Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1807-06-17 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[XVth YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1362.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum—paid in Advance.]
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1807.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
Richmond Price Current.
   (CORRECTED WEEKLY.)     Tobacco, $ 5 to 5 50 cash.   WHEAT, - 1 8 do.   FLOUR, superfine, - 5 50 do.   FLOUR, fine, - 5 00 do.   CORN, - 4 25 do.   Hemp, clean, (per ton) 220 00 do.   IRON, - 120 00 do.   Bacon, - 12 do.   Whiskey, - 50 do.  
An Act,
Supplementary to the act intitled "An act making provision for the redemption of the whole of the public debt of the United States."
WHEREAS it is desirable to adapt the nature of the provision for the redemption of the public debt to the present circumstances of the United States, which can only be done by a voluntary subscription on the part of the creditors.
Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That a subscription to the full amount of the old six per cent. deferred and three per cent. stocks be, and the same is hereby proposed; for which purpose books shall be opened at the treasury of the United States, and by the several commissioners of loans, on the first day of July next, to continue open until the seventeenth day of March next following, inclusively, for such parts of the above mentioned descriptions of stock, as shall, on the day of subscription, stand on the books of the treasury, and of the several commissioners of loans, respectively, which subscription shall be effected by a transfer to the United States, in the manner provided by law for such transfers, of the credit or credits, standing on the said books, and by a surrender of the certificates of the stock subscribed.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That for the whole or any part of any sum which shall thus be subscribed, in old six per cent. or deferred stock, credits shall be entered to the respective subscribers, and the subscriber or subscribers shall be entitled to a certificate, or certificates, purporting that the United States owe to the holder or holders thereof, his, her, or their assigns, a sum to be expressed therein, equal to the amount of principal of the stock thus subscribed, which shall remain unredeemed on the day of such subscription, bearing an interest of six per centum, per annum, payable quarter-yearly, from the first day of the quarter, during which such subscription shall have been made, transferable in the same manner as is provided by law for the transfers of the stock subscribed, and subject to redemption at the pleasure of the United States: Provided, That no single certificate shall be issued for an amount greater than ten thousand dollars: And provided further, That no reimbursement shall be made except for the whole amount of any such new certificate, nor till after at least six months previous public notice of such intended reimbursement.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That for the whole or any part of any sum which shall thus be subscribed in three per cent. stock, credits shall likewise be entered to the respective subscribers; and the subscriber, or subscribers, shall be entitled to a certificate, purporting that the United States owe to the holder or holders thereof, his, her, or their assigns, a sum to be expressed therein, equal to sixty-five per centum of the amount of principal of the stock thus subscribed, bearing an interest of six per centum, per annum, payable quarter-yearly, from the first day of the quarter, during which such subscription shall have been made, and transferable and subject to redemption in the same manner, and under the same regulations and restrictions, as the stock created by the preceding section of this act: Provided, That no part of the stock thus created shall be reimbursable, without the assent of the holder or holders of such stock, until after the whole of the eight per cent. and four and a half per cent. stocks, as well as all the six per cent. stock which may be created by virtue of the preceding section, shall have been redeemed.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That the commissioners of the sinking fund shall be, and they are hereby authorized to appoint an agent in London, and another in Amsterdam, whose duty it shall be to receive subscriptions and transfers, and to issue new certificates in the manner, and at the times abovementioned, and as the officers of the treasury department, or the commissioners of loans might do; that is to say, the agent in London in favor of such stock-holders residing in the dominions of Great-Britain in Europe, and the agent in Amsterdam in favor of such stock-holders residing in any other part of Europe, as may respectively become subscribers: Provided, That the certificates issued by the said agents, shall bear interest only from the first day of the quarter next succeeding that in which the subscription shall have taken place and that in relation to subscriptions made in old six per cent. or deferred stocks, the sums expressed in such new certificates shall be equal to the amount of the principal of the old six per cent. or deferred stocks thus subscribed, which shall remain unredeemed after payment of the dividend payable on such stock, on that day from which the interest on the new certificates shall commence.
The foreign stock-holders thus subscribing with either of the said agents, shall be entitled to receive the dividend in the old six per cent. deferred, or three per cent. stock subscribed by them, respectively, which shall be payable on that day, from which the interest on the new certificates shall commence. And it shall be the duty of the said agents, respectively, to transmit, before the end of each quarter, to the register of the treasury, and to the several commissioners of loans, respectively, triplicate abstracts of the certificates of stocks subscribed, and of the new certificates issued by them, during such quarter, in order that the proper credits may be entered on the books of the treasury, and of the commissioners of loans, as the case may be, to the holders of such new certificates. And the said agents, before they enter upon the execution of their several offices, shall, respectively, take an oath or affirmation for the diligent and faithful execution of their trust, and shall also become bound with one or more sureties to the satisfaction of the commissioners of the sinking fund, or of the secretary of the treasury, in the penal sum of twenty thousand dollars, with condition for their good behavior in their said offices.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That the holders of old six per cent. deferred, or three per cent. stock, who may become subscribers, as aforesaid, either in the United States, or in Europe, and who, on the first day of July next, and also on the day of the subscription, shall be resident in Europe, may, at their option, which must be made at the time of subscribing, receive the interest accruing on the stock created by virtue of the preceding sections of this act, either in the United States, as other creditors, or at London, or Amsterdam: that is to say, the stock-holders residing, at the times above-mentioned, in the dominions of Great Britain in Europe, at London, and at the rate of four shillings and six-pence sterling, for each dollar; and the stock-holders residing, at the times above-mentioned, in any other part of Europe, at Amsterdam, and at the rate of two guilders and a half guilder, current money of Holland, for each dollar: in which last mentioned option the condition shall be expressed in the new certificates to be issued, and the credit or credits, to be given to the proprietors thereof, shall be entered, and shall thereafter be transferable only on the books of the treasury: Provided however, That the interest thus payable in London and Amsterdam, shall not be payable until the expiration of six calendar months from the day on which the same would be payable in the United States, and shall be subject to a deduction of one half of one per cent. on the amount payable, for commission to the bankers paying the same: And provided also, That every proprietor of such stock may, on surrendering his certificate, receive another to the same amount, the interest whereof shall be payable quarter-yearly in the United States, in the same manner as that accruing on the stock held by persons residing in the United States.
Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That the same funds which heretofore have been, and now are, pledged, by law, for the payment of the interest, and for the redemption or reimbursement of the stock which may be subscribed by virtue of the provisions of this act, shall remain pledged for the payment of interest accruing on the stock created by reason of such subscription, and for the redemption or reimbursement of the principal of the same. It shall be the duty of the commissioners of the sinking fund to cause to be applied, and paid out of the said fund, yearly, and every year, such sum, and sums, as may be annually wanted to discharge the annual interest and charges accruing on the stock which may be created by virtue of this act. The said commissioners are hereby authorized to apply, from time to time, such sum and sums out of the said fund, as they may think proper, towards redeeming, by purchase, or by reimbursement, in conformity with the provisions of this act, the principal of the said stock. And the annual sum of eight millions of dollars, vested by law in the said commissioners, shall be, and continue appropriated to the payment of interest and redemption of the public debt, until the whole of the stock which may be created by the preceding sections of this act, shall have been redeemed, or reimbursed.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted, That there shall be allowed to each of the agents to be appointed by virtue of this act, in addition to the necessary expenses incurred by them, for printing, stationery, and postage, a sum of three thousand dollars, as a full compensation for their services. The said agents, and the commissioners of loans, shall also be allowed such additional sum as may be actually and necessarily expended for the clerk hire requisite for carrying this act into effect. And for defraying the said compensations and allowances, and such other contingent charges as may be incurred for carrying this act into effect, a sum not exceeding sixteen thousand dollars, to be paid out of any monies in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated, is hereby appropriated.
Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That whenever notice of reimbursement shall be given, as prescribed by the second and third sections of this act, the certificates intended to be reimbursed, shall be designated therein. In every reimbursement the preference shall be given to such holders of certificates as previously to the said notice, shall have notified in writing to the treasury department their wish to be reimbursed. If there should not be applica-
tions to the treasury sufficient to require the payment of the whole sum to be applied to that purpose, the secretary of the treasury, after paying off all sums for the payment of which applications shall have been made, shall determine by lot what other certificates shall be reimbursed so as to make up the whole amount to be discharged: and in case the applications shall exceed the amount to be discharged, the secretary of the treasury shall proceed to determine by lot what applications shall be entitled to priority of payment.
Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That the agents appointed by virtue of this act, and the several commissioners of loans, shall observe and perform such directions and regulations, as shall be prescribed to them by the secretary of the treasury, touching the execution of this act.
Sec. 10. And be it further enacted, That nothing in this act contained, shall be construed, in any wise, to alter, abridge, or impair the rights of those creditors of the United States, who shall not subscribe to the loan created by virtue of this act.
NATHL. MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. GEO. CLINTON, Vice President of the United States, and President of the Senate. February 11, 1807.—APPROVED. TH: JEFFERSON.
LOAN-OFFICE, State of Virginia, June 3, 1807.
NOTICE is hereby given, That in conformity with the provisions of the act supplementary to the act, intitled "An act making provision for the redemption of the whole of the public debt of the United States," books will be opened at the office of the commissioner of loans for the state of Virginia on the first day of July next, to continue open until the seventeenth day of March, 1808, inclusively, the fourteen last days of each quarter excepted, for the purpose of receiving subscriptions for such parts of the old six per cent. deferred six per cent. and three per cent. stocks, as may, on the day of subscription, stand on the books of the said commissioner of loans.
Those proprietors of the old six per cent. and deferred stocks, who may subscribe, will receive in lieu thereof a new six per cent. stock, equal to the unredeemed amount of the stock surrendered, redeemable at the pleasure of the United States, under a proviso however, that no reimbursement shall be made except for the whole amount of any such new certificate of stock, nor till after six months previous notice: and the proprietors of the three per cent. stock who may subscribe, will receive in lieu thereof, a six per cent. stock, equal to sixty-five per cent. of the amount of three per cent. surrendered, redeemable in the same manner as the new six per cent. stock abovementioned, but not reimbursable however, without the assent of the holders, until after the whole of the new six per cent. (given in exchange for old six or deferred as abovementioned) as well as the whole of the eight per cent. stock of the United States, shall have been reimbursed. It is also provided that in every reimbursement which may take place, a preference will be given to those creditors who may notify their wish to be reimbursed; and that if the applications to that effect shall at any time either exceed or fall short of the sum then applicable to that purpose, the priority of payment shall, so far as may be necessary, be determined by lot.
The present stockholders who reside in any part of Europe, and may assent to that modification, may, at their option, receive the interest accruing on the new stock, either in the United States as heretofore, or in London, or Amsterdam, at par: in which last case the interest will be paid there by the bankers of the United States, six months subsequent to the day on which the same would be payable in the United States and subject to no variation; nor to any other deduction than a commission to the bankers, of one half per cent. on the interest thus paid.
JOHN PAGE, Commissioner of Loans.
   NOTE.     Proprietors of 1000 dollars nominal six per cent. stock, subscribed before the 1st October, 1807, will be entitled to receive, 649 62 of new six.   If subscribed between the 1st October, and 31st Dec. 1807, 644 37   If subscribed between the 1st January and 17th March, 1808, 619 08   Proprietors of 1000 dollars nominal deferred, subscribed before the 1st October, 1807, will be entitled to receive, 855 75 78   If subscribed between the 1st October, and 31st Dec. 1807, 853 62   If subscribed between the 1st January, and 17th March, 1808, 831 42   Being the unredeemed amount of the old stock on the 1st July, and October, 1807, and 1st January, 1808, respectively,   Proprietors of 1000 dollars three per cent. stock will be entitled to receive 650 dollars of new six. 650   J. P. Com'r. Loans.  
*** TICKETS in the Second Class of the William and Mary College Lottery for sale at this office.
THE EPISTLE FROM THE YEARLY MEETING, HELD IN LONDON, BY ADJOURNMENTS, From the 21st to the 31st of the 5th month, 1806, inclusive.
To the Quarterly and Monthly Meetings of Friends, in Great-Britain, Ireland and elsewhere.
DEAR FRIENDS, WE find, in meeting in this our annual assembly, a renewal of lively zeal for promoting the righteousness which is of Christ, and for removing, as far as in us lies, the causes which obstruct it. We trust that our meeting is not only professedly in his names, but, as we are given to derive strength and encouragement in his cause, from the mutual communication of our feelings and exercises of mind, that he still owns us, however unworthy, and grants us by being at times baptized into the sense of our weakness, to seek, with more earnestness his everlasting strength. In the desire therefore that ye may be built up a people truly christian; that "righteousness and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost," may increase and abound; we again convey to you the salutation of love unfeigned. We beseech you to consider the holy gradation of righteousness, peace, and joy; and to mark that the first step is that most comprehensive attainment, righteousness. Righteousness in immutable justice. It leaves no duty unfulfilled. Man has his full share of love from man; and God, his due reverence, adoration and praise. Peace then flows as a river, and joy in the holy Spirit completes the gracious purpose of christian redemption. "Happy is that people that is in such a case: yea, happy is that people whose God is the Lord."
But friends, though we are thus favoured to see and to approve things which are excellent, yet when we review the state of our religious society & scrutinize into the conduct of its members, we are often obliged to observe that an enemy is at work; that earth sometimes obtrudes into the place of heaven; and that self love in many is more conspicuous than self denial. You know that the subject of our enquiry on these occasions are arranged under different heads, and that it becomes from time to time our concern to remind you of your duty respecting many of them. When we ask the question, "Is there any growth in the truth?" modesty, were there nothing else, might occasion a doubtful reply. But nothing needs prevent every man, endowed with the light of Christ in himself, from endeavouring to answer this most important query plainly to his own conscience. As the vigorous tree brings forth its fruit in its season, so if any man grow in the truth, he will bring forth the fruits of truth, even the fruit of the Spirit, so well described by the apostle to the Galatian converts.—And what obstructs this growth in any? We reply the love of ease; the dread of conflict. But as winter and storms promote the well being of the outward creation, so tribulation and conflict improve the christian. They have their appropriate and appointed end in the work of sanctification; they arise not out of the dust, but are sent or permitted in the proper seasons; and whoever seeks to escape without his share, rejects the very means of his advancement, and scarcely can hope to attain his due "measure of the fulness of Christ;" a state of which the same apostle speaks as attainable to all.
Now, beloved brethren, a subject, a deeply interesting subject, intervened among our deliberations on the state of our society; and its longful importance induces us to suffer it here also to interrupt the current of our christian counsel. No longer since than the last year we excited your attention afresh to the sufferings of the Africans, and spoke of the continuance of the cruel, Slave trade as of an accumulation of misery and of guilt. How then do we now rejoice in having to proclaim, that this torrent of iniquity is arrested in its progress; that an important restriction of the trade has taken place; that the annual enslaving of thousands is prevented; and that the prospect again opens, with increased brightness, of "a termination to the wrongs of Africa"
Let us therefore thank God, and take courage: and still persevere in the support of those testimonies and practices, to which christian love gives rise, and which Christ requires of his church. And in order that we may be able to do this, let love, pure, unconquerable love, reign in our hearts. We have often expatiated on this topic; but yet we must violate our feelings if we suppress some further observations on it at this time. Friends remember that to be "made perfect in love," is a high state of christian excellence, and not attainable but by the sacrifice of selfish passions. No degree of resentment can consist with this state. Some persons are apt to profess that they can forgive those whom they suppose to have injured them, when such are brought to know and acknowledge their fault. But that is little else than a disguised pride, seeking for superiority. The love which Christ commanded to his church goes further than that. "This is my commandment, that ye love one another, as I have loved you." And how did the Lord love the world? Let the apostle answer. "God commendeth his love towards us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us." And, friends mark and remember his gracious dying words when praying for his very persecutors, he said, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do." And shall we expect access for our more feeble pray-
ers, at the throne of grace, if we harbor any ill will to our fellow travellers towards immortality? Let us hear again the savior of men: "And when ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have ought against any." He doth not allow time for seeing the injuring person become submissive—but, Standing forgive; for "if ye do not forgive, neither will your Father which is in heaven forgive your trespasses." O, the excellence of christian love, and the temper of forgiveness! It is the indispensable requisite in that spiritual worship to which we as a people more peculiarly bear testimony: yea, it is not the very balm of life, and the passport to heaven?
Thus have we hinted at some of the leading characteristics of the christian; we have attempted to hold up the standard of truth; and we tenderly entreat all our friends who feel the necessity of measuring themselves by it, and are in a great degree exemplary persons themselves, to be frequently attending to their respective gifts, in order to be helpful to others; for we are members one of another, if we are really members of that body of which the head is Christ. This mutual care is a fundamental principle of our christian discipline, this mutual care hath brought us together at this time.
We have received this year, epistles from all the meetings with which this meeting usually corresponds. The most remarkable feature in the intelligence which from these and other sources we receive respecting our brethren in North America, is the great and successful diligence of some of their Yearly meetings in promoting the civilization of the Indian natives. We find that our Meeting for Sufferings has very properly diffused this intelligence among friends; and, impressed with a desire of co-operating in a work so benevolent, this meeting has recommended a contribution to assist our American brethren in their very worthy pursuit; and we doubt not that our friends will cheerfully embrace this opportunity of testifying our unity with their labors.
Although, as we have already remarked in the accounts which came up with the several branches of this meeting, we are affected with noting various particulars which we deplore, yet we also are encouraged in observing that the good cause remains dear to many; that fresh instances offer themselves to view of zeal in the Lord's service; and that some serious persons are still seeking to be united to us in consequence of conviction.
The amount of sufferings brought in this year is about ten thousand three hundred and fourteen pounds; of which sum part is for demands of a military nature; but the chief part ecclesiastical. And friends, while we are endeavouring to bear testimony against war, let us show, by our inoffensive, quiet demeanor, that we are truly children of peace; and while we refuse the claims of a priesthood, from which we conscientiously dissent, let us be diligent in waiting on the great Minister of the true tabernacle. This, you know, friends, is the purpose of our assembling together in silence; and though there is among us at times but little instrumental ministry, or none, let not this produce any abatement of diligence in the duty. Instrumental ministry, in the life and power of the gospel, is a great favor to the church; but the distinguishing excellence in the christian dispensation is the immediate communication with our heavenly Father, through the inward revelation of the Spirit of Christ. Let us, therefore, brethren, submit to the baptizing operations of the holy Spirit which purify the soul, and produce the capacity for communion with God.
Now, "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. Amen."
Signed in and on behalf of the meeting, by ARNÉE FRANK, Clerk to the meeting this year.
Just Received,
And for Sale on reasonable terms, 20,000 Weight of well cured BACON,
Amongst which are 700 HAMS of a superior quality.—Likewise,
15 Ton of IRON, Assorted, with our usual assortment of PAINTS, OILS, &c. &c.
RUSSELL & WALLACE. Richmond, 12th June, 1807. 2m
W. HAIGHT, Upholsterer and Paper Hanger, FROM NEW YORK,
ON the Main Street, nearly opposite the Old City Tavern, has just received a large and superb assortment of
Mahogany Furniture, With a great variety of hair, flock and tow MATTRESSES, WINDOW BLINDS, RUSSIA DUCK, &c. Also, in store, a large assortment of PAPER HANGINGS, FRINGES, TASSELS, CORDS, CORNICES for windows, &c. &c. all of which he will sell very low. Richmond, May 4, 1807. w3m
BLANK BONDS For Sale at this Office,

Gen. WILKINSON and suite, with a number of other witnesses in the case of the United States against A. BURR, arrived in this city on Saturday morning. Among the witnesses are Mr. GRAHAM, Secretary of the Territory of Orleans, Lieuts. Gaines and Smith, and Sergeant Dunbaugh, whose affidavit was lately put aside in court, as informal.
TRIAL OF Col. Aaron Burr.
Argument, on the motion for a writ of subpoena duces tecum to the President of United States, continued.
THE commencement of Mr. Botta's speech in answer to that of Mr. McRae was not heard by the reporters.
To show that the papers in question ought not to be withheld, he mentioned that fees are allowed by act of Congress to certain officers in each of the public departments for copies of official papers.
He contended that the doctrines of state-secrecy and policy, did not apply to this case; that there could be no immunities of state which could authorize the President of the United States to refuse to furnish any evidence in his possession which might be necessary for the defence of an individual whose life was in danger.
Can any innocent purpose, said Mr. Botta, be subserved by the President withholding the documents demanded? And will the counsel malign him by imputing to him a guilty one? If secrecy was once requisite; at a time when the supposed conspiracy was progressing; that necessity has now ceased; and, as to state policy, it cannot be known to exist unless it be proved. State-policy in England has done a great deal of mischief; it has often sheltered wicked and corrupt ministers from the punishment due to their crimes; yet even there (where the principles of liberty are not understood so well as in this country) in Sir Home Popham's trial, Lord Melville, President of the Board of Admiralty, was compelled to appear and give evidence concerning the instructions he had given him.
I do not dispute the policy of the gentlemen in keeping hidden evidence which (if known in time) we might refute; but such testimony as we think material in our defence, we are, at any rate, entitled to.
But the gentlemen have made a concession of great liberality! They say they are willing that the President may be summoned to attend; but not to give evidence when he does attend; not to disclose any thing but what he himself condescends to make known. The President may be, and no doubt, is a very great man; but while his policy is so completely hidden from us, the counsel for the prosecution must pardon us if we cannot consent to pin our faith on his sleeve, and choose rather to betake ourselves to our legal rights.
The opinion given by Judge Chase on the trial of Cooper was reprobated by the principles of those gentlemen who now prosecute for the United States; and yet they now wish to avail themselves of that authority. I congratulate them upon their dereliction of the old popular opinions which prevailed at the time of Chase's trial.
Mr. McRae observed that Mr. Botta had misrepresented the object for which he had introduced the opinion of Judge Chase; that he had not pretended to use it as authority; but, on the contrary, had expressly declared that he scorned to avail himself of it.
Mr. Wickham said that Judge Chase's opinion pronounced in the case of Cooper was not correctly understood. It was not that the President could not be summoned as a witness, but that he ought not to be summoned to give evidence against himself.
Mr. Botta proceeded to say that even that qualified opinion of Judge Chase had been reprobated by the gentlemen; but now, they shelter themselves under it in effect.
As to the argument that a copy of Gen. Wilkinson's letter will be sufficient; suppose, said Mr. Botta, Gen. Wilkinson should swear to one thing and the copy of his letter should say another, would you condemn him upon the President's certificate merely that the paper produced contained a true copy of a letter from him?
He concluded with observing, "if a time shall ever arrive when a person shall stand accused of a crime of the highest nature; of a crime by which his life is endangered; if a part of the testimony shall be concealed by those who administer the government, and no policy of state requires it; and yet the court does not compel it to be produced to screen the devoted victim; it will be a disastrous time for our country."
Mr. Wirt in opposition to the motion delivered a very eloquent speech, of which it is with great regret that we furnish only an abridgement at present.
He declared the counsel for the prosecution did not deny that a subpoena ad testificandum may be issued to summon the President of the United States to give evidence, as well as to summon any other citizen; but a writ of subpoena duces tecum to compel him to produce certain papers is a different thing. The former is a matter of right, and may be demanded of the clerk without an order of court; the latter is granted only by the court, and according to principles of sound discretion. He should in the first place undertake to demonstrate the correctness of this position, and secondly, that the materiality of the papers demanded ought to appear to induce the court to grant the writ. He was proceeding to support the first point, viz. that this was a question addressed to the discretion of the court and not a question of right; when Mr. Wickham said that that
point need not be argued, since he admitted it. Mr. Wirt thanked the gentleman for his admission, which relieved him from the trouble of part of his argument; & said that it only remained for him to show that the papers for which the writ is to be issued ought to appear to be material, and that Col. Burr's affidavit, did not sufficiently state the materiality of those demanded by him.
I grant said Mr. Wirt, that it is not the usual practice to demand an affidavit from the person who makes a motion for a writ of subpoena duces tecum; but the reason is, that the materiality of the papers to procure which it is requested, is generally evident; for example, when an original deed, which is necessary to trace a title to lands in an action in which that title is brought in question, or an original bond, on which an action is founded, is to be obtained from the records of a court. In such cases, the utility of such documents to the party moving for them is apparent without the necessity of an affidavit; but where such utility does not otherwise appear, the affidavit of the party is requisite, and ought to set forth in a satisfactory manner, not equivocally, or by conjectural surmises. The public officers would be put completely in the power of every individual, if a conjectural affidavit would be sufficient: they would be liable to be harassed, and the records continually deranged by any person whose whim, caprice, hatred or malice, might prompt him to demand any of the public records. In using these words, I speak only of abstract principles, without any allusion to this particular case.
I dislike state secrets as much as the gentleman who has preceded me; I abhor the mysteries of state; but the mysterious conduct of those who love monarchy; and sincerely wish that every thing could be conducted fairly and above board. If the documents which Mr. Burr wishes to obtain, are really applicable to the case, I wish the subpoena to issue, but, to enable the court to judge of that the substance of those documents ought to be specified. In the case of the United States against Smith, in the circuit court at New York, although the defence might be unmasked, Judge Paterson demanded a particular and not a general affidavit. It is no objection, therefore, that a more special affidavit than that which Mr. Burr has furnished might unmask his defence. But, as to unmasking the defence, the gentleman from Baltimore has shown the grounds upon which part of the papers are wanted. He seemed to be conscious of a deficiency in the affidavit, and therefore, in his argument, undertook to state what ought to have been expressed therein. He has said that the purpose for which the orders of the President to the naval and military officers of the United States are to be used, is to show that those lawless orders had put Mr. Burr in the attitude of self defence, and that he was justifying in resisting them! A strange and extraordinary argument indeed!—The President is sworn to maintain the laws, and issues orders to arrest the progress of a combination to violate them; the guilty persons concerned refuse to disperse in a peaceful manner, but resist with an armed force those who are sent to execute his orders; and this is called by counsel learned in the law, exercising the right of self defence!—Permit me to ask the court would this defence be admissible on the trial of Mr. Burr before the petit jury? The gentleman's argument proves that the act said to be self defence was treason; since it was an act of resistance to the constituted authorities, and of levying war against the United States! If the President was impeached for issuing those orders, it would then be proper to enquire into his right to issue them; but not in this collateral way. It appears, therefore, evident that no good reason is assigned for issuing the writ of subpoena duces tecum for those orders. Mr. Burr's affidavit expires none, and that urged by his counsel demonstrates that they are intended to be applied to an improper purpose.
As to the letter of General Wilkinson. I agree that any letter not compromising the safety of the state ought to be produced; but the letter must be material.
At any rate, the original letter is not necessary; for having been written on a subject of a public nature, it is, no doubt, preserved in the department of state; and, if so, a certified copy is declared by an act of Congress (see laws of U. S. 1 vol. p. 111) to be of equal dignity as evidence with the original. If, therefore, a copy was produced, General Wilkinson could not question or deny its authenticity; but would be compelled to acknowledge it in the same manner as the original.
But there is no proof of the materiality of the letter as evidence in defence of Mr. Burr; not even so much as Mr. Martin stated concerning the purpose to be answered by introducing the orders. If it is important at all, it can only tend to convict the prisoner. This is evident, because from very letter the President of the United States founded his opinion of the prisoner's guilt. Although I do not pretend to make use of the President's communication to Congress, to prove any thing against Mr. Burr, yet, as no evidence is adduced to show in what manner the letter alluded to in that communication can operate in his favor; I may observe that the circumstance of the President's having declared himself convinced of his guilt, in consequence of the information received from that letter, is prima facie evidence that it could only make against him if produced. This is an additional and a stronger reason, for his being compelled to prove its materiality, than applies in ordinary cases of motions of this sort.
But another question ought to be considered. Is the letter legally admissible as evidence at all? Could we use it to prove the guilt of Burr? We certainly could not. Then could we use it in his defence? It is a rule that a document which is legal evidence, ought to be such as can have a reciprocal operation; so that, if it could be used in favor of one party, the other might equally avail himself of it, if it contained any thing in his favor. It follows, that since the United States can by no means introduce Gen. Wilkinson's letter as testimony against Mr. Burr, he cannot use it in his vindication. If we were to offer the letter; they might exclude it by requiring us to produce Wilkinson himself. It would therefore have no reciprocal operation, and ought not to be admitted at all.
Mr. Wirt then briefly recapitulated his arguments, and concluded with several forcible observations on the policy which the counsel for Col. Burr had uniformly exerted in his defence. On every question they had delighted to wander from the point in controversy into the field of declamation and abuse of the government of the United States—Mr. Martin's friendship for Col. Burr might be some excuse for his giving way to his feelings and uttering vehement complaints of the persecution he supposed his friend had undergone; but the same course was pursued before he came to town; and therefore plainly proceeded from policy and design. A systematic plan had been followed by all the gentlemen of the administration, as if they could thereby demonstrate the innocence of Col. Burr. But this, said he, is reversing the order of proceeding. First prove the innocence of Aaron Burr, and that, I admit, will be the severest of all satires upon the government; but let him
clear his own skirts before he abuses better men. This is not a case between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, but between Aaron Burr and his country. Let that country therefore determine whether he is innocent or guilty; but do not expect to clear him from accusation by slandering others.
Mr. Wirt in glowing and energetic language, described the extreme impropriety of such a mode of defence. He observed that the conduct of the gentlemen was disrespectful and injudicious to the court: they seemed to flatter themselves that the judges really felt those prejudices and partialities which had been (he hoped, unjustly) imputed to them; and that, when they luxuriantly indulged themselves in invectives against the government, they furnished the pleasures of a Mahometan Paradise to the court as well as to their client. He said it was the duty of the members of the court, who formed themselves a part of the government, to compel the counsel before them, to treat that government with decent respect.
Mr. Wickham appealed to the court if the counsel for Col. Burr had been the first who began the attack; and wished the gentleman to follow his own wise maxims. He observed that Mr. Wirt had met the question fairly, and conceded several points which had been contended for by his associates.
He admitted the granting a writ of subpoena duces tecum to be a matter of discretion; but insisted that the opinion of the party applying for it, that the papers might be material, was sufficient.
He said that the question in the case of the United States vs. Smith arose on a motion for a continuance.
Mr. Wirt corrected his statement, observing that the motion was for a continuance and for an attachment against the witnesses at the same time, and both questions were argued collectively.
Mr. Wickham agreed that such was the case, but contended that the special affidavit was required because there was a motion for a continuance—and that on a motion of this kind an affidavit need not be special. He said that the reason given by Judge Paterson for requiring a special statement of what was intended to be produced by Messrs. Madison and Smith (the Secretaries of State and of the Navy) was that if they had been present their evidence, (if it only went to prove that the President had sanctioned the expedition) would have been of no consequence. Since the President's sanctioning the expedition could not have rendered it lawful.
We are told, said Mr. Wickham, that Wilkinson's letter is not important!—Yet he is the pivot on which this prosecution turns. Without his evidence they could not progress with the trial. When he arrives it will be all important to us to prove the falsehood of his testimony, by proving that he has contradicted himself. His credibility is the point in question; and surely Gen. Wilkinson is not so immaculate as the government: we may allude to his tyrannical and oppressive conduct at New Orleans; we may demonstrate that his feelings, his interests, his character require him to secure the conviction of Col. Burr. Under these circumstances his veracity must be very doubtful; especially, if we can show that he has made three or four different and inconsistent representations of the transactions charged to be treasonable. His letter therefore ought to be produced.
As to the inconvenience to which the public officers may be subjected, it ought not to be regarded; for those offices were made for the good of the people, not for the good of the officers. All that Col. Burr is obliged to thee, is probable cause to believe that Wilkinson's letter may be material, though he cannot swear that it is universal.
Mr. Wirt says he is not an advocate for state secrets; but he is in this case without knowing it. He has said too that the acquittal of Col. Burr will be a satire on the government. I am sorry that the gentleman has made this confession, that the character of the government depends on the guilt of Col. Burr. If I believed him to be correct, I could easily explain from that circumstance the anxiety manifested to convict him and the prejudices which have been excited against him. But I will not believe that this is the case, but will tell the gentleman that we think Burr may be acquitted, and yet the government may have pure intentions.
The writ of subpoena duces tecum ought to be issued, and if there are any state-secrets to prevent the production of the letter, the President should allege it in his return, for at present, we cannot know that any such secrets exist. And the court, when his return is before them, can judge of the excuse assigned. But I have too good an opinion of the President to think he would withhold the letter.
The gentlemen on the other side have said that we do not wish to unmask our defence; but in withholding the papers which we demand, they show that they have on the mask, and we wish the court to aid us in making them pull it off.
We contend that no affidavit on the part of Col. Burr is necessary. Wilkinson's affidavit already published, together with the President's communication to Congress, proves that the letter in question must be material. It may show that the treasonable transactions attributed to Col. Burr within the limits of this state, never existed; for, as to Blennerhassett's island, the gentlemen in prosecution know there was no such thing as a military force on that island. Here Mr. Hay misrepresents him, and said that it was extremely indecent and improper to accuse them of voluntarily supporting a cause which they knew to be unjust. He solemnly denied the truth of the charge against him, and the gentlemen who assisted him, and declared that they could prove the actual existence of an armed assemblage of men on Blennerhassett's island, under the command of Aaron Burr.
Mr. Wickham, acknowledged that he had gone too far in the expression he had used, and ought not to have uttered what he had said concerning the counsel for the United States, declaring that he meant nothing personal against them. He proceeded to argue the question concerning the production of the President's orders. He denied as Mr. Martin had done before, the legality of those orders, and contended that Col. Burr had a right to resist them. "Mr. Burr was brought here, said he: how he was brought we will not say; but we will say that resistance to the militia ordered out against him was resistance to tyranny and despotism."
Mr. Wickham returned to the question relative to Wilkinson's letter. "We are told, he said, that the letter is in the department of state, and a copy will be sufficient. If the letter was written to the President of the United States, and not to the secretary of any department, we may presume that the President has it in his own possession. But if a copy was here, Wilkinson may deny that he ever wrote the letter, and although the copy might be faithful, it could not prove that the letter was not a forgery. The original, therefore, will alone answer our purpose."
Mr. Wirt lays down the strange principle that Wilkinson's letter is not evidence because it could make only in favor of one side; but that it ought to make in favor of the other also! Give the gentleman his premises, and his conclusion follows, but his premises are false; for the doctrine
cannot be sound that nothing is evidence but that which makes in favor of both sides of a question."
When Mr. Wickham had finished, the Chief Justice observed that although many observations, (in the course of the several discussions which had taken place) had been made by the gentlemen of the bar, in the heat of debate, of which the court did not approve, yet the court had hitherto avoided interfering; but as a pointed appeal had been made to them on this day, (alluding to the speech of Mr. Wirt,) and they had been called upon to support their own dignity by preventing the government from being abused, the court thought it proper to declare that the gentlemen on both sides had acted improperly in the style and spirit of their remarks; that they had been to blame in endeavoring to excite the prejudices of the people, and had repeatedly accused each other of doing what they forget they have done themselves. The court therefore expressed a wish that the counsel for the United States and for Col. Burr, would confine themselves on every occasion to the point really before the court; that their own good sense and regard for their characters required them to follow such a course; and it was hoped that they would not hereafter deviate from it.
The Court then adjourned until Thursday morning eleven o'clock.
The debate on that day shall be given in our next.
A FEW OF THE LATEST PROCEEDINGS. On Saturday last, the Chief Justice delivered the opinion of the court, in favor of Col. Burr's motion for a writ of subpoena duces tecum, which opinion is as follows:—
THE object of the motion now to be decided is to obtain copies of certain orders understood to have been issued to the land & naval officers of the U.S. for the apprehension of the accused; and an original letter from Gen. Wilkinson to the President in relation to the accused, with the answer of the president to that letter; which papers are supposed to be material to the defence. As the legal mode of effecting this object, a motion is made for a subpoena duces tecum to be directed to the President of the United States.
In opposition to this motion a preliminary point has been made by the counsel for the prosecution. It has been insisted by them that, until the grand jury shall have found a true bill, the party accused is not entitled to subpoenas or to the aid of the court to obtain his testimony.
It will not be said that this opinion is now for the first time advanced in the U. States, but certainly it is now for the first time advanced in Virginia. So far back as any knowledge of our jurisprudence is possessed, the uniform practice of this country has been to permit any individual who was charged with any crime, to prepare for his defence, and to obtain the process of the court for the purpose of enabling him so to do. This practice is convenient, and is as consonant to justice as it is to humanity. It prevents in a great measure those delays which are never desirable, which frequently occasion the loss of testimony, and which are often oppressive, that would be the inevitable consequence of withholding from a prisoner the process of the court until the indictment against him was found by a grand jury.
The right of an accused person to the process of the court to compel the attendance of witnesses seems to follow necessarily from the right to examine those witnesses, and wherever that right exists it would seem reasonable that it should be accompanied with the means of rendering it effectual. It is not doubted that a person who appears before a court under a recognizance must expect that a bill will be preferred against him, or that a question concerning the continuance of the recognizance will be brought before the court. In the first event he has the right, and it is perhaps his duty to prepare for his defence at the trial; in the second event, it will not be denied that he possesses the right to examine witnesses on the question of continuing his recognizance. In either case it would seem reasonable that he should be entitled to the process of the court to procure the attendance of his witnesses.
The genius and character of our laws & usages are friendly, not to condemnation at all events, but to a fair and impartial trial; and they consequently allow to the accused the right of preparing the means to secure such a trial. The objection that the attorney may refuse to proceed at this term, and that no day is fixed for the trial if he should proceed, presents no real difficulty. It would be a very insufficient excuse to a prisoner who had failed to prepare for his trial, to say that he was not certain the attorney would proceed against him. Had the indictment been found at the last term, it would have been in some measure uncertain whether there would have been a trial at this, and still more uncertain on what day that trial would take place; yet subpoenas would have issued returnable to the first day of the term, and if, after its commencement, other subpoenas had been required, they would have issued returnable as the court might direct. In fact all process to which the law has affixed no certain return day is made returnable at the discretion of the court.
General principles then and general practice are in favor of the right of every accused person so soon as his case is in court, to prepare for his defence, and to receive the aid of the process of the court to compel the attendance of his witnesses. The constitution and laws of the U. S. will now be considered for the purpose of ascertaining how they bear upon the question.
The 8th amendment to the constitution gives to the accused in all criminal prosecutions, a right to a speedy and public trial, and to compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. The rights given by this article must be deemed secured by the courts, and the article should be so construed as to be something more than a dead letter.
What can more effectually elude the right to a speedy trial than the declaration that the accused shall be disabled from preparing for it until an indictment shall be found against him? It is certainly much more in the true spirit of the provision which secures to the accused a speedy trial, that he should have the benefit of the provision which entitles him to compulsory process as soon as he is brought into court.
These observations derive additional force from a consideration of the manner in which this subject has been contemplated by congress. It is obviously the intention of the national legislature that in
all capital cases, the accused shall be entitled to process before indictment found. The words of the law are, "And every such person or persons accused or indicted of the crimes aforesaid, (that is of treason or any other capital offence) shall be allowed & admitted in his said defence to make any proof that he or they can produce, by lawful witness or witnesses, and shall have the like process of the court where he or they shall be tried, to compel his or their witnesses to appear at his or their trial, as is usually granted to compel witnesses to appear on the prosecution against them."
This provision is made for persons accused or indicted. From the imperfection of human language it frequently happens that sentences which ought to be the most explicit are of doubtful construction, and in this case the words "accused or indicted" may be construed to be synonymous to describe a person in the same situation, or to apply to different stages of the prosecution. The word or may be taken in a conjunctive or a disjunctive sense. A reason for understanding them in the latter sense is furnished by the section itself. It commences with declaring that any person who shall be accused and indicted of treason shall have a copy of the indictment, &c. at least 3 days before his trial. This right is obviously to be enjoyed after an indictment and therefore the words are "accused and indicted." So with respect to the subsequent clause which authorises a party to make his defence and directs the court on his application to assign him counsel. The words relate to any person accused and indicted. But when the section proceeds to authorise the compulsory process for witnesses, the phraseology is changed. The words are "and every such person or persons accused or indicted, &c." thereby adapting the expression to the situation of an accused person both before and after indictment. It is to be remarked too that the person so accused or indicted is to have "the like process to compel his or their witnesses to appear at his or their trial as is usually granted to compel witnesses to appear on the prosecution against them." The fair construction of this clause would seem to be that with respect to the means of compelling the attendance of witnesses to be furnished by the court the prosecution and defence are placed by the law on equal ground. The right of the prosecutor to take out subpoenas, or to avail himself of the aid of the court in any stage of the proceedings previous to the indictment is not controverted. This act of congress it is true, applies only to capital cases; but persons charged with offences not capital have a constitutional and a legal right to examine their testimony, and this act ought to be considered as declaratory of the common law in cases where this constitutional right exists.
Upon immemorial usage then, and upon what is deemed a sound construction of the constitution and law of the land, the court is of opinion that any person charged with a crime in the courts of the United States has a right, before as well as after indictment, to the process of the court to compel the attendance of his witnesses. Much delay and much inconvenience may be avoided by this construction, no mischief which is perceived can be produced by it. The process would only issue when according to the ordinary course of proceeding the indictment would be tried at the term to which the subpoena is made returnable, so that it becomes incumbent on the accused to be ready for trial at that term.
This point being disposed of, it remains to enquire whether a subpoena duces tecum can be directed to the President of the United States, and whether it ought to be directed in this case.
This question originally consisted of two parts: It was at first doubted whether a subpoena could issue in any case to the chief magistrate of the nation; and if it could whether that subpoena could do more than direct his personal attendance; whether it could direct him to bring with him a paper which was to constitute the gist of his testimony.
While the argument was opening the attorney for the United States avowed his opinion that a general subpoena might issue to the President but not a subpoena duces tecum. This terminated the argument on that part of the question. The court, however, has thought it necessary to state briefly the foundation of its opinion that such a subpoena may issue.
In the provisions of the constitution and of the statute, which give to the accused a right to the compulsory process of the court, there is no exception whatever. The obligation therefore of those provisions is general; and it would seem that no person could claim an exemption from them, but one who would not be a witness. At any rate, if an exception to the general principle exists, it must be looked for in the law of evidence. The exceptions furnished by the law of evidence (with one only reservation) so far as they are personal, are of those only whose testimony could not be received. The single reservation alluded to is the case of the king. Altho' he may perhaps give testimony, it is said to be incompatible with his dignity to appear under the process of the court. Of the many points of difference which exist between the first Magistrate in England and the first Magistrate of the U. States, in respect of the personal dignity conferred on them by the constitution of their respective nations, the court will only select and mention two. It is a principle of the English constitution that the King can do no wrong, that no blame can be imputed to him, that he cannot be named in debate.
By the constitution of the United States the president, as well as every other officer of the government, may be impeached and may be removed from office on conviction of high crimes & misdemeanors.
By the constitution of Great Britain, the crown is hereditary and the monarch can never become a subject.
By that of the U. States, the president is elected from the mass of the people, & on the expiration of the time for which he is elected, returns to the mass of the people again.
(The remainder of Judge Marshall's opinion in our next.)

It is observable that, when the opinion was read from the bench, it contained an expression to the following purport:— "If this prosecution shall terminate, as it is expected and wished on the part of the U. States, in the conviction of Aaron Burr." After the Chief Justice had pronounced it, Mr. McRae said he hoped he had misunderstood a part of the opinion which he had just heard; he hoped the court was incapable of saying that the government of the United States wished the prosecution to terminate in the conviction of Aaron Burr; he denied this to be the wish of himself, and believed that it was not the wish of the gentlemen with whom he had the honor to act. If he had understood the court correctly, he hoped the expression was written inadvertently and accidentally; for nothing would wound his feelings more than that his Honor should believe it was their wish that Aaron Burr should be found guilty, at any rate, whether really guilty or innocent.
The Chief Justice answered that gentlemen had repeatedly declared their conviction that Aaron Burr was guilty. If so, they must wish him to be convicted.
Mr. McRae. Our declarations have been only as to our opinions concerning the evidence. The Chief Justice afterwards, before the court adjourned, declared that he had struck out of his opinion the expression that the United States wished Mr. Burr to be convicted; that he had done this to prevent its being misunderstood; for his meaning was not that they wished him to be convicted whether guilty or not; but that as the counsel believed him guilty, they must necessarily wish him to be convicted, if guilty.
On Monday last, Gen. Wilkinson was sworn as a witness, and sent to the Grand Jury.
The Federal Grand Jury have been engaged since Saturday last in the examination of the witnesses against Aaron Burr. Gen. Eaton was before the jury nearly the whole of Monday last. It is expected that the examination of the witnesses will occupy the Grand Jury for six or seven days longer.
COMMUNICATION.
DRAMATIC INTELLIGENCE.
The Drama under rehearsal at the Richmond Theatre, first reported to be a Farce , is now said to be of the new species of Melo Drama .
The arrival of Mr. Wilkinson, a performer of long standing, has excited much curiosity—the managers are sure of full houses for some time to come.
The engagement of Mr. Martin, from the Theatre at Baltimore, appears to have been made upon a supposition that the taste of the Richmond audience was for Low Comedy —from the reception of this actor, it appears that there was some mistake in this affair.
An arrival at New York from Bordeaux, and another at this port, from Hamburg, furnish the latest advices from the continent: they relate almost exclusively to affairs between the Turks and English. We have copied all the articles, of any interest.
The insolent and tyrannical demands of the British, at Constantinople, were treated with as little ceremony as those of Nelson were by the Danes—the fate of the latter, however, has not befallen the Turks; the British were compelled to make an expeditious retreat—This information is of much consequence.
The war, with Russia and England, seems to have put an end to intestine commotions, and the intelligence and activity of French officers direct the Turks in all the measures, which their enthusiasm has induced them to undertake; indeed they want nothing but able officers to render them very formidable to the Russians—their proverbial patience and obedience to command are among the best qualities for soldiers. The Dardanelles and other forts on the European and Asiatic shores of the Bosphorus, were put into a complete state of defence, under French officers. The probability is, that when the English shall have collected a strong fleet, an attempt will be made in conjunction with the Russians, to force a passage and to take the station abandoned on the 1st March—an enterprise, that would be inevitably attended with great loss, and which we think the ability of French engineers may totally frustrate.— Aurora .
Extracts from the inaugural Speech of JANE SULLIVAN, lately elected Governor of Massachusetts.
"Government, in its nature, is a concentration of public opinion to a certain form of public rule. This may be maintained in a despotism, by terror; but in a republic, it must be supported by an attachment of the people to their country. By public virtue. To produce this attachment the powers of the government must be exerted, to give equal advantages to all its subjects: not to create wealth, or exclusive privileges to any; but in securing to all, respectively, as far as it can be done by general laws, well executed, the enjoyment of the various gifts which God bestows upon them. For to use the language of our declaration of rights, "no man, or corporation, or association of men, have any other right to obtain advantages, distinct from those of the community, than what arises from the consideration of services, rendered to the public." Where the laws secure to every man the same privileges, to acquire and hold property, the wish to accumulate wealth, by fair means, and honest industry, is inseparable from patriotism. Enterprise and industry are in the class of public virtues because they are the unfailing source of wealth to a nation.
"A respect to the civil authority, a correct regard to the rights of others, and a ready obedience to the laws, confer, on a people, a dignity of character, which is intimately blended with the social virtues; and habitually becomes the strength of a civil community.
"Should any one be daring enough to suggest the idea, that the people of Massachusetts are not, in the enlightened situation God has bestowed upon them, under the advantages they are favored with, and the habits acquired from the manner of their education, competent to the support of a free government, by their suffrages, frequently exercised, such person ought to be restrained as a dangerous incendiary; because, it is as essentially wrong to speak, as to act treason. Every citizen has an unalienable right to express his opinion upon the administration of the government, and the conduct of his rulers. But there are certain primary principles, which constitute the leading, essential, distinguishing features of an elective republic. These
are to be treated with solemn reverence, and supported by a religious respect.
"When we contemplate the immeasurable shores we give to the sea; the vast extent of territory our National Dominion spreads itself over, we are obliged to confess the error of a reliance on a standing army, for an effective defence against the invasion of a foreign enemy. To preserve the forms of war, with the principles and feelings of military discipline, some regular troops are necessary; but our defence must remain with the militia. They are, a perpetual guard against internal commotions, an invincible power to shield a country against its external enemies. The soil must be protected by its owners. This description, includes all the people, because all have an equal right to acquire, and possess free simple estates. Impressed with these sentiments, the militia shall have my unceasing attention throughout the year.
"Peace with all the world, is the great object of our national councils; yet, if we would maintain so invaluable a blessing, we must be prepared to meet every hostile aggression, and to repel every invading insult. A dependence, on any other power for assistance, will, finally involve us in difficulties, from which, we cannot extricate ourselves, without great expense and danger. A treaty of alliance must open a wide door to the influence of a foreign nation; it would weaken the natural pillars of our national independence.
"Europe, as the illustrious Washington has told us, "has a set of primary interests, which to us, have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns." Those cautious sentiments have been carefully adopted by the present President. From the wisdom, frankness & moderation of his measures, under the favor of God, we remain the quiet spectators, of those waiting wars which the situation of European powers may have rendered expedient, or necessary amongst them; but by which they are deluged in blood and oppressed with expenses.
"Should a suitable proportion of our militia in the United States, be trained to a proper degree of discipline, and be properly armed, the first column of an invading enemy, might not be instantly repelled, yet the decisive appearance of victory would be soon exhibited on the standard of our nation. It is true, that the art of war, like other arts, is to be most perfectly learned from practice, and experience; but this is a bloody and an expensive method of acquiring knowledge. In a nation, where it is not received, as an established truth, that war is the natural state of man; in a country, where no invasion is to be expected, but from the error, or rashness, not from the interest of a foreign power, the art of war may be sufficiently cultivated, at a moderate expense, by Military Schools, and otherwise, in time of peace. Each state in the nation has the same interest in the discipline of the militia of the others, as it has in that of its own: and therefore, there can be no impropriety in contemplating this, as a subject of national concernment. Whether you, Gentlemen, will conceive it to be your duty, to use your influence with Congress, on an affair of such magnitude, as far, as it shall comport with the national and state constitutions, or whether, you will turn your attention to the militia of your own State alone, I cheerfully submit to your wisdom. But this I venture to affirm, that all neglect or delay in this business is, in compatible with the safety of the Country.
"No foreign power, will dare to invade our Country, in a project of conquest, unless the United States, like the ancient republics, by controversies and animosities, amongst themselves, shall furnish their enemies with the hope, as well as the means, of success. To preserve a union of interest, and sentiment, so absolutely necessary to our existence, as a nation, jealousies are to be laid aside, charity cherished, and a reciprocity of affection, and civility, to be exhibited. All the States must be the country of the citizens of each; and each State the Country of all. Our national union, glowing on the public opinion, is the best defence of our sovereignty; and those, who would check it there, would sever the root from whence the tree of liberty draws, in copious streams, its principal nourishment."
FROM THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN.
WHAT was long ago asserted by the friends of the administration with regard to Miranda, is now completely verified. On the trial of Sir Home Popham, Lord Melville, one of the witnesses, stated as follows:
"Soon after I came to the head of the Board of Admiralty, I had occasion to learn, that the administration preceding that of which I had formed a part, had communication with gen. Miranda relative to some projects he entertained relative to South America. I did not immediately give much attention to that subject, because, not being then at war with Spain, it did not occur to me how, consistently with that situation, the government of this country could take any active part. In the summer of 1804, and particularly towards the Autumn of that year, I had little doubt in my own mind, from the official information I had occasion to receive at the Board of Admiralty, and from the communication with the heads of other public departments, I had little doubt that such a war must soon take place. I therefore thought it my duty to see Sir Evan Nepean, Sir H. Popham and others, who, I had reason to think, were acquainted with the particulars which had passed under former administrations, to inform myself more immediately relative to the views and projects of gen. Miranda. I likewise had more than one confidential conversation with gen. Miranda himself. The result was, an opinion, that although it might not be wise or expedient, or perhaps within the means of this country at that time to commit themselves fully to the extent of this project, it was of the utmost importance to the interests of this country so far to watch the progress of his operations, and to make use of them, if they could be made subservient to the purpose of opening the South American market to the trade and manufactures of this country; and upon that principle I had, as on every other public subject, almost daily communication, both in town and at Wimbledon, with Mr. Pitt, at the time of the government with which I was conversant. The subject was more familiar to my consideration, because for many years past, particularly in 1796, I had occasion to consider it very maturely, with a view of preparing, in concert with the then Board of Admiralty, operations against South America on a very extensive scale. I was at that time, secretary of state for the war department."
"It occurs to me at this moment, as not improbable, that the coast of South America, in the vicinity of Trinidad, was pro-
bably at one time looked upon as a probable scene of operations."
Here, then, is evidence upon oath, that the administration of the British government had concerted with Miranda the scheme for attacking South America; and that the "coast of South America, in the vicinity of Trinidad, was to be the scene of operations." Yet, they considered it ine expedient to "commit themselves fully" in the affair at the time. Now, what can possibly explain the operations and mysterious conduct of Miranda more completely than this testimony? What can more clearly point out the cause of Miranda's having bills of credit when he arrived at New York on certain persons friendly to the British government? What more particular exposition need there be required of the cause of secrecy on the part of Miranda in the preparation of his enterprise? It was not " expedient " for the British government " to commit themselves fully " and the government of the United States were to be kept in the dark for fear of detection and discomfiture. But it was deemed necessary by the British administration " to watch the progress of Miranda's operations and to make use of them ." Hence they furnished him with money—they winked at his movements in the West Indies, and promoted and countenanced him after the defeat of his project. And was not "the coast of South America, in the vicinity of Trinidad" the very "scene of his operations," agreeably to the testimony of Lord Melville? What can be more full, more explicit, more decided? Lord Melville goes further than to say that the administration of Great Britain concerted the scheme with Miranda: They actually appointed Sir Home Popham to a ship in order to co-operate with him—Hear what the noble lord says—
"I believe Sir H. Popham was appointed to that ship with the view of co-operating with gen. Miranda, to the extent of taking advantage of any of his proceedings which might tend to our obtaining a position on the continent of South America, favorable to the trade of this country, but I do not recollect any specific place being fixed upon."
And when the question was pushed home to him by a precise interrogation, Lord Melville poignantly confirmed it—
"Q. Your lordship has said you had many confidential conversations with respect to general Miranda's plans and views and that the result of those conversations was, an opinion that, although it might not be wise or essential, or perhaps within the means of this country, at that time, to commit themselves fully to the extent of his projects, it was of the utmost importance to the interests of this country, so far to watch the progress of his operation, as to make use of them, if they could be made subservient to the purpose of opening the South American market to the trade and manufactures of this country; was that the object your lordship had in view at that time, when you appointed Sir Home Popham to the Diadem; and did your lordship continue to entertain the same objects, to the same extent only, during the remainder of the time you presided at the admiralty?"
"A. It was with a view, mentioned in the question, that I appointed Sir Home Popham to the Diadem, and I do not recollect that during the period afterwards while I remained at the admiralty, government had in contemplation any plan upon a more extensive scale."
If after this, any doubt could exist, the following question put by Sir Home himself, with the answer of Lord Melville, must completely silence it—
"Q. Does your lordship recollect directing me to attend Mr. Pitt, at Wimbledon, some time in the month of October 1801, when there was nobody present but your lordship and Mr. Pitt, to explain all general Miranda's views, and discuss the objects to which he was anxious to call the attention of ministers?"
"A. I remember perfectly such conversation having taken place, but I cannot charge my memory with the particular month—I recollect perfectly well having received a memoir, being very glad to know the full extent of general Miranda's views."
Where now are those American citizens who, being acquainted with Miranda's resources and whole scheme, could yet be base enough to lend their aid to embroil their own country with Spain, in order to serve the views of Great Britain! If there were a drop of honest blood in their veins, it would rush to their faces and color their cheeks with the blushes of shame. But they have none of the compound character about them; they are so far gone in turpitude that such detection and exposure merely serve to anger them. Let them chafe, then, whine, scorn, and pity with contemptuous finger, point at them as examples of infamy to be avoided by the rest of their fellow-countrymen.
OF USEFUL CITIZENS.
The following is a letter from Thomas Paine to the late Henry Laurens of South Carolina, one of the presidents of the old congress. As the ideas in it correspond with Duane's Politics for Formers and Mechanics and may be useful, we have Mr. Paine's consent to publish it.
(Pub. Adv.)
"As we are forming government one new system, that of representation, I will give you my thoughts on the various classes and merits of men in society so far as relates to each other."
The first useful class of citizens are the farmers and cultivators. These may be called citizens of the first necessity, because every thing comes originally from the earth.
After these follow the various orders of manufacturers and mechanics of every kind. These differ from the first class in this particular, that they contribute to the accommodation rather than to the first necessities of life.
Next follow those called merchants and shopkeepers. These are convenient but not important. They produce nothing themselves as the two first classes do, but employ their time in exchanging one thing for another and living by the profits.
Perhaps you will say that in this classification of citizens I have marked no place for myself; that I am neither farmer, mechanic, merchant nor shopkeeper. I believe, however, I am of the first class. I am a farmer of thoughts, and all the crops I raise I give away. I please myself with making you a present of the thoughts in this letter."
FREDERICK-TOWN, (Mar.) June 11.
SAMUEL FAIRLAMB, who has been advertised in the Richmond Impartial Observer , as having been detected in instigating the negroes to revolt and massacre, passed through this place a few days since, on his return to Marietta. From our knowledge of Mr. Fairlamb, we do not believe him capable of the attempts with which he is charged; but think it much more probable that he has been the dupe of machination, and that his opponent has proceeded from such cause. Mr. F. is editor of a newspaper at Marietta, and was one of the witnesses for the United States on the trial of Col. Burr.
CUSTOM-HOUSE—RICHMOND.
ENTERED.
Sch't Adventure, Fowler, Philadelphia. Swan, Chi dress, Petersburg. Sloop Resolution, Gray, Norfolk. Sch't Mary Ann, Luce, Boston. Sloop Little Jim, Godwin, Norfolk. Sch't Swift, Lawrence, Ditto.
CLEARED.
Sch't Rebecca, Tyler, Baltimore. Sloop Betsey, Dunnington, Philadelphia. Dolphin, Chambers, Ditto. Two Sisters, Mackey, Marcushook. Sch't Ann, Travers, Philadelphia. Sea, Hewer, New-York. Louisa Adeline, Lyons, Philadelphia. Roby, Burr, Boston. Packett, Smith, Ditto. Adventure, Town, Philadelphia. Sloop Colodon, Weglom, New-York.
Tobacco Land for Sale.
IN Amherst county, on Horsley's creek, 1 509 acres of rich TOBACCO LAND, formerly the property of Mr. Daniel Warwick, and known by the name of WINCANTON. This land has the advantage of lying on the main road leading from Amherst courthouse to Waugh's ferry on James river, is a valuable stand for a country store, with a framed house for that purpose, and sufficiently large, leaving two rooms below and two above stairs, with a good brick chimney, and well underpinned with brick; also a lumber-house sixteen feet square, with a cellar of its full size, walled up with stone: there is also a Taylor and Saddler's shop and other out houses; likewise a tolerable good dwelling-house, with three rooms below and two above stairs, a kitchen, dairy and other out houses within a mile of the store, suitable for a private family.
This tract of land is only seven miles from Bethel, where there is an inspection of tobacco, and within eighteen miles of Lynchburg.
As it is presumed no person will be inclined to purchase without viewing the premises, they will be shown by Messrs. Taliaferros & Loving, who live within a few miles of Wincanton, and are fully empowered to make sale, and the terms of payment may be known from them, as also on application to
THOMAS GILLIAT. Richmond, June 15th, 1807. tds
The above tract of land and improvements will be offered for sale at Amherst Courthouse on Monday the 17th day of August next (being court day) on a credit of one, two and three years if punctually paid, if not to carry interest from the day of sale.
A deed of trust will be required on the premises, or satisfactory security for punctual payment.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to me by William Wood of B. I., I shall proceed to sell at public sale, on the first Monday in July next, at the front door of the Tavern of Triplett T. Estes, in Charlottesville, for ready cash, TWO SLAVES, Bob and Jack, for the purposes in the deed mentioned.
JAS. BARBOUR, Trustee. May 4th, 1807. 2
STRAYED OR STOLEN.
FROM the commons of this city on the 12th inst. a SORREL HORSE, with a flaxen mane and tail, aged 7 years this spring, about 15 hands high, his marks as well as remembered, are his hind and one of his fore feet white, a blaze or star in his forehead, some saddle spots, and had his tail broken in the operation of nicking. He paces, trots and canters pleasantly, and has been lately broke to run in a chaise. I am induced to believe he is stolen, if so, will give a reward of 50 dollars upon conviction of the thief; but if strayed, will reward any person liberally for such information as will secure him again.
EDWARD W. TRENT. Richmond, 17th June, 1807. wtf
FOR SALE.
BY virtue of a deed in trust executed to the subscriber by Goodman Barksdale, to secure the payment of a debt to William Galt, will be exposed to Sale, at Public Auction, for ready money, on Monday the sixth day of July next, being Albemarle court day, at Triplett T. Estes's, Charlottesville.
A Tract of Land,
Lying in the county of Albemarle, containing one hundred and twelve acres and a half, being the same land the said Goodman Barksdale purchased of Douglas Barksdale—also two Negro Girls, Maria and Mourning, or so much of the aforesaid property as will be sufficient to discharge the debt, interest and cost aforesaid. Acting as trustee for others, will only convey title vested in me as such.
DAVID ANDERSON, Trustee. Milton, 6th June, 1807. 3w
Sales at Auction.
ON Wednesday the 24th instant, will be SOLD, positively without reserve, about eight thousand dollars worth of fresh imported
DRY GOODS,
Consisting of Callicoes and Chintz, white and black Cambricks, ladies' fine cotton Hose, fine cotton Shirting, Irish Sheetings, Bandanna and Madras Handkfs., Brown Platillas, German Dowlas, Cotton Caemers, Chambray Muslins and Ginghams, Furniture Callicoes, Germantown Prints, colored Cambricks, elegant worked Shawls, 6-4 Cambrick and other Dimity, silk and cotton Umbrellas, &c.
A few Bales of Sannabs, Baftas & Cossas. 1 Bale of Gillis Handkfs. and a variety of other articles.
Terms of sale—all sums of $ 100 and under, cash; between $ 100 and $ 300, 90 days; over $ 300, 6 months credit will be given.
Notes negotiable at the Bank with approved endorsers will be required.
DAKMSDATY, FOSTER & SANCHELL, Auc'rs. Richmond, 15th June, 1807. tds
"DANGERS of the COUNTRY,"
By the author of "WAR IN DISGUISE."
A few copies of this interesting pamphlet are for sale at the Argus Office. 6t
NOTICE is hereby given, that on Friday the 10th of July next, WILL BE SOLD, AT PUBLIC AUCTION, the Household Furniture, Horses, Cows, Sheep and Hogs, of the estate of William McCall, dec. at the plantation of the deceased, in Hanover county. Credit of six months, with bond and security for all sums exceeding ten dollars, will be given.
NOTICE is likewise given to those owing the estate to make immediate payment; and those having claims against the estate to bring them forward for settlement.
JOHN McCAUL, } Adm'rs. EVAN FRANCIS, } Hanover, 14th June, 1807. 3t
Ten Dollars Reward.
RUN AWAY from the Subscriber, on the 28th of April, a Negro MAN JOE, and Woman named FANNY, but called by the black people FANNY KENNY, which eloped on the 11th of June. The man is a bright mulatto, about 28 years of age, straight and well built, and has a very brisk walk, and is a very handy, sensible fellow—about 5 feet, 8 or 10 inches high—The woman is so light, that hardly any person would take her to be a slave—She has blue eyes and straight sandy colored hair, and if her skin was well kept, she would be taken for a white woman—her right forefinger is off at the first joint, and has a large scar on her left arm, occasioned by a burn, and has a very brisk walk, about 20 years of age, and had on when she went away, a white Virginia Habit, and as they are Brother and Sister, it is likely they will get together, change their names, and pass as free people. Any person that will deliver them to the Subscriber, in Hanover county, or secure them in any Jail, so that I get them again, shall receive the above reward.
BENJAMIN BOWLES. June 13, 1807. N. B. I forewarn all owners or masters of vessels from carrying them off.
Messrs. Robert King and Charles Crough-ton and Robert King, James Thompson and Thomas Ravenhill, John Edie, Conrad Lamb and William Davidson, executors of James Short, deceased.
TAKE NOTICE.
THAT I shall, on the eighteenth day of July next, 1807, proceed to take the deposition of Howard Bennett and others, at the Tavern kept in the town of Lynchburg by Mr. Ward, between the hours of ten in the morning and sun set, to be read as evidence in two suits now depending in the Chancery Court for the Richmond District, in which I am plaintiff and you are the defendants.
ROBERT H. ROSE. June 2th, 1807. 4w
TO BE SOLD,
For ready money, at Public Auction, on the premises, on the 10th day of July next, The Tract of Land & Plantation,
IN the county of Henrico, whereon James Allen now resides, containing by estimation three hundred acres, be the same more or less—By virtue of a deed of trust executed by the said Allen to the subscribers to secure the payment of a sum of money therein expressed, due to Nathaniel Wilkinson, or so much thereof as shall be sufficient to discharge the debt and expense of the trust aforesaid. On the land is a general dwelling and other necessary out houses, with an apple and peach orchard of the choicest fruit now in high perfection. The said plantation is a desirable situation, lying on the north branch of the Brook, about eight miles from the city of Richmond. Any person wishing to purchase the said land ought to view the premises before the day of sale, which will actually take place on the above recited day, between the hours of 12 and 5 o'clock.
PETER WILKINSON } Trustees. WATSON PATON. } June 15th, 1807. 10jy
NOTICE,
TO all persons having claims against the estate of William Powers, dec. to bring them forward well proven by the last day of November; all that come in after that time will be paid in bar.
MAJOR POWERS, Adm'r. of William Powers, dec. June 1st, 1807. w3t
ATTENTION!
THE members of the Richmond Cavalry are requested to meet at their usual parade ground near Mr. Adam Craig's, on Wednesday the 17th of the present month at half past three o'clock, P. M. completely equipped.
By order of the Captain. BENJAMIN MOSBY, Sergt. Richmond June 10
Foolscap & Letter Paper
For sale at this office.

MATTRESSES. CAN be had on very short notice. MAT- TRESSES of all sizes & kinds, agreeably to order, in the large corner white house, oppo- site the Old Guy Tavern, two squares below the Market Bridge—BEDS made & MATTRES- SES repaired.—Ilvres TAILS & MANES purchased. Ino. S. PLEASANTS.
FOR SALE.  My tract of Land, In Powhatan county, containing between nine hundred and a thousand acres, and lying within two miles of the courthouse, and on both sides of Fine creek. This tract of land would be sold entire, otherwise laid off in lots to suit purchasers. Any persons inclined to purchase, it is expected will first view the premises—any further des- cription is deemed unnecessary. For terms apply to the subscriber, living on the premises. SAM. BASKERVILLE. Powhatan, Jan. 4th, 1807. tf
Advantageous Establish- ment.
THE subscriber, because of circumstan- ces which have lately occurred in his family, wishes to admit a partner in the bus- iness of the Henrico Gun-Powder Works, about a mile and a half from Rocketts, or to sell his rights in the same: Said works are so nearly completed, that they will soon be in operation, and the manufac- turer who is engaged to manage the making of the powder, understands the whole art so as to make it equal to any imported. None need apply for a share who cannot advance soon $1000, and employ their re- sources in the course of the business; there is a fair prospect that said works will be a very advantageous establishment; for fur- ther particulars apply to HUGH WARDEN. Richmond, 1st May, 1807. tf
Valuable Property FOR SALE.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to us by Peter F. Archer, for the ben- efit of John G. Jefferson, WILL BE SOLD FOR CASH, on the premises, in the coun- ty of Amelia, on the 10th day of July next, a
Valuable Tract of Land
Called Fox-Harbour, containing by esti- mation above 650 acres, lying on both sides of the road leading from Pridesville to Bevil's Bridge. Also the following SLAVES or such of them as can be had, Simon, Dilsey and her three children, Leonard, Sam, Phill, Sukey and her three children, Davy, Sa- rina and her two children, Phoebe and her two children, Joe, Tom, Bristol, Murrer and her three children, or so much of the said property as shall be suf- ficient to satisfy the purposes of the said deed of trust. The sale will continue from day to day till it is completed. A minute description of the land is thought unneces- sary, as it is imagined that those inclined to purchase will view it and judge for themselves. JOSHUA CHAFFIN, } Trustees. WILLIAM CASSELLS, } WILLIAM BENTLEY, } May 28, 1807. tds
TO RENT,  A Neat House,
IN the Falling Garden, sufficiently large to accommodate a moderate sized family, either by itself or with the following pro- fitable property, to wit:—An ice-house 20 feet by 18 and about 18 deep, well filled and pounded down with good clean ice— a bath-house, which if well attended to will yield a handsome profit; and also may be accommodated with a small or large part of a garden. The above property will be rented either for the season, say six months, or for a longer time, and possession given immedi- ately. Good security will be required for the rent. Enquire of JAMES DOWNES, on the premises. 3d mo. 16th, 1807. tf
FOR SALE, SEVEN HUNDRED ACRES OF FIRST RATE SOUTH WEST
MOUNTAIN LAND,
FORMERLY a part of the estate of the late Col. James Madison, and lying in Orange county, within forty-five miles of Fredericksburg, and seventy-five of Rich- mond. The above tract of land is general- ly considered the best tract of high land in the country for tobacco, corn and wheat, and will produce from ten to fifteen bushels of wheat to the acre without manure or any other aid. There is a sufficiency of mead- ow land on it, and most of it reclaimed. It is under good fences, and in the course of the year I shall put on it a tolerable dwelling house and an excellent barn three stories high, with a stable in the lower one, with a wheat machine on the Scotch model. Another tract of LAND, lying in Am- herst county, on Harris's creek, within six miles of Lynchburg, and containing five hundred and five acres, being part of a tract formerly belonging to Col. Hugh Rose, dec. This tract is considered of equal quality to any land in a neighborhood generally es- teemed the best soil for tobacco in Amherst. Any person inclined to purchase the land in Orange, will apply to the subscriber re- siding on the premises; and for the land in Amherst, to G. A. Rose, of Lynchburg, or to Mr. Landon Cabell, of Amherst. Ne- groes (in families) will be taken in ex- change for either or both of the above tracts of land. ROBERT H. ROSE. Orange, April 8th, 1807. 3m
Lesueur & Saunders
Are now receiving and will constantly keep a large supply of  Bar-Iron & Castings, Of superior quality. Feb. 2d, 1807. tf
SHOES. THE subscribers, under the firm of J. W. DENNIS & Co. have just received from the northward, a large supply of SHOES, which they warrant newly made, and of the best materials, viz: Gentlemen's superfine Shoes. do. fine do. Negroes coarse do. Ladies' and Misses' leather Slips and Brunsricks. Boys' and Children's Shoes. Ladies' & Misses' Kid } assorted colors. & Morocco Slips with } and without heels. Children's Morocco Shoes, do. Together with a general assortment of GROCERIES and fashionable BON- NETS, all of which they offer at a re- duced price for cash, produce or accep- tances in town. J. W. DENNIS, BENJAMIN DENNIS. Richmond, April 23, 1807. tf
Notice.
THE Debtors to the late firm of GIL- LIAT & KIRBY are hereby informed, that Thomas Gilliat alone is em- powered to receive payment of the debts due to that concern. All persons having de- mands against them are requested to apply to Thomas Gilliat, and those indebted to the firm are earnestly requested to come forward without delay, and discharge their respective debts. For JOHN GILLIAT & SELF. THOMAS GILLIAT. JAMES KIRBY. Richmond, 25th May, 1807. 3m
ROBERT McDOWELL,
RESPECTFULLY informs the public that he continues to keep entertain- ment at the Red House in Jennings' Gap, sign of the Spread Eagle, situated in the forks of two roads, 12 miles from Staunton and 21 miles from Harrisonburg, leading directly to the different Mineral Springs in the back country. His house is large and airy, with plenty of lodging rooms, well furnished with good Beds. Liquors of the best quality. Also good Stables, to hold upwards of thirty horses, well furnished with Hay and Grain, and an excellent Host- ler, &c. He flatters himself by his assidui- ty to please to give general satisfaction to those who call on him. May 11th, 1807. 6w
FOR SALE,
Opposite Colonel Mayo's new Buildings, 4th, 3rd and 2nd proof Antigua Rum in hlds. of the crop 1805—Imported early 1806 New England Rum in hlds. and barrels 1 pipe very Superior Holland's Gin Rye Whiskey in barrels Loaf and Brown Sugar in Ditto Coffee by the barrel or bag Beef and Pork in barrels Irish Potatoes in ditto, suitable for table or planting Potomac Shad and Herrings, Stone Lime in large and small casks. And a general assortment of GROCE- RIES, &c. &c.—which will be sold low for Cash, good paper, or exchanged for country produce, by JOB GREENE. Richmond, 27th May, 1807.
The subscribers having purchased the  Stock of Dry Goods
OF GILLIAT & KIRBY, and taken the store lately occupied by them, will carry on the business under the firm of KIRBY, DRAKE & TAYLOR. They will sell low for CASH or on a short CREDIT to punctual customers. JAMES KIRBY. RIVERS DRAKE. EDM. TAYLOR, jr. May 29.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed by the subscribers by John Henderson of the county of Albemarle, to secure the pay- ment of certain debts therein mentioned and for other purposes, we shall expose to sale, by Public Auction, for ready money, before the door of the Tavern of Mr. Trip- lett T. Estes, in the town of Charlottesville and county of Albemarle, on the first Mon- day in July next, being Albemarle court day, John Henderson's interest in the fol- lowing property, to wit:
One certain tract or parcel of LAND, on the waters of Hardaway river in the said county, containing by survey six hundred and sixty-six acres, adjoining the lands of Christopher Hudson, Henry Copeland and others.—Also, about six acres of LAND, in or near the town of Milton, on which there is a valuable mill-seat—Also, an un- divided interest in LOTS in the said town of Milton, his proportion being five lots— Also, the life estate of Mrs. Elizabeth Hen- derson in and to the LAND and HOUSES near Milton, at present occupied by Mr. Thomas E. Randolph—Also, 2,000 acres of LAND on Taylor's creek in the counties of Jefferson or Scott in the state of Kentuc- ky—Also, the interest of Hill Carter under the Will of Edward Carter, deceased, to certain LANDS in the state aforesaid, which interest the said Henderson purchas- ed of the said Hill Carter—Also, the inter- est of the said John Henderson as distribu- tee of his father Bennett Henderson, dec. in and to a certain tract of LAND in the county of Scott and state aforesaid, suppos- ed to be four hundred acres—Also, the like interest in and to certain LOTS in the town of Milton—Also, one BAY HORSE—Also, a BOND executed by James L. Henderson to said John, for the title to certain lands in the state of Kentuc- ky. As the residue of the money arising from the sale of the above-mentioned pro- perty is to be paid over by us to the proper creditors of John Henderson, authorised to receive the same, it would be to the inter- est of those creditors to attend the sale and force the property to its proper value— Acting as trustees, we shall only convey the title to the above property vested in us as such. James Lewis, } Trustees. Matthew Henderson, } June 9, 1807. 3w
PRICES OF  Nails, Brads & Sprigs, MANUFACTURED at the Penitenti- ary, and for sale by NICHOLAS HALLAM, agent for the Commonwealth, a few doors above the Swan Tavern, Rich- mond. CUT NAILS. Wholesale. Retail. 3d. 12 1-2 cents. 13 1-2 cents per pound. 4d. 11 1-2 12 1-2 6d. 10 1-2 11 1-2 8d. 10 11 10d. 9 1-2 10 1-2 12d. 9 1-2 10 1-2 20d. 9 1-2 10 1-2 CUT BRADS. 8d. 9 1-2 10 1-2 10d. 9 10 12d. 9 10 20d. 9 10 WROUGHT NAILS. 6d. 12 13 8d. 11 1-2 12 1-2 10d. 11 12 12d. 11 12 20d. 11 12 30d. 11 12 Spikes of all sizes the same price as 30d nails. CUT SPRIGS. 3d.—50 cents per thousand—4d. 67 cents per thousand—6d. 84 cents per thousand. Also, for sale as above, a variety of Plantation Utensils, such as Plough-irons, Harrow-teeth, Axes, Wedges, Chains, &c.
SHOES
Of all sizes made of the best materials, may be had on the most reasonable terms. Where also may be had a general assort- ment of well chosen GROCERIES. May 13, 1807. tf
Notice.
ALL persons are forewarned from using or taking Sand from the Sand-Bar, called Coutts', without the previous con- sent of the subscribers, who are alone au- thorised to sell or appropriate the same. For the convenience of those who incline to purchase, we have authorised Mrs. Coutts to act. Any sale or contract which she may make will be ratified by us. Samuel M'Craw, } Trustees. Pleasant Younghusband, } Richmond, 20th Feb. 1807.
HARDWARE, IRONMONGERY and CUTLERY STORE.
BREAM & FOLLET,
AT the sign of the Anvil, Main Street, Richmond, have received by the la- test arrivals from England, a large and general assortment of Hardware, Iron- mongery and Cutlery, which they will sell by wholesale or retail, low for cash, or on a short credit, for approved security; amongst which are— Waldrons of prime Corn & Grass Scythes; Sickles, Weeding Hoes, Garden Hoes and Rakes; Spades & Shovels; Trace Chains, Black-Smith's Bellows, Anvils, Bick Irons, Sledge and Hand Hammers; Vises, Screw- Plates, Files and Rasps, Carpenter's Join- er's, Cooper's, Currier's, Saddler's, Sil- ver Smith's, Watch Maker's and Shoe Maker's Tools; Locks, Hinges, Nails, Brads, Tacks, Screws, Brass Mounting for Cabinet Makers, Steelyards, Scale Beams and Weights; Tea Kettles, Skillets and Spiders; Pots and Kettles; Bell Me- tal Kettles and Skillets; House Bells. Grid Irons, Frying Pans, Waffle and Wafer Irons; Smoothing Irons, Block Tin Coffee Pots, Britannia Metal Tea Pots, Britannia Metal Table and Tea Spoons; Coffee and Corn Mills; Knives and Forks; Pen and Jack Knives; Scissors, Razors, Razor Cas- es and Shaving Boxes; Ivory and Horn Combs; Curling Tongs, Razor Hones. Glazier's Diamonds, a few dozen of elegant silver mounted and plain green and white handled Table and Desert Knives and Forks; Table Steels, Butcher's Steels and Knives; Brass and Iron Wire; Tin in Boxes, Sheet Iron, Sheet and Bar Lead; Patent shot, Gun Locks, Flints, Bear, Wolf and Fox Traps; Screws and Bails for rais- ing mill Stones, Mill Gudgeons and Inks; German Steel, Marbles, Nova Scotia Grind Stones, Window Glass, with a great variety of other articles in the above line, too tedious to enumerate; of which a con- stant supply will be kept, and sold on terms worthy the attention of those who wish to purchase. Also for sale 50 kegs FF Gun Powder, 15 Barrels Liver Oil, Bolting Cloths, Glue, and a general assortment of Brushes. Richmond, 21st May, 1807. 4w
NOTICE.
MESSRS. Robert King and Charles Croughton and Robert King, James Thompson and Thomas Ravenhill, John Edie, Conrad Laub and William Davidson, Executors of James Short, deceased—Take notice, that I shall proceed to take the fol- lowing depositions at the times and places hereafter mentioned, to be read as evidence in two suits now depending in the Chanc- ery Court for the Richmond District, in which suits I am plaintiff and you are the defendants, to wit, at the tavern of Mr. Norris, at Fauquier courthouse, on the 30th day of June in the year 1807, between the hour of ten in the morning and sun-set of the same day, I shall take the depositions of Mr. John Love and Mr. Josiah Watson, sr. and others. At the tavern of Paul Ver- dier, at Orange courthouse, on the 6th day of July, 1807, between the hour of ten in the morning and sun-set of the same day, I shall take the deposition of Charles Noel and others. On the thirteenth of July, 1807, between the hour of ten in the morning and sun-set of the same day, I shall take the deposition of John M. Rose at his dwelling house in the county of Buckingham, and on the 20th day of July, 1807, between the hour of ten in the morning and sun-set of the same day, in Brunswick courthouse, I shall take the deposition of Abner Newman and others. ROBERT H. ROSE. Richmond, June 1st, 1807. 4w
A FRESH SUPPLY OF
Church's Cough Drops Is just received from the Proprietor's Dispens- ary New-York, and for sale at this office.
Patent Iron-bound Boots, Bootees, and Shoes.
JOHN BEDFORD,
PHILADELPHIA,
RESPECTFULLY informs the public in general, and Store-keepers in par- ticular, that he is now prepared to supply them with the above valuable goods, whole- sale and retail, on moderate terms. Shoemakers, also, may be supplied with patent-rights, on easy terms, which they will find it highly their interest to obtain, as they can, by this improvement, make four times the quantity of shoes, with their usual number of hands: for example, the usual work of three men, is only three pair of common shoes per day; whereas, in the improved way, three men, with the assis- tance of a boy, can make from twelve to fifteen pair per day. Thus the advan- tages resulting from this improvement, are evidently of the most essential importance: in the first place, three-fourths of the la- bor is saved: in the second place, half the leather is saved, (for one pair of shoes, made in this way, will wear as long as two pair, made in the usual way) and, in the third place, there is a saving of flux (at the rate of one pound, to twenty-four pair of shoes) they are also much more water- proof than the others, and easier mended. These are well ascertained facts, proved by actual experience. The patentee therefore hopes, that an improvement, fraught with such important public utility, will not only engage the attention, but the encouragement of every friend to the in- fant manufactures of this country. It may not be amiss to remark, that the country Shoemaker, in particular, may derive in- calculable advantages from this improve- ment, as he can supply his customers in one-fourth of the time he has usually de- voted to that purpose, and have the other three-fourths for the cultivation of his farm, or other avocations. Price of patent-rights, for the country, 100 dollars. For states, districts or towns, in proportion. Applications may be made to the Patentee, or to Mr. Jacob Harrison, Richmond. 3m Feb 12, 1807.
FOR SALE,
MY LANDS in Cumberland county, lying on Appomattox river, joining the lands of Messrs. William & George Skip- with; this Land is equal if not superior to any Land in Cumberland county, off James river, it contains 607 acres, one half of which is covered with fine timber of ev- ery description. There is on this land a decent DWELLING HOUSE, and be- tween four and five hundred bearing ap- ple trees of choice fruit. One third of the money will be expected when a title is made, the other two thirds may be divid- ed into two annual payments. Mr. Jerman Baker or Mr. William Skipwith will shew the land to any person willing to become a purchaser. FRANCIS EPPES. Chesterfield, June 3, 1807. 4w
Twenty five Dollars Reward
RUN AWAY from the Subscriber living near New-Castle in the lower end of this county, on the 27th of March last, a Negro Man
BILL T,
About 50 years of age, and about 5 feet 6 or 7 inches high; he is of rather delicate form, a little inclined to a yellowish com- plexion, and considerably marked in the face with the small pox; his hair rather inclined to be bushy, tho' not very long: He is a fellow of good understanding, a well informed mind, and very specious in- sinuating manner; he speaks rather quick and pert, and has a disposition to be very polite: He no doubt, will attempt to change his appearance, by altering his name, changing his hair for a wig, &c.—He is pretty well known in most parts of this state, as well as in the Carolinas and Georgia, as the waiting man and fiddler of Mr. Nicholas M. Johnson, of whom I pur- chased him—His wife lives in Richmond, where he has frequently been since his elopement; and he has also been a part of his time in Petersburg; and his wife has a daughter a free woman living in Norfolk, where it is probable he has been also— Tho' having so general an acquaintance, there is no knowing where he will keep himself. I will give the above reward to any per- son who will deliver the said runaway to me, in Hanover. P. STREET. Hanover, May 31, 1807. tf
WILL BE SOLD.
AT Public Auction, at the Eagle Ta- vern, in the City of Richmond, on Thursday the 2nd day of July next, if fair, if not the next fair day thereafter, a valu- able TRACT of
LAND,
Containing 160 acres more or less, lying in the lower end of the County of Louisa, whereon Thomas Wash now resides, and adjoining the lands of Messrs. John S. Smith, Joseph Eggleston and Henry Dick- inson. Six Months credit will be allowed the purchaser, on his giving a Note negotiable in the Bank of Virginia with an approved endorser or endorser, and a deed of trust on the property to secure the payment of said note. TAYLOR & BROWN, Trustees for the Creditors of Mr. Geo. Greenhow. Richmond, June 2, 1807.
POSTPONEMENT.
THE Sale of Col. Quarrier's Square of Ground, advertised by us, for sale, on the 10th inst. is postponed until Saturday the 20th inst. when it will certainly take place. TAYLOR & BROWN, v. m. June 8, 1807.
WHEAT FANS,
For Sale by
SAMUEL PARSONS & SON. June 8. 2w
NOTICE.
THE Co-partnership of MORRIS & SEAY, being dissolved by mutual con- sent, it is earnestly requested of those in- debted to the said concern, to settle their accounts as soon as possible, with Ber- nard, Seay & Co. or John Morris. Thos. who have claims are requested to bring them forward immediately, & lodge them with Bernard, Seay & Co. that provision may be made to discharge them. John Morris. Bernard, Seay, Co. w3t May 25, 1807.
W. WARDLAW,
HAS received by the Rolla from London, a general assortment of
MEDICINES,
Patent Medicines, Family Medicine chests, Mephitis Air Machines, and Surgeon's In- struments, viz:— Amputating Instru- ments Trepansning female Cupping Syringes do. do. Couching Bougie's elastic & Ditto with Sir John common Earl's improve- Flesh Brushes ments Teeth do. assorted Midwifery Surgeon's Needles Surgeon's pocket Gum Lancets cases Seal Pills Ditto half cases Trusses Instruments for Thumb and Spring cleaning the teeth Lancets Extracting ditto in Forniquets cases Trocars single and Dissecting Instru- in cases. Patent Medicines. Steer's Opodelcol Cague and Fever Church's Cough Drops Drops Greenough's Tinc- Essence of Mustard ture German Corn Plas- Rawson's Bitters ter Norris's Fever Drops Pills Pills Balsam of Honey Hamilton's Worm Jesuit's Drops Lozenges Walton's Antiphlogis- Ching's ditto Tincture ders, &c.
With a general assortment of the old patent Medicines—He has also the follow- ing New MEDICINES, which have been lately introduced into the practice:—Es- sential Salt of Bark, Præcipitate of Iron, Licken Islandicus—He expects shortly a large supply of Shop Furniture and Vials from London and Liverpool. June 9, 1807. w4t
IN COUNCIL,
April 16, 1807.
FOR the information of those persons who are entitled to lands in that part of the state of Ohio reserved by the legislature of Virginia, in their act of cession, for satisfying bounties due to the officers and soldiers of the Virginia line, on continental establishment; It is advised, that so much of the act of the last session of Congress as relates to the granting of further time for lo- cating those warrants, be published by the prin- ter for the commonwealth, at least once a week in his paper for three months; and also once a week for two weeks in all the other newspapers, published in Virginia and in the district of Co- lumbia. It is also advised, that the rules adopted by the executive in relation to the evidence to be adduc- ed by claimants for military land warrants, and to the amount of allowances to be made them in certain cases be in like manner and for the ab- ove period, published in the said papers—which rules are as follows:— In all cases where a certificate of military ser- vices is adduced as evidence of a claim for land bounty, the signature of the person certifying must be authenticated by his acknowledgment before some magistrate, or by the affidavits of two witnesses, at least; and where a certificate of the same nature is granted by a person not a commandant of a corps, the same must be ver- ified by the affidavit of such person, accompanied by a certificate of his credibility from the court of the county or corporation in which he resides, or from some magistrate thereof. 2d. Any officer or soldier who has served for a longer period than six years, is entitled to ad- ditional land bounty in proportion to the time which he may have served beyond the six years, although the said additional service may fall short of or exceed one year. Extract from the Journals of Council. DANIEL L. HYLTUN, Clerk of the Council.