Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1808-07-15 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[XVI. II YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1568]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
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FRIDAY, JULY 15, 1808.
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From the Baltimore Federal Gazette.
[The following Letter, which we received with our congressional documents, has not been before published.]
Department of State, April 12.
SIR,
As the documents in this office did not enable me fully to answer the queries contained in the letters written by you, as chairman of the committee to whom were referred the message of the President of the U. States of the 9th and 15th of February, relative to the rupture and amicable settlement with the dey of Algiers, I have delayed my reply to them, under the daily hope of receiving such communications from col. Lear, our consul general at Algiers, as would enable me to give you the information you ask for; but as yet I have received none. As further delay, however, may be inconvenient to the committee, I have the honor to state that our payments to Algiers are of two kinds:
 1. That stipulated by treaty, viz 12 000 sequins, equal to 21,600 dols. made annually in naval stores.  2. Those made in conformity with what is called wage at Algiers, by which it is understood that we are bound. These are,  1. The present on a presentation of a consul $20,000  2. The biennial presents to the officers of government, estimated at 17,000  3. Incidental and contingent presents, as well on the promotion of the principal officers of the dey and regency, as for the attainment of any important object. Of these no estimate can be made.   
As these presents are made in cash, or in articles procured at Algiers for the occasion, and as col. Lear has been furnished with the means of making them, it is believed that they have been regularly made; but of this there is no positive information, as the accounts have not been received.
Various causes have occasionally delayed the payment of the annuity in naval stores.
Some of these will readily suggest themselves to the committee. It may be proper here to state that the loss on the payment made in this way is from 50 to 100 per cent, as the estimate of the stores is made by the officers of the Algerine government, without any reference to their cost. Hence our agent has been instructed to use his efforts to obtain the substitution of a cash payment for that of naval stores; and to enable him the more readily to do this, he has authority to draw either on our bankers in London, or on this department. Drafts accordingly, to enable him to meet the arrangements he lately made at Algiers, have been received at this office; but owing to some cause unknown to me, no dispatches from him on that subject have come to hand. We know only that the annuity due in March 1806, was then paid, and something advanced on account of the annuity which would become due in March 1807. To meet the payment of this annuity, cannon had been purchased; but before they were shipped, it was understood that the present dey would not have them altho' they had been asked for by his predecessor. Hence it became necessary to order other articles in place of them. This was done last summer; and the shipments would have been made but for the precarious state of our foreign relations, and a hope that col. Lear would be able to prevail on the dey to receive money, in lieu of naval stores.
I have the honor to be, Very respectfully, sir, Your obedient servant, JAMES MADISON. The honorable Josiah Quincy, Esq.
FROM THE DEMOCRATIC PRESS.
Mr Binns—The evils and miseries which an abuse of foreign commerce, by an unwise extension of it, has produced and entailed on mankind, have often been discussed and deprecated by the friends of a more equal distribution of the means of procuring the comforts of life, among the greatest number of the people, which the system of fleets and fortifications and all the appendages of foreign trade has a tendency to destroy,
from the comparatively few who can participate in its precarious gains. In the United States of America, where an immensely extensive and fertile territory invites, and a republican government encourages, agricultural pursuits, and interior trade of every description, it is peculiarly important and interesting to all the people, to be accurately informed of the numerous and distinguished advantages they possess in this respect, over almost every other country in the world; these are enumerated, explained and enforced, with such accuracy and ability in the late report of the secretary of the treasury of the U. States, that it is a cause of astonishment and regret, that a work so eminently and extensively useful, should appear only in detached parts, and only in republican papers.
The subject is all important to the interests of the union, to the individual states, and almost to every individual in every state. It should enter into every discussion of qualification for public employment, whether interior improvement, was a principle which would be advocated and supported by the candidates for public suffrage; it is by an attention to this principle, that our population, and of course, our real strength and wealth, will be promoted; and in the due encouragement of it, that the most useful current, will at this time be found for the immense capital now unemployed in the United States.
It is much wished that the able report of the secretary of the treasury, should have as many readers as possible. It would be patriotic in the wealthy friends of agriculture and manufactures, to subscribe for and distribute a few thousand copies among those whose means or whose opportunities may otherwise preclude them from reading this very important public document.
A SUBSCRIBER.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY ON THE SUBJECT OF PUBLIC ROADS & CANALS, MADE IN PURSUANCE OF A RESOLUTION OF SENATE OF MARCH 2.
(Continued.)
The distance from the Schuylkill, at Philadelphia, to Lancaster, is 62 miles and a quarter. Exclusively of the side or summer roads, twenty four feet on the bed of the road are covered with a stratum of pounded stones 18 inches thick in the middle of the road, and decreasing each way to 12 inches. The Valley hills are the most elevated and steep on the road; but the angle of ascent no where exceeds 4 degrees. Stone bridges have been erected across all the intervening streams. Thus across the river Conestoga, consisting of 9 arches, is private property; and the most expensive built by the company, is that across the Brandywine, consisting of three arches of solid masonry, which cost 12,000 dollars. The capital of the company amounted to 350,000 dollars; but this being insufficient, it became necessary to apply a considerable portion of the tolls to the completion of the work. The whole expense amounts to 465,000 dollars, or at the rate of about 7 500 dollars a mile. The annual tolls have not yet exceeded 25,000; and the annual repairs and expenses are estimated at 13,000, leaving a net income of about 12,000 dollars. The prospect of an increased profit, derived from the proposed extension of the road, has however raised the price of that stock nearly to par.
The Lancaster road, the first extensive turnpike that was completed in the U. S. is the first link of the great western communication from Philadelphia. It has been extended ten miles westwardly to Columbia on the Susquehannah, and another branch is now progressing northwardly to Harrisburg, also on the Susquehannah, and 36 miles from Lancaster. The state of Pennsylvania has also incorporated two companies in order to extend the road by two different routes as far as Pittsburgh on the Ohio, and near 300 miles from Philadelphia. The southern route, following the main post road, passes by Bedford and Somerset. The northern route passes by Huntingdon and Frankstown, the highest point to which the Juniata branch of the Susquehannah is navigable. To this route the state has authorised a subscription of 100,000 dollars.
Other roads in a north-west direction from Philadelphia, towards the Genessee and Peque' isle on lake Erie, are also progressing, and have been encouraged by the subscriptions or donations of the legislature. They are generally on a much less expensive plan than those in the direction of Pittsburgh. A section of 30 miles from Lousanne on the Lehigh, to Nescopeck on the Susquehannah, has been completed at the expense of 25,000 dollars, by a company; and it is intended to extend it 70 miles further to Newton, on the Tioga branch of the Susquehannah.
In Maryland, roads extending from Baltimore in various directions, have been lately undertaken by several companies and are rapidly progressing. On the fall turnpike, which extends in a northerly direction, about four miles of a road 22
feet wide, covered with a stratum of pounded stones, 10 inches thick, and having an ascent not exceeding 4 degrees, have been completed at the rate of 7,500 dollars a mile.
The "Reister Town" turnpike, in a northwesterly direction, extends 16 miles to that village; whence two branches extending one 19 and the other 29 miles further, will enter Pennsylvania at two different places. The road 24 feet wide, is covered with a stratum 12 inches thick, of pounded stones no more than 3 inches in diameter. The angle of ascent does not exceed 3 degrees and a half. Ten miles have been completed at 10,000 dollars a mile, and the work is progressing. The capital of the company amounts to 220,000 dollars.
The capital of the "Frederick town" turnpike company amounts to 500,000 dollars; and the company is authorised to open the great western road, as far as Boonsborough, beyond the Blue Ridge, and 62 miles from Baltimore. The angle of ascent will not exceed 4 degrees; the road has a convexity of 9 inches, and on a breadth of 22 feet is covered with a stratum 16 inches thick of pounded stones, not exceeding 3 inches in diameter, over which are spread two inches of gravel or coarse sand. The first 20 miles next to Baltimore, have cost at the rate of 9000 dollars, and the next 17 miles are contracted for at the rate of 9,000 dollars, and the next 17 miles are contracted for at the rate of 7 000 dollars a mile.
The distance from Boonsborough to Cumberland, at the foot of the Allegheny mountain, following the present road is 73 miles, and although the company is not yet authorised to extend the turnpike to that place, the ground has been surveyed, and it is ascertained that the road may be continued with an angle of ascent not exceeding 4 degrees. The ascent of the road laid out by the U. S. from Cumberland to Brownsville, on the Monongahela does not exceed 5 degrees, and the distance is 72 miles; making the whole distance of a turnpike road from Baltimore to the navigable waters of the Ohio, 207 miles. The distance from the city of Washington to the same spot on the Monongahela is some miles shorter, being as already been stated, the shortest communication between tide water and the navigable western waters.
South of the Potomac few artificial roads have been undertaken. From Alexandria one is now progressing in a northwesterly direction towards Middleburgh. Another has lately been commenced from Richmond to Ross's coal mine. But the only one which, so far as any accounts have been received, is completed, extends 12 miles from Manchester opposite to Richmond, in a westerly direction to the coal mines of Falling creek. This road, 36 feet wide, is gravelled and has cost 50,000 dollars; but the last 4 miles did not cost more than at the rate of 3000 dollars a mile. Yet it is sufficiently substantial, the route being very level, to admit waggons carrying four tons.
The greatest progress made in the improvement of roads in the northern part of the union, must be principally ascribed to a more compact population, which renders those improvements more necessary, and at the same time supplies with greater facility the means of effecting them. The same difference is perceptible in the number of bridges erected in the several states.
In the eastern states, and particularly Massachusetts, wooden bridges uniting boldness to elegance, and having no defect but want of durability, have been erected over the broadest and deepest rivers. In the lower counties of Pennsylvania stone bridges are generally found across all the small streams. Both in that state and at some distance eastwardly, bridges with stone piers and abutments, and a wooden superstructure are common over wide rivers. Of these the most expensive, and which may be considered as the first in the United States, is the permanent Schuylkill bridge near Philadelphia, erected by a company at an expense of 300,000 dollars. Its length including the abutment does not exceed 750 feet and it is supported only by two piers and the abutments. But those piers, 195 feet apart are of the most solid workmanship, and one of them sunk at a depth of more than 24 feet below low water. The bridge is 42 feet wide, and the wooden superstructure is enclosed and covered with a single roof.
The want of bridges south of Pennsylvania, even on the main post road, is sensibly felt. One lately thrown across the Potomac, three miles above the city of Washington, and which without any intervening piers is wholly suspended by iron chains extending from bank to bank, deserves notice on account of the boldness of its construction, and of its comparative cheapness. The principle of this new plan, derived from the tenacity of iron seems applicable to all rapid streams of a moderate breadth.
The general principles of improved roads seem to be: 1st, the reduction of hills by diminishing the angle of ascent, which ought not to exceed, whenever practicable, 3 degrees and a half, and under no circumstances five degrees; 2d, a sufficient convexity in the bed of the road, together with ditches and drains, all which are intended to prevent the injury caused by standing water or freshets; 3d, an artificial bed of pounded stones or gravel sufficiently substantial to support the weight of the carriages in general use on the road either for the conveyance of persons, or for the transportation of merchandise.
(To be Continued.)
LATEST Foreign Advices.
From London papers to the 15th May, received by the Osage , arrived at New-York.
LONDON, April 21.
ADMIRALTY COURT, DOCTOR'S COMMONS.
This day the Right Hon. Sir Wm. Scott proceeded to the adjudication of the following case:
Sally, Picket, master. —This American vessel, in ballast, was going from one French port to another, when she was captured by the Shannon frigate, and brought to Plymouth. Ship condemned for breach of blockade.
Ketty, Morhouse, master. —This American vessel, laden with salt, fruit and wine, was captured on a voyage from Lisbon to New-York, and sent into Plymouth. The court condemned the ship, and that part of the cargo proved to belong to a Portuguese merchant, and restored the remainder.
Oriental, Bartlett, master. —This vessel under American colours, with salt on board, was captured by a Shannon frigate. It appearing to the court, the salt was not more than sufficient for ballast, it restored the ship and cargo, subject to the captor's expenses.
April 28.—This day the Right Hon. Sir W. Scott, proceeded to the adjudication of the following cases:
Fame, Ham, master. —This American ship laden with salt, fruit, wine, &c. was on a voyage from Lisbon to Providence, when captured by the Comus , and sent to Falmouth—Ship condemned for breach of blockade; part of the cargo claimed, for a Portuguese merchant, restored.
Sally and Hetty, Fleming, master. —This vessel, under American colours, with a cargo similar to the above, was on a voyage from Lisbon to Philadelphia, when captured by the Blossom sloop and brought to Portsmouth. Ship and cargo condemned on the ground of breach of blockade, and the master's private adventure restored.
April 29.—This day the Right Hon. Sir Wm. Scott proceeded to the adjudication of the following case:
Manchester, Reynolds, master. —This American vessel, laden with wine, fruit, and salt, from Cadiz to Philadelphia, was captured by the Carolina privateer, and brought to Plymouth. Ship condemned for breach of blockade, as was that part of the cargo claimed by a Mr. Cooke, and the remainder restored.
May 9.
A Dutch paper of the 30th ult. containing accounts from Paris of the 25th reached town on Friday, brought by a gentleman who with difficulty escaped from Holland. They are not important. Letters received at the same time state, that King Louis had issued a decree since his arrival at Amsterdam, for the establishment of measures of additional rigour against any communication with this country. They also mention that the captain and crew of a vessel which some time since conveyed an English gentleman from Holland (the Hon. Cecil Jenkinson) were on their return thrown into prison, and it was supposed the former would be proceeded against as having been guilty of a capital offence. The transfer of the court to Amsterdam had diffused a temporary gaiety and splendour in that town; but the distress throughout the country is represented as general and increasing.
May 10.
It is said, that a decree is about to be issued ordering the capture of all Americans, in conformity with that issued at Bayonne. This information was brought by an American vessel, which would herself have been detained, had she remained another day within the power of the enemy.
May 11.
Our readers may rely upon the authenticity of the following communication:
Extract of a letter dated Helder, May 4, 1808.
A decree issued by the emperor at Bayonne, reached Amsterdam the 28th April, confirming all measures previously decreed respecting navigation; and, I am well informed, subjecting all American vessels, with their cargoes, if met at sea or arriving in any port of France, to positive condemnation. The reason assigned is, that the embargo in America has been of such long continuance, that no vessel can reach the ports of the continent without having been previously sent into England. The ship Mary, capt. Kimbell , and the brig Newton capt. Daly , have been ordered out of the Texel, without having intercourse with the shore; and if they had arrived after the 28th ult. I think it probable they would have been confiscated by orders of the government. You may consider the above information as correct, for I have it
from numerous and respectable authorities.
May 13.
Accounts which may be relied upon, containing intelligence of a very late date have been received from the French coast. The embargo laid upon all American vessels in the French ports is stated to have been a measure carried into effect in conformity with the Bayonne decree. We understand, however, that pains have been taken in the drawing up of the decree, to give it the colour and air of a proceeding much less hostile to the Americans than at first was imagined. It is pretended that this act of kind consideration towards America—a precaution for the benefit of her citizens, to prevent their property being seized by the British; since it is notorious they cannot venture upon the high seas, without encountering the risk of becoming the prey of British cruizers.
May 15.
America seems now called upon to make an immediate decision in regard to England or France. In consequence of the American decree, Bonaparte has now decreed, by an ordinance, dated from Bayonne, that every American vessel found in the European seas shall be captured and condemned. The expediency of this order is pretended to be founded on the idea, that in consequence of the American decree, which prohibits the merchant vessels of America from trading to Europe, every merchant vessel found in the European seas, and pretended to be American, must be a forgery, and assume a character to which it is not entitled.
The only Gottenburg mail due, arrived yesterday with letters and papers from Sweden to the 7th inst. The report of a descent on the Island of Gotland, by the enemy is confirmed, but it was only a predatory enterprise. It was effected not by ten thousand French and Russians, as former accounts stated, but by a force of between two and three thousand Russians alone from Liebau. The Russians have also taken Oeland, another Island in the Baltic, between Sweden and Gotland, but we may presume, that the arrival of the British forces, will arrest these expeditions in future. There was a report that the Russians have been defeated with considerable loss in Rinland , in an attack upon Sweaburg , but this wants confirmation, and we are sorry to add, that the Swedes have sustained a loss in Norway . The official report of the Baron Armfeldt , dated headquarters, at Prahlus , the 22d April, states that a Swedish corps, under Count Morner , was attacked and surrounded by a superior force, and that the Swedes had 60 prisoners taken, and 90 killed and wounded. An unofficial account states the prisoners as high as 600. Baron Armfeldt , also admits in his report, that the Norwegians have recovered from the first impressions made by the sudden invasion of their country, and attack the Swedes wherever they shew themselves.
Yesterday we received Paris papers to the 10th inst. The Moniteur of the 4th contains the following important documents relative to the Spanish Revolution:
Report to his imperial highness the Grand Duke of Berg lieutenant of the Emperor, Commander of his forces in Spain.
"Monsieur!—Agreeably to the command of your imperial highness, I prepared with the letter of your highness to the Queen of Etruria at Aranjuez. It was eight o'clock in the morning; the Queen was still in bed, she rose immediately, and bade me enter. I delivered your letter to her; she begged me to wait a little and said she would go and read it with the King and Queen. Half an hour afterwards, I saw the queen of Etruria enter with the king and queen of Spain. His majesty said, that he thanked your imperial highness for the share you had taken in his affliction, which was the greater, as his own son was the author of it. The king said that the revolution had been effected by forgery and corruption, and the principal actors were his son, and M. Cabello, minister of justice; that he had been compelled to abdicate the throne, in order to save the lives of himself and the queen; that he knows that but for this, they would have been murdered in the course of the night; that the conduct of the Prince of Asturias was more shocking, seeing that himself, (the King) having perceived his desire to reign, and being himself nearly sixty years of age, had agreed to surrender the crown to him, on his marriage taking place with a French Princess, which the king ardently desired. The King and Queen should repair to Bajadoz , on the frontiers of Portugal; that he had got means to inform him that the climate of that country did not suit him; that he sought to obtain permission of the Emperor to purchase an estate in France, where he might end his days. The Queen told me she begged of her son to postpone their journey to Bajadoz , that she had not procured this, and that the journey was to take place on the ensuing Monday. And the moment I was departing from their majesties, the King said to me, "I have written to the Emperor, in whose hand I repose my fate." I wished to send my letter by a courier, but I know no surer means of sending it than by your's. The King left me then in order to repair to his Cabinet. He soon returned with the following letters (No. 1 and 2) in his hand, which he gave me and added these words, "My situation is most deplorable; they have seized the Prince de la Paz, and will put him to death; he has committed no other crime than that he has at all times been attached to me." He added there were no efforts which he would not have attempted to save the life of his son.

happy friend but that he had found the whole world deaf to his entreaties, and bent with vengeance; that the death of the Prince de la Paz would draw after it his own, and that he should not survive him.
"B. DE MOUTON." Aranjuez, March 23 1808.
No. 1—Letter from King Carlo IV, to the Emperor Napoleon.
"Sir my brother—Your majesty will assuredly bear with pain of the events which have taken place at Aranjuez, and their consequences; you will not, without sympathy, see a king, who has been compelled to resign his throne, throw himself into the arms of a great monarch, his ally, placing every thing in his protection, who alone can fix his happiness and that of his whole family and his trusty and beloved subjects. Under the pressure of the moment, and amid the clash of weapons, and the cries of a rebellious guard, I found that I had to choose between my life and death, and that my death would be followed by that of the queen; I was compelled to abdicate the throne; but to-day peace is restored, and full of confidence in the generosity and genius of the man who has at all times declared himself my friend, I have taken my resolution to resign myself in his hands, and await what he shall resolve on my fate, that of the queen and of the prince de la Paz. I address myself to your majesty, and protest against the events which took place at Aranjuez, and against my dethronement. I rely with confidence and altogether upon the cordiality and friendship of your majesty, praying that God may have you in his holy keeping—Sir, my brother, your Royal and Imperial majesty's affectionate brother and friend,
"CARLOS." Aranjuez, March 23 1808.
NO. II. "I protest and declare, that my decree of the 19th of March, in which I renounce my crown in favor of my son, is a deed to which I was compelled, in order to prevent greater calamities, and spare the blood of my beloved subjects. It is therefore to be considered as of no authority."
Signed "THE KING." Accounts have been received stating that a Treaty has been signed at Bayonne, between Bonaparte and the new King of Spain. The following is the substance:
By the first article, Bonaparte recognizes the new King of Spain, Ferdinand the VIIth.
By the second, he confers upon him the administration of Portugal till a general peace.
Another article relates to the Prince of Peace, who, we hear had not been released from prison at the date of the Treaty, but who is to be sent into France. The article contains an accusation against him.
Another article declares that Spain joins in the confederation of the Rhine, and that her contingent is to be 30,000 men.
Another article cedes to France a port in Spanish America.
There are secret articles which have not transpired.
PARIS, April 28.
From Algiers the following official Report has been received:— "The measures pursued by the Dey of Algiers towards the Europeans become every day more violent. The Dey having scarcely the government in his hands, not being assured of the fidelity of his troops, and even the confirmation of his office from the Grand Senior, his sovereign, not being arrived, and being involved in a bloody war with the Bey of Tunis, though he might in spite of the difficulties of his situation levy tribute upon all nations.
"On the 22d inst he made a demand of the Swedish, Danish, and Dutch Consuls, that they should bring him their presents; and required of the Consul of America 18,000 double piasters, in order to indemnify him for the loss of nine American taken in an American vessel. The Consul pretended that the crew of the vessel had thrown the men overboard, as they were on the point of being boarded by one of her cruisers.
"The Consul of Sweden immediately agreed to the present.
"On the 23d, the three Consuls of Denmark, Holland and America were summoned to the Palace.
"The Consul of Holland said, he expected instructions from his government, and that he could not, till he received those instructions, make any present. On this the Dey caused it to be intimated to him, that unless he instantly on the arrival of his messenger, received his present, he should put his children into irons and send them to labor.
"The Consul of America had not yet received official tidings of the Act of which the Dey had complained, and thought that he could not, without the order of his government, pay the 18,000 piasters.
"The Dey answered him that unless he should pay the sum in four days he should have cast him in irons, or he must deliver to him the Americans whom he would hang up at the gate of Bab Azoun.
"Mr. Ulrich, Consul of Denmark making representation of the state of his country, said, that the vessel which contained his present, had been seized by the English and confiscated, and that the English agent at Algiers himself would testify this; the Consul solicited time of the government; but the Dey paying no respect to the character of an agent speaking in the name of his master caused him to be seized by the officers of justice in the midst of the Palace, and taken to prison, amidst the shouts of a barbarous populace.
"Those who could not enter into this horrid prison saw this worthy man among the slaves in his official dress and loaded with a chain of sixty pound weight, which Mr. Ulrich bore with fortitude and courage; he merely recommended to his friends the care of his wife and five children.
"At length the Dey resolved on the exchange of all the European Consuls to set the Danish Consul at liberty, and while he was occupied working with the slaves, they came and took off his chain.
"What security is there against the renewal of these acts of violence."
"All the slaves here are treated with the most horrid cruelty; 450 Portuguese shut up in prison—The Court of Lisbon delayed sending the tribute. The government has not sent it in any relief and they are in extreme wretchedness. The officers as well as sailors are condemned to labor and are loaded with ignominy."
"A great number of Neapolitans, also slaves not in a less pitiable situation; and the Dey who expects to conquer Tunis in the first campaign, hopes to make a booty of 3000 more European slaves whose ransom he will fix very high. Since he has been forced to give up all the slaves who were subjects of the Emperor Napoleon, it seems that he is resolved to make his system of robbery press harder upon the other foreigners."
NEW-YORK, July 9.
Intelligence has been received in this city from a respectable commercial house in Madeira, under date of May 26th, stating, that the Spaniards had risen, attacked, and beaten the French army in Spain; and that the British squad off Cadiz was expected to co-operate with the Spanish fleet in conveying Charles IV, a Spanish royal family to South America. It was a report current in the British fleet off Lisbon, that the Portuguese squadron in its voyage to Rio Janeiro had captured four Spanish frigates, having on board forty millions of dollars. Mr. Adv.
BALTIMORE, July 8.
The patriotic and manly toast drunk on the 4th inst. by the "First Marine Artillery Company of the Union," a Piquet, American, are the best comments that need be given on the noisy insinuations of those restless spirits who declaim against the embargo. This corps is composed of the most respectable commanders of vessels who sail out of the port of Baltimore; and upon no class of men does the embargo more immediately operate, by its pressure and privations, than upon men on a seafaring life, and consequently no class of men are more capable of judging of its beneficial effects. It is a remark worthy of notice, that while the merchants, the mechanics, and the mechanics, have unequivocally and generally approved the wisdom and propriety of the embargo, and its supplementary laws—a set of non-intercourse acts enacted in the welfare of the nation, and affected by its suspension, the most violent invectives against government for the adoption of those measures have emanated from lawyers—from men who have been on the turnips and miseries of their fellow citizens.
WASHINGTON CITY, July 9.
TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES
Countrymen! I offer the following article for your serious consideration. It is copied from the London Times, of April 28, a leading ministerial paper; and the letter was doubtless written by an Englishman—one who, perhaps, is now rejoicing among us the rights of hospitality, the courtesies of friendship, and probably partaking in the pleasures of our social circles. Republicans! Federalists! You are all included: Our form of government is ridiculed: You are denounced as a "mob."
But let us not rot this foreign letter writer with injustice. Do we not furnish too much cause, by our assured bickerings, by our ridiculous and vile publications in many of our newspapers, or a charge of French and English attachments? "The Democrats are violent against England, the Federalists against France." Is it so? Do we forget our own country, in our partialities for others? Have we no name among the nations? For Heaven's sake, let us lay aside our contemptible squabbles; let us rally round the government to a man, and so act as to put the seal of complete faith upon such descriptions as the following. Of every class of men in the country there is hope, except the Essex Junto.
London, May 28.
"By the Halifax Mail we were favored with the following letter
New-York, May 10.
"We are still laboring here under the embargo, which was foolishly laid on to stay our ships; but oppression reverts with tenfold severity on the wretches who caused it."
"We are perfectly in the dark respecting the negotiation with England; and rumors so opposite prevail, that no reliance can be placed upon any thing we hear. The Democrats are violent against England, the Federalists against France; so that our country is out with all Europe. The Americans call their government a democracy; but it appears to be a genuine logocracy, which is a government of words. If they are injured, the President makes a speech; if insulted or robbed, the President makes a speech. If an insurrection breaks out, what does the President do? Why he sends out a proclamation, and commands them to be quiet!"
"The congress have done nothing at all this session but talk, except passing, amending, and re-amending the embargo law, pity the poor President's situation; threatened by Bonaparte on one side, and having no decent pretence to break with England on the other. If he becomes the friend of France, he dreads the power of Britain; if he makes an alliance with England his popularity is gone forever; he is something like the ass between two bundles of hay, in a perfect state of indecision. A man would know what to do, and would act without hesitation; but a demagogue, the sovereign people is completely trampled."
"I sincerely wish I was safe with you in London, where, I suppose, our wise embargo will have made business brisk; and you now my wish to get out of this worldly sub-governed country, if it were possible."
Virginia Argus.
RICHMOND:
FRIDAY, JULY 15, 1808.
Bonaparte's late decree excludes all American vessels from the European seas, after the 28th of April.
Every act of hostility against Great Britain, no matter how imperious her own conduct may require it, is immediately tormented by the federalists to signify some inimical design against America. The many instances of evading the embargo to furnish Great Britain and its dependences, are known to the world. The commercial spirit of this country is particularly fond of Great Britain, and when to it runs so high, as to beat over the laws and regulations of its own country, it cannot be expected that Bonaparte will remain perfectly passive. The decree may appear harsh, but it is certainly the unavoidable effect of harsh causes. This ordinance offers its own excuse—that if the American vessels venture upon the high seas, they will certainly be captured by British cruisers. We will not offend federalism so far, as to draw any inference from this circumstance, to prove that Bonaparte is not decidedly hostile to this country; but we will leave them the gratification of their own belief, and merely enquire if the statement of this decree is not a fact? That our vessels would become British prizes. What the virtue of our own citizens would not perform, has been done (if they will give it so) by an inveterate enemy. While this decree renders the embargo more operative against Great Britain, it operates with equal force against France. We indignantly disclaim any predilection in behalf of Britain or of France, and we cannot consider the federalist outcry of French fear, and French influence, as nothing more than a retaliating charge to answer the one with which they are so justly accused, British principles and British alliances. We are willing to admit that the beams of liberty no longer play upon the winds covered hills of France," we are willing to admit that we hear and condone in the cries of European slavery, and we are willing to admit that hereafter Bonaparte may entertain a wish to fix the rings of tyranny upon the world. What other concessions can they want to disprove their charge? Is it a declaration of war against France? Is it an alliance offensive and defensive with Great Britain? Or is it, that we should furnish the contingent of a navy? to resolve in the vain hope of re-establishing the order of Europe. Great Britain has avowed that she would wage eternal war with France, and she has also declared, that the laws of nations and the rights of neutrals, are nothing more than chaff before the wind. Under these circumstances, forsooth, we are to forsake the peace, happiness and independence of the United States, to become the bloody-buddy of a little Island in a war, without an object and without a termination. These are the horrid proofs that they require to parry off the scandalous charge of French fear and affection—to become the pupil of a war nation, to be chided without a fault, to be scourged without a murmur. It is necessary, fellow-citizens, to look upon the times with Lynx-eyed vigilance; the spirit of federalism has broken from its tomb and now haunts you in every possible shape. This desperate set have caught the desperation of the war party, and what will desperation do?
In some parts of the union, we find them boasting of having expended immense sums of money in the prosecution of their schemes, in others the papers are teeming with mischievous-breathing pieces, and in others, they are setting up presses to be conducted by their first blood and choice spirits. To give you an illustrative and impressive instance of these news paper associations, it will be only necessary to mention a paper which has lately appeared in Baltimore under the title of "The Federal Republican," professing to be federal, and professing to be the offspring of an association, and to mention that the famous Luther Martin is at the head of the van. This the devoted friend of honorable treason. When such potent serpens crawl from their holes, the political climate must be intense yhot!
The subject of home manufactures becomes every day more important. We look to it as a mirror, which reflects the native beauty of our country, and we ought at least to give way to the flattery of self-gratulation so far, as to know that we are capable of living within ourselves, and if we choose, to indulge even our vanity with the most fanciful habilitments.
The specimens of our looms which have been lately worn, present a texture sufficiently fine to gratify European taste. Under these circumstances, fellow citizens, when we receive daily information that our sails shall not open their bosoms to the breezes of Heaven without a stab, when we are indignantly driven from the ocean—the unqualified inheritance of man—we should surely be grateful, that we can retire from these incarnate demons of the earth, from whom war is passive, and murder exultation.
If there ever was a period which demands the warmest exertion of patriotism, that period has arrived, and the people of America are now called upon by the most painful propensities of humanity, to see whether they have virtue enough to support a republican form of government.
What have we to do with the bloody seas, so long as we can enjoy tranquility and plenty at home, without the least dependence upon powers abroad! Most republican governments have flourished in a state of infancy, but they have seldom arrived at the prime of manhood. The cause is most plainly depicted by the pencil of history—luxury of manners and its correlative corruption of mores. The abstract politician who views the present state of things in solitude, would be apt to pronounce the passing juncture, a happy corrective to habits that were becoming too voluptuous, and sentiments too vitiated and hollow. When we completely occupy our attention with home manufactures, and when foreign humors are sufficiently removed, it will not only be a loom to weave our garments, but to interweave our hearts. Then might our enemies exclaim in the Heathen proverb, behold how these Americans love one another.
The federalist who had sighed for the workmanship of Britain, and he that may have delighted in the colors of France, would unite in the dignified choice of VIRGINIA CLOTH. This is a most lovely piece, through which we view the prospect, when we may say, we are all brothers, we are all republicans. The acerbities of party spirit would subside, like the bubbles of a disturbed brook, and sink into the great stream of American patriotism, which would flow on, sure and majestic. I am contemplating this interesting theme, we can but exhort our fellow citizens to exert every faculty in the encouragement of home manufactures. It would be the best comment we could make upon the embargoes of Europe, and it would be our best palladium of defence. We are told that our president, the man after our own hearts, appeared, on the 4th of July, in home-spun attire; the spectacle must have been interesting, and the example must be impressive; for who can be ashamed to wear the same cloth, which is worn by the greatest man, in the most enviable office of the world? Who is ashamed to wear the dress, which, louder than the voice of Stentor, and sweeter than the harmony of Cicero, proclaims self-independence. If there be any, we can but conclude in the words of Cowper—
"Then what is man? And what man seeing this, and having human feeling, does not blush, and hang his head to own himself A MAN?"
As poor Cheetam! You have too long soared upon the wings of slander; you have dared to approach too near the light of truth and virtue; your wings have melted, and you have fallen. Oh! what a fall is there, my countrymen! The magnificent edifice of the Republican Watch-Tower has tumbled into ruins, and the American Citizen has proved himself an Englishman. You should have recollected, Mr. Cheetam, the 16th ede of Horace, which describes the taking of a tower of brass and iron gates, with silly masts, merely by a shower of gold. Who played the part of Jupiter with you?
We can but admire the energetic conduct of the 2d and 7th wards of New York, who have published Cheetam's apostasy; this conduct deserves imitation elsewhere.
The Fourth of July.
Monday the 4th of July, being the anniversary of American Independence, a large and respectable portion of the citizens of Goochland county, assembled at Col. John Curd's springs, for the purpose of celebrating the day. A barbecue was prepared for that purpose, which, together with the drinks, were entirely the productions of the United States. The company generally were dressed in Virginia cloth. After dinner (the ladies having retired) the following toasts were drank.
 1. America: May the spirit of her patriots and their descendants be invigorated by every aggression on our rights.  2. The commerce of America: May it be relinquished entirely, or maintained upon the immutable grounds of justice and of right.  3. The ocean, the high road of commerce: May the world combine to hunt down the robbers who infest it.  4. England: May she be taught that the rights of nations do not consist in the strength of navies.  5. The government of the United States: May it continue by due energy to defend the rights and liberties of its citizens.  6. Domestic manufactures: They will co-operate with our republican systems to perpetuate the blessings of independence.  7. The embargo law; a measure of necessity: May it prove equal to the purposes for which it was intended.  8. Thomas Jefferson; the statesman, the patriot and the bulwark of our liberty: After retiring from office, may the sweets of retirement solace his declining years.  9. James Madison: May his ample services, meet their ample and speedy reward, the fullest confidence of the American people.  10. James Monroe: A grateful country will in due time, remunerate him for his services.  11. George Clinton; respected for his virtues, and revered for his age: May the tranquility of his declining life be unmoistened by the cares of public business.  12. The attack on the Chesapeake: Ever to be remembered, and to be forgiven only when due reparation shall be made for the outrage.  13. The American seamen: May the bosom of their country burnish them with a safe and pleasant retreat from the dangers and insults of the ocean.  14. The fair sex: May the example which they have set, by appearing here this day, robed in garments wrought with their own hands, be a lasting guide for the daughters of Columbia.  15. John Quincy Adams: So long as the temple of liberty is worshipped in America, may the part he acted while in the senate of the United States, be hailed with rapture and gratitude.  16. Our fellow citizens now assembled at the courthouse: May they enjoy as much harmony as hath prevailed among us this day.  17. The day we celebrate: May it ever be remembered by all who call themselves Americans. 
At a meeting of a number of respectable citizens, at the house of Col. Roger Gregory of Mecklenburg, on Monday the 4th of July, convened for the purpose of celebrating that day, the following proceedings took place.
Deeming it a duty for all good citizens and republicans, publicly to express their sentiments at this awful and momentous crisis of their country, when the rights of nation are openly violated, and our existence as an independent nation threatened by obnoxious decrees and orders, enforced with the malevolence of hatred, and the cruelty of barbarism; a though we have most scrupulously adhered to a strict and impartial neutrality, do make and ordain unanimously, the following resolutions, in order to demonstrate to the world, our undiminished confidence in the wisdom and patriotism of our government.
Resolved, 1st. That Capt. John C. Goode be appointed President, and Dr. John R. Lucas, Vice President to this meeting.
Resolved, That Maj. Hutchens Ferrell be appointed Secretary.
Resolved, That the citizens of Mecklenburg will celebrate the 4th of July.
Resolved, That Col. Roger Gregory be requested to prepare a geniel dinner.
Resolved, That no exotic liquor be drunk on this occasion, and that the president, vice president, orator and secretary, together with those gentlemen appointed on the committee to make arrangements, have set an example worthy the imitation of others, by each appearing dressed almost entire in Virginia cloth.
Resolved, That John W. Higginbotham, Esq. be requested to deliver an oration appropriate to the day.
After arrangements being thus made the militia of the 98th regiment were drawn in a line, and by the field officers marched to a place selected (where they formed a circle) to hear the oration. If ever there was a circumstance sufficient to excite the feelings of a true American, it surely was this. Scarcely a word was spoken, nor did a man move disorderly, during the delivery of the oration. Every eye was fixed on the orator, and all seemed deeply impressed with the importance of the subject. After the oration was ended, the company retired to a room, where they partook of a delicious repast and drank the following toasts.
 1. The day we celebrate: May each return of it, find us in the entire enjoyment of our rights, liberties and independence. 3 cheers.  2. Thomas Jefferson: Succeeding ages will be at a loss which most to admire, the wisdom of his government, or the magnanimity which prompts him to descend from the first office within the gift of a free people. 3 cheers.  3. The embargo: The offspring of wisdom, the safeguard of our prosperity, the preservation of our seamen; it denies us only luxuries, but carries unerring destruction into the vitals of our foes. 4 cheers.  4. The manufacturing genius of our countrymen: The wrongs of Britain first roused it, the aggressions of France will continue it, and the patriotism of our citizens will reward it. 2 cheers.  5. Our seamen in bondage: Their liberation and future security, or no treaty. 4 cheers.  6. James Madison and James Monroe: The tried friends of their country, and in its affection they receive their reward. 2 cheers.  7. The memory of George Washington: It will be cherished as long as virtue has a votary, or patriotism a disciple. 4 cheers.  8. Britain: Gold is her God, exchange her chapel, universal discord her text, right and wrong she measures by force; the execrations of the universe will shortly be heaped upon her. 2 cheers.  9. France: While struggling for her liberty and independence, our sympathies and best wishes were with her, but her Sun of glory has set in an imperial cloud, and obscured the splendor of her rising republic. 3 cheers.  10. John Q. Adams: May his ungrateful constituents be brought to know his real worth. 2 cheers.  11. The sons of Columbia: Slow to anger and hard of resentment, yet firm, dignified and intrepid. 3 cheers.  12. Independence: The characteristic of the American people; may it be preserved uncontaminated. 2 cheers.  13. 1776: May the spirit which then pervaded, now dignify the countenances of a free people. 5 cheers.  14. The United States: One sentiment one people; may we never see divisions among us. 6 cheers. cheers. 15. Energy of government: Equal responsibility to officers and men. 2 cheers.  16. The republican members in the legislature of Massachusetts: They deserve well of their country. 3 cheers.  17. The American fair: Their smiles are only due to the defenders of their country's rights. 4 cheers. 
VOLUNTEERS.
By the President. Equal loss and equal gain: May we share alike the fate of adversity, and reap together the laurels of prosperity.
By the Vice President. Timothy Pickering and his partisans: May they shortly have what they richly merit, a strong halter each.
By the Secretary. Peace to the whole world.
By Major Francis Ballard. Aaron Burr and his associate traitors: Confusion to their plans, perdition to their plans, honest judges on their trials, and strong halters round their necks.
By Capt. Francis Gregory. Our surplus produce: When thrown in the scale with national honor, 'tis but a mite.
By Capt. John B. Goode. The venerable Clinton: Respectable in decay; but age debilitates the mind as it enervates the body.
By John W. Higginbotham, Esq. May every king be lathered with acquiescence, and shaved with a hand saw.
By Robert H. Jones, Esq. The next administration; Like Jefferson's, just, like his, popular.
By John Barron, Esq. America, the asylum of the oppressed; May she always be able to repress her wrongs.
By James Townes, Jr. Esq. The patriotic citizens of the day; Peace, health and friendship.
By Samuel Lark, Esq. Neutral rights; May they be well understood and proudly maintained.
By James Whitlow, Jr. Esq. The orator of the day.
Resolved, That the President of this meeting be requested to present their most sincere thanks to John W. Higginbotham, Esq. for the eloquent and patriotic oration delivered by him on the present occasion.
Resolved, unanimously, That the proceedings of this meeting be published in the Petersburg Republican and Virginia Argus.
JOHN C. GOODE, President. HUTCHENS FERRILL, Secretary.
The evidence on the British Orders, delivered before parliament, is continued on the 4th page of this day's Argus, and will be concluded on Tuesday.
The following gentlemen were, on Saturday last, appointed managers for the Petersburg Manufacturing Society, viz. Wil-

Extract from evidence of the British Or- ders, delivered before the English Parlia- ment.
(Continued)
Mr. Rathbone.
If the exportation of cotton wool from the continent is stopped, do you not conceive that the price of that ar- ticle would fall very considerably? Certainly; that must be a necessary con- sequence.
And that in consequence of that ar- ticle would fall very considerably? Cer- tainly; that must be a necessary con- sequence.
And that in consequence of that fall in the price, a very small proportion of the cotton wool now brought from America would continue to be brought over? Certainly.
And that although the embargo in America were removed immediately, there would not be the same temptation to bring over cotton wool to this coun- try? By no means.
And that consequently there would not be the same means of exporting manufactured goods to America? Our exports to America must diminish ve- ry considerably.
Do you conceive that if the embar- go in America were continued, or the non-importation act rendered quite general in America, a contraband trade to that country would enable any thing like the same amount of exports to be continued from this country to Amer- ica? I apprehend, under these cir- cumstances, the export from this coun- try to America must fall off to no- thing.
Do you think that any prudent man would risk much of his property in such a speculation? Certainly not.
Do not you know that that excess of British manufacture which is sent to America is transmitted and consumed in the enemies' colonies? I have no doubt of that fact.
Do not you think, that the same trade, were America excluded from it, could be carried on through the free ports of the British colonies in the West Indies? I think it might, in the state of things preceding the issuing of the late orders of council.
How do the orders in council affect that trade? The orders in council, by precluding our communication with the continent, and our conveyance to the continent, of the returns which we should receive from the Spanish and French colonies if we carried on the trade of America, would prevent our carrying on that trade to advantage; I might add would prevent our carry- ing it on without dreadful loss.
Do you believe that these orders in council will totally destroy the trade between Great Britain and the conti- nent? I conceive they will; I know of no means by which the trade can be carried on while those orders exist, and the restrictions on the continent exist.
Mr. Martin. You only heard of the American embargo the 26th of January? That was the day it was first heard of in Liverpool.
Did you happen to be in Birming- ham about the middle of January? I was at Birmingham in the middle of January.
A considerable part of the shipments made in Liverpool, may be supposed to come from Birmingham; had a change taken place in the intention of the manufacturers to send down goods? An universal change.
This was before the manufacturers there heard of the embargo? This was in the middle of January; I ar- rived there on the 9th, and stayed there some days; it was some days before my return: the object of my making ap- plication to the merchants of Birming- ham, was, to know, whether goods were coming forward? I applied to several mercantile houses there to know, and was answered by every one, that they should not make shipments; that was in the middle of January, of course before the embargo could be known, for that was not known of till the 26th of January; the answer of every merchant in Birmingham to whom I applied, was, that he would not ship any goods; it was univer- sal.
Can you give the committee any information as to the quantity of na- val stores, such as tar, turpentine, &c. which were imported into Liverpool in the year 1805? The quantity of tar exported in 1805 was 32,430 bar- rels.
Of which how much from Ameri- ca? 29,677 came from America, and 2,733 from other parts; in the whole 32,430.
In 1806? The whole 26,734; from America 21,525; from other parts 5,209.
In 1807? 25,050; from America 14,895; from other parts 10,555. Of turpentine, in 1805, there came in all 40,933 barrels, of which 40,294
came from America, and 659 from o- ther parts. In 1806 there came 30,557, of which 30,203 came from America, and from other parts 349. In 1807, 19,424, of which 17,865 came from America.
Mr. Martin's evidence to be continued
W E the Subscribers, Judges of the General Court, have pursuant to law allotted the Judges of the respective District Courts as fol- low:
Robert White, Jr. and Archibald Stuart, esqrs. to the districts of Winchester, Hardy and Mo- nongalia courthouse;
Richard Parker and John Tyler, esqrs. to the districts of Richmond, Petersburg, Brunswick courthouse and Suffolk;
Edmund Wuns and Paul Carrington, jr. esqrs. to the districts of Prince Edward court- house, Franklin, Washington courthouse, and the Sweet Springs in Botetourt county.
Joseph Prentis and William Nelson, esqrs. to the districts of Northumberland, King & Queen, Williamsburg and Accomack courthouse;
And Francis T. Brooke and Hugh Holmes, esqrs. to Staunton, Charlottesville, Fredericks- burg and Haymarket districts at the next suc- ceeding terms thereof.
Witness our hands and seals this eleventh day of June, one thousand eight hundred and eight.
John Tyler, (Seal) Wm. Nelson, (Seal) Robt. White, Jr. (Seal) Arch'd. Stuart, (Seal) Frs. T. Brooke, (Seal) Hugh Holmes, (Seal)
Published by order of the Judges.
Wilson Allen, C. G. C.
June 18 1808
Mount Comfort, FOR SALE.
SITUATED on Rappahannock in the county of Essex, within fifteen miles of Tappahannock and about the same distance from Urbanna and King and Queen Courthouses and very con- venient to the post office at Montague's Tavern
there are upwards of one hundred and fifty acres of land attached to this seat: a considera- ble part of which is wood land and heavily tim- bered—The improvements are a dwelling house, forty feet by eighteen, a Kitchen, Smoke House, Stable, Ice House, &c. on the Hill—And on the river bank a store house, with a commodious Store and Counting Room and an excellent Gra- nary—all of which—except the Stable—have been recently built. Mount Comfort commands as good, if not the best view of the river of any seat on the Rappahannock and the best fish and oysters may be had at the door with very little trouble.
It is well calculated for a merchant, being in a populous and wealthy neighborhood, where it is believed five or six thousand pounds worth of goods might be retailed annually—it would also be a convenient stand for a profes- sional character—I would either sell on credit if the payments can be agreed on, or exchange for other lands without improvements. For farther particulars apply to Reuben M. Garnett, or to
Carter Wood, Mount Comfort.
June 1. 1809
MATTRESSES OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS,
MADE and repaired, agreeably to order, in the large wooden house opposite the Old City Tavern, two squares below the market bridge, Richmond.
J. S. PLEASANTS.
May 31. 1808
Joseph Marx & Co.
Have on hand an assortment
GERMAN OZNAUBURGS, TICKLENBURGS, DOWLASS and TOWELLING,
by the bale, box or piece. COGNAC BRANDY and MOLASSES.
SACK SALT, coarse and fine. Which they will sell for cash, tobacco, or approved paper.
Richmond, April 28. 1808.
TO RENT,
A GOOD TENEMENT on Market Alley, opposite the Market House; it is among the best stands in the neigh- borhood for a grocery. For terms apply to the subscriber or to Harry Tompkins.
ISAAC WEBSTER.
February 15.
I AM desirous to exchange the following pro- perty, or any part thereof, as may be agreed on, for a small tract of good Land, in a healthy situation, with a dwelling house and other im- provements, a good spring of water, and an a- ceable neighborhood, at a distance of 30 to 100 miles up the country—To say for Houses in this city—Lands in Henrico county, joining the sea- tens lands and near this city—6,000 acres on Richland creek, in Lincoln county, Kentucky— 1,000 acres on the waters of the Ohio, in Mason county—and two tracts of Military Lands on the river Tennessee, each 866 2/3 acres.
Robert Mitchell.
Richmond, Feb. 6. 1808
Penitentiary Store.
SHOES at the Manufacture of the Peniten- tiary have been lately REDUCED, consider- ably below their former prices.
D. J. BURR, Agent.
10th Nov. 1808
20 Dollars Reward.
RUN AWAY from the subscriber on the night of the 9th inst. a negro man named JOHN- STON, about 5 feet 7 inches high, slender made, one or perhaps more of his fore teeth decayed, bushy hair; he is a very active fellow, and of considerable address; he took with him an old for hat, brown broad cloth coat, olive constitut- ion cord round about, with patches of the same, patched at the knees, a new mixed Virginia cloth round about and panaloons, two new brown li- nen shirts, and some mouselinet, a new mad- ras handkerchief, and many other articles of clothing not recollected. It is supposed that he will make towards Richmond, as he was brought from that place last winter by Benjamin Haden, who says he was purchased from a Mr. Bell, gro- cer of Richmond. The above reward will be given to any person or persons for apprehending the negro and securing him in any jail, so that I get him again, or if brought home, all reasonable expenses paid. He is about 25 years of age.
Calvin Morgan.
Wythe courthouse, Virginia, June 12, 1808.
wif
A New Novel,
JUST RECEIVED AT S. PLEASANTS BOOK
STORE.
CORINNA,
OR
ITALY;
A New Novel, by Mad. De Stael Holstein,
in 2 vols.
For Sale,
A VALUABLE TRACT OF LAND, ly- ing in the county of Powhatan, containing by a late survey, Five Hundred and Forty One Acres—two hundred and seventy six acres of which is prime woodland—about 20 acres of first rate Meadow Land, which may be render- ed very valuable with a small expense. This is the tract whereon Col. Wm. Mayo, late of Pow- hatan county, dec'd lived, living about 3 miles above Powhatan courthouse, within four of James and four of Appomattox rivers, in a healthy neighborhood and convenient to several merchant mills. This land is well watered, with excellent springs, and is suitably adapted to the balance of corn, wheat and tobacco.
The improvements are a Dwelling House 48 by 22 feet, with a passage and three rooms on the first floor, and a passage with two rooms on the upper, with a twenty two feet square wing with two rooms, some necessary out buildings— all of which want some repairs.
I shall proceed to offer this land for sale at Scottsville, the seventeenth day of August next, being Powhatan court day, on the following terms—The sum of seven hundred and fifty pounds cash in hand, on the day of sale, and for the balance, a credit of two years will be given the purchaser; bond with approved security will be required, carrying interest from the day of sale, if not punctually paid; also a deed of trust on the said land to secure the payment of the balance.
It is deemed needless to say any thing more, as it is presumed, that those who may wish to purchase, will first view the premises, which will be shown by Capt. Benjn. Mosby, or Mr. Thos. T. Swann, living near there—or to the Subscriber living near Powhatan Courthouse.
WM. MAYO, Junr.
Powhatan County, June 20. 1808
3w
TO RENT
And possession given the first day of Oc-
tober next,
The Tenement,
OCCUPIED by Alexander Plainview, next door below Samuel Pleasants' Book Store. For particulars, apply to
WILLIAM COOK.
Richmond, 1st July, 1808
(1f)
DISSOLUTION.
THE Copartnership of the subscribers, is, by mutual consent, this day dissolved. All per- sons indebted to said concern, will make payment or give bond to Ezekiel Levy, who alone is fully authorized to settle the said concern and grant discharges; those who have claims will apply to him for payment.
Ezekiel Levy.
John Edwards.
Richmond county, Virginia, June 6. 1808
3w
By the Governor of the Commonwealth of
Virginia,
A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS it is represented to the executive
that Henry Thacker, David Thacker and
Elisha Thacker, late of the county of Louisa,
and who were committed to the jail of the dis-
trict court held at Charlottesville, charged with
highway robbery, have escaped from the said jail
on the night of the 19th inst.; and whereas it
is also represented to the executive that Reuben
Marshall, late of the county of Albemarle, was
committed to the jail of said county charged
with maiming and putting out the eyes of Francis
Taliferro, has also, on the night aforesaid
escaped from the jail of the said county of Albe-
marle; I have therefore thought fit, with the ad-
vice of the council of state to issue this procla-
mation, hereby offering a reward of one hundred
dollars each for apprehending and conveying to
the jail of the district court aforesaid, the said
Henry Thacker, David Thacker and Elisha
Thacker. And I do also hereby offer a reward
of one hundred and fifty dollars to any person or
persons who shall apprehend and convey to the
foresaid jail of the county of Albemarle, the said
Reuben Marshall. And to the end that the laws
may be duly executed, and justice administered by
the punishment of such crimes as the culprits a-
foresaid are charged with, I do moreover enjoin
in all officers, civil and military, and exhort the good
people of this commonwealth to use their best en-
deavors to apprehend and convey to the jails a-
foresaid as aforesaid the said Henry Thacker,
David Thacker and Elisha Thacker, and Reu-
ben Marshall.
Given under my hand with the seal of the
(L.S.) commonwealth annexed, at Richmond,
this 25th day of June, 1808.
Signed
Wm. H. Cabell.
Henry Thacker is slender, about 25 years of
age 5 feet 8 inches high, very narrow faced, as
are also the other two, all three having brothers
David Thacker is very slender, about 5 feet 10
or 11 inches high. Elisha Thacker is also very
slender, and perhaps about the height of David.
Reuben Marshall is an active fellow, about 36
years of age, 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, black
eyes and light hair, and tolerably proportioned.
He speaks quick, is impudent and subject to drink
hard.
MYER MARKS,
Respectfully informs the Parents & Guar-
dians of Children, that he has
OPENED
A DAY SCHOOL,
In the cross-street leading to Court's Fer-
ry, a few doors below Joshua West's coach
shop, where he will teach READING,
WRITING and ARITHMETIC. He as-
sures those who think proper to favor him
with their children, that the strictest atten-
tion will be paid both to their morals and
education. His School room is in a plea-
sant and healthy situation. The terms are
such, that he believes will meet with the
approbation of all.
87 th English Grammar will be taught.
Richmond, July 8, 1808.
WIRT'S SPEECHES.
The Editor of the Argus has lately
published the
SPEECHES of WILLIAM WIRT, Esq.
on the trial of Col. AARON BURR, and
others—With a portrait by St. Memin.
To Aaron Burr, Esq.
SIR,
TAKE NOTICE that I shall apply on the
fifth day of the August term of Henrico
county court, which commences on the first
Monday in August next, to award commissioners
to take depositions in Kentucky to be read in evi-
dence in three suits depending in said court, in
which I am plaintiff and you are defendant.
Your obedient servant,
Robert Miller.
July 5, 1808.
To Aaron Burr, Esq.
SIR,
TAKE NOTICE that I shall apply on the
5th day of the August term of Henrico
county court, which commences on the first Mon-
day in August next, to award commissioners to
take depositions in Kentucky to be read in evi-
dence in a suit depending in said court, in which
I am plaintiff and you are defendant.
Your obedient servant,
Henry Schroeder.
July 5. 1808.
Gallego, Richard & Co.
HAVING NO LONGER ANY CONCERN IN
THE
Columbian Mills,
COMMONLY CALLED
ROSS'S MILLS,

Sam Bowden, William Clarke, A. Baugh, A. Brown, William C. Boswell, Paul Nash and John Hart.
FROM WASHINGTON CITY, July 9.
Government have received dispatches from our ministers at Paris and London by Lieut. Lewis, one of the messengers that went out and returned in the Osage, and who reached this city last evening.
We understand that neither France nor Great Britain have manifested any disposition to relax in the regulations they have adopted towards neutral nations, and which have placed the United States in no unpleasing situation.
The Secretary of the Navy returned to the City yesterday, in consequence of the arrival of the Osage. The President and all the Heads of Departments are at present here.
[Monitor.]
A great many words are uttered, on both sides of the question, to convince the public that France and England have done us wrong, and give us sufficient cause for war. This, however, is a point that has never been disputed by cool, dispassionate men. The only question is, Is it expedient for the United States to make war upon England and France? If we are to rush into a war whenever a profligate nation chases to be rude and insolent, then we abandon that necessary discretion which teaches us always to weigh the concomitant circumstances of hostilities before we are carried into them.
The chances for us—
The chances against us—
Are all to be taken into the estimate. Why should we be hurried into war by either the French or the English? If we must fight we will choose our own time, place, and weapons. The people of this country know as well when they ought to fight as Bonaparte or George the third does; and what is more (if they once get at it) they will show foreign nations that they understand how to fight. The European powers have nearly exhausted themselves by war, and they now want to get us to it. They envy us the wealth we have acquired, and wish to get it back again in some way or another.
FROM WASHINGTON, July 11.
We understand that the information received by the Osage, is by no means satisfactory; that there does not appear, either on the part of the French or English governments, any disposition to relax their orders and decrees relative to the trade of this country; that on the contrary, the French government appears to be giving a wider scope to the operation of the measures previously taken by them; and that no step which has been taken by the British government, since the return of Mr. Rose, even relative to the affair of the Chesapeake. The information from Paris comes down to the middle of April; and that from London to the middle of May.
Private letters received by the Osage state the prevalence of a general expectation, among the friends of the British administration, of an insurrection in this country against the embargo, which has, no doubt, been excited by the disgraceful publications here on the subject. While such wretched delusions continue, we can have but little to expect.
It does not appear that there is a disposition on the part either of France or England to go to war with us; but a strong desire by each to embroil us with the other.
Nat. Intell.
Extract of a letter from one of the first American Mercantile Houses in London, dated May 7, 1808, received by the Osage.
"We are very glad to be able to say, that there now seems to be no doubt of the friendly relations between our countries being restored, and we hope soon. Your next letter will contain, for your minister, whose arrival has been for some time anxiously looked for, is arrived and we trust nothing will arise to retard the negotiation and prevent the restoration of our commerce with the U. States to its accustomed level."
Extract of a letter dated Trenton N. J. "Our political prospect is, in this state, as favorable as at any past period. The republicans to a man, and many federalists, approve the Embargo, and the corresponding measures. On the subject of the Presidential election, there is no division of sentiment in the republican party; all are decidedly for Madison."
FROM THE N. Y. ROYAL GAZETTE.
The Osage has arrived; but, we are not released from a perplexing state of uncertainty. All the news she brings is under official seal, and we have but little hope of hearing from our government the nature of the disputes, till the next meeting of congress in November. All that we know is, that nothing of a satisfactory nature has occurred between Mr. Armstrong and the French government—and as to the business between Mr. Pinkney and Mr. Canning, we are completely in the dark. It, however, a conclusion may be drawn from the marked attention of the British court to our minister, it is, that something like an adjustment of our differences has taken place, or put in a more plain way, The PATRIOT, a London paper of May 8, speaking of the conduct of France towards the different powers of Europe, and particularly of America, observes, "Mr. Pinkney and Mr. Canning are now proceeding with activity in the discussion of our differences with America. On Thursday last they had a conference of several hours. On the probable issue of these discussions it is vain to speculate."
It is whispered since the arrival of the Osage, that Great Britain has made certain propositions to our minister, which he has forwarded to government, and which propositions he is of opinion will be accepted.
It is however doubtful whether any thing further will be done till the meeting of congress—If Mr. Jefferson does any thing before the regular meeting, he will do more than is expected of him. Secrecy seems now to be the order of the day. During a former administration, it was a crime to keep the sovereign people in darkness.
The following is an extract of a letter from London, 3d May, 1808, to a gentleman in Philadelphia.
"I need not relate to you the situation in which I am placed in this country, as you will long since have heard the particulars, from other quarters. Agreeable to my fears, since my arrival here the Manchester ter is condemned for a breach of blockade in coming out of an enemy's port, after the time limited in the late orders of council, bearing date 11th November—the purport of which you, as well as the people of this country, better know than understand—there is scarcely any vessel which is, or can now be brought before the court, which does not come under some of its prohibitions, and are accordingly adjudged. We are asked what our country wants—whether we want to kill Admiral Barkley for doing his duty—or whether we wish to destroy this country and come under the government of France—that we have no cause of complaint, and that if we have or pretend to have, we can't help ourselves—and that this government is determined to adhere to their present measures. So I hope and trust Americans will do, until we know whether we are to be free men or slaves. We are told that America is in a most deplorable condition, and that six months embargo will bring about a revolution; we cannot at any rate suffer more by staying at home, than we shall by coming abroad at this time; I think, therefore, that the thinking part of the community will be satisfied, and lend a helping hand to those that may be in distress."
"The cargo of the Manchester is restored—a commission of appraisement has issued from the court for the ship and cargo—as the captors have appealed for the cargo, and our friends have advised to appeal for the ship, which is accordingly done—no doubt but that the captors calculate the probability of a war with the United States; and if so, that they shall still make it good prize. And we calculate that our government will make no terms with this country, until a stipulation is made to restore all property condemned under those orders—if they do it, will, I think, be an acknowledgment that this country has a right to do what they please with us and our property—and we may hereafter shut our mouths in submission to them."
"At what time I shall be able to quit this country is uncertain, (but hope soon) and in what capacity is also very uncertain—for at present I cannot tell what arrangement can be made to regain the ship, or whether any. I shall do what I can, which may be thought for my owners interest, after which I shall make the best of my way home, either with or without the ship."
The Editor of the National Intelligence, in giving the account of the celebration of the 4th of July, at Washington city, thus elegantly notices Mr. Jefferson's appearance on that day, and the sentiments inspired by his presence.
"The President in conformity to the spirit of the times, was dressed in a neat suit of homespun. We hope that ere another return of this day, the example, thus patriotically set by the Chief Magistrate, will be universally followed, and that the fair sex, by the magic of fashion, will remove their strongest existing obstacles."
The author of the immortal declaration of independence, had once more the gratification of seeing himself surrounded by fellow beings, enjoying the highest political blessings ever conferred on men, and reaping, in common with their fellow citizens throughout the union, the fruits of a prosperity unknown to any other nation. Compared to the feelings inspired by such a scene, what is the pride of kings or the triumphs of conquerors? Amidst the honors and glory that encompass them there is a wanting that small still voice , without which fame and power are the sources of the acutest infelicity. Well might such a man, whose whole life has been assiduously devoted to the good of his country, or to the still more expanded interests of mankind, cast his eyes over the world, and drop a tear of pity at the wretchedness of those who are the envy, the admiration, the terror of mankind. Well might he rejoice, in having his lot cast among a people, who consider kings and tyrants equivalent terms.
There was something peculiarly interesting in the reflection that this was probably the last anniversary of the day that called us into national existence, on which Thomas Jefferson, in his official character, would appear amidst his fellow citizens in commemoration of its return; he would resign his high powers, and retire into the walks of private life. If there be any thing that confers distinction on the human race, and raises it to the highest pitch of greatness, it is the voluntary surrender of power; and when this surrender is the result of principle, at variance with the feelings and wishes of millions, and when he who makes it as the object of their respect and affection, the idea becomes one of the most sublime that can enter our minds. Of this nature were the feelings inspired by the anticipation of an event, which, however it may be approved, cannot fail to be mingled with the tenderest regret and deepest solicitude.
Genl. Wilkinson, in his defence to the Court Martial at Washington, after noticing the insidious manner of attack on his reputation, adducing the most irresistible evidence of the motives of the calumny, and his own innocence of the crimes alleged against him, thus elegantly concludes.
Gentlemen, a few words more and I have done. I know you are not to be instructed in your duty, but I will beseech of you to
take to your breasts the importance of the decision you are about to make, as it may affect your own characters, the interest of our country, the rights of an individual, and the honor of your profession. If guilty of the foul charge alleged against me; if I have not more than done my duty, in the arduous instances of service which have fallen under your observation; let your award be exemplary, and may my punishment be correspondent!—divorce me of my sword—strike me from the rolls of honor—banish me from the lists of fame—let my services be forgotten, and my crimes only be remembered. But, gentlemen, should my innocence be apparent, and you discover that I am a victim of persecution, because I have cut the toils contrived to ensnare the peace and happiness of our country; then do justice to my accusers—rescue my character from the fangs of detraction—rehabilitate my wounded honor—confirm the confidence of my country—and let me live and die your chief.
It is with great regret (says a Boston paper) we announce the death of the Hon. FISHER AMES, who died at his seat in Dedham, yesterday morning, at 5 o'clock.
FROM THE AURORA.
THE NEW EPOCHA.
The laws for establishing an embargo, appear to be yet deficient, inasmuch as no regulation was made concerning American vessels, then in foreign seas. Had there been a clause declaring the registers and other authenticating papers, possessed by any American vessel, to be invalid and null, and of no effect, which vessel should not have returned to the U. S. within a period proportioned to the distance or length of her voyage, the measures would have been more effective, and our neutral character and our neutral character have been better established and respected.
But in this new epocha , when nothing that has happened could be well foreseen from any experience of former times, it is not so much a matter of surprize as of regret, that the sagacity of congress did not perceive the defect, and foresee the want of some such provision.
There are advices from London and from Paris in this city, which are of a very interesting and decisive character, as to the views and dispositions of the two governments towards the U. S.
Whether the dispositions of France arise from a profound policy or a disposition founded on an enlarged liberality, or on any other better or worse motives, is not so material to this nation at this moment, as to know that no minister at Paris has been treated with more openness and unreserved than gen. Armstrong, nor is any government in Europe spoken of with expressions of greater liberality. Indeed there appears to be a perfect acquaintance with the intrigues & corruption of Great Britain, & her commercial influence in the sea ports of the U. S.
On a late occasion the minister of exterior relations, conversing with a gentleman who tarried a few days with gen. Armstrong, alking of the case of a vessel detained, expressly said, that the French government were in full possession of the evidence, that the American flag was used by the British government to draw supplies of brandy for its fleets, from France; to draw silver bullion from Spain and Portugal; to draw raw silk from the Genoese and Florentine coasts, and from Sicily, and to smuggle the British manufactures, and carry back remittances from France to England.
He stated further, that vessels of this description were employed to carry spies to the continent, and to bring back to England the reports of their deliberations, and that many persons acting actually as spies were sent out under the name of supercargoes.
The American gentleman upon this observed, that such acts of the British government, or of British merchants, could not be attributed to the American government; nor ought the honest flag and fair American trader to be condemned indiscriminately with them.
It was admitted that the case was a hard one—but how is it possible to discriminate; your own commercial agents cannot determine which are the true or which the false papers; all the formalities, and even the hand writing of your public officers appear equally perfect and alike; we have no alternative but the total and indiscriminate exclusion of every vessel that has been in England, and their condemnation if they enter our ports." He added, you see that vessels bearing foreign ambassadors, our allies, are not admitted from England."
This discourse, which has been repeated to us much more at large, took place a very short time ago; and it was stated that the French government was perfectly aware "that the acrimony and hostility against France, which appeared from the American presses, was not of American, but of British production; which at one period, before it was properly understood, had excited some dissatisfaction, but had lost its importance with acknowledgment of its true origin."
It was alleged in London, that a decree had been issued at Bayonne, by the French emperor, for carrying into port and detaining every vessel found at sea, bearing the American flag, after the 28th of April. This decree is reported to have been accompanied by some explanations of its cause and views; but are not more distinctly or intelligibly reported than those of the Milan decree were on the first advices; but it is said to have alleged, that as the American government had laid an embargo on all its merchant vessels, that vessels which carry that flag now, have either abandoned the laws of their country—are in open opposition to them—are employed in the service of the enemy of France—or are enemies disguised under a neutral flag—and are therefore to be brought into port.
There can be very little doubt from the spirit of this report, that such a decree has been issued, and there can be as little doubt that it will be acted upon; and we presume that instead of being taken by the enemies of the public peace, as another proof of the wisdom and discretion of our government in laying the Embargo—that
this will be held forth as a new cause for taking it off.
Of the dispositions of the English government, we need very little information, for of their hostile intentions, our government is well aware; whether there is any new evidence of their purposes to attempt the stupid project of a separation of the union, and forming a government in the eastern states, in alliance or union (in the Irish style) with England, we cannot say; but our government has for some time been in possession of such information—indeed Lord Holland, in the British house of lords, lately scoffed at the present administration for countenancing a plan so monstrously preposterous. Lord Hawkesbury indeed affected to feign such an intention; but any one who recollects their conduct to Denmark, or their conduct in setting on foot the joint expedition of Miranda and Burr , will know what value to give a declaration of the elder son of Jenkinson .
By what we have been able to learn from verbal report of England, the state of that country must be very critical in the present year. The government, however, have proposed some rigorous measures to strengthen their hands, and to be ready by coercion of popular risings, to carry their system of war policy to the extreme.
The French do not this year make any demonstrations of a remarkable kind on the coast of the British channel; and less apprehensions appeared to be entertained of an invasion in England than heretofore; but there is an enemy in the country , more formidable than the French—that is, the dangerous appearance of want , before which stone walls fall sooner than by bombardment.
The impression, as to the British orders in council was, among the Americans in London, that there was some understanding on the subject here; that in order to regain the ascendancy to a faction devoted to the government of England in America, the orders of council should be rigidly enforced until the election of a president of the United States —from the pressure of the embargo it was calculated that the people of America would become discontented and choose executive officers who would avow hostility to the embargo, and that in this case they should be sure of an alliance, offensive and defensive, against France.
Against the folly of such presumptions it is in vain to argue at this distance. The agents of England are paid for deceiving that blinded government into the belief, and it is only when they find that their credulity on this occasion was as fatal as when they placed reliance on the same description of persons from 1763 to 1780—that they will discover their folly!
There can be no doubt that the infamous conduct of Pickering , and the precise acting in hostility to the government of the United States, must have a tendency to increase the confidence of the British ministers in the seductive and deceptive reports of their official emissaries, and there can be very little doubt that after Messrs. Erskine and Mansfield, (who are now on a tour in the eastern states,) make their report to the British ministers, that from the society into which they enter, the representations which they will receive from the infectious company which alone they will seek, that their report will be as strongly in favor of the deceit as that of admiral Coffin , after his return to England from Boston two years ago. This Coffin is an American himself, and on his return to England, openly asserted that the eastern states were ready for an alliance or union with the British government, and no doubt there may be found three or four hundred persons of that vile character; such characters will address themselves to the British agents now in the eastern states—and their baseness will be reported to England as the sense of America !!!
The courts of admiralty of England, which are generally the interpreters of the court policy, have recently condemned so many American vessels, that the disposition of the government may be precisely inferred from thence.
We notice this point, however, only to refer from the circumstance to another part of the British policy; when the British government stand in need of a vessel, for a special purpose, to go to the continent, they contrive to oblige vessels condemned or sequestrated, in their admiralty courts; those vessels have their original papers all exact and correct, and with the papers they send forward their enterteprise, captains suited to their views are found, cargoes are easily laid in and with supercargoes properly instructed, they proceed.
This traffic is now so notorious, that it has not been attempted to be controverted—it is indeed, reduced to a system.
The little that can be learned of the temper of the people of England is, that they, instead of being as heretofore partial to America, have become increasingly hostile to the U. States; and thence it is presumed, that either they have been wrought upon by their government to believe the misrepresentations of their hiring prints; or in the sense of distress, are more disposed to vent their anger against America, than against a government that may, by the renewal of the Pitt system of terror, grow them more to the earth.
The war in Sweden appears to progress slowly; the difference between the old mode of war and that of the modern French system of tactics, is very visible in the invasion of Sweden; which however, must inevitably meet its fate within the present year.
There is a slight hint at a new coalition against France on the European continent;
and it has been alleged that Austria with Prussia and Turkey , were to be the parties. This however is, we believe, more specious than real; though the dispositions of all or either of these powers are not to be questioned. Indeed the consciousness of such dispositions existing, ought to be the best caution to those who are so ready to believe that Bonaparte would leave Europe to go into Asia for love of conquest. The nations already changed in Europe will require many of them half a century of habit to reconcile them to the revolutions which they have undergone; and the watchful eye and imposing presence of the sagacious conqueror will be required during his life, however long, to preserve and improve the harmony of the system he has established.
Indeed we will ven a bold conjecture on this occasion, because it would seem to be consistent with the magnitude of the events that have already taken place in this new epocha . We should not be surprised to hear of an invitation of delegates from all the civilized nations on the earth to meet at some position, to frame a system of universal law, for the conduct of nations towards each other; for fixing the freedom of the seas, and the laws of commercial intercourse; and or putting an end to war, by establishing rules which, violated by any individual nation, should subject that nation to be excluded from intercourse with all the rest.
That some such measure will be pursued, we have not the least doubt; and this universal law once established—war must from the very nature of the case cease.
The Mr. Erskine who is in the eastern states, is not the ambassador, but a younger brother; and Mr. Mansfield who is with him, is the son of the present judge Mansfield of England, this Mr. Mansfield came from England with Mr. Rose, and is in fact the agent of the present administration of England, he is what may be called a shrewd, quick, and capable man ; and being intended for the diplomatic school, on the road, next to the law, next to power and wealth, with labor in his vocation .
The following poetry is taken from a work entitled the Metrical Miscellany , containing Poems never before published. The world is indebted to Mrs. Riddel, the intimate correspondent of Burns, for this beautiful compilation. This piece is written by the celebrated Roscoe, the author of Leo X & many other valuable productions, and who lately wrote an interesting and impressive pamphlet upon the dangers of Great Britain. The pure spirit of philanthropy which glows in the following lines, must render them in creating to every sensible heart— Agnes.
WRITTEN IN 1788.
I.
From the vine covered hills and gay valleys of France, See the day-star of Liberty rise, Through clouds of detraction unwearied advance, And hold its new course in the skies. An effulgence so mild, with a lustre so bright, Al! Europe with wonder surveys, And from desarts of darkness and dungeons of night, Contends for a share in the blaze.
II.
Let Burke, like a bat, from his splendor retire, A splendor too strong for his eyes; Let pedants and fools his effusions admire, Entrapt in his cobwebs like flies. Shall frenzy and soothsayer hope to prevail When reason opposes her weight When the welfare of millions is hung in the scale, And the balance yet trembles with fate?
III.
Ah! who 'mid the darkness of night would abide That can taste the sweet breezes of morn? And who that has drunk of the chrysaline tide, 'To the feculent flood would return? When the bosom of beauty the throbbing heart meets, Ah! who would the transport decline? And who that has tasted of Liberty's sweets The prize—but with life—would resign?
IV.
But 'tis over, high Heav'n the decision approves, Oppression has struggled in vain; To the Hell she had formed, superstition removes, And Tyranny gnaws her own chain. In the records of Time a new era unfolds, All nature exults in the birth His creation, benign, the Creator beholds, And gives a new charter to earth.
V.
O, catch its high import ye winds as ye blow! O, bear it ye waves as ye roll! From the nations that feel the Sun's vertical glow, To the farthest extremes of the pole. Equal rights, equal laws to the nations around, Peace and friendship its precepts impart; And wherever the footsteps of man can be found, May he bind the decree on his heart!
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