The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-10-04 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM... (PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 43.]
RICHMOND, FRIDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 4, 1805.
[VOLUME 2.]
Sales at Auction.
ON Monday the 14th of October next will commence the sale of WILLIAM MACKENZIE & Co's Stock, at their Store, three doors below the Eagle Tavern. Consisting of upwards of Thirty Thousand Dollars worth of seasonable and well selected DRY GOODS
TERMS—All funds under 100 dollars, 90 days, and on all funds above 100 dollars 3 and 6 months credit will be given. Notes not negotiable, but with approved security. October 1. (eptd.)
Sales at Auction.
Will be held on Tuesday the 15th October next, positively without reserve and on a credit of 120 days, for negotiable notes, on all funds exceeding 100 dollars.
A Large assortment of GOODS, consisting of Callion and Chintz, Superfine Cloths and Cashmeres, Fines and Coarse do. Dutch Blankets, Men and Women's cotton Stockings, Men and Women's short and extra long kid Gloves, Men's white and brown thread Stockings, 4-4, 9-8 and 6-4 plain cambric Mulls, 6-4 figured and laced do. Irish Linens and Sheetings, Brown Hollands, thread and tape, Marseilles Dimity, Fustian, Durants, Moreens, Bombazets, Wildbores, Men's fine and coarse Hats, Men's fine and coarse Shirts, A very large and general assortment of Ironmongery and Hardware, Three cases of single and double barrel fowling pieces, 10d and 20 Nails, &c. &c. &c. THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. v. m's. Sept. 27. (eptd.)
DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.
THE Co-partnership of WM. C. DRUMMOND & Co. is, by mutual consent, this day dissolved; all persons having demands against the said firm, and those indebted thereto, are desired to call on either of the subscribers for settlement. WM. C. DRUMMOND, HENRY HOFFY.
P. S. They offer for sale, their present STOCK of GOODS on hand, and will give up to the purchaser the eligible stand now occupied by them immediately. October 1. (eptd.)
THE Co-partnership of KNIGHT & DRUMMOND is, by mutual consent, dissolved this day. All persons having demands against said firm, and those indebted thereto, are requested to call on WM. C. Drummond & Co. for immediate settlement. WALTON KNIGHT, WM. C. DRUMMOND. October 1. (d)
BOARDING IN WILLIAMSBURG.
AS the time when the course usually commences at William & Mary College is fast approaching, the subscriber informs parents and young gentlemen that he will continue to receive boarders on terms as moderate as circumstances will allow. It will be his peculiar endeavor to combine satisfactory accommodations, with internal decorum and propriety. Beside other recommendations, his house possesses the advantage of being almost contiguous to the college. ED: CHEMINANT. Williamsburg, October 1. (5t)
B URR MILL STONES, of all sizes; and PLASTER OF PARIS, of an excellent quality, FOR SALE, at usual, by WILLIAM DAVIDSON, near the Market. Dec. 4. (eptd.)
THE subscribers respectfully inform their friends and the public, that they have commenced business in the house lately occupied by Mr. John Ayers, formerly next door to Dr. Terrell's, and nearly opposite to Mr. Wm. Galt's Store—under the firm of FITZWYHLSONN & POTTER, BOOK-BINDERS AND STATIONERS. They have on hand, an assortment of Stationery of excellent quality, to which additions are daily expected. Orders from the town or country immediately attended to, and every article vendible by them warranted as to the quality of the materials, and the fidelity of the workmanship. WM. H. FITZWYHLSONN, WALTER POTTER. Richmond, Sept. 24, 1805. ep8w
F ILLIS & ALLAN HAVE just received 98 bags COFFEE, 2 pipes OLD BRAZIL WINE of very superior quality, and 1 pipe COGNAC BRANDY, which they will sell low for cash, or on a short credit. Sept. 17. ep2w
MILITARY CERTIFICATES. FOR SALE, Certificates of this Rate, bearing interest of 6 per cent. and receivable at the Treasury for all arrearages of taxes, prior to the year 1798. WILLIAM PRICE, Cashr. Genl. M. A. S. May 10. (d)
WEST-POINT is still For Sale. THE subscriber is authorized to sell the said well known TRACT of Land, either altogether, or in Lots of three hundred acres or upwards, to suit purchasers, on the following terms, to wit: one fourth of the purchase money to be paid down, the other three fourths in equal annual installments, to carry interest from the time of sale, and to be secured by bond and mortgage on the land. It is deemed unnecessary to describe particularly a tract of land so remarkable for its fertility and the natural advantages of its situation. Any communication directed to the subscriber at Shirley, in the county of Charles City, by post, to Granville Mills, will be duly attended to. PATRICK HENDREN, Agent for Wm. Fitzhugh of Alexandria, & Charles Carter of Shirley. Sept. 24. oaw1m
BOLTING CLOTHS. A COMPLETE assortment of best Dutch Bolting Cloths, just received—for sale by M. & B. MYERS. September 10. (eptd.)
TO RENT, A Very large and excellent CELLAR, under the Mason's Hall—for terms, apply to Jacob I. Cohen, or Solomon Jacobs. September 20. ep4w
EDUCATION OF YOUNG LADIES, AT WILLIAMSBURG.
N. B. The course of instruction will re-commence, on the 18th October, and no pupils can be engaged after the 15th of that month.
FEMALE Education, which, till lately, was too little attended to, appears now to have become an object universally interesting. In Europe it is not uncommon to confide one half of a young Lady's fortune to useful and ornamental accomplishments; and in our own country also, parents seem rapidly adopting the opinion, that a large portion of the sum they intend for their daughters, may wisely be appropriated to their Education. The idea perhaps is just. What husband does not feel that the intelligence and accomplishments of his wife are of more importance to his happiness and enjoyment, than the addition of a few hundred pounds to his estate? What parent is not sensible that his satisfaction and peace of mind depend directly on that amiable deportment and general good conduct of his daughters, which result from a good education? Nor are these all, nor even the greatest benefits that flow from this fertile source. She, whom the wife and affectionate guardians of her youth have rendered rich in intellectual acquisitions and the elegant arts of personal accomplishment, can never become poor. She possesses a resource of which no vicissitude of fortune can deprive her. She enjoys a patrimony which can neither be exhausted by time, nor diminished by accident; but which, after having proved a refuge from misfortune for the mother, commonly descends in rich inheritance to her children.
Impressed with the truth and importance of these considerations, Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have devoted a large portion of their time and attention to the establishment of a school for the general improvement of young ladies. Having daughters of their own to educate, and viewing that object as the most serious business of their lives, they are personally interested in the arrangements they are making; and they judge from their own feelings, that they render an acceptable service to society, in forming a seminary where polite literature and the arts of personal improvement may be equally cultivated. They frankly own that they have sought, to produce an economical establishment than to render their institution congenial to the wishes of those who desire a good situation for their instruction and accomplishment of their daughters. They have accordingly engaged the assistance of the most eminent instructors in the several branches of female education, and made a liberal provision for every object which might conduce to the success of their undertaking. Their establishment will probably be more acceptable to those who have no disposition to make economy a principal consideration; but it is just to acknowledge, that on this subject they have hitherto experienced from parents the utmost liberality of sentiment.
A regard for the interest and improvement of his native city, and a just attachment to its amiable and excellent society, together with a conviction of its being, for education in general, the most favourable situation of this and the neighbouring southern and western states, induce Mr. Anderson to the following observations. The advantages which Williamsburg at this time possesses with regard to youthful improvement, and the rational enjoyments of social intercourse, unattended with the dissipation incident to large towns, give it a just claim to parental attention. Many individuals, particularly such who have a numerous family to educate, might find it interesting to make it their permanent or temporary residence. Several convenient dwellings may at present be obtained on moderate terms; and as far as relations to Mr. and Mrs. A.'s institution, all charges for tuition shall be made at half price for those young ladies in town. To those who cannot thus become their immediate guardians of their children, Mr. and Mrs. A. offer (for a certain number of young ladies) a situation under their own roof, where it has been endeavoured to assemble every advantage which can render improvement easy, agreeable and certain.
N. B. The young ladies who have obtained permission of absence for a summer visit to their friends, are requested to be punctual in their return by the 1st October. September 13. (ep1m.)
MARSHAL'S SALE.
BY virtue of a decree of the Court of the United States for the Fifth Circuit in the Virginia District, pronounced in May last between John Somerville plaintiff, and David Roff defendant: WILL BE SOLD, on Tuesday the 15th day of October next, to the highest bidder for ready money; so much of the Tract of Land in Chesterfield county, commonly called the Falls Plantation, as will be sufficient to raise the sum of two thousand one hundred and twenty one dollars and 37 cents, and the costs of suit and of sale. The point at which the purchaser is to begin his survey and the direction in which he is to run his lines, will be designated on the day of sale, which sale will be had on the premises. JOSEPH SCOTT, Marshal V. D. Sept. 20, 1805. eptd.
NOTICE.
THE Co-partnership of L. JOSEPH & Co. was dissolved by its limitation on the fourth day of this present month.—They are thankful to a liberal public for the share of patronage they have experienced.
All those who have claims on that firm, will please call on L. Joseph for payment—and all those indebted will please make payment to him. L. JOSEPH, J. B. KEERSHEEDT.
L. JOSEPH, who will continue the business in his own name, informs the public, that on Tuesday and Wednesday the 24th and 25th of the present month; and on Thursday the 24th, on Tuesday and Wednesday the 8th and 9th, and on Tuesday & Wednesday the 15th and 16th of October, his store will be shut, as on a Saturday, according to the Mosaic institution.—Any other time he will have pleasure in waiting on a liberal public, and solicits a continuance of their favours. L. JOSEPH. Sept. 17. ep3w
NOTICE.
BY virtue of a deed of trust, executed to me by John Kelso, to secure the payment of a debt due by him to John and William Bell, I shall, on the last Saturday in October next, at the house of the said John Kelso, in the upper end of the county of Cumberland, proceed to sell so much of that valuable Farm, containing 550 acres of Land, on which he now lives, (subject to two prior deeds of trust) as will pay the sum due to the said John and William Bell, of about six hundred and fifty pounds, with some interest thereon, for the benefit of John Epper. CREED TAYLOR, Trustee. Sept. 17. eptd.
JOHN TOMPKINS,
HAS just received a fresh supply of OLD COGNAC BRANDY, a part of the same shipment of his former parcel. Also, a few bds. of ANTIGUA RUM, of good quality. He has on hand, a parcel of BEST FRENCH CAMBRICKS. The whole of which, he offers for sale very low for cash or on a liberal credit. August 16. (18n)
VALUABLE LAND IN LOUISA COUNTY—FOR SALE.
PURSUANT to a deed of trust, executed by John Bingham, to secure the payment of 200 dollars, interest and charges, due to Yeomans Smith, will be sold at Public auction, for ready money, on the 7th October next, at the Eagle Tavern, in the city of Richmond, between 12 and 1 o'clock:
A certain TRACT OF LAND, lying in the county of Louisa, on both sides of Reedy Run, adjoining the lands of David Morris and Samuel Hanlon, containing 300 acres, by a late survey.
ROBERT BELL, JOHN DUNSMURE } Trustees. August 30. (tds)
Amberly August Court, 1805.
IN CHANCERY. John Profit, Randolph Profit, Jesse Profit, Rowland Profit, Elizabeth Profit and Nancy Profit, children of David Profit, dec'd. and Duncan Cameron and Molly his wife, late Molly Profit, a daughter of David Profit, dec'd. and David Profit and Austin Profit infant children of Austin Profit, dec'd. who was a son of the said David Profit, dec'd. by John Profit their guardian and next friend. Comp'lrs. Against William Joffin and Sally his wife, Joseph Wilcher and Susanna his wife, and David Profit, which said Sally, Susanna, and David are children of the said David Profit, dec'd. Defts.
ON the motion of the complainants by their attorneys, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendants Wm. Joffin and Sally his wife, Joseph Wilcher and Susanna his wife, and David Profit are not inhabitants of this state and without the jurisdiction of this court: It is ordered that the defendants do appear here on the third Monday in November next, and answer the complainant's bill, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some public newspaper published within this commonwealth for eight weeks successively, and that another copy be posted at the front door of the court house of this county on some court day. Copy Teste, W. S. CRAWFORD, C. C. cur. Sept. 24. ep8w.
TO MILLERS, OWNERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF FLOUR.
THE subscriber informs his friends and the public that he has purchased the stock of French Burr pieces from Mr. Thomas Donovan, and has again commenced the making of BURR MILL STONES near the basin of the canal, and opposite to the Hay Scales, where he has a large quantity of materials and expects future constant supplies.
The business will be carried on by the best workmen, and will be constantly attended to by himself. The experience he has had induces him to believe that he will be able to give general satisfaction. He also hopes that his old friends, and the public will again favor him with their commands.
Being well acquainted with the manufacturing of flour, he will give the purchasers of stones the best information how to put the stones to work to advantage—and will also chase for those who desire it. Bolting cloths adapted to quality of the Stones. 13th Sept. (ep4w.)
JOHN MOODY.
THE subscriber is authorized to barter (or otherwise dispose of) a very valuable and productive property in the upper country, which is estimated, by the proprietor, to be worth between 30 and 40,000 dollars, but he will be perfectly willing that its cash value shall be adjudged by disinterested men.
Virginia Bank stock will be taken in exchange, and a very liberal price allowed. The above mentioned property is situated in a healthy country, about 120 miles above this place, and within 10 miles of James river. THOMAS NORVELL. August 23. (d)
THE BROAD-ROCK FALL RACES
Will commence on Monday, the 7th day of October next. The first day will be run, the greatest and most interesting match race ever run in America, between Mr. John Taylor's horse PEACE MAKER, 5 years old, carrying 118lbs. and Mr. Ball's colt FLORET, 4 years old, carrying 106lbs. running 4 mile heats, for 3,000 dollars.
The 2nd day—the Jockey Club Purse of 400 dollars 4 mile heats. The 3rd day—the Proprietor's Purse of 200 dollars, 3 mile heats, carrying weight for age, agreeable to the rules of the Jockey Club.
The money run for each day will be placed in the hands of the judges. There is also to be run, after the great match race, the same day, another match for 200 dollars. a single mile. Wm. BALL, Proprietor of the Field.
The usual toll will be collected at the gates each day's racing. All persons are requested not to bring their dogs to the field during the races, as they will be shot without respect to the owners. Broad-Rock, September 10, 1805.
THE TREASURER
OF the Broad-Rock Jockey Club takes this method to inform those delinquent members, agreeable to an order of the said Club, that he shall advertise the names of those who fail to pay up their delinquencies to him or to Mr. Wm. Ball, who is authorized to receive the same. He hopes they will be pointed in paying up their subscription on the first day of the Broad-Rock races. THOMAS CHEATHAM, Treasurer. September 10, 1805.
LAND—FOR SALE,
IN the county of Lunenburg, lying within one mile of the Court-house, on Conche's creek; this tract contains seven hundred and fifty acres, one hundred and fifty of which is cleared; comfortably improved for the accommodation of a family. This land is well suited to the cultivation of Tobacco, Corn and Wheat.
A great bargain may be had in this land. The terms may be made known, by application to Major Grief Green, of Nottoway, who is duly authorized to dispose of it, or the subscriber living on the premises. JOSEPH SMITH. Lunenburg, August 2. (eptd.)
STRAYED OR STOLEN,
FROM the subscriber—A light chestnut sorrel MARE, 15 hands high, 4 years old last spring; she has a star in her forehead, and a slip in the nose and on the right hind buttock there is a white spot, a long switch tail with some grey hairs in it. The last account I heard of the mare, she was following a man and woman near Bevil's bridge; the man had on a white hat, a blue coat and a spotted waistcoat, riding a brown horse; the woman had on a blue calico dress and a small green umbrella with fringe round it, riding a bay horse; they both had saddle bags. Any person securing the said mare to me that I get her again, shall have Twenty Dollars Reward, and all reasonable charges paid by NATHAN GILBERT, near Winchester. Smithfield, Jefferson county, Sept. 13, 1805.
European Intelligence.
INSURRECTION AT ALGIERS.
WE have accounts by the way of Salem, of an important insurrection in Algiers, and that it continued to rage on the 3d of July. A Bordeaux paper of the 1st of August, received by capt. BRADFORD, contains the following article: Translated for the Boston Palladium.
ALGIERS, July 4.
NO favour, not even a Turk, ever enjoyed an influence over any Dey equal to that which the Jew NAFTALI BUSNAH had acquired over the present. He treated directly with the Agents of the different powers, and suffered them not to approach the Prince, whom he received, day and night, by means of his creatures, and whom he governed entirely, by means of satisfying all his whims. BUSNAH distributed places; he created and deposed the Bays or Governors of Provinces, with whom he always kept up a private correspondence; he fixed the sums they were to send to the Dey; he held the keys of the Khazana; he had monopolized all commerce, and suffered no competition; he governed the marine of Algiers, and that of all other ports of the kingdom; the confairs failed only when he judged it expedient, and directed their courses according to advice received by him from Europe, where he had numerous correspondents; he took possession of all prizes, without allowing them to be sold at auction; he, in short, violated all the ancient customs which are here sacred laws. This system was supported by tyranny, mixed with the most notorious meanness, but joined with much courage. A conspiracy was formed against the government four years ago. A price was set upon BUSNAH's head and the pillage of his forces proclaimed. The prime minister had received, fifteen months ago, several strokes of the yataghan, even at his post; the Dey was attacked and dangerously wounded by four Turks; and BUSNAH was the object of these various outrages. BUSNAH himself, a year ago, had miraculously escaped two shots of a poignard, aimed at him by a Turk. He had not been terrified by any of these terrible warnings; he had paid no attention to the advice which had been given him; his insolence, on the contrary, had augmented and become, particularly for the last seven or eight months, insupportable.
The indignation of the militia was extreme; the unprecedented scarcity that we suffered by reason of BUSNAH's finding all the grain of the kingdom to the enemies of government; the revolts of the province of Constantine, and that above all the most serious of Mascara, originating from his exactions on the Bays, could not fail of increasing it. The 29th of last month, at 7 o'clock in the morning, he was shot near the Dey's house, with a pistol, which a Turk, named YAHIA, fired at him, saying, "health to the governor of Algiers." Some Noubadjes of the Prince's guard, ran, and would have arrested the assassin, who preferred a firm countenance, and taking in one hand the pistol which remained charged, and in the other his yataghan, said, "I have killed the miserable Jew who has so long tyrannized over you, you are Jesus, like him, if you attempt to injure my person." The Noubadjes retired, and the Turk went peacefully to his lodgings. BUSNAH was carried to his house, where he died three hours after.
YAHIA confessed to his comrades the action he had committed, and asked them if they were determined to defend him; he said, that if they would not, he would fly to the mountains. They all swore to die rather than deliver him up. Deputations from the other bodies of militia came to him, and made the same oath. A great number of inhabitants imitated this example, and wished to kiss the hand chosen, as they said, by providence, to deliver their country from the monster who had oppressed it. In the evening the Dey pardoned the assassin, by sending him his chaplain, according to custom. It was necessary to accompany the body of BUSNAH with a numerous guard. The people were for burning it, and stoning those who carried it. The 30th, very early, the militia issued from the barracks; they massacred all the Jews they could find in the streets; they then went to the houses and stores of Bujahs, which were broke open and pillaged. The Moors and barbarous populace of the Pijaris and Kbaits, joined with the militia; they broke open the doors of all the Jews, and the plunder became general; they were encouraged by the cries of joy of the women in the streets and on the terraces. After some hours of this dreadful havoc, the Dey, whose guard had remained immovable in the palace, dispatched some members of the Divan to the barracks, who were ordered to lay to the militia, that the Prince loved the Jews as little as they, and that if they desired it he would only suffer to remain in Algiers those who professed the mechanical arts, the number of which was fixed by the convention anciently made by Barbarella with the Hebrew nation.
This step of the Dey had the effect to calm the militia, who retired quietly to their barracks. Echouch's and the Noubadjes stopped the carnage and pillage by degrees, and acted as a police guard the remainder of the day. Government caused the dead bodies that were found in the streets to be drawn by flaves to the place of Babel Oude, amidst the acclamations of an immense crowd. Nothing occurred on the 1st inst. excepting that the assassin of BUSNAH presented himself in arms before the palace of the Dey, saying he had been informed he was to be punished, and was ready to submit to the sentence. The Prince sent him for answer, that his word was sacred, and that he had nothing to fear. The Jews carried the dead bodies from their houses to the burying places escorted by Cabbadjes. It appeared, however, certain that there were in the barracks many conspiracies forming to attack the palace and massacre the nobles. The difference of parties, and of opinions, upon the person who should be chosen to govern, but above all the gold which was lavished without measure, caused these projects to miscarry. On the 2d inst. all the Jews were embarked which could be contained in an imperial ship then in port. The days of the 2d and 3d inst. have been tranquil. The militia had it in their power to have risen, and have been much offended that the excesses were attributed to a desire of pillage. They have returned freely every thing that had been carried to the barracks. It is in the houses of Moors, and in the hands of the Pijaris and Kbaits, who
have carried them to the mountains, that all the riches of the Jews are secreted. Various accounts are given of the number of deaths, but it is not so considerable as was first imagined, that of the wounded is considerable. There were fourteen or fifteen thousand Jews at Algiers, who were rich in diamonds, pearls, and jewels, on her head a Sarsina of gold, which cannot be worth less than 300 dollars, these have all been taken from them. The losses of the Hebrew nation in this article are incalculable. The Aga has been beat a few days journey from Algiers. The new Bey has not been able to get into, and the old is still shut up in Oran. Ammunition is sent by water and land. More than 1200 individuals, men, women, and children, have taken refuge, for the most part naked, in the house of the French Com. General, where his majesty's flag has protected them. The government has caused it to be announced in the barracks, last night, that the Moors have intentions hostile to the Turks, and has engaged the militia not to lay down their arms. Is this a finess in the government who wish to turn the attention of the militia from themselves? Or is it the result of the bad news received from Parent? Be it as it may, the government has this morning caused to be hung at the gate of Bab-Asoun three Moors, in whose houses it is pretended arms and powder have been discovered. The massacre and pillage of the Jews at Belide did not take place as has been reported.
Remarks on the Policy of Russia.
From the Monitor.
We know that no war upon the Continent can be seriously undertaken without Prussia or Austria becoming partisans in it; and these powers are not to be told that they often commence a war with allies, and finish it without them: that the subsidies they receive are barely sufficient to defray a fourth of their expenses; and that among neighbouring powers, acquainted with each other, the consequences of war are terrible, and to which they will not expose themselves without good, cogent and indisputable reasons. Russia herself can effect nothing against France, but with her assistance, she may become every thing good and great.
Will she a second time send 20,000 men to make a new debarkation to Holland? Will she disembark 60,000 men upon the Wefer to attack the French in Hanover? The result to Russia would be the loss of a great number of men, and the inevitable weakening of the empire, but would be truly advantageous to the powers on the confines of Russia; they would willingly see her wasting her armies in contending against France, and suffering in her turn, all the inconveniences which Austria has so long sustained alone.
Will she send 30 or 40,000 men into Ireland to defend that country against French invasion? By doing so, what credit shall she obtain in the eyes of the universe, thus becoming an auxiliary and a subaltern? Besides, what interest has she in augmenting the British power? Can she be ignorant that the sea bathes every shore, and that England, who rules over the sea, may also appear before Cronstadt to dictate law to Russia? On the other hand, Russia has nothing to fear from France; nature has defined these two powers to be friends; and whatever evil direction passion may give to their armies, no great interest will ever attend the undertakings of either power.
Men of small experience may deceive themselves in neglecting to acknowledge incontrovertible truths: but ministers, grown grey in the public service, as there are many in Russia; or a Prince only directed by liberal opinions, with an enlightened love of his subjects, and sentiments of his real grandeur, cannot be misled for any length of time.
Passion and misunderstanding, fomented by artful and malevolent men, may lead to hazardous and inconvenient measures on either side; to the suspicion of all communication, and even to the making of war; but a misunderstanding cannot be durable between nations which are necessarily brought back to recollection by the sentiments of their respective strength, their mutual and perfect independence necessarily leading to a disposition for moderation, and the public desire of peace.
When a power whose capital is far in the North, and whose armies upon the frontiers of Persia and Tartary would interfere upon its own account, and at its own risk in the affairs of the South of Europe, even then it quits its proper sphere. However powerful monarchs may be, and however brave their soldiers, they are but men; they cannot exert themselves beyond the limits marked out by the nature of things.
Russia, when taking a part in the affairs of the South of Europe, must either support one of the three great powers, Austria, Prussia, or France, and thus she acts, according to the interest of her local situation, which renders her truly respectable. But if, on the contrary, the intermeddles with the affairs of the South, without the assistance of either of those powers, she is wanting to the consideration of her own greatness, which, to increase, does not require provinces, but men; these might elevate her to a pitch superior to the other powers. One years war would destroy more men than many years duration of peace could produce. A lasting peace is therefore the most certain means of satisfying the ambition of Russia, and the propagation of the species one of the most pressing of its exigencies.
We therefore cannot persuade ourselves to believe that the Russians will make a debarkation in Italy; in fact, were they to land there with ten times the force, they would be all lost men."
Captain Howland, of the ship Minerva, left Amsterdam on the 29th of July, at which time the infantry and cavalry intended for the descent on England were embarking with all possible expedition. All the ships of war, excepting the Revenge, a new ship of 74 guns, were in readiness. The American vessels were compelled to quit Nieu Diep to make room for the transports. Merc. Adv.
COMBINED FLEET.
Capt. Hammond, arrived yesterday, from Bristol, informs, that on the 12th of August, in lat. 49, 30, long. 14, 5, he was boarded by an English ship of war, the Lieutenant of which said that Lord Nelson had fallen in with a part of the combined French and Spanish fleets, and captured five sail of the line. Bost. Gaz.

BOSTON, September 23.
LATEST FROM EUROPE.
By the arrival, on Saturday evening last, of the ship Neptune , Capt. Scott, in 59 days from London, we have received papers one day, and Lloyd's List three days later than those received by the Sally , from Liverpool.
From these dates we are enabled to add a few articles to our former stock of European Intelligence.
THE INVASION.
"London August 10."—We have reason to believe that the intelligence lately received by Government is such as to create a firm persuasion that the Enemy will immediately make an attempt to invade this Kingdom; their preparations are complete, and in the Texel; the troops destined for the Expedition are actually embarked, with all the artillery and stores, and we have no doubt are only waiting for a favourable opportunity to put to sea. It was, indeed, yesterday positively stated that the Dutch Fleet had failed; but we have ascertained that the report was wholly unfounded. Admiral Ruffel failed on Thursday to resume his station off the Texel. At so important a crisis we are happy to be enabled to state, that Government have adopted every measure which prudence could suggest to defeat the daring design of the Enemy. Of the result of such an attempt we never entertained a doubt; at the same time we should be sorry if confidence led to any relaxation in the necessary means of defence. It would be idle to deny that we have a most active and powerful Enemy to contend against—that his means of attack are great beyond all example—and that his enmity to this Country is implacable. Our confidence is founded not upon any contempt of the Enemy, but upon a knowledge of the skill, discipline, and courage of our fleets and armies, and upon the loyalty, unanimity, and bravery of the People of these Kingdoms.
The following Circular Letter, was yesterday ordered to be sent to the commanders of the different Volunteer Corps throughout the kingdom:
(CIRCULAR.)
"SIR, In consequence of intelligence received by government, of the embarkation of large bodies of troops in Holland, of a fleet of men of war being ready to sail from thence, and of the increased preparations of the French at Boulogne, and its neighbourhood, I have received orders from His Royal Highness the Commander in Chief, to direct the General Officers, and Inspecting Field Officers attached to the Volunteer Corps, to give notice to those Corps, of the possibility of their being speedily called upon for service; and also to suspend all furloughs for working during the harvest till further orders. I have the honor to be, your most obedient and most humble servant,
HARRINGTON.
General Commanding the London District.
The Spaniards have begun forming two Camps before Gibraltar, about three miles distant; they have pitched upwards of 500 tents, and they seem to have about 3000 men in their Camps.
Government expect, by the next arrival from the Continent, intelligence which will ultimately determine the question of Continental Peace or War, and perhaps the duration of the present Parliamentary recess.
"Plymouth, August 8."—A sloop is come up from Falmouth, by which is learnt that a Packet arrived from Lisbon in seven days, and brings, a report of a second battle, and that one of the Enemy's ships had taken fire and blew up. The Spanish Prisoners say Villeneuve had sent all his fast-sailing Cutters and Corvettes to the different French and Spanish Ports, to apprise the Port Admirals where he was, and in what latitude he might be joined by any vessels that could escape our Blockading Squadrons.
September 28.
The brig Virginia , Davis, left Bordeaux the 17th August at which time no intelligence of the Engagement between the Combined fleets, and Admiral Calder, had reached that place. Captain D. has favored the Editor of the Mercantile Advertiser with French papers to the 15th August, if they contain any thing worth the trouble of translating, it will appear in our next. lb.
NORFOLK, October 1.
By a lady passenger in the ship Dumfries , capt. Beard arrived here on Saturday in 43 days from Liverpool, we have been favoured with London papers up to the 13th August—Although their contents are not important, yet we make some extracts. [Herald.]
LONDON, August 11-12.
The rumours of invasion, which the activity on the enemy's coast has revived, and to which the vigilant precaution of our government has afforded considerable warranty, have become so confident and so general as to outweigh the many objections with which the probability of the enterprise being attempted is encountered. We think too proudly of the gallantry and loyalty of our countrymen, to suppose aggravated stories of danger necessary to rouse them to that energy which their safety requires. We see with exultation, that they have assumed the most imposing attitude of defiance, and that they are every where prepared to overwhelm the invaders with defeat, and infamy. It is possible, however, that Bonaparte's design to measure the menaces of Russia, or the armaments of Austria, as to send 200,000 men from home at such a period? Or does he calculate on so cheap a victory here, as to derive from it means to support his continental wars? He certainly can find nothing in the history of the two countries to justify such hopes. His objects may extend no farther at present than to alarm this country, to suspend its expeditions, or to call its population from the labors of the harvest; or perhaps he feels to smother in France the disgrace of the failures of his West-India expeditions, in the battle and expectation of another enterprise. Let his intentions, however, be what they may, the glory and the safety of the empire demand our patient, prompt, and ready co-operation in those arrangements which the government has adopted for our defence.
The Texel squadron has been reinforced by three line of battle ships from the Downs; and squadrons are ordered off the Muse and Helvoet. At the latter port, the Chatham , of 84 guns, and the Peter Paul of 64, are in readiness for sea—the artificers employed in their equipment, worked several nights by torch light—4000 French troops were to embark on board them; and two Dutch frigates and two French brigs, which are expected there. It is supposed, however, that this squadron is designed for distant service, from the circumstance of its having taken six months stores and provisions on board.
All the French officers on leave of absence have been ordered to join their regiments on the coast. The late communications from Russia were such as to leave no doubt with our government of the early and efficient co-operation of Russia in the war. Immediately after the recall of M. Novosiloff, and the departure of Prince Dolgorouky for Vienna, another special messenger, General Tolstoy, was dispatched to the Austrian court, to request with his Imperial Majesty the march of a Russian army through his hereditary dominions.
The preparations for war in Russia are of the most active and decided character.—Immense numbers of troops
have been purchased for the transport of artillery and baggage; the magazines on the German and Polish frontiers are filling with stores; the troops in camp, and most of those in garrison, have received instructions to hold themselves in readiness to march; and orders were despatched from Petersburg, on the 14th ult. for a division of the army in Podolia to defend the Bug to Oczakoff, where transports are in readiness to convey them to the Adriatic, while another corps, which is stated to comprise 17,000 men, is to proceed from Kiew by the Dneister to Cherson, with like destination. The Russian force in the Seven Islands, including the Albanian levies, amount to nearly 40,000 men, and are, as soon as the Austrian armies take the field, to be employed in Lower Italy, in concert with the military force of Naples.
The Archduke Charles was to leave Vienna on the 27th ult. to wit the Imperial armies in the Tyrol and Italy. The former comprises 45,000 men, the latter is estimated at 60,000. The Imperial garrisons in Styria have been greatly strengthened, and a camp formed near Riedlingen, and another of greater force in the Margravate of Burgaw, to watch the movements of the French armies on the Rhine.
Unless the policy or the intemperance of Bonaparte accelerate the war, Austria will doubtless, wait the maturation of her plans, and the arrival of the Russians; but should she be compelled to take the field in her present state of preparation, we rejoice to hear that it is such as to promise the most splendid success.
Yesterday we received a letter from the fleet off Brest, dated the 4th inst. by which we learn, that two ships of the line and two frigates lately came out of Brest, with the apparent intention of putting to sea; it was supposed that others would follow, and a general joy pervaded our fleet. The enemy, however, brought too in Bertheaume Roads, and after maneuvering there for four days, returned to port. Our in-shore squadron, which consisted of the Indefatigable, A. afta, Santa Margareta, Surinam, and Rambler, kept nearly within gun-shot of them.
Yesterday did not produce any fresh intelligence respecting the combined fleet; and its course and destination still remain matter of conjecture. They had not attempted to make Ferrol on the 1st inst. neither had they put into Vigo or Porto Novo on the 30th July; the whole of the coast from Cape Frazz to Ferrol having on that and the following day been reconnoitred by one of our cruisers.
Yesterday we received a letter from an officer on board one of the Indian at Falmouth, to the following effect:
"When last I wrote, we were on the point of sailing; but just as we had got out of the harbour a signal was made for all ships to return to their moorings within the harbour. On the following day all commanders were ordered to board the Commodore's ship, when they were informed by him, that he had received directions from the Admiralty for all the ships to clear for action, by cutting down their caboose, and unshipping their bulk heads, as information had been received that a French flotilla were expected to be out, and we were all to be ready to cut our cables at a moment's notice, and to put to sea to meet them, or else that we might be expected to cruise to meet them, and render all the assistance in our power; but if we do not cruise for them, our voyage to India will most probably be delayed some weeks. None of the officers or cadets are permitted to go on shore on any account, as their services may be required on board during their absence."
Parliament is said, is to assemble in October. The attack on Gibraltar by 100 bomb and gun vessels, the latter fitted with furnaces for throwing red hot shot, is, according to the Spanish accounts, to be attempted in the course of the present month. An assault on the land side by 20,000 Spaniards, and 10,000 French, at the same time, is also mentioned.
Yesterday a report was circulated, on the authority of a letter said to have been received at Plymouth from Falmouth, of a second action with the combined fleet, in which one of the enemy's ships blew up.
The papers we have perused, received by the Dumfries, are copious on the subject of the late engagement, and we observe that it is much believed, that Admiral Calder, did not perform his duty in not bringing the combined fleet to a second action. It is now very certain that the British Admiral could have forced the combined fleet to a second action, had he been so inclined. It would be arrogant in us to question the reasons which operated with the Admiral; we observe by one of the latest papers that he had "obtained leave of absence" but we do not observe that his successor is named.
Every thing announces that the long projected invasion will be attempted, unless the defeat of the combined fleet should have any operation in producing delay.
LONDON, August 7.
The following article is circulated on the continent as comprehending many of the complaints alleged by Austria against the present ruler of the French nation, viz.
"The occupation of Hanover, of the Papal states, and of the kingdom of Naples, as well as the Helvetic republic, contrary to the treaties of Rastatt and Lunéville; the incorporation of Piedmont with the French empire; the invasion of the German empire by the seizure of the Duke d'Enghien on the territory of the elector of Baden; the seizure of several islands on the Rhine, which, according to the treaty of Rastatt, belonged to the German empire; the demand, or rather threat, to occupy all the sea-ports in Dalmatia, in the cede-Venetian states, during the present war; the demand or menace to occupy the capital of the kingdom of Naples, all its forts and sea-ports; the occupation of all the sea-ports of the kingdom of Etruria; the incorporation of Parma and Piacenza with France, contrary to the secret articles of the treaty of Lunéville; the imperious demands to the court of Vienna and Naples to exclude all British and Russian ships from their respective harbours; the creation of a new kingdom in Italy, contrary to the secret articles of the treaty of Lunéville; the incorporation of Genoa and Lucca with the French empire, contrary to the secret articles of the treaty of Lunéville; the evasive and insolent answer given to the representations of Count Cobentzel, Ambassador from the Emperor of Germany; & the insulting language held by the chief of the French government to all the representations of his majesty the Emperor of Germany and Austria. But in addition to these grievances, it is said that the court of Vienna has actually discovered a new attempt and plot of Bonaparte to place his brothers on the thrones of Spain and Portugal."
At the same time, that so many movements are taking place indicative of a war on the continent, the preparations for the invasion of this country are unusually active. We have known for some days, that there has of late been an uncommon bustle on the opposite coast; and now we learn, that the different officers absent on leave, have been ordered to join the army on the coast; that the French army collected on the Lower Rhine has also been ordered to march to the coast; and that Bonaparte was expected at the end of last month.—A very short time will probably be productive of very important events. [Star.]
From the London Gazette, August 6.
ADMIRALTY OFFICE, Aug. 3. Copy of a letter from Sir Robert Calder, Bart. Vice-Admiral of the Blue, to the honourable William Cornwallis, admiral of the White, &c. dated on board his majesty's ship the Prince of Wales , the 25th of July.
SIR,
I am induced to send by the Windsor Castle a duplicate of my dispatch of the 23d inst. Ow-
ing to a very great omission of the Secretary, who, from indisposition, and an interlineation in my first letter, neglected to insert the name of Rear Admiral Charles Stirling in my public thanks; I am therefore to request you will be pleased to cause the mistake to be corrected as early as possible. I have the honour to be, &c. ROBERT CALDER. (Signed)
August 12.
We have already stated our opinion respecting the probability of some attempt being soon made to invade our shores. The country is already warned; the necessary measures of precaution have been adopted, and the country may wait the event with patience and with confidence. To dwell on all the rumours and opinions to which a moment like the present gives birth, would be an useless task, and a labour for which our readers would not be disposed to thank us. They will know, and they shall know, every movement of the smallest importance; but we will not abuse their patience by a detail of idle conjecture and speculations.
The number of men embarked in the Texel, we understand, exceeds considerably the number of 25,000, which was the number stated in the accounts of last week. Every vessel from 30 to 300 tons has been impressed to carry men, and the greater part have been furnished with sweeps to facilitate their movements, should the wind fail them. At Boulogne and all along the French coast, preparations are in equal activity, and every thing gives a shew at least of an intention to invade us.
It is certainly possible that the whole may be only object of the whole may be only a feint intended to turn the attention of this country and of Europe from other plans of the Corsican—but it becomes us to be on our guard—and to be so without alarm, useless hurry, and precipitation.
Our different squadrons have been reinforced, and the necessary orders have been sent to the different maritime counties to prepare a vigorous resistance. Sun.
Lord Nelson, when he failed to take his station off Cape St. Vincent, had with him eleven sail of the line and two frigates; namely, the Victory , Camopus , Donegal , Tigre , Superb , Spencer , Swartsluys , Belisarius , Conqueror , Leviathan , and Swiftsure ; Amazon , and Amphion .
Sir Richard Bickerton, with four sail of the line, was blocking the eight Spanish line of battle ships in Carthagena when the Decade frigates joined Admiral Collingwood, with deftatches from Lord Nelson, of the return of the Combined Fleet, and the Bittern sloop of war was immediately sent to recal Sir R. Bickerton. The expected junction had not taken place at the date of the latest accounts. The expedition under Sir James Craig, proceeded to Malta under convoy of the Lively and Seahorse frigates, Merlin sloop, and Childers , Cameleon , Fervent , and Dexterous brigs, and was seen to the eastward of Minorca early in July.
The combined fleet, during their flight from the West-Indies, compelled every vessel they met with to stand on their course, and detained it a day, or sometime longer, in order to prevent information of their track being given to Lord Nelson. The Fanny , Bouns , and some other vessels, they took in tow.
It is stated by the prisoners taken on board the Spanish ships, that as soon as Villeneuve saw the British fleet, he sent off several of his small vessels to different ports of France and Spain, to announce his arrival, and to desire that the ships which were ready for sea might sail to join him; and it is probable that he waited for long (viz. from the 22d to the 26th of July) near the spot where the action was sought, in the hope of being reinforced. This conjecture is strengthened by the intelligence that a French squadron of three sail of the line and three frigates were seen by the Pickle Schooner cruising off Cape Finisterre, evidently for the purpose of joining the combined fleet, because if they had failed upon any expedition, they would naturally have continued their course.
A letter from the fleet off Brest, dated the 4th inst. states, that two ships of the line and two frigates lately came out of Brest, with the apparent intention of putting to sea. The enemy brought to in Bertheaume Roads, and after maneuvering there for four days, returned to port. Our in-shore squadron which consisted of the Indefatigable, A. afta , Santa Margareta , Surinam , and Rambler , kept nearly within gun-shot of them.
On Saturday several letters were received from our squadron off Rochefort, brought to Plymouth by the Triumph , of 74 guns, which has been obliged to return to port in consequence of the damage her masts sustained in the late action. Admiral Stirling has now with him the Glory , Warrior , and Raisable . The French force in the Charente was double his number, but had not shown any disposition to put to sea.
NEW-YORK, September 26.
Captain Allen, of the ship Triumph from Amsterdam, confirms the intelligence we published a few days ago, received via Norfolk, that the most active preparations were making at the Texel for the invasion of England. He says, that French troops were daily embarking there in considerable numbers on board the Dutch men of war and transports; and that a British fleet of three sail of the line, two frigates, and three cutter brigs, were at anchor off the mouth of the harbour. [Merc. Adv.]
A gentleman lately from Marcellais, informs, that the most earnest topic of conversation at that place, was the projected partition of Switzerland by France and some of the other neighbouring Potentates of Europe. The emperor Napoleon, it was said, was to have those parts, which border on the French territory; while Austria, as a requital of her acquiescence in the plan, was to be put in possession of the German Cantons. N. Y. Merc. Adv.
Domestic Intelligence.
To the Editor of the Mercantile Advertiser, Sir,
The present complexion of our foreign affairs calls for an immediate preparation for the public defence. The necessity of noticing the insult and depredations of the Spaniards, in a manner that shall effectually stop the predatory warfare now carrying on against us, is obvious to every person, and wished for by every citizen who values the happiness and dignity of the nation.
Having reduced the serocity of brave barbarians, with a handful of men, and victoriously erected our standard on the walls of Africa, it is not meet to submit to the insults of the most effeminate and contemptible of European slaves; but by a vigorous and effectual application of chastisement, make them to fear if they will not love us.
That a nation to be respected should at all times be prepared for war, is a maxim that has ever held good, and never will be overthrown so long as human nature remains as it is. And that we are not in such a state of preparation is as evident to our enemies as to ourselves.
That we are not to expect the interposition of miracles in our favour in the event of a war, we presume every person will admit; or that we
can hope for the support of Divine Providence, unless we exert all the talent and power it has graciously bestowed upon us for our defence against oppression. These reflections lead us to enquire what measures are to be pursued to enable us to withstand and punish those depredations? Are we prepared or preparing for war? Our gallant squadron will soon return; but ships cannot fight on shore, and we will not have standing armies. What then is doing with the Mi'itia ? This natural support, and only hope of a Republican Government, when nations that their cars to reaton and justice, is left to languish under the most feeble and inefficient laws, without organization, intelligence, or discipline; this army, which the constitution and freedom of the union must sooner or later depend on for protection, has nothing to oppose to an enemy but its courage and patriotism.
General Washington, in his speech to Congress at the session of 1794, makes the following observation—"The devising and establishing of a well regulated militia, would be a genuine source of legislative honour, and a perfect title to public gratitude." With such an opinion from such a man, and the truth of the position before the eyes of the nation, it is not astonishing to little attention has been paid to the subject.
That something must now be done to place ourselves in a state of defence, is the opinion of most persons. Such an opinion very naturally arises from the violences we have experienced from our neighbours the Spaniards; and as we are all interested and have our opinions on the subject, I shall give mine.
Effectual means should be taken to be informed of the abilities of the officers in commission to fill their respective stations. It is of primary importance to have intelligent officers at all times, in particular when there is a prospect of a want of their services. The whole force of the union should be divided into three classes, from 18 to 25, from 25 to 35, and from 35 to 45 years of age. The first class should be under orders of readiness, and drilled by their captains once a week; Majors to exercise and discipline their battalions once a month; field pieces should be attached to the battalions, and measures taken to instruct the men in the use of them; camp equipage should be in readiness, that at any time troops may march or take the field. The discipline of the other two classes should be regulated according to circumstances, with a view, as much as possible, to the convenience of society. They would be every where powerful auxiliaries to the first class, whenever circumstances required their services. With such regulations we might bid defiance to the united efforts of Europe, and preserve our government from the dangers it would inevitably experience by employing a mercenary army.
These precautions are necessary, and will not be attended with much expense; but if it should cost us all we are worth, it is better to pay it, and fight too, than suffer wrong; for, by resisting in the first instance, we prevent a repetition.
To indulge ourselves in comparing great things with small, nations like individuals must respect themselves to be respected by others; and we certainly are deficient in this particular when we permit ourselves to be treated in the manner the British and Spaniards are in the habit of indulging themselves in towards us. Emperors or Kings may commit an outrage, or pocket an insult, without the character of the nation they govern being affected; but it is shocking for a whole people to submit to a series of insult and violence. It is time to put a stop to these outrages. If we mean to continue a Sovereign people , we must have foreign sentiments , and be as tenacious of our honour as our freedom. LEONIDAS.
From the Albany Register.
WILLIAM EATON,
THE HIB. OR MODERN AMERICANUS. There are some anecdotes related of the General, which discover the loftiness of his mind under various circumstances.
Soon after his appointment to a captaincy in the U. S. army, he paid his addresses to an amiable young widow, (his present wife) who, though admiring the candor of the soldier and the merits of the man, could not grant her hand to his solicitations but upon condition of his leaving the army. Placed thus in the alternative of affection or of fame, the gallant young officer without hesitation which to prefer, to the tender proposition nobly replied, "Madam, I love you much, but I love glory more!" and with a bow retired to the camp. [The S. Journal.] In his very retreat, had launched an effectual arrow; and when our young hero rallied and in due time returned to the charge, the lady surrendered unconditionally.
In June, 1801, a magazine of the Bashiaw of Tripoli took fire, and consumed 50,000 stands of arms, to replace which the insolent pirate demanded tributes of arms from other nations, whom he flayed his friends. He observed that he had apportioned them amongst his friends, and required the United States to furnish him with 10,000 stand and requested consul Eaton to state his demand to the United States. The consul refused. He was required to write officially, in his own name, to the President for the arms, and refused—to draft a letter for the Bashiaw, and refused; and he peremptorily refused to condescend to write any thing countenancing or mentioning the demand. It was determined that resource should be had to menace, force, and every can of despotism, to bend the firm resolution of the consul, and for this trial he was ordered to appear before the Bashiaw. As he passed through the palace of the guards, he understood sufficient of their barbarous dialect and their conversation to learn, that unless he submitted to terms, he was to be assassinated. Between Mr. Eaton, the Bashiaw and the prime minister, an interesting and spirited dialogue ensued. The demands were renewed in various forms, but nothing could change or bow the determination and dignity of the American, who demanded his passports immediately, which the minister refused or hesitated to grant. Driven to the last honorable resort, and having apprehensions for the safety of his life from the anger and designs of the minister and Bashiaw, who, by a single flash or nod might have decided his fate—the consul, traversing the room with a quick, firm and open military step, assuming all the imposing majesty of conscious superiority, conscious rectitude, and undaunted courage, his countenance terrible as Mars, and his eyes glaring as living coals, were sternly fixed on the prime minister, and marked as a certain victim of his desperate fury, and laying his hand upon his sword, again demanded his pass. A palefaced and tremor seized his frame, too effeminate to withstand the bold language of an American and the awful appearance of an angry veteran, and turning to the Bashiaw, his master, requested that the American consul might receive his pass—which was instantly done. The consul returning through the streets, heard in all mouths, "the American consul is killed!" But Heaven and his valor had preferred the consul for other destinies.
The court language of Tripoli, is Italian. The dialect of the army and people, a mixture of Turkish, Morisco and other languages.
The following is the copy of a letter from WILLIAM EATON, Esq., to the Secretary of State of the United States, on this subject.
"TUNIS, 28th June, 1801."
"SIR, "On the night of the 18th inst. a fire broke out in the Bey's palace, which in its progress consumed fifty thousand stands of arms. The second day following I received a message to wait on the Bey, but was at that moment confined to my bed with a bilious fever, so that it was not till this morning I have been able to go in my carriage to the palace. The Bey's object in calling on me was to demand of the United States, ten thousand stands of arms. I refused to state his demand. "I have proportioned my loss," said he, "among my friends, and this falls to you to furnish. Tell your government to send them without delay." It is impossible, said I, to state this claim to my government. We have no magazines of small arms; the organization of our national strength is different from that of any other nation on earth. Each citizen carries his own arms always ready for battle. When threatened with an invasion or actually invaded, detachments from the whole national body are sent by rotation to serve in the field; so that we have no need of standing armies, nor depots of arms. It would be an affront to my government, and an imposition on the Bey, to state to them this demand, or to flatter him with a prospect of receiving it, "Send for them to France or England," said the minister. "You are in a much more eligible position to make this commission to Europe than we are, said I. "If the Bey had any intention of purchasing the arms from Europe," said the minister, "he could do it without your agency. He did not send for you to ask for your advice, but order you to communicate his demands to your government." And I came here, said I, to assure you that I will make no such communication to my government. "The Bey will write himself," said he. If so, it will become my duty to forward his letter, but at the same time it is equally obligatory upon me, to let the Bey be assured, apprized, that he never will receive a single musket from the United States. I should suppose a sense of decency, if not of gratitude, would dissuade the Bey from his new extravagant claim. Has he not within eighteen months received two large ships cargoes in regalia; have we not another ship laden for him on his passage; and has he not within sixty days, demanded cannon extraordinary, of the U. S. at this rate when are our payments to have an end. "Never," said the minister; "as to the ships you talk of, they are but the part payment of regalia you have long since owed us, as the condition of peace; the other claims we make are such as we receive from all friendly nations, once every two or three years; it is an established custom, and you, like others, will be obliged to conform to it." When we shall have completed the payment of our peace stipulations you may never calculate on further donations. It is my treaty considered as the conditions of a perpetual peace, and any new claims on your part, will be at least an infraction of the treaty, and will be so considered by us. You may therefore at once forever abandon the idea of future claims; for I again assure you, in the name of my government and country, that the discharge of our treaty obligations will put an end to our contributions here. "Your contributions, as you think proper to call them, said the minister, will never have an end. If this be the language you think of holding at this court, you may prepare yourself to leave the country, and that very soon." If change of style, on my part, said I, be the condition of residence here, I will leave the Bey's kingdom to-morrow morning. "We will give you a month," said the minister. "I ask but six hours, I replied. "But you will write." "No. "But it is your duty to write." For deficiency in duty this is not the place where I am to be questioned. "I tell you again, continued he, your peace depends upon your compliance with this demand of my master." If so, said I, on me be the responsibility of breaking the peace. I with you a good morning. Leaving the palace, I heard the minister say to one of his colleagues: "By God, that man is mad; but we shall bring him to terms, never fear." I don't know how this affair will end. I will not change my position. "I have the honor to be, Sir, "With perfect respect, "Your most obedient servant, "WILLIAM EATON. "Hon. Secretary of the United States."
WASHINGTON, Sept. 25.
DINNER TO CAPTAIN BAINBRIDGE GIVEN BY THE CITIZENS OF WASHINGTON.
BY 3 o'clock the company had collected, and at half past 3 the dinner was served up. CAPTAIN TINGEY and COLONEL WHARTON having been previously chosen President and Vice President for the day.
CAPTAIN BAINBRIDGE was handed by the officers appointed to the seat at the right hand of the chair; and CAPTAIN JAMES BARRON to that on the left. The other officers present and the citizens of Washington took their seats as convenient and without distinction. After dinner the following toasts were drunk, accompanied by music from the band of the Marine corps, and the elegant Italian band, arrived in the frigate President.
 1. The President of the United States. Air—"Jefferson's march."  2. The Vice-President of the United States. Patriotic air.  3. The Heads of Departments. Hail Columbia.  4. The Navy of the United States—Small in appearance, but great in execution. Yankee Doodle.  5. Commodore Samuel Barron—Re-Estoration of health to him—May he enjoy the congratulations of his countrymen, and long live to face our foes and compel honorable peace. Patriotic Air.  6. Men in captivity—May they never want generous friends who would die to relieve them. Air—"The Gally Slave."  7. Commodore Rodgers and the officers of the Mediterranean Squadron. Air—"Patriotic."  8. Captivity Triumphant—May the recollection of past sufferings be lost in the approving voice of the nation. At this toast Captain Bainbridge rose, and in a short but appropriate speech, returned thanks to the company in the name of himself and officers, on which the company gave 3 cheers. Song—"The sweet little cherub that sits up aloft, to take care of the life of poor Jack." Air—"Jenny's returned from Dover."  9. Captain Eaton—The man who had the abilities to plan, the preference to promote, and fortitude to establish the fame of the American character, in a land where it was scarcely known, in defiance of slavery or death. Air—"The battle."  10. May the powers of Barbary henceforward learn, as all Europe knew before, that, the threat of chains to Americans only inflames to victory. Air—"The Jons of Altenmack."  11. Lieutenant O'Bannon of the Marines, and Midshipman Mann—The heroes who first planted the American banners on the walls of Derne. Song and Air—"Hearts of Oak." 

12. Confucius (of Denmark) and Cidi Hamet Benengeli (of Tripoli)—The foreigners, who like the good Samaritan, owns every man in distress his neighbor. Air—Charity.  13. May we never lose a ship but in chase of the enemy. Patriotic Air.  14. Col. Lear —The patriotic pacifist, who effected an honorable peace with Tripoli.  15. Mediterranean Laurels —May America never want such hands to gather, nor such heads to wear them. Patriotic Air.  16. The Barbary of Tripoli —May he profit by the lectures he has received on the laws of Nations. Ob dear what can the matter be!  17. No chains but those of Love—no captivity but to the American Fair. With women and wine we defy every care.  The highest social order prevailed, and benignity dwelt upon every countenance. Several patriotic and other appropriate songs were interspersed with the toasts, and the company broke up at an early hour.
DANISH CONSUL'S OFFICE.  To prevent misapprehensions being entertained concerning the nature and execution of the new Quarantine regulations within the Danish European Dominions, which are established upon principles of facilitating commerce as much as possible, consistent with the end of any such regulation—the following limitations in regard to time, and specification of goods which are thought liable to carry infection, are hereby made public.   1. Vessels coming from any country under suspicion of being afflicted with contagious disease, but having bills of Health in perfect order, no dangerous goods, nor any sick at the time, or during the passage, and no recent communication with vessels from the Barbary coast, will have to perform a quarantine observation for four days.  2. Vessels under similar circumstances, but coming from an infected place, consequently without Bill of Health—14 days.  3. A vessel having a few dangerous goods on board, such as can be aired and purified on board, without unloading the cargo, coming from an infected place—40 days.  4. Such a vessel having many dangerous goods from an infected place, or having actual contagion or pestilential diseases on board must proceed to Christiaansand in Norway, there unload within the limits of the quarantine ground, and undergo the prescribed purifications during 40 days or longer, according to circumstances, where also such goods as are of a nature to carry infection will in this case be burned.  5. Vessels without a cargo or in ballast, from an infected place (or having had communication with a vessel from the Barbary coast) if thirty days have elapsed since and no sickness has appeared will perform a quarantine of 4 days, or as many more as there may be deficiency in the stated 30 days.   The following are considered dangerous, or liable to carry infection, viz.   Wool, Cotton, Silk, Ball, Hair, Feathers, Quills, Down, Flax, Hemp, Straw, Sponges, and all articles manufactured thereof; Paper, Books and Cordage which are untanned, &c.  Further, Hides, Skins, Peltry, Leather, Parchment, and all that is manufactured and composed of these materials.  Further, such animals as are clothed with wool, hair, bristles or feathers, as also their horns and bones in a raw state.  Also, Cochenille, rasped dye woods, and coals of every kind.   Not dangerous are estimated,   1. Grains of all kinds, viz. Wheat, buckwheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, &c. Pulse, peas, beans, &c. and Whatever is prepared and composed from grain, viz. Flour, groats, starch, bread, &c.  2. Beef, pork, fish, of every preparation; also, butter, cheese, lard, honey, other like nutriments and tallow.  3. Fruits of all kinds; also, coffee, cocoa, nuts, almonds, &c. Further, potatoes, roots, vegetables, &c.  4. Liquids, as water, oil, distilled Liquors and liquid preparations of different kinds.  5. Spices of all kinds, drugs, medicines, plants, tobacco, hops, and every article derived from, which has not already been excepted.  6. Wood and every thing dried or manufactured from it, excepting railed dye woods; coals ashes, gums, tar, &c.  7. China, potter's ware, metals of all kinds, (except coin) alum, vitriol, paints, brimstone, charcoal, &c. &c.   When goods, not liable to carry infection, are packed in dangerous articles, such as straw, then the whole is considered as dangerous until the package is separated from it.  Philadelphia, 21st Sept. 1805.
NEUTRAL COMMERCE.  781 vessels cleared out from St. Petersburg in, 1804, of which 335 were British, 65 Americans, 231 of other nations; 14 belonged to Salem, and brought 4575 pieces Ravens Duck, 4089 pieces Sheet ing, 6026 pieces fail Cloth; 3000 pieces Diaper; 1000 tons Iron; 546 tons clean, and 225 tons out shot Hemp; 100 tons Cordage, and 500 Calf Skins.
Extract of a letter from a respectable gentleman in London to his correspondent in Boston, dated Aug. 10, 1805.  "On Monday next (12 inst.) a Committee of the American Merchants will wait on the Ministers, respecting the detention of so many American vessels,—Mr. Munroe is to have an interview with Lord Mulgrave on Tuesday."  "No order has been given to detain as has been done. It is the decree in the case of the Effex Orme, which has occasioned the captures."
The election in Vermont has terminated in the re-election of Isaac Tichenor, Governor, & PAUL DINGMAN, Lieut. Governor, both Federal.
RAPPAPHANNOCK RACES.  ON Monday the 14th of October, will positively be run for over the Rappahannock Jockey Club course, the Sweep Stake—To this Race there are nine subscribers at 100 Dollars each (half forfeit.)  On Tuesday the day following, being the third Tuesday in October the Jockey Club Race will commence, the first days purse will be about four hundred and fifty Dollars, four mile heats.  On Wednesday, the second days purse will be two hundred and twenty Dollars, two mile heats; and on Thursday, the third days purse will be three hundred and thirty Dollars, three mile heats.  Immediately after the last days Race, an elegant Saddle and Bridle price Fifty Dollars, (by Mr. James Smock) will be run for by Saddle Horses one mile heats.  It is to be hoped that each member will be pointed in the payment of his subscription, so as to enable the subscriber to place into the hands of the judges the amount of each day's purse—in order to show the members the necessity of being punctual in the payment of their subscription, I beg leave to annex the 20th article of the Constitution.  "Article Twentieth. On the first day's race, in every year, the Secretary shall lay on the table, before dinner, a list of all such members as have not "paid up their subscription."  It is necessary to state the reasons which induced us to alter the time of our Races, the first alteration from the 29th to the 23rd was made to as not to interfere with the City Races; and the present date of Petersburg; thus for we have gone in accomodating those who may have a wish to be at all the Races.  By order of the President, HAZI EWOOD FARISH, Secretary and Treasurer. Fredericksburg, Oct. 4, 1805.
The Enquirer.  RICHMOND, 4th OCTOBER.  FOR THE ENQUIRER.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE SOURCES OF POLITICAL CALUMNY, UNDER REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRATIC FORMS OF GOVERNMENT, AND THE MOST EFFECTUAL ANTIDOTE TO THIS EVIL.  "Calumny has long been permitted to range the world at large, and fed its baleful mildew on the fairest flowers: It can show a very ancient title, and will not easily suffer for want."
When philosophers enumerate, when poets describe, and philanthropists deplore, the ills of life and the frailties of man; calumny always occupies a conspicuous place. The rankling tooth, the envenomed sting, the baleful mildew, every epithet or image expressive of pain or evil, have in all languages been selected to designate, figuratively, but forcibly, its malignant influence. It is not like many other evils, indifferent to the character of its victims, or, indiscriminate in its ravages. It is not like the king of terrors, impartial and universal in its visitations. From the powerful perpetrators of "memorable crimes," the successful usurpers and the triumphant conqueror, the Demon of calumny recoils with deference and dread. Touched by the regal sceptre, or the imperial purple, the snaky monster is transformed into the syren of adulation. Innocence, genius and virtue are its peculiar prey: The benefactors of mankind, and the ornaments of human nature, its selected victims. It is painful to reflect, but cannot be denied, that democratic and republican forms of government, notwithstanding their vast superiority over political institutions of an opposite character, have a peculiar tendency to widen the range and embitter the rancour of calumny. This tendency must be admitted, to arise partly from the very causes on which the ability & advantages of republican institutions, essentially depend: Thus the vampire and the adder, are bred and nourished by the genial influences that bring to maturity the most wholesome and delicious fruits. The equality of rights, founded on the subversion of hereditary power and abolition of the privileges of titled opulence; the short term during which delegated power is held and the consequently regular and rapid rotation in office, produce a constant succession of numerous competitors, for political elevation and distinction. The gradual subdivision of accumulated property by succession, alienation and marriage; the rapid diffusion of knowledge, by the establishment of schools, the perennial circulation of miscellaneous information in public prints, and the unhackled freedom of enquiry and communication, conspire to promote a progressive equalization of opportunities and conditions. Those monopolies and inequalities which neither the violence of revolution, nor the enlightened efforts of republican reformers and legislators, could safely abolish, are by the operation of these causes, gradually broken down. Thus the masses of ice, accumulated during the winter, melt away under the genial warmth of spring, and gladden the heart of the husbandman, who longed to behold these impediments to the renewal of his labours, dissolve into prolific moisture.
Hence, under popular governments the sphere of competition for public honours and emoluments is greatly enlarged; the number of competitors continually increasing, and the consequent ardour and emulation of rival candidates calculated to rouse (according to the character of the individual) every forid, noble or malignant passion. But the same cause, that multiplies candidates and animate their rivalry, diminishes the number and magnitude of the prizes, for which they contend. The sphere of delegated power is confined within narrow limits, precisely defined, and fortified by barriers, that cannot be overlapped with impunity. The number of offices is reduced, and all unnecessary honours and emoluments pruned away with a caution and parsimony, perhaps too jealous and rigid. Of the multitude, therefore, who are successively incited to become candidates for office and elevation, a great majority must be disappointed. When offices are conferred by popular suffrage, and executive appointment, on the persons best qualified to perform the duties they impose, those, whose pretensions are rejected, have no just ground for dissatisfaction or complaint. They ought, if animated by that patriotism and love of justice, (without which, the boasted and envied blessings of republican governments, are lifeless and tantalizing fictions) not only to acquiesce without a murmur, but even to rejoice. Is this a degree of disinterestedness, which it is unreasonable to require, or chemical to expect, from those who aspire to public trust and distinction, in a free country? Must we regard as a fable, the anecdote recorded of Demaratus? Must we class amongst romances, the history of Greece and Rome? Or, is the secret for rendering patriotism national and habitual, the only art, known to the ancients, which has escaped the scrutiny of Antiquarian research and the curiosity of modern invention?
Unless in the delegation of political power and trust by the people, and in the appointment to offices of emolument by the executive, the most deserving are preferred; unless the candidates are swayed by a principle of impartiality and patriotism, the consequences likely to result are no longer a subject of doubt or conjecture: They are written by the finger of experience, in legible characters: "He who runs may read them." A spirit of faction, calumny and discord will be excited, which, if it does not undermine the foundation of republican institutions, will disturb social intercourse, and give rise to the most odious immorality and the most fatal dissensions. The indignant consciousness of neglected merit, of violated right, (in persons otherwise disposed to indulge the most generous sentiments) will produce misanthropy and an aversion to the public service: Disappointed ambition will degenerate into envy of the successful candidate, and a disposition to misrepresent and blacken his character and actions: Wounded pride will rankle into inextinguishable hatred: Baffled intrigue and unmasked hypocrisy, will resort with desperate and remorseless malignity, to the most villainous artifices and the most diabolical defamation. Every institution established to secure equality of rights and liberty of action, will be liable to the most lamentable and licentious abuse.
Thus on deceitful Etna's flow'ry side, Unfading ardour glads the roving eye, If lift secret flames with unextinguish'd rage, Infatuate, on its burning entrails, prey, And melt its treacherous beauties, into RUIN.
To these evils, the bane of republics, there obviously exists no effectual antidote, within the reach or power of man, but a more extensive diffusion of correct and useful information. The operation of this cause, would probably, be radical and irresistible. Its effects altho' at first, gradual and imperceptible, will be constant, certain and ultimately grand and decisive. Its influence, although not like that of light, before whose bright and diffusive beams, darkness instantaneous vanishes, would operate like that genial heat, which silently penetrating the bosom of the earth, revives its fertility, cheers and invigorates every animated being and nourishes the luxuriant vegetation. It would communicate to the public mind a spirit of discernment and candour, which would qualify individuals periodically assembled to delegate political power, to appreciate with scrupulous accuracy and just with fairness and impartiality, the claims of rival candidates.  A more extensive diffusion of correct and useful knowledge, would strike at the root of these evils. Man is not necessarily and incurably depraved. Vice is never embraced as an end, but always reluctantly adopted as a means. A man of sound mind, would as readily submit to the amputation of a limb, for the sake of ensuring the operation, or swallowing a noxious drug, without the expectation or hope of promoting his recovery from sickness, as to the practice of vicious and detestable artifices, did he not deem them most likely to secure the success of the end he had in view.
As well might it be believed, that a man could amuse himself by the fabrication of his flesh, or that the shop of an apothecary could furnish materials for a delicious banquet, as that any form of vice or immorality should be an original source of gratification to a mind, conscious of its tendency. The amputation of a limb, or swallowing a noxious drug are operations not naturally more odious, nor productive of sensations originally more painful, than the practice of fraud, calumny and injustice. But when the ignorance and prejudices of the people expose them to be worked upon by such base artifices; when, by such means, those are enabled to steal into public confidence and get possession of public power, trust and treasure, who otherwise would never emerge from obscurity, can we wonder that vanity, avarice and ambition should silence the scruples of conscience & overcome, in selfish and unenlightened minds, their natural reluctance to these abominable practices? Like the beggars in China, who distort and torment their bodies, or swallow filth and noxious vermin, in order to procure alms from those who can be amused by so degrading a spectacle, persons conscious of not deserving the elevation to which they aspire, are stimulated by the hope of sharing the honours and emoluments of office and encouraged by general ignorance, to practise every mean and villainous art, in spite of shame and remorse, the dread of merited infamy and the probability of ultimate misery and ruin. Were the people better informed, the arts of calumny and misrepresentation and the kindred vices of flattery and treating, instead of being, (as in many instances they necessarily must be where the people are ignorant) the passports to popular suffrage, would become the infallible means of disappointing and disgracing those who practised them. The Arena of political competition would be speedily abandoned by weak and worthless candidates. Men of superior talents and incorruptible integrity, would alone, because they could alone, aspire with any hope of success, to the exercise of delegated power.
Candidates who should attempt to support their pretensions, by calumniating the characters, and depreciating the merits of their opponents, would be rejected with indignation and scorn. Such conduct would exhibit the clearest evidence, that they were not only unworthy of public confidence, but that they were the natural and proper objects of general disapprobation and distrust. The sincerest penitence, the most radical reformation, evinced by an uniform observance of the maxims of candour and justice for years, would scarcely be sufficient to restore them to public confidence: Whilst a perseverance in their former errors, would fix a stigma on their characters, indelible even by death. On the contrary, the candidate who asserted his pretensions with firmness but with fairness, who seemed anxious and even ambitious to obtain the suffrages of the majority, but at the same time manifested due deference for the merits of every respectable competitor; such a candidate, whether preferred or rejected, would retain the respect & esteem of his fellow citizens. At a popular election thus conducted, even a Timoleon or a Cato might, without degradation, present themselves as candidates and the pretensions of a Demaratus might again be rejected without injustice.
Where those who occupied the superior departments of government, discharged their high duties with fidelity and ability, where measures prompted by patriotism and planned by wisdom, were crowned with success, any attempt to misrepresent the motives or acts of their administration and blacken their private characters by calumny would excite the liveliest and most general indignation. Such calumniators would be regarded as enemies to their country. This indignation against them would be exasperated, by the admiration and gratitude which a great majority would feel for the distinguished patriots, into whose hands they had deliberately confided the guardianship of their liberties and who had so faithfully, ably and successfully discharged the momentous trust. Such calumnies would produce no other effect, if indeed they attracted any degree of attention, than to call forth louder plaudits of public applause, livelier tokens of national confidence and attachment. The editors of the public prints who gave currency to these calumnies, would be viewed with the same abhorrence, as the diabolical wretches, detected in the act of infusing a deadly poison, into wells and fountains. Men of genius, who should prostitute their talents, in vanishing these calumnies and masking the base form of the calumniator, would be regarded as no less criminal and detestable, than if they vendred arsenick aromatized and disguised, under the name and appearance of a delicious viand. Such editors and authors would be pursued by a public odium , more terrible and tormenting than the gibbet or the fluke: They would speedily feel themselves under the necessity of making a public and penitent confession of the falsehood of their calumnies and the vileness of their motives, or, of dragging out the remainder of their lives in impenetrable obscurity, the branded, unburied victims of detested falsehood and abhorred malignity.
Before the tribunal and under the eye of public opinion, thus piercing, inquisitive and impartial, the customary arts of defamation, now so successfully practised, would become even ludicrously impotent. The tricks of a juggler, could not be more despicable, tho' less detestable. In a society thus enlightened and improved, the voice of the people, might be called without impiety the "Voice of God." Their rulers, might without adulation, be called the "vicegerents of Heaven." Within the sound of this voice, in the presence of these vicegerents, the demon of calumny, would not transform himself into the syren of adulation: He would disappear for ever: His ideal and unsubstantial form, would dissolve into its original nothing.
If the preceding observations be accurate, the philanthropist may indulge the animating hope, that this deplored tendency of popular government to widen the rage and embitter the rancour of calumny, will in the progress of social improvement, encounter decisive counteraction. The afflicted patriot may consoled himself by reflecting that this opprobrium of republican government, proceeds from infirmities in the character and habits of a people recently emancipated, which a more diffused information, a more impartial participation of the benefits, a deeper insight into the principles and safeguards of popular government, will gradually eradicate. Meanwhile in speculating on a subject so difficult and interesting, it would be inexcusable to be dogmatical, and dangerous to indulge or inspire visionary expectations. That "sickness of the heart, that arises from hope deferred," is but a foretaste of the agonies we experience, when hope is irrevocably blasted and black despair takes possession of the soul. It is possible, that this deplored tendency may be interwoven with the essence of popular government: It may derive its origin from that essential evil and imperfection, with which every human blessing is necessarily adulterated: It may constitute a part of the price, which must be paid, of the perils, which must be encountered, to secure, the precious, inestimable boon of republican liberty.
Sept. 20.
VALERIUS.
* The fanciful analogy, between the irradiation of light and the diffusion of knowledge, which has passed from rhetorical declamations into the idiom of the vulgar, is unfounded and fallacious and in persons of sanguine tempers and loose imaginations, who frequent on the improvement of society, is probably a fruitful source of disappointment and mistake. It may not perhaps be useful to notice some remarkable & important differences in the operation of these great agents. Light diffuses itself with astonishing rapidity. Knowledge spreads more slowly. Light experiences no sensible resistance to the diffusion of its beams: The progress of knowledge, is impeded by innumerable obstacles to counteraction. Light is reflected with nearly equal energy and lustre from the surface of every object within the reach of its rays: Knowledge is distributed with the greatest imaginable inequality. Light, in reflecting light, external objects are purely passive: The acquisition of knowledge, on the contrary, is an operation essentially active, every faculty of the mind must be vigorously awakened and exerted, and this circumstance from the inertness of that indolence, which has been justly called "the mother-vice of man" constitutes one of the most formidable obstacles to its general and equal diffusion.
* That at this time, and in this country, it is practicable to procure an encrease of information amongst all classes of society, which at no distant period, would realize all the good effects I have anticipated, must be apparent to every person, who has attentively considered the situation and institutions of the American people. This subject cannot be too variously, clearly, frequently or forcibly illustrated. A man of genius, who should elucidate this subject in a manner sufficiently distinct, detailed and impressive, to bring its importance home to the business and bosoms of his fellow creatures, would confer a boon more desirable than the discovery of the famed Elixir; he would render liberty immortal, & more precious than the Heimliche Secret ; he would show how a nation wholesome which is better than gold and pure for every individual what gold cannot purchase . "A confidence void of offence." Men would be induced, if not by profession, & in practice, for they would, "go about doing good." They would be true brethren, for "They would love their neighbours as themselves." The misfortune is, that the benefits which would result from an encrease of general information, although unspeakably important and almost mathematically certain, are not sufficiently gross and immediate, to rouse the activity of selfish nations. They are too much awakened by distance and diffusion, even to strike the eye of that well-intentioned but short-sighted partialism, that satisfies itself with guarding for a season political rights from encroachment and the people from oppression. Alas! they are reckless,
"Of the sweeping whirlwind's sway, That hush'd in grim repose, expects his evening prey"
FACTS & FALSHOODS.
Some federal witting of the north has pretended to insinuate, that Mr. Jefferson addressed a penitential letter to Benedict Arnold, whilst he was making his incursions in Virginia, apologizing for his rebellion, and praying to be received once more into the protection and favor of the King of G. Britain. This letter, if there be any of that any of that or of a similar import in existence, is declared to be a palpable forgery.
It is a fact, which we have already published in the Vindication of Mr. J. that he indignantly rejected the proposition made by the British detachment at Westham, for ransoming Richmond. It is even a fact, within the memory of some few contemporaries of that day, that Mr. Jefferson actually proposed to the Executive Council, to offer a considerable reward, for the apprehension of the traitor.
It is not a fact, that Edward Livingston, once attorney of the district of New-York, did obtain possession of that letter in Canada, and employ it as an instrument of terror for extorting the office of district attorney from the administration. If such a letter be in existence; and if it was employed for such a dishonourable purpose; why does not this mysterious federalist produce the one and prove the other?
It is a fact, that the defalcation of Edward Livingston has been completely set aside by the responsibility of his securities; it is at the same time, probable that the late speculations of this defaulter at New-Orleans, may enable him in his turn to relieve his securities. The statement, which we have already published from the Aurora on this subject, appears to be substantially correct.
We shall not republish an Essay agreeably to request which appeared in the last Virginia Gazette, purporting to be a real defence of Mr. Jefferson's character, because we believe that Essay to be the production of an insidious and inexorable foe to the man whom he professes to vindicate.
Because that author boldly brings forward assertions in the very face of documents and certificates, which have just been published, and which no man can controvert. For instance, he accuses Mr. Jefferson of resigning the office of Governor, and retiring from the theatre of action, because he was unwilling to meet its dangers; when it is a fact well known to the readers of the late Vindication, that Mr. Jefferson did not resign his office, and that he declined a reappointment not from the influence of fear, but from a wish of meeting a threatened impeachment.
Because our readers are sufficiently fatigued with the repetition of this subject; and the author who has now taken up the pen, appears to threaten the readers of the Gazette with a long, tedious and unauthenticated discussion.  The reader will discover by the preceding columns that no order has been issued by the British Cabinet for the detention of our vessels, but that their cruiser have acted upon the decision lately given by the Vice-Admiralty Court in the case of the Effex. It appears therefore that by the constitution of England, an admiralty judge is empowered to make the law, and a law too, which may so deeply affect the interests of other nations, as to expose his own country to the risk and calamities of a war. What a most "Rupendous monument of human invention!"  Captain Williams, who left Gibraltar on the 23d of August and arrived at Salem on the 23d of September, informs, that Lord Nelson was reported to have touched at Ferrol, 2 days before the combined fleets, and not finding them there, had gone back to Newfoundland, in quest of them. The combined fleets having a few days after the action formed a junction at Ferrol with the squadron in that port, failed for Cadiz, where they had arrived, 20 in number, and with 5 ships in that port, formed a fleet of 25 sail of the line. This intelligence was received at Gh. 8 hours before capt. W. failed, together with a further account, that the Carthagena squadron of 8 sail of the line, had arrived at Malaga, 20 leagues only from Gibraltar, on the way to join them. He was told by the A. Consul and others at Gibraltar, that a WAR between Spain and the U. S. was inevitable, and that Mr. Pinckney was expected at Tangier every moment.
From the 2d No. of the AMORISTATES GRAPHIC, now in the press, at the office of the Enquirer.  IMPORTANT FACT IN ZOOLOGY, BY WHICH IT APPEARS THAT THE MAMMOTH WAS AN HERBIVOROUS ANIMAL.
Supposing every one of our readers already acquainted with the leading circumstances in the natural history of the Mammoth, that wonder of the animal kingdom, whose gigantic remains have been found for a number of years past, and still are frequently discovered, particularly in Siberia, and North-America, we shall forbear to expatiate in this place on the subject of that most curious incongruum. Suffice it to observe that the discovery of such enormous remains has given birth to various fables, conjectures, and theories. Among rude nations, ignorance and credulity have eagerly embraced and perpetuated extravagant tales respecting the Mammoth. The Siberians assert that it lives under ground; and our North-Western Indians have hurled against it the thunderbolts of the Great Spirit, so as to make the monster spring over the Wabash, the Illinois, and the great Lake, where it is now confined. In the Scientific world, two dissimilar principles, Scepticism, and the bold Spirit of conjecture and system have produced mistakes, perhaps, no less extraordinary. At first, the remains alluded to were by some Naturalists attributed to the Elephant, whilst others advocated the just claim of the hippopotamus to the same. When, in process of time, the light thrown on the subject by comparative anatomy determined that they must have belonged to a huge non-descript animal distinct from either, a doubtful point still existed, and invited the attention of the inquisitive. "Was that animal carnivorous, or herbivorous?" Each side of the question long boasted illustrious supporters. A celebrated English anatomist, Dr. Hunter, was, at length, induced by the form and composition of the teeth, to declare the unknown animal carnivorous. His opinion became mostly prevalent. By some, however, who were unwilling entirely to abandon a favourite idea, it was contended that the Mammoth was an animal of the mixt kind, that is, capable, like man, the Monkey, the hog &c. of feeding both upon flesh and upon vegetable substances. Others, on the contrary, adopted, without any modification, Hunter's idea, and declared the Mammoth positively and exclusively carnivorous. After the decision of that point, which now appeared scarcely to admit of a doubt, curiosity and investigation were excited by another topic of enquiry. This was to ascertain the element on which the Mammoth used to live. In general, it has been considered by Naturalists as a terrestrial animal. Some, however, from certain indications in its structure, have pronounced it amphibious; nay, conjecture has gone so far as to assign to it a favourite kind of animal food. According to Mr. Rembrandt Peale [See literary magazine for January, 1804] it chiefly lived on shell-fish.
There is a rational scepticism justly recommended by the great Bacon to the lovers of knowledge. Philosophical doubt ought to be carried into every department of science. Repeated experiments, accumulated facts, long and attentive observations can alone imprint on our theories the sacred seal of truth, and establish our opinions on a permanent basis.
The fact contained in the following communication strongly, we might say victoriously, militates against the carnivorous doctrine. Of this more hereafter. The Skeleton and the materials found within it are to be lodged and preserved in Wm. and Mary College. We may, then, give a representation of the same, and treat at large this interesting subject.
We cannot, however, dismiss the subject without paying to the learned Bishop Madison the just homage which his indefatigable zeal in the cause of science merits. To that gentleman natural history will be indebted for the preservation of a fact so important and so satisfactory. It is a new, and, certainly, a very valuable service rendered by him to the votaries of solid knowledge. We hope that he will not stop at a communication of the fact itself, but that he will, with his usual sagacity, analyze this interesting discovery, and communicate his conclusions to the world. The result of his last summer-tour was a very judicious and philosophic paper respecting the pretended antiquities and fortifications in the Western country, which may be seen in the last vol. of the Transactions of the Amer. Philos. Society . The present subject is equally worthy of his attention: another error is to be dispelled; and truth does not possess a more active friend.
"Facts, says Mr. Madison, summon the discordant opinions of philosophers before an unerring tribunal, from which there can be no appeal. The question, whether the Mammoth was a carnivorous or an herbivorous animal, has long divided naturalists; ingenuity, supported by analogy, afforded specious arguments for either opinion. One fact, which the bosom of nature had concealed, but which human industry has recently brought to light, has removed every doubt. In digging a well, in a place which afforded indications of marine salt, a passage was made through the contents of the stomach of that vast animal. The novelty of the substance, thus found, excited attention. They were carefully examined, and seem to be half-masticated reeds, and twigs of trees with grass; whilst the bones of the Mammoth which were dug up at the same time, and which lay contiguous to these substances, evinced that they had been the contents of that animal. These contents are in a state of entire preservation: have been seen by hundreds, and were found, together with the bones, resting upon a lime-stone rock, about five and a half feet under ground, in the county of Wythe, in Virginia. A part of the contents, with the whole skeleton, are to be forwarded to Wm. and Mary College."
September 23d, 1805.
The lectures in the College of William and Mary commence as usual, on the third Monday in October.  TO STUDENTS OF WILLIAM & MARY.  ANDERSON has just opened at the Post Office, Williamsburg, a very extensive assortment of Books, Globes, Maps, and other literary objects. The importation has been made with a direct view to the subjects of the lectures, and together with a variety of miscellaneous literature, comprehends all the most valuable works made use of, or referred to, during the course.  MARSHAL'S SALES.  TO BE SOLD, for ready money, in pursuance of a decree of the court of the United States, for the fifth circuit in the Virginia district, between Phineas Bond, attorney for the creditors of Ezekiel Edwards and David Ross, and other defendants, in order to raise the sum of 4209 dols. 26 cents, with the expenses of sale, a number of very valuable slaves now at the Oxford Iron Works. The sale will take place at the said Works, on the 16th day of November next.  BENJ. MOSBY, D. M. for JOSEPH SCOTT, M. V. D. (epts.)  October 4.

Miscellaneous.
[There are perhaps few of our readers, who have not heard of the excellent effect of Iron Railways in diminishing the friction and improving the condition of roads. The following experiment from a late London paper is well calculated to illustrate this advantage, and to infuse into our own countrymen the spirit of imitation.]
From a London Paper.
Extraordinary Feat of a Draught Horse.
An unparalleled instance of the power of a horse when assisted by art, was shown near Croydon, on Wednesday last. The Surrey Iron Railway being completed, and opened for the carriage of goods all the way from Wandsworth to Merstham, a bet was made between two gentlemen, that a common horse could draw thirty-five tons for six miles along the road, and that he should draw this weight from a dead pull, as well as turn it round the occasional windings of the road. Wednesday last was fixed on for the trial; and a number of gentlemen assembled near Merstham to see this extraordinary triumph of art. Twelve wagons loaded with stones, each wagon weighing above three tons, were chained together, and a horse taken promiscuously from the timber yard of Mr. Haraseed, was yoked into the team. He started from near the Fox Public-house, and drew the immense chain of wagons with apparent ease to near the Turnpike at Croydon, a distance of six miles, in one hour and 41 minutes, which is nearly at the rate of four miles an hour. In the course of this time he stopped four times, to show that it was not by the impetus of the descent that the power was acquired—and after each stoppage he drew off the chain of wagons from a dead pull. Having gained his wager, Mr. Bankes, the gentleman who laid the bet, directed four more loaded wagons to be added to the cavalcade, with which the same horse again set off with undiminished power; and still further to show the effect of the Railway in facilitating motion, he directed the attending workmen, to the number of about fifty, to mount on the wagons, and the horse proceeded without the least distress, and in truth, there appeared to be scarcely any limitation to the power of his draught. After the trial, the wagons were taken to the weighing machine, and it appeared that the whole weight was as follows:
Table with 4 columns: Wagon, Cwt., Qu. Tons. It lists 12 wagons and their total weight.
This very surprising instance of the value of Iron Railways cannot fail of making a lively impression on every man who is desirous of the improvement of his country, for it is a means of improvement which belongs peculiarly to Great-Britain. The bowels of the island are filled with the proper materials for their construction; the expense may be calculated beforehand to a fraction; and they are productive neither of damage nor of inconvenience to the surrounding country. In the particular instance of the Surrey Iron Railway the benefits to the public will be incalculable. The declivity during the six miles where this feat was performed, is only one quarter of an inch in a yard; and yet so bad is the line of country for carriage, that without the Railway the same horse could not have drawn one ton weight for the same distance in three hours! Now, however, all the riches with which the Surrey Hills abound will be opened to the country, and they are of a truly valuable kind. Merstham Hills are full of that rich grey chalk from which the finest lime is made, and which will no doubt, on account of its comparative cheapness be now introduced into common use. Its character is, that it will take five or six bushels of washed Thames sand to one bushel of the lime, and the mortar thus made will become indissoluble either in the wet or the dry. We have seen a trial made of it, where after a single fortnight, a block of brick work was riven asunder by gunpowder, and the separation was observed to have taken place in the body of the brick, not in the joints of the work. It is the strongest of all the common cements, and it has properties which render it truly valuable for damp situations. The dry-rot is now known to be a vegetable which grows in moist confined air, and white chalk lime made up as it frequently is with road-stuff, and coming into contact with green wood or ill-burnt bricks, affix this pernicious vegetation and undermines the building. Grey or stone lime is the surest preservative against this evil, and ought invariably to be used in foundations. The expense will be less than that of common chalk, eliminating it by the work it will do, for one bushel of white chalk lime will only take one bushel of sand—whereas one bushel of grey lime will take five bushels of sand—to that the quantity of mortar for use is as three to one, and the first expense of the lime is not double. A hundred of white lime we believe cost 10s. and a hundred of grey lime which will go three times as far, will come under twenty shillings to any part of the town. It has the advantage also of setting in a few minutes, and if worked with hot water it may be used in the severest frost. The quantity in the Surrey Hills is inexhaustible.
The hills also abound with white chalk, with flints for the manufacture of porcelain, and full more for the highways. The manner in which the foundation of the railway has been made, by a composition of white chalk and flints, pounded, watered, and rolled with a small sprinkling of gravel on the top, will show the commissioners of the roads near London how they may mend their ways; and the Railway will furnish them with the materials at the cheapest rate.
There are also inexhaustible quarries of beautiful stone at Merstham, upon which few mills will forthwith be erected—the stones will be hewn to any desired form; and rendered, we hope, for the purpose of building, as cheap or cheaper than the Ipswich brick, or the Roman cement. The mines of Fuller's earth will also be worked at a much cheaper rate than heretofore; and the immense quantity of produce thus to be brought down the Railway, will induce the persons employed in the trade to carry up coals, manure, and goods of all kinds at a very low rate, as they must otherwise return up empty. They are now ready to deliver coals at 7s. per chaldron under the price charged by the common conveyance, the consumer saving his own kind of coal, and having the pool measure.
This work has been thus completed in less than four years, and it will from this day become a productive concern.
FROM A LATE LONDON PAPER.
REMARKABLE DEATH.
Lately died, at his apartments, near Westminster-Hall, Mr. Sisson, third son of Mrs. Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great-Britain and Ireland. For several years past, the family of Mr. Sisson, like the Persian kings, never made any foreign matrimonial alliances; without doubt, to keep their patrimony in their own hands. The immediate predecessor of the present Mrs. Parliament, however, having intrigued with an Irish neighbor, it was thought advisable to make an honest woman of the lady, and an Union took place. The late Mr. Sisson, of course was of the first generation of those who had any Irish blood in their veins, and he soon showed his breed. Upon his entrance into life, he gave promise of some hard battles, and all the world expected to hear soon of his thrilling the Corrican Prize-fighter to a mummy. The Emperor of Russia having declined becoming his second, and the Emperor of Germany his bottle-holder, the expected fight did not take place, and the hope of it gradually died away. In this situation, he turned his attention to his domestic affairs, which were in many respects much out of order. A French banditti had for several months threatened to invade his premises, and murder all his tenants. This threat had induced
produced nothing more than an appeal to the tardy assistance of his neighbors, and afterwards a distinct call upon the parish thereby making his fair estate a parish charge. A Colonel, indeed, complained bitterly of mismanagement in this particular, as evidence of which, he instanced the case of the care of the House being given to a cook, instead of a regular watchman. The Colonel, however, seems to forget that Charles XII. of Sweden that great warrior, knighted his cook, after the famous battle of Poltava, and raised him to high military honors; and nothing is more common, than to find officers of the highest rank and dignity among Grooms of the Bed-chamber, and Grooms of the Bed-chamber.
Mr. Sisson was shortly after seized with a religious fit, and all the world gave out that he was going to turn Puff. There is not a doubt but that he was almost half inclined to enter into a communication with the church of Rome; that it was till after two nights of anxious debate with himself that he determined to renounce the Pope and all his works. Another circumstance which gave Mr. Sisson a great deal of trouble, and cost him many a night's rest, was the misconduct of a favourite Scotch servant. This was a very ingenious man, of the name of Dundas, who used to amuse the family with fire works, catamarans, and Rose expeditions. Mr. Sisson was informed that this man had lent out his master's money to the parish clerk, for the purpose of discounting bills; and even a suspicion was entertained that some of it stuck in his pocket. This discovery gave him great uneasiness, and he struggled to long between regard for the servant and a sense of duty, that it was not until all the neighbors began to cry out shame, that he consented to relinquish him to his fate and suffer the law to take its course. Mr. Sisson had a very busy life while he lasted, but like all other mortals, he brought into this world the causes of his departure from it. From the very first hour of his existence he labored under a flatulency, or windy disorder; of a very inveterate nature. It generally seized him every day at 4 o'clock, just after he had said his prayers, according to his custom, and it has been known to continue till one, two, and frequently three o'clock in the morning. Except a while at Whitson and Easter last, we have scarcely remembered him two successive days without a return of this shocking disorder. Besides this, he was also afflicted with a violent complaint in his bowels. Indeed the whole family of the Sissons have been constitutionally inclined to this disease; but, in the case of the deceased, we are assured that it was much aggravated by the treatment of the doctor. He is said to have managed his patient unskillfully, and not to have prepared him as he ought for his dose. Some, indeed, go so far as to assert a jealousy between the attending physicians, and attribute to their opposition to each other much of the irritation, restlessness, and fever, in which he passed his days. It is allowed, however, upon all hands, that neither of these complaints killed him. What is not a little extraordinary, although he had the command of the national purse, he actually died for want of sustenance. The old adage "a willful waste makes a woeful want," was never more forcibly exhibited than by his example. He has been known to devour at a sitting as much as would serve the portion of the parish for his whole life. Indeed the length and number of his bills show pretty clearly how he spent his time. Notwithstanding all his profusion, he became literally so much reduced that, upon a late consultation of the faculty upon the proper mode of treating the Scotch servant to whom we have alluded, he actually ate his own words. There was not a single article upon his table the day he died; his body, which used to be so full, was empty and his members, upon whose manly and robust make, he used to plume himself, had almost dwindled away. He was reduced
"Into the lean and flippant pantaloons— Sans teeth, fans eyes, fans tale, fans every thing." The life of Mr. Sisson, although not distinguished by any brilliant achievements, was eminently useful to the country. He provided amply for the army and the navy, without subjecting himself to the suspicion of prodigality, except in the instance of a Noble Duke, to whom he granted a dower, in consideration of an advantageous purchase from his grace of the life of man, made by one of Mr. Sisson's ancestors. Indeed, the family have, from time to time innumerable, plumed themselves upon the prudent and economical use of the public money, over which they have frequently boasted that they kept a tight hand. They have been also remarkable for their eloquence; a quality in which the late Mr. Sisson did not yield to the most celebrated of his family. His speeches upon the war with Spain, upon the military defence of the country, upon the repeal of Mr. Pitt's Defence Bill, upon the Abolition of the slave trade, upon the Test Act, upon the State of the Nation, but, above all, upon the Catholic Question, will go down to posterity with those of Cicero and Demosthenes. No act of his life, however, redounds so much to his honor, as the sacrifice of his feelings to his duty in the case of the servant, whose misconduct have we noticed. The whole family of the Sissons have been charged by their enemies as servile, venal, and corrupt. The late Mr. Sisson proved on that occasion, that the charge is a foul calumny, and that his bosom glowed with all the force and fire of that virtue. That one act would be sufficient to transmit his name with honour, gratitude, and respect, to the latest posterity. The death of Mr. Sisson had been expected for several days. Few of his ancestors have been consigned to the grave with so little pomp and solemnity. In most cases of a demise in the family, even myself itself has condescended to perform the funeral service in person; but, upon the late occasion the Lord Chancellor acted both as clerk and parson, read the funeral prayer, and said amen. Our readers will be surprised to hear that this same Mr. Sisson, so wise, so active, and so eloquent, was not seven months old, being born in January last; that though so young, he could speak so well, and had spirit enough to give his tutor, Mr. Pitt, more than once, a slap in the face.
M. Lussac, in his late Eserotic voyage, when at the height of 21,487 feet, filled a glass vessel with the air of that elevation, and another 800 feet higher; and on his return to Paris this air was carefully analysed and proved to be identically the same with the air obtained in the court yard of the Polytechnic school. The experiments of Messrs. Cavendish, Macartny, Berthollet and Davy, had previously established, that the composition of the atmosphere is the same all over the surface of the earth; and M. Lussac, supported by the experiments of Messrs. Sandu on the Col du Geant and on the summit of Mont Blanc, has now proved that the atmosphere is the same at the greatest height to which we can ascend as on the surface of the earth. Lond. pap.
KINE POCK.
We hear that Dr. Jenner is engaged in collecting reports from the different States of Europe, and many of the other quarters of the globe, respecting the effects of Vaccine Inoculation on the mortality occasioned by the Small-Pox. In several of the largest cities on the Continent, we are informed that he has already received the pleasing intelligence of the Small-
Pox being either nearly or totally subdued. Among them is Vienna. But how melancholy is the reflection, that while the great and populous city of Vienna, which for time immemorial, has been subjected to the incessant ravages of the Small-Pox, exhibited two deaths only by that disease in the year 1804, the city of London should even at this moment have to deplore the untimely fate of near fifty persons weekly by this horrid pestilence; a pestilence which, it is obvious, from this and other similar examples, might not only be speedily banished from the metropolis, but from every part of the British Empire. Lon: Pap.
LITERARY SELECTIONS.
FOR THE UNITED STATE'S GAZETTE.
From the Philosophical Magazine.
Experiments to ascertain the value of different fleeces in curing the sinew in wheat, and promoting its growth. By Mr. B. Bevan.
The following table exhibits the results in a set of experiments made principally with a view to ascertain the value of different fleeces in curing the sinew in wheat, and promoting its growth; with twelve samples of good wheat A, and twelve samples of very mummy B; each sort steeped in twelve different solutions of substances most easily to be procured.
Table with 6 columns: Solutions in which the Wheat was steeped 24 hours, Specific gravity of steep, Number of Smutty grains per bushel, Bushels of good wheat per acre, Cwt. of straw per acre. It lists 14 different solutions and their effects on wheat growth.
The wheat was sown in rows in Lighton field, Bedfordshire, on a sandy soil mixed with little or no calcareous matter, and is but indifferent land for bearing wheat. Neither of the samples that were steeped in solution of nitric acid came up, except one or two single corns; and which, whether by having more room, or receiving but a less degree of stimulus, grew extremely luxuriant. The same fleeces were tried with barley, and found the same effect from the nitric acid, as not a single one came up.
BELL TAVERN—APOTHECARY SHOP.
Doctor WILLSON, has just received from Philadelphia and New-York, where he has personally laid in a general supply of
MEDICINES,
List of medicines including Peruvian Bark, Jalap, Calomel, Ipecac, Rhubarb, Magnesia, Camphor, Arrow Root, Anderson's Pills, Bateman's Drops, Aqua Fortis, British Oil, Cephalic Snuff, Church's Cough Drops, Daffy's Elixir, Dalley's Carminative, Gowland's Lotion, Godfrey's Cordial, Greenough's Tincture, for the Teeth & Gums, Haerlem Oil, Hooper's Female Pills, Iffu Plasters, James's Fever Powders, Jesuit's Drops, Milk of Roses, Nankem Dye, Squire's Elixir, Steer's Opodeldoc, Stoughton's Bitters, Tooth Powder, Flea Bites, Court Plaster, Fig Blue, Spanish Indigo, Gold Leaf, Silver Leaf, Logwood, Lip Salve, Windflower Soap, Walnut Balls, Copal Varnish, White Varnish, Spirits of Turpentine, Camphine, Drop Lake, Dutch Pink, Flake White, King's Yellow, Ivory Black, Litharge, Red Lead, White Lead, dry and ground in Oil, Walnut Oil, Patent Yellow, Prussian Blue, Rose Pink, Blue Smalts, Spanish Brown and Yellow Ochre, dry and ground in Oil, Terra-oe-Sienna, Turkey Umber, Venetian Red, Verdigris, Vermilion, Spanish Whiting, Linseed Oil, &c. &c. &c.
The above articles are warranted to be of the best quality—Regular attention and fair prices.
Physicians, or those who buy to retail, will perhaps find it to their account to call and examine. August 30. (P. ft.)
WILLIAMSBURG RACES.
ON Wednesday the 30th October, will be run for over the Williamsburg Course, The Jockey Club Purse of Four hundred Dollars, four mile heats. The day following, The Proprietor's Purse of Two Hundred Dollars, two mile heats.
WEIGHTS AS FOLLOWS:
Table with 2 columns: Aged Horses, years old. It lists weights for different ages of horses.
Mares and geldings allowed 3 lbs. August 29, 1805.
Subscribers to the Williamsburg Jockey Club are desired to pay the amount of their subscription money to Robert Anderson, the Treasurer, on or before the first day of October next.
By Order of the Club, JAMES SEMPLE, Sen'r. Sec'y. September 6. F1300
NOTICE. ALL persons having claims against the estate of Benjamin Crenshaw, dec'd of Goochland county, are requested to bring them forward properly authenticated, on or before the first day of December next; otherwise this advertisement will be pled in bar against all claims exhibited after that date, as the subscribers are desirous of closing their executors accounts as soon as possible. BERNARD SIMS, REUBEN CRENSHAW, Executors. Sept. 6. (Fst)
TO BE RENTED,
MY HOUSE and LOT, upon Stockade-Hill, in an airy pleasant situation. For terms, apply to Mr. Samuel Mc-Craw, who is fully authorized by me, to treat for the same, or to the subscriber. William Mann. August 30. (F ft.)
HUGH J. CRAWFORD,
HAS just received per the ship Planter, Captain Booth, from London, his Fall supply of DRUGS & MEDICINES, which being laid in under his own immediate inspection, the quality may be depended on; and having purchased with cash, he is enabled to dispose of them on the most moderate terms. ALSO;
London White Lead, g'd Copal Varnish, in oil, Prussian Blue, Spanish Brown, do. Patent Yellow, Yellow Ochre, do. Verdigris, Paint Brushes of all sizes, Stone Ochre, Red English Glue, Venetian Red, Gold and Silver Leaf, King's Yellow, &c. He has for sale, a few bottles Virginia Caster Oil, of the same quality as that lately sold at Dr. Cringan's. Sept. 20. Oaw34a
BENJAMIN STETSON,
INFORMS his friends and the public in general that he has for sale, 400 gallons Holland's Limed Oil, White Lead and Spanish Brown ground in Oil, Patent Green ground in ditto. Verdigris and Spanish Brown, dry; 8 by 10 Window Glass, & Putty; 24, 34, 44, 64, 84, 104, and 204 Nails, two Casks Spike Nails, Bar Iron, German and Buttered Steel; general assortment of Iron Hollow Ware; 10theds, Molasses, French Brandy, West-India and New-England Rum, Tea, Coffee, Loaf and Brown Sugar, Chocolate, Meats, line and coarse Shoes, Ladies Kid & Morocco and Leather Slippers; 8 Boxes Cotton and Wool Cards assorted; half pint and quart Tumblers, small invoice elegant cut glass, stone ware, German Ozenburgs, 30facs Salt, Novacoria Grind Stones, and many other articles in store, which he will sell cheap for cash or country produce. April 2. (1aw12m.)
BENJAMIN DU VAL,
AT THE SIGN OF THE GOLDEN MORTAR RICHMOND, HAS just received a very large and extensive assortment of fresh MEDICINES, SURGEON'S INSTRUMENTS, DRUGS and DYE-STUFFS, PAINTS of all kinds, OIL, VARNISHES, PUTTY, &c.
HATTERS' MATERIALS,
Consisting of Hatters' Irons, Crude Tartar, Logwood, Baton Irons, Copperas, Bow-Strings, Virdegreafe, Linings, Fultick, Galoons, Spanish Indigo, Taffet Bands, Oil of Vitriol, Rubbing Dishes, Aq. Fortis, Stampers, Quicksilver, Trenchers, &c.
Which added to his former stock, completes an assortment that was never equalled in his line of business, in this city.
He thanks his customers for past favors, and hopes to merit a continuation of their custom. His former attention to the quality of his Medicines, importing them in their crude state, that he might be able to judge of their quality, and powdering, and preparing them under his immediate inspection, have contributed to his present establishment; and opposition he presumes will not relax his exertions to give general satisfaction in future.
His experience for more than 12 years past, as Apothecary and Druggist in this city, added to a small stock of Medical information acquired before, enables him, he thinks, to form a tolerably correct judgment as to the quality of Drugs and Medicines, although he cannot boast of honors conferred on him, greater than the confidence of numerous and respectable customers.
In regard to his wholesale prices, he promises to furnish each of his wholesale customers with a printed price current, as soon as possible, and feels himself confident in their approbation, knowing that no one in this state can afford to under-sell him. This he intends to do, not to get others' customers from them, but to secure his own. Any articles that may be ordered, and not approved of as to quality, may be returned if in good order, and in a reasonable time. June 7. (3w&ft)
NEAL NELSON,
BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND.
MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern of fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use.
Imported BOOTS and SHOES, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale. Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as they were on the spot.
A—the length of the Boot—C—round the Calf—B—the pitch of ditto—D—round the heel and instep—E—round the middle—G—across the ball of the foot. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—let down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. January 1. ept
GEORGE WILY,
BROKER & COMMISSION MERCHANT, Near the Basin.
BUYS and sells all kinds of Produce—Also, Lands, Lots, and houses, Bank Stock, &c. He has for Sale, LOTS No. 141, 2, 3, and 4, which make one entire square in Du-Val's addition—There is a good Spring attached to them. These lots are well worth the attention of any gentleman wishing to build a summer retreat for his family. July 23. tf.
PICKLING VINEGAR.
GROCERS, Tavern-Keepers and Private Families may be supplied with VINEGAR of a very superior quality, by the barrel, gallon or less quantity and at an uncommonly low price by
HART & SOUTHGATE. Opposite the State House. August 16. ep2w&1awtf.
NOTICE.
A Petition will be presented to the General Assembly of Virginia, at the next session, praying that an act may pass to incorporate a company for the purpose of cutting a Canal on the fourth side of the Falls of James River, or otherwise improving the navigation of the river for the passage of Batteaux; and also for the establishment of a Bank in the town of Manchester. August 13. (epm1.)
FOR SALE,
FOR SALE ON PRIVATE CONTRACT, GREEN-WAY; the seat on which I now reside, including Mons-Sacer, & the Court-House Tenement, containing in all 1200 acres of fertile land, with a farm (reserving one acre of consecrated ground). The whole is bounded by two navigable creeks, emptying into James River before the door of forming a bay, therefrom 1400 yards only—35 miles to Peterburg by water, 30 to Richmond by land and 28 to Williamsburg. The Court-House Tenement has on it a large enured Tavern, with six rooms; one of which is 32 feet by 20 in length and breadth; all in the middle and used for entertainment and a fine Well of water, dry houses, a good garden the use of a commercial business, which are now occupied to advantage in that line. This is an excellent place for flock, fish and fowl in their season; and enough of corn, wheat & oats may be made by common industry for the consumption of the Tavern. This Tenement has 200 acres of land annexed to it, and rents for £100 a year. GREEN-WAY contains 500 acres well improved. On it, is a genteel well finished dwelling house, containing six rooms; all well-coated, chair board high, with fine dry cellars, the full length of the house, which is 56 feet: also every other building which a reasonable person could with or desire, to wit: a handsome study, Store House, Kitchen, Laundry, Dairy, Meat House, Spinning House and an Ice House, within the Curtilage, a Barn 34 by 34 feet, two granaries, two Carriage Houses, 20 stalls for horses, a granary for house servants, a handsome Octagon Pig-sty, a well of water, (so excellent that I can drink it with delight after returning from a mountain circuit) a large fertile garden abounding with a great variety of shrubs, herbs and beautiful flowers, well enclosed. The buildings new and well covered with shingles. MON-SACER contains five hundred acres more or less, on which is a neat small dwelling, a mill begun on a never-failing stream, one mile from James River and emptying itself therein. This farm is remarkably level and highly improvable, is in a fine settlement for wheat and timber, so that the manufacturing business may be carried on to great advantage, as also the sawing of timber now so much in demand. About half this estate inclusive is under fine fire wood and timber—and scarcely a gall on a walth on any part of it. The age and fever has not visited a white person for 20 years that I recollected. In short there cannot well be conceived a more agreeable situation in all respects than this estate taken together. UTOPIA
I will also dispose of—This little estate lies in James City county; is an island surrounded by navigable water near the mouth of Chickahominy river, containing 746 acres of high land and hard marsh sufficient for the support of 1000 head of cattle in the month of May. The high land is rich and produces four and five barrels of corn to the acre. There are 100 acres of good timber adjoining the farm. In the center of this island is a very handsome hill, on which a small but comfortable dwelling is built, affording a fine prospect over James River for many miles. Here every necessity of life can be had and many of its luxuries with little trouble. It overflows with milk and honey when sufficient stock is turned to go upon. It is remarkable for fine fruits, as the frosts seldom or never affect it; and no place in Virginia surpasses it for fish and wild fowl. From this place quantities of hay might be transported by water to Richmond, Norfolk or Peterburg. Any kind of public securities will be taken for the above property, or if more agreeable to the purchaser or purchasers, I will receive part in cash and the balance at convenient periods—thirty or forty flaves and flocks of every kind may be had, if the estate is purchased all together. My lands on Clear Creek, Big Licking and Triplet in Kentucky I will also sell or exchange for property in Richmond. It may be now enquired why I should in an advanced stage of life part with an estate so convenient and agreeable in all respects? In the first place, in a little time I shall be compelled by the unerring voice of nature to "quit this mortal coil," and it is right I should so adjust all my matters as to leave nothing for litigation after my death. My years of regret will be therefore but few on that score. Secondly, it is the best mode I can adopt for a fair division of what I possess among my children; and lastly I am desirous of obtaining a situation, more convenient and cheap for the education of my sons, which the savings from a narrow parsimonious fancy, and the profits arising from a much neglected estate, in consequence of my attention to public duties, can never support. JOHN TYLER. (1wtf) August 24.
RACING.
THE New-Market Fall Meeting will commence, agreeably to a resolution of the Jockey Club, on the 5th Tuesday in October, being the 22d of the month, and continue 5 days, viz.
1st. A Post Sweepstakes for four years old colts and fillies, three mile heats, carrying 100 lbs. on each, the latter allowed 2 lbs. entrance 200 dollars, play or pay.—These stakes are also established, four having subscribed.
2d. The Jockey Club Purse of 450 dollars, four mile heats, agreeably to the rules of the course.
3d. The Proprietor's Purse of 225 dollars, three mile heats, agreeable to the same rules.
4th. A Post Sweepstakes for three years old colts and fillies, two mile heats, carrying 86 lbs. on each, the latter allowed 2 lbs. entrance 200 dollars, play or pay.—These stakes are also established, four having entered.
5th. A Handy Cap Purse of 200 dollars, entrance 30 dollars, 2 mile heats, agreeable to general rules of handycapping.
The above Sweepstakes to close the 25th of September.
N. B. Every dollar of each day's race the proprietor pledges himself to see hung up at the starting-post; to remunerate himself for subsistence, and his having the course in the best order it ever was in, till toll will be collected at the gates each day, viz.
Table with 2 columns: Carriages, ditto, Man and horse, Foot company. It lists prices for different types of carriages and horses.
Excellent stabling and litter furnished race horses ratis; and the very best accommodation for gentlemen, their servants and horses.
RICHARD BATE, Treasurer and Proprietor. New-Market, Sept. 13. ep6w
J. H. FASBENDER,
LATELY FROM CHARLESTON, S.C.
RESPECTFULLY informs the citizens of Richmond, and its vicinity, that he has commenced the WATCH-MAKING business, in the house belonging to Mr. Jedediah Allan, adjoining Dr. Foushee's. He not only repairs Watches but makes every part of their composition, and fitters himself from the satisfaction which he gave in Charleston, of which place he was a resident upwards of three years, to obtain that share of public patronage which he will endeavour to merit.
J. H. FASBENDER, has on hand a choice assortment of JEWELLERY, (and daily expects a further supply) which he will sell low for cash. September 6. (4p 4w.)
THE HIGHEST PRICE (IN CASH) WILL BE GIVEN AT THIS OFFICE FOR CLEAN LINEN & COTTON RAGS.