The Virginia gazette (Williamsburg [Va.]), 1775-02-18 00:00:00

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THE FREEHOLDERS POLITICAL CATECHISM:
Or, the Duty of Voters for Members of Parliament.
By LORD BOLINGBROKE.
HIS little piece being delivered in form of a catechism, it is unnecessary to add that it is plain, clear, and concise. If any thing were wanting to its perspicuity, it is needless to say, that it would receive it from the pen of the writer. — The points on which it principally turns are the privilege of a freeholder, the liberty he enjoys by the laws, his obligations to support that liberty, the supreme legislative power of the King, his prerogative, the meaning of the word loyalty, &c. &c. Of these the reader will have some idea from the following extract.
Question. Who are you? Answer. I am T. M. a freeholder of Great Britain.
Q. What privilege enjoyest thou by being a freeholder of Great Britain? A. By being a freeholder of Great Britain, I am a greater man in my civil capacity than the greatest subject of an arbitrary Prince; because I am governed by laws, to which I give my consent; and my life, liberty, and goods, cannot be taken from me but according to those laws. I am a freeman.
Q. Who gave thee this liberty? A. No man gave it me: Liberty is the natural right of every human creature. He is born to the exercise of it as soon as he has attained to that of his reason; but that my liberty is preserved to me, when lost to a great part of mankind, is owing, under God, to the wisdom and valour of my ancestors, freeholders of this realm.
Q. Wherein does this liberty, which thou enjoyest, consist? A. In laws made by the consent of the people, and the due execution of those laws. I am free, not from the law, but by the law.
Q. Wilt thou stand fast in this liberty, whereunto thou art born and entitled by the laws of thy country? A. Yes, verily, by God's grace, I will; and I thank his good providence that I am born a member of a community governed by laws, and not by arbitrary power.
Q. What dost thou think incumbent upon thee to secure this blessing to thyself and posterity? A. As I am a freeholder, I think it incumbent upon me to believe aright concerning the fundamental articles of the government to which I am subject; to write, speak, and act on all occasions conformable to this orthodox faith; to oppose, with all the powers of my body and mind, such as are enemies of our good constitution, together with all their secret and open abettors, and to be obedient to the King, the supreme magistrate of the society.
Q. Rehearse unto me the articles of thy political creed. A. I believe that the supreme or legislative power of this realm resides in the King, Lords, and Commons; that his Majesty King George is sovereign, or supreme executor of the law; to whom, upon that account, all loyalty is due; that each of the three members of the legislature are endowed with their particular rights and offices; that the King, by his royal prerogative, has the power of determining and appointing the time and place of the meetings of Parliament; that the consent of the King, Lords, and Commons, is necessary to the being of a law, and all the three make but one lawgiver; that as to freedom or consent in making of laws, those three powers are independent; and that each and all the three are bound to observe the laws that are made.
Q. Why is the legislative power supreme? A. Because what gives law to all must be supreme.
Q. What meanest thou by loyalty to the King? A. I have heard that loy signifies law, and loyalty obedience according to law; therefore, he who pays his obedience is a loyal subject; and he who executes the King's commands, when contrary to law, is disloyal, and a traitor.
Q. Is it not in the law, that the King can do no wrong? A. It is; for since Kings do not act immediately by themselves, but mediately by their officers and inferior magistrates, the wisdom of the law provides sufficiently against any undue exercise of their power, by charging all illegal acts, and all kinds of mal administration, upon their ministers; and the great regard which is paid to the King, by this maxim, lays him under an indispensable obligation not to screen his ministers from public justice, or public inquiry.
Q. What dost thou mean by the royal prerogative? A. A discretionary power in the King to act for the good of the people, where the laws are silent; never contrary to law, and always subject to the limitations of the law.
Q. Is not then the King above the laws? A. By no means; for the intention of government being the security of the lives, liberties, and properties of the members of the community, they never can be supposed, by the law of nature, to give an arbitrary power over their persons and estates. King is a title, which, translated into several languages, signifies a magistrate with as many different degrees of power as there are kingdoms in the world; and he can have no power but what is given him by law; yea, even the supreme or legislative power is bound, by the rules of equity, to govern by laws enacted and published in due form; for what is not legal, is arbitrary.
Q. How comes it that those who endeavour to destroy the authority and independence of any of the branches of the legislature subvert the constitution? A. By the fundamental laws of the constitution, the free and impartial consent of each of the three members is necessary to the being of a law; therefore, if the consent of any of the three is wilfully omitted, or obtained by terror or corruption, the legislature is violated, and, instead of three, there may be really and effectually but one branch of the legislature.
From the PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE.
An account of the MANUFACTORY of SALTPETRE.
IT has long been an opinion amongst chymists and natural historians, that saltpetre is a natural production. It has been said to be found in large quantities on the surface of the earth in Persia, India, and China, where it is said to impart a coldness to the atmosphere; but some late inquiries give us reason to suspect that the whole of these accounts are without foundation: They were probably propagated by the natives of those countries, only to preserve in their hands the manufactory of so useful an article of trade. All the saltpetre which is imported from the East Indies is made by art. I would not be understood to mean that this salt is never found in a native state. It is sometimes found adhering to large rocks. It is likewise found in a native state under the arches of bridges, and in vaults or wine cellars, but in these places it is found in such small quantities, that we are seldom at the pains of collecting it. It is found in a larger quantity, in a native state, in several plants, but of this we shall say more hereafter.
The manufactory of saltpetre is now no longer confined to the East Indies, but is carried on with equal advantages in many parts of Europe, particularly Germany and France. I shall mention the several processes which are used for this purpose in each of those countries.
Cramer, a German chymist of considerable note, recommends the following method of making saltpetre, which (he says) is practiced with great success in many parts of Germany. He orders lime, rubbish of all kinds, garden mould and ashes, to be mixed together, and moistened from time to time with urine, care being taken to stir them frequently. They should all be put into a small house, with a window towards the north east. He does not direct (as some have supposed) to leave this house open towards the north east, because the nitrous particles are brought from that quarter, but because the winds from the north east in that country are generally accompanied with that temperature of the air, which is most agreeable to the formation of the nitre. In a month or two, this mass will be so much impregnated with nitre, that one pound of it will yield two ounces of the salt.
The King of Prussia was early sensible of the importance of a saltpetre manufactory in his dominions, and has, therefore, for this purpose, always obliged his farmers to build of common earth, mixed with a quantity of straw and dung. These substances corrupt in the space of a few years. The fences are then shaved, or wholly taken down, and afford a large quantity of saltpetre.
The sweepings of the streets of a single village in Hanover afford all the saltpetre that is used in the whole of that electorate. The Gentleman from whom I received this piece of information assured me, that the manufactory of the salt from the above materials was so simple, that it was carried on entirely by an illiterate old man and his wife. The greatest part of the saltpetre that comes from India is obtained nearly in the same manner. It is prepared entirely from the offals of the city of Patna.
Mr. La Roux, of the academy of Rouen, informed me, that the following receipt had been found to answer very well in many parts of France, for the manufactory of this salt. It is taken from Glauber, a German chymist. I shall deliver it in his own words.
"I will shew a way to such as have no inheritance left them by their parents, nor have any thing come to them by marriage, by what means they may, without labour or trouble, get a treasure for their children. "First of all, let such a one take care to have some lyes or hovels, made to join to that side of his dwelling, that lies in the middle betwixt the north and east part of Heaven, or some other more convenient place, as to admit the sun and air to it, but to keep off the rain. Under this pent-house or hovel let him dig a large pit, and, with the earth he digs out, let him make banks round the pit's mouth, so that it may keep the rain off on every side. This done, let him each day in every year, or whensoever he can conveniently, carry and throw into that pit these matters so long, till his necessity forceth him to dig all out again, and see how much treasure he has got, even whilst he slept. Now these matters are, all sharp and bitter herbs, growing in bye places amongst bushes, and in the way sides, and such as the beasts feed not on, as asula , cicutia , hemlock , henbane , fumitory , or the thick stalks of tobacco that are thrown away in those places where it is planted; the hard stalks of colwort, which the beasts eat not of, and likewise all those things that they have in their troughs; also fir tops or apples, if you have them at hand; also the leaves that fall from the trees in autumn are to be gathered; also pigeons' dung, hens' dung, birds and hens feathers; all the ashes that women generally make their lyes with, and other ashes that are not fit for that use, also such out of which the lixivium or lye is already extracted, the soot of chimnies, hogs hairs, the horns of oxen and cows, and the bones the dogs eat not of. All these matters may be thrown into his pit, and that he may the sooner fill it, he may gather as much as ever he can from all the bordering places, and throw it therein, so that in one or two years time he may with all those things fill up his pit. Mean while he must pour the urine gathered in his house, or that he may have enough, he must get as much as he can from his neighbours, so as to keep the things thrown into the pit in continual moisture, whereby they may the sooner purify. In want of urine, common water may be taken; if sea water, or
* The north east winds in North America are generally accompanied with moisture, which renders them improper for the formation of saltpetre. The house which contains our saltpetre materials should therefore, in this country, be exposed to the north west winds.
"other salt water can be had, it will be the better; also the brine of fish pickle, and the salting or salt water that flesh is macerated (or pickled) in, are of good use; also the blood of oxen, cows, calves, and sheep, which you may easily have at the butcher's. All these things putrifying together, do put on the nature and property of saltpetre.
"If now all these matters in your full pit shall have well putrifed, then cease from pouring on any more moisture, and all the things are to be left so long till they are dried. And then, if you need money, let a saltpetre maker be sought for, and bargain with him about the price of drawing off your saltpetre by water, of making it and selling it. This done, cast the remaining earth into a pit, together with the remaining lixivium that-shot not into nitre, and there leave it for a year or two, and moisten it with urine, or, if you have not this, with common water. This earth will again yield salt nitre, but not above half so much as at first."
But the greatest part of saltpetre that is consumed in France, is prepared in Paris, from the ruins of old stone bridges, pigeon houses, stables, and all such putrid masses of vegetable or animal matters as have been long covered. To these a quantity of lime is added, which is said to evolve the salt from the said ingredients.
Nitre, besides being obtained by the artificial processes we have described, may be obtained in a considerable quantity, in a native state, from certain plants. The tobacco is strongly impregnated with it. I have been told, that a hoghead of tobacco will yield more when manufactured in saltpetre, than it will any other way; and if the experiment published in a late number of the Pennsylvania Packet succeeds alike in all cases, I have little doubt of the fact. Those plants which contain saltpetre always sparkle when they are thrown into the fire. But there is another less equivocal method of knowing whether a plant contains any quantity of this salt. Bruise the plant well, and express the juice into an earthen pot, and place it in a cool cellar, first pouring a little sweet oil upon the surface of it, to prevent its becoming mouldy; if the plant contains any nitre, you will find it in the form of crystals on the sides of the vessel, in six weeks or two months.
The method of extracting the saltpetre is nearly the same, whatever ingredients we employ for making it. The ingredients are put into tubs, barrels, or hogheads, perforated at their bottoms. Rain, river, or very pure spring water is poured upon them, which gradually dissolves all the salt they contain, and conveys it drop by drop into vessels provided to receive it. The nitre in this state contains a large quantity of common salt. Before I explain in what manner this salt is to be separated from the nitre, it will be necessary to premise that bare evaporation, by boiling or otherwise, will crystallize common salt, but that cold and rest are necessary to crystallize nitre. The lie (if I may so call it) made from the materials which yield nitre, is put into a large vessel, and is gradually boiled away, till crystals of common salt begin to form in it. These are to be taken out with a large ladle as fast as they form, and thrown into a large cullender, which stands directly over the one in which the liquor is boiling; when no more crystals of common salt can be found in it, the liquor is taken off the fire, and emptied into a number of earthen and copper pans, in which it soon shoots into crystals of saltpetre. The salt has now undergone its first degree of purification. As a quantity of common salt still adheres to the crystals of nitre, it is necessary to dissolve them in pure water, and boil them in the manner we said before. A much less quantity of common salt is obtained now than formerly. The nitre, after its second crystallization, is used chiefly for the purposes of medicine, and curing provisions. But there is a third degree of purification necessary, before all the common salt can be completely separated from it. It is carried on in the same manner as the former ones were. The saltpetre is now in its highest state of purity, in which state only it is used for the manufactory of gunpowder. The liquor which will not crystallize may be used for making magnesia.
I cannot conclude this memoir without observing, that the climate and productions of the middle and northern colonies of America render them extremely proper for the manufactory of saltpetre. And the success which has attended several experiments in that way, give us reason to believe that it may be carried on in this country, with as great advantages as in France, Germany, or the East Indies. I shall pass over the immediate use, which necessity may, perhaps, call upon us to make of this article, and shall point out only to my countrymen the immense advantages we shall derive from the consumption and exportation of it, after the present dispute is settled, and the former harmony restored between Great Britain and the colonies.
A MANUFACTURER.
ede quid illum Esse putes? Quemvis Hominem secum attulit ad nos?
JUVENAL.
OH! William & Mary! dearest alma Mater! where shall I find Words to express my Gratulations on thy happy Acquisition of so ingenious and learned a Professor? An Attempt to display his profound Erudition and transcendent Merit must languish under those sacred Records, where his towering Fame is inroll'd by the Hands of the first of the Age. MONUMENTUM ÆRE PERENNIVS! Though this is unfortunately excluded from vulgar Eyes, yet methinks I see him faintly portray'd in the following Lines.
Grammaticus, Rhetor, Geometres, Pictor, Alipies, Augur, Schænobates, Medicus, Magus; OMNIA NOVIT. Oh! Juvenal! hadst thou lived in our Day, how would thy prolific Page have swell'd with additional Encomiums! such as Theologus, Philologus, Dialecticus, Juris PERITUS, Ambulator, Athletæ, Taurerum & Equorum Dometor. R. A.

AT half after one a message was received from his Majesty, delivered by the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, commanding their attendance in the House of Peers.
The House went up accordingly, and having returned in about ten minutes, Lord Guernsey rose, and in the usual form, in asserting the rights and privileges of the Commons of Great Britain, showed the necessity of choosing a Speaker. His Lordship then proceeded to expatiate largely on the tried integrity, abilities, and well known experience of Sir Fletcher Norton, their late Speaker, and concluded with moving, that he should be once more called to the Chair.
His Lordship was seconded by Lord Robert Spencer, who was no less warm in his commendations, and the question being put by the Clerk, as is customary on such occasions, it was carried nem. con. When the Clerk had declared the choice to have fallen on Sir Fletcher Norton, that Gentleman rose in his place, and delivered himself substantially thus:
"The two Noble Lords over the way have been extremely partial, to what they are pleased to term my talents and experience, though conscious of my inability to discharge so important and honourable a trust upon any pretensions, but a strict obedience to the orders of this House, that, as the only merit I have hitherto had the least claim to, will, I trust, enable me to discharge myself to your satisfaction in future. I well know the extreme difficulty and trouble of filling that Chair without such a disposition, and if that be sufficient, I hope to be honoured with a continuance of the same kind opinion and indulgence."
The Speaker having finished, the Lords Guernsey and Lord Robert Spencer rose, and attending him in his place, handed him to the first step of the Chair, where, before he sat down, he spoke to the following effect:
"I cannot pretend to say, whether the House may think as I do, on the present occasion. I nevertheless look upon it as a part of my duty to acquaint them with my sentiments. If his Majesty should think proper to approve of me, when I am presented, it will be a matter of course to pray for a confirmation of the ancient privileges of the Commons of Great Britain. Two of those privileges, it is well known, respect the property and the servants belonging to the Members of this House. These being taken away by a late act of Parliament, to ask for them as usual would be at least nugatory; to say they were given up, would, in my opinion, be equally improper. I would therefore, with the consent of the House, put the prayer in this general manner—such privileges, immunities, &c. as were not taken away, or abridged, by act of Parliament."
Wednesday the Speaker, attended by Lord Beauchamp, and several other members of the Privy Council, went in their carriages to St. James's, to present the following address of thanks to his Majesty, for his most gracious speech from the throne:
"Most gracious Sovereign, WE, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, of the Commons of Great Britain, in Parliament assembled, return your Majesty our humble thanks for your most gracious speech from the throne."
"Permit us to assure your Majesty, that we receive, with the highest sense of your Majesty's goodness, the early information which you have been pleased to give us of the state of the province of the Massachusetts Bay."
"We feel the most sincere concern a spirit of disobedience and resistance to the law should still unhappily prevail in that province, and that it has broke forth in fresh violence of a most criminal nature; and we cannot but lament that such proceedings should have been countenanced and encouraged in any other of your Majesty's colonies, and that any of your subjects should have been so far deluded and misled as to make rash and unwarrantable attempts to obstruct the commerce of your Majesty's kingdoms by unlawful combinations."
"We beg leave to present our most dutiful thanks to your Majesty for having taken such measures as your Majesty judged most proper and effectual, for carrying into execution the laws which were passed in the last session of the late Parliament, for the protection and security of the commerce of your Majesty's subjects, and for restoring and preserving peace, order, and good government, in the province of the Massachusetts Bay."
"Your faithful Commons, animated by your Majesty's gracious assurances, will use every means in their power to assist your Majesty in maintaining entire and inviolate the supreme authority of this legislature over all the dominions of your Crown; being truly sensible that we should betray the trust reposed in us, and be wanting in every duty which we owe to your Majesty, and to our fellow subjects, if we failed to give our most zealous support to those great constitutional principles which govern your Majesty's conduct in this important business, and which are so essential to the dignity, safety, and welfare, of the British empire."
"We learn, with great satisfaction, that a treaty of peace is concluded between Russia and the Porte, and that, by this happy event, the general tranquillity is rendered complete; and we entertain a well grounded hope that your Majesty's constant endeavours to prevent the breaking out of fresh disturbances will be attended with success, as your Majesty continues to receive the strongest assurances, from other powers, of their being equally disposed to preserve the peace."
"We assure your Majesty that we will, with the utmost cheerfulness, grant to your Majesty every necessary supply; and that we consider ourselves bound in gratitude, as well as duty, to give every proof of our most affectionate attachment to a Prince, who, during, the whole course of his reign, has made the happiness of his people the object of his views, and the rule of his actions."
His Majesty's most gracious Answer:
"Gentlemen, "I return you my particular thanks for this very loyal and dutiful address. I receive, with the highest satisfaction and approbation, your assurances of assistance and support, in maintaining the supreme authority of the legislature over all the dominions of my Crown. It shall be my care to justify, by my conduct, the confidence you so affectionately express; and to shew that I have no interests separate from those of my people."
Dec. 6. Yesterday in the House of Commons as soon as the standing orders of the House, as is customary at the beginning of every session of Parliament, were read and agreed to, the gallery doors, which had hitherto been kept shut, were opened by the Speaker's orders; but those who had waited for upwards of two hours, with great impatience, suddenly rushing in, created a noise and confusion, which gave great offence to the House.
The Speaker at length desired the deputy serjeant to clear the gallery of all strangers whatever; but before his commands could be executed, a member rose in his place, and moved, that the House should be cleared. Mr. Burke observed that no one had been made freer with in the public prints than himself, but that as the noise had now subsided, he thought the gallery might be permitted to remain as it was. However, the standing order was adhered to, and the gallery was accordingly cleared; though in a short time after a few Irish members were let in.
At about a quarter past four o'clock in the afternoon, Lord Beauchamp, in a short, but sensible speech, moved for an humble address to his Majesty's most gracious speech on Wednesday last. He was seconded in his motion by the Hon. Mr. De Grey, who likewise spoke in a very able manner. Lord John Cavendish got up next, and in spirited speech (setting forth the impropriety of addressing till they were better informed from papers and accounts which should first be laid before the House) proposed an amendment to the motion.
He was seconded by Mr. Montague. This brought up Lord North, who touched slightly upon American affairs; said it was not the time to enter fully into the matter, and hoped the Hon. member would withdraw his motion; this brought on a general debate; Governor Johnstone, the Hon. Charles Fox, Col. Barre, Mr. Burke, and many of the principal speakers, on behalf of administration were called up. The debates continued till a quarter past ten last night; when the House divided; the numbers were, against the amendment 264, for it 73.
Dec. 8. The following is a circumstantial account of the proceedings on Monday last December 5.
Upon the order of the day being read in the House of Commons on Monday last, for taking into consideration his Majesty's most gracious speech, Lord Beauchamp rose and moved for an address to his Majesty, to return his Majesty the thanks of this House for his Majesty's most gracious speech from the throne. Besides the usual form of addressing; his Lordship introduced several pertinent observations on the present spirit of the colonists, their resolves, meetings, and in particular their intended non-importation agreement. His speech was in general well received and much approved of.
His Lordship was seconded by Mr. De Grey, jun. Lord John Cavendish now rose, and having previously condemned the conduct of administration, and the turbulent spirit of the colonies, moved an amendment, in calling for such papers relative to America, as had been received since the last session, without which, his Lordship remarked, it would be impossible for the House to determine with propriety or certainty, whether it might or might not be necessary to adopt other measures.
Lord North answered Lord John Cavendish in a short speech, and said he should give himself or the House very little trouble, as he imagined when he came in that there was not a member present who would not perceive the necessity for acting in the manner proposed by the speech. His Lordship owned himself to be the fabricator of it, and said that it was drawn up shortly purely to avoid all cavil, and to promote an unanimity of opinion at this important crisis.
He was answered by Mr. F. Montagu, who in general disapproved of the address, and who seconded the motion for the amendment very strenuously.
Governor Johnstone spoke very fully on the same side, and was heard with a good deal of attention. He contended very ably that America was not worth keeping on the terms and principles contained in the address.
He was followed by Mr. Fox, who was very pointed in his observations on the manner the gallery was cleared. He said it was a mere ministerial trick to stifle inquiry, and shorten debate; for if the gallery had been open, administration must have been obliged to break that silence and unconcern they now affected to hold. It was extremely unfair, he said, that persons should be shut out from being present at the discussion of a question, in the event of which they were so highly interested; and concluded by a succession of very pointed and severe animadversions.
Mr. Hartley (a new member) spoke next, and entered pretty fully into the contents of the speech and address, and urged strongly the necessity of Lord John Cavendish's proposed amendment.
Col. Barre was very able on the same side. He was of the same opinion with Governor Johnstone. He said the scheme of reducing the colonies by force was wild, incoherent, and impracticable; and though it were not, that a dominion supported by force would answer no end whatever. He said, a report prevailed that General Gage was shortly to be recalled, but that would signify nothing; for, send whom you may, send a second, recall him, and send a third, says he, it will be all to no effectual or substantial purpose.
Sir George Macartney answered the Colonel, and spoke with great facility and tolerable precision. He was against the amendment, and in general for spirited measures.
Lord Carmarthen entered fully into the contents of the proposed amendment, and dwelt much on the spirit of sedition, turbulence, and rebellion, which had manifested itself from one end to the other of the American continent.
Sir William Mayne declared himself unconnected with either side of the house; said, his mind was unbiased, and his conduct should be unfettered: that on the present occasion he was against the amendment, but reserved his opinion till the question, and the information necessary to discuss and determine on it, came properly before the house. He was heard with great attention and general approbation.
General Smith was of the same opinion, observing, that the present was no proper time to take so great and important a question into consideration; and that his being now against the amendment, would not hereafter preclude him from giving his thoughts freely when the matter came before the House in another form.
Mr. T. Townshend was for the amendment, and was very severe on the general conduct of administration.
Mr. Burke was rather witty than solid, ingenious than convincing. He put the House into great good humour, but seemed willing to avoid the real merits. He was for the amendment.
Mr. Van was fiery, as usual, and spoke strongly for the most firm and decisive measures.
Mr. Solicitor General spoke very fully and ably, and endeavoured to answer every thing that had been offered on the other side. Besides the above, Mr. Drake, and one or two other Gentlemen spoke in the debate.
The question being put at about half after ten, the house divided. For the amendment 73, against it 264; and the question for the address being then put, it passed of course in the affirmative.
Dec. 9. Monday the House of Commons appointed a committee of privileges to meet on Friday next, the 16th instant, at 7 in the evening, in the Speaker's chamber, and to sit every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, in the afternoon to take into consideration all such matters as shall come in question, touching privileges, and to report their proceedings, with their opinion thereupon, to the House, from time to time; after which the House came to the following resolutions:
 1. That no Peer of this realm hath any right to give his vote in the election of any member to serve in Parliament.  2. That where this House shall judge any petition, touching elections, to be frivolous and vexatious, the House will order satisfaction to be made to the person petitioned against.  3. That if it shall appear that any person hath procured himself to be elected or returned a member of this House, or endeavoured so to be, by bribery, or any other corrupt practices, this House will proceed with the utmost severity against such person.  4. That if it shall appear that any person hath been tampering with any witness, in respect of his evidence to be given to this House, or any committee thereof, or directly or indirectly hath endeavoured to deter or hinder any person from appearing, or giving evidence, the same is declared to be a high crime and misdemeanor, and this House will proceed with the utmost severity against such offender.  5. That if it shall appear that any person hath given false evidence, in any case, before this House, or any committee thereof, this House will proceed with the utmost severity against such offender.  6. That it is a high infringement of the liberties and privileges of the Commons of Great Britain, for any Lord of Parliament, or any Lord Lieutenant of any county, to concern themselves in the elections of members to serve for the Commons in Parliament.  7. That in all cases of controverted elections for counties in England and Wales, the petitioners do, by themselves, or by their agents, within a convenient time, to be appointed by the House, deliver to the sitting members, or their agents, lists of the persons intended by the petitioners so objected to, who voted for the sitting members; giving, in the said lists, the several heads of objection, 
and distinguishing the same against the names of the voters excepted to; and that the sitting members do, by themselves, or by their agents, within the said time, deliver the like lists, on their parts, to the petitioners or their agents.
Dec. 10. There is not the least foundation for the report of General Gage's being ordered from Boston till he has accomplished his designs.
Mr. E. Burke, in his speech on Monday last, on the amendment of the address, though he was not logically argumentative, was very humourously and pointedly so. Amongst other humorous reflections which he made on Administration's buoying up the new members, by telling them the address was nothing but a vote of compliment, he compared such a conduct to a designing, dissipated lover, who, under the shew of the most honourable solicitations, first squeezes his mistress's hand, then asks her to take a turn in the park, next to an excursion in the country, and so on, step by step, till he dishonours her, and brings her in the end to that infamy and disgrace, that what was originally her misfortune, becomes her shame and disgrace.
Mr. Burke, in the same speech, mentioning the present situation of America, drew a fine allegorical picture of that country, which he compared to a funeral. Trade and commerce, he said, were the pall bearers; the principal merchants and traders were chief mourners; the West Indian and African merchants closed the procession; whilst the army and navy, at a distance, looked on in gloomy silence at so melancholy a sight.
They write from Cadiz, that an engagement has happened in the Gut of Gibraltar between three Spanish frigates and five Moorish cruizers, wherein two of the latter were sunk, and the other three, after losing the greatest part of their crews, were obliged to submit to the Spaniards.
Yesterday morning a bill of indictment was presented to the Grand Jury for the county of Middlesex, at Hicks's hall, against the Dutchess of Kingston for felony, in marrying the late Duke of Kingston, at the time she was actually the wife of the Hon. Augustus Hervey, when the Jury found the bill to be a true bill; in consequence of which the mult appear to take her trial at the Old Bailey as a felon, or an outlawry will issue against her.
An ingenious barber, at present living in Norwich, as a method to enforce the fashion of wearing wigs, and consequently draw benefit to himself, lately put up a large well painted sign, the story of which is, Absalom fashened by the hair of his head to a tree, and Joab plunged his javelin into his bosom; at a distance, King David is seen lamenting his loss, and exclaiming, Oh! Absalom, my son, my son!
Had'st thou but worn a peruke, thou had'st not been undene. The Falkland scoop of war, which was lately destined for Africa, is ordered to be got in readiness to carry the resolutions of Parliament for Boston.
Dec. 13. A number of transports are sailed for Ireland, to receive on board the 22d, 49th, 55th, and 63d regiments. Major General Howe, and Sir William Draper, are going out as Brigadiers on the Staff.
The Ministers, it is said, are much offended with General Gage. They certainly have great reason; for he has most grievously disappointed them. They had great hopes of throwing the blame upon him; but he, acting upon the defensive, has thrown it upon them.
We hear that a late protest has given more uneasiness to a Great Person than the whole of the city addresses put together. The latter he only bore his part in, as they remonstrated against government in general; this he feels personally.
In the absence of Lord Percy, from Boston, Brigadier Pigot will be second in command.
Lord Pitt (the Earl of Chatham's son) has joined his regiment in America.
NEW YORK, February 2.
LAST Thursday a motion was made in the Honourable House of Assembly, to take into consideration the proceedings of the Continental Congress, which occasioned the following previous question to be first put, "whether the question upon the motion should be then put, upon which debates arise; and the said previous question being accordingly put, it was carried in the negative."
Last Monday the Honourable House of Assembly unanimously agreed to a motion, to state the complaints of the colony, and ordered a petition to his Majesty, a memorial to the House of Peers, and a representation and remonstrance to the House of Commons, to be forwarded to England.
NEWPORT (Rhode Island) January 30.
AT the muster of the militia in the town of Coventry, in this colony, a few days past, there appeared four hundred men under arms.
Last Monday the militia of Little Compton mustered, and went through the manual exercise; &c. there were near 200 men including officers.
"On Tuesday last, by order of Gen. Gage, a party of 140 soldiers were embarked from Boston, for Marshfield, in the county of Plymouth, it is said, in consequence of a petition preferred to the General, by some of the friends to government, for the protection of their property in that quarter; It is likewise confidently asserted, that there is an association of 164 persons, on the side of government, at and about the same place, who have enlisted their names in another petition to the General, for arms and ammunition, which were immediately furnished by the same vessel that carried the soldiers."
Perhaps 164 infamous traitors to their country, and 140 hirelings; at 6d. per day, will be able to conquer the three counties of Plymouth, Barnstable, and Bristol, and then march into the colony of Rhode Island, and join the little Tory faction in Newport!
WILLIAMSBURG, February 18.
ON Tuesday last a very respectable number of the freeholders of Prince George county met at the courthouse, and elected, unanimously, RICHARD BLAND and PETER POYTHRESS, Esquires, their delegates to represent them in the convention, to be held at Richmond, in Henrico county, upon the 20th of March next.
The freeholders of James City county have made choice of ROBERT CARTER NICHOLAS and WILLIAM NORVEL, Esquires, to represent them in the above convention.
Last Saturday the Right Hon. the Earl of Dunmore was pleased to appoint the Rev. THOMAS GWATKIN, Professor of Humanity in William and Mary college, one of his Lordship's chaplains.
At a meeting of the Visitors of William and Mary college, on Thursday last, ROBERT BEVERLEY, Esq; of Essex, was elected one of the Governors, in the room of the Hon. John Page, Esq; deceased.
Extract of a Letter from PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 6, 1775. "By the packet which arrived at New York from Falmouth the 1st instant, I have received a letter which mentions that five men of war and four regiments are coming out to Boston, besides one man of war which was to sail about the time that the packet left England, with government dispatches."
The whole proceedings of the Continental Congress arrived in London on the 14th of December.
On the 25th ult. the Delegates for the Colony of New Jersey, in the late Continental Congress, reported to their House of Assembly the proceedings of the said Congress, which being read, were unanimously approved of.
The Betty, Rofs, and Nancy, Wils, from London, are arrived at Norfolk.
Sailed, since our last, Ship Elizabeth, James Barron, for London; Schooner Three Brothers, Ichabad Groves, and Seaflower, Joseph Cook, Salem; Ship Neptune, Hugh Morris, Glasgow.

Married,—Mr. WILLIAM ALLEN, of New Kent, to Miss SUKEY SCOTT, of James City.
* * * We are obliged to defer the proceedings of the Norfolk committee, and sundry advertisements, till our next, for want of room.
THE Real Affociator declines trespassing on the Patience of the Public by a full Reply to Mr. Henley's last scurrilous Letter. He hath only to ask the Favour of such Readers, as may be desirous of forming a proper Judgment of his Candour and Politeness to compare it with the Letter to which it is offered as an Answer. They will easily discover, from the many Suppositions, Misrecitals, and unfaithful Quotations how far the Gentleman is to be trusted in what he writes; they may also be fully instructed in the noble Science of Quibbling. One Specimen is particularly striking. In a vapouring Note he says, "you talk of my Recantations;" nothing like this was said; indeed the Gentleman was not suspected of a Disposition to recant. The Real Affociator spoke of a certain Recantation of the Gentleman's own inditing; from the Strength of his Memory, he could scarcely have wanted Recollection that this alluded to a certain Recantation of Mr. Kidd, which the Gentleman formerly published and plumed himself upon not a little; this was of his own dictating and was written under the Influence of his Threats, as may be proved by an original Letter of Mr. Kidd's written about the Time. His strictures on Lord Coke's Maxim are exceedingly ingenious and prove that the Words many Times signify but seldom.
Had Decency permitted, the Gentleman would long since have been personally applied to both as the Author and Publisher of the Libel and perhaps in such a gentlemanly Manner as he would hardly have approved. The Real Affociator is so far from relinquishing his Charge of Authorship, that, as he thought at first, he is still of Opinion, that Mr. H., if he was not the sole Author, was principally concerned either in dictating or writing the Queries.
The heavy and reiterated Accusation against the Real Affociator, as being actuated by Principles of Persecution or Oppression, he holds in the utmost Contempt and appeals to the whole Circle of his Acquaintance, as to the Justice of it. If the Gentleman's Lamentations were designed to be still hung over this happy Parish, the Real Affociator by no Means recants any Share he might have had in keeping him out of it, but congratulates, with the utmost Cordiality, his Fellow-Parishioners on so fortunate an Event.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
FEBRUARY 11, 1775. IN Pursuance to an Order of the Committee for Elizabeth City, we have sold sundry GOODS, imported by Mr. George Graham, amounting to £. 64 : 14 : 6 3/4 Sterling. After paying the first Cost, and all Charges, there remains a Balance of £. 1 : 9 : 5 Currency in our Hands, which is to be applied agreeable to the tenth Article of the Continental Association. HENRY KING. GEORGE WRAY. MILES KING.
At a Meeting of the Committee of JAMES CITY County, on MONDAY the 13th of FEBRUARY, 1775, it was resolved,
THAT, as an Encouragement for making Cotton and Wool Cards, a Premium of forty Pounds Sterling be offered, and paid by the Chairman, to any Person who shall first settle in this Colony, and who shall, within eighteen Months from the Date hereof, make in this Colony, or cause to be made therein, under his Direction, five Hundred Pair of good Cotton, and five Hundred Pair of good Wool Cards, to be delivered to the Chairman for the Use of the Inhabitants of this County; and the Committee oblige themselves to pay for the same at the Rate of 75 per Cent. Advance on what such Cards have usually been imported at from Great Britain, within twelve Months past, over and above the said Premium. The Quality and Price to be judged of, and settled by reputable Merchants in the Neighbourhood.
By Order of the Committee, BENJAMIN CARTER WALLER, Clk.
A CASE marked M. D. in a Diamond, imported in the Elizabeth, Capt. Leitch, containing a Lady's HUNTING SADDLE, with a Velvet Houfing and Saddle Cloth, other genteel Furniture, a Bridle, &c. not being come to Hand, the Owner will be much obliged to any Gentleman who informs the Printers where the said Case is to be found. 2
CHARLOTTE, Feb. 1, 1775.
SOME Time past I executed a Bond to Charles Adams, as Guardian to Henry Atwood, for £. 112 : 10, payable the 25th of December next, it being Part of the Consideration Money for a Tract of Land devised to the said Henry Atwood by his late Father, James Atwood. And whereas, by the said Contract, the said Adams, and Henry Atwood, were to have conveyed me, in Fee Simple, the said Tract of Land, which they have not complied with, I do therefore forewarn any Person or Persons from taking an Assignment of said Bond, as I will not pay it until I have a proper Title to the said Land. JOEL JACKSON.
TO BE SOLD,
On MONDAY the 6th of MARCH, if fair, otherwise next fair Day, at the late Dwelling-House of Mr. JOHN SHERMER, deceased, in JAMES CITY County, agreeable to his Will,
A VALUABLE TRACT of LAND in the said County, containing 1114 Acres, whereon are a very good Dwelling, and all other convenient Houses, a good Orchard of Hughes's Crab Apples, together with upwards of FIFTY VALUABLE SLAVES, among which are several fine HOUSE SERVANTS, and two CARPENTERS; likewise all the STOCK of CATTLE, with three Yoke of OXEN, HOGS, SHEEP, and several fine HORSES, a CHARIOT, almost new, with HARNESS for four Horses, a RIDING CHAIR, all the HOUSEHOLD and KITCHEN FURNITURE, among which are many valuable BEDS, CHAIRS, TABLES, DESKS, and BOOK CASES, with Glass Doors, and some valuable PLATE, a GOLD and SILVER WATCH, and a Number of other Things too tedious to mention. And on Wednesday the 15th of March, if fair, otherwise next fair Day, will be exposed to Sale, all his LAND in King William County, one Tract containing upwards of 1000 Acres, lying about six Miles from Page's, and near the Rev. Mr. White's; the other Tract lying near the Piping Tree, containing 496 Acres, known by the Name of Broad Neck; as also upwards of SEVENTY VALUABLE SLAVES, consisting of MEN, WOMEN, BOYS, and GIRLS. The CORN, FODDER, and PLANTATION UTENSILS, will be sold, together with the STOCK of CATTLE, SHEEP, HOGS, and HORSES. The Sale will be at the Plantation, near Page's, where Mr. William Gary is Overseer, and to continue till all are sold. Credit will be allowed the Purchasers till the first Day of May 1776, on giving Bond and approved Security to the THE EXECUTORS.
N. B. Any Person inclining to purchase the Land, by applying to the Overseers on the Plantations, will be shown the same.
COMMITTED to New Kent Gaol, the 4th Instant (February) an African Slave, who says his Name is TOM, but cannot, or will not, declare the Name of his Owner. He is a well set Fellow, about 5 Feet 6 Inches high, and had on a Negro Cotton Jacket, an Osnaburg Shirt, a Pair of Leather Breeches, Shoes, but no Stockings, and a blue Cap on his Head. He has a large Scar on the Back of his Neck, and one on his Wrist, which he got in his Country. The Owner is desired to take him away, and pay Charges to ROBERT C. WARREN.
For Sale, on long Credit,
TRACT of LAND contiguous to Cabin Point, known by the Name of Huntington, containing 6000 Acres of well timbered Land, which runs a never-failing Stream, whereon stands a Saw and Grist Mill, not more than two Years erected. There is likewise, on the said Land, a Dwelling-House 40 by 18, 12 Feet Pitch, with three good Rooms below, and two above, neatly finished off; also a Kitchen, Dairy, a new Granary 40 by 24, a Brick Stable 38 by 24, both two Stories high, and about 600 Apple Trees in one Orchard. The Terms may be known by applying to Col. Herbert Claiborne of King William, Nathaniel Harrison, Esq; of Prince George, Capt. James Belfcher at Cabin Point, Walter Peter, Esq; at Hood's, or the Subscriber, on the Premises. The Land will be divided into Lots, so as to suit the Purchasers. CHARLES HARRISON.
FREDERICK County (Maryland) Feb. 3, 1775.
WENT away from the Subscriber, a few Days ago, a Servant Man named BRYON DRUM, a Native of Ireland, about 5 Feet 6 or 7 Inches high, well set, of a ruddy Complexion, and has a remarkable Scar on his left Cheek, from the Corner of his Mouth to his Ear. He had on, and took with him, a Broadcloth Coat and Jacket of a reddish Mixture, an Irish Linen Shirt, two Osnaburg Do. A Pair of Osnaburg Trousers, an old brown Coat, a Pair of black Breeches much patched, an old Castor Hat, and old Shoes and Stockings. He is fond of spirituous Liquor, and it is probable (being without Money) that he will dispose of his Clothes to get it. Whoever takes up the said Servant, and secures him so that I get him again, shall be handsomely rewarded; and if brought home, SIX POUNDS, paid by PHILIP CASSAY.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in Chesterfield, on Wednesday the 24th of January, a tall slim Negro Fellow named ROBIN, who is a very good Blacksmith, and was dressed, when he went away, as Negroes commonly are; he stoops much when he walks, and is the Property of Mr. John Fox of Gloucester County. Whoever brings him to me, or to the said Mr. Fox, shall have FIVE DOLLARS Reward. THOMAS BRANCH.
RUN away from the Subscriber, at Boston's Tract, in Augusta, a Convict Servant Man named THOMAS HORBERT, about 30 Years of Age, 4 Feet 7 or 8 Inches high, of a sandy Complexion; had on, when he went away, an old brown Cotton Coat, Leather Breeches, white Cotton Leggings, and a brown Linen Shirt. He is a Silvermith, and it is supposed will make for some Town, and endeavour to get Employment. Whoever secures the said Servant, so that I may get him again, shall have 40s. Reward. WILLIAM ALEXANDER.
RUN away from the Subscriber, near Westham, in Henrico, about the first of December last, a Negro Fellow named BOB, about 30 Years of Age, 5 Feet 8 or 9 Inches high, outlandish, talks not very plain, if sharply spoke to, seems much terrified, and one of his Eye-Teeth, or near it, is out. He had on common Cotton Clothes. Whoever brings him to me, or secures him in any Gaol in this Colony, so that I get him again, shall have 40s. Reward, besides what the Law allows. LEWIS BALL.
* * * I forewarn all Masters of Vessels employing him, or carrying him out of the Country, as I am apprehensive he will endeavour to get on Board a Vessel.
TO BE SOLD,
At HANOVER Town, on FRIDAY the 3d of MARCH,
Two FLATS, WITH THEIR APPURTENANCES. ALSO, Six NEGRO FELLOWS, Who have been used to go by Water.
Credit will be allowed till the 25th of August next, on giving Bond, with approved Security, to the Subscribers; the Bonds to carry Interest from the Date if not discharged punctually. THOMAS SIMPSON. ARCHIBALD GOVAN.
TO BE SOLD,
On the Premises, to the highest Bidder, for ready Money, or Tobacco, on FRIDAY the 10th of MARCH, by Virtue of a Deed of Trust from JOHN BROOKS to DINWIDDIE, CRAUFURD, and Company, and HENRY DELONY,
ATTRACT of LAND, fit for Tobacco, in Lunenburg County, containing, by Estimation, 200 Acres; and one Acre of land on Meherrin River, in Mecklenburg County, on which there is a very good Grist Mill. MECKLENBURG, Feb. 3, 1775.
By Order of ELIZABETH CITY County Committee, will be sold, on FRIDAY the 24th Instant (FEBRUARY) in HAMPTON, for ready current Money, in small Parcels,
SUNDRY GOODS, the Property of Robson and Meredith, of North Carolina, Gentlemen, and by their Order directed to be sold by said Committee, agreeable to the 10th Article of the Continental Congress. The said Goods consist of a large Seine, Men and Womens Saddles, Silk, Thread, Tape, Lawn, Pewter, Muslin, Barcelona Handkerchiefs, &c.
RUN away, about the last of January, a Negro Man named CHARLES, about 38 Years old, 5 Feet 6 Inches high, well set, his Teeth are blacker than common, and very short before. He had on, when he went away, a gray Kersey Jacket and Breeches, white Negro Cotton Boots, and also carried with him a new pale blue Coat. He formerly belonged to Mr. Thomas Cole, but I purchased him of his Cousin, one Mr. John Brown, who lives about 12 Miles from Williamsburg, and it is supposed he will make that Way. He once ran away from his former Master, and was some Time lurking about upon Back River, where it is also probable he may be at this Time. The said Negro plays exceedingly well on the Banjer, and generally carries one with him. I hereby forewarn all Masters of Vessels from harbouring or carrying him out of the Country, and offer a Reward of 30s. to any Person who secures him so that I get him, or 50s. if brought to me, near Suffolk Town. JOHN GILES.
FEBRUARY 11, 1775.
RUN away from the Subscriber, the 24th of January last, a Negro Fellow named CHARLES, about 19 Years old, 5 Feet 5 or 6 Inches high, very black, had Clothes of Cotton, such as Negroes usually wear, two Osnaburg Shirts, and a Felt Hat. I bought him, about 10 Days before he ran away, at a Sale of Mr. Ravenscroft's, sold by Mr. Bolling Starke, near Petersburg. He was raised on Blackwater Quarter, of Ravensburg, and has been hired out for several Years past. I have Reason to believe he will endeavour to go to Blackwater, in Prince George, or to Mr. Edward Pegram's in Dinwiddie, where he has a Brother, or is harboured about Petersburg and Blandford. Whoever will take up the said Negro, and secures him, so that I get him, shall have 40s. Reward, and 3l. for delivering him to me, near Stuart's Shop, in Brunswick. (tf) LAWRENCE HOWSE.
NEW TOWN, King & Queen County, Jan. 31.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in December last, JOHN DANCER, a Mulatto Servant Man, about 25 Years of Age, well made, and wears his Hair; he had on, when he went away, a blue Duffel Jacket, an Osnaburg Shirt, and a Pair of Buckskin Breeches. He writes intelligibly, and it is suspected will make use of that Qualification to pass for a Freeman. Whoever apprehends the said John Dancer, and delivers him to me, or secures him in Gaol, so that I get him again, shall have 40s. Reward, and reasonable Expenses allowed. JOHN HIPKINS.
CABIN POINT, Feb. 10, 1775.
STOLEN out of the Subscriber's Pasture, on Tuesday the 30th of last Month, a bright BAY MARE, four Years old last Spring, 4 Feet 9 or 10 Inches high, with a hanging Mane and Switch Tail, one hind Foot white, trots very hard, is inclined to be dull, but works well, either in a Cart or Plough. A Reward of 20s. is offered for the said Mare, and 5l. on Conviction of the Thief. CHARLES HARRISON.
THE Subscriber purchased, the 4th of this Instant, a Mulatto Woman named MOLLY, and her Son WILLIAM, of Hiram Lankford, and had them in Possession until Saturday last, when the same Lankford, with two other Persons, came to his House during his Absence, and took from thence the Boy, and still detain him: I hereby give the Public Notice that I look on the above Slaves as my Property, and that I have lodged an Information with his Majesty's Attorney General, against the afore-mentioned Lankford and his Companions for their Misdemeanours. Mount Prodigal, ) Jan. 22, 1775. ) (2) JOHN HUBARD.
TAKEN up, in Chesterfield, a dark red OX, with a white Belly, the End of his Tail and Dewlap white, a Star in his Forehead, in the Middle of which is a red Spot, an Underkeel in his right Ear, and the Ends of his Horns are cut off. BLACKMAN WARD.
TO BE SOLD,
For ready Money, to the highest Bidder, on the Premises, on the 6th day of MARCH next, if fair, otherwise next fair Day, by the Executors of Capt. NEWTON KEENE, deceased, agreeable to his last Will,
A VERY valuable Tract of LAND lying in the County of Fairfax, adjoining the Dwelling Plantation of Col. John West, containing upwards of 250 Acres, being an undivided Moiety of a Patent for 500 Acres, which has been described in a former and late Advertisement, in this Gazette, for the Sale thereof, on the 16th Day of December last. A Deed will be executed for the same to the Purchaser, by the Executors, and the Heir at Law of the said Newton Keene, on the Day of Sale; but as a Part of the said Land is now under a Crop of Wheat, well enclosed, the Purchaser must pay 5s. a Bushel for the Wheat sown thereon, and the Expense of putting the same in the Ground, and may have immediate Possession delivered by RICHARD LEE, } Executors. DAVID BOYD, }
WHEREAS we, the Subscribers, have laid out a Town on James River, below the great Mountains, in Amherst County, Virginia, and near the upper End of Navigation with small Craft in said River, in a very healthy convenient Place for Trade and Tradesmen, where good Wheat may yearly be bought at 2s. 6d. a Bushel, and Indian Corn from 1s. 6d. to 2s. a Bushel, and other Grain on very reasonable Terms, also good fat Beef from 1 1/2d. to 2d. a Pound, and fat Hogs from 2d. to 3d. a Pound; and being determined to do every Thing in our Power to promote the said Town, and encourage all Inhabitants: We hereby give public Notice thereof, and likewise that we rent Lots in said Town (called BETHHEL) for Lives, or any Term of Years, 5s. per Year the first seven Years, 10s. per Year the next seven Years, and 15s. per Year the next seven Years; also will rent several Acres of Land convenient thereto, at 2s. 6d. an Acre yearly Rent, and give the first Settlers some Timber for building. The Trades most wanting in the said Town, at this Time, are, a good Blacksmith, a Tailor, a Shoemaker, a Weaver, a Cutler, a Cabinet-Maker, a Wheelwright, and Persons that understand Mines, there being great and many Signs of Tin, Lead, and Copper; and as the Lands thereabouts are very fertile and kind for Flax, Hemp, or any Sort of Grain, we are desirous of establishing a Linen Factory, a Rope-Walk, and a Brewhouse; so that all Persons well skilled in said Trades, and who settle in said Town, may expect all reasonable encouragement from NICHOLAS DAVIES. HENRY LANGDON DAVIES.
TO BE SOLD
To the highest Bidder, on THURSDAY the 16th of MARCH next, at HALIFAX Courthouse, being Court Day, by Virtue of a Deed of Trust from THOMAS HARDWICK to ROBERT CUNINGHAM,
ATTRACT of LAND in said County, containing 300 Acres, lying about two Miles above Bond's Ferry. There is on the Land a good Peach and Apple Orchard, a small Plantation, and a Log Dwelling-House. Also, on Tuesday the 7th of the said Month, on the Premises, will be sold, a Tract of LAND lying in Charlotte County, containing 100 Acres, about a Mile from Col. Thomas Boulton's, and four Miles from Charlotte Courthouse, conveniently situated on the public Road. The Land is very good, and has on it some valuable Improvements. Twelve Months Credit will be allowed, on giving Bond and approved Security to CHRISTOPHER M'CONICO.
TO BE LET
For one or two Years, on very reasonable Terms, THE valuable Ordinary, Storehouse, and Ferry, at Boyd's Hole, belonging to the Estate of John Bland of London. The Terms may be known by applying to the Subscriber, who lives near the Premises. (4) ANDREW GRANT. STAFFORD, Feb. 1, 1775.

POETS CORNER.
The following lines were written by a Gentleman to his Lady, who had pressed him to exert his poetical talents in her favour.
WHY, dearest Nancy, wilt thou tease? Why thus oblige your love to write? Can verses from a husband please? Can you admire what I indite? You answer yes; then read the truth, Expect no flattery from a friend; What, though you're in the bloom of youth, Your beauty I will not commend. 'Twas not those charms, which all admire, That pleas'd my eye, or caus'd my faint; Those are what commonly inspire, I found my Nancy had a heart. A heart that felt another's woe, Which few among your sex possess; That bid the virtuous tear to flow, 'Twas all you had to give distress. And rich the gift, from those bright eyes, That smile divine on them they love; Like virtue, clear of all disguise, 'Tis known whene'er they disapprove. Above all vanity or pride, Your noble soul superior rose, Content with virtue for your guide, To charm your friends, and awe your foes. Such worth intrinsic fix'd my heart, These mental charms pure love inspired; 'Twas then I wish'd to share a part Of what, with rapture, I admired. Kindly you listen'd to my pray'r, And granted what no sordid pelf Cou'd purchase; so, to end my care, Bless'd for ever with yourself.
WILLIAMSBURG, January 20, 1775.
THE several Counties and Corporations in this Colony are requested to elect Delegates to represent them in Convention, who are desired to meet at the Town of RICHMOND, in the County of HENRICO, on Monday the 20th of March next.
PEYTON RANDOLPH, MODERATOR.
NORTHUMBERLAND, Jan. 25, 1775.
THE Subscriber intending to leave the Colony in the Spring, requests the Favour of those indebted to Robert Gilmour and Co. whether for Dealings with Barbary Davis, deceased, or himself, to settle their Accounts as soon as possible, by Bond, or otherwise, that no dispute may arise in his Absence.---Those who have Demands against him, on his private Account, or for the Company, are desired to make them known, that they may be adjusted and paid. On his leaving the Country, the Debts will be in the Hands of Mr. John Croffe, to collect, who will carry on Business here on Account of Messrs. Bogles, Somervell, and Company.
ROBERT GILMOUR.
TO BE SOLD,
At CHARLES CITY Courthouse, for ready Money, on the first WEDNESDAY in MARCH,
FIFTY Acres of LAND, within about five Miles of the said Courthouse, formerly the Property of David Blanks, whereon James Binge lived last Year.
(2) SAMUEL MITCHELL. JACOB MITCHELL.
A Journeyman Stocking-Maker, WHO UNDERSTANDS THE BUSINESS,
Will meet with good ENCOURAGEMENT
BY APPLYING TO ME, IN WILLIAMSBURG, ADAM ALLAN.
WESTBURY (Charles City) Jan. 25, 1775.
RAN away from the Subscriber, the 25th Instant, a dark Mulatto Fellow named CHARLES, about 22 Years of Age, 5 Feet 7 Inches high, well set, a remarkable lively, active Fellow, and has a large Scar on the Side of his Neck, which appears as if burnt. He had on, when he went off, a Bath Coating Coat and Waistcoat, a Pair of dark Cloth Breeches, Yarn Stockings, and white Dowlas Shirt, but has a Variety of Clothes with him. Whoever brings him to me shall have forty Shillings Reward, or twenty Shillings for securing him in any Gaol, so that I may get him again. He is so very artful, it is more than probable he will escape from any one who is not extremely careful. All Captains of Ships, or Masters of Vessels, are hereby forewarned from carrying him out of the Country, or employing him. tf JAMES B. JOHNSON.
RICHMOND TOWN, Jan. 30, 1775.
RAN away from the Subscriber, at Norfolk, on the 25th of December last, a likely brisk Negro Boy named JIM, or JEMMY, about 14 Years of Age, dressed in a Suit of coarse green Cloth, with large white Metal Buttons, a Leather Cap, &c. He is well acquainted on both Sides of James River to Maycox, from thence to Suffolk and Norfolk, and is probably lurking about some Gentleman's Negro Quarter. Whoever brings him to me, or secures him so that I get him again, shall have TWENTY SHILLINGS Reward, besides Expenses.---I forewarn every Person from carrying him out of the Country, or harbouring him. 4 ROBERT BROWN.
STRAYED from the Subscriber, in the lower End of Chesterfield County, a likely BRIGHT BAY HORSE about 8 Years old, 4 Feet 9 or 10 Inches high, no Brand, has a hanging Mane and Switch Tail, many Saddle Spots, and a little White on one of his hind Heels, shod before, one of his fore Feet turns a little in, paces, trots, and gallops well. I heard of him as far as 10 or 12 Miles, and was then making homewards; but I have Reason to think he was taken on the Way by some Villain, and rode off. Whoever brings the said Horse to me, in Amelia, or gives such Intelligence that I may get him, shall have FORTY SHILLINGS Reward. 2|| WILLIAM WATSON.
STRAYED out of William Gregory's Pasture, in Charles City, on the 2d Instant (January) a BAY HORSE about 4 Feet 9 Inches high, 7 or 8 Years old, with a Blaze Face, a bushy hanging Mane and Switch Tail, and his right fore Foot is white; he paces remarkably well, does not trot, and gallops but awkwardly. Whoever brings the said Horse to Mr. William Gregory, or to the Subscriber, in Richmond Town, shall have TWENTY SHILLINGS Reward. ALEXANDER BUCHANAN.
HANOVER, February 2, 1775.
WHEREAS I had the Misfortune to have my Study burnt on Tuesday Night, and all the Books and Papers therein consumed, except a few that were raked out of the Ashes Yesterday, some of which are so scorched and defaced that they are scarce legible: I therefore give my Clients this early Notice of it, that they may furnish me with Duplicates of the Protests, Copies of the Accounts, and Affidavits of the Sums due on the Bonds, which they had lodged with me, and on Receipt of them I will use my best Endeavours to collect or secure their Debts; and I flatter myself the Debtors will not take Advantage of my Misfortune, but will readily give me their Aid on this sad Occasion. I shall be extremely obliged to the Persons who have received Money from me on Account of others, or of the several Estates for which I am concerned, or paid me Money on Account of them Estates, to send me Certificates of the Sums paid or received for some Years past, as my Receipts and Vouchers are chiefly destroyed: And this Favour will ever be acknowledged by Their most humble Servant, PETER LYONS.
TAKEN up, on Namozee Creek, in Dinwiddie, a dark brown BULL, mixed with some white, a white Spot in his Face, in the Form of a Heart, the Ends of his Horns are sawed off, he is marked with a Crop and Half Crop in the right Ear, and an Underkeel in the left, and is about 5 Years old. Also a Heifer, of a red and white Colour, marked with a Crop and Hole in the right Ear, and a Half Moon under and over the left.---Posted and appraised, the Bull to 31. and the Heifer to 35s. 2|| THOMAS BARRETT.
TAKEN up, in Cumberland, a bright bay HORSE about 6 or 7 Years old, 4 Feet 9 or 10 Inches high, has a few Saddle Spots on his Back, some white Hairs in his Forehead, both his Sides are rubbed with Traces, he is shod before, but has no perceivable Brand. Posted, and appraised to 251. THOMAS MONTAGUE.
TAKEN up, in Caroline, two STEERS, one a dark Brindle, and the other pied, marked with a Crop and Underkeel in the right Ear, and a Crop and Slit in the left, cut off the lower Part of the Ear. Posted, and appraised to 41. 5s. 2|| WILLIAM CARTER.
TAKEN up, near Falmouth, in King George, a sorrel MARE about 4 Feet 4 Inches high, and 10 or 12 Years old, marked R on the near Buttock, and had a Bell on. Posted, and appraised to 31. 2|| WILLIAM THRULKELD.
A PERSON from 30 to 40 Years of Age, who has been used to the Business of a Store, and comes well recommended, may hear of Employment by inquiring of the Printers.
WANTED,
AN Apprentice to a Store, a young Lad of genteel Parentage, with a tolerable Education, about 15 years of Age. Such a Person coming well recommended, will meet with suitable Encouragement, by applying to the Printers.
BENJAMIN BUCKTROUT, CABINET MAKER, IN FRANCIS STREET, WILLIAMSBURG, STILL carries on that Business in all its Branches, where Ladies and Gentlemen may be supplied with any Sort of Cabinet Work in the best and neatest Manner, and five per Cent. Discount will be allowed them for ready Money. I return those Ladies and Gentlemen who were pleased to favour me with their Commands, my most grateful Thanks, and hope for a Continuance of their Favours, which to merit shall always be the Study of their most humble Servant, BENJAMIN BUCKTROUT. N. B. I should be glad to take one or two Apprentices of bright Genius, and of good Dispositions, and such whose Friends are willing to find them in Clothes.
WILLIAM PAGE
BEGS Leave to inform the Publick in general, and his Friends in particular, that he has removed a little below the Capitol, to the Store formerly occupied by Mr. Robert Nicolson, where he still continues selling, on Commission, at publick and private Sale, all Kinds of Merchandise, or whatever may be committed to his Care, for Cash only, and he assures them that his utmost Endeavours shall be exerted to give Satisfaction in the Management of any Business that may be put under his Direction, and the Favours will be thankfully received and gratefully remembered. I have for Sale several Casks of exceeding good Port Wine, and a large Collection of Books. All Persons indebted to the Estate of Mr. Matthew Tuell, deceased, are desired to make speedy Payment, and all those who have any Demands are requested to bring them in properly proved, as I am empowered to settle the Affairs of the said Estate.
STRAYED, or STOLEN, from the Subscriber in Williamsburg, the first of January last, two BAY MARES, one of them is a dark bay, 14 Hands and a Half high, her hind Feet white to the first Joint, and with Foal. The other a LIGHT BAY, 13 Hands and a Half high. Whoever brings them to me shall receive 20s. Reward. (tf) MILES SELDEN.
THE Freeholders of York County are desired to meet at the Courthouse of the said County, on Monday the 20th of February (being Court Day) to elect Delegates to attend the Convention at the Town of Richmond, on Monday the 20th Day of March next. HANOVER TOWN, Jan. 19, 1775.
NOTICE is hereby given, that the Debts due to Messrs. Andrew Cochrane, Robert Donald, and Co. and Messrs. Murdoch, Donald, and Co. of Glasgow, lately in the Hands of Mr. Alexander Donald and Mr. John Johnson for Collection, and under them Mr. Richard Morris and Mr. John Davies, are now under the Direction of the Subscriber. Great Indulgence having been already given, all those who are still indebted to both, or either of the above Companies, are requested to be very speedy in discharging their respective Balances. Any Payments made to Mr. Malcom Hart will be good. 7 ARCHIBALD GOVAN.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in Caroline County, near Capt. James Upshaw's, on Tuesday the 3d Instant (January) a very likely Mulatto Fellow named LEMON, about 26 Years old, 5 Feet 10 or 11 Inches high, had on, and carried with him, a light coloured Wilton Coat, a Beaver Coating great Coat, and a Pair of red Plush Breeches, but may change his Clothes, and have many others with him. As he is an artful designing Fellow, and once before attempted his Escape, and got as far as Hobb's Hole, I suppose he will try to pass for a Freeman, having endeavoured to procure an Indenture. I forewarn all Masters of Vessels, &c. from carrying him out of the Colony. Whoever brings the said Fellow to me shall receive 31. Reward, besides what the Law allows, and if taken out of the Colony, 101. tf JOHN MARTIN.
ISAAC BOSTON, a large well set Man, about 43 Years old, with reddish coloured Hair and Eyebrows, wears a dark coloured cut Wig, has a Son with him about sixteen Years of Age, about 5 Weeks ago took the following Freight from Mr. John Corrie of Hobb's Hole, on Rappahannock, which was to have been delivered at Colchester, on Potomack: 3 Hhds. of West India Rum, 2 Tierces of Spirits, 1 Hhd. of Saddlery, 1 Bale of Cordage, 1 Do. Rolls, 2 Baskets of Cheese, 1 Cask of Loaf Sugar, some Leading Line, a Bundle of Boxes with sundry Dry Goods, 10 Iron Pots, 1 Hhd. of Cyder, 1 Box of sweet Oranges, and 200 Bushels of Wheat. The Vessel is a Schooner that carries about 600 Bushels, has no Shrouds nor Spring Stay, her Quarter Deck is lined with Tarpaulin, and she was lately sheathed, which is plain to be seen. The said Boston was dressed in a blue Duffel over Jacket, and striped Virginia Cloth Trousers; he is fond of Drink, and very impertinent when in Liquor. There is a Confirmation of his endeavouring to make off with the Vessel and Cargo, and it is thought he will push to Carolina, but may probably stop some Time at Pocumoke, on the Eastern Shore, in Maryland, where he has two Brothers and one Sister living.--- Whoever apprehends the said Boston, and secures the Cargo, shall have a Reward of TWENTY POUNDS, on Application to Mr. James Mills at Urbanna, Mr. John Corrie at Hobb's Hole, Mr. Samuel Jones at Cedar Point, in Maryland, or to JOHN MILLS.
RUN away from Williamsburg, a light Mulatto Girl named JENNY, belonging to the Estate of Joseph Royle, deceased. She is about 16 Years of Age, has a very bushy Head of Hair, and when frightened, a down Look. As she is well known in the Neighbourhood of this City, a more particular Description is unnecessary. A Reward of 10s. will be given to any Person who will deliver her to the Printers of this Paper.
WARWICK, January 7, 1775.
STOLEN from Fourmile Creek, on Sunday the 15th Instant, a gray HORSE about 4 Feet 8 or 9 Inches high, branded on the near Buttock (I believe) W C, has a remarkable Dent in his near Side occasioned by a Hurt, and paces slow. There were upon him, when stolen, an old Hogskin Saddle, a new Swanskin Saddle-Cloth lined, a Surcingle, and Half Curb Bridle. He was taken away by a tall Man who went about preaching, had on an old newmarket coat, and wore a wig. He was seen, soon after he went off, at a House near Fourmile Creek, where he inquired the Way to Hanover and New Kent Courthouses, but said he was going to Richmond. I will give 40s. Reward to any Person who brings the Horse to Mr. James Fairlie at Warwick, to whom he belongs. tf ANDREW WATSON.
FREDERICKSBURG, January 3, 1775.
NOTICE is hereby given, that the Partnership betwixt HORNER and WARD, of this Place, is dissolved; and all Persons who stand indebted to them are to pay the same to William Horner, who will discharge any Debts due from them. WILLIAM HORNER. JAMES WARD.
MY Affairs requiring my Return to England as soon as possible, I shall be greatly obliged to those Persons indebted as above that will enable me to do so, by a speedy Payment.---I have a few European and other GOODS remaining on Hand, which I will dispose of, Wholesale or Retail, on the most reasonable Terms, for ready Money, Tobacco, or Wheat. 8 WILLIAM HORNER.
FOR SALE,
MY DWELLING-HOUSE, &c. in York Town. Five Years Credit will be allowed, the Purchaser give Bond (with approved Security) bearing Interest from the Time the Bargain is concluded upon. For Terms apply to me, in this Town. (tf) JOHN H. NORTON. YORK TOWN, November 23, 1774.
FOR CHARTER,
The BRIGANTINE
A B B Y,
JONAS HERBERT MASTER,
BURTHEN about 240 Hogheads, or 8000 Bushels. For Terms apply to GREENWOOD, RITSON, & MARSH. NORFOLK, November 5, 1774.
PRINCE GEORGE, November 10, 1774.
RUN away from the Subscriber, a Mulatto Boy named SAM, about 16 or 17 Years old, of a very light Complexion, and will endeavour to pass for a free Boy, has gray Eyes, brown Hair, a smooth artful Tongue, is a great Villain, but a very good Barber. In the Month of June last he was put in York Jail, on Suspicion of having stolen some Money in Williamsburg. He made his Escape from thence and got to Norfolk, where he was put in Jail and sent to me by Water. The next Day (September 20th) he made his Escape from my Overseer, and has not since been heard of. He was born in Frederick Town, Maryland, has lived in Frederickburg, Norfolk, and York Town, and is well acquainted with most Parts of Virginia. He was very meanly clad, having been so long in Jail, but it is probable will procure Clothes. I will give 40s. Reward to have him committed to any of his Majesty's Jails, if taken in the Colony of Virginia, and if out of the Colony 51. All Captains of Ships, or Masters of Vessels, are hereby forewarned from carrying him out of the Country, or employing him. (tf) JOHN BLAND.
TO BE SOLD, or RENTED,
(Preference will be given to the first)
A PLANTATION on Allen's Creek in Mecklenburg, within a Mile of Roanoke, consisting of about 120 Acres of Land, the Property of Messrs. Alexander Donald and Co. and whereon the Subscriber now lives. The Land of itself is valuable, exclusive of the Improvements, which are a good Dwelling-House, with other necessary Outhouses, and a large and convenient Storehouse, 32 by 44 Feet. There are about 20 Acres of the low Ground well set in Timothy and Clover, and notwithstanding this dry Summer, 15 Acres of it have yielded above 30,000 Weight of Hay, which, with about 300 Bushels of Oats in the Straw, some Indian Corn, 40 Head of Cattle, 50 Head of Sheep, and some Hogs, will be sold on reasonable Terms. The Purchaser may have Possession of the Premises as soon as he pleases, and long Credit (if required) will be allowed for the Land, on his giving Bond and Security. It is expected the Store will be continued, and of Course the Purchaser will have the Benefit of the Board of the Storekeepers, and besides the Situation of the Place (being on Taylor's Ferry Road) makes it well calculated for a Tavern. (tf) EBENEZER MACHARG.