Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1808-02-26 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[XVTH YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1435.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum—Paid in Advance.]
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1808.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
SENATE of the UNITED STATES.
THURSDAY, Feb. 11.
DEBATE on the bill for the punishment of treason and of other crimes and offences against the United States.
The bill reported by Mr. Giles, for the punishment of treason and other offences against the United States, was according to the order of the day, considered as in committee of the whole. After having been read by sections from the chair, some verbal amendments were made to the first section. The words of this member of the bill are as follows:
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress Assembled, That if any persons owing allegiance to the United States of America, shall levy war against them, by assembling themselves together with intent forcibly to overturn or change the government of the United States, or any one of the territories thereof, or forcibly to dismember the said United States, or any one of them, or any one of the territories thereof, or forcibly to resist the general execution of any public law thereof, or forcibly to take possession of, or hold any fort, magazine, dock, navy yard, or any public vessel of the United States, or forcibly to invade or hold any part of the United States, or of the territories thereof, against the authority of the United States, or if any person or persons shall traitorously aid or assist in the doing any one of the acts aforesaid, although not personally present when any such act is done or committed, and being convicted of any one or more of the aforesaid acts, on confession in open court, or on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act of treason, whereof he or they shall stand indicted, such person or persons shall be judged guilty of treason against the United States, and shall suffer death.
These alterations having been agreed to, chiefly in the form of the bill, by the transposition of certain words.
Mr. Mitchell expressed his disagreement to the principle itself of the bill. He questioned whether congress had authority to act upon the subject. The powers of the legislature were on the crime of treason, limited by the constitution; and it deserved mature consideration whether on the present occasion we were not about to transgress the bounds within which we ought to move. By the 3d section of the 3d article of that great charter of our rights and privileges, it is declared that "treason against the U. States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on the confession in open court." Here is the definition of treason in the constitution, that great national instrument, which is the law paramount of the land, and by which Congress itself must be governed.
The convention of 1787, when devising a frame of government for a free people, well understood the commotions that frequently agitated societies of men claiming the right to speak and to act as they pleased. That sagacious body possessed perfect knowledge from history of the proscriptions and attainders which an overbearing majority were but too prone to pass upon those who differed from them in their preference of one man or measure to another, or who thwarted their views of interest or ambition, of resentment or power. They therefore provided a salutary check upon the will of the Congress itself; thereby guarding against that heat and violence which the collisions of party have been often observed to produce. Thus was a security enjoyed by the minority of the two Houses, and of their adherents and supporters throughout the nation against the exterminating spirit which the majority might feel, and in an evil hour, be tempted to exert.
Such was his understanding of the meaning of this part of the constitution. But the bill before you, Mr. President, has a bold and innovating aspect. It ventures into declarations of various actions which shall be deemed to constitute the levying of war . If this proceeding is correct, it will be in our power or in the power of a future congress, to declare that certain other actions, not specified in this bill, shall also be construed as criminal in the same atrocious degree. And a succeeding legislature may enlarge the catalogue, until constructive treasons shall be multiplied to a most alarming amount. The people of this free and happy country will be disarmed of the shield by which their sages and patriots who devised the present admirable frame of government, intended to protect them, even from legislative injury. And they will be exposed to all the multiplied evils, of treasons declared by the congress; and it may possibly happen in some future time, less auspicious than the present, that the majority of that body may be actuated by passions and stimulated by motives of a sanguinary tendency. We ought to take measures of precaution against such alarming
consequences. I feel a strong repugnance to the demolition of established landmarks. I have, said he, a great veneration for these monuments erected by our predecessors. And I fear the enactment of the present bill will be accompanied with the overthrow of the most valuable safeguards of the constitution.
He was willing to admit the great uncertainty with which the doctrine of treason was clouded. All our trials for that offence had demonstrated the unsettled condition of the law. But it was by no means certain that this was a sufficient reason for our congressional interference. He felicitated himself, and he congratulated the senate and his country, that arraignments for treason had hitherto been few and rare. There had not been time nor opportunities enough to elaborate the ultimate decisions of the law. The human mind did not acquire knowledge by intuition but by experience. The march of the understanding in the investigation of truth was slow. In cases of jurisprudence as well as in every other intellectual research, the advances towards truth were gradual. Case after case must be studiously considered, judgment after judgment must be rendered and revised, and consequence after consequence traced to their terminations. In such a course of proceeding, it might happen, according to the amount of business which occurred, that generation might follow generation, and age succeed to age, before the summa ratio , the high result of reason on the subject, could be attained. According to this method of perfecting the law by practice, many trials for treason would be necessary to make its exact meaning known. And for his own part, he was willing to postpone for centuries this painful mode of delineating the endless number of species and varieties that a legislature could in a day arrange under the generic term of treason.
But why was it necessary for Congress to expound the constitution? Were there not a department of the government, to which the interpretation of the statutes, enacted by the two houses, treaties concluded with foreign nations by the president, and senate, and the great national act of the convention as ratified by the several states was specially intrusted? He meant the body of the judiciary, consisting of men selected from the class of citizens, for the express purpose of declaring what law is. It seemed more orderly and regular to permit the judges to remove the existing obscurity in the law, by the exercise of their professional talents, than to alter by statute a course of investigation which conformed to the true theory of the constitution. It is certain that inconveniencies of a serious kind exist; but had we not better bear them than run the risk of rendering them worse by tampering? It would be lamentable indeed if the remedy we are about to apply should prove worse than the disease. It might perhaps be a fault in him that he regarded the courts of justice with a sort of habitual reverence. He owned that he might be mistaken in viewing the present invasion of their province with a sentiment that alarmed his solicitude while it awakened his sensibility. But so it was; he would not conceal his preference to the tried and settled method of deducing the rules and maxims of the law, through the constituted tribunals.
Mr. Mitchell said he would state another consideration which was very impressive on his mind. It was the power claimed and exercised by the judges to repeal or qualify statutes by declaring them unconstitutional. Suppose the bill on your table, Mr. President, should pass; and it should afterwards be considered by the judiciary as a statute which the constitution forbade congress to enact. Would not it be pronounced void, and all proceedings under it be discontinued or dismissed? This then is the dilemma to which we are reduced; if congress proceeds in the manner proposed by the bill to define treason, and their acts are binding upon the judges, then succeeding congresses may multiply the species of those offences to any number that may suit the purposes of an infuriated majority, & the courts be compelled to carry those acts into operation, however mischievous and ruinous; or, if statutes which in the opinion of the judges, militate against the spirit and letter of the constitution, are declared by them to be of no force or effect, we certainly legislate to no purpose. As to the power of deciding on the unconstitutionality of statutes, the courts had it was well known, exercised it in several instances. Many able statesmen had been induced to believe this was a sound and legitimate employment of their functions. And as the powers granted by the constitution were at present understood and exercised, he doubted whether, even if this bill should ripen into a statute, it would bear the test of judicial scrutiny.
These were imperfect sketches of some of the ideas which he entertained on this important subject. They were uttered in this incipient stage of the debate for the purpose of gaining further information.
No one could be insensible of the toil that had been expended by the committee, and more especially by his honorable and learned friend, the chairman, in preparing it. He wished for a full discussion of this great question; and he entertained no doubt it would be examined with a seriousness worthy so "high an argument."
For the purpose therefore of bringing the subject to a point, and of inviting the supporters of the bill to offer all the reasons they may think proper to urge in its support, Mr. M. concluded by making a motion to strike out the section.
Mr. Giles then rose and delivered a speech substantially as follows:
He said that on a subject of so much delicacy, difficulty and importance, as the one now under consideration, it was natural to expect that the committee who reported the bill, would be called upon to present to the Senate the reasons, which had induced them to introduce the principle, upon which that bill was predicated. That as he considered, each individual gentleman of that committee better qualified than himself to state the general motives operating on the committee, and certainly to state his own individual impressions upon the subject; Mr. G. would confine himself to stating some of the leading motives of his own conduct in introducing the principle reported in the bill.
Mr. G. begged to be indulged with a few preliminary observations; which although not directly in point upon the constitutional question presented for discussion, would ultimately be found to be, not without some bearing upon it.
Mr. G. proceeded to observe, that one great object of every government was the protection of the rights of individuals; and how ever diversified the forms of different governments may have been at different times they have all, at all times concurred at least in this one point; that one of the most effectual means of protecting rights is the punishment of wrongs. In the execution of this delicate power, so peculiarly interesting to the governed, different governments have been variously organised as to the manner of executing it. In governments founded on force, the power of punishing has generally been left solely to the will and pleasure of the Executive. In governments founded on consent, the modifications of this power have been various; according to the degree of confidence or jealousy entertained by the people towards their rulers. Modern jurists have extended their political speculations, very far in multiplying barriers for the protection of innocence against possible or presumed oppressions on the part of the government; and it is even now questionable whether they have not extended them so far as to have them practically converted into shields for the protection of guilt; an effect that never could have been intended by the most speculative philanthropists. Indeed it has been seen that in a nation celebrated for its political intelligence, as well as for its military powers, the visionary idea was once conceived, of placing the protection of all rights upon the sole basis of the perfectibility of man; but if this political vision was ever attempted to be reduced to practice, it was soon abandoned; because it was found not suited to the meridian of even that gallant nation, who had the credit of the invention. Hence I conclude that the power of punishing wrongs, is an essential ingredient in the formation of all governments; & that it ought not to be so limited and restrained, as to destroy its practical energy. The constitution of the United States displays much of this spirit of jealousy against its administrators, and the amendments to it still more, of course they imposed many limitations and restraints upon the government in the execution of the power of punishing. This may be accounted for by the circumstances which preceded and gave rise to the constitution, and its amendments. The American revolution was produced by the oppressions of a distant government; and in the formation of all the state constitutions which preceded that of the U. States the whole of which was founded upon the fair consent of the people, this natural effect was produced; that in the formation of their own governments, the people transferred a great portion of the jealousy they felt against the rulers of a distant government to the rulers they were about to establish for their immediate government at home. The constitution of the United States although formed some time after the revolution, yet exhibits a great portion of the spirit of jealousy produced by it—and the amendments, still more, probably from the passions called into action by the eloquent and animated discussions against the adoption of the constitution itself. The formation and adoption of the constitution of the United States are deemed to be amongst the most wonderful political events, ever presented to the contemplation of the human mind. Considering the cotemporaneous passions excited by the conflicting systems of policy observed by the different states in relation
to each other, the strong jealousy existing in relation to real or supposed differences of interest among the different states, and highly excited by animated discussions upon great national objects just preceding the calling the convention, the differences of habits, manners, and opinions amongst the people in different parts of the United States, &c. &c. &c. It is wonderful, that a constitution founded on a spirit of mutual concession should be formed so admirably calculated to combine and protect the interest of the whole; and at the same time so peculiarly adapted to the peculiar character, genius and temper of the American people.
In addition to these and many more difficulties the convention were without a model for imitation. They had to solve the new and difficult political problems, of extracting from pre-existing state governments, all powers of a general nature, and of leaving with them the exercise of all powers of a local nature; and these powers, thus selected, were to be so modified and adjusted as to suit the high and jealous temper of the American people. Notwithstanding all these difficulties, it will be found upon the most critical examination of the instrument, that whilst it contains sufficient energy completely to effect the object of its institution, it affords to innocence the most complete protection against the oppressions of government that ever has been devised by any political institution. To effect this great object, it was determined to distribute these general powers amongst three great departments, forming the government of the U. States. The Legislative, Executive and Judiciary Departments. Mr. G. said this adjustment had been made with such consummate wisdom and skill, that whenever it had been made his duty to examine the arrangement, his reflections had always resulted in new and increased admiration of the excellency of its provisions. The theory of three distinct departments in government is perhaps not critically correct; and although it is obvious that the framers of our constitution proceeded upon this theory in its formation; yet in the practical adjustment of the departments to each other it was found impossible to carry this theory completely into effect. In the nature of things there can be but two great departments in government; the legislative, whose duty it is to prescribe rules of conduct, or in other words to make laws for the government of the people: The executive, to carry those laws into effect. But as from the imperfection of language, the meaning of the laws is not definitively understood; the judiciary department is introduced to explain the meaning of the laws prescribed by the legislature, to aid the executive in carrying those laws into effect—Hence it is obvious, that the judiciary is a branch of the executive department, and accordingly, under the constitution, the President appoints all judicial officers, and except the judges, all other officers of the courts hold their offices during his pleasure.
Mr. G. observed it was not his intention or wish to legislate into the constitution one scintilla of power not intrinsically contained in the instrument itself; nor by a weak or timid exercise of the powers it does intrinsically contain to paralyse or destroy its energy, and thus to counteract the great objects of its institution—the common defence and general welfare. It will be observed, said Mr. G. that he did not use these terms as conferring on the government any power whatever; but merely as the ends for which the specified powers were conferred; nor did he propose to disturb the distribution of the powers amongst the several departments of the government. He had made these remarks to rescue the constitution from certain absurdities, which had been attributed to it, by the application of certain generic and technical phrases in the interpretation of it, instead of examining its own intrinsic organization. For instance, superficial observers take it for granted, that the three great departments of the government are co-ordinate and independent of each other. It is to be observed, that the words "co-ordinate, independent," are not to be found in any part of the constitution. They are borrowed from the technical phraseology of another country; and do not apply to the constitution of the U. S. at least not without great limitation. If by the word co-ordinate is meant that the judiciary department is equal in dignity, co-ordo , it is admitted. If it be meant in point of time, co-ordo , it is not the fact. The Legislative department pre-existed the judiciary department, for according to the constitution the establishment of the judiciary department was entrusted to the legislative department; and of course that department must necessarily pre-exist the department to be established by it; and the fact is well known to be so. With respect to the word "independent," as applicable to the judiciary, it is not correct, nor justified by the constitution. This term is borrowed from G. Britain, and by some incorrect apprehension of its meaning there or from some other cause, is applied here to the department itself, instead of the officers of the department. In G. Britain the phrase is an independent judge , not an independent judicial department . According to the English constitution such a phraseology would
be absolute nonsense. In this country, the terms have been used as synonymous, whereas there is the most palpable difference both in the form and effect of their meaning. An independent department of a government is conceived to be a department furnished with powers to organize itself, and to execute the peculiar functions assigned to it, without the aid, or in other words, independent of any other department. A moment's attention to the constitution will serve to shew that this is not the constitutional character of our judicial department. An independent judge may be defined to be a person who, in the exercise of judicial functions, is placed above temptation in the discharge of judicial duties, or in other words, a judge who will neither gain or lose any thing by deciding for or against the government, or for or against any individual or number of individuals; or a judge whose salary is fixed, and who does not hold his office at the pleasure of another person.
In England the king is the fountain of honor and justice, and formerly decided upon the meaning of the laws in his own person; afterwards, that branch of executive duties was confided to his commissioners who were appointed by him, held their appointments during his pleasure, and were dependent upon him for their compensation, until by the statute of 13 of William 3d, it was declared, that the judges should hold their offices during good behaviour; still however their offices were vacated upon the demise of the crown until the 1st of Anne when it was declared that the offices of the judges should not be vacated until six months after the demise of the crown; and finally by a statute of 1st of George 3d, these salaries of the judges were fixed, and it was declared that their offices should not be vacated upon the demise of the crown. This statute completely established, what in England is called the independence of the judges . But to infer from this, that the judicial department there is independent of the parliament, would be an absolute misapplication of terms; and incompatible with every principle of the British constitution. From these observations it is not to be inferred, that our constitution is precisely analogous to the British in all these respects; but to shew the meaning of the term "independent," in the country from which it was borrowed, and its misapplication to our constitution. It was his wish to discard these technical, generic terms, which rather embarrass than assist us in the correct interpretation of the constitution. It was his wish to examine the instrument, and to deduce our interpretation of it from its own context. For whatever degree of independence is attached either to the judicial department or the judges themselves according to the constitution, it was his wish should be fully enjoyed by the department or the judges without the smallest abatement; but the constitution, as it is, should be a standard of interpretation, not what it is described to be by general borrowed misapplied phrases.
With this general exposition of the constitution he would now proceed to examine the precise question under consideration. The question is, can congress declare by law, what acts amount to treason against the U. States under the constitution? He said that from the best reflections he had been able to bestow upon the subject, under a strong sense of the duty imposed upon him, he had no doubt but Congress can and ought to do so. And since his reflections had wondered that he ever had doubted the legislative right. The first clause in the constitution upon which this question arises is in the following words.
"Treason against the U. States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies giving them aid or comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court."
Mr. G. said that the only reason, which could be deduced from this clause, for excluding Congress from passing all laws, which might be deemed necessary and proper, for carrying into effect the power therein contained, was, that in the distribution of powers, this particular power was classified amongst the judicial powers. But it will be observed that it is not directed exclusively to the judiciary, nor legislative department, and it will also be observed, that some of the powers classified under the judicial department, are particularly directed to the legislative department. Hence it may be fairly concluded, that the mere classification of this power with the judicial powers, is not of itself sufficient, to exclude the necessary legislative power for carrying it into effect.
A reason however may be assigned, perhaps not satisfactory to all, for this classification of powers. It is derived from the last part of the clause, which seems to be a limitation to the judicial, as well as legislative department. This part of the clause requires two witnesses, at least, to the same overt act of treason, as indispensable to a conviction; whereas in other criminal cases, conviction may be had according to the ordinary rules of evidence in courts, upon the testimony of one witness. This limitation upon the ordinary rules of evidence in the courts, would of itself have justified the classification of this power according to the constitutional arrangement. Hence it appears irresistibly conclusive, that according to this particular clause of the constitution, the power of declaring what act shall amount to the treason of levying war, and of adhering to the enemies of the U. States is conferred on the government generally and not on any department exclusively.
(To be Continued.)

Congress.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MONDAY, February 15.
Mr D. R. Williams re-appeared and took his seat.
An engrossed bill making additional compensation to the marshals of the district of North-Carolina and N. Jersey, was read the third time and passed.
An engrossed bill making appropriations to carry into effect certain Indian treaties, was read the third time and passed.
On motion of Mr Chittenden the House went into committee of the whole, Mr Trigg in the chair, on the bill in addition to an act entitled "An act further to amend the judicial system of the U. States." Mr Trigg having introduced an amendment including an alteration in the times of session of the courts of the U. States for the district of South Carolina, Georgia and North Carolina. Some objection being made to this, from want of immediate information, as to the effects of the alterations, by Messrs. Marion, Blackledge and Taylor, the committee rose, Ayes, 55, and obtained leave to sit again. In the course of observations on the motion for rising, as a reason against it, Mr Pitkin stated that for two or three terms last past of the courts of the district of Connecticut and Vermont there had no judge attended to hold them, from a defect in the present arrangement.
On motion of Mr Boyle, the House went into committee of the whole, Mr Cuts in the chair, on the bill making provision for the disposal of such lands as have been heretofore reserved for the disposition of Congress. The bill being gone through without debate, the committee rose and reported it, and it was ordered to a third reading to-morrow.
Mr G. W. Campbell, from the committee of Ways and Means reported a bill making appropriations for the support of the military establishment of the U. States for the year 1808; and a bill to amend an act entitled "An act for laying and collecting duties on imports and tonnage within the territories ceded to the U. States by the treaty of the thirtieth of April, one thousand eight hundred and three, between the U. States and the French republic, and for other purposes," which were twice read and referred to a committee of the whole.
WEDNESDAY, February 17.
The Speaker laid before the House the resignation of Mr D. Thomas, a Representative from the state of New-York.
On motion of Mr Van Allen, a resolution was adopted that the Speaker address a letter to the Executive of the state of New York, notifying him of the above vacancy.
Mr Poindexter offered the following resolution, which was agreed to. He deemed it unnecessary to say any thing in favor of the object till reported, as this being a mere resolution to enquire.
Resolved, That a committee be appointed to enquire into the expediency of repealing so much of the ordinance for the government of the several territories of the United States, as empowers the governors of said territories to prorogue & dissolve the House of Representatives elected by the people, and that they have leave to report by bill or otherwise.—Agreed to.
The bill for the relief of Samuel Whiting was read the third time and passed by yeas and nays, 56 to 41.
[This bill provides for allowing Mr Whiting a certain sum for services rendered and expenses incurred in prosecuting a deputy post-master for embezzling certain letters containing bank notes belonging to Whiting. The objection to the bill proceeded from its being supposed to sanction the principle that the Post office department is liable for notes sent through the medium of the post-office.]
On motion of Mr Fisk the House went into committee of the whole on the bill for increasing the military peace establishment of the U. States, Mr Trigg in the chair.
Mr Chandler moved to strike out the section authorizing the President of the U. States on an emergency to increase the companies at present in service to one hundred men. Mr Dawson made a motion superceding this: that the committee should rise that the subject might be postponed. On this question an animated debate took place which occupied the House till the usual hour of adjournment, when the committee rose and obtained leave to sit again, Ayes 70.
Mr Holmes from the committee of claims, made a report favorable to the petition of Jared Shattuck; which was referred to a committee of the whole.
Mr J. Montgomery, from the committee to whom was committed the bill concerning courts martial and enquiry, reported it with amendments; which having been read, the House adjourned without referring it.
THURSDAY, February 18.
Mr J. Clay, a representative from Philadelphia, re-appeared and took his seat.
On motion of Mr Desha, Resolved, That the committee on Public Lands be directed to enquire into the expediency of opening a wagon road from the Ohio river opposite Port William at the mouth of Kentucky to intersect the road leading from Cincinnati to Fort Wayne, near or at Fort Recovery, and that they be authorised to report by bill or otherwise.
Mr D. also presented a resolution of the legislature of Kentucky requesting the representatives from that state in Congress to have a new road instituted on the above route, which was referred to the same committee.
On motion of Mr Dana, Resolved, That the committee of Commerce and Manufactures be instructed to enquire into the propriety of causing such buoys to be provided and placed as may be requisite for the security of navigation at or near the entrance of Connecticut river, and to report by bill or otherwise.
Mr Chandler offered the following resolution, which he did not wish to interfere with any bills now under consideration, and wished it to be referred to a committee to see what result they would produce:
Resolved, That a committee be appointed to take into consideration the expedi-
ency of raising by enlistment, and organizing a number of volunteer troops, not exceeding twenty four thousand men, for the service of the U. States, and that they report by bill or otherwise.
Agreed to, Ayes 71. On motion of Mr. Dawson, the House went into a committee of the whole, Mr. PITKIN in the chair, on the bill authorising the raising an additional army.
The blanks in the bill were so filled as to provide as follows:
That there be raised nine regiments of infantry of 1000 men each, one regiment of artillery of 1200 men, two regiments of cavalry of 600 men each, two regiments of riflemen of 600 each, for three years unless sooner discharged; to be commanded by two major-generals, four brigadier-generals, one inspector general, and two assistant-inspectors.
After the bill was gone through the committee rose, 47 to 46, reported progress and asked leave to sit again.
Mr Van Dyke offered the following resolution which the House agreed to consider, Ayes 55.
Resolved, That the President of the United States be requested to communicate to his House such information touching our foreign relations as he may deem consistent with the public interest, the better to enable this House to judge how far the military establishment of the U. S. ought to be increased.
This motion was supported by Messrs. Van Dyke, Elliot, Lyon, Cook and Quincy, and opposed by Messrs. Dawson, Van Horne and Bacon. When the House adjourned without taking a question, 53 to 52.
[A brief sketch of proceedings on this day will be given in succession to the proceedings of yesterday.]
FRIDAY, February 19.
A message was received from the president of the U. S. as follows:
"To the senate and house of representatives of the U. States."
"The states of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, having by their several acts, consented that the public road from Cumberland to the state of Ohio, authorised by the act of congress of March 29, 1806, should pass thro' those states, and the report of the commissioners communicated to congress with my message of January 31, 1807, having been duly considered, I have approved of the route therein proposed for the said road as far as Brownsville, with a single deviation since located, which carries it through Union town."
"From thence the course to the Ohio, and the points within the legal limits at which it shall strike that river, is still to be decided. In forming this decision, I shall pay material regard to the interests and wishes of the populous parts of the state of Ohio, and to a future and convenient connection with the road which is to lead from the indian boundary near Cincinnati by Vicksburg to the Mississippi at St. Louis, under authority of the act of April, 1806. In this way we may accomplish a continued and advantageous line of communication from the seat of the general government to St. Louis, passing thro' several very interesting points of the western country."
"I have thought it advisable also to secure from obliteration, the trace of the road so far as it has been approved, which has been executed by such considerable expense, by opening one half of its breadth thro' its whole length."
"The report of the commissioners, herewith transmitted, will give particular information of their proceedings under the act of March 29, 1806, since the date of my message of Jan. 31, 1807; and will enable congress to adopt such further measures relative thereto as they may deem proper under existing circumstances."
THE JEFFERSON. The message and report were referred to a select committee of five members.
THE EMBARGO.
The house went into a committee of the whole on the "bill in addition to the act entitled an act supplementary to the act entitled an act laying an embargo on all ships and vessels in the ports and harbors of the United States."
Mr Goldsborough moved to strike out the second section, on the ground that its penalties were too severe. This motion was lost.
Mr Newton offered an amendment to the second section, giving them a discretionary power to dispense with the bond when there was no urgent necessity for it. Agreed to.
Sundry other amendments were made to the bill; when the committee rose and reported it as amended.
Mr Eppes, after mentioning the death of John Dickenson, esq. and passing a high eulogium on his character and services, offered a resolution, which was agreed to unanimously declaring that the members of the house would wear crape on the left arm for one month, in testimony of their respect for the memory of that illustrious character.
And then the house adjourned.
NEW YORK, February 15.
"How steep the brave who sink to rest." To hand to posterity the memory of martyrs sacrificed to oppression and tyranny, is incumbent upon those who have survived and enjoyed the benefits produced by the exertions of those who gloriously bled, suffered and died in the service of their country, and in the glorious cause of liberty. There are yet many living witnesses of the cruelty and barbarity exercised upon the unfortunate victims whose bones have, for many years, mouldered upon the shores of Long Island. With a laudable and patriotic zeal, the Tammany Society or Columbian Order, have resolved to erect a monument over the bones which have been gathered commemorative of the scenes which occurred on board the Jersey prison ship at the Wallabout. Their circular will be read with attention as the execution of the projects should concern every individual whose heart recoils from cruelty, and who feels a generous glow of sensibility for the sufferings experienced by those patriots who assisted in the achievement of independence.
[CIRCULAR.]
NEW YORK, Feb. 11, 1808. The committee appointed by the Tam-
many Society, or Columbian Order, of the city of New York, to make arrangements respecting the interment of the relicts of American seamen, soldiers and citizens who perished on board the JERSEY PRISON SHIP during the revolutionary war, now lying on the shores of the Wallabout, (Long Island) beg leave to submit the subject of their appointment to the consideration of the surviving relatives and friends of those unfortunate persons in every part of the U. States, and of their enlightened and patriotic fellow citizens at large.
Various attempts have been made to accomplish this important and interesting object. But individual exertions have hitherto proved incompetent; and the public sensibility, too much occupied by other considerations, has not as yet been sufficiently excited by the appeals that have been made to it.
This indifference, so prevalent to the memory of those our country's brave defenders, who fell victims to the unrelenting cruelty of their enemies, while it must fill every ingenious mind with regret, is calculated to fix upon the American nation a charge, which, while they abhor, they at once provoke and justify by their conduct.
Perhaps, in the history of nations, there is no trait of human nature more strongly and clearly delineated, than the impassioned and devout regard which is entertained and exhibited for the survivor of glorious and warlike enterprizes, towards the memory of their companions in arms, who being engaged in the same conflicts, sharing the same dangers, animated by the same love of country achieving the same victory, or sustaining the same defeat with themselves, have found an honorable grave. In some countries their bodies have been embalmed; in other monuments have been erected in commemoration of their heroic constancy and valor, and their contempt of death: And in all, the memory of their deeds has been perpetuated, their names have been enrolled in the faithful volume of history, and handed down to posterity, and they still live in their virtuous examples, and the immortality of their fame.
Shall America furnish an exception to a custom so firmly established, so rational, so meritorious? Shall it be said—Americans have already forgotten their slaughtered countrymen; that, as they behold the earth still strewed with their bones, they can pass calmly and indifferently by, and refuse them the "tribute of a sigh," and the common rites of interment; and that, in the full enjoyment of independence, they can shew the most unfeeling neglect to the toil, the treasure, and the blood of which it is the purchase.
The society by which this committee is appointed are encouraged to think that such will not be the case. But that their exertions to rescue from oblivion, and place on an imperishable basis, the memory of a large portion of those who perished in the revolutionary contest, will meet with suitable countenance and support.
They have long indulged the hope, that others to whom the task with equal if not greater propriety belonged would undertake its execution. They have been anxious to avoid the appearance of an ostentatious display before the public, and would cheerfully have lent their humble aid to any measures which the general or their state government might have adopted on the occasion. Being disappointed in their wishes, and considering that the first and greatest object of their constitution is the promotion of the interests, the welfare and the honor of their country, they have at length resolved to originate measures on this subject.
They have accordingly appointed this committee and invested them with powers to form a plan for the interment of that portion of the remains of their countrymen now lying on the shores of Long Island. The committee have procured from JOHN JACKSON, Esq. on whose farm they were deposited, and where they now lie, a deed of a piece of ground, conspicuously and advantageously situated, being the head of the Navy Yard, and which will not be affected by any regulations that may hereafter take place. He has already planted some trees of an appropriate description on the spot selected, and has given the society permission to inter the bones in such manner and with such solemnities as they may think proper.
It is considered by the society that no further delay ought to take place. They have accordingly sanctioned the plan reported to them, which it is intended shall be carried into effect as soon as the season will admit.
In the mean time, the relatives and friends of those unfortunate persons, and also our fellow citizens at large, are requested to forward immediately, either to BENJAMIN ROMAINE, Esq. Grand Sachem of Tammany Society, JOHN JACKSON, Esq. or the chairman of this committee, by mail or other safe conveyance, such information as may be in their possession, or knowledge of the names, places of birth, age, rank and families of those persons; together with such circumstances respecting each as may be interesting, particularly such as relate to their situation and sufferings on board the said ship. This information is indispensably necessary, as it is contemplated to erect a monument, emblematical in its design and execution, and descriptive of the events about to be commemorated. It is also important in an historical point of view, and will be useful to the present generation and to posterity.
A procession will take place composed of different societies, public bodies and the citizens at large, and military honors will be paid on the occasion. An eulogium will be delivered on the assemblage by a suitable character, due notice of which will be given to the public.
As it is desirable that the monument contemplated to be erected, should exhibit a finished specimen of American taste and patriotism, and will consequently be expensive in its materials and workmanship, such persons as may be desirous, of having the names of their relatives or friends who are intended to be commemorated, engraven upon it, and those who may have it in their power, and feel desirous to promote this undertaking, are requested to forward their contributions to either of the three persons
* The number of American prisoners who perished on board the Jersey Prison Ship is supposed to be 11,500.
before mentioned, or to authorise some person in the city of New York, to subscribe for the purpose in their behalf. The amount of this expense is estimated need not exceed ten thousand dollars.
The committee entertain a confidence that this invitation will meet with the approbation and compliance of every friend to the cause in which many fell a sacrifice, and many who still survive, suffered and bled.
By order of the committee, JACOB VAN DEVOORT, Chairman.
ROBERT TOWNSEND, Sec'y. N. B. It is requested that the letters of information may be forwarded without delay, post paid.
PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 13.
Extract of a letter to the Editor, dated Lancaster, February 11.
"The following resolution was yesterday adopted by the senate and house of representatives:
"Resolved, By the senate and house of representatives of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania in general assembly met, that the senators representing this state in the congress aforesaid, be hereby requested to endeavor to have the constitution of the United States so amended, as that the judges of the courts thereof shall hold their office for a term of years: That they shall be removed by the President of the U. States, on the address of the majority of the members present of the senate and house of representatives of the United States in congress assembled, and that on all trials for impeachment for high crimes and misdemeanors, a majority of the senate shall be competent to conviction."
"After the first reading of this resolution in the house of representatives, a motion was made to proceed to the second reading, and on consideration thereof this brought on a warm discussion, a variety of motions were made by the members opposed to the resolution to put it out of view for the present, none of them carried, and it was determined by 41 against 37, to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. This decision was followed by motions to postpone to a day certain—to postpone for the purpose of introducing a substitute—to postpone to amend, &c. After the question had assumed every shape, and received every coloring which legal or legislative subtlety could give it, the resolution was finally adopted, 41 yeas, 37 nays."
February 19.
Capt. Dickens, who arrived at New-York on Tuesday, in 23 days from Barbadoes, informs, that at the time of his sailing, there were afloat in the harbor, 9000 barrels of flour, besides other provisions and live stock—flour was 12 dollars. The embargo had been laid as a precautionary measure.
He further informs, that the blockade of Martinique commenced on the 20th of Jan. and was enforced by our frigates.
Capt. Sawdry from Martinique, informs that on a confirmation of the news of the embargo in the United States, FLOUR rose from eleven to eighteen Dollars!
THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF.
In the present interesting situation of our country, in respect to its foreign relations, and its internal organization, it is a matter of indispensable public importance, that those who are in authority should possess the confidence of their fellow citizens. Divided as we are, into political and opposing parties, it is scarcely to be expected, that any citizen, in a high and responsible station, should enjoy the good opinion of both parties; but it is surely not hoping unreasonable or requiring too much, that such an officer should at least, possess the confidence of one party. Those considerations become deeply important, which on the probable eve of a war, they are in their application directed toward the commander in chief.
It seems not a little remarkable, that a man, who, according to his own public acknowledged admission, has been "the Victim of Suspicion for thirteen years," should consent himself to remain in that situation, and should never have embraced a favorable occasion to exhibit to the public, competent proofs of his innocence, if such proofs were in his possession. It is not less to be wondered at, that when accused, he has sought shelter in the accusation of others, and appeared to think that the best and shortest way to demonstrate his own purity of character, was to endeavor to blacken that of his accusers.
There are some facts respecting this celebrated character, which I should be glad to hear satisfactorily explained, and shall therefore state them, as concisely as possible.
During the last year of the administration of General Washington, a bill was offered for his signature, the object of which was to reduce the army, and to retain Wilkinson in command. The President refused to sign it, and stated his reasons, which are to be found on the journals of Congress. They appeared to be of such a nature, as excited very general surprise and induced a belief, that General Washington had some other, and more substantial objections to the bill, which he did not chuse to avow. When it was returned to Congress, an attempt was made to pass it by two-thirds, which failed. A bill was then passed, which, as far as possible, obviated the objections avowed by the President, but either from neglect or design, it was not enrolled and offered for his signature, until almost midnight, when he was actually going to bed, and not more than an hour before his term of office expired. Upon this occasion, he exhibited much more warmth than he was accustomed to display, and exclaimed, that if he was not about to become a private citizen in the course of an hour, and consequently felt desirous to part with the legislature in peace, he never would put his hand to such a bill. His signature, however, was thus obtained, and Wilkinson continued in his command.
This occurrence took place when "WASHINGTON'S SUSPICIONS WERE WIDE AWAKE," and when the British and Spanish treaties, which were about to strike the death blow to the western conspiracy, caused Wilkinson to exclaim, in that letter of his, which has lately been revealed to light, "What an awful crisis is this!"
I should also like to hear it satisfactorily
accounted for, if he be, indeed, so trustworthy a character, why he was balanced so nicely in a full Senate, that his nomination as governor of Louisiana, was carried in full Senate, under the present administration, only by a single vote.
It would further gratify me, to know, whether the information which the general says, he received from lieutenant Spencer, of the design of Burr's party, to assassinate him on the Sabine, if he should get engaged with the Spaniards, proceeded, or was subsequent to the period, when the general thought it wise, patriotic, honorable, and expedient, to turn state's evidence.
I should particularly wish to be informed, why he should swear, on the H. ly Evangelists of Almighty God, that he had sent the President as fair an interpretation of Burr's cyphered letter * as could be made out, when the true translation differs in so many all-important points, and when it was indispensable to translate the whole letter before it could be ascertained what words it would be prudent and proper for him to omit, and of course could have taken but a few additional moments to insert those words after they were known.
The reason given of its being prudent to omit them in a translation to be exhibited to the Orleans legislature, where the general had many enemies, although it might operate, as a palliation of perjury, in that case, could scarcely be thought to have any weight as a justification for sending to the chief magistrate of the U. States a translation materially different from the true one. It is not a little remarkable, that many of the words omitted have a particular bearing upon the character of general Wilkinson as connected with Aaron Burr.
It is said, and I believe if necessary, can be proven, that the general swore before the grand jury at Richmond, that Burr's cyphered letter had never been out of his possession until put into their hands. How does this comport with his oath before the petty jury where he swore that he HAD put it out of his hands into those of his friend Duncan, who kindly undertook the translation, and had influence enough with the general to persuade him to swear to it, although varying from the truth.
But above all, I should like to know the reason, why Mr. Hay and Mr. Wiril—two of the counsel for the U. States at Richmond
* The following is an exact copy of Burr's cyphered letter to Wilkinson, as it was deciphered by the grand jury who found the bills of indictment against Aaron Burr. A comparison of it with the copy, to the correctness of which Wilkinson made oath, and forwarded to the President of the U. States, detects a number of omissions, some of which do not appear important, and others go far to shew that Wilkinson, if not actually engaged in the whole extent of Burr's views, did believe that the cyphered letter, when fully deciphered, would induce and justify a suspicion of his treason and treachery. The words printed in italics are those which Wilkinson left out in the copy sent to the President.
"REAL NO—
"Your letter post marked 13th May, is received. I have at length obtained friends, and have actually commenced. The Eastern detachment from different points, and under different pretence, will rendezvous on Ohio on 1 November.
"Every thing internal and external favor our views.—Naval Protection of England is secured. Truxul is going to Jamaica to arrange with the Admiral there & will meet us at the Mississippi. England & Navy of United States ready to join, and final orders are given to my friends and followers. It will be a host of choice spirits. Wilkinson shall be second to Burr only, and Wilkinson shall dictate the rank and promotion of his officers.
"Burr will proceed westward first August, never to return. With him go his daughter & grandson. The husband will follow in October with a corps of worthies. Send forthwith an intelligent and confidential friend with whom Burr may confer. He shall return immediately with further details. This is essential to concert a harmony of movement. Send a list of all persons known to Wilkinson westward of the mountains could be useful, with a note delineating their character.
"By your messenger send me 4 or 5 of the commissions of your officers, which you can borrow under any pretence you please. They shall be returned faithfully. Already an order to the contractor to forward six months provisions to points you may name.
"This shall not be used till the last moment, and then under proper injunctions.
"Our project, my dear friend, is brought to the point so long desired. I guarantee the result with my life and honor, with the lives, the honor and the fortune of hundreds the best blood of our country.
"Burr's plan of operation is to move down rapidly from the falls on fifteenth November with the first 500 or 1000 men in light boats, now constructing for that purpose, to be at Natchez between the 5th of December; there to meet you, there to determine whether it will be expedient in the first instance to seize, or to pass by B. R. On receipt of this send me an answer. Draw on me for all expenses.
"The people of the country to which we are going are prepared to receive us. Their agents, now with me, say, that if we will protect their religion, and will not subject them to a foreign power, that in three weeks all will be settled.
"The Gods invite us to glory and fortune. It remains to be seen whether we deserve the boons. The bearer of this goes express to you; he will hand a formal letter of introduction from me.
"He is a man of inviolable honor & perfect discretion, formed to execute rather than to project, yet capable of relating facts with fidelity, and incapable of relating them otherwise.
"He is thoroughly informed of the plans and instructions of — and will disclose to you as far as you will inquire, and no farther. He has imbibed a reverence for your character, and may be embarrassed in your presence; put him at ease and he will satisfy you.
22 July.
"Doctor, "Dr. Bollman equally confidential, better informed on the subject, and more enlightened, will hand this duplc. tc."

two gentlemen of unblemished honor and distinguished talents—two gentlemen whose opinion of Wilkinson cannot be resolved into hostility to the present administration, for they are well known to be firm friends of the administration—I should be gratified to learn, why, they, who had the best means of information, are convinced of the general perfidy! The first gentleman, Mr. Hay, had gone so far, at the commencement of Burr's trial, as to pledge himself to defend Wilkinson; as he has since declared, and the avowal has been made to too many to admit of Wilkinson's contradicting it, that he is entirely convinced of Wilkinson's guilt! Mr. Hay and Mr. Wirt, I trust, will pardon the introduction of their names on this occasion; but when the public good, and the unmasking a traitor, is concerned, the delicacy which should conceal such things (which, although I have it second hand, I know to be true) is, in my opinion, highly criminal.
A REPUBLICAN.
NAPOLEON, by the Grace of God, and by the Constitution, emperor of the French King of Italy and protector of the confederation of the Rhine.
Considering the dispositions decreed by the British government, dated the 14th November last past, which subject the vessels of friendly neutral nations, and also the allies of England not only to the visit of English cruisers, but even to a particular station in England, and to an arbitrary imposition of a cent per centum on their cargoes to be established by the English Legislature:
Considering that by this act, the English government has deprived of their distinctive national quality (nazionalizzato) the vessels of all the nations of Europe; that it is not in the power of any government to suffer an infringement of its independence and rights—all the sovereigns of Europe being conjointly guarantors to their sovereignty and independence of their flags; that if by an inexcusable weakness, which would be an indecency in the eyes of posterity, such tyranny were permitted to become a principal and consecrated by use, the English would from thence deduce a claim to establish it into a right, as they have already profited by the toleration of governments, to establish the infamous principle, that the flag does not cover merchandise, and to give to their right of blockade an extension arbitrary and derogatory to the sovereignty of every state; We have decreed and do decree as follows:
ARTICLE 1. Every vessel, to whatsoever nation it may belong, which shall have suffered the visit of an English vessel, or shall have submitted to a voyage to England, or shall have paid any duty whatever to the English government, is for that reason alone declared to be deprived of her distinctive national quality, has lost the guarantee of her flag, and has become English property.
2. The above mentioned vessels thus deprived of their national distinction by the arbitrary measures of the English government, are declared to be good and lawful prizes, as well in case they enter our port, or those of our allies as also on our case they fall in the power of our vessels of war or privateers.
3. The British islands are declared to be in a state of blockade as well by sea as by land. Every vessel of whatsoever nation or whatsoever her cargo, coming from the ports of England or from English colonies, is a good prize, as contravening the present decree. They shall be captured by our vessels of war, or by our privateers and shall be adjudged to the captors.
4th. These measures, which are but a just reciprocity for the barbarous system adopted by the English government, which assimilates its legislation to that of Algiers, shall cease to have their effect with respect to all those nations, which may succeed in compelling the British government to respect their flag. They shall continue to be in force during all such time as this government shall fail to return to the principles of the right of war, which govern the relations of civilized nations in a state of war.
The dispositions of the present decree shall be abrogated, and null in fact, so soon as the English government shall have returned to those principles of the law of nations which are equally the principles of justice and honor.
5th. All the ministers are charged with the execution of the present decree, which shall be published, and inserted in the bulletin of the laws.
Given from our royal palace of Milan, the 17th day of Dec. 1807.
NAPOLEON. By the Emperor and King, The minister Secretary of State, A. ALDIN.
RUN AWAY from the Subscriber on Friday last, a Negro Man named JOHN, a carpenter by trade. He is six feet and upwards high, very likely, of insinuating manners, extremely polite when spoken to. For three years past he lived with Mr. Anderson Barrett. He has a free mulatto woman for his wife, in Richmond, living near the work house, where I expect he will stay. He took with him several articles of husbandry; amongst them, a pair of iron wedges, marked with the letter P. I will give a reward of ten dollars, if delivered to me in the lower end of Hanover, or eight if confined in jail, and I apprised of it. He is called by the negroes John Russell.
ARMISTEAD RUSSELL. Hanover, January 24, 1808.
Sales at Auction.
WILL positively be sold without reserve, for cash, on the premises, on Wednesday the 29th day of March next, a BRICK HOUSE and LOT, lying on the main street, leading through Adams's Valley, the property of Mr. O. Blackwood, containing 116 feet in front and running back 147 feet.
PROSSER & MONCURE Auctions. Richmond, Feb. 24, 1808.
BLANK BONDS For Sale at this Office.
Virginia Argus.
RICHMOND: FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1808.
LITERARY INFORMATION.
WE take the liberty of recommending to our readers a pamphlet entitled "Oil without Vinegar, and Dignity without Pride, or British, American, and West India interests considered," as containing a variety of useful information with respect to the present controversy between Great Britain and the United States. Though published in London, it appears to be written with candor and impartiality, and demonstrates plainly the absurdity of the conduct of the British Government in their attempts to regulate or rather to destroy the trade of neutrals, and their want of knowledge of, or attention to, their own interests, in provoking a contest with America, at this time, and for the joints now in dispute. It also presents an estimate of the comparative inconveniences which would result to both countries from a war; and shews that, altho' both would suffer severely, America would be injured least; that her losses would be temporary, and might be recovered; but that the detriment to Great Britain would be permanent and irreparable. These truths are placed in such a clear point of view, that they cannot be denied or doubted; and it seems truly astonishing that the rulers of that infatuated nation should not be sensible of them.
This pamphlet is written very much in the easy and natural, but forcible style of Thomas Paine, intermingled occasionally with a portion of humor which is better calculated to make the desired impression than dry argumentation, however logical, would be without it. As a specimen of the author's manner, and as containing a statement, under feigned names, of most interesting and distressing facts arising from the arbitrary and inconsistent orders of his majesty in council, we shall present the readers of the Argus with some extracts from the work in our next.
FROM RELF'S GAZETTE.
We have been favored with the perusal of several letters from members of congress at the City of Washington, received by yesterday's mail. Although the writers (of the same political denomination) do not agree in the particulars which they state, relative to the precise situation of our foreign relations, they express a complete coincidence as to the general aspect of our international prospects. Some difficulty, merely in matters of national etiquette, appear to have occurred in the discussions with Mr. Rose. These cannot be surmounted until advice is received from Europe. But such is the posture of our concerns, both with England and France, that an adjournment of congress, for the present, is deemed compatible with the public interest.
It will be observed, that Mr. Dawson has moved this subject in the house of representatives. Mr. Dawson is believed to be fully in the confidence of the government; and it is said, mentioned the subject of adjourning congress to the president, who, it is added, approved of the measure, but intended, previous to their rising, to make an important communication. This would have been done on Tuesday last, but it is supposed Mr. Madison's indisposition occasioned the delay. As this gentleman had so far recovered on Wednesday, as to attend to business, the next mail will probably furnish us with the expected communication.
Mr. Erskine, the British minister, left Washington on Sunday last, on his way to this city. It is understood, that Mr. Rose and suite would follow him in the course of a day or two.
The Military Court of Inquiry has, we understand, during the last week, had several meetings, at which several witnesses, advised by General Wilkinson, have been examined.—Nat. Intelligence.
THE NEGOTIATION.
We hear, and we believe the information correct that a suspension of the negotiation between our government and that of Great Britain, took place on Thursday. It is said that our government requires Mr. Rose to specify the reparation his government is willing to make for the attack on the Chesapeake—while Mr. Rose has required that our government should previously rescind the proclamation issued on that occasion. It is presumed, however, that the present aspect of affairs in Europe will induce one of the parties to yield. We sincerely hope that an amicable termination may take place, and it is our opinion that such will be the final issue.
Wash. Fed. of Saturday last.
DIED, after a few days illness, at Wilmington, (Del.) on Sunday morning the 14th inst. JOHN DICKINSON, Esq.—a character venerable for his years, admired for his talents, respected for his virtues, and highly esteemed for his services to his country, in the most arduous and difficult times of the revolution.
In early life Mr. Dickinson embarked in the cause of the people—in the colonial assembly of Pennsylvania he was always the able champion of their rights against certain rude infringements attempted to be made by the proprietaries of that province; but when the mother country "would have taxed the people of this without their consent," then were his shining talents and vigorous exertions applied to expose the effects of the system laid down by the British ministry for tyrannizing over the people of these colonies. Over the signature of "A Pennsylvania Farmer," a name never to be forgotten, as well as in many other political tracts he repelled the sophistry of the British advocates, and condensed the sentiments of his fellow-citizens on the great national subject then agitated. So much was this work admired and so generally it was read, that the friends of liberty met in various towns and voted their thanks to an anonymous writer for the success with which he had advocated their cause. At a numerous meeting held in the town of Boston, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Joseph Warren, and others were appointed a committee to adopt an address to the Pennsylvania Farmer—which task they performed in the most elegant manner.
During the revolution Mr. Dickinson held many most important situations in the civil department—among them was the office of chief judge of Pennsylvania, and afterwards governor, at different times, both of Pennsylvania, and the three lower counties of Delaware," now forming the state of that name. When the independence of the U. States was acknowledged, and the people, for the better preservation of that liberty they obtained at so great an expence of blood and treasure, called a convention, and formed a Federal Constitution, Mr. D. again exhibited the strength of his talents in support of its provisions. Over the signature of "FABRUS" he successfully defended the constitution from the attacks of its enemies, and from the closeness of reasoning and perspicuity of stile carried conviction into the minds of most unprejudiced men. His last work was written over the same signature, "on the situation of our affairs" in '97.
John Dickinson was a republican in his manners and his sentiments—in public life the powerful advocate of his fellow-citizens, and, in a private station, the friend of the poor. Possessed of a princely fortune, he distributed vast sums to works of charity and literature.—An appeal was never made to his heart in vain, he gave as if his left hand knew not what his right hand did. He treated all men with great suavity of manners; and knew no distinction in society but virtue. But as we calculate upon receiving a biographical sketch of this great man from an able hand, well acquainted with the actions of his life, we defer for the present, any further remarks on the event which, tho' expected, we cannot cease to deplore. Mr. D. must have been about 75 years of age.
The noted & much admired ENGLISH HORSE Jack Andrews; REPORTED by W. Lightfoot, Esq. of Charles City county, and now his property, full 15 and a 1-2 hands high, a blood bay, finely formed, in high health, vigor and spirit, the most active and best bottomed horse ever imported into this country, now rising 14 years old.
Will stand the ensuing season at Temple Hill, on Mechan's river, in Albemarle county, ten miles above Charlottesville, within 1 mile of German's mill and 2 miles of the brick tavern, and will be let to mares at five guineas the season, which may be discharged by the payment of 20 dollars if paid by the 10th day of August. Gentleman's notes will be required with their mares for 5 guineas discharged as above; 3 guineas the leap, and 40 dollars to insure a mare to be with foal, and one dollar with each mare to the groom; the leap and groom money to be paid when the mare is covered. Provided the mare is charged the owner shall be liable. The season will commence the first day of March and end the first day of August. Extensive low and high ground pasturage, well enclosed, in three separate fields, grass. Servants will be boarded at $2 per week, and grain will be furnished at the market price and given in manner and quantity agreeably to direction, and all possible care taken to prevent accidents and escapes but will not be liable for any that may happen.
JAMES KINSOLVING, For William Lightfoot.
This celebrated horse's performances in England, has not been inferior to any horse there, except his brother Dick Andrews, who is considered now the best horse in that country, giving 7 pounds.—Jack Andrews won twice in 1797, then Mr. Lord's property—See Racing Calendar for that year.
A Worcester, July 5th.—A maiden plate of £50 for 3 years old. 6 mares, 4 mile heats, was won by Jack Andrews, at 3 heats, beating Mr. Darling ton's ch Miss Edwin, 4 years old; Mr. Atkin son's ch m Priscilla, aged; Sir W. W. Wynn's or h Swm. Botcherem, 5 years old; Mr. Hardin's or h Caroline, 4 years old.
Stafford, October 7th.—The town purse of £50 4 mile heats, was won by Jack Andrews, 3 years old, at 3 heats, beating Mr. Betterson's Little Pickle, 4 years old; Mr. Barlow's Rodrick, 4 years old; Mr. Denham's Nonest Tom, 6 years old; Sir W. W. Wynn's b h True blue, 5 years old.
In 1798, at Nantwich, Thursday, July 8th—£50 for 3 and 4 years old, he won, beating Mr. Bayley's ch Canna, 4 years old; Stamford's b f Scutella, 3 years old.
Denby, August 15th.—He won £50, free for any horse, beating Lilly of the Valley, Falconer and True Blue. In 1799, he won twice, to wit: At Ludlow, on Friday, the 4th of July, 4 mile heats, free for all ages, beating Lord Oxford's ch Dart at 3 heats.
At Worcester, August 8th.—He won the city and county subscription of £50, 4 mile heats, at 3 heats, beating Mr. Arden's filly Duchess, 4 years old; Mr. Coventry's b h Integrity, late Partner; Mr. Snell's ch g Hocks, 5 years old—after the first heat to 1 on her; after the second heat 4 to one on Jack Andrews.
In 1800 he won 6 times, to wit: At Lewes, then the property of Major Rooke, August 12th he beat Lord Sackville's b h Laboring, 4 mile heats for 20 guineas—At Oxford, the town purse of £50, in August, was won by Jack Andrews, at 4 heats, beating Sir E. Poole's ch m Duchess of Lamb, 5 years old; Lord Doneghan's b h Wrangle distanced the 4th heat—September, at Warwick, he won the town purse of £50, 4 mile heats, beating Mr. Thorne's b h Marquis, Mr. Brooke's b h Sheshire, Mr. Edwards' b m Duchess.
At Abington, Tuesday, September 16th, the members' purse of £50, for all ages, 4 mile heats was won by Jack Andrews, at 3 heats, beating Sir E. Poole's b m Miscreant, 5 years old, Mr. Wheley's ch h Expectation, 5 years old; Mr. Cupid—six to four on Miscreant.
In 1801, Jack Andrews at New Market, April 20th, received forfeit from Mr. Hetherstone's Symmetry, 8 stone, 5 lb, 200 guineas, half forfeit.
Bebury, June 16th.—The Bebury stakes, a handicap of 100 guineas each, half forfeit, 4 mile, was won by Jack Andrews, aged, beating Lord Sackville's b h Expectation, 5 years old, Sir H. T. Vane's Cook-fighter, 5 years old, Mr. R. Hetherstone's Hispaniola, aged, his royal highness the Prince of Wales's b h Dick Andrews, Mr. Heathcote's Ponjany and Cox's F. F. F.
June 17th, a sweepstakes of 5 guineas each, 20 subscribers was won by Jack Andrews, beating
col. Coventry's Lady Catherine, Mr. A. A. L. Smith's Small Box.
Bedford, September 16th.—The Woburn Stakes of 10 guineas each, 4 miles, 3 subscribers, was won by his royal highness the Prince of Wales's b h Jack Andrews, aged, beating Mr. Watson's b h Trinmiv, Mr. Galding's b h Skyrocket.
Endfield, September 23, £50, for all ages, 4 mile heats, was won by Jack Andrews, aged, at 3 heats, beating Mr. Bradley's gr g Ploughboy, Velvet horse Little Thought Of, Stephenson and Comessur—See Racing Calendar for these years. It would swell an advertisement to too great length to mention all the races he has won.
Sweepstakes of 20 guineas each, 2 miles, 5 subscribers, Mr. Rooke's Jack Andrews, aged, 11 st. 7 lb, walked over.—See Racing Calendar for 1802, page 355.
At Lambourne, in Sept. Wednesday 10th, he won the £50 gift of Lord Craven, 4 mile heats, at 4 heats, beating Mr. Coventry's ch h Sacripant, Mr. Bacon's b m Snap.
WILLIAM LIGHTFOOT. PEDIGREE
Jack Andrews was got by Joe Andrews, his dam by Highlander, his grandam Cardinal Puff, his great grandam by Tattler, his great great grandam by Snip, his great great great grandam by Lord Godolphin's Arabian, his great great great great grandam by Stanyan's Arabian, which mare was own sister to Frampton's White Neck full sister to the Minbury Galloway, great great great great grandam by Sauce Box, a son of Gegg, sire of Croft's Old Partner.
JAMES LORD, (Seal.) I do hereby certify that the above pedigree is a true copy from the original, as sent me by James Lord. Given under my hand and seal this 23rd of December, 1804.
WILLIAM LIGHTFOOT, (Seal.) Joe Andrews was got by Eclipse, his dam Amanda by Omnium, her dam Cloudy by Blank—Crab. Wedding on mare by Partner—General Stud Book, page 6th, printed in 1803, by James Weatherby.
Fresh Garden Seeds,
Just received and for sale at S. PLEASANTS' Book Store.
PEAS. Early Chanton, do. Golden Hotspur, do. Turner, Blue Prussian, Dwarf Marrowfat, Green do. Large do. Dwarf crooked Sugar, Leadman's Dwarf, Spanish do.
BEANS. Large Windsor, White Canterbury Dwarf, Yellow do. Early Purple do. Profilio do. Surinam Pole, Cranbury do. Lima do.
CABBAGE.
Early Dutch Dwarf, do. Sugar Loaf, Large Drum Head Green curled Savoy, Yellow Savoy, Red Dutch, Large flat Dutch, Green curled Borecole, Scotch Cote, Early Cauliflower, Late do. Brussel Sprouts.
LETTUCE.
Early Head, Leaf do. Brown do. Roman Cabbage, Large Imperial, Egyptian Coss.
VARIETY.
Early Purple Radish, Scarlet or Salmon do. White Turnip do. Blood red Beet, Scarcity or early do. Orange Carrot, Early purple do. Large London Parsnip, Swelling do. Early Dutch Turnip, Early round do. Norfolk do. French do. Solid Celery, Italian do. White and Red Onions, Early Cucumber, Long do. Cluster for Pickling, Sweet Marjoram, do. Thyme, Summer Savory, Curled Parsley, Asparagus, Pepper grass, Bush Squash, Crookneck do. Pumpkin do. Squash Peppers, Spinage, Sage, Leek, Nasturtium, English Sorrel, Green curled Endive, White curled do. Water Melon, Musk Melon, White Mustard, Brown do. Garden Creses, Vegetable Oysters, &c.
FLOWER SEEDS.
Sweet Peas mixed, Wing Peas, Painted Lady Top Knot Peas, Lupins Mixed, Mignonette, Red China Aster, Border Carnation, Wall Flower, Bonnet Aster, Starry Scabious, White China Aster, Holly Oak, Lobell's Catfish, Superb Red Aster, Balm of Gilead, Purple Candy Tuft, Yellow Zinnia, Cerintha, Red French Honey Suckle, Convolvulus Minor, Double Indian Pink, Cyanus Minor, China Aster, French Marigold, Rose Champion, Upright Rose Larkspur, Yellow Hawkweed, Red Brompton Stock, Yellow Love Apple, Dwarf Mountain Pink, Red Quill'd Aster, Red Greek Veburiana.
Feb. 26.
Charlotte Court, 1st February, 1808. JOSEPH OLIVER, Plaintiff, } In AGAINST } Chancery. WILLIAM BAKER, Deft. } ry.
THE defendant not having entered his appearance according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state, on the motion of the plaintiff by his attorney, it is ordered that he appear here on the first day of May court next and enter his appearance and that a copy of this order be inserted in one of the newspapers printed in Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of the said county.
A Copy—Teste, THOMAS READ, Clk.
THE Executive will receive on the 25th of March next proposals for constructing sufficient and proper carriages for mounting all the pieces of artillery belonging to this commonwealth, at which time drafts of the most approved models in conformity to which the said carriages are to be constructed, will be submitted to the inspection of all persons disposed to contract for the same. The Executive will probably furnish all the necessary timber, and will have the iron work done at the penitentiary.—Subjoined is a list of the pieces intended to be mounted.
DANIEL L. HYLTOM, C. C. 6 Brass Cannon 32 pounders. 9 Iron do. 24 do. 1 do. do. 18 do. 1 do. do. 12 do. 1 do. do. 6 do. 4 do. do. 4 do. 2 do. do. 3 do. 10 or 15 others of different sizes.
COUNCIL CHAMBER.
February 25, 1808
PROPOSALS will be received by the Executive for the purchase of the condemned slaves now in the penitentiary. DANIEL L. HYLTOM, C. C. Feb. 24.
By the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS it is duly certified to the Executive by the court of the county of Warwick, that the house in which by a proclamation bearing date the 29th day of September last, the said court were authorized to hold their sessions, until the courthouse of the said county (out of repair) should be repaired or rebuilt & made fit for their accommodation, is found by experience to be unfit for the purposes of the court, it being too small, and without any of the requisite conveniences for the court, the bar or the juries; and that Wade Mountfort had made a tender of his house in the said county of Warwick, at Rich Neck, which was sufficiently large and convenient for the accommodation of the court, by whom it is accepted. I have therefore thought fit, with the advice of the counsel of state, to issue this proclamation, hereby rescinding that which issued on the aforesaid 29th day of September last; and notifying all whom it may in any manner concern, that until the courthouse for the county of Warwick aforesaid shall be repaired or rebuilt, and made fit for their accommodation the said court for the county of Warwick shall be held in the aforesaid house of the said Wade Mountfort at Rich Neck within the said county of Warwick, according to law.
Given under my hand with the seal of the Commonwealth annexed, at Richmond this 24th day of February, 1808.
WM. H. CABELL.
HAVING associated myself with Archibald PLEASANTS, jr. the business hitherto carried on by me, will, after the 1st day of March next be conducted under the firm of
Ralston & Pleasants,
In the house at present in my occupancy; conformable to which arrangement will be Sold at Public Auction, without reserve, on Monday the 29th inst. by Prosser and Moncure, the whole of my Stock on hand, consisting of the following articles, viz:
25 Hhds. Rye Whiskey 20 do. Sugar 10 do. Molasses 4 Pipes Holland Gin 5 Hhds. Green Coffee 55 Small Chests choice Imperial Tea 10 Tons Bar Iron—90 days credit 800 Sacks Salt (4 bushels) 200 do. do. (5) 40 Crates Liverpool ware 20 Pipes 4th proof Cognac Brandy Six months credit.
GABRIEL RALSTON. Richmond, Feb. 25, 1808.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to Edward P. Chamberlayne, dec. and myself by James B. Littlepage, to secure the payment of sundry debts therein mentioned, due by the said Littlepage, to Benjamin Mosby, assignee of William Dandridge. I shall on Wednesday the first day of June next, proceed to sell at the highest bidder, for ready money, at King William courthouse, a certain tract or parcel of LAND, lying and being in the parish of St. John's, and county of King William, and commonly known as and called by the name of Palmers, containing by estimation Four Hundred and Fifteen Acres of high Land, and One Hundred Acres of Marsh Land, be the same more or less, and bounded by the lands of Bernard Moore, William Gregory, George W. P. Custis and John Quarles, dec. and Matapony River.
BERN'D LIPSCOMB. February 24, wids.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to us by Ambrose Dudley of King William county, to secure a debt due by the said Ambrose Dudley to Benjamin Mosby, assignee of William Dandridge.—We shall proceed to sell, for ready cash, for the best price that can be obtained, on the premises, on the second day of June next, a certain Tract or Parcel of Land, lying and being in the county of King William, being the same on which the said Dudley purchased of William Dandridge, containing 603 acres, or so much thereof as will be sufficient to pay the sum of 400 pounds, current money, with legal interest thereon from the 1st day of April, 1807, in payment, together with all expenses attending the execution thereof.
BERN'D. LIPSCOMB. NATH'L. FOX. 26th February, 1808. wids.
COUNCIL CHAMBER.
February 25, 1808.
PROPOSALS will be received by the Executive on the 25th day of March next, for furnishing the Public Guard with cloathing for the present year. Also at the same time proposals will be received for furnishing the diet of the Convicts in the penitentiary, for one year from the 17th day of April next.
DANIEL L. HYLTOM, C. C.
BETHLEHEM GABOR,
OR THE
Man-Hating Palatine;
An historical Drama, By JOHN D. BURKE, of Petersburg.
* * * A few copies of the above work are just received at this office, where also may be had,
Fisher's Military Tactics

LAND In the state of Ohio—For Sale. THE subscriber wishes to SELL a valuable TRACT OF LAND, in the state of Ohio, containing 1,000 acres. This tract is of excellent quality, as the subscriber has understood from most respectable information. It lies on Deer creek, a branch of the Sciota, about 16 miles from Chillicothe, in a well settled neighborhood, and is very convenient to the trade of the Ohio. He will dispose of it for cash, or on a short credit, for notes negotiable at the Bank of Virginia; or will exchange it for property in the city of Richmond. An unquestionable title, with general warranty, will be made to the purchaser. Wm. MUSFORD. Richmond, Sept. 24, 1807.
Land for Sale! PURSUANT to a deed of trust executed to the subscribers by John C. Miller, for the purpose of securing the payment of sundry debts therein mentioned; will be sold upon the first Monday in January, 1808, for cash upon the premises, a TRACT OF LAND, mentioned in said deed, lying upon the waters of Lockett's and Harris' creek, in the county of Prince Edward, and supposed to contain between six and seven hundred acres. We shall make such title as is transferred to us by said Miller, saving all former encumbrances. The improvements upon this land are such as are usual upon snug plantations in this part of the country, but better fenced than usual. CHARLES WOODSON, } Trustees. JAMES MADISON } Prince Edward, 16 Oct. 1807.
ADVERTISEMENTS. Just Received, a General Assortment of Dutch Bolting Cloth, Of a superior quality. J. Darmsdatt. Oct. 22, 1807.
100 Dollars Reward. RUN AWAY about the first inst. from the service of Mr. William Rawleigh, (to whom he was hired,) a BLACK MAN, named JACKSON, a House Carpenter by profession, of thin consumptive appearance, about 40 years of age, five feet eight or nine inches high; from circumstances attending his escape, it is believed, he intends making his way to one of the Eastern States, and has been provided with false papers of freedom.—If taken within the State, and delivered to me here, or secured, that I get him, I will give Fifty Dollars, or if taken out of the State, One Hundred Dollars. Robert Gamble, Jr. Richmond, Dec. 24th, 1807.
20 Dollars Reward. RUN AWAY about the 8th May from Richmond, JACOB, a very black fellow, about six feet high, twenty-eight years old, handsome address and very artful, has several scars on his neck, and one or two, I believe, on his left cheek, resembling small pox pits, a watermark by trade, and left his bateaux in the basin of the canal in the above city when he went off, at which time he broke open the store of a gentleman in Richmond and stole to a large amount, for which said gentleman has offered a reward of 50 dollars for apprehending said fellow (as I am informed)—he has a numerous acquaintance in the said city, the counties of Hanover and Caroline, in one of which he was raised, and where I expect he may be harbored. The above reward will be paid and all reasonable charges, for securing said fellow in any jail to get him, or delivered me in Bent Creek, Buckingham, Virginia. Samuel Horsley. November 20, 1807.
For Sale, MY Dwelling House, and Four Half-Acre Lots of Ground, in the Town of Manchester, as formerly advertised: On receiving a part in cash, I am disposed to give a considerable credit, for the balance of purchase, or I will take young Negroes at a fair valuation, and Land in the State of Ohio, Tennessee or Kentucky, on such terms as may be agreed on.—If the said property is not sold between now and Christmas, it will be leased to an approved tenant for a term of years. ARCHD CAMPBELL. Manchester, Nov. 30, 1807.
Valuable Lands. THE subscriber will Sell, on a credit, or exchange for Property in Richmond or its neighborhood, the following LANDS, to wit: 822 acres in the state of Kentucky, by survey bearing date the 10th day of October 1797, lying and being in the district set apart for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on Little Barren river. Also, 1000 acres, in Kentucky, by survey bearing date the 10th October 1797, likewise lying in the district set apart for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on the north side of Little river, a branch of Cumberland river, and about two and an half miles from the mouth of Little river. Also, 450 acres of Land in the county of Mason, state of Virginia, on Old Town creek, about 8 miles from Mason courthouse. Indispensible titles will be made to the above mentioned lands; and plots of each tract may be seen on application to the subscriber residing in Richmond. THOMAS BOHANNAN. January 23d, 1808.
The Tract of Land By virtue of a deed of trust executed to by Carter Wilkinson, to secure the payment of a debt therein mentioned, to Austin Wharton, will be SOLD, on the premises, to the highest bidder for cash, on the 10th of March next. John G. Daniel. Thomas H. Walton. February 4, 1808.
For Rent, THE House on the Main Street, next to Messrs Ellis and Allan, and now occupied by Mrs. Pheope. Possession will be given on the first of January next—apply to JOSEPH GALLEGO. Richmond, Dec. 27, 1807.
May be purchased on a long credit, and low terms. The Tenement, ON which the subscriber lives, situated on Church Hill, within about one half mile of the Richmond market—containing two acres of ground, well enclosed and highly improved—The buildings consist of a large and well constructed dwelling house, laundry, kitchen, dairy, smoke house, two stores, brick office, coach house, barn and stable. All these buildings are well finished, and in complete order for the accommodation of a large and genteel family who may have easy access to all the advantages of the city, and live as retired as they could wish. John Ellis. February 4, 1808.
NOTICE. I WILL DISPOSE OF MY TRACT OF LAND, LYING in Powhatan county, containing 500 acres, of which there is 80 or more prime low grounds, which never is overflowed by the river Appomattox. There is also a fine mill seat, the dam nearly completed, and timbers ready to complete the mill, upon a never failing stream. The terms will be one half cash, the balance in 12 months. I will sell or treat with any one between this and the 1st July next, otherwise it will be sold upon the premises, to the highest bidder together with other property. The terms of the personal property will be made known on the day of sale. John H. Saunders. January 5, 1808.
William & Mary College. A MEETING of the visitors of William and Mary College in their convocation room, is requested on the first Tuesday in the next month. The interests of the college require punctual attendance. Samuel Tyler, Rector. Williamsburg, Feb. 5, 1808.
NOTICE. WILL be sold on the twenty sixth day of this month, at the tavern of Mr. Nathaniel Childress, in the town of Manchester, five likely NEGROES, one of which is a good blacksmith, belonging to the estate of James Winfrey, deceased. Six months credit will be given the purchaser, giving bond with approved security, to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid. All persons having claims against said estate are requested to bring them forward, that provision may be made for payment thereof; and all those indebted are requested to make immediate payment, or suits will be commenced, as I wish to close my administration. WM. POINTER, Adm'r. of JAMES WINFREY, dec. February 15.
TO RENT, A GOOD TENEMENT on Market Alley, opposite the Market House; it is among the best stands in the neighborhood for a grocery. For terms apply to the subscriber or to Harry Tompkins. ISAAC WEBSTER. February 15.
A PROCLAMATION. By the Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia. WHEREAS it appears to the Executive, on the evidence of Jacob Stealy, Peter Link, Jacob Myers and William Williams, taken before Benjamin Wilson, jun. esquire, one of the justices of the peace in and for the county of Harrison, within this commonwealth, that a certain JOHN SOMMERVILLE did, on the night of the third of December last, at the house of David Hew, in the town of Clarksville, violently assault with a club, the body of John G. Jackson, esquire, and did feloniously, on purpose and of malice aforethought by lying in wait, unlawfully maim and disable the head and right arm of the said John G. Jackson, by fracturing the scull of the said Jackson, and by a violent blow on the said right arm of the said John G. Jackson inflicted; by which fracture and blow, and also by reason of divers other wounds, blows and bruises given said Jackson, by said Sommerville, with the club aforesaid, the life of said Jackson became greatly endangered, and that the said Sommerville hath escaped from the justice of the law: I have therefore thought fit, with the advice of the council of state, to issue this proclamation, hereby offering a reward of FIFTY DOLLARS, to any person or persons who shall apprehend and conduct the said John Sommerville before some one or more of the justices of the peace in and for the said county of Harrison, that he may be dealt with as in such cases the law directs: And I do moreover enjoin all officers civil and military, and exhort the good people of the commonwealth to use their best endeavours to apprehend and conduct before some one or more of the justices of the peace in and for the aforesaid county of Harrison, the said John Sommerville, to be dealt with according to law. Given under my hand, with the seal of the Commonwealth annexed, at Richmond, this fifteenth day of January, 1808. WM. H. CABELL.
FOR RENT, And immediate possession given, A Store & Lumber-House, That well know place the Piping Tree, in King William county. It is necessary to observe that few stands for a country store can excel it, it being situated in a wealthy neighborhood, on Pamunkey, a branch of York river—where vessels that will carry from 3 to 4000 bushels of grain can load at the door. Mary King. January 26, 1808.
THE IMPORTED HORSES, Diomed & Robin Redbreast, Will stand the ensuing season at my plantation on Rucker's Run, 5 miles from Amherst courthouse, and 12 from Warminster, and will cover mares at 25 dollars the season, 13 dollars the leap and 40 dollars insurance with one dollar to the groom in either case. The leap money to be paid at the time of service, the season on first day of August, and the insurance on first day of March 1809. Crop tobacco inspected at any of the warehouses on James river from Lynchburg to Richmond will be received in payment at 5 dollars per 100 lb if tendered on or before the day it becomes due. Pasturage gratis but no liability for accidents or escapes.—GOUTY is a beautiful bay, 11 years old, 5 feet 3 inches high, elegantly formed and of great strength. He was got by Sir Peter Teazle, and came out of the celebrated Yellow Mare. She was got by Tandem, her dam Perdita by Herod out of Rain Forrester by Sloe, and so through the best stock that England has produced as may be seen by reference to the general stud book.—Sloe was the most distinguished racer of his day, & was never beat. Gouty's Colts are running with great credit in England.—In 1806 four only started, of which one was a winner and when losing they came in with great credit, beating the get of Buzzard, Precipitate, Oscar, Sir Peter Teazle and others of the first character in England.—In 1807 Mr. Weatherby (author of the Racing Calendar) writes to me under date Sept 12th, at which time the racing for that year was not over, that several of Gouty's colts were winners, and one of them had the misfortune to break his shoulder, or it was supposed he would have been the best of his year in England. The season will commence on first March and terminate first August. R. RIVES. February 10, 1808.
THE IMPORTED HORSES, Diomed & Robin Redbreast, Will stand the ensuing season at my plantation on Rucker's Run, 5 miles from Amherst courthouse, and 12 from Warminster, and will cover mares at 25 dollars the season, 13 dollars the leap and 40 dollars insurance with one dollar to the groom in either case. The leap money to be paid at the time of service, the season on first day of August, and the insurance on first day of March 1809. Crop tobacco inspected at any of the warehouses on James river from Lynchburg to Richmond will be received in payment at 5 dollars per 100 lb if tendered on or before the day it becomes due. Pasturage gratis but no liability for accidents or escapes.—GOUTY is a beautiful bay, 11 years old, 5 feet 3 inches high, elegantly formed and of great strength. He was got by Sir Peter Teazle, and came out of the celebrated Yellow Mare. She was got by Tandem, her dam Perdita by Herod out of Rain Forrester by Sloe, and so through the best stock that England has produced as may be seen by reference to the general stud book.—Sloe was the most distinguished racer of his day, & was never beat. Gouty's Colts are running with great credit in England.—In 1806 four only started, of which one was a winner and when losing they came in with great credit, beating the get of Buzzard, Precipitate, Oscar, Sir Peter Teazle and others of the first character in England.—In 1807 Mr. Weatherby (author of the Racing Calendar) writes to me under date Sept 12th, at which time the racing for that year was not over, that several of Gouty's colts were winners, and one of them had the misfortune to break his shoulder, or it was supposed he would have been the best of his year in England. The season will commence on first March and terminate first August. R. RIVES. February 10, 1808.
Wanted, a Wet Nurse; One that has been Accustomed to House Business, And can be recommended to be A Healthy Woman, Will meet with liberal wages by applying to the printer hereof February 19, 1808. (3w)
JUST PUBLISHED, And may be had at JACOB JOHNSON'S BOOK-STORE, near the Market-Brigde, PART 2 OF VOL. 1, HENING & MUNFORD'S REPORTS. 12th February, 1808. w3t
FOR SALE, OR EXCHANGE FOR CITY PROPERTY, NO 1. 20,000 acres of land in Harrison county, state of Virginia, in 4 tracts of 5,000 acres each, on the waters of Elk and Little Kanawha, surveyed in 1784. 2. 2,500 acres on Hughes's river, in the same county, surveyed in 1783, being the moiety of a tract of 5,000 acres. 3. 1,200 acres of land in the district of Baird's Town, on Buck Fork, near Baird's Town, Kentucky. 4. A handsome Frame House, with 5 rooms on a floor, coach house, stables, smoke house, with the Lots on which they stand, and a garden adjoining, in a board fence, at Bath, Berkeley Springs, Virginia, suited for a family or a tavern. Also, one Out Lot of six acres, enclosed with a stone wall. Joseph Gallego. January 14, 1808. w3m
Ten Dollars Reward. RUN away from the subscriber about the 15th of last month, a negro girl named CELESTINE; she is about the common height of women, spare made, round face, is a dark mulatto, and wears her hair plaited, which hangs over her eyes—her dress when she eloped was of a green color—she is between 18 and 20 years of age. I have every reason to believe she is concealed by some person in Richmond. The above reward will be paid to any person on delivering her to Mr. William Edwards, living near Pocahontas bridge. She was purchased of Mr. Samuel Parish of Petersburg. All persons are forewarned from harboring or concealing her at their peril. Elijah Crouch.
FOR SALE, A Negro Man, Under good character, understands taking care of horses and a good carriage driver. Enquire of the Printer. February 9. (w3t)
FOR SALE AT S. PLEASANTS' BOOK-STORE, A NEW SYSTEM OF DOMESTIC COOKERY, Formed upon PRINCIPLES of Economy, and adapted to the use of Private Families. 14th October 1807. wtf
THE IMPORTED HORSE, Bedford, So noted for getting capital racers, will stand the next season at my stable in Chesterfield county. Further particulars will be made known before the season commences. THOMAS BRANCH. 14th October 1807. wtf
At a Court held for Cumberland County, 25th January, 1808. JOHN ANDERSON, Plaintiff, AGAINST JOHN HOLLAND & JAMES HOLLAND, Defendants. THIS day came the plaintiff, by his attorney, and the defendant JOHN, not having entered his appearance and given security according to law and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state; On the motion of the plaintiff by his attorney aforesaid, It is ordered, that the said defendant JOHN, do appear here on the fourth Monday in April next and answer the plaintiff's bill, and that a copy of this order be published in one of the public news papers printed in the city of Richmond and for three months successively and posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A copy,—Atteste, (125) MILLER WOODSON, Clk.
VIRGINIA: At a Court held for Halifax county, the 28th day of December, 1807. Clement Jameson, plaintiff, Against Jesse Crenshaw & Peter Clark, defts. THE defendant Crenshaw, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state; On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is ordered, that the said defendant Crenshaw do appear here on the fourth Monday in March next and answer the plaintiff's bill; and that the defendant Clark do not pay away, secrete or otherwise dispose of any monies, goods or effects which he may have in his hands belonging to the defendant Crenshaw, so far as respects the sum of fifty dollars until the further order of this court; that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the newspapers published in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A copy—Teste, John Barksdale, d. c. h. c.
Charlotte Court, Dec. 8, 1807. Patrick Connelly, plaintiff, against Archibald Fowles & Traverse Brooks, defendants. THE defendant Fowles not having entered his appearance according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state, on the motion of the plaintiff by his attorney, It is ordered, that he appear here on the first day of March court next and enter his appearance and give security for performing the decree of the court, and that a copy of this order be inserted in one of the newspapers printed in Richmond, for two months successively and posted at the front door of the courthouse of the said county. A Copy—Teste, Thomas Read, Clk.
Charlotte Court, Jan. 4, 1808. John Haskins and Nathaniel Terry, plaintiffs, against Jesse Hord & John Hord, defts. THE defendant Jesse Hord not having entered his appearance according to the act of assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state; on the motion of the plaintiff by his attorney, It is ordered, that he appear here on the first day of April court next and enter his appearance and give security for performing the decree of the court, and that a copy of this order be inserted in one of the newspapers published in Richmond, for two months successively and posted at the front door of the courthouse of the said county. A Copy—Teste, Thomas Read, Clk.
Charlotte Court, Jan. 4, 1808. Catherine T. Garden, Francis Scott, sr. and Joseph Scott, executors and ex-ecutrix of John Garden, dec. plfs. Against Alexander Garden, deft. THE defendant not having entered his appearance according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state; On the motion of the plaintiff by their attorney, It is ordered, that he appear here on the first day of April court next and enter his appearance; that a copy of this order be inserted in one of the newspapers published in Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of the said county. A copy—Teste, Thomas Read, Clk.
FOR SALE, OR EXCHANGE FOR CITY PROPERTY, NO 1. 20,000 acres of land in Harrison county, state of Virginia, in 4 tracts of 5,000 acres each, on the waters of Elk and Little Kanawha, surveyed in 1784. 2. 2,500 acres on Hughes's river, in the same county, surveyed in 1783, being the moiety of a tract of 5,000 acres. 3. 1,200 acres of land in the district of Baird's Town, on Buck Fork, near Baird's Town, Kentucky. 4. A handsome Frame House, with 5 rooms on a floor, coach house, stables, smoke house, with the Lots on which they stand, and a garden adjoining, in a board fence, at Bath, Berkeley Springs, Virginia, suited for a family or a tavern. Also, one Out Lot of six acres, enclosed with a stone wall. Joseph Gallego. January 14, 1808. w3m
THE IMPORTED HORSE, Bedford, So noted for getting capital racers, will stand the next season at my stable in Chesterfield county. Further particulars will be made known before the season commences. THOMAS BRANCH. 14th October 1807. wtf
THE subscriber wishes to SELL the LAND on which he resides, known to his friends by the name of OAKLAND. This land lies on the north side of the river Appomattox, in the county of Chesterfield, 25 miles above Petersburg, 3 below Bevil's bridge, and 28 south of Richmond. It contains about 1400 acres, of which nearly one half is low grounds, on the river level, handsomely situated and esteemed superior to any on that river. The high land lies very level, is covered with oak and pine timber, and is a free, fertile soil. The low grounds are mostly open, and the high land about two thirds in timber. The improvements are a dwelling house, with 7 good rooms, 4 of which are on the lower floor, with two passages, all finished in the neatest stile of wainscoting.—There are 4 rooms in the cellar, one with a fire place and plank floor; a kitchen, smoke house, wash house and dairy, and every house necessary for a large family. Also, a large ice house, with a pond at the distance of 30 yards from the door. On the farm there are two granaries, large and convenient, with a wheat machine on the most approved construction in each—an overseer's house, stable and a tobacco house, with a brick cellar under it—also all the houses necessary for the crop hands. The fine water, the airy and salutary situation of the buildings, the fertility of the soil, and the easy boating of the produce to market, give to this property advantages which can be best appreciated on inspection. The terms of sale will be one third down, and the residue in three annual payments, or otherwise, as may be agreed on by application to the subscriber, on the premises, who would give possession any time after the 15th September next. GEORGE EVANS. Oakland, Jan. 12, 1808. w8t
A Lot of Ground, In the town of Columbia, whereon is a large & well finished two story store house, calculated for a store and family, with convenient out houses. The money arising from said sale will be applied agreeably to said deed. MATTHEW WILLS. THOMAS WILLS. WM. PASTEUR.
Notice, THAT the following articles, manufactured at the Penitentiary, with the prices thereto annexed, are constantly kept for sale at the store of Nicholas Hallam, agent for the commonwealth, a few doors above the Swan Tavern in the city of Richmond: viz. CUT NAILS. Wholesale. Retail. 5d. 13 cents. 14 cents per pound. 4d. 12 1-2 13 1-2 6d. 11 1-2 12 1-2 8d. 10 1-2 11 1-2 10d. 10 11 12d. 10 11 20d. 10 11 CUT BRADS. 8d. 10 11 10d. 9 1-2 10 1-2 12d. 9 1-2 10 1-2 20d. 9 1-2 10 1-2 WROUGHT NAILS. 6d. 13 14 8d. 12 1-2 13 1-2 10d. 12 13 12d. 11 1-2 12 1-2 20d. 11 12 24d. 11 12 Spikes of all sizes the same price as 30 nails. Men's fine shoes from 12 1-2 to 13 3-4 coarse do from 7 3-4 to 10 1-2 Women's fine do from 7 3-4 to 9 3-4 Boys & Miss's do from 3 3-4 to 6 3-4 Negroes' shoes from 7 3-4 to 9 3-4 The subscriber will SELL, or exchange for land in the state of Ohio. THE FARM
WHEREON he now resides, containing 77 1-2 acres. This farm is particularly valuable for its contiguity to the city of Richmond, being near enough to give its occupant the advantages of a city residence, combined with the pleasure of a country life. The situation is high and beautiful, commanding a fine view of part of the city & capital, about 25 acres of this land is cleared and but little worn, is of a good soil, affords excellent water, and is believed to be remarkably healthy. On it is a thrifty young apple orchard of choice fruit, beginning to bear, and the improvements are new, and being such as would accommodate a small family. Joseph Anthony. January 26, 1808. wtf
NOTICE. WILL POSITIVELY BE SOLD by the subscribers, who are commissioners for that purpose appointed by the county court of Powhatan on the premises, on Thursday the 24th day of March next, if fair, if not the next fair day, that valuable TRACT OF LAND, lying in the county of Powhatan, on which the late Mrs. Judith Bingley resided, belonging to John Hows and containing about 286 acres, on a credit of twelve months, the purchaser giving bond with indispensible security for the payment of the purchase money. JORDAN FLOURNOY. DAVID FLOURNOY. WILLIAM PORTER. February 23, 1808. 4w1
For Sale or Rent, THE HOUSE, OFFICE & STABLE, with an excellent garden, all in good order, and at present occupied by Mr. Samuel P. Parsons, joining major Prior, on the Hay-Market square: For particulars apply to JASPER ROBBINS, at Mr. JOHN M'ENTY's. Feb. 24, 1808
NOTICE. I INTEND to apply to the Baltimore County Court, at its next session, or in its recess, to one of the judges thereof, for the benefit of the insolvent law of this state, passed 1805, and the supplement thereto, passed 1806 BENJ. MORRIS. February 15, 1808. 2m
Just Received at this Office, Numbers 2 and 3, of The American Military Library, Or, Repository of Modern Tactics, Feb. 23. BLANK BONDS For Sale at this Office.