The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-11-17 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM...payable in advance.
NUMBER 56.]
SATURDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 17, 1804.
[VOLUME I.]
CONDITIONS.
 I. THE ENQUIRER will appear twice a week...During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment FIVE DOLLARS per annum, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should they not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
Sales at Auction.
ON Monday the 19th inst. will be sold on the premises, to the highest bidder, Two handsome and well enclosed LOTS on Shoccoe Hill immediately opposite to General Molesey's No. 689-692.  Terms of Sale 1/3 Cash, 1/3 in sixty days & 1/3 in 4 Months.  THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. V M (31)
Sales at Auction.
WILL be sold at the auction room of the subscribers on Tuesday next, the 20th inst. for the benefit of the underwriters:  Two boxes IRISH LINENS, LONG LAWNs, 12 CAMBRICKS—Marked G. K. 162 167. Imported in the Little William, Capt. Baldry from Liverpool.  THOMAS TAYLOR & Co. V. M. November 14.—(ep 2.)
BANK OF VIRGINIA.
THE Stockholders are hereby notified, That the Second Instalment on their Shares will become due on Friday the 7th of December, when payment must be made at the Bank.  J. BROCKENBROUGH, Cashier. Nov. 14. Sw
ELLIS & ALLAN.
HAVE received, by the late arrivals from London & Liverpool, a very handsome assortment of GOODS, suitable to the season, which they will sell on moderate terms.  November 14. (ep 3 w)
FOR SALE—at Rocket's.
THE LOT, and two story BRICK HOUSE, containing three tenements, which the subscriber purchased at the sale of George Nicholson, deceased. The lot is well situated for a warehouse, and the brick building for a bake-house, number-house, or Tobacco Factory.  November 14. JOHN ELLIS.
THE Subscriber is authorised to rent the house at
the Market now occupied by John Heath esq. The house is large and convenient, and may be obtained on reasonable terms. Possession will be given on the first of December, when Mr. Heath's term expires.  November 14.—(ep 3.)
LANDS FOR SALE,
In the Genesee Country, State of New York. THE Subscriber having charge of part of the Valuable LANDS in the Genesee country, lately under the agency of Charles Williamson, esq., now offers them for sale on moderate terms either to actual settlers, or to those who declining to settle on the lands themselves, are desirous of investing their monies for the future benefit of their families. The titles of these lands are indisputable.  For terms apply to Mr. John Hesp, at the proprietor's land office at Geneva, in the county of Ontario, in the State of New York, or to Mr. Saml. S. Haight at Bath, in the county of Steuben; or to Mr. Frederick Fanning, at Preston, in the State of Connecticut—or to  ROBERT TROUP. New York, June 5, 1804.
NOTICE.
To be sold to the highest bidder, on the fourth Wednesday in December next, at Hanover Court-House.  THE Lot between the subscriber new residence, containing between three and four hundred acres, of valuable farming land. This situation combines as many natural advantages, as might in the country. It is believed to be equally healthy with any in its vicinity; the neighbourhood abounds with excellent timber, and navigation along the door. It is peculiarly adapted to a professional gentleman; being within twenty miles of the city of Richmond, five of the best schools, two of Hanover town, six of New-Castle, and four of an excellent manufacturing mill. On this farm is a very spacious dwelling house (spacious out of repair) but in tolerable good condition for the reception of a large family; a new kitchen almost finished; a large barn in very good repair, and a most excellent apple orchard, with a variety of other fruit trees. The terms of sale will be one third of the purchase money paid on the day of sale; one third on the day of closing the sale; and the other third on the first of January next, from the period at which the first payment becomes due. Some bonds to bear interest from the date, if not punctually paid; and a deed of trust on the land, to secure the payment of the two last instalments.  Any person who may wish to view the farm, will apply to the subscriber, or to his agent to Mr. John Lany Jones, John Lany Jones, or Edward Henderson, who will show the farm to any person.  RATHBURN JONES. Hanover County, Nov. 14.—(tl.)
WASHINGTON TAVERN.
THE subscriber has taken a lease of this tenement for a number of years, and has put it in a state of repair which renders it not inferior to any in this City. Besides the Tavern he has detached buildings, well calculated to accommodate those who are anxious of greater privacy than a tavern usually affords. These tenements adjoin the public square, and are within two hundred yards of the Capitol. They have accommodations over any other house in this City, with respect to pure air and excellent water. He has good stables and a constant supply of the best forage. He renders his services to his friends and the public, and offers them, that no unlicensed gaming, nor any other practice which might, in any degree, have a tendency to disturb the peace of his house, will ever be permitted.  EDWARD HALLAM. Richmond, September 26. N.B. About thirty members of the next Assembly may be well accommodated, if taken in the house already engaged. E. H.
FOR SALE,
At Louisa Courthouse, on the first Wednesday in December next, 182 VALUABLE SLAVES, CONSISTING of Men, Women, Boys and Girls, belonging to the estate of Christopher Smith, dec. Among them is a valuable TANNER, regularly bred to the business. The subscriber has refused to sell any of them privately, and they will certainly be offered at public sale at the time above mentioned. A credit till the 10th of February, 1806, will be given, on the purchase, giving bonds with approved security, to carry interest from the date; but if the principal is punctually paid, the interest will be remitted.  CHARLES SMITH, Acting Executor of Christopher Smith, dec. October 3. (ep 4d.)
VALUABLE LANDS—FOR SALE,
In the county of King William, on Thursday the 29th of November, to the highest bidder, at Brazier's Ferry:
TWO TRACTS of LAND, belonging to the estate of William Brooke, deceased, and lying immediately on Mattaponi river; one of them containing upwards of 700 acres of high land, and about 100 acres of valuable wild-oat marsh, abounding with a variety of wild fowl in their season. This tract lies about 2 1/2 miles from Brazier's Ferry, from King William Court House and within five of King and Queen Court House. The buildings on this land are a new barn 10' stable, with other houses fit for the accommodation of an overseer and negroes.
The other tract contains about 275 acres of high land, and has on it a very handsome two story brick house 60 by 26 feet, with three rooms and an airy passage below, and four rooms and a passage above, with four out houses, situated on a high eminence affording a delightful view of the river and adjacent country; these houses are somewhat out of repair, but for a small sum may be rendered very comfortable. This last mentioned situation is considered one of the most healthy and pleasant in the lower country. These tracts adjoin each other in a very convenient manner and would make a profitable farm under the direction of an attentive farmer. A further description of these lands is deemed unnecessary, as those who are inclined to purchase will undoubtedly view them. The conditions of sale will be one fifth of the purchase money to be paid on the day of sale and the other four fifths in three equal annual payments, to carry interest from the date if not punctually paid. A bond and such other security as the executor may deem necessary will be required.—These lands may be divided to suit purchasers and possession had on the first of January 1805.  RICHARD BROOKE. Nov. 3. 4to
WILL BE SOLD,
To the highest bidder, for ready money, at Goochland Court-House, on the 29th day of November next, A TRACT of LAND,
In said county, on Beverdam creek, containing fifteen hundred acres, more or less, including the land whereon the Court House is situated, bounded by the lands of Samuel Woodson and others, and commonly called Ross's Goochland Court House Tract; or so much thereof as may be sufficient to raise the sum of ten thousand Dollars, and the expenses attending the sale.  BEN: MOSEY, D. M. for Joseph Scott, M. V. D. (td.)
MISS ROBBINS,
AFTER making her sincere acknowledgements to her friends and the public, for that portion of patronage which she has experienced, wishes to inform her patrons, that she has removed her SCHOOL to a house nearly opposite to Mr. Copland's on Shoccoe Hill where she can accommodate a dozen young Ladies as Boarders.  Nov. 3. eS2m
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.
ON Thursday the 20th December next, at my store house, 2 miles above Goochland bridge, to the highest bidder, will be sold ten valuable YOUNG NEGROES, consisting of WOMEN and BOYS, among the former are two excellent house servants, one of whom is a good seamstress, and in all other respects well versed in the duties of this occupation, aged 18 years, the other 15 years old, uncommonly expert, the rest very likely, but accustomed only to the field, BOYS from 4 to ten years of age.
ALSO—A valuable DIOMED STUD HORSE,
(DIOMEDES,) four years old, upwards of fifteen hands high, and most elegantly formed. From the few experiments made with this horse on the turf, it is reduced to a certainty that he is a capital runner, and in the estimation of judges one of the fleetest horses on the continent. Over the Princeton course 3 1/2 miles, he won with ease about 300 dollars, distancing the first heat, Col. Halcomb's baye Dentatus, Col. Royall's baye Chivvy, and Mr. Towne's; Batina, Col. Danley's baye Zofinger, barely saved his distance, and was beaten with ease. The second heat over the Scottsville course on the 14th September, although in most intolerable condition (2 mile heats), he ran upon a bearing rein 1 mile and 15-16 before the field, on this heat he won 300 dollars, beating Mr. Bull's Chestnut Diomed horse, Mr. Heflin's Timcrack mare, and Mr. Towne's Batina; Col. Halcomb's Leopard beat him about 8 feet, he was drawn the second heat. Several races of 1/2 mile have been won by him with great ease. A certificate of the age and pedigree of this horse, will be produced on the day of sale. Terms, one third cash, the balance payable in five months. Bonds with security on demand will be required, but interest remitted, in case the principal is punctually paid.  JOHN ARCHER ROBERTSON. N. B. I have no objection to dispose of any of the above property privately. I. A. R. Clifton (Amelia) October 20.—(eS. 3w.)
WILLIAM JONES of Philadelphia, and
NEIL M'COULL of Richmond, being appointed to settle the business of Ross and Ford, the collection of the debts devolves on Neil M'Coull—who requests those indebted to come forward and give assurances, of when payment may be expected, as it is his duty to commence suits immediately against those who do not.  WILLIAM JONES. NEIL M'COULL. October 20.—(eS. 3w.)
IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED
AT THE OFFICE of the ENQUIRER.
MISCELLANEOUS.
FROM A LATE VIEW OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE.
The British isles afford all that beautiful variety which can be found in the most extensive tracts of the globe. In some parts you see verdant plains extending as far as the eye can reach, watered with copious streams, and covered with flocks and herds; while in others you meet with the pleasing vicissitudes of gently rising hills, and bending vales, fertile in corn, waving with wood, and interspersed with meadows, cottages, villages, towns, and cities—Some tracts abound with prospects of the more romantic kind; lofty mountains, craggy rocks, deep narrow dells, and tumbling torrents; nor are there wanting, as a contrast to so many beautiful and romantic scenes, black barren moors, and wide uncultivated heaths. Such is the general face of the country, but we must be more particular.
In Norfolk and Essex, and some of the other southern countries of England, not a single hill of moderate height is to be seen; while in Wales, the North of England, and the high-lands of Scotland, you behold mountains heaped on one another above the clouds; their summits covered with snow, their sides embrowned with heat; these interstices rendered impassable bogs, or forming channels for a thousand torrents, which in wet weather appear so many dreadful cataracts.
Table of the height of the principal mountains in the British Isles.
   Name. County. Feet above the level of the sea.     Snowdon Caernarvonshire 3689   Ingleborough Yorkshire 2388   Wharncliffe ditto 4060   Bowfell Cumberland 3440   Paps of Jura Isle of Jura 2476   Ben Lomond Stirlingshire 2862   Benlawers Perthshire 4015   Bengloe ditto 5724   Mountballoch Kincardineshire 3465   Bennevis Invernesshire 4370   Cairngorm ditto 4060   Slieve Donard ditto 8003  
About most of these there is little else remarkable. I shall only notice some other particulars concerning two or three. Snowdon, at its summit, rises to a mere point, from which may be seen a part of Ireland and Scotland; Cumberland, Lancashire, Cheshire; all the north of Wales; the Irish and British seas, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Guernsey, &c. forming, on the whole, one of the most extensive views in the kingdom.
Ben-Lomond, in Stirlingshire, stretches along the east side of Loch-Lomond, a lake which we shall shortly describe; and its base extends so far into the country, that its ascent, though steep, is computed to be about six miles. It likewise furnishes a most noble prospect, which is well described in the following little poem:
The setting sun, with parting ray appear'd, Ben-Lomond last of all our mountains gilds. Day, as averse to leave the pleasing scene, Slowly retires far north; nor quite forsakes, But soon returns, more bright and fair to glad, With morning beams, his lofty pathless top; Whence opens a prospect wide of vast extent: Of hills and dales; of firths and winding shores: Pencarth, the lake itself part conceal'd: The Clyde with crowded sails and streamers gay; Rathvold the mazy Firth, meandering flow, For largest fleets, a deep and safe retreat, Rich with the treasures of remotest climes; Edina's lofty towers; the eastern coast Far as the Cheviot Fells; the western isles Of Bute and Arran; Ailsa's conic rock; Old Royalty's royal towers in ruin laid; Hibernia's verdant hills and fertile plains; The rival heights of great Glenfinnan's too, In distant Wales; through Skiddaw, Cumbria's coast, Beyond the Solway Firth, unmeted hands, While hills on hills still higher rise behind.
So much for Ben-Lomond. Along the shore of the Murray Firth we meet with various hills of loose sand, which being easily put in motion by the wind, has overwhelmed a great part of the adjacent plains; so that an estate, which was rented a century ago at L. 300 per annum, is now a waste of sand, with here and there the top branch of a tree, or a chimney head, appearing above it.
The vast piles of mountains in Ross-shire, it is said, are entirely composed of white marble, smooth and glossy as to appear enormous masses of ice.
Let us now pass into the western isles.—The prospect from the Paps of Jura is altogether enchanting. The isles of Jura itself and Ila appear extended like a map under your feet; beyond that you see the north of Ireland, with two other islands to the east; Kintyre, Arran, and the Fifth of Clyde bounded Ayrshire; to the north as a vast tract of country is visible, as far as Ben-Lomond, and likewise the small island Scarba. To the west, Collona, Tirey, Oronsay, and Coll, present themselves to your view.
The Isle of Staffa, another of the Hebrides, may at present properly enough come under our view. The whole of this island, about a mile in length, and half a mile in breadth, is supported by basaltic columns, above fifty feet high, having for their basis the rude solid rock, forming one of the most majestic appearances that can be imagined. In it you meet with the most remarkable subterraneous mansion perhaps in the world. The mid, says Sir Joseph Banks, can scarcely form an idea more magnificent than such a space, supported on each side by ranges of columns, and roofed by the bottom of those which have been broken off in order to form it; between the angles of which a yellow kalagmitic matter has exuded, which serves to define the angles precisely, and, at the same time, to vary the colour with a great deal of elegance; and, to render it still more agreeable, the whole is lighted from without; and the air within, being agitated by the flux and reflux of the tides, is perfectly dry and wholesome. The following is the dimensions of this very remarkable cave:
   Feet In.     Length of the cave from the arch without, 371 6   pitch of the arch, 250   Breadth of the cave at the mouth, 53 7   farther end, 90   Height of the arch at the  
   mouth, 117 6   Height of an outside pillar, 70   —a pillar at the north-west corner, 59   Depth of water at the mouth, 18   —bottom, 9  
Such is the cave of Staffa.
PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 2.
On Saturday last the Philadelphia Typographical Society, celebrated their anniversary, at Mr. Fouquet's tavern.
An oration was delivered by their President, John Childs, after which they partook of the entertainment prepared for the occasion. The society were assisted by a select company of Mr. Blake's Musical School;—and were favoured with the attendance of several other respectable gentlemen. Harmony being prevalent, the following toasts were given.  1. The day—which gave birth to our constitution—May every anniversary afford increasing proof of our prosperity. Appletonian March.  2. Benjamin Franklin—His conduct has rendered his memory superior to the stars and maculae of his enemies. Silent applause.  3. The constitution of the United States—the corrected proof of our liberty—Bad cramps, dry ribs, and a gallows to those who want it battered. Hail Columbia.  4. The present administration—May it never be put in p by the supererogation of foreign ministers, or quabbled by internal factions. America Commerce, & Freedom.  5. The congress of the United States—May they frame their acts only for the good of the people, and correct imposition on the 1st proof of its existence.  6. The legislature of Pennsylvania—May they compose their laws for the happiness of constituents, and not form them for oppression.  7. The American Mediterranean squadron—May they distribute their balls among their enemies, and throw their shells into pi.—When the stormy winds doth blow, 3 cheers.  8. Our fellow citizens prisoners in Tripoli—Though they have been cast into that foundry of adversity, we hope they will be speedily liberated, with faces unhurt by the sheep's foot of a barbarian. Galley Slave, 6 cheers.  9. The American people—May they ever, like the alphabet, aid, assist and support each other. Yankee Doodle.  10. The chief conductors of our art—May they never "feel power and forget right."  11. Our brethren of the societies of New-York, Boston, Baltimore and Washington—May their characters be ever justified by the rule of honor. Printer's March.  12. The memory of George Washington—The fairest type ever cast in the American foundry. May the remembrance of his virtues and patriotism be carefully locked up into the heart of every true American. Washington's March.  13. The presses throughout the union—May they be kept free from monks and friars, and give a clear impression of correct principles. Hail Liberty.  14. Agriculture, the floating sick of commerce—May its friends never flow for want of forso.— Jefferson's March, 6 cheers.  15. Printing—The art that distributes information, corrects manners and gives freedom to man.  16. May the screw of our press never be stiff for want of oil, while employed in the cause of liberty and republicanism.  17. Wives, widows and maids—May the first impression of their charms never mackle in the eyes of their admirers.—The praise of the fair. 
VOLUNTEERS.
By the President, after Mr. Peale had retired—Charles Wilson Peale, a man of patriotism, science and industry.
The Philadelphia Typographical Society—May its acts be composed with judgement, pointed with mercy, spaced with benevolence, justified by honour, emptied with precaution and locked up with energy in the chaise of wisdom.
Thomas Jefferson—There has been neither out nor doublets in his first proof—May his verse be as free from literals and his lines justified with hair spaces; that it may be handed to the press of futurity as a specimen of correct composition.— Jefferson's March, 9 cheers.
May the harmony that prevails in this society be firmly locked up in the chaise of friendship and never distributed in the case of discord.
FROM THE BALTIMORE FEDERAL GAZETTE.
GEOMETRY.
TEN GUINEAS REWARD. Will be paid for the first solution of the following problem, viz.
There is a progressive rank of numbers founded on pure Geometrical principles, the first is one hundred and seventy one, the last seven hundred and forty-one, and the number of terms twenty-one: Required the intermediate terms, and a demonstration that this elegant rank of numbers is founded on pure Geometrical principles.
CAROLUS.
Port-au-prince, 20th Sept. 1804.
Exposure of persons found dead.
The establishment of a new Morgue (a place where persons found dead are exposed at Paris) is finished. The inconveniences of the former depot, the reproach of all travellers, have entirely disappeared in the new one, constructed according to the plan of the Prefects of Police, and of the department of the Seine. Three large rooms are now defined for this establishment. The first is destined to exposition, where the corpses will be exposed separately upon black marble tables, and may be seen from the exterior through the windows. The second is consecrated to the opening of these bodies, which are to be dissected, or undergo some operation or verification; and the third is destined for the deposit of effects, and of the coffins in which they are to be carried to their burial places. On the first day these rooms were opened, 9 corpses were exposed of persons who had committed suicide, either by drowning or shooting themselves. Among them was the body of
a young girl, not above 16, whose perfect form might rival that of Venus de Medicis. (Paris pap. Aug. 10.)
LIBERTY OF THE PRESS—An Anecdote—
In the course of Mr. Curran's argument on behalf of the Printer of the Clonmel Mercury, (in the late Trial, Bagwell v. Power,) he said, "if the Printer of a Newspaper publishes an essay in his paper that contains nothing in it but what is founded on TRUTH, he is by no means blameable in exercising the duty of his profession as the Printer of a Newspaper, to publish essays on PUBLIC MEASURES for the information of Society, and to promote its welfare. This is great LIBERTY OF THE PRESS; if you extinguish that, you endanger the loss of the greatest blessing we possess, and if Printers are not allowed to publish, then Mr. Angel, the short-hand Writer, whom I now see in this Court, may cease to take down his Notes and at once take his flight to Heaven; for he could have no further business upon Earth, as he would not be permitted to publish what he has written, should the FREEDOM OF THE PRESS be extinguished, & if Printers of Newspapers were restricted in their publications, then Newspapers would only contain the prices of Dublin, Cork, Waterford, and Clonmel Markets, the price of Wool at Ballinasloe Fair—the arrival and departure of the Judges to and from your Affize-towns, their splendid retinue, the Sheriffs new liveries, and an account of the time of high water at Dublin Bar."
DIED, on the 26th ult. Mrs. Elizabeth Calborne, wife of his excellency the Governor of this Province—and, on the same day, his only daughter and child, aged four years. To do justice to the character of Mrs. Calborne; to portray the various virtues which marked her as the object of universal admiration and esteem, is a task far beyond our ability to perform. Equally fruitless would it be for us, to attempt to express our commiseration at this most melancholy and distressing event, after the universal sympathy and deep felt lamentation, which has been so strongly manifested by every class and description of our fellow-citizens. Of Mrs. Calborne it may be justly said, that her virtues procured her the love of all who knew her—to a dignified deportment and a masculine understanding, she united all those accomplishments which could adorn her sex—Her superior excellence seemed hidden only from herself—Shrinking from the observation of the world, she was the theme of its constant eulogium. Wherever she moved there was joy; wherever she was known there was an example of all that was excellent, all that was amiable in woman.—Fitted to adorn the highest stations, to shine in the brightest circles of gaiety and splendour, the moments of her felicity were those when unobserved by others, she had the humble opportunity of doing good. She avoided rather than sought for the attention of the world, and the very tribute which gratitude paid to her affiduous and unwearied benevolence, was a burthen to her nature. Let it then be recorded, that, although cut off in the very prime of life, her life has not been short, since every day of it was devoted to the performance of some duty, to the encrease of human happiness, and the encrease of her own misery. Long will her memory be cherished in grateful recollection by the virtuous and the good. [N. Orl. Union, Oct. 1.]
A BEAR FIGHT.
A Gentleman from Cayuga county, between the Seneca and Cayuga lakes, relates that a Mr. Waybone, a farmer in Ovid township, went out one afternoon through the woods in search of his horses, taking with him his rifle, with the only load of ammunition he had in the house. On his return home, about an hour before dusk, he perceived a very large bear crossing the path; on which he instantly fired, and the bear fell, but immediately recovered his legs, made for a deep ravine, a short way ahead. Here he tracked him a while by the blood; but night coming on, and expecting to find him dead in the morning, he returned home. A little before day-break the next morning, taking a pitchfork and hatchet, and his son, a boy of ten or eleven years of age, with him, he proceeded to the place in quest of the animal.—The Glen or ravine, into which he had disappeared the evening before, is eighty or ninety feet from the top of the banks to the bottom of the bank below: down this precipice a stream of three or four yards in breadth is precipitated in one unbroken sheet, and forming a circular basin or pool, winds away among thick underwood below.
After reconnoitering every probable place of retreat, he at length discovered the bear who had made his way up the other side of the ravine, as far as the rocks would admit him, and sat under a projecting cliff, bedsteadly eyeing the motions of his enemy.
Waybone desiring his boy to remain where he was, took the pitchfork, and descending to the bottom, determined to attack him from below.
The bear kept his position until he got within six or seven feet, when, on the instant of making a spring with the pitchfork, he found himself grappled by Bruin, and both together rolled down towards the pond, at least twenty or twenty-five feet, the bear, munching his left arm and breast, and hugging him almost to suffocation.—By great exertion he forced his right arm partly down his throat, and in that manner endeavoured to strangle him, but once more hurled headlong down through the bushes, a greater distance than before, into the water.—Here finding the bear gaining on him, he made one desperate effort, and forced his head partly under water, and

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
As France is an empire we must suffer the French and their friends to speak of the advantages from their new establishment. A German thus writes, "if you wish to form a just opinion of the actual state of Europe, you must leave your belt authors, and visit the powers, and then you can better judge of the new political sentiments, the new systems of war, and the new maxims of administration, which will oblige in the event a new organization of European affairs. In France I have visited the principal cities, and have observed the disposition of the people, and I am astonished at the tranquility which prevails. Their imports, though burdensome, are raised with great consent. Tho' foreign commerce be interrupted, industry is active, and only asks means to employ and extend it: Agriculture is flourishing, the public roads are under repairs, and immense works are undertaken. They dig canals, make ports, and provide arsenals, while vessels are building for commerce and war. Every where is to be seen the work of genius, and industry, and under the direction of a man, who encourages in war, every art of peace. Indeed the progress towards order and prosperity is rapid. The French revolution has given a lesson to the world, that to preserve states they must be in a state of constant improvement. A few happy states have not been diverted from this attention to the happiness of the people. Such is Denmark, Saxony, and some electorates of Germany. We are astonished to see one man presiding over every movement, and vigilant in every part, with the same ardour and patience. We are led to imagine a luxury in his indefatigable labours; but we find one thing necessary in France prodigies. Nothing is done coldly. Every necessary is forgotten. All the cares of France are equal, and hence it is above the different interests and emotions which succeed to rapidly among such a revolutionary people. France, deprived of near two hundred millions of olives in the West Indies only, still thinks of commerce. The tribunal of Paris makes its commercial reports, to which the Emperor and the Empire pay great attention. The highest respect is paid to the goodness with which the Emperor applies to every communication, and to the judgement with which he discovers their usefulness. He has promised in the most positive manner to give his special attention to commerce, and the chamber at Paris has profited from this favor to ask an immediate publication of a code of commercial regulations. The treaty respecting the privileges on the Rhine, is to be laid immediately before the Diet at Ratishbon. The basis is conformable to the fundamental law of the German Empire. The Rhine is to be free to the French and Germans, upon a small consideration, and other nations are to enjoy the same privilege without oppression. Portals the younger at Ratishbon, has charge of this treaty respecting the navigation of the Rhine, and has a commission from the Emperor of France. The canal which is to unite the Rhine and the Doubs, and to open a communication between the Rhine and the Rhone, was to begin in September, and the Engineer is upon the ground, and the laborers ready for the work. An indemnification was to be made to all persons who might be injured by these operations. The bridge over the Rhine at Strasburgh was to be finished before winter. The sluice at Dieppe, one of the best works of this nature, projected by Cessart, and executed by Lambardie, has been effectually secured against obstructions, and is constructed with great solidity. The repairs have been made by Berigny, and the completion of the work gave occasion for a pompous celebration in presence of the civil and military authorities. All the sluices were opened at the same moment, and allowed 15 feet of water. It is expected that this will render Dieppe the deepest and most easy port in the channel. As every experiment is made in naval architecture, every ingenious discovery has ample encouragement. Bernier, at Havre, the inventor of the innumerable boat, was to exhibit a third time the proofs of his success, and to afford full proof to the spectators of the importance of his invention in case of shipwreck. Not only advantages upon the sea were regarded with attention, but conveniences on shore. At Paris a full experiment was to be made of the newly constructed Chimneys by Thiliorier, which were to burn all combustible without smoke, and it was announced that after they had been used during the past winter they were free from soot. Thiliorier has provided to make them convey the flame horizontally, should that method be preferred. We mention these facts to prove the active genius of France in new and useful discoveries. Salem Reg. Nov. 1.
Gleanings from late London papers.
BRITISH MILITARY.—A late London paper states, that in order to prevent all misunderstanding and confusion that might arise on the ground of precedence among the officers of the various kinds of force to be employed in case of invasion, it has been judged proper to promote fifty colonels of regular troops to the rank of brigadier generals. By this arrangement all jealousies will be avoided which might otherwise take place between colonels in militia and volunteer corps, and colonels of the line. In the event of invasion, the new brigadier-generals will take command of brigades composed of militia and volunteers.
DEFENCE OF LONDON.—On the 3d of September, the effects of some defensive works, lately constructed up the river Lea, were examined in the presence of his royal highness the Duke of York, Mr. Pitt, and the generals Brownrigg, Ludlow and Turner, and other military officers and engineers. These works consist of a vessel, which is so constructed as to form a floating gate, which is made to fit a groove formed across the bottom of the river Lea at the four mills, Bromley. By means of a valve in her bottom, she sinks gradually, and at length fills the groove. This operation must be performed at high water, so that when the tide ebs the vessel forms a dam, which pens the water for several miles up the river. The tide serving at half past one, the vessel, which is about 40 feet in length, was sunk by means of her valves in about 10 minutes, and filled the groove. The co-operating of the sluices at Stratford and Waltham bridges, the Temple mills, and Lea bridge, were then shut.
These preparations being made, the Duke of York and the company attending him, rode up the Lea to the fishing house, and found the river to completely full, that the water would have overflowed the marshes, had not the sluices been kept a little open to prevent the damage that would otherwise have ensued. When the tide had ebed, which was about six o'clock, his royal highness returned to Bromley, and saw the vessel performing its promised office, of shutting the water above the elevation of high water. Mr. Remond, the engineer who superintended the construction of these works, received the highest approbation from his royal highness, for the great skill and ingenuity he had manifested in this important undertaking, and his unremitting attentions to the progress of it.
manifested in this important undertaking, and his unremitting attentions to the progress of it.
BRITISH NAVY.
Statement of the Distribution of the British Naval Force to September 1st.
Table with 6 columns: Port and Station, Men, Ships, Guns, Tons, and Remarks. Rows include In port and fitting, Guard ships, In Eng. & Irish Chans., In Downs & N. Sea Sta., At W. Ind. & on passage, On Jamaica station, Amer. & N. F. Land Sta., C. of G. Hope, E. Ind., Coast of Africa, Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar, Mediterranean, & on passage, Hospital & prison ships. Totals: 187 ships, 35,219 men, 3,966 guns, 824 tons.
State of the Ordinary at each port.
Table with 6 columns: Port, Men, Ships, Guns, Tons, and Remarks. Rows include Portsmouth, Plymouth, Chatham, Sheerness, River. Totals: 72 ships, 16,557 men, 1,700 guns, 170 tons.
From a Paris paper of Aug. 10.
M. De Rochambeau, Ex-Marshall of France, and father of the General of Division, Rochambeau, late Commander in Chief at St. Domingo, at present a prisoner of War in England, has published the following letter:
"At Rochambeau, near Vendome, July 27. "Citizen Feden, Colonel of St. Domingo, has, according to the Newspapers, laid a very serious complaint against General Rochambeau, before the French Consul at Havannah. I know from experience, that in the cruel position my son found himself during the last six months of his command in the town of Cape, besieged both by sea and land, it would have been difficult for him to avoid exercising some acts of severity, founded upon the necessity and the wants of his troops. But what I know as more certain is, that there is no generosity in committing two persons now, of whom the one is at Havannah, and the other in the County of Derby, which is the place where my son is Prisoner, in England, both separated by the ocean, at a distance of 1500 leagues from each other. (Signed) "ROCHAMBEAU, Sen."
DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
NEW-YORK, Nov. 8.
The privateering from Barracoa against the commerce of the United States it is said, is now almost relinquished; and this measure is attributed to the logic of the American cannon, which, we understand, frequently carry conviction into that piratical quarter of the world. N. Y. Mer. Adv.
Our accounts from Cadiz mention the arrival there of Mr. PINCKNEY from Madrid, on his way to the U. S. Ib.
Extract of a letter from an officer of rank at New Orleans, to his correspondent in Boston, Sept. 13.
The summer has been uncommonly warm, and this season one of the most sickly that has been for many years. This arises from the great number of strangers who have come to this country. It is worthy of remark, that there has been but one or two instances of the fever having attacked persons who have resided in the city one year. "I have lost some valuable soldiers but not so many as probably is reported. The whole number of deaths among the troops since my arrival, (the first of June last) does not exceed 50. This, considering the great number who have been sick, and when compared with the mortality among strangers of a different description cannot be thought a very great loss. Great it is, however to us, to whom the lives of our men are precious."
The premium of one ton of ground plaster, offered by Richard Trimble, for the best quality of wheat over two hundred bushels has been awarded to Reuben Bernard, of Plattekill, in this state, who produced two hundred and twenty one bushels and twenty six pounds of wheat, clean enough to grind without screening. Ib>.
We learn by the ship Clyde, from Cadiz, that not less than thirty thousand human beings had fallen victims at Malaga to the Yellow Fever, which in its destructive progress had reached Gibraltar and Cadiz. At the latter place from seventy to eighty persons died daily; and the port of Gibraltar was shut against vessels from every quarter.
The United States frigate Essex touched at Cadiz about a week before the sailing of the Clyde, to obtain information respecting some Spanish vessels which had departed for Lisbon; but she returned to her station on finding they went there only to be copiered.
The Hero of Hohenlinden, the brave MOREAU, remained at Cadiz. The warrior and his family, it was rumoured, intended to remove from Cadiz to Coruna, if permission could be obtained. The account of Madame Moreau had terminated in the birth of a daughter; and as the situation of his lady was the principal object that retarded the embarkation of the General, this illustrious man may be shortly expected in the U. S.
Flour at Cadiz 13 to 14 dollars, Raves 150 to 160, rice 7, beef and pork low. Ib>.
The Schooner Polly, Bath, which went out with the British frigate returned last evening. She left them on Wednesday morning off Block Island proceeding for Halifax, they having put into New-port on Tuesday night. Ib>.
Captain Cobb who arrived at Boston on Friday in 25 days from Barbary, informs, that the coffee crop was entirely cut off, owing to the long dry season, and the rainy season setting in severely. Estates that used to produce 200,000 lbs. of coffee will not this year produce 100,000. The produce has yet to grow that they intend to ship to meet the bills they pay Americans in. The Governor had refused to let them take away produce for those bills which have come back protected.
Capt. Living from Porto Rico informs, that two Spanish ships from Europe, laden with wine, &c. touched at Porto Rico (one bound for St. Jago de Cuba, the other for Havana) were both captured by the Brigands and carried into Aux-Cayes; the crews of which were marched about 20 miles back into the country, imprisoned, and put upon an allowance of half a pound of bread per day. A number of smaller vessels, belonging to Porto Rico, have lately been captured by the Brigands, and the crews murdered. N. Y. Mer. Adv.
The French frigate Didon and Cybelle, went through Hell-gate on Friday afternoon a qt. past 3 o'clock, and are now probably at sea. The English ships within Sandy-Hook could not get under way, on account of head wind and tide. The Frenchmen have had most favourable winds to effect their escape.
By Capt. Patterson, of the Eng. fch'r Linner, we are informed, that on Saturday last about 5 P M he met the French frigates about 2 miles from the Point of Block Island, standing out with a light westerly wind. They had their courses hauled up, had a pilot boat in company, and appeared to be about discharging their pilots. Capt. P. further informs, that soon after he passed the frigates a thick fog came on which lasted till about 12 o'clock, when a strong breeze sprung up from N. N. E. which was very favorable for the frigates to proceed to sea. N. Y. Mer. Adv.
We understand, that the following arrangement of the Washington Mail has been ordered by the Post-master-General, to commence on Monday next; viz. to leave the City of Washington at 10 o'clock every evening—arrive at Baltimore early next day—remain there two hours, and thence proceed to Philadelphia, without any other delay than that occasioned by the necessary opening and closing the mails at the intermediate post-towns.
Among the objects most interesting to the commercial concern, is the regular and active communication between the respective seaport towns of the Union. Hitherto much inconvenience, and often great injury, has resulted from the failure or the delay of the mails between this city and New-York. We are happy to find, that a commendable spirit of enterprise now promises to terminate this evil.—The new contract for carrying this mail, since its operation, has been supported with great spirit and regularity: and the public, during the approaching winter, will have no disappointment to anticipate, on this subject, other than those which grow out of the state of weather or unavoidable casualties. [N. Y. P. Gaz.]
The Council of Appointment of this state have been several days in session. It is composed of the following Senators. Hon. Abraham Adriance, Caledon Hyde and Thomas Tredwell. The Hon. John Broome having resigned his seat at the Council Board, in consequence of his election to the office of Lieutenant Governor. N. Y. Mer. Adv.
It was reported at Hudson, a few days since, said to be on information communicated by a gentleman high in office in this state, that Louisiana had been ceded to the Spanish Government, for the sum of Twenty-Five Millions of Dollars. The American Government reserving Florida and the Island of New-Orleans. N. Y. Mer. Adv.
The pilot-boat Fairplay, which attended the French frigates through the Sound, returned yesterday. By her we learn that they met with no accident that caused them any trouble or detention on their way to the ocean. While passing opposite the Marsh, a little way above Hell-gate, they slightly grazed the bottom, but did not on this occasion lose any way. About five o'clock on Saturday morning they have to for a short time in order to have sufficient light while passing a shoal named the Races. This day proved foggy and calm, so that they did not make great progress, wind S.W. Between six and seven o'clock P. M. the Fairplay left them a little to the west of Block-Island, shaping their course between that island and the continent. So as to run into Rhode-Island should the English frigates make their appearance. In the course of Saturday night, however, a fine breeze sprung up from the N. N. E. which carried them quite out to sea—at dawn next morning they were no longer in sight. Both the frigates sail well, so fast indeed as to outrun the English.
It is probable the English and they will have a wild-goose chase of it across the Atlantic, and arrive in time, the former to defend—the latter to attack, the flotilla from Boulogne; and in this case their doublefoes may have an opportunity of testing their skill and courage—if not off Sandy Hook, yet in the Straits of Dover.
The Legislature of the State of New-York met at Albany on Tuesday, Nov. 6, and formed a quorum of both Houses. The following is the
S P E E C H
OF HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR.
Gentlemen of the Senate and Assembly, You were adjourned to this early day to enable you to execute a trust important and interesting as any that can be reposed in the representatives of a free people. The period for which the president and Vice-President of the United States were respectively chosen will expire with the third of March next. It becomes your duty therefore, in obedience to the Constitution of the General Government, the act of Congress, and that of the Legislature of this State relative thereto, to appoint, during the present meeting of the session now about to be opened, the legal number of persons duly qualified to elect to them successors to those dignified stations.
The election lies exclusively with you, and in making it, that you will seek for characters of approved integrity, void of prejudice, firmly attached to the principles of our government, and the true interests of our common country, is not to be questioned. On an examination of the laws above alluded to, it will be found that no provision has been made for the contingency of an Elector's absence from the meeting enjoined. This is a defect the propriety and manner of remedying which, I submit to your discretion.
It is with pleasure, gentlemen, I announce to you officially the ratification by the competent number of States, of the amendment proposed during the last session of Congress, to the first article of the second article of the United States, so modelling the mode of voting for President and Vice-President as effectually to prevent a repetition of the unpleasant scene exhibited at the last election of those officers.
During the recent certain concurrent resolutions of the two houses of the Legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, having for their object an alteration of the third clause of the second section of the first article of the constitution of the United States, have been transmitted to me by the Executive of that state. A proposition from such high authority merits the most respectful consideration and (should the clause alluded to be found, on examination, incorrect in principle, or inconvenient in practice) will, I trust, receive, gentlemen, your cordial support, provided no insurmountable barrier prevents itself. How far this is the case at present, and will it continue till the year 1808, you will be enabled to determine by examining this clause in connection with the fourth of the ninth section of the same article, and the fifth article. The resolutions will be laid before you.
The motion of General Arnsrstrong to the Court of France has occasioned a vacancy in our representation in the Senate of the United States. Congress is now in session, and as there is reason to believe that interesting discussions will early take place in the national councils, I presume, gentlemen, you will consider the filling such vacancy as meriting a place among the first objects of your attention.
A circumstance much to be regretted has taken place since the last adjournment. Some convicts in the State Prison set fire to the building, and though the utmost exertions were employed to extinguish the flames, they were not successful until one of its wings
was nearly consumed. On a consultation of the inspectors with the judges of the Supreme court, and the mayor and recorder of the city of New-York, it was an unanimous opinion that the public interest demanded the immediate repair of the damage sustained, and as there was no fund from which the sums necessary to defray the expense could be drawn, it was recommended to the inspectors to raise them on their individual credit. This they have done, and the building has been repaired in the most economical and effectual manner, and rendered much feurer against future similar disasters than it was in its original state. In addition to the repairs, they have found it necessary to erect at a small expense an additional work-shop. The amount of disbursements for these objects is fourteen thousand four hundred and forty-two dollars fifty one cents, for the reimbursement of which they now apply to the justice of the legislature. They further state that the institution is embarrassed by debts contracted by their predecessors in office, amounting to 3600 dollars 30 cents. Of this sum 4000 dollars have been paid from their private purses, which they request may be refunded to them, and provision made for the discharge of the balance. An institution so honorable to the justice and humanity of the government, will, it is confidently hoped, continue to enjoy the patronage of the legislature.
A bill drawn at the instance of the inspectors, proposing additional penalties for the greater security of the Prison, and of its internal government, will be presented to the legislature. The infliction of capital punishment in certain cases will be found among its provisions. How far such an alteration in the criminal code may be deemed a departure from the principles on which the institution is founded, and how far it will be conformant to justice and legal policy, will require, gentlemen, your serious and deliberate consideration. If it be an element of the political theory on which our government is erected, that it is vested with no rights but such as are derived from the individuals composing the community, and it be admitted that individuals have not the right to dispose of their own lives, it may be reasonably doubted whether the government can justify the infliction of capital punishment in any case not sanctioned by the divine mandate. Its policy also may be doubted. The principal object of punishment is the prevention of crime. To him who is deprived of liberty for life, death can have but few terrors, and the efforts of despair are seldom effected by the apprehension of consequences. While on this subject, gentlemen, permit me to suggest to you the propriety of a revision of your system of criminal jurisprudence. Certainly great improvements have been made in it; it is however still far from being perfect, and susceptible of further amendment. It is of the essence of every good system that there be a due apportionment of punishment to crime, emphasizing the latter by its degree of moral turpitude, and its consequences to society—Confining with the lower order of felonies we shall find an unwarrantable difference in the degrees of punishment annexed to grand and petit larcenies, and yet a cent more or less constitutes the essential difference between these offences. This is not the only objection. The administration of justice being committed to more than thirty judicatories, offences of the same grade are punished more or less severely according to the different ideas of different magistrates, arising from the two great latitudes of discretion vested in the courts of justice. If the calendar of conviction and judgements are examined, the same offences, probably accompanied with the same circumstances of atrocity, will be found punished by confinement at hard labor, in the state prison for periods varying from one to ten years: They may vary from 1 to 14 years.—While to visit a disproportionate species of punishment annexed to these different species of larceny, where in the degrees of criminality not a shade of difference is to be perceived, simple and compound larcenies are subjected to the same punishment, though the latter generally evince greater depravity, and ever produce greater injury to society than the former.
Thus no distinction is made between forcibly entering a dwelling and committing a larceny therein, where no done burglariously, and feloniously taking the property of another when exposed in the highway.
Ascending from the lowest to one of the highest species of felony, a similar defect presents itself. In the crime of murder there are various degrees of turpitude but no discrimination of punishment. A deliberate and premeditated killing, with express malice, is certainly more criminal in the eye of religion and morality, than where the malice arises by legal implication alone. So murder committed by perpetration, or attempt to perpetrate any of the higher offences, is certainly more criminal, than where it is the consequence of an intended trespass or a mere want of due caution. These distinctions, I am persuaded, accord with public sentiment, as must be evident to all those who have witnessed the embarrassment of jurors, when directed that the law imposes upon them to find one guilty of murder whom they barely believe never intended to commit it—This is placing them in a delicate situation, and offering violence to tender conscience.
The crimes of forgery and counterfeiting are also susceptible of a classification of their various species. A detailed plan of such an improvement would far exceed the proper limits of this address. I shall therefore reserve it for a future occasion.
In the event of an interruption of the harmony which has subsisted between the United States and the maritime powers of Europe we cannot but look with anxiety towards the defenseless state of our principal seaport. To afford it complete protection against an invading force, would require an expense beyond the ordinary resources of the state, and is an object emphatically appertaining to the general government. As far as it may be effected by militia arrangements it is certainly our duty to attempt it. I shall for this purpose in the course of a session submit to your consideration a plan for organizing a brigade of artillery and corps of engineers to be provided with a competent park of heavy artillery, howitzers mortars, and the necessary apparatus for the use of hot shot, which may afford protection against single ships, and even small squadrons. An estimate of the expense will be submitted.
I cannot conclude, gentlemen, without calling your attention to a subject which my worthy and highly respected predecessor in office had much at heart, and frequently I believe presented to your view, the encouragement of literature. In a government relying on public opinion, and deriving its chief support from the affections of a people, religion and morality cannot be too sedulously inculcated. To them science is an hand maid; ignorance the worst of enemies. Literary information should then be placed within the reach of every description of citizens, and poverty should not be permitted to obstruct the path to the fountain of knowledge. Common schools under the guidance of respectable teachers should be established in every village, and the indigent be educated at the public expense. The higher seminaries also should receive every patronage and support within the means of enlightened legislators. Learning would thus flourish, and vice be more effectually restrained than by volumes of penal statutes.
With grateful acknowledgements to a beneficent God for the large portion of national prosperity he continues to bless us with, permit me, gentlemen, to assure you of my ready co-operations in every exertion you shall make to add to the mass of general happiness. MORGAN LEWIS. Albany, November 6th, 1804.
An election for members of congress and Electors of President and Vice President took place on Tuesday throughout the state of New Jersey. As in this the federalists of our sister state, have abstained from all opposition. In the township of Gloucester, where there are upwards of one hundred voters, there were but three votes, and these democratic, given in. Aurora.
"The members of the house of representatives (Congress) sit in the library for the present; as the south wing of the capitol is not finished. The room though spacious and laid out to the utmost advantage, is still so much crowded as to leave no space for strangers on the floor.
"Notwithstanding the prevalence of sickness, for general in this city and surrounding country, during
the summer, considerable progress has been made in improvements here—several new houses are now in building, of which the foundations are not laid in March last. The Theatre is covered in, and we should have had dramatic entertainments, had not pre-engagements prevented the Philadelphia and Baltimore company from detaching a party to this scene." Aurora.
A bill is at present before the legislature of New Jersey for incorporating the town laid off last autumn at Pauls Hook, directly opposite the city of New York. We understand it will be called "the city of Jersey"—it is likewise proposed to establish in this new city a branch from the Bank of New-Ark.
The Assembly of Vermont have taken into consideration the communication from the Governor of Massachusetts, proposing an alteration of the U. States, respecting the election of federal Representatives. The committee of the whole, Reported to the House, recommending to them not to concur in adopting the resolutions—on the acceptance of which report the yeas and nays were as follows:—Yeas, 107—Nays 76.
The legislature of Connecticut have chosen the following gentlemen to be the electors of that state for President and Vice-President of the U. S.
His Excellency Jonathan Trumbull, Hon. John Trumbull, Hon. Oliver Ellsworth, Hon. David Daggett, Joshua Huntington, Lewis B. Sturges, David Smith, Ather Miller, and Sylvester Gilebert, Esq. is
Electoral election.—In Lancaster county no federal opposition was made to the Jefferson and Clinton ticket. It may be stated with certainty that Pennsylvania and New-Jersey have chosen twenty-eight electors, every one of whom will vote for Mr. Jefferson as president and Mr. Clinton as vice president. All this has happened notwithstanding the terrible federalists, who were to have done wonders, yet did nothing. Aurora.
In the state of Rhode Island, the electors of president and vice president are to be chosen, on the 21st inst. The republican candidates are, Messrs. Constant Tabor, James Helme, James Aldrich, Esq., Remington; all of whom will no doubt be chosen. The candidates will be voted for, on a general ticket throughout the state. [Ib>]
The following gentlemen are chosen Members of the next Congress, from this state. John Davenport, Samuel W. Darr, Calvin Goddard, Roger Griswold, Jonathan O. Moseley, John C. Smith, Benjamin Talmadge, All Federal Republicans. Connecticut Post.
THE ADJUSTMENT BILL.
To the honourable the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the petition of the undersigned inhabitants of the county of
Respectfully Shevells,
That, by the constitution of this state, it is provided, that "every man, for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person, or reputation, shall have remedy;" and that "right and justice" shall be "administered, without delay, denial or delay." Your petitioners are of opinion, that this equitable provision of the constitution cannot be carried into effect, under the judiciary system at present established in Pennsylvania.
1. The expenses are so enormous, and so to make lawsuits rather a contest of wealth, than an inquiry into, and an establishment of, justice.
2. The evasions are so numerous, and by technical forms so established, that the plaintiff and most incontestible questions stand for years on the records of our courts.
3. Unmeaning forms and absurd modes are so multiform that a man of the soundest sense, and best judgment, is disqualified from defending his own rights, except through the medium of a hired pleader.
These, and many other oppressive evils, would, in the opinion of your petitioners, be done away, if the principle of arbitration were established in its most liberal and extensive application.
We therefore solicit your honourable house, that the principle of arbitration be established, so that every man shall have justice, "without sale, denial, or delay."
Captain Church, who arrived last evening from Cape Francois, informs, that on the 22d ult. captain Tate, second officer of the armed ship Pilgrim, of Philadelphia, was hung by order of Christophe, for having received several Frenchmen on board, who were endeavouring to make their escape to the United States. Captain Gibson, of the same ship, and the first officer, escaped without any censure. This was supposed to be owing to the circumstance of Christophe's conceiving Tate to be a Frenchman; although he persisted to the last moment, in declaring himself to be an American. During the execution, an American sailor rushed forward, with an intention of cutting Tate down from the gallows, but received several severe blows, and was forced back. The Frenchmen taken on board the ship were thrown into prison; and it was supposed would be executed. Capt. Church informs, that there are yet several families left at the Cape, but they were in hourly expectation of being massacred.
Captain Tate, is stated to have left a wife and several children in Philadelphia.
While capt. Church was ashore, sick, two unfortunate Frenchmen got on board his Schooner.—Information of this circumstance was given to Christophe, who sent a party of soldiers to search the vessel—but while they were coming up on one side, capt. Church had the good fortune to get them off into his boat on the other—otherwise he would probably have met with the same fate as capt. Tate.
Defaitistes had been proclaimed Emperor of Hayti, with great solemnity.—The town was illuminated for several successive nights; and an elegant entertainment given to the Americans at the Cape.
Charl. Times Nov. 8.
Extract of a letter from an officer on board the U. S. frigate Congress, to a gentleman in Providence, R. I. dated Gibraltar-Bay, September 1.
"I have but a moment to inform you of our having arrived here, all well, the 19th of August. The Commodore, with the principal part of the squadron, failed immediately to join Commodore Preble, near Tripoli. We have made a short cruise off the South Coast of Morocco, and were off the city of Salce the 20th, 21st and 22d ult. found lying there three ships of war, viz. the Mamona of 88, the Momona of 80, and the Maboukir of 23 guns; the last is the ship that was captured by the Philadelphia, and afterwards given up at Tangiers. The appearance of our last squadron has induced the Emperor of Morocco to relinquish his hostile designs against the United States. The decisive and spirited measures of Commodore Preble have compelled the Bey of Tunis to be at peace; but our affair with Tripoli remain undecided. Our squadron will however immediately ap-

ar before that place, in complete order, with the addition of several Schooners, two bomb ketches, and five float gun-boats; these last have been procured by Commodore Preble. We sail in the morning to join the squadron before Tripoli, taking in our route the Barbary coast.
"N. B. W. C. have heard of the death of General Hamilton with astonishment and regret."
Extract of a letter from Messrs. Anderson and Oswald, Merchants, dated Bordeaux, Sept. 10, 1804. "Several cargoes of Louisiana cotton have been bought at 155 on board, without seeing a sample; but it would be impossible to sell Georgia and Carolina cotton in this manner, in consequence of the numerous frauds committed by your planters in packing seed and bad cotton in the bales; we have even seen quantities of land and stone packed in some."
FROM THE UNION; PRINTED AT N. ORLEANS.
Appointments by the President of the United States.
Dominic A. Hall, Judge of the District of Orleans. Mahione Dickerson, Attorney for the said District. Ephraim Kirby, John B. Prevost, Judges of the Territory of Orleans. James Brown of Kentucky, Secretary for the Territory of Orleans. J. Le Breton D'ogenoir, Marshal for the district of Orleans.
Members of the Legislative Council. Julien Poydras, Benjamin Morgan, Col. Bellechasse, John Watkins, M. Bore, Robert Dow, Michael Cantrelle, Daniel Clark, J. Romain, of Attakapas, Evan Jones, Gaspard Dubuys, William Kenner, Mr. Wilkoff, of Appalousa.
The Governor has addressed a letter, of which the following is a copy to each member of the Council.
New-Orleans, October 5th, 1804 SIR, I have the pleasure to inform you, that you are appointed by the President of the United States, a member of the Legislative Council for the Territory of Orleans. Your commission is in my possession, and will be delivered whenever it may be agreeable to you to attend and take before me the oaths of office required by law. I flatter myself you will afford to your fellow citizens, the benefit of your services in the Council, and request that you would inform me of your determination as early as may be convenient. I am, Sir, very respectfully, Your humble serv't. WILLIAM C. C. CLAIBORNE.
On the 9th instant the following letter from the Governor was addressed to each member of the Council.
New-Orleans, October 9th, 1804. SIR, I have the honor to enclose you a proclamation convening the Legislative Council; the interest of the Territory rendered this call necessary, and I rely with confidence on your punctilious attendance. I am, Sir, Very respectfully, Your humble serv't, WILLIAM C. C. CLAIBORNE.
By his Excellency William C. C. Claiborne, Governor of the Territory of Orleans. A PROCLAMATION. WHEREAS the interest of the Territory would in my opinion be promoted by an early session of the Legislature thereof, I have thought proper to issue this my Proclamation, hereby requiring each and every Member of the Legislative Council, to meet in Council at the Hotel de Ville in the City of New-Orleans, on Monday the twelfth of November next. Given at New-Orleans this 9th day of October, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Four, and of the Independence of the United States, the twenty-ninth. In testimony whereof, I have underwritten my name, and caused the Public Seal to be hereunto affixed. WILLIAM C. C. CLAIBORNE.
At a meeting of the representatives of the people of Upper Louisiana (elected by the free men of their respective districts) held on the 15th ult. in the town of St. Louis, present twelve members, being a majority of the whole number (seventeen) expected to meet, after taking the oath of allegiance to the United States, and making a few observations on his appointment, and the reasons which called them together, the President, C. Gratot, says,
"According to this invitation, we have now met here, under the auspices of a free government, of which we are proud to call Louisiana an integral part, in conformity with the constitution of the United States, under which we feel happy to live. Nay in more strict compliance with the duties imposed on us as citizens, by the same constitution, we for the first time have here formed ourselves into a deliberative body, we for the first time are exercising the rights of freemen, to petition to the government for the redress of grievances. Would to God our first communication to Congress, instead of being an application for redress, had been an expression of thanks, although from the known justice of congress, I am confident we shall ultimately have thanks to return them."
Let, then, gentlemen, our first steps in this new career be as dignified as the occasion which induced us to assemble together, is solemn and important.
Congress at the time of enacting the bill alluded to, were not in possession of sufficient information with respect to this country, to venture to give us such a form of government as we are conscious we are entitled to, and as I hope they will not find us unworthy to live under. We are calumniated in congress. [The speaker has allusion to the speech of Mr. Lucas, a member from Pennsylvania, in which he says "the people of Louisiana have not been consulted in the act of cession, but have been transferred by a bargain made over their heads." It was a proof, continued Mr. L. this act had not been received with approbation by them; that when they saw the American flag hoisted in the room of the French, they shed tears. This was a proof that they were not on as friendly terms with our government as some gentlemen imagine.]
On the very floor of congress our gratitude to a government absolute in principle it is true, but whose truly paternal benevolence we had uniformly experienced, and which as virtues go hand in hand, should have been confirmed rather as a certain pledge of our attachment to the principles of a free government, was tortured into a satisfactory proof of our not being yet ripe to enjoy the benefit, of a free government. Rumours very injurious to our general character, representing us a set of covetous, rapacious land-jobbers, who, by false, antedated, counterfeit deeds, had monopolized the greatest quantity of the vacant lands of the district of Louisiana, were at the same time artfully circulated through all parts of the United States. Not an inhabitant of this district was on the spot at the time to contradict those confounded accusations. Is it then to be wondered at, that congress under those circumstances, should have acted with respect to us with un-
precedented severity? But congress may have it now in their power to be truly informed of the real state of things, not only from the representations of the generality of the inhabitants of the district of Louisiana, but likewise from their different officers in this country since the taking of possession by the United States.
Before I conclude, gentlemen, give me leave to observe to you, that invited as we all are with the confidence of the inhabitants of the district of Louisiana, it will be more particularly incumbent upon us, both in the course of the discussion which is to take place, and likewise after our separation, and when we shall have returned to our respective districts, to enforce among all descriptions of inhabitants, by our examples, and our advice, a due respect, not only to the laws of the United States in general, but more particularly still to the very law; the repeal of which we now propose soliciting from congress.
It is probable that his excellency William Henry Harrison, and the honorable the Judges of the Indiana territory, will arrive here during the session of this assembly, and I am sure that you will all join me in the propriety of receiving them with that cordiality and respect which are due to the high authority that sends them, and to their own well deserved reputation, and that by affording them every information in your power, should they condescend to consult you on the subject, you will facilitate by every possible means the introduction of the laws of the union, in this territory, and thereby deserve the eternal gratitude of its inhabitants."
Congress.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Thursday, November 8th, 1804.
Mr. Early being already on two committees, was excused from serving on the committee of accounts, and Mr. Conrad appointed in his stead.
Mr. Speaker laid on the table a return from the gov. of New-York, of the election of Gordon S. Mumford to the next Congress in the room of Mr. Tompkins resigned.
Mr. Lattimore presented a memorial from the board of trustees of Jefferson College, in the Mississippi territory, expressing their apprehension of losing the lots at Natchez, with which that institution had been endowed, and praying Congress to secure them in the same. The petition was referred to Messrs. Lattimore, T. M. Randolph, Stedman, Alston and Elliott.
The petitions of Wm. Dunbar and of the Mayor and Corporation of the city of Natchez were referred to the same committee.
The motion, made yesterday by Dr. Leib, was taken into consideration and an amendment was proposed by adding "Blacks and people of color, other than freemen, shall be excluded from the gallery."
This gave rise to some conversation, after which the amendment, upon a division of the house, appeared to have but one member in its favor.
The question on the resolution to exclude all persons from the lobby except members of the Senate and Stenographers, was taken and lost only 32 members voting for it.
Mr. J. Clay offered the following resolution:
Resolved, That the President of the United States be requested to present in the name of Congress to Capt. Stephen Decatur, a sword of the value of 1000 dollars, and to each of the officers and crew of the U. S. Ketch Intrepid, a months pay, as a testimony of the high sense entertained by Congress of the gallant, good conduct and services of capt. Decatur, the officers and crew of the said Ketch, in attacking and destroying a Tripolitan frigate of 44 guns, late the U. S. frigate Philadelphia.
The resolution was referred to a committee of the whole on the state of the Union, & ordered to be printed.
The committee of revival and unfinished business made a report, which was received and ordered to be printed for the use of the members.
Adjourned. Committee of post office and post roads—Messrs. Newton, Thomas Hannah, N. Mitchell, Lovandes, G. W. Campbell and Southard.
Committee to whom were referred the articles of impeachment against Samuel Chase—Messrs. J. Randolph, Jos. Clay, Early, Boyle and John Rhea (of Ten.)
Friday, Nov. 9, 1804.
The petition of John Steel, presented last session, and the petition of Capt. George Little, late of the Boston frigate, now first presented, for indemnity against a judgement in the supreme court for 10,182 dollars 89 cents damages, for the illegal detention of a foreign vessel taken in the West-Indies, in the year 1799, were referred to the committee of claims.
Dr. Mitchell moved the order of the day on the President's message, but on
Mr. J. Randolph's request for a little more time for members to digest and arrange the various important points contained in that communication, Doctor Mitchell withdrew his motion.
Mr. Kennedy presented a petition from a number of merchants, traders and farmers of the Edington district, in N. Carolina, praying the establishment of a port of entry and delivery at Plymouth. The new district to comprehend all the creeks and harbours on the Roanoke and Cashie rivers.—Referred to the committee of commerce and manufactures, together with a petition presented to the last session on the same subject.
Mr. J. Clay's motion relative to captain Decatur, the officers and crew of the Intrepid ketch, was taken up in committee of the whole.
Mr. Varnum, in the chair. On motion of Mr. Clay the resolution was altered by striking out after the word "sword" the words "of the value of 1000 dollars," and filling up the other blank with the word "two," thereby giving the officers and crew 2 mo. pay.
Mr. J. Clay with a view of shewing the propriety of the measure, read extracts of letters written by commodore Preble and lieut. Decatur, which had been obtained from the secretary of the navy; they contained an account of the circumstances attending this honorable exploit, which have heretofore been printed in the public newspapers.
The committee rose and reported the resolution as amended.
Mr. Griswold presumed the object of this step was to pay a tribute of respect to those brave men who had so gallantly achieved this glorious and dangerous enterprise. He wished to do this in a manner the most honorable and notorious, and perhaps the best course would be to obtain from the head of the navy department a list of the names of the officers and the number of the crew, together with a detail of circumstances attending the event. With this view he moved to postpone the consideration of
the resolution reported, by the committee of the whole until to-morrow, in order to introduce a resolution to this effect: that the secretary of the navy be directed to communicate to this house the names of the officers and the number of the men employed in the destruction of the frigate in the harbor of Tripoli, together with a statement of the circumstances attending that event.
The postponement was agreed to without opposition, and the resolution of Mr. Griswold was adopted with a small variation suggested by Mr. J. Randolph, and acquiesced in by the mover, viz.
"That the president of the United States be requested to cause to be laid before this house, &c."
Mr. J. Clay and Mr. T. M. Randolph were appointed a committee to wait on the president and communicate the request of the house.
On motion of Mr. Holmes, it was agreed that when the house adjourns, it adjourn to Monday next.
ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND: SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1804.
REMOVALS FROM OFFICE.
"As there is no part of Mr. Jefferson's conduct (says the Norfolk Ledger) which is so much dreaded by his adherents, they are anxious to conceal it from the public. The system he has pursued, so incompatible with his inaugural speech, deserves to be exposed. And as facts are the best mode of procuring conviction, we consider it as a duty of the Editors of Federal papers to enumerate all the removals from office within their knowledge, &c. &c. &c."
"We have a knowledge of many more removals out of Virginia than we at present possess within it. The following list, by which we mean to give an example of the method we with others to pursue, comes very near the whole number (TEN) we were so confidently asked to name." Asked, by whom? Some loud-talking demagogues, quoth the Ledger.
"Removals within our knowledge in Virginia.
  REMOVED. OFFICES. APPOINTED.    M. M. Randolph Marshal John Scott  John Hopkins Comm'r Loans M. Jones  Wm. Heath Coll'r Peters John Shore  John Grammar Post-master do. Joseph Jones  Timothy Green Do. Frederick John Benion  Augustine Davis Do. Richmond M. Vandewall  Edward Archer Do. Norfolk W. Newlin  Wm. Pennock Navy Agent D. Bedinger.  
"We do not mention the Collector of this port (continues the Ledger) who did resign from bad health; but we believe it is a fact, that Mr. Nicholas was appointed before the resignation of Mr. Davies reached Washington."
"Where the reader is personally acquainted with the officer removed and the one appointed, let him ask his own breast, if there is any superiority in the latter over the former? If that superior says no, which sometimes it must, then why the change? "Aye, there's the rub." Let Mr. Jefferson's friends answer."
THERE are three standards, by which the policy of Mr. Jefferson's administration may be estimated: the policy and practice of the preceding administration, the principles of his principles of his inaugural speech, and the abstract maxims of a republican government. By the first we may decide, whether it is a better or worse than that of his opponents. The second will decide, whether the practice of Mr. Jefferson's is inconsistent with his own professions, or in other words, whether the change of circumstances or the increasing violence of party spirit, has occasioned him to deviate from that chart of policy, by which, under a particular set of circumstances and during the rational calm of a commencing administration he had determined "to shape the course" of his measures; and the third may serve to decide, how far his administration is consistent with republican principles, either in those cases which are not explicitly, or by fair construction embraced by his inaugural speech, or in those cases, which are evidently embraced by the principles of the speech, but they are cases in which the republican tendency of those principles have now been tested by the light of experience.
By each of those standards let us then attempt to estimate the conduct of the present administration, as far as it relates to the case immediately before us: the Removals from Office. I should indeed have wished, that the vindication of Mr. Jefferson's measures had fallen into the hands of some more able advocate than myself; and yet, in the present case, it is almost unnecessary to offer any apology. When truth fights under his banners, even the powers of a very feeble champion may sometimes command success.
1. It was the professed policy of the last administration, to exclude every man from office, and to admit no man into office, who had not previously adopted its political principles. That this was its policy, needs not to be ascertained, by indirect induction, but by the most direct information. There was no occasion to infer it from the practice of the President, because his most favourite adherents had openly professed, that this was the principle of official tenure. It was during the session of '98-'99, and in the course of the debate on the foreign intercourse bill, that the friends of Mr. Adams on the floor of congress, acknowledged the existence, and avowed their approbation, of this policy. But such is not the policy of the present administration. Mr. Jefferson does not appear desirous of confining every office to his political friends: His object seems to be, to give them not a complete but a proportionate share of official emolument and influence. No doubt there are many enlightened republicans in the union, who with him to pursue the very same policy which their opponents have avowedly pursued: But there are no doubt also many others, who have adopted a milder system, and who have consequently approved of Mr. Jefferson's modified practice.
Yet had Mr. Jefferson pursued the very same system which characterised the administration of his opponents, his inducements were more various, and his justification might have been greater. The former administration had entered upon this subject de novo: They were influenced in the choice of their system, rather by abstract principles, than by positive example. In applying these principles, they had no doubt to encounter the bias of a sectarian spirit, but that spirit had not as yet been exasperated by the galling spectacle of persecution, commenced and maintained by their political opponents. But when the present administration came into office, very different indeed was their situation. The spectacle of persecution was already spread before them. The republican had seen several of their friends of the purest virtue and most distinguished qualifications, dismissed from office, because they had not embraced the creed of the President. In the very face of this spectacle then and while their political opponents were still enjoying the fruits of this persecution, Mr. Jefferson had to decide upon the system which he should pursue. He had to decide,
not only in opposition to that usual propensity of party, from which few men are exempted, but while that very propensity had acquired a new and elastic force, from previous oppression and persecution. I say, therefore, had Mr. Jefferson pursued the system of his opponents, his conduct might have been improper, but it might have been more excusable. If the contracted maxim of some moralists, therefore was just, that the man is most virtuous, who most abstains from evil: Mr. Jefferson's conduct would certainly deserve that eulogium, who in spite of greater temptations to persecution had adopted a more tolerant system towards his opponents, than it was their lot to pursue. That his system has really been more tolerant, may be ascertained not merely by the policy which he avows, but by the policy which he has pursued. Let us then examine the effects of these two administrations in the very scene, which the Norfolk Ledger has selected: I mean Virginia.
When Mr. Jefferson came into office he found almost every federal office in the state, occupied by the friends of the last administration. The Collector of the port of Tappahannock was a republican, but exclusive of that office, there was perhaps not a collector, there was not a post-master in any of the large towns, in fact there was not an officer of any importance, that was not a decided Federalist. Such was the practice under Mr. Adams's administration. Under Mr. Jefferson, three of these important offices are still held by his political opponents: James Gibbons, Coll'r of Richmond Charles Sinnes, Do. of Alexandria George W. Craig, Post-master of do; who was appointed by Gen. Washington, and is therefore presumed to be a federalist.
Had Mr. Jefferson then dismissed those men from office, who are here recorded on the list of Removals, merely on account of their political principles, he would still have permitted the federal party to possess a greater official influence in Virginia, than that party had conferred upon its friends. Is it certain, however, that these men were removed from party considerations? Can no other satisfactory reason be assigned for some of these removals, than the desire of excluding men from office, who did not coincide with him in opinion? Let us see if we cannot discover some other reasons.
Had those men retained their opinions, and expressed them with candor and with moderation, there is reason to believe that the administration would still have permitted them to retain their office. But a different course of conduct was calculated to excite the just indignation of the government. When these very officers who from their official station may be presumed to be best acquainted with the operations of the political machine, and who ought not only to be respected themselves but who ought to confer an honor upon the administration, employ themselves in venting the most outrageous and improper libels upon it, can that administration entertain a due respect for itself which permits these men still to hold their office and their influence? Would it in fact manifest a due regard for its own safety, much less for its own honor, should it suffer these indecent frictions to be passed upon it by its own officers! That such has been the case with several of these ex-officers of the administration, will require no positive proof.
One of these officers, the very first who stands on this list, has been severely censured for neglecting or violating in a particular case his official duties. This question may still remain to be decided on the pending impeachment of Judge Chase.
Two of these officers were said to be dismissed not for illiberal frictions, not for a breach of duties, not even for their political heterodoxy; but for their pursuing a profession at the same time, which was really incompatible with their office. These are the post masters of Richmond and Frederickburg. These gentlemen, for both of whom I do not hesitate to express my sincere respect, were at that time Editors of a newspaper; and Editors of newspapers should never be post-masters: partly on account of the tendency which it may have to modify the freedom of their press, partly because it may injure the interests of their printing competitors & partly because it would at all events excite their suspicion, & animosity.
An insinuation is introduced that the collector or of Norfolk would have been dismissed, if he had not resigned from ill health. Why was it not also added that he would have been dismissed (if the general opinion may be credited) on account of his ill health?
Other motives may be assigned, very distinct from party considerations, to justify these removals. Is it not therefore unfair to attribute them altogether to the persecuting spirit, or even to the balancing system of the present administration? Cannot the political opponents of Mr. Jefferson find some other justification for these removals? If they cannot find it in their own system of persecution, will they not acknowledge the justice of them from the evident principle that the majority is not only entitled to an equal, but a proportionate share of official influence? Will they not find some apology for them in the illiberal frictions which some of these officers have passed upon the present administration; in the neglect of duty by others; and from the moral incompatibility of the office held by some, with their customary pursuit?
2. Is it consistent with Mr. Jefferson's inaugural speech?
3. Is it consistent with republican principles?
These two questions are certainly worthy of investigation; but for the present I am obliged to decline it. Should any occasion hereafter exist, I may then perhaps resume this discussion. In the mean time I would recommend it to the inquisitive reader, to revert to Mr. Jefferson's reply to the merchants of New-Haven under date of July 19, 1801, where if I am not mistaken he will find the best vindication of his conduct on the principles of his inaugural speech, and I hope, on the purest principles of republicanism.
* The Christian names of this gentleman and his successor are each of them mistaken by the N. Ledger. The first is not M. M. for D. M. the other John instead of Joseph. I shall leave it to other Editors to rectify their frivolous criticisms upon so insignificant a bust.
"An American" having seen the reply that appeared in the N. Ledger of Nov. 8. to a few remarks which he made on the navy of the U. S. considers them unworthy of a serious answer.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
CONCERNING THE DEPOSITING OF TOBACCO IN THE BANK.
THE Directors of the Bank, have at last after much opposition, consented to receive Tobacco in pledge for loans of money. Some of those who opposed it, alleged that the plan would enable monopolizers of Tobacco to engross the capital of the Bank, and that other dealers would thereby be deprived of equal benefits, forgetting that the directors would have the right of voting upon every application. If this allegation should prove true, it will show that the security of Tobacco note, is so much better than any other, that no director would
take any other when that was offered. If this is so, why has there been a moment's delay since the question was first agitated? Or why has it been insinuated that the trade and dealing of Virginia would not be sufficient to employ the capital of the Bank? If the capital is too great, the legislature will either increase it, or grant another charter.
Let it be remembered that the different branches of the Bank, may lend half a million of dollars per week. It is likely that Tobacco will be received as deposits at the average of about fifty dollars per hhd: if so it will require ninety thousand hogheads of Tobacco, to employ the whole capital. It is well known that the chief advantages which are derived by the Tobacco merchants, proceeds from shipments to foreign ports. The hogheads which are deposited, cannot be shipped until they are redeemed, either by the payment of money or by depositing other hogheads of equal value; how then can it be pretended that the capital of the Bank can be engrossed in this way? Can any man of common understanding believe that ninety thousand hogheads of Tobacco, worth at least six million of dollars will ever be deposited in the different branches at one time? Would not the owners lose the use of all the difference of capital between the money borrowed and the actual value?
The depositing of Tobacco notes, will give great advantages to those who cultivate that article. It will enable him by renewing the loan to postpone sales until they are satisfied with the price. It will also enable other men, whose credit is not established, to become competitors in the purchasing market with those whose fame has gone abroad; and it will prevent a monopoly of another sort, that is a combination of directors, such as lately happened at Norfolk, to divide the greatest part of the capital among themselves and adherents.
It is not insinuated that the Directors of the Bank of Virginia had such a combination in view—So far from their resolution to take Tobacco as a deposit proves the contrary; but as another election will soon take place, it seems necessary that this important question should be well understood, so that the stockholders and their agents may be able to judge between friends and foes, and vote accordingly.
We are informed that the message of the president was accompanied by various documents, among which were:
1. Extract from a communication from Don Pedro Cevallos, intimating that the king of Spain had withdrawn his opposition to the cession of Louisiana by France to the United States. 2. A letter from the marquis Casa Yrujo, accompanying the foregoing communication. 3. A proclamation of the president U. S. determining fort Stoddert to be the port of entry in the district of Mobile, in Eastern Louisiana. 4. A report concerning the lead mines in Louisiana, Aurora.
The schr. Polley, capt. Bush, which went to Montog to meet the British ships of war Leander and Cambrian, returned last evening. By her we learn that the above ships arrived within seven leagues of Montog on Saturday evening, and would have seen the Frenchmen go out on Sunday morning had the weather been clear. The Frenchmen have thus (to use a seaman's phrase) made their escape in a fog. The Leander and Cambrian anchored in Newport Harbour on Tuesday night, and failed the next morning for Halifax where the Polley left them.
We have some doubts of the accuracy of the information of Jerome Bonaparte's having failed in the French frigates. It is of little consequence however, whether he has or has not.
N. Y. Mer. Adv.
CASE OF COL. BURR.
A grand Jury of the state of New-Jersey having presented a bill of indictment for murder against this gentleman, it has become an interesting question whether the crime of which he has been guilty is really murder in legal signification. By the common law, if the stroke of which one dies be given in one country and he die in another, it is not murder in either. The case being much stronger between different states, it is supposed that as Gen. Hamilton died in New-York and not in New-Jersey, Col. Burr cannot be guilty of murder. But the fact is otherwise; for by a particular statute of the state of New-Jersey, if the stroke be given in New-Jersey, and the death ensues in another state, it is murder. No doubt therefore remains of the nature of the crime, and that the grand jury has been correct.—[U. S. Gaz.]
BANK OF VIRGINIA.
At a meeting of the President and Directors of the Bank of Virginia on Friday the 16th inst.
RESOLVED, that no Note or Bill, drawn, endorsed or accepted by one person for another, be discounted, nor Check drawn in the same way, be paid, unless a Power of Attorney from the Principal, authorizing such transactions, shall have been previously lodged in the Bank.
J. BROCKENBROUGH, Cashier. November, 17.
NOTICE.
ALL persons indebted to the late firm of BUCHANAN, DUNLAP & CO. of Petersburg, ROBERT POLLOK & CO. of Richmond, and DUNLAP, POLLOK & CO. of Manchester, are hereby notified, that James Dunlop, late a partner in the above concern, has become purchaser of the outstanding debts—they will therefore be pleased to make payment to Mr. John Tompkins residing in Richmond, or the subscriber residing in Petersburg, who alone are authorised to make collections and grant discharges.—Suits will be indiscriminately commenced against all who do not make payment before the first of February next.
JOHN DUNLAP, Attorney For JAMES DUNLAP. Petersburg, Nov. 15, 1804. esp
THE SUBSCRIBERS
HAVE connected themselves in trade, and will transact business under the firm of
ST. JOHN & GWATHMEY. They occupy the house below Messrs. Maumelle & Fisher and next to the Bell Tavern.—They will be generally supplied with WEST INDIA GOODS, and will always give the highest price in Cash, for Country Produce. JOHN ST. JOHN. ROBERT GWATHMEY.
THEY HAVE NOW ON HAND: 20 Hogsheads Muscovado Sugar, 7 Bales India Cotton, offered at November, 17. 85¢
THE GR and LODGE OF VIRGINIA will meet in the Mason's Hall, in the City of Richmond, at 6 o'clock in the evening of Monday the 18th day of December next.
W. H. FITZWYLLSONN, G. S. Nov. 14.
NEIL MCCOULT, has received his FALL SUPPLY OF DRY GOODS. Nov. 15. ept 1F
BILLS OF LADING, SHERIFFS, PLANS & BLANK BONDS, &c. &c. FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.

The Rainsborough—Series 2d.
No. III.
ON CELIBACY;
THE CONDITION OF OLD MAIDS AND BATCHELORS.
MAN is a gregarious animal. Like most other animals of the earth, he is disposed to herd with his species. This disposition has made a part of his character wherever he has been found. In complete solitude man is the most powerless and wretched of animals. Without enquiring, therefore, whether in some primeval state of savage brutality, beyond the reach of the records of time, he has followed such a mode of existence, the social trait should be no more omitted in the description of his character, than the erect position of his body, or the reasoning faculties of his mind.
But a very curious inference has been drawn from this trait in the character of man. It has been inferred, that, because like some brute animals, he herds with his species, like them too, instinct and appetite alone, should regulate the sexual connexion. Because man is a gregarious animal, they say, that from the analogy of nature, a promiscuous intercourse of the sexes, has been pointed out as a mode of peopling the earth, most congenial to the temper and character of man. This reasoning may be aptly called brutal, and worthy of the source from which it is drawn; it is properly illustrated by similes taken from the brute creation, and not from the character of a rational being.
But it seems to have been forgotten that man is also a pairing animal. If he has been always found in societies, or herding with his species, he has also always been found, when arrived at the age of puberty, to have selected from among the herd, some one individual female, with whom he has been united by the tenderest and most endearing ties. Marriage then is natural to man; from its rudest to its most civilized state. By marriage I do not particularly mean, the union of a man and a woman, according to the canons of the church, the laws of the country, or the customs of the times; but that union of a pair, which nature dictates. It does not seem necessary to enquire, whether, according to the analogies of animated nature, this pairing would be for a season, or, for life. And whatever should be the result of such an enquiry, it would still follow, that to the legislator must be consigned all permanent civil regulations upon the subject. Leaving therefore to the discussion of others, the laws which nature and propriety would seem to prescribe, as to the manner and duration of the union, whether it should be considered in an ecclesiastical or civil point of view, or whether society should not place this contravention upon the same footing that it has done every other of a private and personal nature: I shall take it for granted, that marriage, as used above, in its broadest construction, is natural to man.
Next to the appetites of hunger and thirst, and the sentiment of self-love, the passion between the sexes is the strongest and most uncontrollable, that marks the character of man. With the savage or the mere sensualist, in partaking so much of the grossness of appetite, it loses half the strength of the passion. With the refined sentimental, by losing all its grossness, it acquires the most unruly predominance. Jealousy, which is but suspected love, has been emphatically called "the hottest hell in which the heart can burn." Such being the nature of this union, and the strength of the passion which produces it, it is natural enough that a superficial thinker should neglect, or scorn the person, whose singleness of condition apparently announces that he has never felt, or refused to indulge the delicious sentiment of virtuous love. Accordingly, precedence is given by the manners and customs of all civilized nations, throughout every social ceremony, to the married above the single. At the festive board, the frivolous chit of sixteen, because she is married, is placed at the right hand of honor and respect, and elevated above the venerable lady, upon the linaments of whose fine countenance, amidst the traces of penetration, intelligence and beauty, may still appear the interesting pentivenees of former disappointment, or the cheerful resignation of early prudence. Philosophers too, men whose opinions, upon most other subjects are entitled to every consideration, have given into the opinion that the married are more respectable than the single. The sentence has been passed by the wary speculator, as well as the light-headed coxcomb.
Three causes have produced and fostered this respect for the marriage state. First, The elegance and refinement of virtuous love. Second, The affecting and tender relations produced by the marriage state. Third, The generally received opinion, that the strength of a country consists in the number of its inhabitants. The two first causes may be considered as moral; the third purely political. As love, and the relations arising out of the marriage state, seem to be so intimately connected, I shall, perhaps, be more perspicuous, at least more concise, by considering them together.
There can be few men less disposed than myself, to impair, by any common place ridicule, or sophistical reasoning, the pleasure arising from a virtuous intercourse between the sexes. "Virtuous love," says the elegant and profound Malthus, "exalted by friendship, seems to be that sort of sensual and intellectual enjoyment, peculiarly suited to the nature of man, and most powerfully calculated to awaken the sympathies of the soul, and produce the most exquisite gratifications. Perhaps there is scarcely a man who has once experienced the genuine delight of virtuous love, however great his intellectual pleasures may have been, that does not look back to that period, as the sunny spot, in his whole life, where his imagination loves most to bask, which he recollects and contemplates with the fondest regret, and which he would most wish to live over again."
There is, indeed, perhaps, scarcely a man who does not cherish the memory of joys that are past, and occasionally regale his imagination with the fond recollection of departed pleasure. Such is the beauty and refinement of virtuous love. The relations arising out of the marriage state, are equally calculated to inspire a contempt for celibacy. Doctor Franklin says, that an old bachelor is like the odd blade of a pair of broken scissors. "The hero of this piece," says the author of the Vicar of Wakefield, (and this is no common authority,) "unites in himself the three greatest characters upon earth: he is a priest, a husbandman, and a father of a family." The "father of a family," under certain circumstances, has, unquestionably, a most enviable lot. The father of a virtuous offspring and the husband of an amiable wife, partakes a felicity, from which the mere single man is entirely cut off. Sources of enjoyment are accessible
to him, of which the swarthy batchelor, and the lecherous woman-hater, have neither the conception nor the capacity of participating. When he watches over the tender infancy of his children—when he marks the early promise of future genius—when he observes the germ of virtue, which had been implanted in the youthful bosom—unfolding its buds, extending its foliage, and shooting out a thousand branches, each pendant with the fruit of some ripening morality—it is then that he is most at peace with the world—it is then that he is the truest lover of his species—it is then that along the bye path of the domestic affections, he reaches the high road of general benevolence. And when he has discovered all that is noble and generous in the temper, all that is soft and benevolent in the heart, all that is grand and comprehensive in the intellect; it is then that he can exclaim, in the sacred frenzy of parental affection, "Oh! who would not be a father?" Though last, not least, is that faithful partner, who has kept with him a constant vigil over the tenderness and weakness of their infant charge; who has participated in all the felicities of the parent; who has softened the cares and lightened the toils inseparable from the condition of man; who has strewed roses upon the midnight pillow of thorns, and invoked "gentle sleep" to settle his balmy stillness on the perturbed spirit of imperfect humanity; who has heightened all the joys of prosperity, & divided, mitigated, and "huddled in peace" all the griefs of adversity.
It requires no leger-de-main, no potent spell, to unravel the mystery, which, hitherto, has heaped ridicule upon the devoted heads of old bachelors, and old maids. But as if these causes had been insufficient to complete the disgrace of celibacy, the statesman steps in with his political maxims, and tells you that it is patriotic to marry. While a certain emperor of Germany was making the tour of his dominions, his courtiers flocked around him, and presented, according to the abilities of each, rich mantles, costly viands, and splendid equipages; a hoary peasant made his appearance among the rest, and presented his imperial master with some ten or a dozen brawny sons—this, said he, is the most valuable present which your humble slave can offer at the footstool of majesty; and history relates that the anointed puppet received this testimony of loyalty with more cordiality than the magnificent baubles of his courtiers. Thus we see that from the prince to the peasant, from the laws of Moses, to those of the United States, "increase, and multiply," is the order of the day. Marry, by all means; beget children for the state; the strength of a country consists in the number of its inhabitants.
I have thus endeavored to shew, as concisely as the nature of an essay like the present will permit, the causes which have elevated, in the estimation of mankind, the married state to far above the single. The justice of this estimate, it is now my business to examine.
Three questions present themselves. First, can neither virtuous love, nor the domestic affections, be indulged, but in the marriage state? Second, if it be conceded that they cannot, are not the want of these indulgencies, overbalanced by exemptions from poverty and care, and other kinds of content, comfort and happiness, peculiar to celibacy? Third, is it the policy of an enlightened nation to encourage population?
It is a common observation that the days of courtship are the happiest of our lives. In actual fruition we cannot exceed the bounds which nature has prescribed. But when the imagination is at work, the entertainment which it prepares is of a different kind; it is a thousand times more exquisite; it may be as durable as life; as boundless as the regions of fancy. Mr. Linton, the late British minister at the United States, is said to have been engaged to his present wife, eighteen or twenty years. It is obvious then, that virtuous love may be indulged without being gratified. It may indeed, I think, be maintained, as no untenable position, that there is greater delight in the indulgence, than the gratification of passion. Between a gratified and a rising want, there is a void which the majority of mankind find it extremely difficult pleasantly to fill up. It is the agreeable, or disagreeable, the virtuous or the vicious mode of filling up this interval which alone constitutes the happy or the miserable, the virtuous or the vicious member of society. A want gratified is synonymous with a passion satisfied. He then, enjoys the truest felicity, and that most congenial to the nature of man, who cherishes a virtuous propensity, and an agreeable and natural inclination, without rashly encountering the tedium and anxiety which follow gratification. How delightful is a reverie! how balmy to the fancy of the sentimental! are those delicious dreams which awakened reason dispels! If I were to decide upon the happiest moment of my life, I should mark those which I have dedicated to the erection of such airy edifices; when the autumnal evening sheds its mild influence o'er the man of feeling; when "twilight grey, has in her livery all things clad." How poor, compared with these, is all the "sober certainty of waking bliss!" How insignificant, in the mind's eye, is the dull routine, of rising and gratified wants, compared to the celestial dream of the imagination? I verily believe that there are some men who enjoy more of life in six hours than others are capable of, in as many centuries. They live and die "like the rank weed that grows and rots on Lethe's bank." Let us then hear no more of the unhappiness of the single state. There is more genuine felicity enjoyed in one hour of contemplated pleasure than in ages of gratified wants. Love by all means. Life is poor without it. But it does not follow that marriage should be the consequence.
Let us see, in the next place, whether the domestic affections cannot be indulged in a state of celibacy. Are there no other domestic affections than those which fill the bosom of the husband and the father? Contracted indeed, were this the case, would be the range of our enjoyments. Have we not brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts, nephews, and nieces, cousins, relatives, friends and servants to love? Happy, as happy as the lot of humanity will admit, is the benevolent man surrounded by affectionate domestics (and it is his own fault if they are not affectionate) sincere friends, and agreeable relatives! It is too true, that we often "figh to find our warmest welcome at an inn;" but even at an inn, a man, a single man too, may be as happy as the wedded pair. He makes a friend of his host; he conciliates the good will of his wife; the children "climb his knees, the envied kiss to share?" the servants are emulous which shall be oftener greeted with the smiles of the stranger; while the domestic animals, the fawning spaniel, the frisky terrier, and he of the purring brood hail his approach as a member of the family. And yet the man is like "the odd blade of a pair of broken scissors." Unphilosophical farcism! Has such a man no ties that unite him to society? Is he a blot in the creation? Has Sterne's favorite character, the venerable uncle Toby, the real relation of every feeling heart, never had a prototype? I trust there are many—many who spend their days in greater comfort to themselves, and utility to mankind, than a thousand procreating blockheads. But if it be conceded that genuine felicity,
virtuous love, and the domestic affections can alone be enjoyed in the marriage state, let us enquire whether there are not considerations of a contrary nature, which outweigh the prospects of these enjoyments; whether there are not content and happiness of another species; exemptions from cares and troubles, incident to the marriage state, which greatly overbalance "conjugal bliss."
Morality is a calculation of consequences, and virtue is the product of their calculations. The passion between the sexes, therefore, as well as every other affair of human life, is virtuous or vicious, according as their calculations are made with correctness or inaccuracy. Love may be pure, without being virtuous, agreeably to this definition; that is, the hearts of the individual agents may be untainted, and yet their connection, if they will carry matters thus far, productive of unqualified misery to themselves and offspring. The love which produces these effects, however unconnected with depravity of heart, cannot properly be called virtuous love. Virtue lies in perspective, remote consequences, and balances them against present pleasures. The weight and solidity of cold deliberation, make present pleasures, tinted with all the gaudy decorations of creative imagination, frequently kick the beam. If then two congenial souls are united by the tenderest ties, their love "pure as consecrated snow that lies on Dian's lap," but pinched by the grudging hand of poverty, destitute of the probable means of supporting a family; it is virtuous or vicious according to the present pleasure which is inevitably to produce future pain? It appears to me, that, under these circumstances the pair who marry, are eminently vicious; while the pair who remain single, illuminated by the mellow lustre of truly virtuous love, and the mild light of reason and experience, are eminently virtuous. The man or the woman who marries, without the means of supporting and educating a family, become responsible to society, and themselves are justly punished, for so much of perfidy, rapine and fraud, as such family, goaded by destitution, may commit. It is in circumstances like these, when a man has seen his children driven to crime, by the ignorance and want which he has entailed upon them, some the guilty victims of seduction, prostitution and disease, others, pining in jails, or rotting on gibbets, that in the wilderness of desperation, on the borders of suicide he exclaims, "Oh! who would be a father?" The marriage state then has its miseries—its peculiar, excruciating torments, from which celibacy is totally exempt. It becomes us therefore to combat this prejudice; to ponder well, before we consign one situation to ridicule and disgrace, and another to approbation and applause.
But the politician will tell you that however hard this may bear upon individuals, whatever misery it may introduce into private families, whatever of vice and crime it may cause to society, yet the strength of a nation consists in its numbers, population ought to be encouraged, and marriage considered as patriotic and honorable.
It will in the first place be necessary to examine the natural effects of the principle of population, when neither encouraged, nor discouraged, but left entirely to its own workings and operations. It has been demonstrated by a late writer, Malthus, whom I have already had occasion and am delighted to quote, that population increases in a geometrical ratio, while the means of subsistence, under any possible state of improved agriculture, can only increase in an arithmetical proportion. That is, population doubles itself every time, and the means of subsistence are only increased, a single unit at each step: thus population progresses in this ratio 2, 4, 8, 16, &c. the means of subsistence increase in this proportion, only 2, 3, 4, 5, &c. At the commencement, the population and the means of subsistence are equal; they both stand at 2; the second series there is a deficit of subsistence to population of 1; at the third, of 4; at the fourth, of 11, and so on, in infinitum. This is a very obvious fact, and has been known for centuries. And so had one still more simple and obvious, been much longer known before any important inferences had been drawn from it. Every rude peasant had known from the commencement of time, that an apple, when unsupported by the stalk of its parent trunk, will fall to the earth; but neither the peasant nor the philosopher ever thought of deducing the principle of gravitation, which rules the physical universe, from the falling of an apple, until the lucky idea struck Sir Isaac Newton. So, from the simple and obvious principle of population, Malthus has drawn correct inferences, of great importance to the moral and political world, as the discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton to the natural.
From the principle of population arises ninety nine out of a hundred parts of the vice and misery of mankind. It is eternally in operation, and forever producing more individuals than the fecundity of the earth can support. Two modes have been suggested of remedying this evil. Cultivating the waste lands to be found in every country; and emigrating to thinly peopled, savage and uninhabited countries. But if the principle of population be corrected, this is only putting off the evil to a distant day. For if there is any truth in arithmetic or geometry, in the relations of number or quantity, then does population overtake by rapid strides, and surpass the means of subsistence. But sophists and visionary philosophers, have found another post in their retreat which they have endeavored to maintain with the missiles of declamation and eloquence; the perfectibility of man, community of goods, and new regulations as to the intercourse of the sexes, and the maintenance and education of the offspring. In the first place, the onus probandi seems to lie upon the advocates of this system; they should prove, or render it probable and plausible that such a state of society is practicable; it does not appear to be incumbent on their adversaries to prove that such a state of society is not practicable. But Malthus, such is the superabundance & luxuriance of probabilities upon this subject, has conceded, for the sake of argument, that such a state of society may be practicable, and then shewn that mankind would soon be obliged to return to the same laws of property, and regulations as to the intercourse of the sexes, and the maintenance and education of their offspring, as at present. If then population has a natural tendency to increase beyond the means of subsistence, and neither any possible state of improved agriculture, nor emigration to new countries, nor, lastly, the perfectibility of man, be a remedy for the evil, it follows that the only remaining, and this by no means an adequate one, is to encourage celibacy, by the respect & approbation of society, or at least to leave it to itself, and not encourage the evil of population by calling ridicule and disgrace on the single state. But let not the disolute imagine that they are here advocated; it is virtuous celibacy that is desirable. Chastity, therefore, although an eminent female duty, should also be considered as a male virtue, and deviations from it not viewed with that indifference which they
* This idea if I mistake not may be found in Godwin, who among many bold original and correct thoughts, has entertained and propagated doctrines of the most pernicious tendency.
now are. A subject remotely connected with those touched upon in the present essay, is CHASTITY, or, The Claims of the Indulgent upon the Wealthy; this, perhaps, may be treated of at a future day. S—
Richmond, Nov. 15, 1804. By the late arrivals from London and Liverpool, W. MACKENZIE & CO. HAVE RECEIVED THEIR Fall Goods.
Nov. 7. ep4w FALL GOODS. WILLIAM TEMPLE has received by the ship Edward and Charles, from London, AN EXTENSIVE ASSORTMENT OF GOODS, suitable to the approaching season. He expects an ADDITIONAL SUPPLY, to complete his assortment, by the ship Sally from London, and Latona from Liverpool; which he will dispose of on his usual low terms. Sept. 8. ep4f
FALL GOODS. COLIN MACRAE has received by the last arrivals from Europe, a very extensive assortment of GOODS, which will be sold on moderate terms for cash or produce, or on time to punctual men. Manchester, Nov. 3. 6t
Fashionable and Fall Goods. BARTLETT STILL HAS For Sale, at his Store, FASHIONABLE FALL GOODS, consisting of—Superfine Calicoes, 6-4 Cambric Dimities, 6-4 Cambric Mullins, India Book Mullins, India Book Handks. India Mull-mull Mullins and Handks. plain and figured, laced Cambric Mullins, 9-8 Colonaude Mullins, Chambray Mullins of all colours, newest patterns, Salmon, Blue, Yellow, Green, Buff, Pink, and black imboss'd Cambric Mullins, damask and laced Cambric Shawls, laced Caps, black and white laced Veils, Spanish Cloaks, 3-4 and 4-4 laced Handks. 6-4 laced Shawls, picnic Gloves, extra long kid and wath Leather Gloves, tecon, silk and worsted Hosiery, color'd camel hair Shawls, 4-4 Linen Sheets and Sheeting, India and French Lutestring, black and white India Satins, Italian and Leghorn Silks, London and French superfine Cloths, superior quality Molekin, Swardown and Tailnet Veil-Coating, 40 pieces Second Cloths at 3 3/4 per cent advance, Patent Cords and Cashmeres, Bayles, Coatings, Bearskins, Fearnoughts, Blankets, Plains, Flannels, Bombazettes, Bombazets, Cambriets and Durants, mill'd Gloves and Stockings, 9 complete sets Table China, 8 tea sets India and French ditto, neat patterns, Imperial and Hylon Teas, best bottle from Gun Powder, double and single barrel'd Guns, Pistols, Dressing Cases, Portable Writing Desks, Playing Cards, Writing Paper and Quills, Morocco Shaving Cases, Beggarian Tables, Reeve's Colours, Copying Machines, Surveyors Compases and Instruments complete, Bailey's Blacking, Windsor Soap and Hair Powder, Marking Types and Durable Ink, Ladies Mahogany Dressing Cases complete, Gold and Silver Watches and Clocks, Pearl and Topaz Bracelets and Ear Rings—Hardham's Snuff, No. 9—Prime Chewing Tobacco and Scotch Snuff—Belt Spanish Segars. A liberal discount for Cash will be allowed for the above articles, with a number of others too tedious to mention. Nov. 7. tf
Irish Linen and Madeira Wine. JOHN HENRY has imported in the ship LATONA, captain Thurston, from Liverpool, a few small boxes of well assorted 4-4ths IRISH LINEN, purchased in Dublin in July; which, with fine old London particular MADEIRA WINE, in pipes and half pipes, he offers for sale on moderate terms. Nov. 7. ep4f
Insurance against Fire. Phenix Fire Office, London, May 1, 1804. THE numerous and destructive Fires which have happened within the period of the two last years, in different parts of Europe and America, (more particularly in the towns of Liverpool in England, Gothenburg in Sweden, and Norfolk in Virginia,) render it proper to remind all persons who possess property in the United States of America of the utility of insurance. The Phoenix Office of London, is an institution sufficiently known by the very large and important losses it has paid, in consequence of the extensive conflagrations in the cities and towns of America to such sufferers as have had the prudence to protect their property, by insurance. The Phoenix Company deeply regret that, owing to the expense of the continued and continued losses, upon the buildings and stores in the timber towns, no alteration nor remission on such risks can be made at present—but the Directors hope from the increase of brick and stone buildings, and other improvements of security, that the period is not far distant, when they will be able generally, to mitigate the rates of insurance in North America; and they confidently presume that the promptitude and honor with which they have uniformly fulfilled their extensive engagements, have unequivocally established the solidity, credit, and good faith of the Company. The Phoenix Company grant insurances upon buildings, goods and ships, whilst in dock or in harbor, from loss or damage by fire, upon the most moderate and equitable terms; and persons desirous of securing their property by policies from this company, are requested to transmit their orders to their correspondents in Great Britain. Nov. 3. ep16t
WILLIAM & MARY COLLEGE. THE Lectures on LAW and POLICE at the College of William and Mary, will commence on the 20th of November. Oct. 20, 1804. [1m]
BROKER'S OFFICE. THE Subscriber has opened a Broker's Office, opposite the Union Tavern, and over the Counting-house of Thomas and Aron Ladd. All business confided to him, will be transacted with first-fidelity. THOMAS NORVELL. October 3. tf
WILL BE SOLD. At public sale, at Zachariah Breaky's Tavern, in Manchester, on Tuesday the 11th of December next, 150 acres of LAND.
ALL in woods, and of prime quality, lying in Chesterfield county, on the north side of the Bucking-ham road, and adjoining the lands of Mr. James Smith, about seven miles from Manchester. The terms of sale will be one half cash, and twelve months credit for the other on giving bond with approved security. Any person wishing to purchase will be shown the land by applying to Mr. James Patterson or Joseph C. Brown of Manchester. Wm. GAY. Buckingham, Nov. 7.
NEGROES—FOR SALE. A LIKELY NEGRO WOMAN, about 36 years old, with three children: two Girls 13 and 8 years old, and a Boy 5 or 6. They are now living with Mrs. Brewer in Redfield county, and will be sold low for cash. Apply to the Editor of THE ENQUIRER, or the subscriber. LAURENCE MUSE. Tappahannock, Sept. 29. tf
NOTICE. THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me; the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States.—And those whose lands have been sold in the district of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshall V. D. July 7. ep4f
WHEREAS doubts are entertained, whether the corporation of the city of Richmond, have authority to appoint a mathematical surveyor, to prescribe and regulate his duties and fees; and it is also doubted, whether a street has been established, communicating from the Ship-yard on the north-west side of Shoemaker-Creek to the north-west corner of the old town of Richmond; and thence along the south boundary of said old town to the south-east corner thereof, and thence to Rocketts upon the margin of the river, or otherwise in one continued and direct course; and doubts also exist, whether there be any street established on the north-west boundary of the said old town by the Market-house; and it is deemed expedient that such doubts should be removed, and such streets (if none exist) established. PUBLIC NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That a petition from the President and Common Council of the said City, will be presented to the next General Assembly of this commonwealth, praying them to explain existing laws, or enact such others, as may most effectually obviate the said doubts, establish (if necessary) the said streets, and authorize the appointment of a surveyor. ANDREW STEVENSON, C. C. C. October 17. (ep4w.)
NEAL NELSON, BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND. MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use. Imported Boots and Shoes of the first quality and newest fashion, for instance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as if they were on the spot. A—the length of the Boot—C—round the Calf—B—the pitch of ditto—D—round the heel and instep—E—round the instep—G—across the ball of the foot. F—the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. June 30. ep4m.
THREE DWELLING HOUSES TO BE RENTED. ONE situate at the foot of Adams' hill, and but a small distance from the Masons Hall, lately occupied by Mr. Thomas Underwood; on this lot there is a very good and well enclosed garden, a well of excellent water and other conveniences. One other situate in the alley between the street leading to Shockoe warehouse, and that leading to Mayo's Bridge, lately occupied by Mr. John Robbins. The other situate in the back street near Harris's Tobacco manufactory, and the Rock landing—having a large garden well included, and at present occupied by Mr. Henry Tompkins. Possession of the two first described may be had immediately, and of the other on the first of January next. Apply to JOSEPH GALLEGO. WHO HAS FOR SALE, A light Coach, nearly new, with plated mounted harness, complete for two horses. 13th October. (ep4f)
Mediterranean Passports. NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the 8th day of July next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel, for which application may be made on a compliance with the terms prescribed by law and surrendering the former passport of which she may be possessed, if any, in which latter case no fee will be required for the exchange; and that by an arrangement agreed upon by the Barbary powers with whom we are at peace, either the old or the new form of passport will be sufficient to protect the vessels of the United States, from capture until the 1st of July 1805, after which the old form of passport will be unavailable and the new one alone in use. Department of State, 23rd of May, 1804. The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazette twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it pasted up in their offices. June, 2.
WILL BE SOLD, On the 29th day of November, to the highest bidder, for cash, at Richard Gregory's Tavern, in Chesterfield county:
FIVE LIKELY NEGROES, or so many of them as will satisfy the debt hereafter mentioned, the property of James Ferguson, of said county; which property is conveyed to us in trust, bearing date on the ninth day of March, in the year one thousand eight hundred and two, by the said James Ferguson, to secure the payment of fourteen thousand six hundred and eighty-six pounds of Tobacco, of the Upper Inspection on James River—Likewise, the sum of three pounds thirteen shillings and six pence, current money of Virginia, with interest and cost from the within mentioned date; due by the said James Ferguson to Miles Selder. RICHARD GREGORY, JOHN R. BRADLEY, GEORGE GARY, Trustees. Nov. 3. 6t
DATES'S ALMANAC—FOR 1805—Publicly sold by Messrs. Davis & Courtney, may be had at the Office of the Enquirer. September 19. ep4f
A PETITION will be presented to the next General Assembly, to establish a PERRY from the hands of Peter Ruff, in Richmond County, to his said Ruff's lands in Essex County. September 15. [3mep.]
BILLS or LADING, SHERIFFS' BLANKS, BLANK BONDS, &c. &c. FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.