ten years there would be timber enough in France to build both flotillas, and a fleet more powerful and numerous than that of England; and instead of importing timber or planks from Russia, Sweden and Denmark, they would be sufficient to provide Spain, Portugal and Italy with this necessary article.
During the month of May, between the 20th of June and the 20th of July, no less than 60 persons committed suicide at Paris, of whom twenty-two were women. Eighteen drowned themselves, eight banged themselves, thirty poisoned themselves, and ten shot themselves. Among them the most remarkable was Josephine Barre, in the Rue St. Dominique, who in a fit of jealousy, poisoned her lover and afterwards herself, but apprehensive that the poison would have no effect, she shot herself through the heart. A letter upon the table explained the cause of this rash act. She was just turned of seventeen, and an only child of a rich wood merchant, who has been mad ever since. Her mother died of convulsions on the day of her daughter's suicide. Another suicide, Louis De Fay, aged twenty-one, fell in love with his own sister; and his mother having discovered his incestuous passion, be poisoned them both, and afterwards banged himself. In a letter to the Prefect of Police, he demanded to be buried in the same grave with his sister, which has been consented to. She was not quite fifteen.
France at present, is in 108 departments, and 444 communes, with 5521 Justices of the peace, or cantons, divided into 91 senates, or tribunals of appeal, and 16 circles for Cohorts of the Legion of Honor; in 29 forest ranges, and in 27 military divisions. Charts of these divisions are already prepared. To restore the Church to peace, is an object with the present Emperor. Barral, Bishop of Meux, has been sent by his Imperial Majesty and the Cardinal Legate to discharge his religious functions in the diocese of Poitiers, and has been successful in reconciling to the unity of the Church many Priests, who had refused to unite under the present establishment. The invasion of England has been flattered by all the allusions of history, as the dignity of the Emperor has been supported by the talents of de la Lande, in the explanations of some appearances in astronomy. The gazettes say, "this day, Selperwick, near St. Omer, is the head quarters of the Emperor. It is worthy of remark that 20 centuries after the expedition of the first of the Caesars, another Caesar, for the same purpose of the invasion of England, took up his quarters on the same spot."
Dublin paper. The famous traveller, Baron Humboldt, after a visit to his brother, at Rome, intends to travel for twelve months in Turkey. He does not intend to publish his discoveries in South America, until he has finished all his travels, which, his friends say, will extend to Abyssinia.
London paper. LOUIS XVIII.—By the following article it appears that this unfortunate prince, has at last fixed his residence at Calmar, a Swedish seaport of considerable strength, and of some celebrity in the history of the north. It is to be presumed that the castle has been repaired for his reception, or it could not be said to be equal even to the shattered and desolate forms of the Compt de l'Isle. This palace stands on an eminence about five furlongs from the town, and was once occupied by the illustrious Margaret; but was suffered to go into decay, and as late as the year 1798, was actually occupied as a brewery or distillery, or both. Here, however, if Louis finds security and protection from the bale enemy that pursues him, the castle of Calmar will again be celebrated by the historian.
Nor. Ledger. The influence of Bonaparte at Berlin, and the impunity which his hired assassins were sure to enjoy at the former capital of Poland, shows that the King of France was no longer safe at Warsaw. But hardly had Louis the XVIII. remained six days at Grodno, when the same infamous characters, who had hitherto watched his motions, made their appearance. In Russia, the laws of hospitality are inviolable, and the Police is very severe; but, as he had no proof of a criminal design against those men, His Most Christian Majesty, with that generosity which has uniformly distinguished his conduct, preferred to leave his quiet retreat, and become again a wanderer; a living example of the vicissitudes of fortune, which gave him a right to throne, but refused him the humblest home; rather than by his stay to be the source of any uneasiness to the Russian Government. Ever since the murder of the Duke of Enghien, the fate for which the barbarous Corsican had marked the remaining members of the House of Bourbon, the young King of Sweden has pressed the King of France to accept in his dominions an asylum where neither the Corsican livery, nor bribes of indemnity, could protect foreign assassins from punishment. His Majesty, therefore, having quitted Grodno at midnight, proceeded to Mittau where he remained until a vessel was hired at the nearest seaport, when he embarked for Calmar, where his Majesty intends to fix his residence, there to wait a change of fortune. Calmar, the capital of the country of the same name, is situated upon the Baltic, in the province of Smaland, and contains about 5000 inhabitants. It is neatly built, and has a castle, in which his Majesty will reside. Being a frontier town, many battles have been fought in its neighbourhood, between Sweden and Denmark, until, by the victories of Charles X. the former acquired the province of Scania, Halland, and Bleking, from the latter. It was there the union of Calmar was concluded in the fifteenth century, which united under the sceptre of the Great Margaret, called the Semiramis of the North, the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden; an union afterwards dissolved by the machinations of the Swedish Nobility by the Danish King Christian II. The people here, as in every other part of Sweden, are poor, but hospitable, lively, and fond of strangers, and in no kingdom of Europe is the spirit of chivalry so high. Louis the XVIII. therefore, could not choose an asylum more suited to his circumstances and his fortune. There is another reason for this preference given to Sweden: Count De Ferlen, formerly a colonel of the regiment Royal Suédois in the French service, saved the life of His Most Christian Majesty in June, 1791, by aiding his escape at Valenciennes, when Louis the XVIII. was arrested at Varennes. This Nobleman is now one of the Members of the
Swedish Regency, during the absence of his Sovereign. It was this Nobleman, who, in October, 1792, at the risk of his life, penetrated into the dungeon of the Conciergerie, at Paris, to administer consolation, and to offer deliverance to the disconsolate widow of Louis XVI. the once beautiful Maria Antoinette, who, trusting to her rank, her sex, and her innocence, declined the offer, and became a victim to her mistaken confidence in the honour and justice of Revolutionary Brigands. Since that period, his Majesty has resided at Brussels, at Cobentz, at Turin, at Verona, with the army of Conde, in Denmark, at Mittau, at Warsaw and at Grodno. The wanderings of the King of France in the North of Europe do not excite more compassion in the breasts of the Continental Princes, than the wanderings in the South of another exiled Sovereign, the King of Sardinia. They stand upon the brink of an abyss into which every revolutionary blast threatens to plunge them; and surrounded with danger, they suffer themselves to be amused with new titles, impolitic fetes, and puerile fies. They are dancing upon the tomb of Royalty, instead of punishing the assassin by whose army Royalty was overthrown. They are courting a monster, who is ready to devour them, instead of hunting him from his den.
Cork paper. WILLIAM MCCABE—WATCH-MAKER: RETURNS his grateful thanks to the citizens of Richmond, Manchester and their vicinities, and respectfully informs them and the public, that he continues to repair all kinds of Watches and Clocks, on the shortest notice. He has for Sale, A handsome assortment of WATCHES, CHAINS, SEALS and KEYS. [Richmond, Dec. 1. e83t
THOMAS COURTNEY—TAYLOR: VERY respectfully begs permission to acquaint the public, that he still continues to occupy the house on the Main-street opposite the Bank, and immediately above Mr. Davis's Printing-Office. He tenders his most grateful acknowledgments to those gentlemen who have been so obliging as to favor him with their custom; and assures them and the public generally, that no exertion shall be wanting to ensure a continuance of patronage. Two or three good workmen would meet with employment by applying as above; and a couple of active lads are wanting as apprentices. Dec. 1. ept
TO RENT—For the ensuing year, THE WHITE HOUSE at Hanover Courthouse, together with the lots adjoining thereto, that are not attached to the Tavern. The house is a very commodious one with all the necessary offices. Also, for rent, a field containing about an hundred acres adjoining the premises, well calculated for the cultivation of corn. The above property will be rented separately or together, as may best suit those wishing to rent. Terms will be made known by the subscriber living at the Courthouse. BENJAMIN POLLARD, Trustee for the estate of PAUL THILMAN, dec'd. Dec. 1.
P. A. PETICOLAS & HIS SON AUGUST, PROFESSORS OF MUSIC, RESPECTFULLY inform the Ladies and Gentlemen of the city of Richmond and its vicinity, that they intend to teach MUSIC on the PIANO FORTE or HARPSICHORD. Orders, from Ladies or Gentlemen, left at Mr. Fleishar's (the Rising Sun) or at Mr. Gamble's store, will be particularly attended to. P. A. P. TUNES INSTRUMENTS. MINIATURE PAINTING; good likenesses, warranted by himself. Dec. 1. T88t
HAY-MARKET GARDENS WILL be kept open during the session of the General Assembly, and Entertainments prepared. Good Musicians, Professors of Fire-Works, Equestrian and other performers of celebrity, can be well accommodated with arrangements for their respective performances, or liberal terms. Several rooms, ready furnished with beds, &c. to let. Horses received at livery, at the reduced price of 2s. per night. Hay-Market, December 1. (2s.)
J. P. HOPKINS, RESPECTFULLY informs his friends and customers that he has engaged a sufficient number of good workmen, and will be thankful for a continuance of their favours. Dec. 1. T88u
A SCHOOL. THE subscriber intends opening a School at his plantation in Hanover county, about ten miles from Richmond, as early in the month of January 1805, as he shall have the assurance of six scholars; and wishing to pay a particular attention to the youth entrusted to his care, will not undertake the instruction of more than fifteen; which number he will be enabled to accommodate with board, &c. He purports to teach the English language grammatically, and in such-wise as to obviate the necessity for a knowledge of the dead languages; he will reach the practical branches of Mathematics and Geography. The most approved English authors will be read with a view to forming the taste, and applying the rules of grammar: the sense and scope of those authors, with the derivation, definition, and government of words, will be expounded. The ancient classics will be read in translations, whence the learner will become as familiarly acquainted with the customs, manners and mythology of the times when, and about which those authors treat, as if read in the original, and in a much shorter time. The price of tuition, board, lodging, and washing, will be forty pounds for each scholar per annum, to be paid quarter-yearly. JOHN SEABROOK. Richmond, Dec. 1. 8d
P.S. J. Seabrook will be thankful to those persons disposed to encourage him by confiding pupils to his care, to give him as early information thereof as possible, that he may be enabled to make the necessary arrangements in time.
TUITION. I PROPOSE keeping a School at the house of Col. William H. Mason, in the county of New-Kent, the next year, which will be under the patronage of that gentleman. I shall take only 15 pupils. The price of tuition will be £10. per year, one half to be paid in advance at the commencement of the year, and the other half at the expiration of six months. I propose to teach the Latin, Greek and French languages; the English Grammar, Geography, &c. Those that wish to place their children under my direction, had better make application as early as possible, as it is expected the school will be soon made up. Board may be obtained in the neighbourhood. THOMAS MACMURDO. Dec. 1. 1s
MULES.—FOR SALE, By the subscriber, at Mr. Hallam's, near the Capitol: SIXTY MULES, from two to three years old, and fit for immediate use.—Also, Two JACKS. Cash, Produce, or Notes, with approved indorsers, payable at the Bank of Virginia, at 60 days, received in payment. J. S. HALSEY. Dec. 1. ept
BILLS OF LADING, SHERIFF'S BLANKS, BLANK BONDS, &c. &c. FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
ENQUIRER. RICHMOND: SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1804. PROGRESS OF IMPROVEMENT. NO. II.
Before the improvement of a country has penetrated as far back as the tide-water of its rivers extends, its cultivation, and its commerce are equally progressive. The industry of the merchants and of the farmers is equally employed in decorating and clearing each distant landscape; and wherever the industrious plough is seen retiring from the coasts of the ocean, there also may we behold the spreading falls of an indefatigable commerce, and the clustered habitations of the merchant and mechanic. Agriculture is employed in scattering her fruitful gems over new and distant soils, and commerce every where accompanies her footsteps, accumulates an active capital and exhibits her condensed population. Wherever the country is cleared and enriched by the honourable hand of the cultivator, the productions of the earth and the commodities of commerce are proportionally augmented: new merchants appear, who derive an abundant profit from the transportation of this increasing produce: and new fites are selected on the banks of the navigable rivers, where the exports of the country are carefully deposited, whence they are transported to other countries in vessels of sufficient burthen, and whither the exchangeable produce of other nations is destined to be conveyed. These diminutive settlements, which may at first be regarded as so many commercial colonies, become, in the progress of time, the centers of an increasing population, and the nuclei of rich and flourishing towns. An area of ground which at first exhibited no more than a few scattered granaries, and a few retail stores, may at length be fortunate enough to contain regular streets, commodious houses, and a numerous and dissimilar population. Many are invited by the prospects of gain, who have never devoted their capital and time to any of the schemes of commerce; and many who have no regular business to pursue, will be allured within this busy circle by the opportunity of extracting some enjoyment from a revenue which they receive without labour. It is seen that the humble mechanic is generally there to ply his favourite art; the man of a literary cast, or of professional pursuits, is found to select a scene which is so congenial to his feelings, or so favourable to his occupation: and the wealthy landlord or the independent stockholder have too many inducements to resort to a situation, where the refinements of taste, or the resources of luxury, are continually exciting some new want, or gratifying some new caprice. It is in this manner, that agriculture, as it ascends the confines of the navigable rivers, occasions the selection of new places of deposit, and the establishment of new towns: and it is for this reason, that in every civilized country so many towns may be traced on the map of its navigable rivers. In proportion as the towns ascend the banks of the river, the commerce and population of those which are situated nearer to its mouth, are arrested and perhaps diminished. Some new place of deposit is selected from its contiguity to some neighbouring district of cultivated country. The experience of transportation being consequently diminished; a certain proportion of the commerce, which formerly enriched the lower town, is now directed to this rising settlement, and this gives way in its turn to some more elevated situation, which commands a greater extent of the back country. This regular succession is uniformly exhibited in every cultivated country; its agriculture continually retiring into the interior districts, and the capital and improvements of towns continually ascending the navigable rivers; until the merchant has reached the highest navigable point. At this point the falls of the river may sometimes arrest the progress of the tide-water, and the ascent of vessels of considerable burthen; or sometimes the natural shallowness of its channel presents a similar impediment to the usual course of navigation. It is then, that new modes of communication must necessarily be employed: it is then, that commerce assumes a new and original character; and the peculiar advantages of a city, situated at the foot of the falls, or at the highest point of deep navigation, are now exhibited in all the splendour of their detail.
The productions of all that district of back country, which is contiguous or near to the river, cannot now be conveyed to the foreign or distant market without passing through and contributing to nourish and enrich this favoured city. Should the produce be conveyed down the river, it cannot be embarked on vessels of sufficient burthen to encounter the hair-breath accidents of a tempestuous sea. Boats and bateaux can be the only vehicles of communication on the river: and these must arrive with their freight at this lower town. It thus becomes the emporium of all the exports of the upper districts of country; and of course of all the valuable imports, which it receives from distant markets. Other towns may indeed be erected on more elevated sites on the river: perhaps there is not a tributary stream which does not behold upon its banks some new and prospering place of deposit; and yet these will scarcely be able to injure or affect the growing prosperity of the lower settlement. When nature chequered the channel of the river with impassable rocks, or arrested the progress of the tide, it was she who erected into an emporium of commerce, and decreed to it an independent and fruitful source of population and riches. It was then too that she drew the wide line of discrimination which will forever subsist between that and all the other towns which had been erected on the banks of the river, and between that district of country and all the rest which are between it and the mouth of the river. At least this singular difference will subsist forever, unless the art of man shall employ its wonted power, should clear the bed of the river from its natural obstructions, or should open a communication by a canal into the interior country, which shall be equally accessible with the most capacious channel of the river.
Where can we meet with a more satisfactory illustration of these abstract theorems, than in the history of our own state? The map of Virginia bears upon its surface the inscription and lines of three admirable rivers; the James, Rappahannock, and Potomac rivers; and each of these has seen the stream of emigration rolling backwards, and cultivating and enriching its most fecundest branches. Each of them too has seen new towns established on its banks & afterwards, exhibiting all the most flattering promises of a most extensive prosperity, and finally arrested and supplanted by the auspicious situation of some more fortunate rival. At the foot of the falls, however this principle is found to lose its principal operation; for here are to be seen the most attractive centers of commercial capital and increasing population. At the foot of the Appomattox, we have a view of Petersburg; on the James River, we see Richmond acquiring an almost incalculable influence: Fredericksburg flourishes on the Rappahannock;
and Alexandria and George-Town near the falls of the Potomac. Let us cast our eyes near to the mouths of these rivers, and we behold in some places a stationary commerce, and in others we behold even the melancholy monuments of its retrograde and ruined condition. James Town on the river, and Urbana & Hol-Bacon on the Rappahannock might have indeed presented us with very different prospects, had not these respective rivers ascended with a sufficient body of water to Richmond and to Fredericksburg. (The subject to be continued.)
LETTER III. TO THE LEGISLATURE OF VIRGINIA. [CONCLUDED.]
No enlightened politician can entertain even a momentary doubt, that deepening the channel and clearing out the obstructions of James river, would be accompanied by a very considerable benefit to the city of Richmond, to all the Upper Country, and to almost every part of the community. The only doubt which can possibly be entertained on this subject, must spring not from the measure itself, but from the arrangements made by the law for its effectual accomplishment. If the observations of the preceding part of this letter be correct, there was indeed an adequate foundation laid for these apprehensions, even independently of the law itself. No man who considers all the circumstances of the case, the inevitable ignorance of the legislature on the depth of the river, and their ignorance of the nature of its bed, but must have seen some reason to doubt the complete competency of that body to embrace and provide for all the necessary details of the project. Without a comprehensive knowledge of the nature & difficulties of such an undertaking it would certainly seem impossible for the legislature to determine the amount of the stock which should be necessary to complete it, the rate of tollage which they should impose, or the tonnage and draught of vessels which should be exempted from the contribution.
These doubts have not yet been dissipated by a consideration of the law itself. Few men, who have made any investigation into the actual circumstances of the case, have found much reason to eulogize its provisions. Repeated complaints have been made of its injustice; and it now becomes the duty of the legislature to enquire into their real foundation. An impartial enquiry will certainly be sufficient to convince them that there are several provisions of this law, which can scarcely be reconciled to a found policy: at the same time perhaps they may discover that the criticisms of its commentators have been in general too severe and undistinguishing. Should this view of the subject be correct, there is at once the best basis laid for an amicable compromise between the company and the state. Without the delay and expense of referring to the regular tribunal, a court of justice, it may be possible to agree upon certain modifications of the charter, which shall at once preserve the most important rights of the community, and the most valuable privileges of the company.
(One of the principal objections to this law, has been extracted from the great law of nature and nations. In every country, it is said there is a common law independent of prescription and even superior to the legislative power. It is a law, emanating from the obvious relations of society, and deriving all its respect from acknowledged convenience. It is said that the judiciary power is to be considered as the venerable guardians of this law, and that the nature of their function devolves upon them a right of declaring any positive law nugatory or inefficient, which should violate any of its maxims. The navigable rivers of a country are represented as the commons of society; and the privilege of navigating them is placed under the guardianship of the common law. But the law incorporating the James River Company, has been said, to violate this imperceptible privilege. Persons who have hitherto been entitled to navigate this river without the payment of a toll, would then be compelled to contribute to the advantage of a company, who had conferred no new benefit upon them. Every vessel which draws more than 5 feet of water, will then be compelled to purchase this privilege: altho' it is a fact that the channel has been always open for vessels of a greater draught of water. The shallowest part of the river is that which lies between its shore and the sand-bar above Warwicks. Yet even that channel has been lately found by careful soundings to contain 7 feet at low water, and 11 feet at common tide water. It is therefore obvious that every vessel which can draw between 5 and 11 feet of water is now enabled to navigate the river; although the law imposes upon them the necessity of paying 6 cents upon every ton that they carry. Does not this positive law then, violate the unwritten law of society; and would it not be the duty of the judiciary department to annul the stipulations of a charter, which was in obvious opposition to the great charter of nature?—It must therefore be required by the opponents of the law, that its 12th section should be amended so as to permit all "vessels drawing less than "eleven" feet of water" to use and navigate the river free from toll.
This objection is irresistible in its present form; but an important observation deserves our notice. It is true that the river is at present open to all vessels drawing 11 feet of water; but will it always be so? Are not the channels of our rivers continually filling up? Has not the depth of this very river been progressively decreasing from the alluvion of its sands? It is not a fact that vessels of considerable burthen as can now ascend to City point, have been formerly known to reach even above Warwicks? Is not the bar of sand near that place the growth of very late years; and is it not continually augmenting? I have been told that it has even extended 50 yards during the present year. Will not a period then arrive, when vessels drawing less than 11 feet will in vain attempt to navigate its channel? And if this incorporated company should prevent this inconvenience, ought they not to receive some compensation for the expense? What then does this argument amount to? That some distant period should be preferred when vessels having a small draught of water should be obliged to pay a certain toll to the company; and that this period should be taken from the time when the increasing alluvion of the sands might be expected to impede their navigation.
Another objection to this law has been taken from the rate of tollage. The stock of the company is 50,000 dollars, and the toll is 6 cents upon every ton. Will not then, the great amount of the tolls, an amount too continually increasing with the trade of Richmond, be much more than sufficient to furnish an adequate dividend upon this small capital? And is not the rate of the tolls therefore too exorbitant? It should be recollected however that the capital which must be expended, will in all probability exceed the legal stock. A rough estimate of one source of expense alone may be sufficient to illustrate this position. The sand-bar near Warwicks, is about 1075 yards long, and it is in several places not more than 4 or 5 feet under the water. It is proposed to open the navigation by an oblique section through this bar, which will be about 572 1-2 yards long, & about 380 wide. The mass of sand which is to
be cut thro' and removed, is calculated to be equal to 125,820 cubic yards. At 25 cents per yard, this single expense will come to 31,455 dollars. The timber and materials necessary to line and support the sides of this canal are estimated at about 2500 dollars. Between this bar and Rockett's there are three other principal obstructions to be removed; and this additional labour will involve a considerable but uncalculable expense. Indeed no estimate can as yet be formed, until new soundings have been made and new experiments have been tried upon the texture of the bed of the river. Should it consist of soft and pulverizable stone, it may be removed by the ordinary mechanic powers; but should it be composed of a solid and resisting bed of rock, the company will have to incur the expense of exhausting it of its water, and fracturing it with gun-powder. No calculation has as yet been made of the expense of forming the acquired communication between Rockett's and Rock landing. The expense of the company must thus probably exceed the estimate of the law; and the tolls allowed to them will not consequently appear so exorbitant.
Other objections have been offered, which will doubtless be submitted to the wisdom of the legislature. Since these remarks have been written, the author has been informed by every good authority, that the channel between the bar and the shore has really become deeper by the abatement of the sand, although the bar itself has increased in its dimensions. Should it continue to increase, one of three events must obviously happen: either the river must spread itself upon its banks, or the current of its waters must become more rapid, or the channel between the bar and the shore must be widened and deepened. One of these events may perhaps occasion the other: the increased rapidity of the current may sweep away the soft sand and form a deeper channel.
One hundred towns in New-Hampshire give the following votes for the electoral ticket. Republican 6093 Federal 5766 majority 327 420 towns in Massachusetts give the electoral ticket as follows: Republican 28,424 Federal 2 Federal 28,422 majority 5,972 The Boston Gazette, a federal paper, lays "the democratic ticket for electors has prevailed in New-Hampshire."
Prince Jerome and his lady left this city on Thursday last, for Annapolis, where they embarked for France on board the frigate President, of 44 guns, which we understand immediately weighed anchor and proceeded down the bay. The British frigate Revolutionnaire, of 44 guns, has arrived in Hampton Roads, and if the commander is disposed to report, he may have an opportunity of trying the prowess of his tars. Fed. Gaz.
This gentleman and his lady arrived here last night in the stage from Norfolk. The Editor would be extremely unwilling to encourage even a momentary belief, that this transient notice of a foreigner is intended as a tribute of particular respect. For a man, with whose real character he is unacquainted, he is unable to feel, and surely would be unwilling to express, any extraordinary degree of that sentiment. It is at the shrine of public curiosity alone, that he is willing to offer up even this sacrifice of his feelings.
Died—On the 20th ult. at his feet, on the banks of the Tappahannock, Dr. JOHN BROKENBROUGH, Sen'r. aged 60 years.
He was a virtuous and an useful member of society. As a friend and a physician, his worth and his services will long be held in grateful remembrance. He practiced medicine with great success for the space of 27 years, & seemed destined by nature for the profession in which he was educated. To a remarkable penetration in discriminating between the different shades of disease, he added great promptness and decision in the application of his remedies. His disposition was benevolent, his temper patient, and his manners gentle. Although his constitution was delicate, no journey however laborious, no disease however contagious dismayed him in his professional duty. To sooth the distresses of his surrounding friends was his care as well as to administer relief to his patient. He was practically a philanthropist and was virtuous from sentiment rather than from duty. As a husband he was tender, affectionate and kind. As a parent it is almost impossible to do him justice; his unceasing anxiety and persevering attention to the education and welfare of his children have made upon their hearts an everlasting impression of gratitude. He was seized on the 16th with a violent Pleurisy which terminated his life in five days. He bore his sufferings with fortitude, and looked forward to the issue of his disease with perfect calmness and resignation.
Sales at Auction.
By the subscribers at their Vendue office on Monday the 3d. Decem. next at 11 o'clock, will be commenced the sale of the following goods, to be continued from day to day until the whole are sold, viz. TWO boxes Irish Linens; by the piece; 60 pieces Velvets, Velverets and Constitution Cord; 3 Trunks Calicoes and Chintz, by the piece; 30 pieces Dimities do.—Suspenders, Silk, Romall and Pulicat hfs.—Linen checks, Cotton Hfs., Ladies extra long silk gloves, &c. &c. Terms of sale for all funds under 50 dollars cash; above 50 dollars and not exceeding 150 dollars 4 mo. above 150 and not exceeding 500, 6 mo.—exceeding 500, 9 months; for approved endorsed notes, negotiable at the bank of Virginia. PROSSER & MONCURE, V. Mtrs. Dec. 1.
Auction Sales.
THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. WILL in future fill at the store occupied by M. W. Hancock & Co. on Wednesday's in each week; and at their office, on Tuesdays and Fridays as usual. Dec. 1, 1804. ept
Sales at Auction.
WILL be sold on the premises, on Saturday the 8th day of December next, the corner BRICK TENEMENT, on Shockoe Hill, opposite to Mrs. Page. Terms of sale—One-third cash—one-third in 60 days, the remainder in 120 days; for which notes with approved indorsers negotiable at the bank, will be expected. THOMAS TAYLOR, & Co. V. M. Dec. 1, 1804. (ept)
NEIL McCOULL has received his FALL SUPPLY OF DRY GOODS. Nov. 14. ept
THE GRAND LODGE OF VIRGINIA will meet in the Mason's Hall, in the city of Richmond, at 6 o'clock in the evening of Monday the 10th day of December next. W. H. FITZWHYLSOHN, G. S. Nov. 14.

The RAINBOW.—Series 2d.
No. V.
ON THE AMERICAN GENIUS.
PART 2d.
TO a mind, which is fond of tracing the analogies which subsist between the physical and moral world...
The life of a nation is marked by the same gradations, which take place in the existence of every individual.
But nations, altho' their progress is also governed by laws, are not so uniform as to the time when they attain the different stages of their existence.
There are but two modes in which we can make a comparison between different nations.
make a due allowance for the more or less advantageous situation of the several persons; and in the second instance, we must enquire whether the younger man is an intelligent for his period of life...
In the same manner, if two nations could be found, of equal age and equal opportunities in all respects...
Most authors have traced three epochs in the progress of a nation—the hunting state, the pastoral, and the agricultural.
If I shall prove that the savage inhabitants of America, were fully as intelligent as any other nation in the same degree of civilization...
It happens in this enquiry, as in many others, that it is more difficult to agree upon the mode in which it shall be conducted...
It is true that they had acquired none of the ornamental arts, and few of those which are apt to consider as essential to our comfort.
But it would require a volume to refute all the charges which have been unjustly made against the first foreigners of America.
In both these countries we behold the germs of civilization rapidly developing, in an extensive territory...
appear, and where the principles of an extensive policy had made some advances. In short the American character seemed to be fast emerging from barbarism and ignorance...
ASTONISHING INVISIBLE LADY.
THE ACOUSTIC TEMPLE, Incomprehensible Crystal, and reflecting Mirror.
Is now exhibiting in Richmond in the cross street leading from the Main Street between the Eagle and the Union Taverns...
THE amateurs of science and curious experiments will find in this exhibition the most surprising phenomenon that has ever been discovered in acoustics.
Description of the Exhibition. In a temple, representing those where the Egyptian priests delivered their oracles, is a small altar, and a crystal (as described by Dr. Dee, &c.) for consulting spirits.
Hours of Exhibition, from 9 o'clock till 11, and from 2 till 6, and from 7 till 9 in the evening. Admission 75 cents.—Children 50.
PETER BELLETT.
NURSERY and SEEDSMAN, at Williamsburg, intending to remove to the state of New-York, offers FOR SALE, his NURSERY; containing 20 acres of rich manured Land...
Currents, Gooseberries and Strawberries of sorts, Grape Vines of sorts, Artichokes and Asparagus Roots...
ALSO—may be had with the nursery 8 Negroes, 3 of which are well acquainted with Gardening and Nursery work.
Orders left with Mr. George Greenhow at Richmond, Messrs. John and Sam. Peniston at Petersburg, will be duly attended to with dispatch.
On the third Thursday in December next, at the dwelling house of the late Joseph Friend, in Manchester, WILL BE SOLD.
ALL the Household and Kitchen furniture of the late Joseph Friend, and several other articles. Twelve months credit will be allowed, but bond with security will be required.
The subscriber, by virtue of the power granted him by the Will of the said Joseph Friend, will sell at private sale, the house in Manchester wherein he resided, three unimproved lots in the city of Richmond, and four hundred acres of Land in Halifax...
EDWARD FRIEND.
BANK OF VIRGINIA.
THE Stockholders are hereby notified, That the Second Installment on their Shares will become due on Friday the 7th of December, when payment must be made to the Bank.
J. BROCKENBROUGH, Cashier.
Nov. 14. 3w
THE subscriber is authorized to rent the house at Hay-Market now occupied by John Heath esq. The house is large and convenient, and may be obtained on reasonable terms.
PHILIP N. NICHOLAS.
November 14.—[eP. t.]
A PETITION will be presented to the next General Assembly, to establish a FERRY on the lands of PETER RUST, in Richmond County, to his said Rust's lands in Essex County.
September 15.—[Smep.]
NOTICE.
To be sold to the highest bidder, on the fourth Wednesday in December next, at Hanover Court-House.
THE Seat whereon the subscriber now resides, containing between three and four hundred acres, of valuable farming land. This situation contains as many natural advantages, as most in the county.
BATHURST JONES. Hanover County, Nov. 14.—(td.)
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND.
MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use.
Imported Boots and Shoes, of the best quality and newest fashion, for sale. Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward their measures, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot.
FOR SALE.
At Louisa Courthouse, on the first Wednesday in December next.
182 VALUABLE SLAVES,
CONSISTING of Men, Women, Boys and Girls, belonging to the estate of Christopher Smith, decd. Among them is a valuable TANNER, regularly bred to the business.
CHARLES SMITH, Acting Executor of Christopher Smith, decd. October 3. (epid.)
WHEREAS doubts are entertained, whether the corporation of the city of Richmond, have authority to appoint a mathematical surveyor...
PUBLIC NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That a petition from the President and Common Council of the said City, will be presented to the next General Assembly of this Commonwealth...
ANDREW STEVENSON, C. C. C. October 17. (epima.)
LAND IN AMHERST.—FOR SALE.
BY Virtue of a deed of trust from Mr. Charles Grymes, the subscriber will sell at the Eagle Tavern, in the city of Richmond, on Thursday the 6th day of December next.
A TRACT OF LAND on Little Piney River, in the county of Amherst, formerly the property of William Wedderburn. It is said that this land is of high quality...
JOHN MINOR. Nov. 21. (ep5t.)
Williamsburg Nov. 3d 1804.
THE Commissioners appointed by Law to conduct the LOTTERY for the benefit of WILLIAM & MARY COLLEGE, earnestly entreat all those who have been so obliging as to aid in the disposal of tickets, and who may not have complied, as yet, with a former familiar request...
J. MADISON, Chairman, zw
Mode of Returns.
Table with 3 columns: 1. Let this column contain the particular No. of each Ticket received, & from whom received. 2. In this state the No. of each Ticket sold. 3. In this state the settlement which has been made, and with whom.
Nov. 21. (ep2w)
DANCING.
MR. JAMES WARRELL respectfully acquaints his friends and patrons, that his Dancing Academy will open on Thursday the 7th of December, at the house at present occupied by Mr. Jones as the Loan Office...
Nov. 21. (ep4t)
With to employ a man without a family as an Assistant in my School at the Hot-Springs in the county of Bath, who can come well recommended for his sobriety, morality and integrity...
FRANCIS CRUTCHFIELD. Hot-Springs, Nov. 21. (ep3w)
Insurance against Fire.
Phenix Fire Office, London, May 1, 1804.
THE numerous and destructive Fires which have happened within the period of the last years, in different parts of Europe and America...
The Phoenix Office of London, is an institution sufficiently known by the very large and important losses it has paid, in consequence of the extensive conflagrations in the cities and towns of America...
Nov. 3. ep16.
CHOICE LANDS—FOR SALE.
A DIVISION of the famous Saura Town Lands having taken place between the heirs of James Park Farley, Esq. decd. and Col. John S. Farley and his sister Mrs. Elizabeth Morton...
Those lands lie on Dan and Smith's Rivers, in Rockingham county, on the borders of North Carolina, about 170 miles from Petersburg and Richmond.
ROBERT TAYLOR, or CHARLES DUNCAN. Petersburg, Nov. 24. ep17
WILL BE SOLD.
At public sale, at Zachariah Brooks' Tavern, in Manchester, on Tuesday the 11th of December next, 150 acres of LAND.
ALL in woods, and of prime quality, lying in Chesterfield county, on the north side of the Buckingham road, and adjoining the lands of Mr. James Scott, about seven miles from Manchester.
WM. GAY. Buckingham, Nov. 7. (tds)
NOTICE.
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed...
JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshall V.D. July 7. ep-cf.
Mediterranean Passports.
NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the 8th day of July, next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel...
Department of State, 23d of May, 1804.
The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazettes twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices. June, 2.
THREE DWELLING HOUSES TO BE RENTED.
ONE situate at the foot of Adams' hill, and but a small distance from the Masons Hall, lately occupied by Mr. Thomas Underwood; on this lot there is a very good and well enclosed garden, a well of excellent water and other conveniences.
The other situate in the alley between the street leading to Shockoe warehouse, and that leading to Mayo's Bridge, lately occupied by Mr. John Robbins.
The other situate in the back street near Harris's Tobacco-manufactory, and the Rock landing—having a large garden well included, and at present occupied by Mr. Henry Tompkins.
Joseph Gallego. Who has for sale, A light Coach, nearly new, with plated mounted harness, complete for two horses. 18th October. (epif.)
Drumina.
IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE of the ENQUIRER.