The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1809-09-08 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
Vol. 6.
RICHMOND, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1809.
[No. 35.]
Published by Thomas Ritchie, nearly opposite the Globe Tavern, Richmond, Virginia.
CONDITIONS: —Five dollars a year, to be paid annually in advance. Those who wish to be considered as annual subscribers, must hereafter designate it at the time of subscribing, otherwise their papers will be discontinued at the expiration of the first year. No paper can be stopped until all arrearages have been paid off—Good acceptances, in Richmond only, will be received in payment. The same rule as to Advertisements.
FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE:
The 5th Volume of the ENQUIRER, compleat, bound in boards.
VIRGINIA DEBATES , in the Convention, bound in calf, sheep and boards.
BURR'S TRIAL , for Treason and for a Misdemeanor, in boards—By D. Robertson.
LETTERS on the Subject of THE CATHOLICS —By Peter Plymley—from the 11th London Edition.
BLANKS , for Lawyers, Clerks, Sheriffs, Constables, Merchants, &c. &c. which will also be printed according to any form exhibited, at the shortest notice.
GEORGE WATT has just received, and offers FOR SALE , Sicily, Madeira, and Sherry WINE , by the Hhd. or Qt. cask, Green Coffee, Orleans Sugar by the Hhd.; German Platillas Simples by the piece or case, half pint Glass Tumblers in cases of 1000 each, and New York Soap & Candles.
ON HAND , Madeira Wine, Orleans and Muscadine Sugars, Green Coffee, Molasses, Prime Pork, Liverpool and Stone Ware, Souchong, Hyson, Skin, and Gunpowder Tea, Spanish Segars, Raisins, Almonds, Nutmegs, Winson Glass, Men's & Women's Shoes, which he will dispose of by wholesale on reasonable terms. July 22.
THE subscriber will sell the HOUSE & LOT at present occupied by himself, and also, an unfinished House, with an half acre of Land, attached to it, near his residence.
If not previously disposed of by private contract, this property will be sold, at public auction, upon the premises, on the fourteenth day of September, ensuing. The improvements on the Lot, occupied by the subscriber, are plain, neat, comfortable and in good repair.
If required, some time will be given for a part of the purchase money.
The situation of this property is eligible, both as regards health and a good neighborhood.
SAML. GREENHOW. August 18. 114Sep
STAGES FOR SALE —Will be sold to the highest bidder, at this place, on Friday the 15th of next month, (September,) the line of STAGES , between Richmond and Fredericksburg. The terms will be one fourth of the purchase money to be paid on the day of sale: the balance in six, nine and twelve months. On the same day, will be sold, on a credit of twelve months, several very valuable STUD HORSES , among which are, Archduke and Speculator. The purchasers to give bond, with approved securities, to JOHN HOOMES, and JOHN G. WOOLFOLK, Executors of JOHN HOOMES, Decd. Bowling Green, August 29. 9t
DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP. The Partnership of Huguen Chambers of Richmond, and Wm. H. McCutchen and Enoch Price of Philadelphia, was, on the 14th inst. dissolved by mutual consent—All persons indebted to the House at Richmond, will make payment to Huguen Chambers, who is fully authorized to settle the affairs of the concern. HUGH CHAMBERS, Wm. H. MCCUTCHEEN, ENOCH PRICE. Richmond, August 29.
THE business in future will be conducted by Hugh Chambers, who has removed to the Store formerly occupied by Dodge and Cobb, being the upper or most westerly tenement of the range of Col. Mayo's buildings—in addition to his present extensive assortment of Dry Goods, expects shortly to receive a large additional supply from Philadelphia; which will be sold at very reduced prices for cash or acceptances in town at a short date. HUGH CHAMBERS. 1m
FOR SALE , two thousand acres of YORK-RIVER LAND , situated on the Pomonkey, in the upper end of King William, distant from Richmond twenty-five miles, from Hanover-Town ten, and from Hanover Courthouse five—this Estate is one of the best on York-River, combining as many advantages, as most in the lower country; the land is not so sandy as the Pomonkey low-lands generally are, which makes it produce good crops of Wheat & Corn—Adjoining is a manufacturing Mill, not more than two miles from the Barn door, where the Richmond price is given, deducting the carriage to market. For health, elegance of situation, and good water, few places more happily combine these advantages—One sixth of the purchase money being paid down, a credit of five years will be given to the purchaser, and a Deed of trust required on the land, to insure the punctual payment of the remaining instalments. THOMAS CARY NELSON. Bleak Hill, King-William am, August 29. 8t
WILL be rented for the ensuing year, at Farmville, on Friday 22d September, TWO VALUABLE PLANTATIONS , adjacent to that village. Bizarre, capable of working eight or ten hands to advantage; and Buffalo, ten or twelve. Possession of the last will be immediately given if required; and immediate liberty to sow wheat at Bizarre, but the house and garden will be retained in possession of the owner until Christmas. At the same time will be sold a most valuable stock of Cattle, Sheep, &c. and some good household furniture. Conditions, twelve months credit: bond and approved security. September 5. 3t
NOTICE —The Copartnership of Nicolson and Heth having dissolved by mutual consent, on the 1st January last; they now request all those who have claims against the said concern, for transactions either at Manchester or Richmond, to call at the office of Nicolson, Heth and Co. for payment, and all those indebted to the said concern are most earnestly requested to discharge their respective balances: on or before the 15th October next. As after that period without discrimination their books and accounts will be put into the hands of an Attorney for collection. ANDREW NICOLSON, HARTH HETH. September 5. 4w
IN CHANCERY —In Powhatan county court, July 21, 1809. Brown, Rives & Co. Plffs, against Samuel H. Owen and Joseph Mayo, executor of David Owen, decd. Defs.
The defendant Samuel H. Owen, not having entered his appearance, and given security according to the act of assembly, and the rules of this court; and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country; On motion of the plaintiff, by their counsel; It is ordered , That the defendant, Samuel H. Owen, do appear here on the first day of October court next, answer the plaintiff's bill, & that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted, in one of the Richmond news-papers, for two months successively, and posted at the door of the court-house of this county. A Copy. Teste, JAS. POINDEXTER, c. c. August 1. 2m
NOTICE —All persons concerned are required to take notice, that we have sold the debts due to the late concerns of Robert Pollock and Co. of Richmond, & Dunlop, Pollock and Co. of Manchester, to Messrs. Tompkins and Murray of Richmond, and that payments hereafter are to be made to them alone, or to those whom they may empower to collect. JAMES & JOHN DUNLOP. Petersburg, Sept. 5.
THOSE indebted to the late concerns of Dunlop, Pollock and Co. of Manchester, and Robert Pollock and Co. of Richmond, are now requested to come forward and settle their respective balances, as longer indulgence cannot be granted: Lawyers and agents having the collection or settlement of debts due either of the above concerns, will be pleased to forward us statements of the business in their hands. TOMPKINS & MURRAY. Richmond, Sept. 5. ep2m
MR. ANDERSON'S ACADEMY, FOR FEMALE EDUCATION , Lyn-hurgh, Virginia—Mr. A. informs the friends of his institution, that it is now established in one of the most healthy, commodious, and beautiful situations of the upper country: desirably removed from the intrusion of dissipation, and sufficiently accessible to agreeable and improving society—The residence of Mrs. Camp, (sister of Mr. A.) for eight years the maternal guardian of the young ladies, attending his institution, is on a fine hill immediately above the town, and in a charming neighborhood; a situation admirably well adapted to the pursuit of literary and general improvement.
TERMS OF BOARDING AND TUITION: For pupils under 9 years of age £30 per annum. From 9 to 12 years 40 do. Over 12 years 50 do. The second annual course will commence on the 11th September, and young ladies from the lower counties, who, on account of the healthiness of the situation, may desire earlier admission, will be immediately received. September 5. 3w
A CARD —The following plan of Instruction will commence to-morrow, Sept. 6, at L. H. Girardin's Academy.
 1. Penmanship, Mercantile Arithmetic, Book Keeping, English Grammar, and English Literature generally, Latin and Greek Classics, Will be taught by—D. DOYLE.  2. French and Italian, Rhetoric, Logic, Moral Philosophy, Policy, Natural and Civil History, By L. H. GIRARDIN.  3. The various branches of the Mathematics. In their fullest extent, Natural Philosophy, Geography, Drawing, Landscape painting, &c. By JOHN WOOD, (Late instructor of youth at Manchester.)  The advantages of the above comprehensive plan, speak for themselves. The terms are not enhanced: on the contrary, they are, in many instances, reduced, chiefly with a view to a wider diffusion of useful knowledge.
Besides the respective duties stated above, the instructors will occasionally interchange branches, in order to ascertain the proficiency of the pupils in each department, and to cherish a laudable spirit of emulation. For further particulars, apply to the undersigned. L. H. GIRARDIN. Sept. 5. 3t
EUROPE.
SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE.
TUESDAY, July 11.
An account of the Battle fought near Aspern on the Marchfeld, on the 21st & 22d May, 1809, between the Archduke Charles of Austria, Generalissimo of the Imperial Austrian armies, & the Emperor Napoleon Commander in Chief of the French and allied armies.
(CONCLUDED)
Plan of attack upon the hostile army on its March between Isling and Aspern, and towards Hirschstetten.
The attack to be made in five columns. The first column, the first column, or the column of the right wing, formed by the corps of Lieut. General Hiller. It will advance from its present position in the direction between 'the point' and Leopoldau along the nearest arms of the Danube, pass along the left bank towards Stadelau and Aspern, keep constantly near the Danube, and the meadows bordering upon it, and be vigorously to repulse the enemy, who most likely will meet it on the same road, and to drive it from the left bank—This column must not suffer its progress to be impeded by the batteries, which the enemy perhaps may have erected on the islands, but must endeavor to silence them by its cannon, and spiritedly continue to advance.
The second column consists of the corps of the general of Cavalry, Count Bellegarde, having Gerasdorf to the left, it will march towards Leopoldau, endeavor to join the first column on the right, advance upon Kagran, and then, conjointly with the third column, upon the left, push forward towards Hirschstetten.
The third column is composed of the corps of Lieut. Gen. Prince Hohenzollern. It will march by Sussenbrunn to Brientenlee, and from thence towards Aspern, and will endeavor to join on its right the second column, and on its left the fourth.
The fourth column under the command of Lieut. General Prince Rosenberg, is made up of that part of his corps which is posted on the right bank of the Rivulet Russ, it is to advance, by Anderklaa and Raschdorf, toward Essling.
The fifth column is formed by that part of the Prince of Rosenberg's corps which stands between Dentsch-Wagram & Beusensdorf. It will cross the Russ near Beusensdorf, leave Raschdorf and Bisdorf to the right, endeavor to pass to the left round the town of Enzersdorf, and secure its left bank by the archduke Ferdinand's regiment of Hussars.
The cavalry reserve under the command of Gen. Prince Lichtenstein, to march by the way of Anderklaa, without coming in contact with the fourth column, between Raschdorf and Brientenlee, and straight on to the New Inn, keeping continually at such a distance between the heads of the third and fourth columns as, in case of necessity, to be near at hand for the purpose of repelling the main body of the enemy's cavalry.
The grenadier corps of reserve to march from Sciering into the position which the corps of Bellegarde has taken up behind Gerasdorf.
All the columns and corps will march at 12 o'clock at noon. The second lines to follow them at a suitable distance. Every column to form its own advanced guard—The order of march, and the distribution of the field pieces, to be left to the judgment of the commanders of the respective corps—The whole will march by half divisions, Lieut. General Klenau to form the advanced guard of the 4th and 5th columns, and before he advances, to suffer the heads of these columns to come quite up to him in order that he may have at hand a sufficient support of infantry.
The principal object in view is to drive back the enemy entirely over the first arms of the Danube, destroy the bridges he has thrown over them, and occupying the bank of the Lobau, with a numerous artillery, especially howitzers.
The infantry will form on the plain, in battalions, with half divisions from the centre.
His Imperial Highness the general in Chief recommends order, closeness during the advance, and a proper use of every species of arms. His station will be with the second column.
Gerasdorf, May 21, 1809.
  The 1st Column consisted of 19 Bat. 22 Squ. 2d 20 16   3d 22 8   4th 13 8   5th 13 16   The Corps of Cavalry, — — 78   The Corps of Grenadiers, 16 
To al, 113 Bat. 148 Squ. which amounted to 75,000 effective troops.
Of artillery, there were 18 batteries of brigade, 13 of position, and 11 of horse artillery; in the aggregate 288 pieces of different calibres.
The enemy had availed himself extremely well of the advantage of the ground to cover his passage. The extensive villages of Essling and Aspern, mostly composed of brick houses, and encircled all round by neaps of earth, resembled two bastions between which a double line of natural trenches, intended to draw off the water, served as a curtain, and afforded every possible security to the columns passing from the isle of Lobau—Essling had a granary furnished with loop holes, and whose three stories afforded room for several hundred men, while Aspern was provided with a strong Church yard. The left side of the latter village borders on an arm of the Danube. Both villages had a safe communication with the busy ground near the Danube, from which the enemy, had it constantly in his power to dispatch, unseen, fresh reinforcements. The isle of Lobau served at once as a place of arms and a tete de pont, a bridge-head for the bridge, in the rear across the main arm of the river.
The enemy with the divisions of Gens. Molitor, Boudet, Nansoury, Legrand, Espagne, Lasalle, and Ferrand, under the Marshals Massena and Lasnes, as well as Marshall Bessieres, together with the guards of the Württemberg, Hesse-Darmstadt and Baden auxiliaries, had already left this position and was directing his march towards Hirschstetten, when the first Austrian advanced guards met him.
If it be at all permitted in war, to indulge favorable presentiments, it was certainly excusable so to do at that great moment, when on the 21st May, exactly at twelve o'clock, the columns began to put themselves in motion for the attack. A general enthusiasm had taken possession of the troops—joyful war songs, accompanied by Turkish music, resounded through the air, and were interrupted by shouts of "Long Live our Emperor! long live the archduke Charles!" whenever the imperial guard appeared, who had placed himself at the head of the second column. Every breast panted with anxious desire and high confidence after the decisive moment, and the finest weather favored the awful scene.
BATTLE OF THE 21ST MAY.
FIRST COLUMN.
The advanced guard under Gen. Norman consisting of two battalions of Gyuay and Lichtenstein hussars, had formed near the destroyed bridge of Tabor, and leaving the villages of Kahn and Hirschstetten to the left, and Stadelau to the right, marched in the plain towards Aspern.
It was followed by the column, which having left the road before the post-office at Stamersdorf, had marched from the right by half divisions. Its right flank along the Danube was covered by a battalion of St. Georgians, by the first battalion of Vienna volunteers, and by a battalion of militia, under the command of major count Colloredo. Within a cannon shot of Stadelau, the out posts met the enemy's piquets, which gradually retreated to their original divisions.
At this time Gen. Norman ordered two battalions of Gyuay to draw up en enchele , in order to favor the advance of the column. The enemy drawn up in large divisions, stood immediately before Aspern, having to cover his front, occupied all the ditches of the fields, which afforded excellent breast-works. His right was covered by a battery, and his left, by a broad deep ditch, (one of those that carry off the waters of the Danube when it overflows) as well as by a
bushy ground, which was likewise occupied by several bodies in close order.
Though the enemy had advantage of position all to himself, inasmuch as the freshest of the Danube were only passable by a small bridge, at which he kept up a vigorous fire from behind the ditches both with cannon and small arms, it did not prevent the second battalion of Gyuay, immediately after the first had penetrated as far as the bushy meadows, to pass the bridge in a column, to form without delay, and with charged bayonets to attack the enemy, who precipitately retreated to Aspern, on which occasion, that village, after a vigorous, but not very obstinate resistance, was taken for the first time. It was, however, not long before the enemy had it in his power, by the arrival of a fresh reinforcement, to expel again the battalions of Gyuay. By this time some battalions of the column had arrived, the chasseurs of Major Schmieder, of the second column, joined the advanced guard of the first; Gyuay formed again, and the enemy was a second time pushed to the lower end of the village, though he succeeded in regaining what he lost.
Both parties were aware of the necessity of maintaining themselves in Aspern at any rate, which produced successively the most obstinate efforts both of attack and defence; the parties engaged each other in every street, in every house, and in every barn; carts, ploughs, and harrows were obliged to be removed during an uninterrupted fire, in order to get at the enemy, every individual was an impediment of the assailants, and a rampart of the attacked; the steep, lofty trees, the gares and the cellars were to be conquered before either of the parties could stifle themselves master of the place, and yet the possession was ever of short duration; for no sooner had we taken a street or a house, than the enemy gained another, forcing us to abandon the former. So this murderous conflict lasted for several hours; the German battalions were supported by Hungarian, who were again assisted by the Vienna volunteers, each rivaling the other in courage and perseverance. At the same time the second column combined its attack with those of the first, having to overcome the same resistance, by reason of the enemy's constantly leading fresh reinforcements into the field. At length, general Wacquant of the second column succeeded in becoming master of the upper part of the village, and maintaining himself there during the whole night.
By the shells of both parties, many houses had been set on fire, and illuminated the whole country round.
At the extremity of the right wing on the bushy meadow, the combat was not less severe. The left flank of the enemy was secured by an arm of the Danube; impetrable underwood, intersected only by footpaths covered his front; and a broad ditch and palisades afforded him the advantage of a natural rampart.
Here fought at the beginning of the battle the first battalion of Gyuay, under col. Marassy; and the battalion of chasseurs under Schmieder; next the St. Georgians under Major Mihailovich; and finally, the two battalions of Vienna Volunteers, under Lieut. col. Steigentesch and St. Quentin. Here also, the enemy was defeated; and the first day of this sanguinary engagement terminated by the occupation of Aspern by Gen. Wacquant, at the head of eight battalions of the second column, while Lieut. field marshal Hiller drew the troops of his corps from the village, placed them again in order of battle, and passed the night under arms.
SECOND COLUMN.
The advanced guard, commanded by Lieut. Gen. Fresnel, advanced by Leopoldau & Kagran towards Hirschstetten, and consisted of one battalion of chasseurs, and two battalions of Anton Mirowsky under gen. Winzingerode, as well as the brigades of cavalry, Klenau and Vincent, under gen. Vessey. It was followed in the same direction by the column from its position near Gerasdorf.
The enemy having been discovered from the eminences near Hirschstetten to be near Aspern and Esslingen, the brigade Vessey was detached against the latter place, and the brigade Winzingerode to dislodge the enemy from Aspern.
The column deployed before Hirschstetten in two lines, in order to support the advanced guard, and leaving Aspern to the right, followed upon the plain, at a proper distance.
The brigade of Winzingerode, however, met with so spirited a resistance in its attempts upon Aspern, that an attack on the front alone was not likely to be attended with success; the cavalry, therefore, of the advanced guard, was pushed forward from Aspern on the left, in order to support the attack on the flank with the two batteries of cavalry, as well as to facilitate the junction with the third column, which was advancing by Brientenlee. At the same time the regiment of Reuss Plauen was ordered to take the right side of Aspern, with a view to attack on that place, the rest of the corps was formed into close columns of battalions.
Meanwhile the enemy formed his left wing, which he refused towards Aspern, and his right upon Esslingen. Thus he advanced with columns of infantry and cavalry upon the main army, while an extremely brisk cannonade supported him. A line of twelve regiments of cuirassiers formed the centre of the second line of the enemy, giving to the whole an imposing aspect.
Meanwhile the attack of a battalion of Reuss Plauen of Aspern was repulsed, and it gave way, being thrown into consternation by the loss of its commander, but it rallied immediately after. Count Bellegarde ordered gen. Wacquant to renew the attack with the regiment of Vogelsang, and to carry the village at all hazards. The latter obeyed the order with the most brilliant success, and Aspern, though defended by twelve thousand of the best of the enemy's troops, was carried by storm; Baquant being assisted by the regiment of Reuss Plauen, by a battalion of archduke Rainer, and by the brigade of Mair of the third column.
To frustrate this attack, the enemy advanced with two columns of infantry, supported by his heavy cavalry upon the main army, repulsed the regiments of Klenau and Vincent's light horse, and fell upon the infantry.
The latter expecting him with their fire-locks ready, and with cool intrepidity, fired at ten paces distance so effectually, as totally to route the enemy, upon which gen. Vessey, at the head of a division of Klenau, attacked the enemies' cuirassiers with such energy that their retreat was followed by that of the infantry.
Hereby the army along the whole of its line was disengaged from the enemy, obtained communication on the left with the corps of the prince Hohenzollern, and became possessed of the important post of Aspern. The enemy being in full retreat, attempted no further attack, and confined himself merely to a cannonade. The corps remained during the night under arms. The enemy repeated, indeed, his attacks on Aspern, but they all proved unsuccessful.
THIRD COLUMN.
This column, according to its destination, had begun its march from its position at Sciering, by the road of Sussenbrunn & Brientenlee. Some divisions of O'Reilly's light horse and chasseurs formed the advanced guard of the column, and at three o'clock in the afternoon met near Hirschstetten, the left wing of the enemy, which consisted mostly of cavalry.
As about this time the first and second columns advanced intrepidly upon Aspern, & the enemy began to fall back to his position between Esslingen and Aspern, Lieut. gen. Hohenzollern ordered up his batteries, and a very brisk cannonade commenced on both sides.
The first line formed in close formed in close columns of battalions, and advanced with the greatest resolution upon the enemy, when his cavalry suddenly rushed forward in such disproportionate numbers, and with such rapidity, that there was scarcely time to save the artillery which had been brought up, and the battalions were left to defend themselves by their own unsupported exertions. This was the remarkable moment in which the regiments of Zach, Joseph Coloredo, Zettwitz, Froom, a battalion of Stein's, and the second battalion of the archduke Charles's legion, under the conduct of Lieut. gen. Brady, and generals Buresch, Maier, and Koller, demonstrated with unparalleled fortitude, what the fixed determination to conquer or die is capable of effecting against the most impetuous attacks.
The enemy's cavalry turned these battalions on both wings, penetrated between them, repulsed the squadrons of O'Reilly's light horse, who were unable to withstand such a superior force, and in the confidence of victory, summoned these corps of heroes to lay down their arms. A well directed and destructive fire was the answer to this degrading proposition, and the enemy's cavalry abandoned the field, leaving behind them a considerable number of dead. This corps, as well as the others, passed the night on the field of battle.
FOURTH AND FIFTH COLUMNS.
These were both composed of the corps of Lieut. gen. prince Rosenberg, on either bank of the Russbach, and directed their march from their position to the right and left of Doursch Wagram.
The fourth proceeded through Roschdorf straight to Esslingen. Colonel Haregg of Schwarzenberg's Hulans conducted the advanced guard.
The fifth directed its march towards the left in order to go a circuit round the little town of Enzersdorf, and drive the enemy out of the place. It was reinforced by Stiptie's hussars, under the command of col. Frolich. Lieut. gen. Klenau led the advanced guard of both columns.
As this circuit round Enzersdorf obliged the fifth to describe a longer line, it was necessary for the fourth to advance rather more slowly.
Enzersdorf, however, was quickly taken possession of by a detachment of Stiptie's hussars, and of the Wallacho-Ilyrian frontier regiment, as it was already for the greatest part evacuated by the enemy, from whom no more than thirty prisoners could be taken.
Both columns now received orders to advance upon Esslingen.
The fourth in close columns of battalions of Czartorisky's, Archduke Louis's and Coburg, who were twice successively attacked by upwards of 2000 of the enemy's heavy cavalry; but these were each time put to flight by our brave infantry with considerable loss.
Of the fifth column, two battalions of Chasteler's advanced directly upon Esslingen, while two battalions of Bellegarde were ordered to penetrate the left bank of the village, and the small contiguous wood. Two battalions of Hiller's and Szary's, besides the archduke Ferdinand's and Szirasy's regiments of hussars, and two divisions of Rosenberg's light horse, were in the plain, in readiness to support them.
These combined attacks were made twice successively, with uncommon intrepidity; points, and driver, into the village of Esslingen, which had been set on fire. But as the enemy's army was drawn up in several lines between Esslingen and Aspern, and met each new attack with fresh reinforcements, because the safety of the retreat depended on the possession of the bridge, our troops were obliged to abandon it at the approach of night, and await, under arms, the arrival of morning.
The reserve of corps of cavalry had marched in two columns, under the command of General Prince of Lichtenstein, and advanced upon the New Inn between Raschdorf and Brientenlee. General Count Wirtensleben with Blankenstein's hussars conducted the advanced guard.
No sooner did the enemy perceive a general advance of the army, than he placed the bulk of his cavalry, supported by some battalions of infantry, in order of battle between Esslingen and Aspern, & commenced a brisk cannonade upon the columns of Austrian cavalry as they advanced.
Prince Lichtenstein directed his columns to march forward in two lines, on which the enemy detached four or five thousand cavalry from his position to the right by Way of Esslingen, and excited some apprehension that he would impede the progress of the fourth column, or even break through it. —

The Prince, therefore, ordered four regiments to the left, and kept the second column formed in two lines, till he was convinced that the column would not meet with any impediment to its march.
During this movement the remainder of the enemy's cavalry, also advanced with the greatest confidence, towards the right wing of the Austrians. They were received with a firmness which they probably did not expect. The intrepidity of the cavalry which had marched up, particularly Maurice Lichtenstein's regiment and the Archduke Francis's cuirassiers, the former headed by its gallant colonel, Roussel, frustrated the repeated assaults of the enemy by counter-attacks, by which they at length put a stop to its impetuous advance, and completely repulsed him with considerable loss. In these conflicts the French general of division, Durossel, Equerry to the emperor, was taken prisoner a few paces from him, as was also General Fouler, Equerry to the Empress, after having been slightly wounded. Notwithstanding the fire of musketry which now ensued, the Prince ordered a general advance, by which the enemy was straitened in the alignment between Esslingen and Aspern, but on account of the flanking fire from Esslingen, could not be pursued any farther. The fire of his guns was answered with spirit by the horse artillery. About seven in the evening, three thousand horse were again detached towards the point of union between the cavalry of the corps of reserve and the left wing of Prince Hohenzollern, and fell en masse upon the brigades of cuirassiers of Generals Kroyer, Klary, & Siegenthal, but by the steady intrepidity of the Blankenstein's and Riesch's regiments, who with the utmost gallantry made a sudden attack on the enemy's flanks, his cavalry was again repulsed, and part of it, which had fallen upon some regiments of the new levies, placed in the third line, was cut off, and there taken.
Meanwhile night came on, and it was passed by the Prince in the best state of preparation, on the ground which he had gained over the enemy.
For the first time, Napoleon had sustained a defeat in Germany. From this moment he was reduced to the rank of bold and successful Generals, who, like himself, after a long service of destructive achievements, experienced the vicissitudes of fortune. The charm of invincibility was dissolved. No longer the spoiled child of fortune , by posterity he will be characterised as the sport of the fickle goddess. New hopes begin to animate the oppressed nations. To the Austrian army, the 21st May was a grand and glorious epoch that must inspire it with a consciousness of its strength, and a confidence in its energies. Overwhelmed by our irresistible infantry, its proud opponents were extended in the dust, and the presence of their hitherto unconquered Emperor was no longer capable of snatching from the heroes of Austria the laurels which they had acquired.
Napoleon's glory was obviously at stake. New efforts were to be expected the following day; but he was also obliged to fight for his existence. By means of five ships sent down the Danube, the Archduke had caused the enemy's bridge on the Lobau to be broken down, and its repairs would take up several hours. Meanwhile Napoleon had already, in the evening been joined by the corps of Gen. Oudinot; and all the disposable troops followed from Vienna and the Upper Danube, and were transported across the river in vessels as fast as they arrived. The Archduke, on his part, ordered the grenadier corps which had not had any share in the first engagement, to advance from its position near Gerersdorf to Breitenlee; and the short night was scarcely sufficient to complete the respective preparations for the commencement of a second tragedy.
BATTLE OF THE TWENTY-SECOND OF MAY.
CORPS OF LIEUT. GEN. HILLER. With the morning's dawn the enemy renewed his attack, which far surpassed, in impetuosity, those of the preceding day. It was a conflict of valor and mutual exasperation. Scarcely had the French guards compelled General Wacquant to abandon Aspern when the regiment of Hellebeck again penetrated into the burning village, drove back the choicest troops of the enemy, and engaged in a new contest in the midst of the conflagration. Till, at the expiration of an hour, it was also obliged to give way. The regiment of Benjovsky now rushed in, and at the first onset gained possession of the church yard, the walls of which Field Marshal Lieutenant Hiller, immediately ordered the first division of pioneers to pull down, and the church, together with the parsonage, to be set on fire. Thus was this regiment, supported by some battalions commanded by Gen. Bianchi, at length enabled to maintain itself at the entrance of the village, after overcoming the resistance, bordering on despair, opposed by the flower of the French army.
Neither could the enemy produce any farther effect upon the bushy meadow, after Lieut. Gen. Hiller had ordered the force there to be supported by two battalions of Anton Mitrowsky's and a battery; on which the Jagers, St. George's and two battalions of Vienna Volunteers, drove him from his advantageous position, which he never afterwards attempted to recover.
At about this time, the left wing of the corps was likewise placed in security by three batteries sent by the Lieut. General to support the General of Cavalry, Count Bellegarde; and the latter maintained his ground against the most desperate attacks of the enemy. The Lt. Gen. Hiller kept his position on the left flank of the enemy, and the victory was decided in this quarter. The corps was therefore again formed in two lines, and thus awaited the approaching events.
Corps of the General of Cavalry, Count Bellegarde.
Count Bellegarde, having received a message from Gen. Wacquant, that the enemy was assembling, in force before Aspern towards the Bushy Meadow, and apparently had in view an assault upon that point, was just going to throw a fresh battalion of Argenteau's into Aspern, when the enemy, in heavy columns of infantry and cavalry, supported by a numerous artillery, began to advance upon the centre of the corps in the plain.
The troops stationed at Aspern, exhausted as they were with the incessant fire kept up during the night, were unable to withstand the impetuosity of the attacks; their ammunition, both for artillery and musketry, began to fail, and General Wacquant retreated in good order to the church yard. This post gained at so dear a rate, was again taken from him, after several attacks sustained in conjunction with Lieut. General
Hiller; the place was alternately taken and lost, till at length the superiority of our fire obliged the enemy to abandon the houses, and a last assault of Hiller's corps prevented all farther attempts.
From the moment of the re-taking of Aspern, it became possible to oppose an offensive movement to the enemy advancing upon the centre, and to open upon his left flank a communication. The defence of Aspern was therefore left entirely to Hiller's corps, and while Count Bellegarde occupied his right wing on Aspern, he formed his left and the centre in the direction of Esslingen, in such a manner that, by degrees, he gained the right flank of the enemy, compelled him to repeat, and, by the complete effect of the artillery, brought to bear upon the left wing, which commanded the whole space from Aspern to Esslingen, gave him a most severe defeat.
Corps of Lieutenant General, the Prince Hohenzollern.
The dawn of morning was, with this corps, also the signal for the renewal of the gigantic conflict. The enemy's infantry was drawn up in large divisions, and between it the whole of the heavy cavalry was formed en masse . The General of Cavalry, Prince Lichtenstein, on observing this order of battle, perceived the necessity of keeping up a close communication with the infantry placed near him; he therefore drew up his right wing en echelon , behind the corps of infantry, but kept his left wing together, with reserves posted in the rear.
A prodigious quantity of artillery covered the front of the enemy, who seemed desirous to annihilate our corps by the murderous fire of cannon and howitzers. Upwards of two hundred pieces of cannon were engaged on both sides, and the oldest soldiers never recollected to have witnessed so tremendous a fire.
Vain was every effort to shake the intrepidity of the Austrian troops. Napoleon rode through his ranks, and according to the report of the prisoners, made them acquainted with the destruction of his bridge, but added, that he had himself ordered it to be broken down, because in this case there would be no alternative, but victory or death! Soon afterwards the whole of the enemy's line put itself in motion, and the cavalry made its principal attack on the point where the corps of cavalry of Prince Lichtenstein communicated with the left wing of Lieut. Gen. the Prince of Hohenzollern. The engagement now became general; the regiments of Rohan, D'Aspre, Joseph Colloredo and Stain repulsed all the attacks of the enemy. The Generals were everywhere at the head of their troops, and inspired them with courage and perseverance. The Archduke himself seized the colors of Zarch's, and the battalion, which had already begun to give way, followed with new enthusiasm his heroic example. Most of those who surrounded him were wounded; his adjutant General, Count Colloredo, received a ball in his hand, the wound from which was considered dangerous; a squeeze of the hand signified to him the concern of his sympathizing commander, who, filled with the contempt of death, now fought for glory and for his country.
The attacks of our impenetrable corps, both with the sabre and the bayonet, so rapidly repeated and so impetuous, as to be unparalleled in military annals, frustrated all the intentions of the enemy.
He was beaten at all points, and astonished at such undaunted intrepidity, he was obliged to abandon the field of battle.
About this time Lieut. Gen. the Prince of Hohenzollern observed on his left wing, near Esslingen, a chasm which had been formed during the heat of the engagement, and afforded an advantageous point of attack.
Freisch's regiment, commanded by Colonel Mersy, was ordered thither in three corps and repulsed four regiments of cavalry, accompanied with infantry and artillery. The corps remained in the position which they had taken, till the grenadiers of the reserve which the Archduke had ordered forward from Breitenlee arrived to relieve the battalions exhausted with the sanguinary conflict, and continued the attack upon the centre of the enemy's position. Lieut. General D'Aspre penetrated the four battalions of grenadiers of Pizezynsky, Puteany, Scovaux and Scarlack, without firing a shot, to the enemy's cannon, where he was flanked by such a destructive fire from Esslingen, that nothing but the presence of the Archduke, who hastened to the spot, could have induced his grenadiers to maintain their ground.
Captain Count Dommasle had already reached the enemy's battery, when he was wounded by two balls, and quitted the field. About noon the Archduke ordered a re-assault upon Esslingen, which was immediately undertaken by Field Marshal Lieut. D'Aspre, with the grenadier battalions of Kirchenbatter and Scovaux on the left, and Scarlach and Gregory on the right. Five times did these gallant troops rush up to the very walls of the houses, burning internally all placed in a state of defence; some of the grenadiers thrust their bayonets into the enemy's loop-holes; but all their efforts were fruitless, for their antagonists fought the fight of despair. The Archduke ordered the grenadiers to take up their former position, and when they afterwards volunteered to renew the assault, he would not permit them, as the enemy was then in full retreat.
Corps of Field Marshal Lieutenant Prince Rosenberg.
Both divisions of this corps, which, in advancing to the engagement, had composed the 4th and 5th columns, were formed before the break of day for a new attack, for which the enemy likewise made preparations on his side, but with a manifest superiority in numbers.
Prince Rosenberg resolved to attack the village of Esslingen with the Archduke Charles's regiment of infantry, to push forward his other troops in battalions, and in particular to go and meet the enemy, who was advancing in the open country between Esslingen and the nearest arm of the Danube. The village was already gained, & the battalions advancing on the left, obliged the enemy, drawn up in several lines, to yield. The most violent cannonade was kept up incessantly on both sides, and it was sustained by the troops with the greatest fortitude.
Favored by a fog, which suddenly came on, the enemy's heavy cavalry ventured to attack, on all sides, the corps formed by Starray's and Hiller's regiments of infantry. These brave fellows received them with fixed bayonets, and at the last moment poured in their fire with such effect, that the enemy was compelled to take himself to flight with considerable loss. Five times were these attacks on Starray's and Hiller's regiments repeated, and each time they were repelled with equal courage and resolution. The cavalry contributed, all that
lay in their power, to the pursuit of the enemy and the support of the infantry.
Coburg's, the Archduke Louis's, and Czartorysky's regiments belonging to the division of Lieut. Gen. Dedovich, stationed on the right, renewed the exertions of the preceding day, with the same distinction and the same success. After this severe conflict, the enemy seemed to have no inclination to expose himself to any fresh disaster, and confine himself merely to the operation of his superior artillery.
About eleven A. M. Prince Rosenberg received orders from the Archduke, commander in chief, to make a new attack upon Esslingen, and a message to the same effect was sent to Lieut. Gen. Dedovich, who commanded the right division of this corps.
Prince Rosenberg immediately formed two columns of attack under the conduct of Lieut. Generals Princes Hohenlohe and Rohan, while Lieut. Gen. Dedovich advanced against the citadel of the place, and the magazines surrounded with walls and ditches.
The attack was made with redoubled bravery, and our troops rushed with irresistible impetuosity into the village. Still, however, they found it impossible to maintain this post, into which the enemy kept continually throwing new reinforcements, which was of the utmost importance for covering his retreat, which he already resolved upon, and which he defended with an immense sacrifice of lives. Prince Rosenberg therefore resolved to confine himself to the obstinate maintenance of his own position, to secure the left flank of the army, and to encense the embarrassment of the enemy by an incessant fire from all the batteries.
In the night between the 22d and 23d the enemy accomplished his retreat to the Lobau, and at three in the morning his rear guard also had evacuated Esslingen and all the points which he had occupied on the left bank of the Danube. Some divisions pursued him closely, and took possession, as near as possible, of the necessary posts of observation.
Thus terminated a conflict of two days, which will be ever memorable in the annals of the world, and in the history of war. It was the most obstinate and bloody, that has occurred since the commencement of the French revolution.
It was decisive for the glory of the Austrian arms, for the preservation of the monarchy and for the correction of the public opinion.
The infantry has entered upon a new and brilliant career, and by the firm confidence it has manifested in its own energies, has paved the way to new victories. The enemy's cavalry has seen its acquired, but hitherto untried glory, dissipated by the masses of our battalions, whose cool intrepidity it was unable to endure.
Cavalry & artillery have surpassed themselves in valor, and in the space of two days have performed achievements sufficient for a whole campaign.
Three pieces of cannon, seven ammunition wagons, 1700 French Muskets, and about 3,000 cuirassiers fell into the hands of the conqueror. The loss on both sides was very great; this and the circumstance that very few prisoners were taken by either party, proves the determination of the combatants either to conquer or die.
The Austrian army laments the deaths of 87 superior officers, 4199 subalterns and privates.
Lieutenant Generals Prince Rohan, Dedovich, Weber, and Frenel; Generals Winzingerode, Grill, Neustadter, Siegenthal, Colloredo, May, Hohenfeld, and Buresch; 665 officers, and 15,651 subalterns and privates were wounded. Of these, field-marshal lieutenant Weher, 8 officers, and 829 men were taken prisoners by the enemy.
The loss of the enemy was prodigious, and exceeds all expectation. It can only be accounted for by the effect of our concentric fire on an exceedingly confined field of battle, where all the batteries crossed one another, and calculated by the following authentic data:
Generals Lasnes, D'Espagne, St. Hilaire, and Albuquerque are dead; Massena, Besieres, Molitor, Boudet, Legrand, Lasalle, and the two brothers Legrange wounded; Durosnel and Fouler taken.
Upwards of 7,000 men, and an immense number of horses were buried in the field of battle; five thousand, and some hundred wounded lie in our hospitals. In Vienna & the suburbs there are at present 29,773 wounded; many were carried to St. Pölten, Enns, and as far as Linz—2,500 were taken. Several hundred of corpses floated down the Danube, and are still daily thrown upon its shores; many met their death in the island of Lobau, and since the water has fallen in the smaller arms of the river, innumerable bodies thus consigned by their comrades to everlasting oblivion, have become visible. The burying of the sufferers is not yet over, and a pestilential air is wafted from the theatre of death.
His imperial highness, the generalissimo, has indeed undertaken the duty so dear to his heart, of acquainting the monarch and the country with the names of those who took the most active share in the achievements of these glorious days; but he acknowledges, with profound emotion, that amidst the rivalry of the highest military virtues, it is scarcely possible to distinguish the most valiant, and declares all the soldiers of Aspern worthy of public gratitude.
His imperial highness considers the intelligent dispositions of the chief of his staff, general baron Wimpfen, and his incessant exertions, as the foundation of the victory.
The officers commanding corps have rendered themselves deserving of the highest honors, by uncommon devotedness, personal bravery, warm attachment to their sovereign, and their high sense of honor.
Their names will be transmitted to posterity, with the achievements of the valiant troops who were under their direction.
Here follow a list of officers who distinguished themselves, which is uninteresting to the American reader—We observe in the commendations, that the meed of praise is alike given to the soldier or the general, by publishing the name of the former, with his achievements. Norfolk Herald.
CAPTAIN BARCLAY.
This gentleman yesterday completed his arduous pedestrian undertaking, to walk a thousand miles in a thousand successive hours, at the rate of a mile in each, and every hour. He had until 4 o'clock, P. M. to finish his task, but he performed his last mile in the quarter of an hour after three, with perfect ease and great spirit, amidst an immense concourse of spectators.
Captain Barclay had 15,000L. depending upon this undertaking. The aggregate of the bets is supposed to amount to 100,000L.
London P. M. July 12.
Extract of a letter dated SEVILLE, July 9.
"Soon after concluding my last letter, which was dated Cadiz, June 14th, in which I mentioned that the French army did not manifest any disposition to abandon Estremadura, the arrival of an English force at Badajoz and Yelves, checking whatever operations might be intended against General Cuesta, I judged from the movements of the French, that they intended to retire with a view to some other plan, and effectively they gradually withdrew to the other side of the Tagus."
"Probably the movements of the French were intended to draw Cuesta from his strong positions and from his proximity to the English, and to engage him on the right bank of the Tagus—it appears that both he and Gen. Venegas, (who commands the army of Sierra Morena,) were too little aware of this tactic and of the actual force of their enemy; Cuesta carried his army over the Tagus, and Venegas advanced very far into La Mancha; but they soon became sensible of their error, and again retired: Cuesta has now the River in front of him, his quarters general at Miravete, and the two bridges of Almarez and Obispo well defended by batteries; Venegas has resumed his positions within Sierra Morena, his quarter general at St. Helena, his advanced guard in the higher part of La Mancha; the army of Victor is between Talavera and the river Alberche, and another corps which has lately received a reinforcement of 14,000 men, and which is commanded by King Joseph in person, (who is a Almagro) advanced towards Venegas, and made demonstration of forcing the passes of the Sierra Morena, but subsequently fell back nearer to Castile. The English move forward, though heavily, towards the banks of the river Tietar."
"They should have been on the third of this month within ten leagues of Gen. Cuesta, and it is said that they will join him on the 11th. In the mean time, Marshal Soult, with the troops which have joined him in Galicia, and those which lately occupied Asturias, commanded by Gen. Kellerman, are leaving those provinces; it is believed to reinforce Victor; but it may be to make a movement towards Portugal, which, it so, will certainly prevent the further advances of the English."
"There is nothing new to be mentioned respecting Catalonia. The Spanish continue the war with great vigor, and the French manage their inferior force with their accustomed address; Gerona is attacked and defended with great obstinacy; lately the advanced batteries of the French army having been destroyed, the Spanish were able to throw considerable succors into the place. In Arragon the Spanish cause has received a very severe check in the entire dispersion of Gen. Blake's army; the same troops with which he gained the signal victory mentioned in my last, having again met the French, were struck with a panic, even more disgraceful than that which routed the army of Sierra Morena and in La Mancha, as mentioned in my last letter."
"It may be said, to palliate the affair of La Mancha, that the troops were spread over the province in detachments too distant to support each other—that Cartosjo who commanded them was ignorant, a coward and a traitor—but in the present case there is no palliation—the army was united and placed in the best positions—and as to the general he had not only the confidence of the entire nation, but more particularly so of his army; his courage, his patriotism and skill are not merely undoubted but have been proved; in fire without firing a gun they fled before the same French reduced in number by their victory, throwing away their muskets—and carrying terror over the whole country before them; Gen. Blake with a very few of his officers, all whose exertions produced no effect, remaining abandoned by them in the posts."
"The General, in his dispatch to the Junta, does not seem to know to what cause to attribute so disgraceful an event, but hints in vague terms at disaffection and intrigue, and desires no longer to command; the Junta in its answer endeavours to reanimate him by the eulogies on his character which it merits, and with desiring him to denounce whomever he may believe to have been accessory to this disgrace."
"With respect to the army of Romana, scarcely any thing is said, I believe that but little is known; the general throughout the whole war has acted in a very eccentric manner, it is now said that his head is somewhat deranged."
"The ship of war "Algesiras," which carried Mr. Cevallos to England has returned with some supplies, but no arms; she has brought, however, a machine for making them." Baltimore Whig.
BOSTON, August 30. FROM SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.
The Goree sloop of war, which has arrived in Halifax from Lisbon, brought the latest news from that quarter. The united Spanish, English and Portuguese forces had advanced to the frontier of New Castile. The French corps, under Marshal Victor, which had menaced Seville, had fallen back on the Tagus, to Talavera de la Reyna, to which point King Joseph and Gen. Sebasti were marching with a reinforcement of 14,000 men of the corps which had been operating in La Mancha. The situation of the combatants, made an early battle highly probable. We know not the force of the opposing armies. That under Victor, must we think, have been reinforced from all the French corps in Spain, and we doubt not will be found, on the day of battle, to have been from 50,000 to 70,000 strong. General Cuesta, our Spanish accounts say, had 70,000 men with him; but a great proportion of those were yeomanry, of whom 20,000, we have learnt, were without muskets; and that a great part of his cavalry were destitute of saddles. Supplies of arms and saddles may have been received from England. The English troops under Gen. Wellesley, were estimated at 30,000. And the Portuguese, under Gen. Beresford, at an equal number; only one third of whom, however, were regulars. There was a Spanish army in La Carolina, which had been opposed to Sebastiani, and which would probably unite with Cuesta. The superiority of numbers must therefore, we think, be on the part of the allied arms; but the French were principally veterans of the line. The next arrivals from Spain or Portugal must bring accounts of great interest.
FOR SALE. A few hundred bushels Liverpool salt SALT, now afloat at Rockets, which will be sold low if applied for immediately, before it is put into store.
EDWARD JOHNSON. Sept. 8.
DOMESTIC.
LETTER
From the Hon. E. Gerry, to Mons. C. M. Talleyrand.
[The following letter is in answer to an official note from Mons. T. published in the Patriot of May 20th. It casts new light on the mysterious X. Y. Z. negotiation, and will be read with interest by every one who wishes to see the complete justification of Mr. Gerry against the aspersions of the French Machiavalian.]—Editor Patriot .
TO HIS EXCELLENCY
CHARLES MAURICE TALLEYRAND, Late Minister of Foreign relations, and now a Prince of Imperial France.
SIR, Your official letter, dated Paris the 11th Fructidor, 6th year, (the 28th of August, 1798,) to Mr. Pichon, then Secretary of Legation at the Hague, has been lately published by his Excellency Mr. Adams, late President of the United States, and contains remarks on my conduct whilst on the embassy you refer to, which leave no alternative but that of a public answer. To me it appears immaterial, whether your object in writing that letter, was merely to obtain the negotiation which resulted from it, or was intended to extend to personalities: for admitting the former, what apology can be offered for unmerited and unnecessary censures on a preceding minister, in order to obtain a successor? The letter states, "that you used your endeavor to enter on a negotiation with Mr. Gerry, in the spirit of substituting calmness for passion, and confidence alone was the cause of the misunderstanding between the two republics." Admitting the fact, you will readily grant, sir, that the distrust on the part of the United States, existed long before the date of my commission to negotiate with France, and resulted from a series of measures on her part highly injurious, and as the United States conceived unjust, towards them. And have not the dispatches of the three envoys to their government proved to a demonstration, that the dark and crooked policy of negotiating with them, by secret agents, whom you recognized to me as having acted under your authority, increased that distrust and finally defeated the negotiation? On the first approach of these agents, so clearly was I convinced of what would be the result of conferences with them, as to have proposed to my colleagues to terminate their agency without delay, by the following declaration to them—viz: "To the question whether the propositions informally and confidentially communicated to us, as private citizens, at the request, as is stated, of Mr. Talleyrand, in his private capacity, will be adopted as the basis of a treaty?—This answer is given: that it is highly probable some of the propositions communicated on the evenings of the 19th and 20th of October, (being the 28th and 29th Vendemaire) will be considered as the basis of a project of a treaty, and others as inadmissible: but that it is impossible to discuss them, or to come to a decision on them, until they are presented to us in our official characters." After the rupture of the negotiation, by the dismissal of my colleagues, and the publication throughout Europe of our dispatches, then indeed, you "used" it might be stated, you repeated, "your endeavors to enter on a negotiation with myself;" not because it was practicable, or promising success, but because it was necessary to allay the indignation of the French nation and directory against yourself, as the sole cause of the rupture of the negotiation with the three envoys. Can these facts, sir, be controverted? Are they not fully proved by the dispatches of the envoys, and by your correspondence with myself?
Your letter next states, "that your correspondence with Mr. Gerry, until the day of his departure, is a curious monument of advances on your part, and of evasions on his." That it is a curious monument of advances, or a monument of curious advances on your part, made with a conviction of the impossibility of their being accepted by him, is readily admitted: and permit him to enquire, whether you urged him to enter on a negotiation which was warranted to, or on one which was directly repugnant to, the powers given him by his government? You advocated his right to treat separately from his colleagues, because the government of the United States had commissioned, "jointly and severally, three envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary, of whom he was one, to treat with the French republic." Had his colleagues, by any other means than the agency of that republic, been disqualified from acting, then indeed he would have had a separate authority, and would have exercised it; but, sir, your political abilities require no arguments to prove, that a separate power was not, nor a commission given to treat, when the others were by the French government officially charged with misconduct, and dismissed from the embassy. If solid reasons did actually exist for the dismissal, was it not incumbent on the French Directory to have stated them to the government of the United States, that the latter might have corrected the evil? Was it your object, by urging that envoy to negotiate separately, to induce him to a measure which would have terminated beneficially to the two republics, and honorably to the negotiators, or to one, which, by his admitting the right of the French government to select one of the three envoys to proceed in the negotiation, would have sacrificed, on his part, the rights, honor and independence of his government, and disgraced himself?—Let him enquire further, sir, whether you was authorized by the government of the U. States, (for your own government could not authorize you,) to construe for their minister, the powers which they had delegated to him? Was it not, to say the least, indelicate to make the attempt, and unjust to refuse him the light of being governed in this construction by his own judgement? Could he have met the advances, of which you boast, with a due regard to the rights and independence of his country, or to his own honor? Most assuredly he could not, and for not meeting them has incurred your censure. As to the evasions with which you charge him, they were refusals, and you so considered them, to close with your propositions. Your letter next states, "that it is wrong to suppose you confined yourself to vague propositions, that among that series of official letters, which will doubtless be published at Philadelphia, you select one wherein he (Mr. Pichon) will see that you make very sensitive propositions, without any mixture of preliminary conditions. That this letter

MANIFESTO OF THE SPANISH NATION TO EUROPE. (CONCLUDED.)
Dated at the Royal Palace of Alcazar. SEVILLE, Jan. 1, 1809.
For fifteen years, the ambition of the French now agitates and destroys Italy. Become the theatre of a most bloody war, she has seen all the fruits of the prolonged peace which she had enjoyed, vanish from before her: every sublime monument which the genius of arts had deposited in her land, carried off to satisfy the pride of one, who is unable to imitate them: the limits and equilibrium of her different states, broken & destroyed; herself destined, like us, to be divided into provinces, to satiate the ambition, recompense the iniquities, and content the unbridled luxury of these ravagers of the world.
Switzerland has to deplore the same evils, the same insults, and perhaps still greater losses. Her liberty and the simplicity of her manners supplied the deficiency of fertility, and the roughness of her soil. Happy with her independence and her virtues, notwithstanding her poverty, she envied not the most powerful and opulent nations. Her vicinity to France, has been her destruction: war has ruined her, as it has Italy—Converted into a barracks for soldiers, despoiled of the riches, which the industry and economy of the inhabitants had amassed in some of her cities, and become the play-thing of French intrigue, the venerable laws of her confederation, respected by time and by men, have at last been overthrown, to receive, in their stead, a constitution, made at the will of France.
Holland can by no means emerge from the contempt and ignominy into which she is plunged—Destitute of navigation, commerce and colonies, deprived of her constitution and her laws, forced to acknowledge and give the title of king to a man who possesses neither virtue, talents nor glory, she must either basely consent to be entirely struck out of the political world, or must appeal to the just, the holy insurrection, to which every thing invites her.
Is it possible that Austria can any longer doubt as to the path she is to pursue? Can the misfortunes of the last war, the offspring of surprise and intrigue, not of skill and valor, deter her from entering those lists, in which she has contended with so much inextinguishable, fought with so much glory? After having engaged in three great, three bloody wars, for the aggrandizement of her power, the acquisition of glory, will she cease to exert herself, when, upon her exertions, her very existence depends?
Russia, trusting to the immense extent, to the remoteness of her territories, can, in all appearance, live without fears, and treat upon a footing of equality with the oppressor of the other powers. But when she shall have suffered him to aggrandize himself with the spoils of the rest of the continent, when her indifference or bad policy shall have permitted the empires of the West and South to be united under one authority, then she will have to add to the destruction of her commerce, the degradation of submitting to the commands of Napoleon.
Yes, Princes and nations of the continent: your preservation depends upon us, and Spain defends as much your cause as she does her own. The open insinuation of the French in all their violations, has put an end to the calculations of statesmen.
verted those states with the Confederation of the Rhine, into as many provinces of the French empire. With the forces of Spain and Portugal, he wishes to effect the complete destruction of Austria, and then assembling the collective strength of Europe, drive the deluded Alexander into the deserts of Tartary.
But the time has not yet arrived when he can enjoy this dreadful, this bloody satisfaction. England from the immense advantages which her insular situation, her power and her laws present to her, has ever looked with contempt upon the mad convulsions of French ambition and has in part restrained them.
Royal Palace of Alcazar, Seville, January 1, 1809. MARTIN DE GARY, Sec. Gen. to the Supreme Junta.
WESTMINSTER SESSIONS. HICKS' HALL.
LONDON, June 27. The Sessions commenced yesterday, before Mr. Mainwaring and the Bench of Justices.
Mary Barnet, the wife of a publican at Hammersmith, was indicted for assaulting Peter Augustus Galliot, a music master, resident of the same place, in February last. The defendant had applied on the day above mentioned at the residence of the prosecutor, to demand a debt due to her for beer; but the accounts kept by the plaintiff and defendant not harmonizing, as the tapress scored an octave too high for her customer, the prosecutor's wife refused to pay the bill.
The defendant was found guilty of the assault and sentenced to a fine of 25l.
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Orders for any of the above qualities, addressed to the subscribers, executed at the shortest notice. BANISTER & Co. wtf
ON Wednesday, December 27, 1809—At the late dwelling-house of Nathaniel Lancaster, dec'd. about ten miles above the court-house, in Prince Edward county, on Appomattox river: Will be sold, to the highest bidder, the following PROPERTY, belonging to the estate of the deceased, a valuable stock of Horses, Cattle, Hogs and Sheep, the plantation Utensils, household and kitchen Furniture, too tedious to mention.
Also: Nine valuable NEGROES: also, the crop of Corn, Wheat, Oats and Fodder. A credit of twelve months will be given the purchasers, on their giving bond, with approved security.
All those who have legal claims against the estate of the deceased, will be pleased to exhibit them duly authenticated, on or before the day of sale, to enable the administrators to make provision for their payment. JOHN LANCASTER, ROBERT LANCASTER, Admrs. August 18. wtf
THE SUBSCRIBER, offers for sale, that elegant and valuable Estate, called WILL TON, lying nine miles below Richmond. The dwelling house is not inferior to any in the state: the offices are commodious; the Garden and yard are handsomely laid out.
Also two thousand acres of LAND, lying on Fighting Creek, Powhatan County, two miles from the Court House, which will be divided in to two or more lots to suit purchasers.
For terms apply to the Subscriber residing in Richmond, or William Berkeley, in Powhatan. WILLIAM RANDOLPH. wtfm
COMMITTED to the Jail of the county of Middlesex, the 6th of June last, a negro man, who calls himself HENRY FOX, and says he was born free and raised in the town of Norfolk: He is about thirty years of age, five feet seven or eight inches high, well proportioned, of a very dark complexion, and marked in his face, very thick with pits of the small-pox, had on when taken up, a light coloured mixed Virginia Cloth Coat, a striped Virginia Cloth Waistcoat, and blue nankeen pantaloons, but has with him, a number of other clothes.
TH: HEALY, Sheriff of Middlesex county. August 11. w3m
THE FAIRFIELD RACES, WILL COMMENCE, on the first Monday in October, and continue four days.
FIRST DAY—The Annual Post Sweep Stake five subscribers, $100 each, free for three years olds, only two mile heats. 2nd. The Jockey Club Purse of $400, four mile heats.
Proprietor and Treasurer F. J. Club. A meeting of the Club is requested at the Eagle-Tavern, on the evening of the first day. E. S. September 5. os wtf
NEW MARKET FALL RACES—The Races for Fall 1809, will commence, on the third Tuesday in October, (being the 17th day of the month,) and continue five days, to wit:—FIRST DAY—The great SWEEPSTAKES, two mile heats—entrance 200 dollars, half forfeit: 17 Subscribers, and closed.
SECOND DAY—The JOCKEY CLUB PURSE, of 350 dollars, 4 mile heats: Money warranted to be hung up before starting:—& will be added (to make the purse more interesting) all the subscribers that can be obtained to the Jockey Club list, from now until the race is run.
THIRD DAY—THE PROPRIETOR'S PURSE of 200 dollars, warranted as heretofore, to be put up before starting.
FOURTH DAY—A HANDY CAP, under the regulations established by the judges.
FIFTH DAY—A PURSE, worth one hundred dollars, will be run for 1 mile heats, the best 3 in 5, for any horse, that never won a race of superior value: 4 entries or no race—the weights to be agreeable to New-Market rules; and the entries to be made the evening preceding the day of the race.
N. B. Toll will be collected at the Gates, as heretofore: Four wheel Carriage, 1 00. Two do. do. 50. Man on horse, 50. Do. on foot, 25.
Good Accommodations for 20 or 30 gentlemen as Boarders, will be provided on moderate terms, at New-Market house. BLANKS MOODY, Proprietor and Treasurer of the Course. September 1. w4w
PETER V. DANIEL, residing in Richmond, will practice LAW, in the Superior Courts, held in the city; in the Superior Courts of Chesterfield and Hanover, in the county Courts of Henrico and Hanover, and in the hustings Court of Richmond. September 1. w3w
WILLIAMSBURG FEMALE ACADEMY. MR. BLACKBURN, Professor of Mathematics, in the College of William & Mary, and Mr. Plunkett, teacher of Modern Languages, in the same College, inform the public, that they have united for the purpose of establishing an Academy in which young Ladies may receive an Education, calculated at once, to improve & enlarge the understanding, and to ensure the acquisition of those accomplishments, which are not only extremely agreeable in themselves, but which have become essential requisites in polished societies.
It is proposed that the parties shall attend to the duties of the School alternately, as best agreeing with their own views of a correct system of Female Education, and particularly as such an arrangement will prevent all interference with their respective engagements at College. Mr. Blackburn will, on one day, give lessons in Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, English Grammar, Composition, Geography and History, according to the progress which each pupil may have made. Should any of these young ladies discover a taste and capacity for further scientific acquirements, he will undertake to conduct them through certain Mathematical, Astronomical and Philosophical branches, which, whilst they cannot fail to strengthen the mental powers, will be rendered so simple, as to make the study highly pleasing and instructive.
On the succeeding day, Mr. Plunkett will teach the French Language, Music, theoretically and practically, Dancing and Drawing. The experience which he has had, and the assiduous and minute attention which he engages to bestow, must secure to his scholars, the acquisition of those accomplishments which give animation to society, as well as grace and dignity to those who possess them.
Parents may be informed of the terms, and have a prospectus of the School, by applying to A. Plunkett, in Williamsburg, or to G. Blackburn at the College. The Tuition commenced on the 15th instant. November, 1808.
From our knowledge of the qualifications and assiduity of the gentlemen, who propose to institute and to conduct the WILLIAMSBURG FEMALE ACADEMY, we do, with pleasure, declare our belief that it will afford to young ladies, an opportunity which may be relied upon, of receiving a well conducted, liberal and polite education, and do therefore recommend it to parents, as promising to merit their attention and encouragement. JAMES MADISON, President Wm. and Mary College, JOHN BRACKEN, Hum. Prof. SAMUEL GRIFFIN, T. G. BEACHY, SAMUEL TYLER, JOSEPH PRENTIS. November 15, 1808.
THE School announced in the above advertisement, has been since organized, but at too late a period to be productive of all the advantages which were anticipated; yet, though laboring under this inconvenience, it has vindicated its public utility. Examination, in the departments conducted by Mr. Plunkett, and Mr. Blackburn, held in the presence of respectable and scientific judges, have obtained their decided approbation.
The teachers purposely decline the common place style of eulogy, from a conviction, that public patronage can be permanently secured only by the real improvement of their scholars. The local advantages of Williamsburg, as a place of Education, for young ladies, are sufficiently known.
Mrs. Tyler Anderson, will continue to take boarders. Two public examinations will be held in each course, viz in February and in July. Tuition will commence October 15th, & end September 15th, following; but parents who wish to withdraw their children, will be at liberty to terminate the course July 15th. Williamsburg, Sept 1.
MY motives will, I hope, justify my giving to the public eye, a few extracts from numerous documents, which have long lain neglected, in my possession, owing to my not having found any object which I deemed worthy an appeal of this kind: I am aware of the apparent mediocrity of sounding own praise, even through the medium of partial friendship; but I believe that my efforts here, have, in some degree, justified the prepossession of my friends: As an individual, I have been habitually indifferent to any applause, but that bestowed by men of sentiment and science, and I desire it only as a means of extending my sphere of utility.
GEORGE BLACKBURN.
Cop. of a letter from Joseph Wilson, esq. the American Consul in Dublin.
Permit me now to take the freedom of introducing to you, a gentleman whose worth, when known, will, I am persuaded, interest you in his favor. Mr. George Blackburn wishes to settle in your country, and to procure an establishment as Instructor in the Mathematics, and those branches of science connected therewith.
Dublin, May 8th, 1800. From the Honorable Col. Napier, the descendant of the illustrious Mathematician of that name. ARMY ACCOUNT OFFICE, DUBLIN, May 3, 1800.
Having always considered talents, combined with industry, and directed by principle, as constituting the true wealth of a state, I cannot but lament your persisting in your intention of abstracting from Ireland that share of each which I know you to possess.
I should consider my approbation as incomplete, did it not include the strong sense I have of that decency and morality, which I have observed in your personal conduct and character. GEORGE NAPIER, Coll. and Comptroller, ARMY ACCOUNTS.
From a character not more dignified by holding the first rank in European life, than by those amiable qualities of the heart, which win, and secure respect and esteem.
Pupils often take a fancy to their teachers, but when I reflect on your success with our five sons, it proves to me past a doubt that you first made them respect and love learning.
That solid acquisition can never be lost to them, for it is interwoven with their affection for you: your advice made a deep impression on their minds, and I do not believe will be eradicated while they live, for quite exclusive of what they may have learned in science, their hearts & tastes accompanied the steps you took to improve their minds: the lessons of affection will remain I trust, even if those of science be neglected.
In proportion to their moral merits, my obligations to you will increase, and I hope you will not fail to preserve their good disposition, by your remembrance of them. Your letters directed to the Duke of Limerick, will be forwarded to my sons wherever they are.
From the hon. Sackville Hamilton, secretary of the Treasury in Ireland. DEAR SIR, I am very sorry I am not known to any gentleman in America, to whose attention I could recommend you.
I would do it with very sincere pleasure from my knowledge of your very extensive acquirements in every branch of Mathematics. I regret very much that this country loses the advantage of your excellent talents, & sincerely wish you success in the object of your pursuit, in which I have the concurrence of both my sons.
From Doctor Brown, senior Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, to a member of the American Senate. DEAR SIR, The bearer of this letter, Mr. Blackburn, is a Mathematician strongly recommended to me by Mr. Sackville Hamilton, a gentleman who has been in important posts under government here; and by Lady Sarah Napier, sister to the Duke of Richmond; I am not personally acquainted with him, but they assure me that he is a man of good character, with the reputation, and, indeed from the education given to Mr. Hamilton's sons, the certainty of being a man of learning and abilities.
He might find a good maintenance in this country, but has set his heart on going to America, &c. September 1. wtf
TO all whom it may concern—RICHARD SMYTH, a native of Ireland, departed this life on the 18th of June, 1809, without leaving in this State, or in the United States, any relation by consanguinity, and possessed of some Estate in Lands within this Commonwealth, of which, as well as of the United States he had long been a Citizen.
MANCHESTER ACADEMY—in consequence of the intended removal of John Wood, to the city of Richmond, on the 25th September next, the trustees of the above Academy, are desirous of engaging a Teacher of the Languages and Mathematics, to supply the station he now holds.
VALUABLE LANDS FOR SALE—The subscribers wish to dispose of that valuable tract of LAND called FORT LEWIS, lying in the Counties of Buckingham and Montgomery, and containing about 2,600 acres.
This last mentioned Land, being in five distinct tracts, will be sold separately or together, as may best suit any person desirous of purchasing. One-fourth of the amount being paid on hand, any reasonable credit will be given for the balance. GIBSON & JEFFERSON. Richmond, July 29. tf
A NEGLIGENT ESTABLISHMENT FOR SALE—The House and Tenement where the subscriber lately resided. This tenement justly ranks amongst the first in this place, combining elegance, convenience, contiguity to the Capitol, and in the centre of a most agreeable neighborhood.
For terms apply to Mr. Wm. Long who is fully authorised to contract for the same. J. PENN. tf
BOARDING-HOUSE—To be opened in Williamsburg. The Subscriber, being about to remove to Williamsburg, informs the public that he intends to keep in that city, a BOARDING HOUSE, AND HOUSE OF PRIVATE ENTERTAINMENT, which will be opened on the 20th day of September next.
By virtue of a deed of trust, from Richard Young to the subscribers, bearing date the 27th day of April, 1803, and recorded in the General Court, for securing a certain debt, therein mentioned: Will be sold, to the highest bidder, on the 29th September, next, before the Eagle-Tavern, in the city of Richmond, (or so much thereof, as will be sufficient to satisfy said debt, with interest and costs,) the following valuable PROPERTY, viz. Lot No. 1, with the wharf attached thereto: No. 5, a water lot: No. 9, a lot with the yellow house, back of wharf No. 1: No. 13, back of water lot No. 5: No. 16, part of lot No. 178, in the plan of the city of Richmond, & No. 21, bought of the Executors of Francis Lewis, and on Bloomy-Run street.
The said sale will be made agreeably to the directions in such cases, of the act of Assembly, passed the 31st day of January, 1809, entitled—“An act concerning executions and for other purposes.” EDWARD JOHNSTON, JOHN FOX, Trustees. August 11. tds
RUNAWAY from the Subscriber in Amherst County, on the 24th instant, my noted Waterman Robin, he is between 35 and 40 years of age, of black complexion, has very hollow cheeks, owing to the loss of his upper, and jaw teeth, he has been accustomed to run the river from Lynchburg to Richmond for many years, and has numerous acquaintances and it is highly probable that he will be harbored by some of them, I will give a reward of 10 dollars and pay all expenses to any person that will bring the said Fellow to me, otherwise will pay 5 dollars for putting him in the Jail of the County where he may be taken up. THOMAS MOORE. August 22. 4w
COLUMBIAN MILLS.—The subscribers having purchased the Columbian Mills, beg leave to inform the public that we are giving cash for Wheat and Corn. P. HAXALL & Co. September 5. tf
FOR SALE—One SHARE, in the Richmond Theatre Company—Also, SHARES in the Richmond Turnpike Co.—Apply to C. GREENHOW. August 25. tf