The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1805-10-11 00:00:00

European Intelligence.
From the latest French papers received at New-York.
PARIS, July 31.
It is a picture of high importance to take a view of the present situation of France relatively to Russia, and of the menacing position of Russia with regard to the rest of Europe! An enlightened publicist has just thrown a great light upon this matter; but it may still be looked upon in some different points of view, when it will appear that the delays used in the negotiations opened for peace, have only been occasioned by England, and for her own interest alone; that the pretended aggrandizement of France, which has served as a pretext for these delays, is a natural effect of the present position of Europe, and that, far from alarming the neighbouring Powers, this preponderance of France is become necessary to their interest and to their independence. Let us briefly examine these several questions.
The history of the two last centuries proves pretty clearly that England has never made war upon the continent, but through an interest purely personal. It is only vulgar politicians who are the dupes of the pretences with which the court of London has always sought to veil its ambitious pretensions: the independence of Europe is the usual pretext of the warlike measures of His Britannic Majesty; but it is well known that his aim is, to consecrate, to augment, and to perpetuate that maritime Empire which he thought himself arrived at without opposition. France has ever appeared the particular object of the hatred of England, because she is more able than the other states to resist her pretensions. As long as the Hollanders had powerful colonies, a flourishing trade, and a formidable navy, Holland was also the object of the same enmity. Spain was for a long time subject to it, and it is to the intrigues of England that she is to attribute the separation of the Kingdom of Portugal and the hereditary hatred which has since been kept up between the two nations. Austria herself was the object of her gloomy inquietude, when that Power attempted last century to raise a navy and to create a trading company at Ostend.
England has adhered more particularly to her hatred against France, because France has held out against her with more determined resistance, because the national industry of France creates to her more dangerous rivals, because her situation among the powers of Southern Europe, favors more strongly the development of her opulence and of her industry. The least advantages that France has obtained either by victories or by treaties, have been considered as usurpations made over England. At the time of the succession of Spain, William would rather have beheld the crown of Spain, the Low-Countries, Italy and the Empire united upon the same head, than that the Grand-Son of Lewis XIV. should have ascended the throne of Spain. However, this was exposing Europe to see the Universal Monarchy of Charles V. renewed; and there had been an end to liberty, had France been defeated in that general war.
England has seen all the revolutions of the North without troubling herself about their effects or their consequences: she has beheld ten millions of new subjects pass, from 1771 to 1795, under the dominion of Catharine II. she has seen provinces invaded, whole kingdoms usurped; it seemed as if all this was going forward a thousand leagues from Europe, and yet it was in the very midst of it that that Power was intensely rising, which is at this day so colossal, which at once menaces both Europe and Asia! However, the cession of a few maritime departments, which made a part of ancient France, has alarmed England more than so formidable an Empire: England has caused rivers of blood to be shed, for the purpose of ascertaining whether Frenchmen should remain united to France. Victory has decided the question.
It would be highly astonishing, that the union of Genoa to France should be the cause of a new continental war. It might in the first place be observed that no power upon earth has the right to interpose between the will of two independent nations that wish to unite themselves to each other. Were Sweden disposed at this day to acknowledge the Emperor of Russia, no other state could, without injustice, oppose a contract made between these two nations. Nobody ever thought of opposing the union of Ireland with England; it is an absolutely free between states, and Russia has by far too much to gain by this system, to find fault with it.
Besides, no opposition was ever made to Genoa's passing herself under the protection of France, which she has been so often forced to implore. It is of little concern to Germany, to Russia, to all the other powers that Genoa should belong to France; since she adds nothing to her continental force. The first decree issued in Genoa by the Emperor of the French, established that there shall be no confiscation there for the army. It is then merely with regard to the navy that Genoa is of any advantage to France; and even this advantage can only be made use of against England. Hence it is England alone that has any interest in preventing this union. Now all nations must wish that there should at length arise a people who, preserving their independence and the dignity of their navy, may restore to the others the liberty of their commerce and the honor of their insulted flags.
Now if it be examined what force and preponderance France should have for their own safety; for the defence of the rest of Europe, she will hardly be found sufficiently powerful.
She is the most ancient monarchy in Europe; at different periods she has had the preponderance, without having ever attempted to encroach on the general liberty; she has, on the contrary, often defended it against the incursions of barbarians: she shielded it from the monarchy of Charles the Fifth—She was more powerful under Charlemagne, she was as formidable under Lewis XIV.—The weakness of a government is no prescription of forfeiture for the nation: when there appears a sovereign worthy of it and of his rank, he is bound to restore to his people the lustre they had lost under degenerate kings. This is what the Emperor of the French has done.
The present situation of Europe, the changes effected in the other states has rendered this increase of France necessary. This subject has already been too clearly developed to need any further investigation. It suffices to observe that there is this difference between the power of France and that of Russia, that France has natural bounds, and the other will acknowledge those bounds; that France borders on all sides upon great states, upon which the neither can nor will make any acquisitions, unless a new war should again bring the political existence of nations into dispute; that France has religiously respected the territory of her allies; that she is arrived at the term at which the most naturally flow; that if she is powerful by her population, that population can scarcely augment; that she is by her nature a fixed state, making an independent member of the great European family, sufficiently potent to defend herself, but impotent to oppress.
Russia whom the cabinet of London invokes in the name of the independence of other nations, is no doubt very far from affording them the same guarantee. Every step she proceeds, is an advance towards universal empire. Her Emperor more powerful in Europe than all the Monarchs of Europe, has only to leave it to time to render him also the most formidable in Europe. By a vile administration, disinterested of foreign influence, by giving a free ex-
cile to the industry of his people, he may make more real conquests than by devouring new Provinces. Nothing seems more contrary to his interests, at the present moment, than a war which should dry up the source of his population without aim, without any reasonable hope unless it be to prolong for some time the maritime empire of England! There is nothing but the ease of a war to France, so hurtful to the interests of the Emperor of Russia, that seems capable of delaying the progress of his enormous increase of power.
When one reflects indeed that it is not above a hundred years since Peter the Great came, at the head of a new and barbarous people, to take place among the powers of Europe, and when one examines the gigantic increase of his Empire in so short a time, one must tremble at the idea of the formidable oppression with which the rest of the earth is menaced by Russia; and it is impossible not to repeat to one's self, that it was from the heart of that vast empire that forth issued those clouds of barbarians, who inundated and subdued almost every part of our hemisphere!
Europe is blind to the insensible progress of a power who finds no more enemies to vanquish around her, and who perhaps carries her hopes very far. It is possible that the sharing of the Mediterranean, of the trade of the North and of Asia may for some time unite England and Russia. It belongs to the other powers involved in a double servitude to foresee the dangers that menace them. It is no longer time to suffer ourselves to be dazzled by parcels of territory which might be offered to mask more important usurpations. The general interest requires that the great states of Europe should keep themselves closely united; they are in some measure bound to stand by each other. Universal monarchy cannot come from him whom nature has confided within just bounds; it is useful to the others that he be able to defend himself, to inspire some respect, to prevent the ruin of states menaced from afar, and to afford a counterpoise which the south of Europe has been long in need of, against the vast and devouring ambition of the North.
By the last English papers, it appears that the distinguished renewal at London upon the definition of the combined fleets were not yet calmed; neither were the people more at ease as to the co-operation of the continental powers, with which the Ministry flattered themselves. In France, this inquietude has not influenced the price of stock. Hence it may be concluded that either people do not believe a war will take place on the continent, or that they are in no dread of its results.
The suspension of the diplomatic relations between France and Russia, may have given rise to uncertainties; but there is yet no plausible reason for doubting of the pacific dispositions of Austria, and until such reason appears, professed politicians may, we conceive, adjourn their conjectures. Exaggerated pretensions, self-love, hurt or irritated by foreign provocations, may for a moment delude foreigners like other men; but in the end they always yield to an evident interest. It may then appear doubtful that Russia should again consent to sacrifice a fine army in a war from which she can reap no benefit, unless, indeed, calculating the losses, she foresees they will diminish the power of Austria, she may always consider as a neighbor with whom she must soon have to discuss more serious interests.
But, supposing Russia to have hostile views does it follow that Austria must share them? This is a question no way difficult to solve.
A coalition between Russia and Austria against France, must be considered by every man who reflects upon the respective position of the three nations, as the most absurd and impolitic scheme that could be imagined. A league is natural between two nations, when they have a common interest to guide them, and equal benefits to expect. Here every thing being separate, every thing unequal, there are essential seeds of dissolution.
Let Russia again send an army into Germany or Italy; the war would necessarily be carried on upon the territory of the Emperor of Austria, his people alone would bear the load of it. Should it turn out to be successful, jealousy must soon divide the chiefs of the two armies. The Russians would complain of making conquests for others; hence the distrust and discord of which the coalition of last war felt the fatal effects. If, on the contrary, the war should happen to be unsuccessful, the Austrians would not fail to grow tired of harboring inconsiderate and useless guests, and the coalition would the more speedily be dissolved.
But, it will be said, Austria might give indemnities to Russia, towards the north and east. A bad policy, indeed to give up Empires to obtain a few petty provinces!
That there has long subsisted in the Russian cabinet a system to subdue successively the final independent nations, situate between Russia and the Persian and Turkish dominions, events have sufficiently proved. That that cabinet has even formed more serious designs with regard to the Ottoman Porte, cannot at this day be doubted. In this state of things, is it more important for Austria to retain France at the foot of the Alps, than to stop Russia at the northern extremity of the Black Sea?
It may be recollected, that when the Ottoman Empire was in its full splendor, Austria, forgetting all her quarrels with France, thought only of supporting the barrier which she opposed to the progress of the Mussulmans. However, at that period she was menaced only upon one point; she had only Hungary to defend; Poland was a powerful ally; all the christian powers afforded her assistance. At the present day Russia flows herself more powerful and more dangerous; she is able to attack on every point. Were it true that she mediated the usurpation of the Ottoman Empire, what indemnity could secure the Emperor of Austria? Throughout the whole of that vast monarchy there is only Serbia, the Morea with Constantinople and the exclusive possession of the Dardanelles, that could afford him an equivalent. But can any body doubt that Serbia, and the theatre of the present seditions and anarchy, is on the point of imploring the protection of Russia? who but knows that the sovereignty of the Seven Islands seems already to necessitate that of the Morea; and has not Constantinople been looked upon for this century past as a Palace destined for some future day for the residence of the Russian Emperors?
Thus, in the supposition of their aggrandizement, we can see no reasonable compensation for Austria. It is her manifest interest then to guard against this extent with more precaution than she formerly took against that of the Ottoman power, to side with the causes of the South rather than with that of the North. In this all the continental nations have the same wishes to form, viz. that the energy of the French Government may communicate itself to the others; that to the others; that Perin, and above all the Ottoman Porte, may assume civil and military manners more adapted to the defence of their liberty; that these Powers, once independent, may form with those of Europe a family, in which the equilibrium of the political fortunes may henceforth not permit any of those revolutions which re-plunge nations into barbarism, and destroy for several centuries the benefits of civilization.
Advices from Corfu state that a Russian General there commands eight battalions of Albanese, and Maniots, all determined enemies to the Mussulman name. These levies have excited great displeasure amongst the Turks of the Morea, and particularly of Ali-Pacha. The Seraglio also is highly discontented with the mode of conduct adopted by Russia, but
what can it do, weak as it is? Be silent, and thus perhaps receive the blow a little later.— Mercure.
By an imperial decree, the members of the Legion of Honor are to be augmented by 2000. The Grand Chancellor of the Legion is to present, before the 1st Vendemaire next, to the nomination of his Majesty the Emperor and King, the 3000 new Legionaries, who for this time, are to be chosen from among the officers and soldiers who have distinguished themselves in the war, and who have received at least one wound.
The Mercure of Monday last published the sentences of the Military commission, which condemned to death on the 6th inst. Andre Loo, convicted of being a spy for the enemy and of being an accomplice with Dubuc and Rosselin. According to the report of the Captain reporter, Loo was employed on board the Toulon Fleet when that place was evacuated by the English, he followed them to England where he lived 11 years, and received 50L a year sterling from the Government. On the 12th Nivose, year 12, he returned into France by Morlaix, in the false quality of prisoner of war, and on board a cartel. It is also in the same quality and by the same way that Dubuc and Rosselin were afterwards sent from England to France. Loo who had left Morlaix, with a passport given under the false name of Michael, a cook, arrived in his country at Pa, procured a passport in his own name for Spain, and after having thus collected every information concerning the situation of the coasts from Morlaix to Corunna, returned to England and gave an account of his mission. A short time after he quitted England a second time, and returned to France by way of Hamburg, after having had his passport revised by the French Plenipotentiary of Lower Saxony. The papers and confessions of the accused have proved that he was sent to Dubuc, by the English Government for the purpose of engaging the latter to preside the execution of the scheme which was the grand end of his journey.
In a letter dated the 14th May, written by D'Imbert, and addressed to Dubuc, is the following phrase: "I intreat you to give him (to Loo) the most circumstantial details concerning the best and quickest means to attack the usurper." By this letter, D'Imbert informed Dubuc, that he had just sent him an emissary with some sympathetic ink. This emissary was denoted under the name of Michel. It is proved by the confession of the accused, that Michel is Andre Loo. He arrived at Paris on the Morning after his accomplices had been condemned, and he was ignorant of their being arrested. He forsook them the letters and phial, of sympathetic ink which he had brought with him, but the sentence against Dubuc and Rosselin burnt on him like thunder. He hastened to take a place in the diligence but was soon arrested and condemned, and as we have already related suffered the punishment of his treason a few days since.
NEW-YORK, October 2.
Captain Latham, of the ship Two Friends, left Belfast on the 22d of August, at which time no political event of importance had occurred. He informs us that Ireland was in a state of tranquillity, and that Lord Nelson had failed from Gibraltar for the northward.
The Belfast Papers, with which a respectable commercial friend has obligingly favoured us, are to the 17th August, inclusive, and contain London news of the 12th; but nothing more interesting than the subjoined articles:
LONDON, August 12.
For the last two days there has been a continued bustle at all the offices of Government, and circular letters from the respective commanders have been written to every corps. The following has been sent round to the members of the Bloomsbury and Inns of Court Association:
"Sir—You are requested to hold yourself in readiness, to obey any orders that may be issued; and particularly to leave word where to be found, if absent from home. By order of Lieutenant Col. Cox."
August 10.
Several councils of General Officers have been held in the principal points along the coast. On Friday one was held at Dover, at which time Gen. Lord Forbes, Gen. Lord Howe, and the chief officers of the garrison attended. Two more meetings took place on Saturday at Schornecliffe camp and Hythe, where General Moore and Sir David Dundas command. The engineer department, and the whole of the horse artillery are in movement.
The alarm of invasion has increased in proportion as the probabilities of a Continental war have multiplied. Since the abrupt termination of the Russian mission, the preparations of the enemy for making a descent on this country have been such, that government have found it necessary to summon all its energies to meet the shock with which we are menaced. It is not for us to conceal the accuracy of that information, which those who direct the public force are in possession of. It remains to be seen whether Bonaparte will risk his power and his very existence upon an enterprise, in which, if he should fail, there can be no security for either one or the other in France: He may fight a dozen battles on the Continent, be discomfited in every one of them, and yet preserve his authority over his troops, and retain their attachment; but it is not so in an expedition directed against this country. Between complete success and total destruction there is no medium; the invaders must either triumph or perish.
Further accounts by Captain Williams, from Leghorn, arrived at Salem.
Capt. Williams informs us, that the extension of Bonaparte's authority in Italy, which threatens to light up a new war upon the continent of Europe, appeared to be very mortifying to the people of that country. It was with great reluctance Genoa changed her flag for that of France; and though she was promised the enlargements of her ancient laws, customs and usages, yet on the change of government, they found themselves under a set of new officers from France, and loaded with French duties, and every regulation adapted to the benefit of the protecting country.
Naples continued to be over-awed by the French, though they had not yet attempted to enter that kingdom, but it was said that constitutional contributions were the price of their forbearance, and that they threatened to invade it, the moment a British or Russian soldier set foot upon its shores. A British 74 gun ship was in waiting to take off the King and his family the moment such an event should take place.
The British expedition under Gen. Craig had arrived at Malta, where they seemed to be waiting according to the course of events. The Russians had also 30 or 40,000 men in the Seven Isles, and a number of ships of war in the bay of Naples. It is these forces, probably, that check the French in their design on Naples, as their passage to that city would be short and
easy, and they would no doubt proceed to oppose the French, should they make a movement towards it.
The naval force of the British in the Mediterranean; since Lord Nelson left it to follow the trail of the Toulon squadron, was very inconsiderable, the ship of the line that was lying at Naples, said to be the only one remaining in that sea.
The impression made by the American arms upon Tripoli seems not to have had its proper effect upon the Bey of Tunis, who is represented to be a resolute, determined fellow. It will be recollected that our squadron, while blockading Tripoli, took a Tunisian corsair with her two Neapolitan prizes, attempting to violate the blockade. This the Bey has affected to consider as an aggression against him, and has continually demanded reparation from the United States, or threatened them with war; and all attempts to settle the dispute have hitherto failed.
A few days before capt. Williams left Leghorn, a letter was received there from an officer on board the Effex frigate, written to his friend an American gentleman, at Leghorn, and dated at Messina, about the middle of July, stating that that frigate and a brig had just returned from Tunis, where they had been by order of the Commodore, to demand of the Bey an unequivocal determination with respect to the relations of peace and friendship with the United States; and that his answer, confirmed by the oath by his beard, was, that if the United States did not restore his corsair and her prizes in sixty days, he would make war upon them. This news excited alarm among the Americans at Leghorn; which was increased by the arrival of an imperial vessel from the Isle of Elba, reporting that two Tunisian Zebecs were there bound on a cruise. The Tunisian coast is extensive, and has many bays and harbors, so that a blockade could not be so effectual against that power as against Tripoli, and her opportunities of giving annoyance would be much greater. However, had the Bey been seriously determined on war; one would have thought he would have undertaken it, while we were engaged with the Tripolitans, when it must have divided and weakened our force.
The commerce of Venice, under the Austrian flag, has greatly revived, and recovered something of its ancient importance. That of Russia with the Mediterranean, through the Black Sea, is also very great, and vast quantities of wheat are transported into Italy through that channel.
The condemnation of our vessels at Gibraltar, which were taken coming out of Cadiz, captain Williams says, was much regretted even by the British at that place. The vessels taken, had entered when there was no blockade, and were arrested in coming out. The case of one, as stated, was peculiarly hard; she was in the first place taken by the Spaniards, and carried into Cadiz, where the cargo was condemned as British property, and the freight paid the master in wine and salt; with these proceeds she was coming out of Cadiz, when she was taken by the British, sent into Gibraltar, and there condemned, vessel and cargo.
The conduct of the Spanish gun boats in the gut of Gibraltar, towards Americans, continued to be extremely insulting and injurious. They board and plunder our vessels, and on the least opposition threaten the people with death. The masters of the Java, of this port, was threatened with a drawn cutlass at his throat. In short, from the many instances of this kind which are related, it seems as if they considered the expected war between Spain and America as already begun.
Indeed from the aggression of the French and English, the unsettled accounts with Spain on the score of their old depredations, and the recent renewal of the same scenes, and the dispute with the Bey of Tunis, our commerce seems to be in a hazardous state, and to demand all the skill of our government to extricate it from the difficulties in which it is involved.
The last post from Naples before Capt. W. left Leghorn, brought the distressing tidings of a terrible earthquake which had destroyed a whole town in the neighborhood of that city, and by which two thousand persons were supposed to have perished; and that the signs of further shocks continued, so that the greatest consternation and alarm prevailed in Naples, and the inhabitants had crowded on board the shipping, from an apprehension that that city would be involved in the destruction; and that the vessels, from the same apprehension, had thought it prudent to haul off from the mole, and drop down into the bay, to be more safe from its effects.
Captain Petre, of the British Packet, has favoured us with the following intelligence, which he received in manuscript from the printer of the Halifax Royal Gazette: Mer. Adv.
Royal Gazette Office, HALIFAX, Sept. 16.
By a Schooner that arrived here this morning from St. Johns, Newfoundland, after a passage of seven days, the following particulars respecting the Combined Squadron were received.
Translation from the Portuguese. VIGO, July 29.

Aug. 15. It is a well known fact, that every American vessel which has failed for the Mediterranean for some time past, with English produce on board, has been captured by the Spaniards. It was not till Saturday that this extraordinary circumstance could be accounted for by the underwriters, and for the discovery they are indebted to the following extract of a letter from Vice Admiral Collingwood to Wm. Marlow, Esq. dated off Cadiz, 26th of July, and transmitted by him to the Committee at Lloyds:—
"The Factor, American brig, from Liverpool, mentioned in the letters from Lloyd's as having a very valuable cargo on board, was spoken by the squadron within four leagues off Cadiz Light houses. I sent the Hydra to see her in safety through the Straights, without which, she would probably have been taken by the gun-boats, and which the Master seemed to think a much less evil than proceeding on his voyage to Naples, and running the risk of being met by a Tripolitan. I have been informed, the Spaniards give to neutrals, laden with English property, every encouragement to put themselves in the way of their cruizers, by discharging them quickly, and paying their freight liberally."
"The American Schooner Hermon is stated to have come off this port before the blockade, for the purpose of being taken; and, after condemnation of her cargo, was at sea again perhaps in less time than she could have performed her original voyage; so that they have both a pecuniary interest in being captured, and secure themselves from the danger of meeting the cruizers of Tripoli."
GREENOCK, August 19. A letter from Holland, mentions the arrival of Bonaparte at Boulogne, on the 5th. On the 6th, he reviewed the whole of the army collected there, which says this letter presented a line of a hundred and twelve thousand men. The report, that Switzerland will be united to France, is fully believed at Amsterdam. The Hamburg mail of the 6th inst. arrived on Thursday. The report of an alliance between the northern powers is now mentioned in the German papers, as far as those publications can venture to notice what is unwelcome to Bonaparte. In consequence of the expected co-operation of Russia with this country, government are now taking up in the river a great number of ships, to be employed as transports to convey Russian troops to Swedish Pomerania.
NEW-YORK, October 9. By the ship Factor, capt. Caldwell, in 41 days from Greenock, (arrived yesterday,) the Editors of the New-York Gazette have received Glasgow papers to the 22d August, being several days later than the accounts before received from thence.—An official account had been received by the English Admiralty of the French and Spanish fleets having put into Ferrol, and that they had increased their force to 37 sail of the line. Several unsuccessful attempts to form the fortress of Bhurtpore, in the East Indies, were made by General Lake. In these actions Gen. Lake lost 3000 men.
Price of Stocks, London, August 17. Consols for money 57; Red. 58; Omnium 2, Exch. Bills par 13. prem.
LONDON, Aug. 13. Yesterday afternoon a numerous division of the enemy's flotilla was descried from Dover heights, steering along shore from Calais for Boulogne. With respect to the opinion of professional men, Lord Keith considers the probability of an immediate attempt to invade us, so great, he has sent away his family from the coast. Aug. 14.—The state of preparations upon the enemy's coast, and the positive orders issued to the regular army, and volunteers, combined with the opinion of professional men, all tend to impress the idea that the danger of invasion is greater than at any former period. The orders given to the volunteers are prompt and decisive. The Naide frigate fell in with the Rochefort squadron, on the 7th inst. about 25 leagues off Ushant, and exchanged a few shots with one of its frigates; but by skillful manoeuvres escaped. The Naide afterwards joined the squadron of Lord Cornwallis.
The two newspapers published at Bordeaux, have been suppressed, in consequence of some observations in both, relative to the destination of the combined squadrons. Yesterday morning Madame Jerome Bonaparte paid a visit to the Bank, accompanied by a gentleman and lady. She was received with marked attention and politeness, and shown through the various offices. The name of the fair visitor becoming known, some hundreds of persons assembled to see her return to her carriage, which waited at the front of the building. The spectators were, however, greatly disappointed in not being permitted to see her face, which she concealed by her veil; and no sooner was she seated in her carriage than the blinds were let down. Aug. 15.—Letters from our fleet off Brest, dated so late as Sunday last, states that there is not a doubt of the squadron seen by the Naide off Ushant, having been that which escaped from Rochefort during the absence of Admiral Stirling. We are sorry to add, that it is said the enemy have been able to return to Rochefort. Aug. 16.—We have at length obtained authentic, but unpleasing information, in regard to the combined French and Spanish squadrons. Yesterday at half past 7 P. M. his majesty's ship Hero, of 74 guns, capt. Gardner, arrived at Portsmouth with dispatches from Sir Robert Calder, stating that the combined fleet had got into Ferrol. With the ships which joined them at sea, and those lying in that port, they consisted of 37 sail of the line. Sir R. Calder has joined Lord Cornwallis off Brest. In confirmation of the above, the following Bulletin was this morning sent to Lloyd's Coffee-house: Admiralty Office, Aug. 16. "The combined squadrons of the enemy are stated to have arrived at Ferrol."
A letter, of which the following is an extract, was yesterday morning received from an officer on board one of the frigates cruising off the Texel, dated the 13th inst.
"Every day more fully convinces me of the intention of the enemy to attempt sending their fleet to sea from the Texel." This morning we boarded a neutral, from whom we learn, that they have already embarked a large body of troops, and that several more are ready for the like purpose. Their ships consist of two 80 guns (on board one of which Admiral De Winter has hoisted his flag, as commander in chief,) 2 twenty-fours, and 8 sixty-fours, with nearly 300 transports. The number of troops that are embarked is stated to be 2500 cavalry, and 14,000 infantry; added to which, they have 500 quite ready to go on board."
The gallant captain Maurice, defender of the Diamond Rock, is appointed to the command of the Savage, a new sloop fitting for sea at Portsmouth.
Baron de Stroganoff, the Russian ambassador to the court of Madrid, has brought with him an immense retinue of servants, clad in very rich liveries of blue and gold.
The Russian Envoy, with a suite of 38 persons, arrived in different post-chaises, on Tuesday night—the chaises followed each other in such rapid succession, that the whole vicinity was in commotion, and his excellency seemed much delighted with the hearty reception he experienced from the populace. Yesterday the Russian ambassador transacted business at Lord Mulgrave's office, from one till 3 o'clock.
AMSTERDAM, Aug. 6. —Three American ships from Baltimore and Charleston, bound to Amsterdam, have been taken off the Texel by the English, and sent for England. The English Admiral who cruizes before the Texel, has declared that he has orders to send to England all ships bound for the Texel with West-India produce. The troops embarked in the Texel are furnished with provisions for six months. Vice Admiral De Winter has brought the ships of war and transports out of the Nieu Diep, and drawn them up in two lines, and they make a very fine appearance.
HAGUE, Aug. 6. —The fleet will be ready to sail the day after to-morrow. Rear-Admiral Kikkert commands under Vice Admiral de Winter.
GREENOCK, Aug. 12. —Admiral Calder joined Admiral Cornwallis on the 11th; Admiral Stirling, from off Rochefort, it is stated, has joined also, so that Admiral Cornwallis has now upwards of 30 sail of the line; and will probably be still further strengthened by the force under Lord Nelson or Admiral Collingwood. He is immediately to be reinforced by several ships from Portsmouth and Plymouth, and in a few days he will be in such a state as to combat, with every probability of success, the whole combined force of the enemy. The hostile fleets in Ferrol now amounts to about 37 sail of the line. Dispatches from India, of a very interesting nature, were received by government, on Friday. By these, we are sorry to learn, that the fortress of Bhurtpore had been attacked five different times, by the forces under Lord Lake; in all which assaults our troops had been repulsed, with considerable loss, amounting to 3000 men killed and wounded, of whom 105 were officers. The dispatches state, that Lord Lake had attacked Bhurtpore, under great disadvantages, which, however, had been removed before the vessel bearing them left India, and another attack was meditated, which, it was thought by those concerned in it, could hardly prove unsuccessful.
NEW-YORK, October 5. It is established, by intelligence from several sources, that nearly the whole naval force of France, Spain and Holland, is ready for sea; that every ship is crowded with troops; that a great number of inferior vessels, prepared for the conveyance of soldiers to a short distance, are lying at the French ports of the channel opposite England, in a condition to depart at short notice; and that the shores are thronged with troops marched thither for embarkation. These mature preparations must certainly strengthen expectations that the attempt to invade England or Ireland will be speedily made. Our European news reaches to the 20th of August; the grand fleets were then so situated, that if their co-operation was relied upon, England could not have been attacked in that month. News of the first importance may be daily expected. By the ship Huron, from Amsterdam, we have received the Scheidam Mercury, containing intelligence from the continent of Europe to the 14th of August, of which the following are the principal articles:—
From the Russian frontier, July 24. —It is understood that three Persian Chans, who lately belonged to the hostile party on the borders of Georgia, have submitted themselves to the Russian Sceptre. A considerable corps of Russians is assembling near Dubno, to be exercised in military manoeuvres. Geneva, July 25. —The greatest diligence is using in our ship yards for hastening the building of ships of war. Great quantities of timber have been sent thither. Le Genois will shortly be ready; Le Superbe and two brigs are on the stocks. Berlin, July 27. —Two French couriers lately arrived here; one of whom immediately repaired to the King at Charlottenburg, where it is asserted, he delivered a letter to his Majesty from the Emperor Napoleon, the contents of which relate to M. Novozilzoff's late mission; the other brought dispatches to the French Ambassador. It is said that the speedy recall of M. Novozilzoff has made a disagreeable impression on the mind of his Prussian Majesty. This is no wonder, since it is so well known that his Majesty has strained every nerve to bring about an accommodation between Russia and France, in which at least for the present, he has been disappointed, through the precipitate conduct of Russia. In the mean time, his Majesty perseveres in his resolution of remaining neutral, whatever may happen. This is evident from every circumstance; and the reports to the contrary which have been circulated; are totally void of all foundation. His Majesty continues to hold long and frequent conferences with M. de Forest the French Ambassador, whom he appears to respect greatly. It is therefore conjectured that matters of great importance are still in agitation. Vienna, August 1. —The commission charged with the new recruiting and the filling up of the Imperial regiments, are executing their orders with every possible expedition. There is a talk here of a declaration of neutrality, to be carried into effect under certain circumstances. Madrid, July 23. —By letters from Ferrol we learn, that Lieut. Don Fernando Freyre de Andrade, who, with three gun-boats, failed out with 200 merchant men under his convoy, fell in with an English vessel at midnight off Cape Ortugal, which he captured. This ship, called the Hope, had taken 17 vessels, and greatly obstructed the navigation of the coast. She carried 850 pounds and 20 men, 4 of whom were killed and 4 wounded, by the broadside which one of the gun-boats gave her on the first encounter. At Revel and Riga, a Russian fleet has been fitted out, for performing the customary manoeuvres in the Baltic. By command of the Emperor, the Russian court has gone into mourning, which is to be worn a week, for her highness Maria Theresa Princess of Savoy, the comfort of the countess Artois, lately deceased. Copenhagen, July 30. —Before the introduction of the new pilot boats on the coasts of Norway by capt. Spilling, no less than from between 80 to 70
vessels were in general wrecked during the months of September, October and November, within the distance of 60 leagues from Kosterland to Sogadalsfjord, while, in the course of last year, not one has been wrecked which, according to every account, is entirely to be attributed to these boats. Schiedam, Aug. 13. —It is reported at Copenhagen that the King of Sweden is expected there within a few days. The exportation of grain from Russia to Prussian Poland is prohibited till further orders. Haren, Aug. 12. —Our city has been without garrison for several days past; all the corps of troops which successively arrived here in the course of last week, pursued their route to the Helder. From them we learn, that General Marmont, with several other generals, went on board the ships last Thursday, on which occasion 21 guns were fired from the men of war—Every thing is ready to put to sea at a moment's notice. Paris, Aug. 8. —There is every reason to believe that Government has received satisfactory information respecting the combined squadrons. Every thing also seems to indicate that great events are at hand, the favourable issue of which is expected with that confidence which the spirit and fortune of him who has prepared and directs them, cannot fail to inspire.
Domestic Intelligence.
BOSTON, September 28. Extract of a letter from Mr. Pafcal Paoli P. (son of Col. Wm. P.) an officer on board the U. States brig Argus, commanded by Isaac Hull, Esq.; dated Melita, July 4.
"By the President, which sails for America in a few days I embrace the favorable opportunity of writing you a few lines. You will no doubt be anxious and feel a little surprised at my long silence, and will perhaps, place it to neglect or want of affection, but when I assure you I have not been in a Christian country for nearly eight months before, you will form an opinion that will be more correspondent to the feelings of my heart. Time and my duty will not permit me to write you as largely as I could wish; I will, however, give you a short account of our journey across the Lybian Desert, where we suffered almost every thing possible, but in the end gained a glorious victory, and in a great measure contributed to the bringing the Basha of Tripoli to terms of peace. About the middle of November we failed from Malta, bound to Egypt (having on board, as passenger, William Eaton, Esq.) in search of Hamet Basha, the rightful sovereign of Tripoli, to endeavour to effect a co-operation with him against his brother, the reigning Basha of Tripoli. We arrived at the port of Alexandria on the 24th of November, and Mr. Eaton went to Cairo in search of the Ex-Basha. After a long series of difficulties, dangers and vexations, Mr. Eaton arrived near Alexandria with the Basha, and about 40 persons in his suite, about the 6th of February. Mr. E. returned on board, and the Basha formed his camp about 11 miles from Alexandria, where he was occasionally reinforced by the Bedouin or desert Arabs. At the professed solicitation of Mr. Eaton, and at the request of captain Hull, I consented to accompany the former across the desert, with the proviso of joining the brig at Bomba. On the 19th of Feb. Mr. E. our Lieutenant of Marines, myself, and seven marines, left the brig and joined the army, and the brig sailed for Syracuse. On the 6th of March we commenced our march with about 300 well mounted Arabs, 70 christians recruited at Alexandria, and 105 camels, laden with our provision and baggage. Our first day's march was near 40 miles. On encamping, we found the well, to all appearance, dry, and there was no water within six hours march. Here commenced the first of our sufferings—after marching near 40 miles in a burning sun, buoyed up with the idea of finding water at the end of our march, we found on encamping not the least sign of water, nor was a green thing to be seen. All hands were employed in clearing out the well, but were so thirsty and fatigued they could hardly move. For myself, not having taken the precaution to procure a small skin of water to carry on my horse, had it not been for a few oranges I had, I should hardly have been able to move next morning. I laid myself down on my bed to sleep; but I could not, being for the first time in my life, almost dead with thirst. Had I possessed thousands, I would have given them for a gill of water. About day-light a little water was found, worse, if possible, than bile; water; but to me it was more delicious than the most precious cordial. We moved on the 8th, and continued our march, by irregular stages, until the 22d, halting wherever water was to be procured, and frequently suffering very much for the want of it; our only provisions a handful of rice and two biscuits a day, and every day perplexed and harassed by the Arabs for money, who finding us in their power, endeavoured to extort every thing from us. The 22d, about noon, we encamped on a spacious barren plain, where there were about 5000 Bedouin Arabs encamped, all in our interest, about 10,000 camels and 50,000 sheep fed. Here we remained five days to refresh our troops. The 27th we commenced our march with a small reinforcement, consisting of 37 Arab families, with about 150 fighting men. We might have taken the whole of them, had we had a sufficiency of provisions, which were now reduced to rice only. Water was growing more and more scarce every day, and the Arabs becoming more troublesome. They seemed determined not to proceed to Bomba until they saw some of our vessels, never once supposing that we would arrive, but remained under an idea that we wished to get possession of some strong hold in their country, and reduce them to Christianity. They said it was impossible for a christian and a mufullan to have the same interest. Our provisions were drawing to an end, and our Christian soldiers on the point of mutinying. Our prospects were now gloomy indeed, when, on the 10th of April, at the time when we had discovered a mutiny, a courier arrived with news of our vessels being off Bomba. In an instant the face of things changed from pensive gloom to enthusiastic gladness; the soldiers who had refused to mount guard returned to their duty. The next morning we marched on in high spirits, being only three good days march from Bomba, although we had only provisions for the next day. The 12th, our provisions being expended, we killed a camel for subsistence, which lasted us the 13th. On the 13th we arrived at Bomba, having been 3 days without a mouthful of provisions, except a little forage we found now and then, and a small root we dug out of the sand. To add to our difficulties, no vessel was to be seen, and on water to be found; we remained that night without a drop. The Arabs again began to murmur. Early on the morning of the 17th I was roused by the joyful sound of a sail! a sail! I went out of my tent, and enjoyed the pleasing sight of the Argus coming down the coast under full sail. All was now rejoicing, and mutual congratulation. About 8 the Argus discovered us, and at 10 I enjoyed the pleasure of embracing my messmates, and sitting down to a comfortable meal, which I had not enjoyed for near 40 days. When I think on our situation in the Desert, where no other christian ever set his foot, and consider what thieves the Arabs are, who would shoot a man for the buttons on his coat, and their religious prejudices, which would have been sufficient to warrant our deaths, as Christians and enemies to their religion, I frequently wonder how it was possible for us to succeed in reaching Bomba.—Certainly it was one of the most extraordinary expeditions ever fat on foot. We were very frequently 24 hours without water, and once 47 hours without a drop. Our horses were sometimes three days without, and for the last 20 days had nothing to eat except what they picked out of the sand. The country was a melancholy desert throughout, and for the space of 450 miles we saw neither house nor tree, nor hardly any thing green, and except in one place, not a trace of a human being. To morrow morning we sail again for Alexandria. I have but a few minutes to spare from my duty to finish this. Suffice it to say, that on the 27th of April, Derne, the most valuable province of the kingdom of Tripoli, was taken by the united forces of Hamet Basha and Mr. Eaton, and the Argus, Nautilus
WALPOLE, (M.) Sept. 20.
The "Vindication of Mr. Jefferson," which is now publishing in this paper, deserves the candid attention and perusal of every lover of virtue, and every friend to the respectability of his country. It is a complete, an undeniable refutation of all the slanderous accusations which the malice, the envy, the chagrin, and disappointment of a waning faction have induced them to fabricate against the worthy chief magistrate of our country, respecting his conduct in our revolutionary war. But it is not merely a refutation of calumny. It does not merely establish the innocence of the accused. It does not prove only the absence of guilt—it demonstrates the possession of merit. Who can read it and say that he acted in a manner unbecoming the dignity of his station? Who can read it and say that he did not fulfil his duty as a Governor, as a General, as a Patriot, and that his conduct at that time does not deserve the applause of every genuine American and of posterity? Henceforth let federalists beware how they calumniate men in whom republicans have placed their confidence. They may be assured it will always end, as in this case, in a manner honorable to the calumniated and disgraceful to themselves. Though many editors of federal papers, when they published the letter of Mr. Turner, which contained the charges against Mr. Jefferson, expressed a willingness to give place to an answer, if any should appear yet they have not, in a single instance admitted this Vindication into their papers. This is perfectly characteristic, and discovers their hypocrisy and wickedness. They have declared they entertain a sincere desire for the preservation of public morals, over which the example of a chief magistrate, they allowed, has an important influence, and yet they have given publicity to a letter which represented the character of Mr. Jefferson in an odious light, and which, if believed, would induce the rising generation to suppose that honors were to be gained by the cowardly and abandoned, as well as by the brave and virtuous; and now when every charge in that letter has been proved to be false; when the character of the president has been cleared of every stigma, and passed the most penetrating scrutiny, as pure gold the furnace, more bright for the trial it has undergone, they have declined making it known to the public. They have suffered the opinion, that Mr. Jefferson was guilty, which they had impressed upon the minds of the people, to remain, and their ignorant readers will in future have an excuse for their bad conduct in the supposed guilt of the chief magistrate of their country. Pol. Observer.
NORFOLK, October 4.
On Wednesday arrived in Hampton Roads bound to City Point, the ship Suffolk, captain Bryant, from London. On the passage a melancholy circumstance occurred to capt. Bryant, which had nearly occasioned the loss of the vessel and every person on board. One of the shippers of goods in London, had sent on board a case of Aquafortis, without marking it as such, as is generally done, (without the person who received it on board perceiving the mark, if one there was) in order that it may not be put into the hold, but carried upon deck; this attention, however, not being observed, it was stowed below with the rest of the cargo. In the course of the passage capt. B. experienced a heavy gale of wind, and in which he supposes, 1 of the bottles got broke, for on the watch going below, the men belonging to it ran upon deck, saying, that from the smoke below they could not remain there. The smoke was general very soon in every part of the ship. In this alarming situation the first object was to throw overboard about 6 tons of gun-powder, which being done, they discovered the case of Aquafortis, within a few feet of where the powder had laid. The danger was not yet over, for the oppression in breathing from the smoke was such, that the people could not remain below long enough to remove the case; after many exertions capt. B. succeeded in getting it on deck, and throwing it overboard. Capt. B. and his crew were then in a most distressing state, they were dreadfully burnt, and made so unwell from the effects of the smoke, that they were unable to stand the deck. Thearpenter and two of the people died in a few
and Sloop Hornet; and that about the middle of June a peace was concluded with the reigning Basha of Tripoli; and the Ex-Basha, with about 60 of his followers, obliged to abandon their country, without knowing where to seek a home or subsistence. There is not the smallest doubt but that our getting possession of Derne was the reason of the Basha's coming to terms. But I must hasten to conclude, as a boat is now waiting to take the letters on shore. Our whole squadron is at Syracuse, and will soon down the Mediterranean in a short time. The President sails for America shortly. Commander Barron is on board her in a very low state of health. The John Adams and three gun boats have arrived at Syracuse."
Messrs. Editors.
The following extract of a letter from a gentleman of respectability, contains some facts not generally known; you will publish them if you think fit.
"I can now state to you positively, that the Ex-Basha in a formal note to Mr. Eaton, has expressed his acquiescence in the treaty, and in strong unequivocal language has made his acknowledgements for the services rendered him by the American government, admitting at the same time that, failing in every thing that was expected on his part after they had reached Derne, he could not reasonably and therefore did not expect a continuance of their co-operation. His note concluded with thanking the Chief of America and all his servants for their friendly aid and intentions. This note was sent to—in order to defeat any insinuations injurious to the honor of the United States in their relations to the Ex-Basha."
PENNSYLVANIA ELECTION.
The election for governor took place last Tuesday throughout the whole state. Our readers may be assured that we shall anxiously present them with the probable and the ultimate result, as the details and the collating vote shall come to hand. The two following conjectural tables, the first from the Aurora, and the other from the Philadelphia Freeman's Journal, will serve to display the wishes and the expectations of the two parties.
   COUNTIES. Whole number of votes for Majority.   Snyder M c Kean    1 Adams 800 800  2 Allegheny 1400 1700 300  3 Armstrong 100 200 100  4 Beaver 700 300 400  5 Bedford 600 500 100  6 Berks 2000 2300 300  7 Bucks 2100 1950 150  8 Butler 850 950 100  9 Centre 900 300 600  10 Chester 1300 1600 300  11 Crawford 180 100 80  12 Cumberland 1700 1200 500  13 Dauphin 1700 800 900  14 Delaware 550 950 400  15 Erie 150 50 100  16 Fayette 1300 1200 100  17 Franklin 1200 800 400  18 Greene 500 500  19 Huntingdon 800 500 300  20 Leinster 2100 2400 300  21 Luzerne 500 800 300  22 Lycoming 500 300 200  23 Mercer 150 150  24 Mifflin 1200 400 800  25 Montgomery 2000 1850 150  26 Northampton 2000 2400 400  27 Northumberland 3100 1100 2000  28 Philadelphia city 1600 1600  29 Philadelphia county 2400 1600 800  30 Somerset 600 400 200  31 Venango 75 75  32 Warren 50 50  33 Washington 1200 1200 600  34 Wayne 200 200  35 Westmoreland 800 1200 400  36 York 1000 1500 500  39105 33725 8580 3200  
Majority for M c Kean
17000 In that district of Pennsylvania which was represented in the last congress by Judge Lucas, the republicans nominated N. Trith, as his successor. The federalists opposed to him Gen. O'Hara, but the unfortunate division of the republicans of that state, has led to the nomination of 34 candidate, a Mr. Smith. It is therefore perhaps not unreasonable to fear that this subdivision will ensure the success of the federal ticket, in Allegheny and the neighbouring counties.
WASHINGTON, October 4.
THE PRESIDENT of the United States arrived yesterday from Monticello. Nat. Int.
days, and it was ten or twelve days before the others could do the smallest duty, not even to pump the ship which was fortunately tight. This ought to be a warning to persons concerned in shipping and transporting this dangerous article. (Ledger.)
OCTOBER 5.
By yesterday's mail the Editor received a letter from Providence, R. I. from a gentleman who went passenger in the ship Glory, capt. Haynes, from this port to St. Bartholomews, in which he says, "after a passage of 27 days, we arrived at our destined port—On the 27th August, within sight of St. Bartholomews, we were boarded by an officer from the British sloop of war Herem, captain Young, who pressed our boatswain, notwithstanding he had a protection, and treated captain Haynes very cavalierly. We were fortunate in being becalmed in the lat. of Bermuda, as there was an extremely severe gale of wind in the West-India islands, in which three 74's were dismasted, and a copper-bottomed brig belonging to Baltimore was seen upset; crew & cargo perished, and many other vessels much injured. The notorious privateer, called the Grand Turk, commanded by Charles O'Brien, was expected about the first of July between Antigua and Bermuda, and every soul on board perished.—Not a man of these islands remarkably droll—Produce scarce—Flour 3 dollars a barrel!" (Herald.)
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in London to his correspondent in New-York, dated August 7th.
"The French and Spanish cruizers have lately captured all American vessels going from and coming to the British Dominions, and our cruizers have begun to take all vessels of that flag going to the enemies ports. These unfortunate measures for the American navigation, have enhanced the premiums of insurance, and ten guineas are now given from your port to Amsterdam; and to other quarters in proportion."
NORFOLK, October 8.
It is certain that our Government is determined to add six 74's to our infant navy; the building of one of them, we are confidently informed, is immediately to take place at the Navy Yard, Gosport. Herald.
Delightful at least.
   COUNTIES. Whole number of votes for Majority.   Snyder M c Kean    Adams county & city 1000 0  Bucks county 500 0  Montgomery 700 0  Northampton & Wayne 2000 0  Luzerne 600 0  Northumberland 0 1000  Lycoming 400 0  Centre 0 600  Mifflin 0 800  Cumberland 300 0  Dauphin 0 200  Berks 3000 0  Chester 500 0  Delaware 1000 0  Lancaster 1500 0  York 1000 0  Adams 600 0  Franklin

A few days since a treaty was signed at Vincennes, by Wm. H. Harrison, governor of the Indiana territory, on the part of the United States, and several Indian nations and tribes, by which the United States have acquired a right to all the country south of a line to be drawn from the north east corner of the Vincennes tract, so as to strike the Indian boundary running from a point opposite to the mouth of Kentucky river, fifty miles from the Ohio river—This tract contains about 80,000 acres.
This is an interesting occurrence to the western settlements. The purchase connects the counties of Dearborn, Clark and Knox. The Indian title, except a small tract of the Piankashaw claim, is now extinguished from the Miami river to the Mississippi. The Indians are cut off from the Ohio, excepting a point of twelve or fifteen miles, immediately below the Wabash. The settlement of Dearborn and Clark, is rapidly increasing—emigrants are crowding in along the Ohio from the falls of the Wabash, and from thence to the Mississippi; Knox and the counties on the Mississippi, have recently received a considerable increase of population. We now have the fairest prospects of soon possessing numbers sufficient to authorize a formation of a state government, if Congress will consent to a final separation in our ordinance. It is believed that Congress will not dissent from a scheme that will be to advantageous to the inhabitants of the territory; and it is to be hoped that our fellow-citizens will not be so far influenced by local or party prejudices, as to decline the acceptance of an arrangement that will place them on the footing of a free and independent state.
Vincennes paper.
Miscellaneous.
From the Rights of Man.
MR. WILSON, Sir,—At the request of General Eustace, I visited him some days previous to his death. During the course of conversation, he expressed his faith in the Christian Religion, his hope in the Blest Redeemer, and intimated his intention, if God should be pleased to spare him, of partaking of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. After some time, taking me by the hand, he read to me, in a very solemn and affecting manner, a paper containing a declaration of his faith and hope. This paper he delivered to me, desiring me to retain it. It was afterwards given to a near relative of the General's, who has since expressed a desire that it might be published in the Newburgh newspapers. With this desire I readily comply, and herewith send you a copy of it for publication, because I consider it as the General's dying testimony to the truth of Christian Religion, and an evidence that this religion only can comfort and support the soul, in the view of dissolution.
I am, Sir, Yours, JAMES SCRIMGEOUR.
Copy of the paper read by General Eustace, a few days before his death, entitled,
A SOLDIER'S CREED.
I solemnly and devoutly declare to you, Sir, that I am a firm and unswerving Believer in the Blest Redeemer of mankind. My creed extends as far as a vigorous and enterprising genius can comprehend the Divine word; yet I look not forward from this limited distance with the slightest doubt or dismay. No, Sir, it is there, (pointing upwards towards Heaven) that FAITH becomes my patroness and my guide; and it is from my present couch of suffering, but not of complaint, that I wait almost impatiently, for the joyful summons of my God and Saviour.
16th Aug. 1805. 4 aftern. (Signed) JOHN SKEY EUSTACE.
EPIGRAM.
To a musician of the Theatre, occasioned by oranges, apples, &c. being thrown at him. FAM'D Orpheus played with such skill, The very trees he mov'd 'tis said; But you, my friend, perform so ill, You bring the fruit about your head. ROWLAND.
At a court held for King & Queen county, at the court-house on Monday the 9th of Sept. 1805. UPON AN INJUNCTION IN CHANCERY.
Richard Brooke, Plaintiff. Against Wallace Johnson & Muire & Robt. Price, Defendants. THIS day came the plaintiff by his counsel, and the defendants, Wallace Johnson and Muire not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of assembly, in such case made and provided, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this commonwealth. On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel: It is ordered, that the said defendants do appear here on the second Monday in November next, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith returned in some public newspaper published in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of this court-house.
A Copy, Teste, ROBT. POLLARD, c. c. October 11. (F 2m)
VALUABLE ESTABLISHMENT FOR SALE.
THE subscriber being anxious to retire from business, offers for sale the OFFICE and ESTABLISHMENT of THE REPUBLICAN. The situation is well worthy the attention of a printer willing to carry on the business with a certainty of gain. The present annual income of the office is between 4 and 5000 dollars, and a portion of industry and perseverance might add considerably to the emoluments. In addition to this, the flourishing state of the town of Petersburg, and there being but two printing-offices in the place, point out the certain prospect of a great increase of printing business, and that of the most profitable kind. The terms of sale will be so accommodating as to enable any person of prudence and economy to pay the purchase-money from the profits of the office; and as the subscriber is determined to quit all business if a sale can be effected, the price will be less than any similar establishment was ever sold for—being willing to take little more than the actual cost of the materials. It will no doubt appear surprising to many persons, that any one at any time of life should wish to relinquish so advantageous a situation. To such I can only observe, that though young in years, I am old in misfortunes; and that they have been of such a nature as to produce a determination to spend the remainder of my days in some sequestered spot, without any wish of ever being heard of again. I have a sufficiency to enable me to do this; and there is no person now, who has any claim upon my exertions. But notwithstanding these considerations, should a sale not take place prior to the first November next, I must take those I owe to my patrons will induce me to decline all thoughts of selling after that period. In the mean time, I shall be glad to receive the favors of my friends and the public as usual.
Further information may be had upon application, either personally or by letter, (postage paid)
THOMAS FIELD.
Petersburg, Va. 4th October, 1805. In the first year of the year and nine months, Death has snatched from our midst a most excellent wife, in the bloom of youth and three children.
The Enquirer.
RICHMOND, 11th OCTOBER.
COMMUNICATION.
PLAN OF DEFENCE.
In the Norfolk Public Ledger of August 29th, the Editor treated with sovereign contempt "a plan of defence" for our rivers and harbours, which had been proposed in a late Enquirer. But whilst he endeavoured to expose the author of that plan to ridicule, he so completely exposed his own ignorance of the subject and his violent party spirit, that it was thought advisable to leave him in full enjoyment of his vainly supposed superior knowledge of the subject; and the plan, to the consideration of proper judges and of those who may adopt it, should it meet with their approbation. The author of the plan now however thinking it possible, that some well-meaning citizens may be deceived by the Ledger and prejudiced against the measure, should be adopted, and thereby add strength to the federal clamours which will be raised against it or perhaps any plan which can be adopted by the present administration, has thought it proper to point out the futility of the objections made to it in the Ledger.
The first objection of the Ledger is expressed in the following words: "After the experience of our revolutionary war, we never expected to hear GALLIES again recommended;—the best comment upon their inutility, is this simple fact, that out of the whole number which were built at the commencement of the war, there were not three remaining in service at the end of two years. Some indeed were destroyed by the enemy, but the far greater part were suffered to rot in our rivers and ports, as monuments of our experience." But as far as our experience of the use of gallies extended in the revolutionary war, we have been assured from good authority, they were found to be a sufficient defence to our rivers against privateers and even frigates; for not one ever entered a river where a galley was stationed; 'till supported by numbers and a sufficient force to command the shore as well as the river. And the American prisoners on board of the largest frigates, whilst cruising in Chesapeake Bay, have heard the officers and sailors curse our gallies which they lay lying under the force of the different rivers, remarking that their damned long guns and heavy balls might send them to Halifax for a mast, whilst they could not get near enough to hit them. As to those gallies rotting, it may be affirmed that they did not rot sooner than some of the favorite frigates of the Ledger.
We are next told, that "the idea of defending any place with gallies and gun-boats which a frigate or sloop of war can enter, is too absurd to merit further consideration." But the futility of this mode of arguing must be evident, when it is considered, that when the galley lies in deep water or "bold rivers" and within the reach of sloops of war or frigates, by the plan of the Enquirer it is to be supported by an 18 or 24 pounder on the land, and by a smaller cannon with its forge for firing red-hot shot. The Editor of the Ledger, however, opens his battery of wit upon this part of the plan and gives us a picturesque description of the two cannon and a travelling forge and the infantry intended to cover them, all in full chase after the frigate under a press of sail and miserably put to it to get round the Coves or Bays they must have to turn before they can come up with her. The reader, however, who shall recollect that this picture leaves out the galley, which is intended if possible to flank the battery, and which the plan contemplates shall whenever practicable mutually support each other, will easily add to it the galley in pursuit also of the frigate and by a nearer route than the artillery are forced into, at a proper distance from her, that is out of reach of her grape shot, and raking her fore and aft as long as it suits its convenience. He may add too, what would very probably be the true representation of the frigate, many of her sails shot away and possibly her bow-sprit cut off, and mizen-mast carried by the board, broached to, and smoking from the effects of a red-hot shot, or enveloped in smoke and flame blown up by one of them entering her powder-room. This will appear to any one, who is acquainted with the subject, as no exaggeration of what might happen: for such know, that the 24 pounder in the galley, and the 18 or 24 pounder with the field-piece and its red-hot shot, might produce the effects supposed to be represented in this picture, whilst the frigate is supposed to be within reach of those guns, that is, whilst she is falling two miles as supposed by the Ledger, coming up from the river from a mile below, and whilst passing them and getting as it is supposed out of reach a mile above them. For, in coming up, she would according to the supposition be exposed to their fire six minutes, and the cannon would not begin the idle chase as long as they could effectually pursue with the swivels of their bullets, and could aim one half of them at a fixed mark, which by the bye must be the case whilst the frigate is coming up and at a certain distance, and after she has past to that distance; so that she would be exposed to as many rounds from the 2 heavy cannon and field-piece, as they could discharge in 19 minutes. As to hitting the frigate when passing the battery, it is acknowledged to be a difficult thing: but it is affirmed that a skillful artillery or engineer, knowing the velocity of the frigate and of his balls, and the distance they must pass, whilst the frigate is passing over a given space, can fix marks by which the cannon may be directed so as to hit the ship, as certainly as if it were fixed at anchor. For instance: suppose whilst a ship moves over a certain space in the time in which a cannon-ball can pass from the mouth of the cannon to the ship; which space shall subtend a given angle at the cannon and two marks be placed in such directions between the river and the cannon that a line drawn from one of them passing over the mouth and touch-hole of the cannon and another line from the other mark be drawn over the touch-hole; the two lines making there the given angle; if the ball be discharged when the part of the ship aimed at, is in this latter line, it will hit the ship when it shall arrive at a point in the direction of the former.—Or this may be done without marks by making an allowance for the ship's motion. For example; if the ship move over a space equal to the distance between the end of her bow-sprit and her mizen-mast, whilst the ball is passing from the cannon to the ship, all that is necessary to hit her is, to fire when the end of the bow-sprit is in a line with the muzzle and touch-hole of the cannon and to take care not to elevate the piece too much. When it is considered that a ship being made of wood may be burned by red-hot shot, or by shells stuck in her sides discharged by a howitzer; or may be sunk by breaking in her timbers and rending her planks between wind and water, as they are called: and it is well known that for fear of an attack of this sort, Danmore's fleet abandoned Elizabeth river, and that it was afterwards, by 2 cannon, driven from Gwynn's Island; that Sir P. Parker's squadron was re-
pulled by a few cannon on Sullivan's Island; the Augusta 74, and the Merlin sloop of war blown up by the cannonade from Mud Island; the Charon and Guadaloupe burnt by the French battery at York Town: and the Spanish ships and gun-boats destroyed by the battery at Gibraltar; it is vain to ridicule the use of the batteries proposed in the Enquirer; indeed it is ridiculous to object to it.
A long cannon carrying a ball of 22 pounds weight, and placed in the bow and stern of a strong well-constructed galley, must be truly formidable to frigates when a-ground or at anchor and becalmed, not only on account of its superior weight of metal, but on account of the certainty with which such guns, in such vessels, may be directed against a ship, and the impracticability of the ship's guns doing any execution with grape-shot at the distance the galley may take; or of hitting her at all with single balls, as her bow would be so small an object to aim at, when placed at that distance which would best suit the galley. It has been asserted and almost demonstrated, that 6 such gallies, at a proper distance, may destroy even a 64 gun-ship: the large object, which such a ship presents to every galley, being a sure mark, & their bows and the large intervals between them, greatly increasing the difficulty and improbability of her hitting any one of them within the time in which their shot might prove destructive to the ships. And as to a temporary land-battery, it may be easily constructed of sufficient strength in a proper place to resist the fire of one frigate; from which a 24 pounder firing en Barbet, that is, playing over the parapet and not through an embrasure, may destroy a frigate, especially if aided by a proper cannon firing red-hot shot.
Governor Johnston in the American war declared (in opposition to the assertion of the ministerial party in the House of Commons, who had affirmed that their sloops of war and frigates would be very formidable in our rivers) that since forced to support his opinion, "the fatal secret must be out;" that "a single 18 pounder in a proper position, can put to flight the stoutest ship." And here I think he had in view, a case at Martinique in the preceding war, where a single 18 pounder in a Barbet battery, did almost destroy a 64 gun-ship, and did so greatly annoy another 64 (the Rippon I think) which was sent to bring her off, that the British were obliged to land some troops and dislodge the small party which manned that battery, before they could silence that single cannon. At Fort Sullivan, near Charleston, Sir Peter Parker, when he with two 50 gun-ships, a frigate and bomb-ketch was obliged to retire, leaving a fine frigate after setting her on fire (the Astrea after she had broached and run a-ground, her rigging being shot away); and the Charon a 44 and Guadaloupe a frigate set on fire by the French battery on Nelson's farm during the Siege of York, demonstrate the efficacy of land-batteries. The case of the Augusta a 74, and the Merlin sloop of war, blown up by the cannon on Mud Island; and the rout of the Otter, King Fisher and the Danmore, and two sail of Danmore's fleet at Gwynn's Island, and the destruction of the Spanish gun-boats at Gibraltar, may be added, to satisfy such as doubt of the efficacy of Batteries in opposing ships of war.
One of the blessings of the British Treaty.
"You seem to have forgotten," says Barlow, in his 1st Letter to the People of the United States, "that different nations, as well as different animals, have different means of defence, with which nature and circumstances have respectively endowed them. England is defended almost entirely by a maritime force, without deeming it necessary to fortify her towns, or keep on foot any considerable army by land. Austria depends wholly upon her land troops, and her fortifications. The Pope, though for many ages the most powerful monarch in Europe, depended on no physical force by land or sea, but altogether on a moral force, or church policy. Now if either of the latter powers had laid to England: lay aside your navy; it is dishonourable to make use of wooden walls and floating batteries: you ought to allow your enemy to land in your country when he pleases, and then trust to your bayonet or your prayer-book for defence—is it probable that England would have been persuaded by that argument, to set fire to her ships? The defence of the United States lay in the peculiar nature of their commerce. You had an invincible bulwark in the ships you were constantly owing and renewing with all the nations that had it in their power to menace your repose. But the first nation that takes it in her head to insult you, comes and tells you that your mode of defence is dishonourable, that you must not use it, but give it up by compact. And although it was more sure, more peaceable, more natural and less expensive, than any other that could be imagined, you immediately reigned it into her hands."
CASE IN POINT.—Though British armed vessels should blockade our harbours and intercept even our direct trade; though they should trample with disdain upon certificates of American citizenship, and impress thousands of our countrymen; though their cruizers in all directions should capture our vessels laden with the colonial produce of France, in opposition to the law of nations and their own express admissions in 1801; this natural armour of our nation would be of no avail. The federal administration has voluntarily surrendered the exercise of this privilege, and has so far encieled our natural and pacific powers of resistance. In that Pandora-box of American politics, the British treaty, this ignominious sacrifice is directly comprehended. By the 10th article of that treaty, which by a subsequent one is classed among those which are intended to be permanent, it is expressly stipulated that:
"Neither the debts due from individuals of the one nation to individuals of the other, nor shares, nor monies which they may have in the public funds, or in the public or private banks, shall ever, in any event of war or national differences, be sequestrated or confiscated; it being unjust and impolitic that debts and engagements contracted and made by individuals, having consentments, should ever be destroyed or impaired by national authority, on account of national differences and contentions."
The charge of injustice and impolicy here spoken of in the treaty, are ably and triumphantly refuted, in the same letter of Mr. Barlow, from which we have made the preceding quotation.—In fact, this celebrated treaty seems to have involved the compleatist and most wanton surrender of neutral rights, which ever was made by an independent and agricultural nation. The party to whom we owe its existence, appear to have been proud, that they had it in their power to sacrifice almost every principle of neutrality, which their republican opponents had so zealously supported. It was not a little triumph, that Mr. Jay could show to the world how completely he despised the favourite measures of Jefferson and Madison; although these measures would have secured the most important interests of the nation. Nor was it a bad stroke of policy, that by such a use of the treaty-making power which they at that time directed from their influence in the cabinet and in the senate, they could recognize and adopt certain principles of policy, which a republican case of representatives would have refused to sanction; thus binding up the hands of the legislative body at that time and for a long period after, by this destructive exercise of the treaty-making power.
Would we, therefore, remain in peace with Great-Britain, and faithfully observe the surviving articles of the treaty, we have no other advantageous instrument of defence against the multiplied injuries which she may think proper to heap upon us than commercial restrictions.
The federal prints vehemently complain that Mr. Jefferson has suffered the commercial articles of the British treaty to expire without having made a single attempt to renew them;—when it is well known, according to the London and American prints of the last year, that our minister at London had been fruitfully employed in negotiating for such a treaty as might be consistent with the honor of our country and the rights of neutral nations. They complain that our commerce, instead of being firmly secured by a treaty, is now dependant upon the courtesy of that country: when it is well known, that the very commercial restriction, which has called forth this animadversion (the late restriction upon our carrying trade) was imposed in 1801 by Great-Britain, at the very time when their celebrated treaty with that country was in complete operation. In fact, if there be any just cause of complaint in the present instance, it must obviously lay against the federal administration, which neglected to introduce into that treaty some stipulation for defining and securing our rightful trade with nations at war with G. Britain.
Political RECIPE for all Discontented Factions. Whenever any new incident occurs, which demands the attention of the administration, consider what measure is best adapted to the welfare of the country. When this discovery has been once effected, regard yourself as the only enlightened statesman in the nation, and take for granted that the administration has not adopted a single measure for the accomplishment of this object. The secrecy which it is sometimes necessary for every government to cast over its measures, will frequently put off the danger of a refutation to a very distant day. In the mean time you have the advantage of playing upon the feelings of the people, and reviling an administration, which is prevented by policy, or contempt, from exposing your calumnies. And when the time does arrive for developing the measures of the government and thus exposing your malicious insinuations, you have only to start a new calumny, by which you may in the same manner attempt to impose upon the judgment of the world, and conceal your own mortification. Thus you may proceed ad infinitum. It may be worth while however, to observe, that you had better now and then introduce some little episode of truth, if the administration that you attack, will allow you such an opening; because the argument here preferred will, like all other good things, in process of time, lose its virtue from the want of some novelty to recommend it. Too frequent a refutation of your calumnies will be apt to wear out the springs of delusion, and expose you to multiplied and needlessly contempt. This last precaution is particularly suggested by the fate of a certain party in this country, whose impolitic imprudence has contributed, among other causes, to reduce them "to dust and ashes," before the indignant frowns of an injured and insulted nation.
"Great-Britain certainly will not yield the point that "free ships make free goods, and we should be worse than fools to insist upon it." We got ten times as much profit by her rejecting that quack principle of the French, unknown to the maritime law, as we should by her unreserved admission of it." Bish. Rep.
An assertion more pregnant with absurdity and mischievous, could scarcely have been penned by the hand of infatuation itself.
We shall not enter into the volume of arguments, that might be adduced to prove that the principle of "free ships making free goods," tends not only to render the trade of neutral nations more extensive, but their enjoyment of peace more secure. We shall content ourselves with observing, that if ever there was a time, when this assertion could have been made in the very face of demonstration; if ever there was a time, when the evidence of facts unequivocally demonstrated the value of this principle, it is the present, when the British admiralty have laid such rigorous restrictions upon our vessels and cargoes. Had this principle been once recognized by treaty, the murmurs which have now pervaded our country, would never have been heard; because the American flag would then have protected our cargoes, whether they consisted of our own produce or of the produce of French colonies.
The other principle of neutral commerce, which is advocated in place of this, that "neutral property shall be free in whatever bottoms it is found" would not be sufficient to protect this branch of trade, and to allay those murmurs: because the British Court of Admiralty would easily have alleged, that the colonial produce embarked on board of those vessels was not in fact American property, but fraudulently covered under American names; and that the only proof which they would be willing to admit is the very one, which they now demand; that is, that the cargo should be landed in our ports and re-shipped on board of a different vessel. It is for this reason that Mr. King when remonstrating on this very subject with Lord Hawkesbury, in 1801, has obviously fallen into the same pernicious error: "So long, says he, as the ancient law of nations is observed, which protects the innocent merchandise of neutrals, while it abandons to the belligerent the goods of his enemy, a plain rule exists, and may be appealed to, to decide the rights of peace and war." Had Mr. King asserted that the plainest rule would have been, that free ships make free goods, he would have recognized a rule much more congenial to the real interests of his country.
That this is not a quack principle of the French, and unknown to the maritime law, as the Boston writer contends, nor the ancient law of nations as Mr. King asserts, may be easily demonstrated by the history of commercial treaties. The following is a list of those in which it is stipulated that the flag shall protect the cargo, in all cases except in contraband of war:
  Between France In Sweden, 1667   and Idem, 1675   Holland, 1646 Idem, 1679   Hanse-Towns, 1655 Naples, 1752   England, 1655   Spain, 1659 Between Spain In   Holland, 1662 and   Idem, 1678 Austria, 1725   Idem, 1697 Denmark, 1742   Idem, 1719   Denmark, 1739 Between Denmark In   Idem, 1662 and   Sweden, 1742 Genoa, 1756   England, 1677 Naples, 1749   Idem, 1718 Between Russia In   Between England In (A m'd neutrality.) and 
  and Holland, 1730   Portugal, 1654 Prussia, do.   Sweden, 1656 Sweden, do.   Spain, 1667 Denmark, do.   Idem, 1670 Naples, do.   Idem, 1713   Holland, 1668 Between the U. S. In   Idem, 1674 and   Between Holland In France, 1778   and Holland, 1780   Portugal, 1661 Prussia, 1785   Sweden, 1795 
FAIRFIELD RACES.
Second day—Jockey Club of 450 dollars. Mr. Tayloe's Top Gallant, 1 1. Mr. Wythe's Milk, 3 dis. Mr. Mothy's Chesterfield, 3 dis. Mr. Harrison's ch. c. 4 dis. Mr. Symes' Moli Roc, 5 dis. Third day—Proprietor's Purse of 250 dollars. Mr. Tayloe's Hamiltonian, 1 1. Mr. Hoopes' b. c. by Diomed, 2 2. Mr. Baker's Sir Roger, 3 dis. Mr. Randolph's b. c. 4 dis. Mr. Ball's Overseer, dis. On the Fourth Day, The Farmers' Sweepstakes; 20 subscribers, at 20 dollars each, which was won by a horse belonging to Mr. Taliaferro.
NOTICE.
The lectures in the College of William and Mary commence, as usual, on the third Monday in October. PARENTS and Guardians are hereby informed, of the necessary expenses of a Student for one course; and it is greatly to be wished, that a deviation from them should, in no case, be permitted: Board at the highest rate, from the 20th of Oct. to the 20th of the succeeding July, 150 D. Fuel, washing and candles, 25. Professor's fees, if three be attended, 45. Pocket money—not to exceed 30. Dollars, 260. October 8. 2t
BOOKS BORROWED & NOT RETURNED.
THE second Volume of Gibbon's history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. The first volume of Watson's history of Philip the Second, and the second, and the second volume of the same author's history of Philip the second. The person who may be in possession of the books above described, will have an opportunity of returning them to the owner, by leaving their names with the Editor of the Enquirer. October 11.
FALL GOODS.
THE Subscribers are receiving, by the ships Intrepid, Providence and George, from Liverpool, and the Suffolk from London, their supply of merchandise for the fall, which (especially in the Hardware line) is very extensive and general, and will be sold by the piece or package. They have also on hand a new Quarter Casks London Particular Madeira Wine, Cogniac Brandy, Raisins, Pepper, Alum, &c. All of which they offer for sale on the most moderate terms. JOHN & ROBT. GAMBLE, Jun'r. (oawaw.) October 11.
FALL GOODS.
THE Subscriber is receiving and opening a general assortment of FALL and WINTER GOODS, which he offers for sale on his usual low terms. WILLIAM GALT. October 11. 4w.
JUST RECEIVED AT JOHN PUMFREY'S, BOOK-BINDER AND STATIONER,
TWO hundred and fifty Reams of FOOL SCAP POTT and POST WRITING PAPER. He has also on hand an extensive stock of BLANK BOOKS of all descriptions, manufactured from materials of the first quality, and every other article in the Stationary line. Tickets for sale in the Second Class of the Richmond Academy Lottery. October 11.
BY Virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed to us by Thomas C. Armstrong, to secure a debt due by him to Thomas Miller of Powhatan, we shall on the 4th Monday of November, at Cumberland Courthouse, proceed to sell, to the highest bidder, for cash, a TRACT OF LAND, lying on the waters of Appomattox, in the same county, and containing three hundred acres. This land is extremely fertile, and has on it houses to accommodate a family. The land will be shown to any person disposed to purchase, by Mr. Johnson, who resides on it, or by Mr. William Walker in the neighbourhood. SAMUEL STEPPARD, THOMAS CRANE. October 11. Fm.
MANCHESTER TURNPIKE COMPANY, 8th requisition.
THE Shareholders in the Manchester Turnpike Company, are hereby required to pay to James Brander, Treasurer, the further sum of ten dollars, on each share, on or before the 18th of November next. By order of the directors, JAMES BRANDER, CLK. Manchester, October 11. 18m.
THE Co-partnership of the subscribers, under the firm of Thomas Taylor & Co. will dissolve by mutual consent, on the 11th inst. THOS. TAYLOR, JNO. SATCHELL.
The subscribers, under the firm of
TAYLOR & BROWN, Offer their services to the public as AUCTIONEERS and COMMISSION MERCHANTS, at the fund lately occupied by Thomas Taylor & Co. where they have on hand a large stock of Dry Goods and West-India Produce, most of which will be disposed of at private sale on very low terms for cash or approved negotiable notes. THOMAS TAYLOR, JAMES BROWN, Jun'r. October 11. (H)
NOTICE.
A Petition will be presented to the next General Assembly, praying that the County Court of King William may hereafter be held on the first Monday, and the Court of Hanover on the fourth Monday of every month. Oct. 8. Tm.
NOTICE.
ALL persons who have any demands against me, either on my own account or as security for others, are desired to bring them forward within three months from this date, and all just claims shall be discharged. The creditors of Bernard M'Anally, dec'd. are particularly requested to attend to this notice, having funds in my hands belonging to said M'Anally's estate. Should this notice be disregarded, I shall consider myself absolved from all claims brought forward after the expiration of the above mentioned period. BRETT RANDOLPH, Fighting Creek, Powhatan, Oct. 8. Tsw
Printing.
IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ENQUIRER.

WILLIAMSBURG RACES.
ON Wednesday the 30th October, will be run for over the Williamsburg Course, The Jockey Club Purse of Four hundred Dollars, four mile heats. The day following, The Proprietor's Purse of Two Hundred Dollars, two mile heats. WEIGHTS AS FOLLOWS: Aged Horses 133 lbs. 6 years old 123 5 do. 118 4 do. 106 3 do. 90 Mares and geldings allowed 3 lbs. August 29, 1805.
Subscribers to the Williamsburg Jockey Club are desired to pay the amount of their subscription money to Robert Anderson, the Treasurer, on or before the first day of October next. By Order of the Club. JAMES SEMPLE, Sen'r. Sec'y. September 6. F300
BELL TAVERN—APOTHECARY SHOP.
Doctor WILSON, has just received from Philadelphia and New-York, where he personally laid in a general supply of
MEDICINES, and other articles in the Apothecary line—Among which are: DERUVIAN Bark, Jalap, Ipecac, Magnesia, Arrow Root, Anderson's Pills, Bateman's Drops, Aqua Fortis, British Oil, Cephalic Snuff, Church's Cough Drops, Daffy's Elixir, Dalley's Carminative, Gawland's Lotion, Godfrey's Cordial, Greenough's Tincture, for the Teeth & Gums, Haerlem Oil, Hooper's Female Pills, Ilex Plasters, James's Fever Powders, Jeluit's Drops, Milk of Roses, Nankene Dye, Squire's Elixir, Steer's Oposodoe, Stoughton's Bitters, Tooth Powder, Fish Brashes, Court Plaster, Fig Blue, Spanish Indigo, Gold Leaf, Silver Leaf, Logwood, Lip Salve, Windsor Soap, Wakh Balls, Copal Varnish, White Varnish, Spirits of Turpentine, Carmine, Drop Lake, Dutch Pink, Flake White, King's Yellow, Ivory Black, Litharge, Red Lead, White Lead, dry and ground in Oil, Walnut Oil, Patent Yellow, Prussian Blue, Rose Pink, Blue Smalts, Spanish Brown and Yellow Ochre, dry and ground in Oil, Terra-de-Sienna, Turkey Umber, Venetian Red, Verdegreafe, Vermilion, Spanish Whiting, Linseed Oil, &c. &c. &c.
The above articles are warranted to be of the best quality—Regular attention and fair prices. Physicians, or those who buy to retail, will perhaps find it to their account to call and examine. August 30. (F ff.)
BENJAMIN DU VAL, AT THE SIGN OF THE GOLDEN MORTAR, RICHMOND.
HAS just received a very large and extensive assortment of fresh MEDICINES, SURGEON'S INSTRUMENTS, DRUGS and DYE-STUFFS, PAINTS of all kinds, OIL, VARNISHES, PUTTY, &c.
Also a complete assortment of HATTERS' MATERIALS, CONSISTING OF Hatters' Irons, Logwood, Coppears, Verdegreafe, Fullick, Spanish Indigo, Oil of Vitriol, Ag. Fortis, Quickfliver, Crude Tartar, Bafon Irons, Bow-Strings, Linings, Galons, Taffet Bands, Rubbing Dishes, Stampers, Trenchers, &c.
Which added to his former stock, completes an assortment that was never equalled in his line of business, in this city. He thanks his customers for past favors, and hopes to merit a continuation of their custom. His former attention to the quality of his Medicines, importing them in their crude state, that he might be able to judge of their quality, and powdering and preparing them under his immediate inspection, have contributed to his present establishment; and opposition he presumes will not relax his exertions to give general satisfaction in future. His experience for more than 12 years past, as a Apothecary and Druggist in this city, added to a small stock of Medical Information acquired before, enables him, he thinks, to form a tolerably correct judgment as to the quality of Drugs and Medicines, although he cannot boast of honors conferred on him, greater than the confidence of numerous and respectable customers. In regard to his wholesale prices, he promises to furnish each of his wholesale customers with a printed price current, as soon as possible, and feels himself confident in their appreciation, knowing that no one in this state can afford to under-sell him. This he intends to do, not to get others' customers from them, but to secure his own. Any articles that may be ordered, and not approved of as to quality, may be returned if in good order, and in a reasonable time. June 7. (3w&tf)
HUGH J. CRAWFORD,
HAS just received per the ship Planter, Captain Boath, from London, his fall supply of DRUGS & MEDICINES, which being laid in under his own immediate inspection, the quality may be depended on; and having purchased with cash, he is enabled to dispose of them on the most moderate terms. ALSO: London White Lead, gr'd in oil, Spanish Brown, do. Yellow O.ire, do. Paint Brashes of all sizes, Best English Glue, Gold and Silver Leaf, Prussian Blue, Patent Yellow, Verdegreafe, Stone Ochre, Venetian Red, King's Yellow, &c. He has for sale, a few bottles Virginia Caster Oil, of the same quality as that lately sold at Dr. Crimmins. Sept. 20. oaw3m
BENJAMIN STETSON,
INFORMS his friends and the public in general he has for sale, 400 gallons Holland's Linseed Oil, White Lead and Spanish Brown ground in Oil, Patent Green ground in ditto, Verdigree and Spanish Brown, dry; 8 by 10 Window Glass, & Putty; 24, 34, 44, 64, 84, 104, and 204 Nails, two Casks Spike Nails, Bar Iron, German and Blistered Steel; general assortment of Iron Hollow Ware; 100 Gals. Molasses, French Brandy, West-India and New-England Rum, Tea, Coffee, Loaf and Brown Sugar, Chocolate, Mena, fine and coarse Shoes, Ladies Kid & Morocco and Leather Slippers; 8 Boxes Cotton and Wool Cards assorted; half pins and quarter Tomblers; small invoice elegant cut glass, Stone ware, German Oseubangs, 50 Gals. Salt, Novafetia Grind Stones, and many other articles in store, which he will sell cheap for cash or country produce. April 2. (1aw12m.)
THE HIGHEST PRICE (IN CASH) WILL BE GIVEN AT THIS OFFICE FOR CLEAN LINEN & COTTON RAGS.
FOR SALE ON PRIVATE CONTRACT,
GREEN-WAY, the seat on which I now reside, including Mous-Sacer, & the Court-House Tenement, containing in all 1200 acres of fertile level farming land (releaving one acre of consecrated ground). The whole is bounded by two navigable creeks, emptying into James River before the door and forming a bay, therefrom 1400 yards only—25 miles to Petersburg by water, 30 to Richmond by land and 28 to Williamsburg—The Court-House Tenement has on it a large enfored Tavern, with six rooms; one of which is 32 feet by 20 in length and breadth, arched in the middle and used for entertainment; also all necessary out-houses, a good garden and a fine Well of water, dry cellars, stores &c. for the use of a commercial business, which are now occupied to advantage in that line. This is an excellent place for stock, fish and fowl in their seasons; and enough of corn, wheat & oats may be made by common industry for the consumption of the Tavern. This Tenement has 200 acres of land annexed to it, and rents for £100 a year. GREEN-WAY contains 500 acres well improved. On it, is a genteel well finished dwelling house, containing fine rooms; all waifcoated, chair board high, with fine dry cellars, the full length of the house which is 56 feet: also every other building which a reasonable person could wish or desire, to wit: a handsome study, Stone House, Kitchen, Laundry, Dairy, Meat House, Spinning House and an Ice House within the Curtilage, a Barn 40 by 34 feet, two granaries, two Carriage Houses, 20 stalls for horses, a quarter for house servants, a handsome Octagon Pigeon House with stock &c., and several other houses for slaves, a well of water, (so excellent that I can drink it with delight after returning from a mountain circuit) a large fertile garden abounding with a great variety of fruits, herbs and beautiful flowers, well enclosed. The buildings new and well cover'd with shingles. MON-SACER contains five hundred acres more or less, on which is a neat small dwelling, a mill begun on a never-failing stream, one mile from James River and emptying itself thereon. This farm is remarkably level and highly improvable, is in a fine settlement for wheat and timber, so that the manufacturing business may be carried on to great advantage, as also the fowing of timber now so much in demand. About half this estate inclusive is under fine fire wood and timber—and scarcely a gall on a wath on any part of it. The age and fever has not visited a white person for 20 years that I recollect. In short there cannot well be conceived a more agreeable situation in all respects than this estate taken together. UTOPÍA. I will also dispose of—This little estate lies in James City county; is an Island surrounded by navigable water near the mouth of Chickahominy river, containing 746 acres of high land and hard marsh sufficient for the support of 1000 head of cattle in the month of May. The high land is rich and produces four and five barrels of corn to the acre. There are 100 acres of good timber adjoining the farm. In the center of this Island is a very handsome hill, on which a small but comfortable dwelling is built, affording a fine prospect over James River for many miles. Here every necessary of life can be had and many of its luxuries with little trouble. It overflows with milk and honey when sufficient stock is furnished to go upon. It is remarkable for fine fruit, as the frosts seldom or never affect it; and no place in Virginia surpasses it for fish and wild-fowl. From this place quantities of hay might be transported by water to Richmond, Norfolk or Petersburg. Any kind of public securities will be taken for the above property, or if more agreeable to the purchaser or purchasers, I will receive part in cash and the balance at convenient periods—Thirty or forty slaves and flocks of every kind may be had, if the estate is purchased all together. My lands on Clear Creek, Big Licking and Triplett in Kentucky I will also sell or exchange for property in Richmond. It may be now enquired why I should in an advanced stage of life part with an estate so convenient and agreeable in all respects? In the first place, in a little time I shall be compelled by the unerring voice of nature to "quit this mortal coil," and it is right I should so adjust all my matters as to leave nothing for litigation after my death. My years of regret will be therefore but few on that score. Secondly, it is the best mode I can adopt for a fair division of what I possess among my children; and lastly, I am desirous of obtaining a situation, more convenient and cheap for the education of my sons, which the savings from a narrow parsimonious salary, and the profits arising from a much neglected estate, in consequence of my attention to public duties, can never support. JOHN TYLER. (1wtf) August 24.
SALES AT AUCTION.
ON Monday the 14th of October next will commence the sale of WILLIAM MACKENZIE & Co's Stock, at their Store, three doors below the Eagle Tavern. Consisting of upwards of Thirty Thousand Dollars worth of fashionable and well selected DRY GOODS. TERMS—All sums under 100 dollars, 90 days, and on all sums above 100 dollars 3 and 6 months credit will be given. Notes not negotiable, but with approved security. October 1. (eptds.)
SALES AT AUCTION.
Will be sold on Tuesday the 15th October next, positively without reserve and on a credit of 120 days, for negotiable notes, on all sums exceeding 100 dollars. Large assortment of GOODS, consisting of Calico and Chintz, Superfine cloths and Cashmeres, Fine and coarse do. Dutch Blankets, Men and Women's cotton flockings, Men and Women's short and extra long kid Gloves, Men's white and brown thread flockings, 4-4, 6-8 and 6-4 plain cambric muslins, 6-4 figured and laced do. Irish Linens and linene things, Brown Hollands, thread and tape, Marcellus Dimity, Fustian, Durants, Moreens, Bombazets, Wildbores, Men's fine and coarse hats, Men's fine and coarse shoes, A very large and general assortment of Ironmongery and Hardware, Three cases of single and double barrel fowling pieces, 10d and 20 Nails, &c. &c. &c. THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. v. m's. Sept. 27. (eptds.)
MARSHAL'S SALE.
BY virtue of a decree of the Court of the United States for the Fifth Circuit in the Virginia District, pronounced in May last between John Somerville plaintiff, and David Ross defendant: WILL BE SOLD, on Tuesday the 15th day of October next, to the highest bidder for ready money; so much of the Tract of Land in Chesterfield county, commonly called the Falls Plantation, as will be sufficient to raise the sum of two thousand one hundred and twenty one dollars and 37 cents, and the costs of suit and of sale. The point at which the purchaser is to begin his survey and the direction in which he is to run his lines, will be designated on the day of sale, which sale will be had on the premises. JOSEPH SCOTT, Marshal V.D. Sept. 20, 1805. eptds
MARSHAL'S SALES.
TO BE SOLD, for ready money, in pursuance of a decree of the court of the United States, for the fifth circuit in the Virginia district, between Phoebe Bond, attorney for the creditors of Ezekiel Edwards and David Ross, and others defendants, in order to raise the sum of 4209 dols. 96 cents, with the expenses of sale, a number of very valuable slaves now at the Oxford Iron Works. The sale will take place at the said Works, on the 16th day of November next. BENJ. MOSBY, D. M. for JOSEPH SCOTT, M. V. D. (eptds) October 4.
TO STUDENTS OF WILLIAM & MARY.
ANDERSON has just opened at the Post-Office, Williamsburg, a very extensive assortment of Books, Globes, Maps, and other literary objects. The importation has been made with a direct view to the subjects of the lectures, and together with a variety of miscellaneous literature, comprehends all the most valuable works made use of, or referred to, during the course. WHEREAS I executed a deed of trust to Lance-lot Minor, Richard Tompkins, and John M. Herndon, bearing date the 7th day of March, 1803, for certain purposes therein mentioned, which being now effected: I therefore take this method of giving Notice, that I hereby revoke and make void said deed. WILLIAM MINOR. Hanover, Oct. 8. T4w5
NOTICE.
THAT by virtue of a deed in trust, executed by John Brittain to me, I shall, on Monday the 28th day of October next, at 11 o'clock, at the Vendue Office in this city, between the hours of 10 and 11 o'clock, expose to sale by public auction, to the highest bidder for ready money, 40 1/4 acres of LAND, lying in the county of Henrico, adjoining the land of Mr. John Pendleton upon the brook. Also, 36 1/4 acres adjoining the above, being the same tracts of land which were conveyed by deeds duly recorded in Henrico court from Geo. W. Seaton to the said John Brittain. Also, two slaves, Peter and Sarah, the first aged about thirty, the latter about twenty-seven years, or so much of the said property as may be sufficient to satisfy Manuel Judah the sum of 500 dollars, together with all costs and charges attending the drawing, recording and execution of the said deed of trust. SAMUEL MCCRAW, Trustee. Richmond, October 8. eptds
TO BE RENTED.
MY HOUSE and LOT, open Shadyside-Hill, in an airy pleasant situation—For terms, apply to Mr. Samuel McCraw, who is fully authorized by me, to treat for the same, or to the subscriber. Possession may be immediately had. WILLIAM MANN. August 30. (F ff.)
RAPPAPHANNOCK RACES.
ON Monday the 14th of October, will positively be run for over the Rappahannock Jockey Club course, the Sweep Stake—To this Race there are nine subscribers at 100 Dollars each (half forfeit.) On Tuesday the day following, being the third Tuesday in October the Jockey Club Race will commence, the first days purse will be about four hundred and fifty Dollars, four mile heats. On Wednesday, the second days purse will be two hundred and twenty Dollars, two mile heats; and on Thursday, the third days purse will be three hundred and thirty Dollars, three mile heats. Immediately after the last days Race, an elegant Saddle and Bridle price Fifty Dollars, (by Mr. James Smock) will be run for by Saddle Horses one mile heats. It is to be hoped that each member will be pointed in the payment of his subscription, so as to enable the subscriber to place into the hands of the judges the amount of each day's purse—in order to show the members the necessity of being punctual in the payment of their subscription, I beg leave to annex the 20th article of the Constitution. "Article Twentieth. On the first day's race, in every year, the Secretary shall lay on the table, before dinner, a list of all such members as have not paid up their subscription." It is necessary to state the reasons which induced us to alter the time of our Races, the first alteration was from the 29th to the 29th was made to us not to interfere with the City Races; and the present those of Peterburg; thus far we have gone in accomodating those who may have a wish to be at all the Races. By order of the President, HAZLEWOOD PARISH, Secretary and Treasurer. Frederickburg, Oct. 4, 1805. eptd
IN CHANCERY.
John Profit, Randolph Profit, Jesse Profit, Rowland Profit, Elizabeth Profit and Nancy Profit, children of David Profit, dec'd. and Duncan Cameron and Molly his wife, late Molly Profit, a daughter of David Profit, dec'd. and David Profit and Austin Profit infant children of Austin Profit, dec'd. who was a son of the said David Profit, dec'd. by John Profit their guardian and next friend. Comp'lts. William Joffin and Sally his wife, Joseph Wilcher and Susanna his wife, and David Profit, which said Sally, Susanna, and David are children of the said David Profit, dec'd. Def's. On the motion of the complainants by their attorney, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendants Wm. Joffin and Sally his wife, Joseph Wilcher and Susanna his wife, and David Profit are not inhabitants of this state and without the jurisdiction of this court: It is ordered that the defendants do appear here on the third Monday in November next, and answer the complainant's bill, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some public newspaper published within this Commonwealth for eight weeks successively, and that a notice of this order be posted at the front door of the court house of this county on some court day. Copy, Telle, W. S. CRAWFORD, c. c. cur. Sept. 24. eptw.
LAND—FOR SALE.
IN the county of Louisa County, lying within one mile of the Court-house, on Conque's creek; this tract contains seven hundred and fifty acres, one hundred and fifty of which is cleared; comfortably improved for the accommodation of a family. This land is well suited to the cultivation of Tobacco, Corn and Wheat. A great bargain may be had in this land. The terms may be made known, by application to Major Grief Green, of Nottoway, who is duly authorized to dispose of it, or the subscriber living on the premises. JOSEPH SMITH. Louisa County, August 2. (eptf.)
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.
BOLTING CLOTHS.
A COMPLETE assortment of best Dutch Bolting Cloths, just received—for sale by M. & B. MYERS. September 10. (eptf.)
TO RENT.
A Very large and excellent CELLAR, under the Mason's Hall—for terms, apply to Jacob I. Cohen, or Solomon Jacobs. September 20. eptw
SALES AT AUCTION.
THE subscribers respectfully inform their friends and the public, that they have commenced business in the house lately occupied by Mr. John Ayers, saddler, next door to Dr. Terrens', and nearly opposite to Mr. Wm. Galt's Store—under the firm of FITZWHYLSONN & POTTER, BOOK-BINDERS AND STATIONERS. They have on hand, an assortment of Stationery of excellent quality, to which additions are daily expected. Orders from the town or country immediately attended to, and every article sent by them warranted, as to the quality of the materials, and the fidelity of the workmanship. Wm. H. FITZWHYLSONN, WALTER POTTER. Richmond, Sept. 24, 1805. eptw
ELLIS & ALLAN
HAVE just received—88 bags COFFEE, 2 pipes OLD BRAZIL WINE of very superior quality, and 1 pipe COGNAC BRANDY, which they will sell low for cash or on a short credit. Sept. 17. eptw
BOARDING IN WILLIAMSBURG.
AS the time when the course usually commences at William & Mary College is fast approaching, the subscriber informs parents and young gentlemen that he will continue to receive boarders on terms as moderate as circumstances will allow. It will be his peculiar endeavor to combine satisfactory accommodations, with internal decorum and propriety. Beside other recommendations, his house possesses the advantage of being almost contiguous to the college. ED: CHEMINANT. Williamsburg, October 1. (5t.)
BURR MILL STONES, OF ALL SIZES; and PLAISTER OF PARIS, of an excellent quality, FOR SALE, as usual, BY WILLIAM DAVIDSON, near the Market. Dec. 4. [eptf.]
DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.
THE Co-partnership of Wm. C. Drummond & Co. is, by mutual consent, dissolved this day; all persons having demands against the said firm, and those indebted thereto, are desired to call on either of the subscribers for settlement. W. C. DRUMMOND, HENRY BOVEY. P. S. They offer for sale, their present STOCK of GOODS on hand, and will give up to the purchaser the eligible stand now occupied by them immediately. October 1. (eptf.)
THE Co-partnership of KNIGHT & DRUMMOND
is, by mutual consent, dissolved this day. All persons having demands against said firm, and those indebted thereto, are requested to call on Wm. C. Drummond & Co. for immediate settlement. WALTON KNIGHT, W. C. DRUMMOND. October 1. (ff.)
MILITARY CERTIFICATES.
FOR SALE, Certificates of this state, bearing interest of 6 per cent. and receivable at the Treasury, for all arrearages of taxes, prior to the year 1798. WILLIAM PRICE, Cashr. Genl. M. A. S. May 10. (f.)
FOR SALE,
A TRACT OF LAND, lying on Peankankank river, in Gloucester. It contains about 800 acres, not more than 100 of which are cleared, and the greatest part of the balance exceedingly well timbered. For particulars, apply to Richard H. Johnson, near New-Castle. Hanover, Sept. 27. 4tp
PICKLING VINEGAR.
GROCERS, Tavern-Keepers and Private Families may be supplied with VINEGAR of a very superior quality, by the barrel, gallon or less quantity and at an uncommonly low price by HART & SOUTHGATE. Opposite the State House. eptw&lawf. August 16.
NOTICE.
BY virtue of a deed of trust, executed to me by John Kelfo, to secure the payment of a debt due by him to John and William Bell, I shall, on the last Saturday in October next, at the house of the said John Kelfo, in the upper end of the county of Cumberland, proceed to sell so much of that valuable Farm, containing 560 acres of Land, on which he now lives, (subject to two prior deeds of trust) as will pay the sum due to the said John and William Bell, of about six hundred and fifty pounds, with some interest thereon, for the benefit of John Eppes. CREED TAYLOR, Trustee. Sept. 17. eptds
NOTICE.
A Petition will be presented to the General Assembly of Virginia, at the next session, praying that an act may pass to incorporate a company for the purpose of cutting a Canal on the south side of the Falls of James River, or otherwise improving the navigation of the river for the passage of Batteaux; and also for the establishment of a Bank in the town of Manchester. August 13. (eptul.)
FOR SALE,
A TWO STORY BRICK HOUSE, in the town of Lynchburg, at present occupied by col. John Watt, to which there is one half acre of land attached, the House is entirely new and well finished with a cellar under the whole House, which is divided in two rooms, one room and a passage below stairs and two above, the House is thirty feet in length and twenty feet wide. On the said lot is a good garden entirely new, a clover lot is also included, a smoke house, stable, and corn house with every convenience for the reception of a family. For terms apply to Mr. Wm. Brown, Lynchburg, or the subscriber. THOS. CREWS. Amherst, October 4. eptf
WEST-POINT is still For Sale.
THE subscriber is authorized to sell the said well known Tract of Land, either altogether, or in Lots of three hundred acres or upwards, to suit purchasers, on the following terms, to wit: one fourth of the purchase money to be paid down, the other three fourths in equal annual instalments, to carry interest from the time of sale, and to be secured by bond and mortgage on the land. It is deemed unnecessary to describe particularly a tract of land so remarkable for its fertility and the natural advantages of its situation. Any communication directed to the subscriber at Shirley, in the county of Charles City, by post, to Granville Mills, will be duly attended to. PATRICK HENDREN, Agent for Wm. Fitzhugh of Alexandria, & Charles Carter of Shirley. Sept. 23. oaw1m
GEORGE WILY, BROKER & COMMISSION MERCHANT,
Near the Basin, BUYS and sells all kinds of Produce—Also, Lands, Lots, and houses, Bank Stock, &c. He has for Sale, LOTS No. 141, 2, 3, and 4, which make one entire square in Du-Val's addition—There is a good Spring attached to them. These lots are well worth the attention of any gentleman wishing to build a summer retreat for his family. July 23. (f.)
THE subscriber is authorized to barter (or otherwise dispose of) a very valuable and productive property in the upper country, which is estimated, by the proprietor, to be worth between 30 and 40,000 dollars, but he will be perfectly willing that its cash value shall be adjudged by disinterested men. Virginia Bank stock will be taken in exchange, and a very liberal price allowed. The above mentioned property is situated in a healthy country, about 120 miles above this place, and within 10 miles of James river. THOMAS NORVELL. August 22. (tf.)
JOHN TOMPKINS,
HAS just received a fresh supply of OLD COGNAC BRANDY, a part of the same shipment of his former parcel. Also, a few bds. of ANTIGUA RUM, of good quality. He has on hand, a parcel of BEST FRENCH CAMBRICKS. The whole of which, he offers for sale very low for cash or on a liberal credit. August 16. (18N)
RUNAWAY NEGRO.
FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD, if taken within a fifty miles of Richmond, and one hundred Dollars if taken beyond it, will be given to apprehend a negro man named LEWIS, about thirty years of age, who left night runaway from the subscribers. He is very stout made, and about 5 feet 10, or 5 feet 11 inches high; has a masculine countenance—had on when he went away, a Ruffia Drill Drab Coat and Pantaloons; but has a variety of other clothing. He was formerly the property of Mr. Edward Hallam of Hanover Town, where perhaps he may be gone. All masters of vessels are forewarned from harbouring or carrying him away, under the penalty of the law. September 6. (tf.) GILLIAT & KIRBY.
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND, MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of Materials and Workmanship to any in general use. Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and new fashion, for sale. Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot. A—the length of the Boot. C—round the Calf. B—the pitch of ditto. D—round the heel and instep. E—round the instep. G—across the ball of the foot. F—the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. January 1. eptf
EDUCATION OF YOUNG LADIES, AT WILLIAMSBURG.
N. B. The course of instruction will re-commence, on the 1st October, and no pupils can be engaged after the 15th of that month. FEMALE Education, which, till lately, was too little attended to, appears now to have become an object universally interesting. In Europe it is not uncommon to confide one half of a young Lady's fortune to useful and ornamental accomplishments; and in our own country also, parents seem rapidly adopting the opinion, that a large portion of the funds they intend for their daughters, may wisely be appropriated to their Education. The idea perhaps is just. What husband does not feel that the intelligence and accomplishments of his wife are of more importance to his happiness and enjoyment, than the addition of a few hundred pounds to his estate? What parent is not sensible that his satisfaction and peace of mind depend directly on that amiable deportment and general good conduct of his daughters, which result from a good education? Nor are there all, nor even the greatest benefits that flow from this fertile source. She, whom the wife and affectionate guardians of her youth have rendered rich in intellectual acquisitions and the elegant arts of personal accomplishment, can never become poor. She possesses a resource of which no vicissitude of fortune can deprive her. She enjoys a patrimony which can neither be exhausted by time, nor diminished by accident; but which, after having proved a refuge from misfortune for the mother, commonly defends in rich inheritance to her children. Impressed with the truth and importance of these considerations, Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have devoted a large portion of their time and attention to the establishment of a School for the general improvement of young ladies. Having daughters of their own to educate, and viewing that object as the most serious business of their lives, they are personally interested in the arrangements they are making; and they judge from their own feelings, that they render an acceptable service to society, in forming a seminary where polite literature and the arts of personal improvement may be equally cultivated. They frankly own that they have sought less to produce an economical establishment than to render their institution conformant to the wishes of those who desire a good situation for their daughters and accomplishment of their daughters. They have accordingly engaged the assistance of the most eminent instructors in the several branches of female education, and made a liberal provision for every object which might conduce to the success of their undertaking. Their establishment will probably be most acceptable to those who have no disposition to make economy a principal consideration; but it is just to acknowledge, that on this subject they have hitherto experienced from parents the utmost liberality of sentiment. A regard for the interest and improvement of his native city, and a just attachment to its amiable and excellent society, together with a conviction of its being, for education in general, the most favourable situation of this and the neighbouring southern and western states, induce Mr. Anderson to the following observations. The advantages which Williamsburg at this time possesses with regard to youthful improvement, and the national enjoyments of social intercourse, unattended with the dissipation incident to large towns, give it a just claim to parental attention. Many individuals, particularly such who have a numerous family to educate, might find it interesting to make it their permanent or temporary residence. Several convenient dwellings may at present be obtained on moderate terms; and as far as re-creation to Mr. and Mrs. A's institution, all charges for tuition shall be made at half price for those young ladies whose parents are induced on their account to reside in town. To those who cannot thus become the immediate guardians of their children, Mr. and Mrs. A. offer (for a certain number of young ladies) a situation under their own roof, where it has been endeavoured to assemble every advantage which can render improvement easy, agreeable and certain. 13. The young ladies who have obtained permission of absence for a summer visit to their friends, are requested to be punctual in their return by the 1st October. September 19. (eptf.)