The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1808-11-11 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
Vol. 5.]
RICHMOND, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 11, 1808.
[No. 56.]
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE UNION TAVERN, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
JOSEPH SMITH , of Alexandria, in the district of Columbia—Take notice that I shall proceed to take the deposition of Benjamin Dawson, at the Washington Tavern, in the city of Richmond, and State of Virginia, on the 29th day of this present month, between the hours of nine o'clock in the morning, and five in the evening of the same day, to be read in evidence in a suit now depending in the district court of Hay-Market, against you, where you may attend if you will.
FOR SALE , a likely young mulatto WOMAN, 16 years old, brought up as a nurse & house servant, in a private family, in the country; a mulatto MAN about 41 or 2, brought up as a servant and driver in the same family; Also, 12 raftered and well broke MULAS. Credit for 34ths of the value, and for 12 months, will be given on receiving proper security. Apply to Mr. Neil McCall. Nov. 8. [3w]
TOBACCO & SEATON , adjoining the City Hotel, on the Cross-Street from the Brick Row to the Governor's house, respectfully inform their friends and the public, that they have commenced business in FANCY & WINDSOR CIGARS, MATCHES, TOBACCO, &c. and solicit patronage. Founding always to employ the best materials, and the best skill in the line of their profession, they hope to give universal satisfaction. Nov. 8. [tf]
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY —The annual meeting of Stockholders, will be held at Mr. Brooks's tavern, in Manchester, on the first Monday in December next:—Special matters of business, important to the interest of the company, require a full meeting; hence it is expected, that such members as cannot attend in person, will appoint deputies to act for them. JAMES BRANDER, CLK. Nov. 8. [tdm]
ACCOMMODATIONS as usual, for fifteen or twenty Members of the General Assembly, by ALEXANDER QUARRIER. Nov. 8. [2t]
WANTED to hire a man COOK from the 1st Dec.—Enquire at this Office. Nov. 8. 3t.
NOTICE —By virtue of a deed of trust, executed by Robt. Woodcock, The subscriber will offer for sale, on the highest bidder, at Chesfield court-house, on Monday the ninth of January next, the tract of LAND whereon the said Robert Woodcock resides, in Chesfield county, containing two hundred & four acres of land, more or less, and adjoining the lands of Samuel Turner, Ephraim Garthright, Henry Woodcock, Thomas Gregory, John Hancock, Enoch Adkins, Markie Farmer and Samuel Farmer. This sale is made to satisfy a debt of one hundred and thirty-four pounds eighteen shillings and six-pence, including the balance due from two hundred and forty pounds, with interest from the seventh of June, one thousand eight hundred and eight, due from the said Robert Woodcock to major Win. Foss. Nov. 4. [law3w]
BOARDING HOUSE & PRIVATE ENTERTAINMENT , for Gentlemen & their Horses, kept by John P. Shields, at his usual stand, by the Bank, and in view of the capitol—Accommodations as usual, and prices as low as the times will admit. About 20 members of the Assembly can be privately and agreeably situated, as to lodging and board. Nov. 4. [coaw3w]
By virtue of a Deed of Trust , executed to the Subscriber by Wm. Brown of Chesterfield, to secure the payment of a debt due Kenyon Giles, will be offered for sale, on the 30th of Nov. next, at Brooks's Tavern, in the town of Manchester; two Negro Men DIVER & JOHN , the property of the said Brown—for cash. Nov. 8. [eptds]
By virtue of a Deed of Trust , executed to the Subscriber, by Robert and George Turner, and Ann the wife of the said George, duly recorded in the Hustings Court of Richmond; made to secure the payment of fifteen hundred dollars, to Daniel Couch, according to the terms of said deed: Will be sold by the Subscriber, to the highest bidder, for ready money, before the door of the Eagle Tavern, in the city of Richmond, on Saturday the 12th Nov. next, all that Lot, Piece or Parcel of Ground, situate in the said city, on the east side of the cross-street leading from the Bell-Tavern to the river, and now under lease to Russell & Wallace (subject to a ground rent of 10£ per annum forever), together with the following NEGROES: George (the cook) Peter (the barber) and Aggy; or so much of the said property as will be sufficient to raise the sum of 1500 dols. together with all costs attending the said sale. AND W. STEVENSON, } Trustees. C. ANTHONY, } [tds]
NOTICE —I shall petition the next General Assembly, to be exonerated from keeping up the Causeway opposite my Ferry and through the Marsh of Moore Fauntleroy, deceased. J. LAURENCE MUSE. Tappahannock, Sept. 20. [tf]
All persons having claims against the Estate of Wm. Friend, decd. late of Manchester, are hereby required to bring them forward, as early as possible, that arrangements may be made for payment; and all persons interested in said estate, are earnestly solicited to make payment, as speedily as possible. The situation of the estate being such, as to render it impossible to grant longer indulgence. THOMAS BRANCH, Executor. Chesterfield, Nov. 1. [2m]
NEGROES FOR SALE —By virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed to us, by Miller Waddell, of Prince Edward county, bearing date the 16th of May, 1818, for the purpose of securing to Sterling Smith, and to Sterling Smith and Co. sums of money therein expressed:—We shall on Wednesday the 16th day of November next, at the dwelling place of the late Miller Waddell, proceed to sell for ready money, the following NEGROES, to wit: Luce and her children, Waddy and Taylor, or as many of them as may be sufficient to discharge the purposes of said Deed. JAMES DICK, JR. } Trustees. WM. WHITE, } [eptds]
WANTED as a HOUSE-KEEPER, in a large family, a discreet industrious woman. None who can come recommended as such, very liberal wages will be given. Enquire of the Enquirer. Nov. 4. [3w]
NOTICE —Cash given for Northern & Southern Bank NOTES at a moderate discount by SIMPSON MORRIS. Richmond, Sept. 14. [tf]
COPARTNERSHIP DISSOLVED —In pursuance of the authority given to each partner, by the articles of copartnership, entered into between Asa Dodge and the Subscriber, lately pursuing business in this city, under the firm of Dodge and Cobb, the aforesaid copartnership is hereby declared dissolved. In consequence of the embarrassed situation of the business, the creditors of the said Dodge and Cobb are informed, that all their Goods and effects, including Book Debts, notes, Bills, &c. are conveyed and assigned to Wm. Marshall, Esq. and Benjamin Kimball, for the benefit of such creditors, as chuse to subscribe to the conditions of the Deed of conveyance in ten days from the date thereof. The Deed is in the hands of said Kimball, to whom all who are indebted to said firm, will please pay their balances immediately. GERSHOM COBB. Oct. 23. [tf]
By virtue of ample powers delegated to the Subscriber, will be sold to the highest bidder, for ready money, on the Eagle-Tavern in the city of Richmond, on the 22d day of November next, all that valuable estate in Boon county, in the State of Kentucky, well known by the name of the Big Bone Lick, or salt works on Big Bone Creek, about two miles from the Ohio River, containing two thousand acres more or less. Also four thousand acres of valuable LAND on the Ohio river, a great portion of which is low ground of good quality. The Lands on the Ohio, and the above-mentioned Tract, do not actually join, but are within a half mile or thereabouts, of each other. The whole six thousand acres were located and surveyed under military warrants; with respect to the title, the purchaser will be made satisfied on the day of sale. These lands are said to be extremely valuable, in point of situation and soil, besides the advantages of the Salt Works, which, 'tis believed, would be very productive, if prosecuted on a judicious plan. Wm. C. WILLIAMS. Oct. 23. [tds]
IN addition to the above mentioned Lands , & by virtue of the powers aforesaid, will be sold, at the same time and place, the following valuable Tracts of Military LAND, viz. One thousand acres in the state of Kentucky, on the waters of High Land creek, adjoining the Lands of Mayo Carrington, and Peter Casey, patented the 15th June, 1786. A tract of 333 1-3 acres in the state of Ohio, on a fork of Paint creek, adjoining Nathaniel Burwell's survey, No. 982, patented 22d Nov. 1802. Also, a Tract of 266 2-3 acres, in the state of Ohio, on Todd's fork of the Little Miami river, adjoining Wm. Barlow's survey, No. 3643, Thomas Bentley's survey, No. 2028, and John Roberts's survey, No. 699, patented the 23d Nov. 1802. The three last mentioned tracts of Land, will be sold upon the following terms, to wit: One fourth of the purchase money in hand, and the other three-fourths in three equal annual payments—the purchasers executing deeds of trust, on the Land, to secure the last payments. BEN. MOSBY, Wm. C. WILLIAMS. Richmond, Oct. 25. [tds]
FOR SALE , that well known and valuable FARM, on Chickahominy river, formerly the property of Mr. Thomas Watkins, decd. about 14 miles from Richmond, containing 546 acres; a very considerable part is valuable swamp Land, a part of which is reclaimed, and now in meadow, from which I have been credibly informed, that Mr. Watkins in his life-time, cut upwards of 100 ton in the year; there is about 120 acres of swamp Land now in timber; and could be reclaimed at a very inconsiderable expence, to make at least double the quantity of hay, that has formerly been cut. There is a considerable quantity of Cedar on the high land, and I believe, full sufficient to fence the greater part of the plantation. On this plantation, is a tolerable good dwelling-house, kitchen and a very good barn, with several out-houses for the negroes: Also, an excellent young apple orchard, of about 300 bearing trees, independent of the old orchard of 100 more of the best fruit, and about 300 peach trees, selected from the best kind, with a variety of pears, and cherries, on all of which are choice fruit. There is also, on this plantation, a very valuable mill seat, on which there was formerly, a good grist mill, and from information, used to receive from 50 to 60 barrels of toll corn, per annum. Last year I erected a new mill house on it, with a considerable part of the running year-finished, and for about 100 dollars expence, the mill could be completed. New plantations in this country, possess more natural advantages, as the whole of the meadow can be watered from the mill stream. This Farm is worthy the object of any person who is fond of farming, and can be made as productive as any in the state, for the number of acres it contains. I am satisfied, to any man, who would turn his attention to manuring of hay, the product of that article alone, would be from 4 to 500 pounds annually, independent of corn & wheat: to any person inclined to purchase this farm, I will give a credit of 3 years on paying down 1-3 of the purchase money, on securing the balance by a deed of trust on the premises. Also, for sale, four Mules and about 32 head of CATTLE, and the crop of Corn, Fodder, &c on hand, which will be sold independently of the plantation. DANIEL L. HYLTON. Nov. 1. [tf]
RICHMOND TURNPIKE COMPANY —At a meeting of the Directors of the said Company, the 25th of October, 1808: Resolved, That the sales of the Shares of delinquent Stock-Holders, advertised to be made on this day, be postponed till the 29th of next month, and that all shares be on that day sold, positively without reserve, in every case of delinquency, at the Swan Tavern, in the city of Richmond, at the hour of 12 o'clock. Resolved, That a call of two dollars on each share of the Stock-Holders, in the said Company be made, and that the same be paid to the Treasurer on or before the 24th of next month. N. SHEPPARD, Clerk. Oct. 28. [ep1m]
WILLIAMSBURG, September 1, 1808 —The Subscribers have entered into partnership, under the firm of COLE & HENDERSON , and have supplied themselves with a general and well selected assortment of superior and fine Cloths, Woollens, Manchester stuffs, Cambries, Hosiery, Hardware, Saddlery, Stationery and GROCERIES; which they will sell low for cash, country produce, or on short credit to customers who are punctual in their payments. ROSCOW COLE, JAS. HENDERSON.
N. B. For the accommodation of the Students and Scholars of William & Mary College, they will keep a constant supply of the Books used in that Seminary. C. & H. Sept. 13. [epu]
LANDING from the Schooner RICHMOND, at Lester's new Wharf: 23 Crates Earthen Ware, 25 Hhds. Muscovado Sugar, 11 Do. Green Coffee, 9 Bales Woollens, 100 bags Salt, 15 hds. Molasses, 10 tierces Green Coffee, 6 quarter casks Sherry, 3 pipes Gin, 50 boxes Segars, 8 bags Race Ginger, Souchou, Hyson Skin and Young Hyson Tea. For sale by GEORGE WATT. Nov. 4. [tf]
TUITION —The Rev'd John C. Brockenbrough proposes commencing School on Church-Hill the 1st Monday in November. The several useful branches of Literature, which he will teach are, viz. Orthography, Reading, Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geography & History; also, the dead Languages. His terms for the English quarter, in advance are, $6—For the dead Languages $8. Twelve boarders may be admitted for the moderate sum of £45 each per ann. (Board, tuition and washing, included in that sum.) No attention shall be wanting towards the proficiency of the Pupils committed to his charge. Richmond, Nov. 4. [3t]
PUBLIC SALE —The subscriber intending to remove to the Western country, some time the ensuing year, will positively sell, at public auction, upon the premises, on the second Monday in December next, the tract of LAND on which he has been living in the county of Henrico, on Westham creek, containing 345 acres, with a Saw and Grist Mill; only about thirty acres of this tract is cleared, from which one crop only has been gathered. One other tract containing 100 acres, separated from the first named Land by the three chopped roads; this last named tract is entirely wood Land: Also, all his household and kitchen FURNITURE, among which is, some excellent Mahogany—Several likely Virginia born Slaves—the stock of Cattle, Hogs, about 1500 or 2000 weight of Pork, four Horses, five Mules, two Waggons and Geer, and the plantation Tools. And on the 2nd Saturday in the same month (Dec.) will also be sold upon the premises, a half acre lot of Land lying and being in the city of Richmond, on Shockoe Hill, known by the No. 718—Also, part of a half acre Lot, adjoining Mrs. E. Page. Terms of sale made known on the day. Any person inclined to view the premises, will be shown them by the subscriber. All persons having any demands against him, will make application without delay. SPOTSWOOD LIPSCOMBE. Westham, Nov. 4. [2awtds]
MISCELLANY.
From the N. York Daily Advertiser. SHOWER OF STONES IN ITALY. SCIENTIFIC.
Extract from a Communication of D. B. Warren, Esq. at Paris, to Dr. Mitchell, dated, "PARIS, July 30, 1808."
"Mr. Guidotti, Professor of Chemistry & Natural History in the University of Parma, has published the result of his researches concerning the aeroliths, or stones that have descended from the atmosphere. The following is an abstract of his memoir on the last air stones which fell in the department of Farro, within the limits of the ancient states of Parma. "On the 30th of April, 1803, at one o'clock in the afternoon, the sky being serene, excepting a few ash-coloured clouds, the inhabitants of the villages of Cella, Pieve and Narano, heard in the air two loud reports like those of cannon, which were followed by other reports very near each other, very much resembling the thumping of boxes. This noise was then succeeded by a dull sound, during the continuance of which, stones fell to the surface of the earth, into which they penetrated to the depth of several decimetres. This rapid fall of stones produced a whistling sound, such as would be effected by any other stone whirled from a sling. They were burning hot. "The physical characters, and component parts of one of these stones picked up at Pieve, were as follows; to wit; its figure approached an oblong square, with its angles rounded off; its surface was uneven and cavernous; its outer coat was of a blackish brown, vitrified, continued over the whole stone, and striking fire with steel; its fracture was irregular and grained; the fragments of an indeterminate figure and almost scaly; the inside was of an ash-colour besprew with small points almost black, and with small metallic spots; of the latter, some were lommellar, of a whitish yellow, and others globular, compact, and of tin-colour; this globular substance has a decided action upon the magnetic needle; in like manner the whole stone in mass attracts the magnet; its interior parts are not very compact, for it may be easily scratched with any iron tool; it adheres to the tongue; its absolute weight was about two pounds Piedmont. Its specific gravity was between 3.39 and 3.46—water being the unit. "The chemical analysis made by Professor Guidotti, of the meteoric stone, proves that it is composed of silicious earth 50 parts, oxyd of Iron 28, magnesia 12, oxyd of nickel 2.50, oxyd of Manganese 1.50, oxyd of Chrome 1, and of Sulphur 4, making in the whole 106. This small augmentation of weight in the aggregate of the materials in this analysis is owing to the addition of oxygen to the iron during the operation; for it naturally exists in the aerolith, in a state more or less metallic. "Mr. Guidotti is of opinion that these productions are formed in the atmosphere, from the earthy and metallic substances which are incessantly floating there. They may, he thinks, be partly conveyed there by the fluids with which we are acquainted, and partly in all probability by others, whose discovery is reserved for future generations."
OF GENERAL JUNOT.
JUNOT is a native of Orleans. His origin is too obscure to be traced, and, before the revolution, he was a private soldier in the French guards. At the siege of Toulon, early in 1794, he became first personally known to Bonaparte, who there commanded a detachment of the artillery. His aid-de-camp being killed close to his side, while employed in taking down a process verbal, or notes of the passing transactions, Bonaparte called out to send him immediately a person who could read and write. Junot, then in the ranks, possessing these qualifications, was selected to fill the place of the aid-de-camp who had fallen. But scarcely had he written a few lines which Bonaparte dictated, when a cannon ball tore up the ground before them, filling their eyes with dust. "How fortunate!" observed Junot with composure, "I wanted some sand for my paper, and here it comes!" The sang froid with which this remark was made, attracted Bonaparte's attention. He demanded of Junot his name, and from that day retained him near his own person. He has risen under his master to the summit of revolutionary honors, dignities and emoluments. At this time he is Governor General of Portugal, Colonel-General of the Hussars, a General of the staff, Governor of Paris, and Duke of the Abrantes, one of the most ancient extinct Portuguese titles. His income, including the lands assigned him in Poland, does not fall short of 17,000 pounds sterling a year. Junot is in the vigor of his age, of a figure uncouth and vulgar; his face seamed with scars, and his manners corresponding with his external appearance. He married, nevertheless, a few years ago, an Albanian Princess.
WEST-INDIES.
By his Excellency Thomas Hislop, Esq. Brigadier General of his Britannic Majesty's Forces, and Captain-General and Governor in Chief in and over the Island of Trinidad and its dependencies. PROCLAMATION.
Whereas his Excellency Don Juan de Casas, Captain-General of the Province of Venezuela and its dependencies, in reciprocation of the benefits conferred on the Spanish Nation by his Britannic Majesty, to aid and assist their efforts in the Great and Glorious Cause in which they are engaged against the enemy of mankind, the Perfidious Napoleon, has been pleased with the advice of his Assessor, Don Juan Jurado, to issue a Bando or Proclamation dated at Caracas the first day of this instant, September, of which together with his Excellency's letter accompanying it the following (being translations) are copies. The Captain General of Venezuela, to His Excellency the Governor of the British Island of Trinidad. "EXCELLENT SIR, "In demonstration of my wishes to see the Bonds of Union which have fortunately taken place between Great-Britain and Spain every day more closely connected, and that this Union may produce to the individuals of both nations under my government, or who may hereafter come to the Provinces of Venezuela, the reciprocal advantages which are the consequences of commerce, extensive, free and protected—I address your Excellency an authentic copy of the Proclamation, which I have ordered to be published respecting commerce and intercourse with the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, and I request that your Excellency will be pleased to make it publicly known in the Island under your command, provided you think it expedient to do so.
I flatter myself that your Excellency unites with me in the views which I offer up for the glory and success of the noble efforts which our nations are making against the common enemy, and that you will accept this testimony of the distinguished consideration and perfect esteem with which I am, Excellent Sir, of your Excellency, The most Attentive, Constant and Obedient Servant, "JUAN DE CASAS." Caracas, 5th Sept. 1808. (AUTO.) "In the city of Caracas, the first day of September of the year 1808. His Excellency Don Juan de Casas, Knight of the Order of Santiago, Colonel in the Royal army, King's Lieutenant, Subaltern Chief, Commandant-General in second, and actual President, Governor, Captain-General, & Vice Patron Royal of this Province, declared: That always attentive to promote, by every possible means the prosperity of the country, as well with respect to the extension of its commerce, in the manner most profitable and analogous to its constitution, as to cement the friendship & good intelligence that reign with the British nation, which has united with our provinces of Europe, and made a common cause to exterminate the enemy of our government, the perfidious Napoleon, and having recently received an authentic document which expressly declares the good will of his Britannic Majesty in favor of Spain, as communicated to Parliament assembled by the Lords Commissioners in the following gracious speech: (Here is inserted at full length, his Majesty's speech of the 4th of July, as delivered by the Lords Commissioners to both Houses of Parliament beginning with "the recent transactions in Spain and Italy, and then concludes as follows): "Whereof I have thought proper to declare and do hereby accordingly declare, that the commerce permitted with the Island of Curacoa, by an act of the 50th of July last, shall, and is hereby extended to all the colonies of his Britannic Majesty, and also to his dominions in Europe, in honor of the friendship and alliance which his majesty professes for preserving the integrity of the Spanish Monarchy, and for the prosperity and happiness of all the faithful subjects of our Lord and king Ferdinand the Seventh. "And thus his Excellency, with the advice of the Honorable Don Juan Jurado of his Majesty's council, Honorary Oidor of the Royal Audience, Lieutenant Governor, Auditor de Guerra and Assessor general of this government and Captain generalship, ordered, commanded and signed which I the scrivener attest. JUAN DE CASAS. JUAN JURADO. Before me, PALBO CASTRILLO, Senior Public Scrivener of Government. Which in compliance with the request of his Excellency, as stated in his letter and in discharge of my duty to his Majesty, I accordingly proclaim in this public manner, that all his majesty's subjects may know it and avail themselves of so distinguished a mark of the favor and confidence of the Spanish nation spontaneously, granted in honor of the amity that now happily subsists between the two nations. Given under my hand and seal and countersign of my Secretary, at government house, Trinidad the 28th September, Anno Domino 1808, of his present Majesty's reign the forty-eighth. By his Excellency's command, THOMAS HISLOP. THOMAS WALKER, Secretary. N. B. Ports open by this Proclamation.—St. Thomas at Guayana, Margareta, Cumana, Barcelona, La Guaira, Porto Cavello, Cora and Maracabo.
DOMESTIC.
NEW-YORK, Nov. 3. [BY THE STEAM-BOAT]
The Legislature of this state met at Albany on Tuesday, and formed a quorum of both houses. In the house of Assembly, Jas. W. WILKINS, Esq. a representative from the county of Orange, was chosen Speaker by a majority of 15; Mr. Wilkins having 60 votes, and Mr. S. Van Rensselaer 45. The following is the Speech of his excellency the Governor:
HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR'S SPEECH.
Gentlemen of the Senate and Assembly, At the commencement of the last session, I had the honor of expressing to the Legislature, my opinion respecting the measures adopted by the national councils, to prevent our being involved in the desolating wars of Europe. Nothing has since occurred to produce a change of that opinion, or to impair my confidence in their exertions and zeal to avert, as far as is consistent with the welfare and independence of our country, the calamities of war. I am, however, compelled with regret to inform you, that I am not apprised of any material alteration in the state of our foreign relation since that period. The embarrassments to commerce and agriculture, incident to the existence of the embargo, are still experienced, and should they continue, they must be ascribed to the perseverance of the belligerents in their illegal and unjust aggressions upon the commerce of the United States. This consideration affords additional motives, for enduring, with patience, the privations resulting from the counteracting measures of our own rulers, and for yielding a warm, unanimous and decided support to their prudent and incessant efforts to maintain, without an appeal to arms, the honor of our country, and the rights and tranquility of its citizens. Should our hopes of an amicable accommodation of existing differences be frustrated by an obstinate adherence of the belligerents to their unprincipled and arbitrary restraints upon neutral commerce, and a resort to the sword become inevitable, we can meet the event with a conscientiousness of the rectitude of our cause: With a firm dependence on the patriotism and bravery of freemen, and with an humble reliance on the protection of that Providence who has hitherto favored us. The period for which the President and Vice-President of the United States were elected, expires on the fourth day of March next. The appointment of Electors to represent the state in the choice of successors to those distinguished personages, is the principal business for which you are now convened. I however avail myself of this occasion, to submit to your consideration some topics not immediately connected with your prominent duty.

It has not probably escaped your observation, that on the eighth day of March last, a law was passed inflicting death for a crime which antecedently subjected the offender to imprisonment in the state prison for life, and authorising whipping for petit larceny. It has been justly observed, that punishments mild, speedy and certain, are the means best calculated to answer the end of criminal jurisprudence, that they ought always to be proportioned to the crime, & that the reformation as well as the punishment of the offender ought to be constantly and steadily kept in view. The spirit of freedom, the dictates of humanity, and the principles of christianity, require that the awful penalty of death should be inflicted as seldom as possible. The scene of distress and agony exhibited at an execution, naturally excites an aversion to the laws which sanction such severity. Punishments will also be more certain, when moderate and rational; because those who are best able to prove the guilt, or who may be most materially affected by the crime, will then feel no reluctance, nay, will cheerfully perform the duty of detecting and exposing every offender. The jury will be less anxious to seize upon specious doubts to justify an acquittal, and a feeble hope of escaping the sentence of the law, by technical objections to matters of form, or by executive clemency, will be entertained. Besides, by substituting imprisonment at hard labor, society is relieved from the painful responsibility of sending one of its members suddenly and perhaps unprepared to the tribunal of his God. The fruits of his labor enure to the benefit of community or his family; the regimen of the prison precludes gambling, idleness and debauchery, the usual preludes to greater enormities; and that discipline united with the religious exercises of the institution, afford to the charitable and philanthropic mind, at least a glimmering hope of ultimate repentance and reformation. Impressed with a decided opinion that the deprivation of life is seldom necessary, and that it is incompatible with the genius of a free government, and the state of civilization and refinement of which we boast, I am constrained by a sense of duty to suggest the absolute necessity of forbearance to extend that punishment to other crimes than those of treason and murder. With respect to whipping, for petit larceny, I would remark, that there are various reasons which might be assigned in favor of confinement at hard labor in preference to corporal punishment. By the former, the offender is deprived, for a period, at least, of an opportunity of repeating his crime, whilst in the latter case, he is forthwith discharged to renew his depredations. A term of temperance, labor, and privation, affords a hope of amendment. While, on the other hand, reason and experience abundantly testify that no such reformation can be wrought by the agonies of a lacerated body; for the publicity and ignominy of the punishment stifle every remnant and ambition, and destroy the prospect of ever regaining a character. I might also add, that the frequent exhibition of cruel and sanguinary punishments, wounds the sensibility of the humane, and corrupts the disposition, and depraves the morals of a great proportion of the spectators. With reference, therefore, I submit to your wisdom the propriety of totally exploding corporal chastisement from our criminal system.
There is much reason to believe that the prevalence of crimes of a deeper dye, are too often the result of impunity for offences of an inferior grade. Although the Legislature have, by a variety of statutes, enacted numerous regulations to prevent practices of an immoral and dangerous tendency, and which are generally the commencement of a career of more iniquitous and criminal conduct, and although the provisions of those statutes are daily and notoriously violated, yet the instances in which they are enforced, are astonishingly rare. The security with which one law is publicly infringed, not only creates an expectation of similar impunity for the violation of others, but also produces a contempt of the laws generally. Your wisdom will determine whether some more suitable measures ought not to be devised to ensure their observance.
The execution of the sentence of Rufus Hill, convicted of murder at the last Court of Oyer and terminer, in Chenango county, has been suspended. A statement of his case will be submitted to you without delay.
Most of the arms, ammunition, and military stores, destined for the Northern and Western frontiers, have been delivered at their respective places of deposit. Those for the counties of Clinton and Essex are on their way; and those to be deposited in Jefferson county, are at Utica, and will be speedily transported to Champlain.
Under the act, authorising me to select and receive a title for one of the lots of ground offered by the Corporation of New-York for the erection of a State Arsenal; I have been enabled by the liberality of that respectable body, to obtain two of those lots, and a conveyance of them to the People of this State has been executed and delivered. The building has been finished and the accounts of disbursement will be exhibited to you during the present session.
The proceedings which have taken place relative to the acquisition of the title to Ellis's or Oyster Island for fortifications, and of Watch Point for a Light House, and also under the act for procuring an additional supply of ordnance, small arms and ammunition, will be particularly detailed in a future communication.
The powder magazine and a dwelling house for the superintendent, will be completed in a few days. The quantity and situation of the land obtained for this purpose, with an account of the money drawn and expended, will be the subject of a special message.
It affords me pleasure to inform you that the fortifications erecting under the authority of the United States for the defence of the city of New-York, have been prosecuted with activity and zeal. A variety of circumstances have retarded the commencement of the expenditure of one hundred thousand dollars appropriated for that object by the legislature of this state. To accomplish their views by devising and commencing works upon which the greatest number of distressed persons might be employed, and which might be in concert with the defensive operations of the general government, and at the same time to apply the sum granted in the most economical & beneficial manner, was a task replete with anxiety, responsibility and embarrassment. I have the satisfaction to inform you that with the intelligence and generous assistance of Col. Williams, Chief Engineer of the U. States, whose services merit the highest encomium, those difficulties have finally been surmounted, and I flatter myself the place which has been decided upon, and the plan of the works to be erected, will meet your approbation.
It is our lot, gentlemen, to live in a portentous period. The old world is shaken to its centre by the insatiable thirst of its potentates; and Europe exhibits an affecting spectacle of blood and warfare. It has been the alternate policy of two of the belligerents to entangle us in their quarrels; hitherto we have escaped, but it requires almost super-human wisdom in our rulers to preserve our sovereignty and independence, and to avoid being engaged in their wars. Thus situated, it is our solemn duty to second the efforts of those to whom we have entrusted the highly responsible rights of peace and war. It is our duty to strengthen the hands of government by imparting a liberal confidence when our dearest rights are not only in jeopardy but actually invaded, and to prove to the world that we are not a divided people, but that we are, in truth, Americans.
With an ardent wish that harmony may prevail in your deliberations, and that your proceedings may prove the welfare of our country.
From information, derived from the most respectable sources, principally from members of Congress arrived from the respective states, we are justified in stating the following results of electoral votes as certain:
Table with 2 columns: State, Votes. Rows include Tennessee (5), Kentucky (8), Ohio (3), Georgia (6), South-Carolina (10), Virginia (24), Pennsylvania (20), New-Jersey (8), Vermont (6). Total: 90.
Being a majority of the whole number, and of themselves sufficient to insure Mr. Madison's election. In addition, it is certain that Mr. Madison will have the following votes: In North-Carolina - 19, In Maryland - 6, Making - 106. And there is every probability of his having three more votes in North-Carolina, and three in Maryland. Strong hopes are likewise entertained of his having in Rhode-Island - 4, New-Hampshire - 7, New-York - 19. From all of which it follows, that Mr. Madison will certainly have 106 votes; and it is probable that he will have 142. While it is probable that the federal votes will not exceed thirty-four, viz In Massachusetts - 19, Connecticut - 9, Delaware - 3, Maryland - 2, North-Carolina - 1. Total - 34.
The triumphs of federalism at the several congressional elections, which have taken place since the embargo, have been greatly magnified, we offer the following comprehensive statement, by which it will be perceived that the cause of Republicanism has nothing to fear. Rep. Fed. In Rhode-Island - 0 2, New-Hampshire - 0 5, Connecticut - 0 7, Vermont - 1 1, New-York - 11 6, Pennsylvania - 18 0, Maryland - 6 5, Delaware - 0 1, North-Carolina - 9 3, South-Carolina - 8 0, Georgia - 4 0, Kentucky - 6 0, Ohio - 1 0. Total - 70 23.
The following states have not yet elected Representatives. The following however will not vary materially from the result: Massachusetts - 9 8, Virginia - 21 1, Tennessee - 3 0, Two Representatives in Vermont - 1 1. Total - 104 36.
The following is a complete list of the Representatives for the next Congress elected in Pennsylvania: Benjamin Say, John Porter, William Anderson, Matthias Richards, William Milnor, John Ross, Robert Brown, Robert Jenkins, Daniel Heister, John Smilie, William Endley, John Rea, Robert Whitehill, David Bard, Aaron Lyle, Samuel Smith, David Crawford, George Smith. Those in italic are new members. Thirty-five counties in Pennsylvania give Mr. Snyder a majority of 27,427. Seven counties remain to be heard from. In the legislature parties stand thus: In the Senate 19 members republican and 10 federal. In the House of Representatives 74 republican and 21 federal. Georgia. Messrs. Troup, Bibb, Cobb & Smelt, are re-elected representatives in Congress. South-Carolina. Messrs. Marion, Alston, Taylor and Calhoun are re-elected representatives in Congress. Ohio. There is scarcely a doubt that Mr. Morrow is re-elected a representative in Congress by a great majority. Mr. Huntingdon is said to be elected Governor. 16.
FRANCE PROCEEDINGS SUSPENDED. NEWPORT, Oct. 30. Last night arrived here the brig Jane, Capt. Morse, with whom came passenger capt. R. Lee, of the brig Julian, of New-York, which was captured in lat. 15, long. 52, by a French corvette and two brigs, from France, who sunk the Julian, with all her cargo and stores. The Jane, in lat. 18, long. 63, was also captured by the same vessels. Thirty puncheons of rum were taken out, all her stores and a part of her sails, and they were about to sink her, but at last concluded to give her up to several captains, to bring them and their crews to America, they giving the commodore security for three thousand dollars. The Jane was from St. Vincents for Portsmouth. We understand she sailed from Newport on Sunday for Boston. Philad. Gaz.
NEW-YORK, November 5. The U. S. brig of war Argus arrived at this navy-yard yesterday from a cruise. Gen. W. Clarke, as agent for the United States, has lately purchased by treaty, of the Osages, 50,000 square miles of territory, lying between the rivers of Arkansas and Missouri. We should be glad to see this land exchanged with the Indians who border on our northern frontier, and who, from their proximity to the English, are at all times liable to be imposed upon, to our detriment. Washington Expositor.
PHILADELPHIA, November 5. Yesterday came on the Election for Electors of President and Vice-President of the U. States, when the following was the issue: IN THE CITY, Federal Ticket 1878, Democratic do. 2826. SOUTHWARK, &c. Federal Ticket 304, Democratic do. 914. NOTHERN LIBERTIES, The returns could not be obtained at 12 o'clock.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 7. For the information of our readers, we present the following Table, exhibiting a statement of the number of Electors of President and Vice-President, chosen by the respective states, with the mode and time of election in each state.
Table with 4 columns: STATES, Number of Electors, How chosen, When chosen. Rows include New-Hampshire (4, p. g. l., Nov. 4), Rhode-Island (4, p. g. l.), Massachusetts (9, Leg., Nov. 4), Connecticut (8, Leg.), Vermont (6, Leg.), New-York (19, p. g. l.), New-Jersey (6, p. g. l.), Pennsylvania (20, p. g. l., Nov. 4), Delaware (3, Leg.), Maryland (11, p. d., Nov. 14), Virginia (24, p. g. l., Nov. 7), North-Carolina (14, p. d., Nov. 11), South-Carolina (10, Leg., Dec. 6), Georgia (8, p. d., Nov. 14), Kentucky (6, p. d., Nov. 7), Tennessee (3, p. d., Nov. 7), Ohio (3, p. d., Nov. 7).
p. g. l. stand for the people in a general ticket. p. d. for the people in districts. (a) In Mass. chusetts no mode is yet prescribed. The legislature meets on the tenth of November. (b) In New-Jersey the 1st and 2d of November, have been fixed for an election by the people; but as these days are not within the legal period, other provision is expected to be made by the legislature now in session. (c) In Kentucky there are two districts, each of which chooses four Electors. Nat. Int.
DANIEL D. TOMPKINS. Albany, November 1, 1808. November 4. We have received several letters from Albany, by the steam-boat, and have seen others by the same conveyance. Their contents are such as to leave scarcely a doubt upon our minds, that the state of N. York will maintain the dignified reputation which her former exemplary conduct had acquired for her. Mr. Madison will receive the undivided vote of this state. The house of Assembly has made choice of Jas. W. Wilkin, Esq. a decided supporter of the Washington nomination, as speaker. The votes stood 61 for Mr. Wilkin, and 46 for Mr. Rensselaer, a federalist. Every federalist elected to the assembly was at his post. Five republicans were absent. The following is the strength of parties in the legislature: Rep. Fed. Senate, 31 1, Assembly, 66 46, Total, 97 47. Mr. Rodman, the former clerk, is re-elected. To-morrow is the day set apart for the choice of Electors. Public. Adv.
Extract of a letter, dated Trenton, N. J. Nov. 1, from a member of the N. J. Legislature. After insisting on the validity of the choice of Electors, he proceeds: "The federal party are very industrious in propagating reports as to the insufficiency of our law. Their object is to paralyze the exertions of their opponents; by inducing a belief that their votes will be lost, whilst, at the same time, they will themselves strain every nerve, and try to carry their ticket, both for electors and representatives in Congress. We are however determined to convince them, by a sweeping majority, that they are feeble in comparison with the united strength of the republicans in the state; and in order to place the electoral votes of N. Jersey out of the possibility of danger, our legislature in joint meeting convened, will confirm the choice, of the people, and clothe them with double power. You need not fear, my friend—N. Jersey is firmly and decidedly Republican, and there is no risk in trusting the event of the election. "I omitted sending this immediately after writing it, and can now inform you of the re-appointment of gov. Bloomfield unanimously." Nat. Int.
The United States Attorney in Rhode-Island, is said to have received orders to seize all vessels loaded or loading without a Collector's permission. It is believed many vessels are in one of these situations, under an idea of their owners, that the embargo would be raised. Boston Paper. The gun-boats stationed on Lake Barataria have been very successful in capturing vessels engaged in violating the Embargo laws. A letter from a gentleman on board No. 19, dated at New-Orleans, Aug. 26, states, "that the amount of prize money to each man belonging to her will be upwards of 2,000 dollars." He further states "we are erecting telegraph houses along the river, and shall sail in a few days for our old station, where we confidently expect to meet with a repetition of our former good fortune."
THE ENQUIRER. RICHMOND, NOVEMBER 11, 1808. THE TIMES. The affairs of this country have now approached a crisis which requires all the talents, and all the virtues of the assembled council of the nation. The world have never yet beheld so complete a prostration of all those laws which have been usually respected by civilized nations. History cannot furnish an instance, in which belligerent powers of equal influence have manifested so extravagant a desire to destroy the resources of each other, or so little regard for the rights of neutrals. These encroachments have fallen with peculiar weight upon the people of the U. S. although they have scrupulously observed all those duties of neutrality, which are prescribed by the laws of nations. They have imposed an embargo to avoid these encroachments. With the same spirit of impartiality, which had uniformly guided all their actions, they have offered the same propositions to exempt either nation from the operation of their embargo, which should exempt them from the pressure of its iniquitous edicts. One has refused. The other has treated our fair proposition with silent neglect. The question now is, what is the best course, which can be pursued by the Congress of the U. States? There are only three great expedients presented to our choice. We may submit—we may resist by force—or we may retire from the atrocious encroachments of the powers of Europe. Which shall we choose? Some persons have indeed proposed an intermediate expedient—but there is every reason to apprehend, that this scheme would quickly resolve itself into one of the three others. These politicians would permit our Merchant Vessels to assume arms in their own defence. The most serious difficulties, however, occur in the consequences of this scheme. The expense requisite to fit out a merchant vessel, is considerable. This project requires arms, ammunition, and an additional number of seamen. It is not every branch of trade, whose profits would be sufficient to justify this expense. And the net profits of the trade of the U. S. would only be equal to the difference between its gross profits and the expense of these equipments. The great objection however, consists in the almost inevitable risk of provoking war. The power of arming our Merchantmen is certainly different from the possession of letters of marque and reprisal. Our vessels would have no other authority than to act on the defensive—and to resist the encroachments of any vessel that should attempt to interrupt their lawful voyages. But, would our merchantmen confine themselves to this object alone? Is there no danger that they would sometimes employ those resources, given to them for their own protection, for the purposes of offensive attack? Are there not some few among them, whom the spirit of cupidity would urge beyond the boundaries of their own defence, to a profligate attack upon the unoffending merchantmen of other nations? But even if our vessels were anxious to confine themselves to the very purposes of their commission, would it be always possible for them to comply with this requisition? A captain unjustly attacked on the high seas, cannot always be expected to limit the quantum of his exertions to the mere purposes of resistance. The spirit of revenge, whenever once excited by an unjust assault, would not always permit him to arrest his arm, when the period of danger would be over. Like an individual, who begins by acting on the defensive, he would frequently be hurried by his resentments to inflict the most desperate vengeance upon his assailants. But the our captains were disposed to respect the instructions of their country, without displaying the violence of the passions, their very exertions of resistance would sometimes involve their assailants in ruin and destruction. Their assailants themselves animated by the spirit of revenge, would not always cease the combat, until the American captains would be compelled to put forth all their resources to the utter destruction of their enemies. These transactions would in many cases convert the ocean into a scene of warfare, carnage and destruction. Such scenes would excite the resentment and vengeance of the countries, to whom the contending vessels respectively belonged. The citizens of the United States would not calmly behold their vessels and property destroyed, and their seamen murdered, in the prosecution of a just and honorable trade. The arrogant govern-
ment of the United States at any time in the power of the United States by combining with France to have oppressed and wounded England, or by combining with Great Britain to have injured France in a vital part; but adhering to the principle of a strict neutrality, our government has preserved the original position taken by Washington when the French revolution first broke out, which was to avoid all connexion with the French or the English, preserve an independent attitude, deal justly and impartially with the warring powers, and resist every encroachment which they should attempt upon our rights. The United States have gone through the doctrine of neutrality from beginning to end; and their foreign relations have now come emphatically to a crisis. How will the government of the United States meet that crisis? Three courses of conduct present themselves: I. A continuance of the Embargo without any further preparation for war. II. A continuance of the Embargo, with vigorous preparations for war, including the formation of two armies, one on our north-eastern frontier, and the other on our south-western frontier; with a corps-de-reserve of select militia for the defence of the central parts of the Union. III. An abrogation of the Embargo laws, a declaration of war against France & Great Britain, premiums for privateering expeditions against our common enemies, an invitation to the Spanish American Provincess to declare independence, throw off all allegiance upon Europe, and unite with us in resisting its injustice and tyranny; together with the formation of an army of 20 000 men for the invasion and subjugation of the British possessions in America. Upon these propositions, in some shape or another, our national legislature must deliberate and must decide. The representatives of the people are called to high duties, and they owe it to themselves, to their country and to posterity to discharge them with firmness; and that they will perform them with spirit, with energy, with judgment, no man who is acquainted with the American character can doubt. Monitor.
THE CRISIS. The conclusions which we have hitherto drawn of a favorable adjustment of our differences with European powers, have been bottomed upon the honorable, just and conciliating propositions of our government to the courts of France and Great-Britain. If they prove unfounded, they will only go to show that we have been disposed to place more confidence in the friendly dispositions of St. James and St. Cloud than they deserve. The efforts of our government to bring matters to a friendly issue with the belligerents may have failed, but the world will very shortly understand that it is owing to their own wickedness and not to our pertinacity. The American administration for the last 12 months has exhibited an example of moderation and forbearance which must asto-
OF THE CONDUCT OF CERTAIN PERSONS UNFRIENDLY TO THE UNITED STATES. It is not among foreign agents and factors only that the republican government of the U. States finds open foes and treacherous friends: there are native citizens who exert their energies to place the constituted authorities of America in circumstances which may involve us in war, or at least draw upon us the unfriendly dispositions of nations with whom we have heretofore been on terms of amity and entertained the most salutary relations of commerce. It cannot be concealed that the toleration which the laws of this country afford to the circulation of falsehood, and the facility with which the authors of it escape punishment, have more than once thrown the American government into an unpleasant situation and reduced it to humiliations as injurious as they are degrading. Richard Raynal Keene, esq. on arriving at Havana, promulgated a certain production which Mr. Keene carried with him to Cuba, where it was inserted in the Havana "Aurora." This production, calculated to inspire the Spaniards with the most vindictive sentiments towards the citizens of the United States, has been forwarded to Mr. Wagner, the editor of the Baltimore North American, a journal in the privileges and at the devotion of Robert Goodloe Harper, esq. who is the bosom friend and indissoluble correspondent of Richard Raynal Keene, esq. and from the North American I copy the article alluded to, which here follows: Translated for the North American. From the Havana Aurora Extraordinary of October 6, 1808. Published with permission of the Superior Government. A friend of ours has favored us with the following manuscript copy of an article extracted from the Court Gazette published in London on the 11th of August. "On the 9th, arrived the despatches, which were on their way to the United States of America, on board the French pilot-boat Eureuil, captain Guideau, which was carried to Falmouth by the brig of war Gnst. captain Sewell, which capture and occurrences we published in our gazette of the 3d. N.

ment of Great-Britain would still less tranquilly behold their assumption of the supremacy of the seas boldly resisted by a parcel of "Yankees"—their vessels destroyed by the exertions of the injured Americans, or captured by the rapacity of those, who might abuse their commission. These resentments would scarcely fail to have a correspondent effect upon the measures of the government. The ministry of Great-Britain would probably be tempted to issue their letters of marque and reprisal against the vessels of the United States—and war, an open and undisguised war, would probably be the issue of this intermediate expedient. It becomes therefore a question with the Congress of the United States, whether they will repeal the Embargo and then adopt a measure, which will most probably transfer their constitutional power of declaring war—to a parcel of merchants and captains. Yet this measure, however in-expedient in itself, is infinitely preferable to submission.
But three great expedients, therefore, are presented to the choice of the American people—Had either of the belligerent powers indeed thought proper to except our commerce from the operation of its decrees, it is true that there would have been another and a more advantageous course before us. We might have excepted that nation from the operation of our Embargo, and totally refused all communion of commerce with her enemy. But as neither of these nations seems as yet disposed to respect our most sacred rights, their impolitic and unjust pertinacity compels us either to resort to War—to Submission—or to adhere to the Embargo.
Shall we resort to Submission? Shall we repeal the Embargo, and suffer our merchants to carry on whatever branches of commerce are left open to their enterprise; a commerce subjected to the impositions of the decrees of Europe, to all the risks of capture, to the contraction of the market, to British tribute and British taxation? This is one of the most degrading and preposterous ideas which could enter into the mind of a politician. No man worthy of the name of an American would ever consent to maintain a "peaceable intercourse" with nations, who subject our rights to such intolerable encroachments.
If we submit, a large portion of our exports must perish on our hands for want of a market. Our rice, our cotton, our tobacco, are nearly cut off from the continent by the joint operation of the British and French decrees. Though the ports of Spain and Portugal may now be open to our trade, it is impossible to say how soon even this scanty resource may be denied to us. The history of Europe for the last ten years forbids us to indulge any very flattering anticipations on this head.
If we submit, a large proportion of our vessels, seamen, and property will serve to enrich those very freebooters who have dared to violate our rights.
If we submit, we must not only sustain the loss of these captured cargoes, but the imposition of British tribute upon the cargoes which we export to and import from the continent. These impositions will constitute a serious deduction from the profits of that scanty and dishonourable commerce, which we shall be permitted to maintain with these European Marauders.
But submission would be the height of absurdity and madness. If we should yield to the usurpations which Great-Britain has already attempted, we shall not soon possess a single right on the ocean. If we concede these points, it will be only an invitation to her to seize upon others. If we submit to these encroachments upon our trade, there is not a single branch of it, which will escape her fangs.
She may levy an exorbitant duty upon all the productions which are sent to Europe. She may extend these arrogant impositions to all the goods which we import from that continent.
She may extend a similar system to the West-Indies. She may establish a general custom-house and licensing office in Jamaica, and publish an announcement to the people of the United States, that none of their vessels shall trade with the West-Indies, without calling at Jamaica and paying an exorbitant duty on their cargoes.
Or what is more probable still, she may prohibit our trade with any other West India Islands than her own, by proclaiming all others to be under a state of blockade. Such was the very course, which the Committee on the Distillation of Molasses have already recommended the House of Commons to pursue, "in case the Americans should rescind their Embargo."
If we submit to the present encroachments of Great-Britain, we might as well cast our Declaration of Independence into the flames, and submit to the humble conditions of British colonies. If submission is to be the order of the day, it would be far more compatible to our own interests to permit the residence of British collectors in our ports to receive their duty on our cargoes—or what would still be better, to send over a special minister to London, with power to negotiate in the lump for the privilege of navigating the seas, at the lowest possible rate of tribute. As to the honour of the United States, it would be completely out of the question.
If we submit, we are authorising Great-Britain, in all the subsequent ways to which she may be a party, to resort to the same intolerable system of usurpation. We are therefore contending now not only for our own rights, but for those of our posterity.
If then every feeling of the American nation, if our dearest rights and most valuable interests, if all the heroic sacrifices of our fathers and the glorious deeds of our revolution, rise up in arms against commercial submission and British tribute; to what other expedients shall we resort? Shall we fly to arms? Shall we lift the bloody banners of war?
But what politician will dare to compare the risks of hostilities; the waste of blood and treasure; the demoralising influence on the manners of society; the increase of executive patronage, the dangers resulting from enormous armies, to liberty & the constitution—with the temporary privations which are produced by the Embargo? No man has yet dared to avow such a preference except Christopher Gore of Boston—and even that man has not yet dared to avow the slightest wish, that our thunders should be pointed against his favorite Britain. But even if the evils of war were comparatively less than those of the Embargo, would it not be preposterous to war against a world in arms? Shall we declare hostilities both against France and England? Which of them must be selected as our adversary? Let the war be declared against Britain, & an alliance struck with France. & it requires more than mortal mind to predict the consequences—Buoyed as even war, rather than submission.
In every point of view, therefore, it appears to be the interest of this country to retain the embargo, for the present—There is only one circumstance, which is calculated to produce even a moment's doubt on the subject; the opposition of some of the Eastern men to its provisions. But this opposition has been extremely exaggerated by the missionaries of Britain; and there is every reason to believe, that when the enlightened representatives of the East shall come to compare their notes with those of the South and West, all apprehensions on this point will completely vanish.
The path which opens before this assembled council of the nation, is apparently as lucid as a ray of light—Let them only be united, prudent, patient and temperate in their measures, and they will consummate the work of their country.
It would be difficult to strike out any particular project for their adoption—but a few traits have irresistibly seized our attention. It is not best to postpone any precipitate resolutions on the repeal of the Embargo—to reserve that question until the close of their session?
Is it not best to avail themselves of all the events which may possibly arise in the European world?—Many of these are, in all probability, calculated to work for our benefit:
1. From the resolution of Congress to adhere to the Embargo, the powers of Europe will not only be penetrated with astonishment at our firmness, but a despair in the impotency of their own measures.
2. The Cabinet of Great-Britain will have time to hear of the successful result of our Presidential election. They will perceive how unavailing have been all their efforts to control it. They will discover in the election of Madison a most decided proof of the attachment of the people to the measures of the present administration.
3. The people of G. Britain are becoming more sensitive to the effects of our embargo. The crops of wheat have been inconsiderable; and large bodies of troops require large funds for their consumption. The stock of materials which their manufacturers had on hand, at the time of the imposition of our embargo—particularly cotton, are nearly exhausted.
4. The British cabinet have imbibed considerable hopes, encouragement and perseverance, from the success of the patriots in Spain. But the philanthropist has the strongest reasons to apprehend, that this success will not be of permanent duration; that the superior tactics and discipline of French armies will be able to overthrow the numbers and gallantry of that persecuted nation; and that the large reinforcements, which are now pouring into that devoted country, will be sufficient to achieve a revolution in the fate of its affairs.
Most of these events are probably calculated to shake the purposes of Britain, and to produce a material change in the measures of congress, before the close of its session.
In the mean time it is not proper for Congress to enforce still more strongly the Embargo Laws—to enact some corporal punishment for its violation—to authorise the Executive to employ a greater number of Seamen—to place all our gun-boats and armed vessels under requisition—and to authorise the executive to employ a certain number of cutters and fast sailing vessels, for the purpose of overtaking and detecting smugglers?
How far it may also be proper to impose additional duties upon such foreign goods, as are of can be manufactured within the United States; is certainly a question entitled to their deliberation. These aids to D. Manufacturers might compensate the E. for their comparatively greater abridgement of trade.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 8. THIS DAY, AT 12 O'CLOCK, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES COMMUNICATED, BY MR. COLES, HIS SECRETARY, THE FOLLOWING MESSAGE TO BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS. To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States.
It would have been a source, Fellow-Citizens, of much gratification, if our last communications from Europe had enabled me to inform you, that the belligerent nations, whose disregard of neutral rights has been so destructive to our commerce, had become awakened to the duty and true policy of revoking their unrighteous edicts. That no means might be omitted to produce this salutary effect, I lost no time in availing myself of the act authorising a suspension in whole or in part, of the several embargo laws. Our ministers at London and Paris were instructed to explain to the respective governments there, our disposition to exercise the authority in such manner as would withdraw the pretext on which the aggressors were originally founded, and open the way for a renewal of that commercial intercourse which it was alleged on all sides had been reluctantly obstructed. As each of those governments had pledged its readiness to concur in renouncing a measure which reached its adversary through the incontestible rights of neutrals only, and as the measure had been assumed by each as a retaliation for an asserted acquiescence in the aggressions of the other, it was reasonably expected that the occasion would have been seized by both for evincing the sincerity of their professions, and for restoring to the commerce of the U. States its legitimate freedom. The instructions to our ministers with respect to the different belligerents were necessarily modified with a reference to their different circumstances, and to the condition annexed by law to the Executive power of suspension, requiring a degree of security to our commerce which would not result from a repeal of the decrees of France. Instead of a pledge, therefore, of a suspension of the embargo as to her in case of such repeal, it was presumed that a sufficient inducement might be found in other considerations, and particularly in the change produced by a compliance with our just demands by one belligerent, and a refusal by the other, in the relations between this other and the United States. To Great Britain, whose power on the ocean is so ascendant, it was deemed not inconsistent with that condition, to state explicitly, that on her rescinding her orders in relation to the United States, their trade would be opened with her, and remain shut to her enemy, in case of his failure to rescind his decrees also. From France no answer has been received, nor any indication that the requisite change in her decrees is contemplated. The favorable reception of the proposition to Great Britain was the less to be doubted as her orders of council had not only been referred for their vindication to an acquiescence on the part of the United States no longer to be pretended, but as the arrangement proposed, whilst it resisted the illegal decrees of France, involved moreover substantially, the precise advantages professedly aimed at by the British orders. The arrangement has nevertheless been rejected.
This candid and liberal experiment having thus failed, and no other event having occurred on which a suspension of the Embargo by the executive was authorised, it necessarily remains in the extent originally given to it. We have the satisfaction, however, to reflect that in return for the privations imposed by the measure, and which our fellow-citizens in general have borne with patriotism, it has had the important effects of saving our mariners and our vast mercantile property, as well as of affording time for prosecuting the defensive and provisional measures called for by the occasion. It has demonstrated to foreign nations the moderation and firmness which governed our councils, and to our citizens the necessity of uniting in support of the laws and the rights of their country; and has thus long frustrated those usurpations and spoliations which, if resisted involved war, if submitted to, sacrificed a vital principle of our national independence.
Under a continuance of the belligerent measures, which in defiance of laws which consecrate the rights of neutrals, overspread the ocean with danger, it will rest with the wisdom of Congress to decide on the course best adapted to such a state of things; and bringing with them, as they do, from every part of the union, the sentiments of our constituents, my confidence is strengthened that in forming this decision, they will with an unerring regard to the essential rights and interests of the nation, weigh and compare the painful alternatives out of which a choice is to be made. Nor should I do justice to the virtues which on other occasions have marked the character of our fellow citizens, if I did not cherish an equal confidence, that the alternative chosen, whatever it may be, will be maintained with all the fortitude and patriotism which the crisis ought to inspire.
The documents containing the correspondences on the subject of the foreign edicts against our commerce, with the instruction given to our ministers at London and Paris, are now laid before you.
The communications made to Congress at their last session, explained the posture in which the close of the discussions relative to the attack by a British ship of war on the frigate Chesapeake, left a subject on which the nation had manifested so honorable a sensibility. Every view of what had passed authorised a belief that immediate steps would be taken by the British government for redressing a wrong, which, the more it was investigated, appeared the more clearly to require what had not been provided for in the special mission. It is found that no steps have been taken for the purpose. On the contrary it will be seen, in the documents laid before you, that the inadmissible preliminary, which obstructed the adjustment, is still adhered to; and moreover that it is now brought into connection with the distinct and irreconcilable case of the orders in council. The instructions which had been given to our minister at London, with a view to facilitate, if necessary, the reparation claimed by the United States, are included in the documents communicated.
Our relations with the other powers of Europe have undergone no material changes since your last session. The important negotiations with Spain, which had been alternately suspended and resumed, necessarily experience a pause, under the extraordinary and interesting crisis which distinguishes her internal situation.
With the Barbary powers we continue in harmony, with the exception of an unjustifiable proceeding of the Dey of Algiers towards our consul to that regency. Its character & circumstances are now laid before you, and will enable you to decide how far it may either now or hereafter call for any measures not within the limits of the Executive authority.
With our Indian neighbors peace has been steadily maintained. Some instances of individual wrong have, as at other times, taken place, but in no wise implicating the will of the nation. Beyond the Mississippi the Ioways, the Sacs and the Alabamas have delivered up for trial and punishment individuals from among themselves accused of murdering citizens of the United States. On this side the Mississippi the Creeks are exerting themselves to arrest offenders of the same kind, and the Choctaws have manifested their readiness and desire for amicable and just arrangements respecting depredations committed by disorderly persons of their tribe. And generally, from a conviction that we consider them as a part of ourselves, and cherish with sincerity their rights and interests, the attachment of the Indian tribes is gaining strength daily, is extending from the nearer to the more remote, and will amply requite us for the justice and friendship practised towards them. Husbandry and household manufacture are advancing among them, more rapidly with the Southern than Northern tribes, from circumstances of soil and climate, and one of the two great divisions of the Cherokee nation have now under consideration to solicit the citizenship of the United States, and to be identified with us in laws and government in such progressive manner as we shall think best.
In consequence of the appropriations of the last session of Congress for the security of our seaport towns and harbors, such works of defence have been erected as seemed to be called for by the situation of the several places, their relative importance, and the scale of expense indicated by the amount of the appropriation. These works will chiefly be finished in the course of the present season, except at New-York and New-Orleans, where most was to be done; and although a great proportion of the last appropriation has been expended on the former place, yet some further views will be submitted to Congress for rendering its security entirely adequate against naval enemy. A view of what has been done at the several places, & of what is proposed to be done, shall be communicated as soon as the several reports are received.
Of the gun-boats authorised by the act of December last, it has been thought necessary to build only one hundred and three in the present year. These, with those before possessed, are sufficient for the harbors and waters most exposed, and the residue will be required little time for their construction when it shall be deemed necessary.
Under the act of the last session for raising an additional military force, so many officers were immediately appointed as were necessary for carrying on the business of recruiting, and in proportion as it advanced, others have been added. We have reason to believe their success has been satisfactory, although such returns have not yet been received as enable me to present you a statement of the numbers engaged.
I have not thought it necessary, in the course of the last season to call for any general detachments of militia or of volunteers, under the laws passed for that purpose.
For the ensuing season however, they will be required to be in readiness, should their services be wanted. Some small and special detachments have been necessary to maintain the laws of embargo, on that portion of our northern frontier which offered peculiar facilities for evasion. But these were replaced as soon as it could be done by bodies of new recruits. By the aid of these and of the armed vessels called into service in other quarters, the spirit of disobedience and abuse, which manifested itself early, & with sensible effect while we were unprepared to meet it, has been considerably repressed.
Considering the extraordinary character of the times in which we live, our attention should unremittingly be fixed on the safety of our country. For a people who are free, and who mean to remain so, a well organized and armed militia is their best security. It is therefore incumbent on us, at every meeting, to revise the condition of the militia, and to ask ourselves if it is prepared to repel a powerful enemy at every point of our territories exposed to invasion? Some of the states have paid a laudable attention to this object; but every degree of neglect is to be found among others. Congress alone having the power to produce an uniform state of preparation in this great organ of defence—the interests which they so deeply feel in their own and their country's security will present this as among the most important objects of their deliberation.
Under the acts of March 11 and April 23, respecting arms, the difficulty of procuring them from abroad, during the present situation and dispositions of Europe, induced us to direct our whole efforts to the means of internal supply. The public factories have therefore been enlarged, additional machineries erected, and in proportion as artificers can be found or formed, their effect, already more than doubted, may be increased, so as to keep pace with the yearly increase of the militia. The annual sums appropriated by the latter act have been directed to the encouragement of private factories of arms, and contracts have been entered into with individual undertakers to nearly the amount of the first year's appropriation.
The suspension of our foreign commerce, produced by the injustice of the belligerent powers, and the consequent losses and sacrifices of our citizens, are subjects of just concern. The situation into which we have thus been forced has impeded us to apply a portion of our industry and capital, to internal manufactures and improvements. The extent of this conversion is daily increasing and little doubt remains that the establishments formed and forming, will, under the auspices of cheaper materials and subsistence, the freedom of labor from taxation with us, and of protecting duties and prohibitions, become permanent. The commerce with the Indians too, within our own boundaries, is likely to receive abundant aliment from the same internal source, and will secure to them peace and the progress of civilization unobstructed by practices hostile to both.
The accounts of the receipts and expenditures during the year ending on the thirty-first day of September last, being not yet made up, a correct statement will hereafter be transmitted to the treasury. In the mean time it is ascertained that the receipts have amounted to near eighteen millions of dollars, which with the eight millions and an half in the treasury at the beginning of the year, have enabled us after meeting the current demands, and interest incurred, to pay two millions three hundred thousand dollars of the principal of our funded debt, and left us in the treasury on that day near fourteen millions of dollars. Of these, five millions three hundred and fifty thousand dollars will be necessary to pay what will be due on the first day of January next, which will complete the reimbursement of the eight per cent. Stock. These payments, with those made in the six years and an half preceding, will have extinguished thirty-three millions five hundred and eighty thousand dollars of the principal of the funded debt, being the whole which could be paid or purchased within the limits of the law and our contracts, and the amount of principal thus discharged will have liberated the revenue from about two millions of dollars of interest, and added that sum annually to the disposable surplus. The probable accumulation of the surpluses of revenue beyond what can be applied to the payment of the public debt, whenever the freedom and safety of our commerce shall be restored, merits the consideration of Congress. Shall it be unproductive in the public vaults? Shall the revenue be reduced? or shall it not rather be appropriated to the improvements of roads, canals, rivers, education and other great foundations of prosperity and union, under the powers which Congress may already possess, or such amendment of the constitution as may be approved by the States? While uncertain of the course of things the time may be advantageously employed in obtaining the powers necessary for a system of improvement, should that be thought best.
Availing myself of this, the last occasion which will occur of addressing the two Houses of Legislature at their meeting, I cannot omit the expression of my sincere gratitude, for the repeated proofs of confidence manifested to me, by themselves and their predecessors since my call to the administration, and the many indulgencies experienced at their hands. The same grateful acknowledgements are due to my fellow-citizens generally, whose support has been my great encouragement under all embarrassments. In the transaction of their business I cannot have escaped error. It is incident to our imperfect nature. But I may say with truth my errors have been of the understanding, not of intention, and that the advancement of their rights and interests has been the constant motive for every measure. On these considerations I solicit their indulgence. Looking forward with anxiety to their future destinies, I trust that in their steady character, unswerving by difficulties, in their love of liberty, obedience to law, and support of the public authorities, I see a sure guarantee of the permanence of our republic; and retiring from the charge of their affairs, I carry with me the consolation of a firm persuasion that Heaven has in store for our beloved country, long ages of prosperity and happiness.
TH: JEFFERSON. November 8, 1808.
Accompanying the public message of the President were the communications therein referred to, which shall be laid before the public with all possible despatch. A confidential message was likewise presented, wherein we understand, contains nothing more than personal allusions in the correspondence, publicly imparted to Congress. These important communications kept the two Houses in session until past 3 o'clock in the afternoon. No business of consequence was transacted in either House during the day.
Extract from an authentic letter, from a gentleman in London, to his friend in this city, dated Aug. 22, 1808.
"This blockading plan is ruin to us all—in our quarter of the town in particular. We have thousands and thousands out of employment, for want of silk; this article has advanced to the enormous price of 100s. per pound—double the usual price.
"Building at a total stand for want of timber; shopkeepers ruined for want of customers.
"Our East and West-India Merchants would be ruined, were it not for the aid of the governmental loan of seven millions, to keep them from bankruptcy, their goods being spoiled in the warehouses for want of exportation."
* SPITALFIELDS. The following pertinent remarks are extracted from a letter from a member of Congress to the Editor of the Enquirer, dated Washington, Nov. 7.
"I have this moment returned from the House of Representatives, which with the Senate, formed a quorum to day, and received a communication from the President, through the joint committee of both houses, that to-morrow at 12 o'clock, he would send them a message in writing—Speculations upon the message can do no harm, as it will tend upon the heels of my letter, and correct the effects of any conjectures which I may have hazarded. I have no doubt that it will communicate to us, and to the nation, that offers have been made to the great belligerents, the most liberal and pacific; magnanimously conceding what might be termed the puerilia of honor, to retain that justice which has been so long without an acknowledgment of those rights so wantonly invaded and trampled upon by them, and that those offers have been made in vain.
"It will remain for us, therefore, to rely solely upon our own energies, and make appeal to the people, for a liberal support and co-operation. The exiguity to which weems a single drop of American blood flows, will render at the risk of his life and fortune, because it will be essential to the preservation of his own honor and the offended honor of his country—do not misunderstand me by supposing I mean that we shall forthwith or ultimately declare war. We will not remain in the precise situation we now occupy, we must not recede—but shall take such course as the circumstances of our country may justify for attaining the great objects of our long-sought negotiations.
"Further negotiation will be in vain, and it will be humiliation, the most degraded, to continue it, while the doors are shut in our faces, and our remonstrances are trampled under foot. Did I not know something of the secret springs which guide the career of federalism, and quiddity, I would expect the honorable sacrifice of their hostile expedits upon the altar of their country—but we need not indulge the hope. Nero fiddled while Rome was burning; and like the rage of Avalanches,
"No prayers, no healing art, E'er beat that fierce inexorable heart."
Extract of another letter to the same. The President's communication consists of two parts, one private.
"The public one evinces the zealous endeavors of the government to a conciliation with Britain and France, (with Britain unsuccessfully) France not heard from, and exhibits a very flattering view of the state of our finances. The farewell address contained in it, is patriotic and affectionate, & speaks in glowing terms, the excellence of the Man, and the purity of the Patriot."
ELECTION OF ELECTORS. (CONTINUED.)
Madison Monroe Pinckney Ticket. Ticket. Ticket. Returns in our last, 672 120 3 Goochland, 192 42 0 Spottsylvania, 221 41 0 Charles City, 93 7 3 Prince George, 162 5 0 Amelia, 167 5 0 Hanover, 207 20 1 Powhatan, 167 23 0 King & Queen, 509 40 0 Stafford, 118 5 0 Isle of Wight, 218 38 0 Nansemond, 122 24 0 2639 370 7
"Scraps show how the wind blows"—The Federal paper of Charleston has merely consented to re-publish Wm. Smith's patriotic Speech on Domestic Manufactures—"By request."
There has been no constitutional choice for members of Congress in two districts in the state of Vermont, none of the candidates having a majority of the whole number of voters. Merc. Adv.
ON the first day of next month, will be sold, on a credit of twelve months, at the late residence of John Mosby decd. in the upper end of Henrico, several NEGROES, a small stock of HORSES and CATTLE, and some articles of household FURNITURE, belonging to the estate of the decd. Bond with approved security, to carry interest from the date, will be required of the purchasers for all sums above five dollars, and for all sums under that, ready money. JOHN SHEPPARD, Administrator. Nov. 11. [24]
N. B. Persons having claims against the above estate, will please to make them known to me on the day of sale. J. S.
NOTICE—The Subscribers having commenced business in this place under the firm of BYCE & GORDON in the Grocery and Commission line, beg leave to offer their service to their friends and the public, to transact any business on commission that may be entrusted to their care. JOHN BYCE, JOHN M. GORDON, Lynchburg, Nov. 1, 1808. [14W4D]
JAMES STRATTON, TAYLOR—At the corner of the Brick Row and the Cross street leading to Mayo's Bridge, respectfully informs the public and his former customers, that (having returned to this city, and resumed his profession) he is ready and willing to execute their commands, on the shortest notice, in the best manner, and on the most reasonable terms. Nov. 11. [17]
COMMITTEE to the jail of Essex county BEN, who says he belongs to Samuel Pleasants of Powhatan county, and ran away from William Hicks of Goochland, to whom he was hired, and by him employed in a coal-yard—The said BEN is about 45 years of age, 5 feet 4 inches high, has a scar on the left side of his face, first opposite his nose, grey hairs on the right side of his head, had on when committed, a pair of brown linen trousers, blue pound jacket, and snuff colored waistcoat. His owner is requested to come forward, take him away, and pay charges, or the laws in such cases will be enforced by JOHN GIBSON, Deputy Sheriff. Nov. 11. [34]
WANTED a TUTOR, in a private family, a single man qualified to teach the Latin and English languages grammatically, and Arithmetic. Apply to Charles Woodson, Goochland county, near Charlottesville. Oct 23. [80W4D]

EXTERIOR.
French official account of the latest events in Spain.
(Concluded.)
PARIS, Sept. 9.
The blockade of the place, into which several corps of insurgents, who could no longer hold the field, had thrown themselves, was now completely formed.
General Duhesme commanded in Catalonia, having his head quarters at Barcelona. In some parts of this province complots were also commencing to work. The sparks of revolt burst out in the towns of Mauresa and Tarragona. On requisition made to them, they promised submission. Not, however, complying with the promise, Gen. Schwartz received directions to repair to Montserrat, there to make researches, information having been given of new plots. On the 6th of June he met the insurgents at Bruc, overthrew them, and killed a number of them. He also obtained advantages at Espeguera, Martorell, and at Mal- s del Bre. Other attempts of insurgent peasantry had fortified themselves with cannon on the river Llobregat; they had possessed themselves of the artillery which they found on the coast. Gen. Duhesme caused them to be attacked, and from the 8th till the 11th they were pursued at all points and their artillery taken from them. This expedition was terminated without any loss on our part, whilst the insurgents paid dearly for their temerity.
Fresh reinforcements of peasants, from the mountains, having poured down into the plains, they cut off the Montgat and Moneada, and beset the small fort of Moncajo, where they entrenched themselves. On the 17th they were attacked, & almost as quickly overthrown. The fort of Montgat was taken, the insurgents lost many men, their colours, and 20 pieces of different calibre.
General Lecchi, pursuing the fugitives on the road, arrived at the town of Mataro, which was put into a state of defence, and barricaded, he attacked the town with the same celerity, took possession of it and carried off ten guns from the batteries. General Duhesme directed the same column towards the Narrows of St. Paul, on the 29th he attacked them, and, without delay, rushed upon the enemy and took ten pieces of artillery from them. In sequel of these various engagements, which had in view to secure the communication, General Duhesme returned to Barcelona. He had scarcely 100 men killed and wounded, the loss of the insurgents was notable. During these operations, a fresh line of insurgents had formed behind Llobregat, which by the melting of the snows that had for some days fallen in the mountains, had swelled considerably. They had erected at Molino del Re, a battery of three guns which ranged the bridge, that had been broken down in several parts, and all the fords of the river down to the mouth of it were beset, besides two flying pieces hovered on the line.
On the 30th of June, in the morning, the troops marched to try the insurgents. Gen. Goules & Brigadier General Bessieres proceeded to the mouth of the river, forced the passage, and pushed up the right bank of it, taking all the positions of the insurgents in the rear, who offered no resistance and experienced great loss; at the same time the division of General Lecchi, assailed the bridges of Molines del Re, took the three pieces guarding the passage-way. The residue part of the insurgents who were beaten in every direction, fell back on Martorell, their place of rallying; General Lecchi then pursued them sword in hand, and dislodged them from their position. It is scarcely possible to exaggerate their loss; 40,000 stand of arms were picked up in the field of battle, and all the artillery the insurgents had, fell a prey to the victors.
On one side the Figueras, attempts of peasantry had formed to break off the communications of that place. General Reible proceeded thither from Bellegarde on the 5th of July; after having beaten and dispersed the insurgents he threw provisions into the place, and strengthened the garrison.
Whilst these events of which we have given account, were taking place in Biscay, Navarre, Arragon, & Catalonia, Marshal Moncey put himself in march with his light corps towards Valencia, where also an insurrection had burst out. On the 1st of June he met with the insurgents, entrenched in a fair position around the village of Pesquera, presenting with four pieces of artillery the bridge of Gabriel and its entrance from the narrows. The bridge and the narrows were carried; the insurgents left their artillery, and 500 Swiss and Spanish guard came over to our ranks. The insurgents united with their main army, retreated to Cabreras, and before Sigre Annas, where they in their own opinion entrenched themselves in an impregnable situation. On the 24th, Marshal Moncey attacked vigorously their position, truly rugged and arduous, and expelled them from it; they fled in disorder, and left the whole of their ordnance, consisting of 12 pieces, their ammunition, and their baggage.
The army pursued its way to Valencia, where a sedition conventicle had assembled. He met the insurgents one mile and a half from the city. They had entrenched themselves behind the canal, and defended the bridge of the high road, passing through the village, with artillery, which bridge had been broken down. The artillery were instantly posted. The troops marched on in different columns, and in less than an hour, the columns of the insurgents were broken, the bridge re-established, the village Quarto taken possession of, five pieces of artillery conquered, and the insurgents entirely dispersed. On the next day at day-break, Marshal Moncey repaired to Valencia; the vicinage of that city intersected by a number of canals, and covered with gardens and houses; the suburbs reach to the gates. Marshal Moncey ordered the attack. French intrepidity surmounted all obstacles; the suburbs were taken and bestowed with dead bodies; 20 pieces of artillery were taken, but the walls covered with breaches, were secured against any storm. The Marshal pitched his camp, in expectation of some heavy artillery.
A few days after he received intelligence, that a division of the insurgents from 5 to 6000 in number intended to maintain the field. He marched immediately to attack them, and moved for that purpose to the right bank of the Eucar. The heights were immediately attacked and carried; the insurgents were dispersed, with the loss of several pieces of cannon, and driven back to the height of Almanza. On the 3d they were surprised at break of day, and a great number of them killed. Our troops occupied Almanza, and Marshal Moncey was ordered to take up a position at St. Clemente. He had collected the necessary heavy ordnance to besiege Valencia, when the occurrences, which took place in Andalusia, called for
different measures. During these various movements, in the course of which Marshal Moncey fought no less than six battles, killed a vast number of the enemy, took fifty pieces of cannon, and three standards of colours, his loss consists in 200 killed and 500 wounded. While these operations were carrying on, the people of Cuenza committed the most enormous excesses against a French officer and several soldiers. General Caulin court received orders to put himself in motion with his brigade, to chastise them for their outrageous conduct. He marched accordingly from Tarragon on the 1st of July, and reached Cuenza on the 3d, at four o'clock in the afternoon. On his approach the insurgents appeared determined to defend the town; they were three thousand in number, and had two pieces of cannon. General Caulin attacked them without delay; they lost their artillery, and were so completely routed, that they relinquished all ideas of defending the town, and retreated from all points to the mountains, leaving behind their arms, and from seven to eight hundred killed and wounded. The town, which was deserted by all the inhabitants on the approach of the French, was given up to pillage.
General Dupont, who left Madrid at the end of May, proceeded to Andalusia. In the first days of June he passed the Sierra Morena, and directed his march towards the Guadalquivir. On his arrival at Andujar, he received intelligence that the insurgents had formed a Council of Government in Seville, and part of the district of Jaen had raised the standard of sedition, and that a very considerable body of insurgents was assembled in the vicinity of Cordova; he immediately put himself in motion to attack them. On the 6th of June he took possession of Montoro, Carpio, and Bagalacura, without having met with any insurgents but a reconnoitering party, which had pushed on as far as Alcolea, a short distance from Cordova, reported that they were in considerable force in and near that town, and seemed determined to dispute the passage of the Guadalquivir.
The mountain of Alcolea is of considerable extent and difficult of access; it was defended by a tete de pont , by batteries erected on a height, and by corps of infantry, which, from one bank of the river, kept up a very brisk musketry fire on the other. The first attack was made on the 7th of June at break of day. On its being observed, that the bridge was not destroyed, orders were immediately given to attack the entrenchedments, which were found of uncommon depth. The bridge-head, the bridge, and the village of Alcolea were carried in a few moments. The insurgents fled in the utmost confusion, leaving behind their artillery and a vast number of killed and wounded. All who had escaped from the battle of Alcolea, retreated into the city of Cordova, without daring to maintain the camp which the insurgents had formed in the front of the city, and where a strange and uncommon medley of arms, pikes, and English muskets, were found.
When the army had reached Cordova, the General sent for the Corregidor, or magistrate of the town, and also desired the Prior of a Convent to endeavor to prevail on him not to make any resistance, but to accept the offer of mercy made him. These measures, however, failed of success; and the insurgents, composed of 13,000 armed peasantry and 2000 regular troops, fired from all sides on the French, the gates were forced, and the town was taken by assault. The advantages gained this day were important; the enemy sustained a severe loss, and tranquillity was restored in the place.
On the 19th, Captain Barte was detached with a column of 900 foot, and 100 horse and artillery, to procure provisions from Jaen. The insurgents fired at two men who marched at the head of the columns with flags of truce. The following morning he made an attack on the entrenched camp, the citadel, and the town; it was made with the utmost vigor; and all the enemy's positions were carried. The insurgents had 200 killed and 500 wounded. In the mean time, two divisions of smugglers, composed of about 3000 men, had proceeded to Sierra Morena, and intercepted the communication with Madrid. The Duke of Rovigo, who had assumed the command in chief after the departure of the Grand Duke of Berg, detached thither General Wedel with his own division, and that of General Gobert.
General Wedel arrived on the 26th of June at the narrow passes of Pena Penor. To come in sight of the enemy, attack and rout him, was the work of a moment. The insurgents lost 900 men, their artillery, provisions, and warlike stores. We had two killed and 10 wounded, and General Wedel immediately formed a junction with General Dupont, who ordered the former to occupy Baylen, and General Gobert to take up a position in or near Carolina. With his first division he occupied Andujar, on the Guadalquivir, where he constructed a tete-de-pont . Another bridge-head was erected near the village of Manjubar, on the road which leads from Jaen to Baylen.
It was of material consequence to maintain the position of Jaen, which was nearer the line of communication than Andujar; and it was impossible to keep possession of the latter, as soon as the enemy should have occupied the former. General of Brigade, Casanueva, was detached against Jaen. In the beginning of July he had several actions with the insurgents, in which he constantly proved victorious.
The position of general Dupont, which at first appeared rather critical, could no longer excite any uneasiness, since he was reinforced, and it was in his power, in the course of one day, to place the passes of the Sierra Morena between himself and the enemy. He had more troops than he stood in need of, if not to restore order in the province, at least to guard against any surprise which might be attempted by the insurgents. Such was the state of affairs about the 20th July, the time of the arrival of the king of Spain. The insurgents were dispersed in all parts, disarmed, subdued or curbed, and made no resistance of moment.
The preparations for the siege of Saragossa were carried on with the utmost vigor, and the heavy ordnance necessary for that purpose had arrived at Pampeluna from Bayonne. The insurgents made on the 23d of July a rally, and attacked the troops who occupied the left banks of the Ebro. A body of insurgents, the principal part of which consisted of the third battalion of the volunteers of Arragon, was drawing near on the 30th June, with a view of penetrating into the town, and reinforcing the garrison. All the operations and attempts of the insurgents failed of success; they were every where defeated and put to flight.
On the 26th August the breach was judged practicable and an assault was ordered to be made. The gates of St. Ignacio and Carmen were forced. At the end of very obsti-
nate engagements, which lasted several days, 14 entrenched convents, three-fourths of the town, the arsenal and all the magazines were taken. The peaceful inhabitants, who, encouraged by the advantages gained by the French, hoisted the white flag, or came with a flag of truce to make offers of submission, were murdered by the insurgents, at the head of whom Monks were seen transformed into Colonels and Captains. A great number of these wretches have perished, and the ill-fated town of Saragossa is almost entirely destroyed by bombs and conflagrations.
In the mean while, the whole regular army of Andalusia and Galicia took an active part in the rebellion; and the troops of the line, who were stationed in Madrid, St. Sebastian, Barcelona, and other places, joined the insurgents. The French, who arrived in Spain as friends, acting in concert with the ministers, councils and principal citizens, forebore to disarm the Spanish troops, and refrained for a considerable length of time from all hostilities. Experience now shows that this generosity of conduct has been ill-required.
Intelligence had been received, that a corps of 35,000 men, with 40 pieces of cannon, is assembled at Benevento, attended by English Commissioners and Officers. All the Spanish prisoners who were sent back to Spain by the British government, and who are distinguished from the rest by the red regimentals which they received in London, form part of that corps. This corps shewed an intention to march to Burgos, but Marshal Bessieres marched to meet them with the divisions of infantry of Generals Monton and Merle, and with the division of cavalry of General Lasalle, amounting in the whole to 12,000 men.
On the 14th, at break of day, he came in sight of the enemy, who occupied a large extent of ground on the heights of Medina del Rio Secco. As soon as the enemy's position was ascertained, the Marshal determined to attack them on the left, and General Daragnaz at the head of his brigade, was the first who engaged the enemy. At the same time General Monton rendered himself master of the town of Medina del Rio Secco, with fixed bayonets, and Generals Lavelle, Duros and Sabathier, led on their brigades under acclamations of "Long live the Emperor." All the positions were carried, and the enemy put to flight with fixed bayonets; the insurgents lost all their artillery, consisting of forty pieces of cannon, and the whole Spanish army was thrown into the utmost confusion. Six thousand were made prisoners, and more than twelve thousand were left on the field of battle. All their baggage and military stores fell into our hands, and a number of officers were found among the slain. The 10th and 22d regiments of the chasseurs, and in general all the troops covered themselves with glory.
The enemy fled in the utmost disorder to Benevento, where they only remained a few moments, and retreated to Labanera, Attorga, and Leon. They left behind in Villa Pardo, 5,000 pounds of gunpowder and 1,000,000 cartridges. The English Colonel who attended the army of the insurgents in the quality of commissioner, repaired to Lugo before the commencement of the action.
Marshal Bessieres pursued the enemy and arrived on the 18th at Benevento, where he found 10,000 muskets, 26,000 pounds of gunpowder and 200,000 cartridges, which the enemy left behind him in the hurry of his flight. He received a letter of submission from the inhabitants of Zamora, and on the following day, the 20th, he entered that town, whence he proceeded to Majorca, and received intelligence, that General Cuesta had passed through that place at the head of 500 horse, and ordered the fugitive army to rally.
On his arrival in Majorca, a deputation from Leon was presented to him. General Cuesta had quitted the town, leaving behind 10,000 muskets, a number of pistols and sabres, military stores, and five pieces of ordnance. Marshal Bessieres entered Leon on the 26th. The Bishop came two miles to meet him, and the council rallied the army before the gates of the town, assuring the Marshal of the submission of the inhabitants and imploring the mercy and protection of the conqueror.
By this important victory the provinces of Leon, Valencia, Valladolid, Zamora and Salamanca, were reduced to submission and disarmed; and the communication with Portugal was secured.
All these transactions, added to the King's arrival in Madrid, promised the most brilliant and fortunate return of the affairs of Spain, when General Dupont, after a series of events, which we cannot relate in this place, since they are to become the subject of future inquiries and researches, committed the unaccountable fault to suffer his communication with Madrid, nay, which is still worse, with two parts of his corps, to be cut off, and to give battle on the 19th July, with only a part of his force, in an unfavorable position, after a forced march, and without allowing his troops a moment of repose.
There are but few instances of a conduct so absolutely contrary to the first principles of the art of war. This General who did not know how to command his army, displayed afterwards, in the course of negotiation which was set on foot, as little talent and experience as a negotiator. Like Sabinus Tiberius, he was led to ruin by his own perversity and imbecility of mind, and like him, suffered himself to be deceived by another Ambiorix; but more fortunate than ours, the Roman soldiers fell with arms in their hands. This unexpected event, which acquired additional importance from the courage with which it cannot but inspire the insurgents, the intelligence received of the numerous English corps threatening the coast of Galicia, and the excessive heat of the season, which greatly obstructed the rapidity of military movements, induced the king to concentrate his troops in a less sultry climate than that of New Castile, and there to wait for a more convenient time and more salubrious weather.
The King left Madrid on the 1st of August, and the whole army returned into cantonments. On the 20th of August the insurgents had not yet arrived in Madrid; discord and confusion seem to prevail among them. On the 22d the King was in Burgos, and detachments sent from thence, fifteen and twenty miles into the interior, have not met with the enemy.
All men of sense cannot but lament, that England has obtained the painful advantage of exciting in the bosom of Spain a civil war, the result of which cannot be doubtful. But the lights of the superior classes of society have not sufficient influence over the multitude, to prevent them from destroying the happiness and prosperity of their native land. General Duhesme has re-occupied Barcelona, and secured the possession of that important town. The English cruizers having landed some British agents in Bilbao, the po-
lulace gave themselves up to sedition commotion, in which, however, the merchants and other respectable inhabitants of the town took no share. General Merin marched thither with two squadrons of horse and two regiments of foot, rendered himself master of two convents, disarmed the insurgents, and restored the Council of Government of the Province. The insurgents lost 500 in killed and wounded; of our corps 3 were killed and 12 wounded.
This is the correct account of the events of the campaign in Spain. Not one engagement, not one action has taken place, in which our troops have not distinguished themselves by their wonted gallantry and valour.
Had General Dupont kept his troops together, he could not have found it an arduous task to subdue the insurgents, since his corps consisted of three divisions, amounting at least to 20,000 men.
All the accounts given in the English Newspapers of the state of affairs in Spain, are false and absurd. England knows full well how to calculate the result of all her exertions. Her object is to keep the spirit of sedition alive in Spain, in order to obtain such of her foreign possessions as shall best suit her ambitious views.
THIS day is published, (and may be had at Jacob Johnson's Book-Store, adjoining the Market-Place,) Part V of Vol. 1 of HENNING & MUNFORD'S REPORTS, containing the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, at the October Term, 1807, and completing the first Volume.
At the same place may be had the said volume (of 635 pages) elegantly bound in calf. Price to subscribers $5 to non-subscribers $6.
The size of the volume having far exceeded the limits at first contemplated, (which were 500 pages only,) the authors have been induced to furnish it to subscribers at the above price, which is considerably less, in proportion, than that mentioned in the Prospectus.
Customers who take these Reports in numbers, will be permitted to return them at any time within six months, & receive a volume, for which numbers they will be allowed the original cost in part payment for the volume. Nov. 1. [law5f]
VALUABLE LAND for sale.—By virtue of three several deeds of trust, executed by Edward Bolling of the county of Goochland, as follows, (to wit) one executed to Frederick Harris and Wm. Miller, on the 14th day of July, 1806—one other executed to Charles F. Bates & Wm. Miller, on the 20th day of October, 1806—and one other executed to Wm. Miller and Joseph Sletton, on the 23d day of June, 1807, and all of them of record in the county court of Goochland—Will be exposed to sale, to the highest bidder, for ready money, at the front door of Goochland court house, on Friday the 18th day of November next, the tract of LAND which said Edward Bolling at present resides, lying on James River, in the county aforesaid, about three miles above the court house, or so much of the said tract as shall be sufficient to satisfy the several sums of money in the said deeds mentioned, or the balances thereof, which are still due, with all interest accruing thereon, and all costs and expenses as specified in the aforesaid deeds of trust, by THE TRUSTEES. October 18. [law4d5]
VIRGINIA, to wit.—At a Chancery District Court held in the city of Williamsburg the 25th day of July, 1805
John Bland Plaintiff.—Against Wyatt Walker, Robt. Walker, Freeman Walker, Beverley Clayton & Lacey his wife, Eliza Lacey, Wm. Graves and Tabitha his wife, which said Wyatt Walker, Robert Walker, Freeman Walker, Lacey Clayton, Eliza Lacey & Tabitha Graves, are children of Sarah Walker, dec'd. and Wm. McWhorter, Defendants.
The defendants Robert Walker, Freeman Walker and Eliza Lacey, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the acts of Assembly, and the rules of this Court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that they are not inhabitants of this country, on the motion of the plt. by his counsel: It is ordered, that the said deft. do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plt. and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some news-paper of the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the former capitol in this city.
A Copy. ANTHONY ROBINSON, o. c. September 27. [oaw3w4f]
FEMALE EDUCATION.—The Trustees of the ANN SMITH ACADEMY, in the county of Rockbridge, give notice, that the Winter Session will commence on the third Wednesday of November next, under the superintendence of the Lady, whose name the Seminary bears. The price of Boarding including Washing and every necessary accommodation, is $50 per session of five months.
Tuition, (exclusive of Music,) $10 Music, (if studied,) 20 It may not be improper to state, that Miss Smith devotes her time and talents to the interest of this Seminary, without any other compensation than that naturally arising from the consideration of her usefulness in promoting the interest and welfare of her sex, and that her disinterested liberality has enabled the Trustees (notwithstanding the low price of Tuition, and an unexpected number of Students,) to provide a sufficient number of assistants for instructing the Young Ladies in all the useful and ornamental branches of female education.
By order of the Board, J. LEYBURN, Clerk. Oct. 28. [law3w4f]
ELLIS & ALLAN have received per the ship Hero, a supply of FILL GOODS, making their assortment consist of napt Cottons, Plains, Forest Cloths, Duffil and Rose Blankets, best superfine London Cloths and Kerseymere, double and single milled, Swansdown and Toiletteens, Flannels, Baze, roan cloths and Frizes, gentlemen's nett Shirts and drawers, gentlemen's and ladies Angola and lambs wool hose, ladies very fine cotton and silk hose, Muslins, Cambric, Dimities & printed Muslins, Calicoes, and a few pieces furniture Chintz, silk Shawls, elegant Muffs and Capes, Vols and neck Tabians, thread and cotton Laces, English Lustrings, Satins and Floroventes, very fine black Sumatzen, elegant worked Robes, a few Irish damask Table Cloths, Irish Diapers, 5-4 Irish Sheetings, a few pieces very fine 4-4 Irish Linen, Ivory Knives & Forks, Smith's Bellows, Anvils, Vices and Hammers, Hornbony Mills with fly wheels, brass and iron Rim Locks, &c. &c. A few casks Hibbert's best brown Stout, Hardman's Stout, No. 9, of superior quality, a few boxes gentlemen's fashionable London made Hats, gentlemen's and ladies Glaves of every good quality, best steel plate, mill, Pitt and cross cut saws, 3 1/2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, & 20 1/2 nails, and 20 1/2 flooring Brads, sack Salt (Liverpool filled) White Lead, Yellow Ochre, and Spanish Brown.
Wheat and Tobacco will be received in payment, at liberal prices. Sept. 27. [et8w.]
FOR SALE.—Will be sold at twelve months credit, at Curles, the residence of Col. Wm. Beth, dec'd. on Monday the 21st day of November next, if fair, if not the next fair day, an assortment of valuable Household and Kitchen FURNITURE.—Bonds, with approved security will be required of purchasers, (bearing interest from the date, if not punctually paid,) for all sums over twenty dollars. THE TRUSTEES. Oct. 28. [law1m]
IN consequence of a Circular Letter from a Committee of the officers of the late Pennsylvania line, addressed to me as well as to several other officers of the late army; it has been suggested to me as a proper measure, to call a meeting of all the officers of the former continental line, who continued in service to the end of the Revolutionary war. I have therefore appointed Monday the 12th day of December next, at the capitol in the city of Richmond, for such meeting; being the day to which the society of Cincinnati stands adjourned.
JAMES WOOD. [law1d5]
Sept. 20. BROKERAGE AND COMMISSION BUSINESS.—The subscriber respectfully offers his services to his friends and the public, in the above line of business and solicits their patronage. C. GREENHOW [oawtf]
Dec. 15. WANTED immediately, an Apprentice to the Hatting business. Apply to WINSTON & PRIDDY. Nov. 1. [law1f]
NOTICE.—A PETITION will be offered to the next General Assembly of Virginia, to authorise the sale of that tract of Land, which was used as a Glebe for the parish of Drysdale, lying in the parish of St. Stephens, and county of King and Queen. Sept. 30. [oaw8w]
ADVERTISEMENT.—Notice is hereby given, that a PETITION will be presented to the next Session of the General Assembly of Virginia, to have the lower part of Northumberland county (it being a very narrow neck of land) adjoined to the county of Lancaster. Sept. 27. [oaw4w4f]
EDUCATION.—The Subscriber intends to continue his SCHOOL the ensuing year, at the Green Springs in Louisa county, where a course of Education, embracing the Latin, Greek, French and English Languages will commence on the 9th of January. This healthy situation, entirely removed from every kind of vice, offers particular advantages to gentlemen who live in towns, (too commonly the seats of dissipation,) or the uncannily parts of the lower country, and wish to have their sons educated without incurring the risk of having their morals corrupted or their health impaired. The subscriber will pay the strictest attention, both to the morals and education of his pupils, which he will be enabled to do at all times, as none will be admitted, except such as live with him in the boarding-house, kept by Col. Morris, exclusively for the accommodation of the boys. The subscriber has in a former publication, produced testimonials of his attention & qualifications as a Tutor, which will, upon application, be enclosed to any person wishing to entrust pupils to his care. The terms will be, for board $25 per annum, (each boarder finding his own bed,) washing and mending £4 and tuition £10.—One half of each charge to be paid at the expiration of six months, and the other at the end of the year. No scholar will be admitted for a shorter term than one year. Those gentlemen who intend to commit their sons or wards to the care of the subscriber, will please to notify him of it by letters directed to him, at Lindsay's Post-Office, Albemarle county. FRANCIS F. MAURY. Nov. 4. [law5f5f]
DESERTED.—from the service of the United States, on the 8th instant, a Private in the 5th regiment of Infantry, named JOHN FERGUSON—30 years of age, 5 feet 5 1/2 inches high, swarthy complexion, dark hair, blue eyes, has a sickly appearance—He was born in Delaware county, state of Pennsylvania—by profession a shoemaker. The said Ferguson had on the time of his desertion, a round soldier's jacket, slash sleeves, dark drab colour, blue striped Virginia cloth vest, and Corduroy Pantaloons, torn on the knees—Virginia cloth shirt and an old pair of half boots, bound with cord, which he generally wore under his pantaloons. Also—Deserted on the same day, GABRIEL JONES, 21 years of age, 5 feet 8 1/2 inches high, fair complexion, hazel eyes; auburn hair—when spoken to has a downy look—Born in Essex county, Va.—bred a Farmer—He wore a way a round striped Virginia cloth coat, white home spun pantaloons, and vest of the same. Whoever will apprehend the said deserters, and deliver them to me, or to any officer in the service of the United States, shall receive twenty dollars reward, or ten dollars for either. EDWARD DILLARD, Capt. 5th U. S. Reg. Infantry
Rendezvous, Petersburg. Sept. 16. [ff]
FOR SALE, a valuable plantation in Dinwiddie County, four miles from Petersburg, containing 232 acres of Land. It is under good fences—the improvements are handsome, commodious and in excellent repair; it has besides, the advantages of an agreeable neighborhood, good water, &c. &c. Apply to THOMAS NORVELL. Richmond, Sept. 20. [ff]
BANK NOTES, as below described, were put into the post office at this place on 27th May last, enclosed in a letter addressed to Messrs John Warder and Sons, Philadelphia, and which letter has never been received; it is therefore apprehended that the BANK NOTES may have fallen into improper hands; and should such appear in circulation, we earnestly request that they may be stopped. Any satisfactory information regarding them will be thankfully received, and if required, liberally rewarded. DUCHANAN & POLLOK. Petersburg, July 5. (tf)
Bank of Virginia payable at their Office of Discount and Deposit Petersburg, to Robert Birchett President thereof or Bearer, By order of the Board, J. LEYBURN, Clerk. Oct. 28. [law3w4f]
NOTICE.—In the year 1795, a request was made by letter from a gentleman in Virginia, (through Mr. Joseph Johnson, Consul in London) to Mr. Thomas Digges, then in England, to make enquiry for the heirs or the family of a Mr. Abraham Milnes, who, when a youth, left Brigg-house near Huddersfield in Yorkshire, for America, and was a clerk to a merchant in Virginia, afterwards kept a store of his own, had a partner in trade, & died unmarried, about the year 1753, leaving landed and other property. Unfortunately, by the loss at sea, of the Ship Jane and Rachel, capt. Dade from London to Alexandria, in the year 1798, the letters of request and other papers and memorandums were lost, and even the writer's name, which is supposed to be Parly or Parley, as well as his place of residence has been forgotten, but is guessed to be near Petersburg in Virginia. The subscribers, or either of them, will be much obliged to any one, informed of either of the parties above alluded to, or can give any trace as to their residence, or informed of any landed or other property of said deceased Abraham Milnes, by letter directed to the subscribers as below; and they will thankfully pay any costs for ascertaining the names, places of residence, or effects of said deceased, &c. &c. GEO. MILNES, Merchant Boston. THOS. DIGGES, Fort Warburton, Potomac, Maryland.
GEO: W. RIGGS, George-Town. October 14. [3m]
* His name was spelt Mills or Milnes.
A FEW boxes of 18 by 12 Window GLASS of the first quality for sale.—Enquire at this Office. Oct. 14. [4f]