Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1800-08-29 00:00:00

The VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[No. 38 of Vol. VIII.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[Whole No. 64]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR.
[FOUR DOLLARS PER ANNUM—PAID IN ADVANCE]
FRIDAY, AUGUST 29th, 1800.
[TWELVE & A HALF CENTS SINGLE.]
The subscriber wishes to sell his HOUSE & LOTS, IN THIS CITY.
—ALSO— Eight hundred acres of LAND, within seven miles of the City, extending from James River, at Wethers, to the Tare Natch Road—about 600 acres of the tract is wood land.—Possession of both places may be had immediately, reserving the privilege of locating and removing the crops at present on the plantation.—For terms apply to John Pendleton. Richmond, July 21, 1800.
FOR SALE, A VALUABLE Tract of Land,
LYING on Lickinghole creek in the county of Goochland, well known by the name of WHITE HALL, containing 1300 acres, of which between 5 and 6 hundred are cleared and well inclosed—what remains uncleared is well timbered with oak, hickory and pine, and the whole land well adapted to the culture of tobacco, Indian corn and small grain of every kind. The creek above mentioned runs through the plantation, on which lies upwards of thirty acres of excellent meadow land, nearly the whole of which has been cleared up and drained by sufficient ditches. The improvements consist of a genteel two story dwelling house with three rooms, two passages, and convenient closets on the lower floor, and four bed rooms, closets and passage above—a kitchen, weaving and spinning house, smoke house, dairy, an excellent dry well, all convenient out houses and six hundred grown apple trees of a variety of kinds which never fail to bear. Any further description is thought unnecessary, as it is presumable that any person inclined to purchase would wish to view the land. One half the purchase money will be expected on delivering possession, and bonds with sufficient security for the balance, in two annual payments. Robert Payne. White Hall, July 8th, 1800.
Ice Cream & Coffee HOUSE.
GASPARD ARNAUD INFORMS the public and his friends in general that he has opened the house formerly occupied by Mr Clarke, on the Cross-Street near Bowler's Tavern; where those who will please to favor him with their custom may depend on the best treatment and on as moderate terms as possible. N.B. If any gentlemen in the city should wish to have Ice Cream for their own use, it shall be sent to them at the shortest notice. Richmond, July 21, 1800.
To be Sold, A well Finished Three Story HOUSE,
With a Kitchen, Stable, Smoke-house, Coach house and Garden—on the main street a few doors below the courthouse, at present occupied by Jacob Abraham.—For further particulars apply to the subscriber. Jacob I. Cohen, On Shockoe Hills Richmond, Jan. 27, 1800.
SMALL-POX.
The Magistrates of the county of Henrico, having granted Licence for the Inoculation of the Small-Pox,
AT the Houses belonging to the Estate of JOHN TABB, Esq. deceased, (in the vicinity of Richmond) the situation of which is high and airy; we beg leave to inform all those who wish to avail themselves of the benefit from inoculation, that we are now ready to receive Patients.
The terms will be very moderate, and made known on application to either of the subscribers.
WILLIAM FOUSHEE. J. H. FOUSHEE. Richmond, October 28th, 1799. (tf)
Doctor Trent,
HAVING declined, for the present, his visit to Europe, begs leave to offer his Medical and Surgical services to the inhabitants of Richmond and the neighbouring counties.
He resides in the house, formerly occupied by his Preceptor, the late Doctor A. Leiper, where all applications will meet with the strictest attention. Richmond, August 6, 1800.
Blank Writs, Executions Subpoenas, &c.
For sale at this Printing-Office.
FOR SALE, The Plantation and Tavern,
AT present occupied by the subscriber, on the main road leading from Richmond to Lynchburg,—distant 45 miles from Richmond.—Terms may be known by applying to MOSES TREDWAY. Powhatan, July 28, 1800.
AGREABLE to the last will and testament of William Depriest, deceased, will be offered for sale at public auction, on the premises, the 21st day of September next.
A well improved LOT, in the city of Richmond, described in the plan of the said city by the number 23, adjoining the monument at present in the occupation of Mr Henry Shore. The terms of sale will be one half cash, the other half twelve months credit. Miles Selden, ex'or. Lucy Young, ex'ix. August 19, 1800.
THE SUBSCRIBER, ANXIOUS to discharge every just claim against his proportion of the estate of Robert Bolling, Esq. of Buckingham county, deceased, with SELL upwards of one hundred acres of best James river
Low Grounds, in Amherst county, near Lynchburg, and next to the lines of Mr. William Galt, with the adjoining High Lands, and a most valuable Mill Seat, not far from the mouth of Stovale's creek. Also, two Tracts in Buckingham county (one of 320, and the other of 240 acres) of prime
Tobacco Land, on the north branches of Willis's river.—The Amherst land will be shown by my overseer on the premises, and the Buckingham lands by the subscriber, for which one third of the purchase money will be required in hand, and the balance in two annual payments. P. BOLLING. Buckingham county, } 10th July, 1800. } (t.f.)
As I intend to leave this State some time next Fall, I NOW OFFER THE VALUABLE FARM,
WINDSOR, FOR SALE;
LYING on James River, about four miles from Richmond, containing 800 acres; it is well timbered with pine, oak, and hickory, about 200 acres of it is fine meadow land, as most any in the state, capable of producing upwards of 100 ton of hay annually for market, exclusive of a great sufficiency to support a large stock; about 30 acres is now in fine timothy. On this Farm is a good TWO STORY DWELLING HOUSE, with five rooms and a commodious passage, 40 by 12; Kitchen, smoke-house and other houses necessary for a family. There is also on it, a very fine barn 40 feet square, the lower story and raftered with stones upwards of 30 feet high, which will contain upwards of 50 head of cattle, with great convenience; near this barn, is a framed house 24 feet square, with two sheds; there are three valuable apple orchards, a peach orchard, with a variety of other fruits equal to any in America.—The above Farm may be sold in the whole or divided in two of 400 acres each.—One third of the purchase money will be required down, the other two thirds, on paying interest of 5 per cent.—A 1 per cent no person will purchase, without viewing the premises, I have not been in particular in my description, as this valuable spot admits of; and if it is not sold before the 1st Sept. next at private sale, it will be laid off in 100 acre lots, to suit the purchasers, so as each lot to have a sufficient quantity of timber to support it. On the farm-day, will be sold to the highest bidder, on the above farm, THIRTY TWO prime River, consisting of men, women, and children; all the stock, of horses, cattle, sheep, with the crops of corn, wheat, oats, hay, a variety of household furniture, and a coach almost new. The above articles to be sold for cash only. Those who have claims against me, are desired to bring them in; and all those who are indebted to me, to make payment, as I shall put every account, bond, &c. in an attorney's hand if not paid. Daniel L. Hylton. June 29, 1800.
NOTICE IS GIVEN, That the property of the subscriber, advertised to be sold on the 1st day of next month, is postponed to the THIRTIETH, at which time it will then be exposed to public sale for Cash. Daniel L. Hylton. August 20th, 1800.
From the (FANDSICKBURG) GENIUS of LIBERTY.
Reflections in reference to the next Election of a President and Con- gress of the United States.
LYCURGUS—No. VII.
WE proposed to consider, "Whether the government of the United States had suffered any modifications from the men in power," and we have so entirely deviated from the question, as now to be engaged in an endeavour to discover some mode of discriminating between measures calculated to operate upon the hopes and fears of the nation, in order to sustain selfish designs, and those honestly intended for the sole purpose of producing municipal order.
To illustrate the difficulty, I will extract several facts from the English history, which may be safely done, as I am not in England, without incurring the penalties of their sedition law.
And their sedition law itself, is the most prominent example which can be adduced; because had the English thoroughly reflected upon the consequences which would ensue, from enabling a few individuals in office to apply the forcible impulse of fear to public opinion, they would have detected all the subterfuges resorted to for seducing them into a belief, that the sedition law is its guardian.
They would have reasoned thus—If it be admitted that public opinion or national will, must either influence a government, or that the nation will cease to be free; it follows that the government ought not by penalties or bribes, to control this public opinion or national will; because it is obvious that the government cannot be influenced by that which it is able to control. A right which is controlled, is not freely exercised, and a right which cannot be freely exercised, is not possessed; for that which we are compelled to use in secret, or by stealth lest we be punished for using it, cannot be considered as our free property. It is admitted that the people ought to be the judges of a government; but if a government should undertake to try and punish the people for exercising this right, the right itself is taken away, and the essence of republican order is reversed; by a government's usurping the power to judge and punish the people, because they have exercised the right of judging the government.
Free discussion alone can beget or bestow efficiency on public opinion, on account of its indissoluble connexion with free election. The right of election, without the right of free discussion, would be compelling the mind to judge of merit in the same way, as if the eye was compelled to judge of beauty blindfolded.
He therefore who violates the right of free discussion, has rendered a proof in which there is nothing equivocal, that he is inimical to the principle of free election; or the unbiased force of public opinion; and this unequivocal proof of enmity to a principle, without the existence of which, national liberty cannot exist, ought to guide us in estimating his motives where his conduct may be more ambiguous; if national folly could be so extreme, as to wander into an examination of circumstantial evidence, in order to determine whether they would employ a man to preserve their liberty, after hearing that which is positive and direct of his enmity to a principle upon which it exclusively depends.
The correctness of this reasoning is displayed by the consideration, that although it is a moderate and conscientious vindication of the rights of public opinion, yet if the author had used it in England, he might have been made the victim of that very sedition law, the merits of which he is calmly discussing. Can a law, which is competent to the destruction of one who is contending for the freedom of public opinion, be any longer passed upon the English nation as its guardian?
The English having thus settled a clue, by which to unravel the motives of more ambiguous measures, might have proceeded to the consideration of an army and a funding system.
And thus they ought to have reasoned. A nation can never be drawn into war, except by the interest of the nation, or the designs of a government against the nation. National interest in favor of war, may be reduced to two objects—one, self-defence—the other, conquest. If there is no invasion, and if the superior strength of the enemy forbids a hope of conquest, there is no cause founded in national interest for the war; and therefore the other motive must be its true cause.
If some affair of etiquette, or of reproachful language, should be urged as the cause
of war, it is a conclusive proof that private designs are the true cause; for it would be more savage and uncivilized to match two nations in combat to settle an etiquette, or the truth of such reproaches, than it was in old times to engage two champions in a battle of life or death, to settle the title to an estate. The mischief would be infinitely greater, and the object infinitely more frivolous. If a judge who should now settle the title by battle, ought to be disgraced, what apology could be made for a government which should engage in war to settle an etiquette?
We are told that the army proposed to be raised, is not to be a standing army—that it cannot be dangerous, because it depends upon the annual concurrence of parliament—that our government detests the idea of a standing army as much as we do—that it is an army of conjuncture, and will be disbanded as soon as the conjuncture is over.
But as we have ascertained by the unequivocal evidence of the act of parliament for punishing sedition, that our government believe it right to control public opinion, we ought to see clearly a cause for war, correspondent with the national interest, or assign it to the only remaining cause.
It is true, that there may be a succession of pretences for war, and that these may be exhibited as conjunctures; that some may be allowed to have passed away, and that armies, or parts of armies, may be occasionally disbanded. But may not a rapid succession of such events serve to habituate the nation to the idea of a standing army, so as to enable a government gradually to accumulate it, until, although in form it may still remain an annual army, it may in fact be perpetual, mercenary, and an engine in the hands of government to guide public opinion, by the fashions both of fear and hope arising from its force and its patronage.
With respect to a funding system, an Englishman in the time of Walpole might have observed—that it is true we have incurred a small debt which we are able and willing to pay. That the minister and the government have also solemnly declared, that the only design of a funding system and sinking fund, was to provide for its payment; in like manner as they declared, that the army was only intended for national defence, and the sedition law for the defence of public opinion.
That a funding system, like an army and a sedition law, might nevertheless be converted into a powerful instrument, for producing a gradual change of the principles of the constitution; although the nation would presently be able to discover by its effects, whether it was their friend or their foe. If it was their friend as it professed to be, it would pay the debt it promised to pay—if it was their secret foe, it would sedulously increase the debt, and produce fraudulently an inequality of property, which would at first generate opinions inconsistent with the principles of the constitution, and finally destroy it. It would open the sluices of hope and fear for direction of national conduct so as to subject it completely to the will of the government—hope of reaping a share in the golden harvest, with which a government may annually reward its adherents by the instrumentality of a national debt; and fear, lest this harvest should be endangered or diminished, by counteracting the will of the government, in favor of the will of the people. If a funding system should be turned from the purpose of paying debt, into such a political engine as this, its issue must inevitably be, a mortgage of all labour and all property up to its full value, to the holders of this fateful national debt, who will then be the government in reality by whatever name it is called. Their self-interested opinion will be the only influencing public opinion—they will be a set of joint feudal lords of the lands and of the people, not by metes and bounds, which might produce divisions among themselves, but by a strong partnership merged upon the whole—in short, they will be the Spartans, and the people the Helots.
The only precaution against this risk, the Englishman would have said was to select men for office, who had given proof of an enmity to the system of supporting a government by terror and corruption, in a public disapprobation of a mischievous sedition law, and an increase of national debt—and who would pay this debt, instead of converting it into a monstrous lever, with which to overturn the constitution.
The same man would have urged the growing patronage of the crown, as constituting in itself a dangerous evil, which the army, funding, and sedition systems were not calculated to check. He would have said—patronage is only throwing a nation under the discipline of an army, by scattering throughout the civil officers as commanders (analogically speaking) of divisions, brigades, regiments and sections, in sufficient numbers, to keep the privates submissive to the power, to which the officers are indebted for their commissions.
And further to impress the disposition of a government to terrify public opinion, he would have cited the attempt of William the
conqueror to introduce the common law of Normandy into England.
The argument, he would observe, in justification of this measure, probably was; that a common law is as inseparably attached to men as his head or his hands; a truth discovered by the Greeks even in ancient times; and that of course the common law of Normandy must attend Normans, wherever nation, of whatever complexion they might have emigrated.
To this argument it might have been answered, that the whole difficulty arose from confounding distinct ideas under the terms "common law," that these terms as used by the Greek philosophers, meant the "law of nature," as distinguished from municipal law; but that the same terms had been used by the Normans to describe their municipal law. That the law of nature is indissolubly attached to man, and was cited by the Greeks the common law, as being common to all; and that it was distinguished from municipal law, because it was universal and immutable; whereas municipal law was local and fluctuating. That the law of nature, or what the Greeks called common law would follow Romans, Danes, Swedes, Normans, Scotch, Irish, and French, going into England as emigrants or conquerors, and would be the only law, until they agreed upon a code of municipal law.—And that there was no more reason why the local and municipal law of Normandy should bind the emigrants from all other countries, because it had accidentally been called the common law, than it should have bound all mankind, had it been called the law of nature.
Had one of William's friends, under a misapprehension of the king's real motive for introducing the Norman law into England, stated such considerations to him, the king would have probably reprehended his duties thus: "Do you not see that the laws of England are adapted to the nature of a limited monarchy, and those of Normandy for an absolute monarchy; that whatever professions I have made of affection to the English constitution, it was done to obtain the confidence of the nation, for the purpose of enabling me to change it gradually; that nothing can so effectually bring about monarchy, as a code of laws, made for the support of monarchy—that the English being ignorant of the common law of Normandy, which abounds in penalties because it is scattered throughout numberless folios of opinions delivered by the Norman courts, will fear it is a dismal and unknown evil—that from this inexhaustible treasury of penalties, I can occasionally draw out one, to make my government an object of terror, and that in fine the best mode of destroying the English constitution, is to try every thing in its praise, whilst I am doing every thing to ruin it."
But alas! This Englishman might have concluded the Norman common law, long lapsed and long convulsed my country—and if I am not mistaken, armies, funding, penalties and patronage, will finally undermine the principles of its constitution, involve us in frequent wars, and annihilate the influence of public opinion. The issue will arrive in less than a century, and the experience of England will then become a mirror, by which other nations may see reflected the rocks upon which their liberty will also founder, if they follow their example.
We had proposed to consider, whether the constitution of the United States, had suffered any modifications from the opinions of men in power, but we have wholly lost sight of it, by endeavouring to discover some mode of discriminating between measures, calculated to operate upon the hopes and fears of the nation, in order to sustain selfish and ambitious projects, and those honestly designed for the public good. This has necessarily led us into a long train of reasoning founded in analogy and experience, until it is too late to take up the principal question; this is therefore referred to our readers without a single observation, except this, that as force and corruption will destroy the influence of public opinion, without which influence liberty cannot exist, all who admire the principles of our constitution must clearly see, that its existence depends upon preventing these mortal enemies from becoming its administrators.
LYCURGUS. IF Mrs. NANCY COBETT, formerly of Boston, but who resided some time in Charleston, South Carolina, and with her husband, Mr. JAMES COBETT, was said to have removed to this city, will apply to the Printer of this paper, she will hear of something to her advantage. Richmond, August 25, 1800.
For Sale at this Printing Office, A NEW AND MUCH IMPROVED (AMERICAN) EDITION OF FENNING'S Universal Spelling Book

CONTINUATION OF THE LAST Foreign News, Received by arrival at New-York. SCIAFFAUSAN, (Switz.) June 20. It is reported that the right wing of the French army has gained a grand victory: he ordered Lecourbe to advance in order to cut the march of a body of 20 battalions, which, by order of General Kray, were going to Italy.
FRENCH REPUBLIC. ARMY OF ITALY.
Preliminary articles proposed by Lieutenant-general Count Hohenzoellern to Lieutenant-general Suchet, for the execution of the convention passed respectively between the generals in chief of the Austrian and French armies in Italy. Art. 1. The line of advanced posts on the side of Pinerolo, shall extend from the mouth of the Poletto to the confluence of Sesia, and along the said river, and that of Saussalla to the top of the mountain. The right banks will be occupied by the French, and the left by the Austrians.
2. No one, either in the city or in the country, shall be molested for his opinions, or for having carried arms, or served under the Imperial government.
Answer. This is already granted in the 13th article of the convention entered into between the generals in chief Berthier and Melas, the 26th Prairial, or 15th June.
3. The sick who shall remain on the 24th, shall have liberty to delay their removal without difficulty; and in consequence the Imperial flotilla shall wait for them in the port of Genoa.
Answer. That which relates to the execution of this article will be regulated by the French and Austrian commissaries named in the 12th article of the convention mentioned in the preceding article. We are persuaded that the removal of the sick Austrians, even after the time fixed by that convention, after surrender of that place, will not be made an object of dispute.
4. The communication with Savona by land shall be free.
Answer. That communication will be free, as will be reciprocally all the other French and Austrian posts.
5. Until that time no person in the French army shall be allowed to pass the advanced posts to Genoa, without permission from Count Hohenzoellern.
Answer. Agreed.
6. Count de Hohenzoellern notifies to the French General that he takes no part in what has passed between the English and the city of Genoa.
Answer. This article is under the cognizance of the commissaries named in the convention mentioned in the answer to article 2.
7. Count Hohenzoellern requires satisfaction for the event which happened to the regiment of Csal.
Answer. This affair will be properly noticed.
8. If the Imperial and French commissaries are not arrived at Genoa on the 22d, at five o'clock in the afternoon, an amicable agreement will be entered into respecting the manner in which Genoa shall be evacuated by the Austrian troops, according to the orders received by Count de Hohenzoellern, which fixes the departure for the 24th of this month.
Answer. A meeting will then take place to concert measures for the execution of the convention mentioned in the answer to article 2.
Cornigliano, 20th June, 1800. (Signed)
The Count de BUSSY. Vested with powers by Count de Hohenzoellern.
The adjutant-general, chief of the staff of Lieutenant-general Suchet, vested with powers by him, (Signed) PREVAL.
The chief of brigade, furnished with powers by Lieutenant-general Suchet. (Signed) L. MARES.
The lieutenant-general. (Signed) L. G. SUCHET.
Kellerman, general of brigade, to general Dupont, chief of the general staff.
Head quarters, June 21.
MY GENERAL, I hasten to render you the account that the city of Genoa will not be evacuated before the 24th inst. I have seen general Hohenzoellern, who told me he had received orders from general Melas to surrender the town and forts of Genoa to the French troops, with the ammunition and artillery agreed upon, the 24th June, at four o'clock in the morning. He has assured me, in a manner not to be doubted, that the orders which he received would on his part be executed with all the exactness and fidelity possible; though he could not refrain expressing his dissatisfaction at the convention, with which Melas had not acquainted him.
You may therefore be easy on his account, as well as on that of the English, who, since yesterday, are ready to put to sea, but are going away much displeased. They had the presumption to claim for themselves all the ammunition and artillery, but general Hohenzoellern opposed it, and has even been obliged to send two battalions to prevent it. We cannot but praise his frankness and loyalty towards us, and the Genoese themselves never made against him any subject of complaint.
The English carry away all the grain that has not been landed. Sixty thousand charges of wheat will be taken from Genoa to render to Leghorn, though merchants have offered six livres premium per charge. This time the vexation of the English got the better of their cupidity, and Lord Keith has declared that he was going to renew more frequently than ever the blockade of the port and the river, to revenge himself on that innocent town for our victories.
Yesterday general Willot embarked with a corps formed of some adventurers, and paid by England. Piebegrue was daily expected; it is from the Count de Bully that I have been informed of this. On the city of Genoa has been levied a contribution of a million of livres, of which 200,000 has already been paid.
This city has suffered cruelly, and has nevertheless preferred an attachment for the French. As soon as the convention was made known, the people wanted to resume the cockade; it has occasioned some disturbances, which has been appeased. The cockade has been permitted to the officers of the line.
Health and respect, KELLERMAN.
PARIS, June 23.
Never since '89 did joy manifest in Paris with more transport and a character of patriotism more affecting than on the 21st of June. Between the arrival of couriers and the first firing of cannon at the palace of the consuls, there was not sufficient interval to circulate among the people the important news of the victory of Maringo. It was then generally supposed that the discharge of artillery announcing the return of the first consul, and the eagles with which the people crowded to the Thuilleries is a homage, rendered to Buonaparte, which I remember with the more pleasure, as it was unconnected with flattery, but reposing entirely on sentiment. It was soon known, that important victories were the subject. They were informed these victories had decided the fate of Italy. It was soon known that Genoa was evacuated, and to do justice to the French generosity, the deliverance of that beloved city obtained the first tributes of public joy. Whatever questions were asked, "Genoa is free," were the first words that escaped every mouth. Meantime, during the prolonged discharge of the artillery, there was poured up in all the streets an extract from a Bulletin from the Army of Reserve; and generals, at the head of numerous detachments of cavalry and infantry, proclaiming the triumphs of the republican heroes in all the public places. All was avidity to hear, curiosity to learn, perseverance in interrogation, shouts a thousand times repeated of, Live the Republic! Live our brave Defenders! Live Buonaparte! Such were the exclamations, such the emotion, such the spectacle presented by every group in the course of the day!
At night, the palaces, the houses of the ministers, and the greater part of those of the citizens were illuminated. Why has fate ordered it that in the midst of the most just and unbounded joy, the melancholy death of the brave general Defaix should intervene to demand from the national gratitude the honorable tribute of its tears? Alas! this wildness of joy, which public gratitude demands, is the best panegyric on the memory of a great man. It is glorious for Defaix, in his untimely end, to have known the achievements of Maringo, to have forced an entire great nation to devote whole hours to the remembrance of the exploits of a single man.
June 24. Paris was illuminated yesterday evening. It was the first spontaneous illumination that has taken place for these last nine years. Gaiety was general; the labourers quitted their works, every thing had the air of a fete. The counselors of state hastened to address to the first consul the expressions of those sentiments which they partook in common with all France, and together with the ambassadors and the ministers went to pay their respects to Madame Buonaparte. Eugene Beauharnais, her son, is one of those brave men who signalized himself in the affair of the 27th, and a letter of Buonaparte bears testimony to his valour. She held in her hand a letter of general Berthier, containing a sprig of laurel taken from a crown which surmounted one of the colours taken from the enemy; "preserve this laurel religiously (writes Berthier), it costs us very dear." It is worthy of observation by those who reflect upon the instability of human events, that probably the guns at the Tower of London will announce the taking of Genoa, at the very moment the guns of the Thuilleries are announcing the recapture of that place.
We learn by a letter from Quimper dated the 28th Prairial, that the English have undertaken a disembarkation at the Isle of Grancey, situated at the west of Belleisle, but they did not succeed. As soon as they were informed of this attempt at L'Orient, they sent reinforcements. The same letter says, that a part of the English division is stationed on the heights of Penmark, and intercepts all the communications between the banks of the Loire and Quimper, and between Nantes, L'Orient, Port Louis, and Brest. A convoy bound from Nantes to L'Orient, on the 15th of June, had the good fortune to escape the English by favour of the night, and entered Benaudet on the coast of Quimper on the 19th without any accident. It was escorted by La Societe frigate.
At six o'clock in the evening of the 24th Te Deum will be sung at the Metropolitan Church of Notre Dame, as a thanksgiving
for the victories gained by the army of Italy. A letter from Frankfort of the 19th of June, represents the French as again in possession of Augsburg.
A courier is just arrived who left Milan the 18th in the evening; Buonaparte was then in that city. He says in his letters to the consuls, "Whatever may be said of the Atheists of Paris, I am now going to assist at Te Deum in the Cathedral of Milan."
They write from Strasbourg, that whilst Lecourbe was entering Augsburg general Grenier commanding the centre of the army of the Rhine, made himself master of Gunzburg, and that the left wing approached so near to Ulm, as seriously to menace it.
The second line of the army of Reserve is already composed of 15,000 men. Letters from the first consul to Madame Buonaparte give reason to expect him at Paris about the 29th of June.
Politicians wait with great impatience for the decision of the Austrian cabinet. The courier of Melas, who set out the 16th, ought to have arrived at Vienna on the 19th. Allowing then a day for the council of state to meet, deliberate and give its answer, the marshal could not receive it until the 25th. It is probably on a calculation of these distances that the first consul, who could not have advice of it sooner, at most than the 26th, has conjectured in his letters that he would be at Paris about the 30th. Whatever some Journals may assert, it is not probable that he will arrive before that time. We must further suppose, which is to be presumed, that the answer of Vienna will be favourable.
The Austrians established at Genoa a provisional administration, composed of five merchants or advocates. The six first are Joseph Doria and Aleramo Pallavicini, ex-Doges, Jerome and Jacques, Philippe Durazzo, Bernard Pallavicini, Augustin Fieschi, and Paschal Adorno. These nobles were all members of influence in the late Oligarchy. The members not noble were selected from among the citizens attached to the nobility, and who took no part in the revolution. General count de St. Julien was the president of the provisional administration.
If we may credit letters from Frankfort, the inhabitants of Vienna, already very much discontented with the defeats of field marshal Kray, openly broke out into murmurs when they learned that Buonaparte had passed the Alps without opposition, and after having rendered himself master of Milan, menaced all Italy. The populace, mingling their cries with the complaints of the people, advanced even under the walls of the Imperial palace, to re-demand the Archduke, "whose disgrace" as they said "was the source of all the disorders."
Defaix, who was killed at the battle of Maringo, had two brothers inscribed on the lists of emigrants. His mother, by their absence, and now by the loss of this beloved son, is left without support or fortune. We believe government intend to restore to her, her remaining children, and settle on her a pension worthy of the national gratitude.
Bulletin of the Army of Reserve.
MILAN, 28th Prairial (June 17.)
The cannoners of the guard belonging to the consuls have covered themselves with glory in all the affairs. At the battle of Montebello, they were with the tirailleurs, and three pieces of artillery, at twenty paces only from the enemy. The brother of gen. Watrin was killed at the battle of Marengo; he was an officer of great merit. M. Melas had in that affair two horses killed under him, and a confusion in the arm.
General St. Julien, with four or five other generals, had been made prisoners, but they had time to save themselves, whilst our soldiers were proceeding against the pieces of cannon. Several Hungarian and German grenadiers, who were prisoners passing near the First Consul, knew him; they had been made prisoners in the campaigns of the 4th and 5th years. Several cried out with a kind of satisfaction—Vive Buonaparte.
The first consul, in returning from the battle, met with a quantity of wounded soldiers, in that state of want and privation which are the inevitable consequences of a great battle. He said, as a few the brave men suffer, "one regrets not being wounded with them, in order that one might share their sufferings."
Generals, officers, and soldiers, of the Austrian army are indignant against Thugut. They do justice to the good intentions of their emperor, and appear convinced that they are fighting only that the
An Austrian general of much merit said at head quarters, we shall never have peace and repose on the continent, until with one consent we forbid—(The remainder of the speech contains ebule of the English).
All appear to be convinced that if we have not peace it will be the fault of—
The Austrian army appears to be very much attached to prince Charles, and attributes his disgrace to some pleasantries of the Archduke against Thugut, and to his well known opinion in favor of peace.
At Paris as at Vienna, in France as in Germany, in the French army as well as in the Austrian, every body is desirous of peace. The intrigues and the influence of the empress, and the disgrace of prince Charles, appear alone to prevent it. Had the emperor been in the field of battle at Maringo, his heart would have yielded to the sentiments of humanity which are natural to him, and he would have made peace. If he has religion he will think that there ought to be some punishment for whoever, by ambition or weakness, occasions so many miseries.
But when part of Italy should remain to the emperor, what will he do with it? Can he, from his palace at Vienna, govern the people of Romagna and the Banks of the Adda? Did he know how ill he has been served by his agents in Italy, how many vexations and imprisonments have been done in his name he would not set much value upon the possession of that country.
Because the French Government has adopted a tone of moderation, founded upon the confidence of the people, & upon solid bases, it was thought to be feeble and pusillanimous. No belief was placed in the French army of Reserve—it was turned into ridicule—they will not without doubt believe in the second, till it shall strike.
Suchet, lieutenant of the commander in chief, to General Buonaparte. Head-Quarters, Tenda, June 3.
After giving an account of his pursuit of general Elnitz, he says:
We continue to make prisoners. The army of gen. Elnitz is completely routed; one soldier took 50 prisoners with ease—Since my left we have taken from the enemy more than 2,400 men, 11 pieces of cannon, the Hill-Bras, the intrenched position of Forconi, the celebrated redoubts of the camp of Fourches; and lastly, the Col di Tenda. I am assured of these successes.
The enemy who threw themselves into the Rivieres, and fortified themselves there, were not able to guel at my movements. They thought that I should march towards Vintimiglia, and whilst I assemble all my forces on the right, cut the line at its extremity, and the next day at its centre. I left Clauzel to make such appearances, and to engage the attention of the enemy's general with 1000 men. I ran risks, but I was confident of victory and at all events, at the head of my brigade, Clauzel will this day drive the enemy from Vintimiglia, surround the little fort which they relieved; he will be seconded by a column which marches by the way of Olivette and Beverras. Gornier who according to your orders, is about to command in the maritime Alps, will be charged with this blockade, and with the preservation of the Tete du Pont, and Col di Tenda, which I shall fortify, I hope to be at Piece to-morrow with my advanced guard. An English vessel escorts Clauzel on the Riviere. Among the officers taken in the different affairs, we find colonels Bormes and Baron Molk, commandant of the corps of sapping pioneers. Since the 28th of May, we have taken 5000 prisoners, 15 pieces of cannon, a great quantity of baggage, implements of war and provisions, and are in possession of the whole department of the Maritime Alps. At this int. gen. Rochambeau informs me that the brigade Brunet has made 200 prisoners at Dolce Agua, and that a battalion of the 11th has taken a number at Olivetta.
Four regiments fled with difficulty by the Col di Tenda, throwing down their arms and Caskets. General Elnitz, Bellegard, Ulm, St. Julien, Vignatier, Marini, Latterman, and Kossenvitch, have been forced to retire to the Riviere of Genoa. I expect a battle there. We will exert ourselves to gain it, and join you in triumph. Respect and devotion.
(Signed) SUCHET.
FRANKFORT, June 22.
We are officially authorized to announce to the public, that 30 battalions of infantry under the orders of his royal highness the Archduke Charles, are collecting on the Inn; and that 10,000 men of Hungarian cavalry now assembled near Presburg, will advance to support the army.
June 25.
Extrait from a private letter.
One of the numerous German Gazettes assures us, that the Archduke Charles lately received a courier from Vienna at his place of retirement in Bohemia, charged with dispatches from the Emperor his brother, in which he earnestly prays him to resume the command of the Imperial army in Germany. At the same time the Prince received a deputation from the States of Bohemia, announcing to him that he will return to the head of the army, that kingdom will furnish voluntarily, an augmentation of 20,000 recruits, completely equipped. Prince Charles, adds the German journal, has been extremely charmed with these marks of esteem and confidence: he has thanked affectionately the States of Bohemia; and has replied to the Emperor, that he will consent to take the command of the army only on the following conditions, viz. that he himself compose the general staff of the army; that he have the uncontrouled direction of the military operations; and that the Aulic Council of War shall have nothing to do with the plan of the campaign.
The whole of the Prussian army of observation, destined to make the neutrality of Upper Germany respected, which is posted between the Wefer and the Rhine, is in complete motion for the last four or five days, with a view of changing all its position. One part is marching into the bishoprick of Munster, and towards the frontiers of the Batavian republic. From another quarter we learn, that several regiments of Hanoverian cavalry and infantry are again newly arrived on the frontiers of the Electorate of Hanover, and within the neighbourhood of Bremen and Oldenbourg, where they are at this moment encamped.
All the French prisoners of war, taken during the last campaign, and who remained in Hungary, Bohemia are exchanged for an equal number of Austrian prisoners. They will be conveyed by transports of from 5 to 600 men, within the neighbourhood of Mannheim and Frankfort, that the exchange may be more easily executed.
PARIS, 16th Messidor.
The first list of subscribers for the monument to be erected to the memory of general Defaix is just published. The amount of the subscription is 250,000 livres.
We learn that on the morning of the 5th the Austrians evacuated the different places they had occupied in the Brisgau before Kehl, and that they are in full march to join the army of General Kray.
By a Consular decree of the 28 Prairial, the siege of the communes of Havre and Ingouville is raised.
Letter of the Minister of the Interior to the Mother of Gen. Defaix.
"We have conquered at Maringo: that victory is the pledge of the peace of the world."
"I have the honor to send you the arrest of the Consuls of the Republic; the vaults of the roof of the temple of Mars, in Paris, will proudly arch over the trophies which the Republic crads to you; son; & the heights of Mount St. Bernard will exhibit them to view at the same time to victorious France and to liberated Italy."
"I hasten, madam, to send you the first medal stamped in honor of Defaix; by laying it under the basis of the column of the fourteenth of July, the mother of the hero will be associated to our homage."
"Receive the assurances and the testimony of the sentiments which fill our souls."
"An age always limits the life of a man; but his glory can devour ages."
"I have the honor to salute you. The Minister of the Interior,"
"LUCIEN BUONAPARTE."
FROM THE AURORA.
No. II.
THE TOUCHSTONE
FOR THE Leading Partymen in the United States.
THE state governments are not only essential parts of our political system, but they are entitled by an express and special stipulation in the federal constitution, to the effectual defence and faithful maintenance of the General Government in their republican form. "The United States, (says the national constitution) will guarantee to every state in the Union a republican form of government." Mr. Adams has told the world, in effect, however, that this guarantee may be interpreted to mean any thing; for in his answer to the artillery, Sec. of Bennington, Vermont, in 1798, he says "republican government may be interpreted to mean any thing." Is it possible for us to find, in all the extravagancies of the warm spirits on either side in this country, an expression more ferociously derogatory to the respectability and obligations of the federal constitution, more hostile to its force and efficacy, or more justly and reasonably alarming to the state governments? and yet with this justly offensive language within our knowledge and recorded in the public prints, men have been turned out of office, deprived of private business and employment, and marked upon "black lists," who refused to sign approbatory addresses. Do not these things prove a serious hostility to the constitution of the U. States to exist, among some leading men at least, in the federal party or connexion? It is really a matter of curiosity and alarm to observe how differently Mr. Adams views republican government, when speaking of the English constitution, and in reference to our affairs. He extolls the British constitution, in numberless forms and passages, throughout his three volumes, and among other compliments he says, that "the British constitution is, in the strictest sense, a republic." How is it that to make nothing of the most important clause of our constitution, he says, "republican government may be interpreted to mean any thing," throwing every thing loose, and frittering away the solemn constitutional guarantee of the state forms of government, to which he had sworn by his belief in Christianity; and yet he talks in reference to the English Government, of there being a strict sense of the word republic. Can a man be deemed an unfaithful citizen, who, knowing this, should doubt whether Mr. Adams is an intelligent, firm, and serious friend to the republican constitution of the United States? Is there any considerable man of any party, who has pressed himself so indecorously, or so as to induce greater doubts of his fidelity as a citizen? Men of decorum, faithful friends of our constitution, forgive this necessary freedom. These doubts are not of our raising, they are of Mr. Adams's own production, for we quote his own words, which produce those doubts. His declarations, alas, have been yet worse. It is very important that the republican form of government should be faithfully and completely preferred to the states, for if they were to become hereditary governments, they would forthwith impart the hereditary quality to the Senate of the United States, which is made up of representatives of those state governments, and not of representatives of the people. If our governments were to become hereditary in the executive and in one legislative house, and if the other house were to be chosen (as to a majority) by three or four thousand electors, in proportion to the British commons, then we should, according to Mr. Adams's creed and favorite example, be in the strictest sense, a republic still! If the good people of America consider men as criminal, ill-designing and seditious, who undauntedly notice such things in leading federalists, and who think they see in such acts sad and alarming evidences, that there is a want of a sincere attachment to our federal constitution, things must have arrived at a melancholy pass indeed. We cannot believe that this is the case. It is hoped that the people will consider for themselves these real proofs of dangerous views and doctrines on the present occasion.
There is nothing more important, in the whole scheme of civil society, than to devise a system of defence against attacks from foreign powers, which will not subject the nation to domestic dangers. It is believed, that to faithful governments nothing is more easy. History has informed us of vast, numerous and never failing dangers from royal kings, annihilated republics, expelled legislatures, overawed elections, banished public functionaries, broken constitutions, destroyed morals, and sold empires to the highest bidders at the point of the sword. Our consti-

tion therefore contemplates them with con- fidence. America had received, in the course of her short history, the most solemn warnings against regular, hired troops, from her own experience. The history of the wrongs of mankind and a knowledge of her own dangers and sufferings equally ad- monished America to beware of armies. Her constitution therefore contemplates them with consummate prudence. But her coun- try was menaced, was in danger; her coun- try must be defended. With five millions of people America had a million of militia, a million of men able to bear arms. A for- eigner, knowing of this grand constitutional means of defence, would at once suppose that the President, as constitutional com- mander in chief of the public force, had la- bored night and day to prepare the militia for the much talked of invasion by the French. But has he once animated them by his pre- sence on days of muster? Has a single order of the President been issued to the Secretary at War desiring him to enquire into the state of the militia at the awful conjuncture and make report thereof to the President? Did any such order issue to authorise and require the Secretary at War to do a single thing to encrease the respectability, discipline, effi- cacy, appearance, order, confidence or com- fort of the militia in a day of trial, so terri- ble and said to be so rapidly approaching that 40 or 50,000 regular troops (horse, foot, artillery and engineers) were authorised to be raised without delay? Was a single cir- cular letter written to the Governors of the States by the President, or by the Secretaries of War or State, requesting them, in their places, to take care that the militia be train- ed, disciplined, appointed and in all respects prepared, to repel the much talked of inva- sion? Has the President recommended the militia to legislative care? We know not of one such act, one such order, one such letter, or one such communication. Mr. Adams before his installation promised attention to the militia. "A well-regulated militia is necessary to the security of a free state," lays the fourth amendment of the constitution. If so in ordinary times, if so generally, much more so when invasion was laid to be proba- ble, when the World is in arms, and when a vast and dangerous regular force was placed in the discretion of the President to raise. But we are yet to be informed of any act of the President, which appears to prove that he was determined prudently and duly to balance the army by the militia, or to use the militia as the principal means of defence. He is fond of checks upon "the people's madness." He is read in History. He must know well that checks and balances for the military are more necessary. We affirm, that the civil power has never been able to maintain itself as an adequate check and balance for a large, regular hired army. Mr. Adams knows too, alas, that the executive power has often and generally, nay always preferred, in other countries, to put its mercenary troops into the same scale with itself, and that it has in- variably caused the conjoined weight of the Sceptre, the Sword, and the Treasury to preponderate, and the people (when unarm- ed and undisciplined) to kick the Beam. He knows, that great counterbalances are neces- sary to counterpoise great weights; that the executive power, and the sword, and the trea- sury of the state require a well-regulated mi- litia to counterbalance and check them. Look at our whole system and you will find no other. What has he done to these ne- cessary ends? Let him yet tell us. Let those who know it tell us. Has the President used the militia on real occasions as far as he could? When Presi- dent Washington suppressed the excise in- surrections, he did with militia only, what never was done in Britain or Ireland with their whole standing army. Washington used not one regular Battalion. When the Insurrection of FRIES in Northampton oc- curred, President Adams used not one bat- talion of militia. He collected regular troops, provisional army, segregated corps, made a militia brigadier into a regular brigadier to command the expedition, and did not call out one battalion or company of militia foot upon the occasion. When the House of Representatives, of their own motion, had prepared a bill to enable the President, to call out a respectable body of militia, even to repel the French, the Senate introduced a clause "to enable the President not to use any of the militia of the states between the Potomac and St. Croix, from Maryland to Main inclusive." On receiving this amend- ment (or alteration rather) the Representa- tives rejected it at once and sent the bill immediately back to the Senate, expecting that it would be passed, or as usual conferred upon. But threatened with danger of French invasion, as it was said we then were, the Senate proposed no conference, no compro- mise, but postponed this bill for the militia defence, till a following session, though they granted regular hired infantry, horse and ar- tillery, without the militia balance, in great- er numbers than were ever before confided to this government. The Senators appear- ed to wish the disuse of the militia. The constitution, as we have observed be- fore, wishes the disuse of a standing army and contemplates regular hired troops with cau- tion, prudence and apprehension, whenever it mentions them. It views standing armies as inadmissible, armies at best as an evil and contemplates the militia with an inviolable and unbounded confidence. Not so some of the federal Senators. The republicans love and would cherish the militia. Let the people, those who have a right to judge, de- termine between the two parties, whether the body of the republicans and their most ab- le and influential members have not mani- fested more attachment to this all important part of the constitution, than some at least of the leading and influential men in the federal
party. Let them determine whether ex- cessive outrages have not been committed by military men and corps, and let them point out the punishment, or restraint, or orders for punishment and restraint which the Presi- dent or federal administration or federal Gen- erals have issued in consequence. Let them say whether in these respects he has taken care that the laws were faithfully executed. The people are universally acquainted with the dangerous and alarming attempt to overturn the constitution, by means of Mr. Rols's presidential election bill, which com- mitted to Judges power, vested by the con- stitution to the judges, which gave to a com- mittee of six of each house the proper pow- ers which the constitution had given to each house itself; which gave to judges (officers of the government) powers equal to those of the presidential electors, who are forbidden to be officers of the government. This bill was strenuously supported by Mr. DEXTER, one of the Senators from Massachusetts, and Mr. Dexter also was appointed, immedi- ately after the failure of the bill, to direct the army, as secretary of war, a head of a department for which his principles and his political conduct alone could have recom- mended him, a cabinet counselor of Mr. A- dams. The Senate approved him. It is af- firmed, that the most able federal lawyers have admitted the absolute unconstitutionality of this bill. Yet Mr. Dexter glowing with its unconstitutional and tyrannous principles is appointed by the president to direct the army. Americans, fellow-citizens, we wish not to inflame, but suffer us to warn you of such dangers. Believe us, we are not de- ceivers. Let men, who value that order, which grows by the favor of heaven, out of a constitution legiti- mately adopted, and faithfully executed, consider well what has been said. Let them consider the inefficient and artful declarations against the repub- licans as enemies of the constitution, let them com- pare their conduct with these open and known acts of certain at least of the federal leaders. Let them apply to both sets of men this fair touchstone, which might be immensely enlarged, and let them then determine, among which party are to be found the most doubtful friends, the most probable enemies of our excellent and unequalled constitution. Let them say whether JEFFERSON and BULL, are less faith- ful than ADAMS and PICKERING. FACT.
Westward of Jones's falls, the city at present is uncommonly healthy, not- withstanding a few military cases of sudden deaths have lately happened therein. On Fell's Point, we find an in- flammatory bilious fever now exists —it first made its appearance along the water next the cove, between the inspection house and the causeway and progressing gradually up Bond and Fleet streets, and thence spread in various directions into other adjacent streets. We have no hesitation in declaring it to be entirely owing to our own lo- cal sources of filth, vegetable and ani- mal putrefaction and marsh effluvia within and around that part of the city, particularly the foul shore of the cove above mentioned, and not to any imported or human contagion. This being also the unanimous opinion of the faculty in that part of the city, strongly points out that the means of prevention in future, under favor of Divine Providence, are in our own hands, and that a rigorous and ener- getic execution of the nuisance and health ordinances must, and we have no doubt, will take place. We are happy in stating that in our visit to Fell's Point yesterday, we found that since the fall of rain on the 17th inst. there seems to be a suspen- sion of the contagious influence of the atmosphere, the number of new cases having greatly diminished, owing to the coolness of the weather, and an uncommon high tide, with a fresh S. E. wind which is washing and clean- ing the said foul shore. Finding it difficult to ascertain with accuracy the number that have been taken sick and that have died since the commencement of the disease, we can only say that the physicians, one and all, informed us that but a small number, comparatively speaking, of their patients have died. But be- ing desirous to deal in facts and not in conjecture, we called upon all the practising physicians on the Point and obtained from them the actual number of their patients at present, and among them the number of those which in their opinion are dangerous. The total number of sick being 115 Supposed dangerous 12 This compared with the daily returns of the burials, which we shall continue to publish from this day forward, signed by the secretary, will enable our fellow citizens to judge for themselves; as it is the mortality of a disease that ought to designate its malignant nature, and not the num- ber of the disease. As occasion may require we shall give further information of its operation; and we earnestly recommend to all concerned, cautioning to avoid all exciting causes, among which are, intemperance in drink and diet, catch- ing cold from thin clothing, night air or rain, and violent exercise or labor under a hot sun. Thus, fellow-citizens, you have now before you an undisguised view of the real state of the present disease—whether we are censured for some being too candid, or by others for not using a more terrific name in describing it, is with us no consideration. Placed as we are, as guardians to watch over the health of the city, the faithful discharge of our duty alone has go- verned us, and we trust always will. JOHN STUMP, ADAM FORRESTER, JOSEPH TOWNSEND, ISAAC H. WARFIELD, WILLIAM JACKSON, City of Baltimore, August 21. Commrs. of Health. List of the Interments in the different burying grounds in the city and precincts, during the last 24 hours ending Wednesday morning at sun rise—6 Adults—4 Children. For the 24 hours ending Thursday morning at sun rise—7 Adults—3 Children. ALEXANDRIA, August 23. Just as this paper went to press, the armed ship, Welcome Return, (belong- ing to col. Hope,) Capt. Guinie, arrived from Liverpool. She left Liverpool the 12th July. Every possible exertion was made on our part to obtain papers, but without success. The reasons why our endeavours were rendered ineffectual, our readers can perhaps determine. We are not without hope, however, that before our next publication, we shall be furnish- ed, from another source, with a few En- glish papers of the latest dates received by the above arrival—when the news shall be faithfully and impartially detailed. PETERSBURG, August 26. The only means of procuring intelligence respecting the progress of the contagious fever prevailing at Norfolk, is by persons coming from that town. The papers pub- lished there are entirely silent on the subject. We understand that it is fatal in almost every
tuesday says, that upwards of twenty died the day he left Norfolk. THE VIRGINIA ARGUS. RICHMOND: Friday, August 29, 1800. Major Wm. Du-Val, Col. Alex. Quar- ter, and Col. David Lambert, are the com- missioners appointed by the Governor, to in- terpret the election of Electors of Presi- dent and Vice-President of the United States, in this city—And Col. Nathaniel Wilkin- son, Col. Miles Salden, and Daniel L. Hyl- ton, Esq. for the country—in conformity to the law passed last session of Assembly, pre- scribing the mode of election. John Mels, John C. Hunter, and Francis Peyton, Esqrs. are appointed to superintend the election for the county of Fauquier. From the Gazette of the United States. Having at length engaged a gentleman of distinguished talents to assist in writing a His- tory of the Life of the late General Wash- ington, this work will be immediately com- menced, and will be completed as expedi- tiously as the nature of such an undertaking will permit. BUSHROD WASHINGTON. August 16th, 1800. The friends of order, in the next election for president, have relied much upon the probability that the Maryland assembly, will interfere, and choose themselves the electors for president. We have good authority for saying that the as- sembly will not act, previous to that election, that, as formerly, the electors will be chosen by districts; and of course, that Mr. Jefferson will get five or six votes in that state. The late career of Buonaparte in Italy has ex- cited every thing that was formerly said in the annals of history. George the third will find himself in the wrong box, if peace shall be made between the emperor and the conqueror, as in all probability has been the case, before this time. Two years ago, Mr. Adams boasted, at his own table, that he would rather fight the French for twenty years than give them a shilling! And the author of the Prospect has been prodigiously blame- ed for calling this the language of madness. Think of our miserable eight per cent. loans, of our ap- proaching British war, of the almost miraculous passage of the Alps, of the instantaneous extinction of an hundred thousand Austrians, and then judge between the Prospect and the President. It should not be forgotten by the bye, that we then were, and now are, paying tribute to the British, the Algerines, and to every tribe of bar- barians, on the western frontier. Of the Commissioners. [From the New-York Gazette of the 19th inst.] "In our Gazette of yesterday, we mentioned the arrival in the Sound of the ship Columbus from Rochelle. Yester- day the Columbus arrived at this port, and the dispatches were immediately put in the post-office, and will be for- warded to the office of the Secretary of state. A gentleman who came passen- ger in the Columbus informs us, that these dispatches were brought down to Rochelle by the Secretary of the Ameri- can Legation, and were dated the last of May." And the following is from the New- York Mercantile Advertiser, of the same date: "Captain G. Lindner, who arrived here on Saturday, in the ship Columbus, from Rochelle informs, that at the time he left Paris, which was about the 12th June, the negotiations between our com- missioners and those of the French Re- public were going on, but were some- what retarded in their progress by the indisposition of Joseph Buonaparte, one of the commissioners.—What may have oc- curred since that time, we pretend not to say: but we are strongly inclined to dis- credit the report by way of St. Sebas- tians, that the negotiations were suspen- ded." In order to take the edge from the recent ad- vices from Europe, two of the New-York papers, have asserted, that the negotiations between our ministers and those of France, have been suspend- ed, and they alleged, that the French government has refused to make restitution for the illegal cap- tures. Upon the face of these assertions they carry con- tradiction with them. If any dispute or difference could arise, it would not be in a general way, as an objection to pay for property illegally taken. This would not only be hostile to the law of nations, but to the spirit of moderation, which has marked the recent policy at France. It would be hostile to the spirit which repealed the obnoxious decree, and which placed America on the same footing with regard to France, as she was by the treaty of 1778. This fact alone puts the report fairly out of countenance. We have in our reach a copy of the decree of the French consuls, which goes to establish this relation; and it would surely be ridiculous to believe, that the second and third consul would undo, what was previously done by Buonaparte. It is insufficient in the highest degree, for the anti- federalists to give birth to such flagrant impostures at this time, because many would be apt, from a consideration of the moderation of the French consuls, and the folly that has characterised ours, to suspect that the dispatches by the Portsmouth , capt. M c Nel , were intended to produce some effect on the approaching election. Such steps, however, would produce a very opposite effect from what the artful ones assume. The people of America are disposed to maintain peaceable relations with all nations, and not to provoke or seek war with any. The conduct of France has unimpaired the same disposition. And any attempts by the intrigues of Britain or their adherents to produce a rupture, would only confirm the people more generally, than they even now are, that it would be indi- spensably necessary to place Mr. Jefferson in the chair, because his desire for an universal peace is well known. (Aut ic .)
female education, a work highly in- teresting to the English Reviewers. To every thing there is a season, and a time for every purpose under heaven. But the whole man; but he said it before the death of baby bath —This modern device is a sort of alibi conspiracy against the pro- vidence, the health and the happiness of chil- dren; and, by fashioning amusements in the room of the child for the single day, the unbought delight which naturally belongs to their blooming season is the robbery of spring , from the year. To sacrifice the true and hap- py enjoyment of sprightly and happy chil- dren is to make them pay a dear and dis- proportionate price for their artificial pleasures. They step at once from the nursery to the ball room; and by a preposterous manage- ment are thinking of dressing themselves or amuse when they need to be dressing their souls. Instead of bounding with the ex- tended freedom of wood nymphs, over hill and dale, their cheeks, flushed with health, and their hearts overflowing with happy mirth, these gay little creatures are shut up all the morning, demurely practising the pas grave , and imitating the serious business of acquiring a new Rep for the evening, with more cost of time and pains than it would have ta- ken to acquire twenty new ideas." WHEREAS satisfactory informa- tion has been received that four contagious dis- eases at Norfolk, which without due precaution may be communicated to other parts of this com- monwealth, and it being the duty of the Executive to prevent the spreading of the said disease, by en- acting the laws made and provided for that purpose to be faithfully executed, I have therefore thought fit with the advice of the Council of State, to issue this Proclamation, inhibiting all vessels coming from the said port of Norfolk upon James river, to perform Quarantine at Aspin's Point , and all other vessels coming from said port to any other port within this commonwealth, to perform Quarantine at the places heretofore designated for such ports respec- tively, for the term of fifteen days, to be computed from the time they severally failed from the said port of Norfolk. All captains and masters of ves- sels, failing from the port of Norfolk, to any other port of this commonwealth, are required to comply with this injunction, otherwise they will ex- pose themselves to the penalties inflicted by the law in case of disobedience. And I do hereby call on the Superintendents of Quarantine at the said several ports, to be vigilant and active in the dis- charge of their duty, observing that due exami- nation be made of all vessels about to enter their re- spective ports, to ascertain whence they came, and that they cause those coming from Norfolk to be forthwith confined to the station appointed for the port to which they are bound, and also see that the quarantine above enjoined be strictly and faith- fully performed, in all other respects according to law. Given under my hand, and under the seal of the Commonwealth, at Rich- mond, this twenty third day of Au- (L. S.) gust, one thousand eight hundred, and one the commonwealth the twenty fifth James Monroe. Now in the Press, And in a few weeks will be published, (Price, three quarters of a dollar) THE Prospect before Us, VOL. II. PART I. AND HELL FOLLOWED. St. JOHN. Sold by M. Jones, and S. P. PEAFFANTS, jun. in Philadelphia by W. Duane; and by the Author, in the jail of Richmond. IT is expected that the second part of the present volume will be ready for publication in the course of the fall; but as the choice of elec- tors for president is fast approaching, as the salu- tion of this country depends upon the disposition of the present incumbent, and as the writer had pledged himself to his readers, that a second volume should appear about this time, he has made every exertion that his present situation admits of to keep his promise, and perform his duty. The printers of the Advocate , the Bet- ter American , and the Petersburg Republican , are requested to insert this for a few times, in each of their newspapers. Notice is hereby Given, To the Share-holders in the Upper Appomattox Company, That an ELECTION OF TRUSTEES, WILL be held at James Town's, in Am- herst county, on THURSDAY the second day of OCTOBER next. All holders of shares are re- quested to attend in person or by proxy, as no elec- tion can take place unless votes should be given for a majority of the whole number of shares. Thomas Mumford, Clerk. 23d August, 1800. 120 Found, The KEY of an IRON CHEST. The owner may have it by applying at this Printing-office. Aug. 27. CASH GIVEN FOR Wheat & Tobacco, BY (15 3 ) BARTLETT STILL. Notice. THEBY give notice to the public, that I a some time ago entered into a contract for the sale of a valuable Farm-land in this country, to Thomas E. PEAFFANTS, upon certain dis- puted terms, which terms he has failed to comply with; I shall therefore withhold my right therein from any person or persons, purchasing, leasing, or renting from the said Peanffants. Elijah Johnson. Louisa, August 28, 1800. 121

Domestic Medicines.
FOR THE CURE OF COUGHS, COLDS, ASTHMAS, AND CONSUMPTIONS.
DR. CHURCH'S COUGH DROPS
Is a Medicine unequalled by any other in the world... It is a Sovereign Specific and Effectual Remedy in...
ASTHMAS & CONSUMPTIONS, and all Disorders of the Breasts and Lungs.
The only Medicine in the World, that Cures the most Inveterate TCH in four hours.
The Genuine Patent South Ointment,
For Pleasantry, Safety, Expedition, Ease and Certainty, is infinitely superior to any other Medicine for the cure of the TCH.
FOR Nervous Disorders, Female Complaints, Gout in the Stomach, Melancholy, Seminal Weakness, Loss of Appetite, Bilious Disorders, Inward Weakness, Indigestion, Obsolete Griefs, Juvenile Infirmities, and Premature Old Age,
The Cordial Restorative Balm
Is recommended as a Medicine of specific and unparalleled virtues for the immediate relief and speedy and permanent cure of the above disorders...
Those, who in advanced life, feel the consequences of youthful excesses, or unfortunate youth, who have brought on themselves a numerous train of evils...
For whether the system has received a shock, and is debilitated from imprudencies or intemperance in the earlier part of life...
To the young it will afford lasting health, strength and spirits, in place of lassitude and debility...
Constitutions relaxed, weak or decayed in men or women, are under the immediate influence of this Restorative.
Old coughs, soon relieved, and speedily cured. Poverty of blood and emaciated
It will no doubt be acceptable to the reader, to see accounts of some of the remarkable cures which have been performed by this truly invaluable medicine...
FOR THE CURE OF FITS.
THE PATENT ANTISPASMODIC ELIXIR Convulsions, Hiccup, Epilepsy, or Falling Sickness, Are effectually Cured by this Excellent Medicine.
AFFIDAVIT.
"I, James Pocock, of No 40 North Street, in the Parish of St. Luke's, Middlesex, do make oath, That I was grievously afflicted with Fits for upwards of fourteen years...
JAMES POCOCK.
Sworn before me at the Mansion House, this twenty-ninth day of August, 1756. WM. CURTIS, Mayor.
DR. CHURCH'S CELEBRATED VERMIFUGE LOZENGES
For Destroying Worms in Children and Grown Persons. They are an excellent alternative, containing nothing but what is perfectly innocent...
FOR ALL DISEASES OF THE EYES
The Celebrated Eye-Salve,
PREPARED BY DR. J. CHURCH. For several years universally acknowledged as a certain and infallible cure for Inflammations, Dunnels, Dryness, Brights, Itchings, and Films on the Eyes...
VOLATILE TINCTURE, FOR THE TOOTH ACHE,
The most effectual remedy ever discovered for that tormenting pain. It is an immediate and permanent relief in the most violent cases...
To the Nervous, Weak, Debilitated, Senile, and Consumptive, IS RECOMMENDED
The celebrated Botanical Tea, INSTEAD OF FOREIGN TEA.
This Tea is universally approved of in preference to Foreign Tea, as the most pleasant, wholesome, enlivening, invigorating, and powerful restorative ever adopted...
It is taken for breakfast instead of foreign tea, and as our first aliment in the morning is designed to recruit the waste of the body from the night...
The Botanical Tea
Is singularly effectual in all cases of inward weakness, trembling or shaking of the hands, loss of appetite, (particularly in the morning), desolation of spirits, windy complaints...
FOR THE CURE OF CORNS.
Infallible German Corn Plaster.
This Plaster (the invention of a German Physician, who administered it in Germany with the greatest success) is infallible for the Cure of Corns.
Pimples, Blotches, Tettars, Ring-Worms, Freckles, Sun-Burns, Stings and the Prick, by Heat, are effectually and speedily cured, by the application of
The Genuine Vegetable Lotion.
PREPARED ONLY BY THE INVENTOR, DR. JAMES CHURCH, At his Dispensary, Washington-Street, New-York.
The Proprietor, from having administered it several years, with the greatest success in England, is confident it is unrivalled by any Lotion or Cosmetic whatever.
The above Medicines are prepared, only, by Dr. JAMES CHURCH, at his Dispensary, New-York: & sold by appointment, by SAMUEL PLEASANTS Jun. printer Richmond Virginia. June 2d, 1800.
At City-Point for Glasgow,
The British Armed Ship, MARY, Captain Kelsy;
Will receive 50 Hhds tobacco on freight, if application is made immediately. The Mary has good accommodation for passengers, and will be ready to sail for the 10th September.
Robert Pollok & Co. Richmond, August 14th, 1800.
I have three good TEAMS of HORSES, with sundry WAGGONS and GEARS, all of which I will sell on a credit (with security) and payable in Waggons services, by hawling Coals.
I WILL ALSO RENT, An excellent STAND in Manchester for a TAVERN and RETAIL STORE, with every necessary accommodation of Buildings, Lots, Gardens, Wells of Water, &c. &c. and give immediate possession.
LUMAN BISHOP. Manchester, August 13, 1800.
ON the 1800, we gave three bonds to Isaac Findlay for the purchase of a third share; one for the sum of one hundred pounds payable the 20th day of August...
Wm. Pulliam. Geo. Underwood. John Magee. Hanover, Aug. 12, 1800.
DOCT. RUSSELL'S HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE.
Subscriptions to this invaluable work, will be received at Prichard's Book-Store and at S. Pleasants' Printing Office, Richmond, till further notice. June 6, 1800.
A FEW COPIES OF THE Hot Pressed Bible For Sale,
BAIL BONDS May be had at S. Pleasants' Printing-Office.
The subscriber offers for sale, A tract of Land,
IN Halifax county, on Banister River, about two or three miles from its junction with Dan River. It contains between 5 and 6 hundred acres...
Land for Sale.
Four hundred Acres,
LYING on both sides the south fork of Sandy river, in Pittsylvania county, adjoining Morton's settlement; about 45 miles above Hartfield's (former y Brooke's) ferry, on Staunton river...
Land for Sale.
A valuable tract of LAND, CONTAINING eight hundred and forty two acres, lying in the county of Albemarle, on 20th creek, within three miles of the town of Warren on James river...
It is presumed that any person inclined to purchase will view the premises, and that a further description is unnecessary. The land will be shown and the terms made known, on application to the subscribers living near the premises. John Lewis. Owen Lewis, sen. May 19th, 1800.
Wanted,
In a private family in the country, a TUTOR who can teach reading, writing and arithmetic. Also, an CARMEN, for the ensuing year, who is acquainted with the farming business.
TO BE RENTED,
Tenements,
Situated at Aylett's Warehouse, on Mattaponi river, to wit: A two story house, (which has lately had an addition of twenty four feet added to it) at present in the occupancy of William Powell & Co. as a Tavern...
Such as were presented to congress, representing the Battle of Bunker's Hill, and Death of Gen. Warren, and the Death of Gen. Montgomerie before Quebec. Price - TEN DOLLARS. January 4, 1800.
TRUMBULL'S PRINTS,
With their KEYS,
Such as were presented to congress, representing the Battle of Bunker's Hill, and Death of Gen. Warren, and the Death of Gen. Montgomerie before Quebec. Price - TEN DOLLARS. January 4, 1800.
Late War in Ireland,
United Irish Association
From the first meeting at Belfast, to the landing of the French at Killala. March 24.
Monday, August 12, Amelia county.
The SEMINARY OF LEARNING,
Announced in this paper to have been established in Amelia, is now in full operation and ready to receive Students.
Small-Pox.
THE FALL INOCULATION
WILL commence on the 18th of September, at my Hospital in the county of Buckingham; the natural advantages attending its situation are all that can be desired...
JAMES WALKER.
P. S. There will be a Steward, who will furnish those who are not desirous of finding themselves in diet, at two dollars per week, or seven dollars during the time; also, lodging to those who live at a distance.
N. B. There will be fresh matter, to prevent any disappointment. Patients will be received until the last of October. J. W.
I WANT TO PURCHASE ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND Barrel Staves.
JOSEPH GALLEGO.
May 15th, 1800.
TO MILLERS.
An Excellent Assortment of DUTCH BOLTING CLOTHS, ARE JUST RECEIVED, and for Sale at the Store of the Subscriber. Joseph Darmstadt. January 1, 1800.
Notice.
ALL persons indebted to Dr JAMES FRAZER, of Manchester, are hereby notified that I am duly authorized by a power of attorney from said Frazier, to settle and collect all his accounts.
Ran away
FROM the subscriber, in Powhatan county, two Negro Men, named SIMON and GABY. Simon went off the 23th of March - he is 25 years old, five feet seven or eight inches high, and of a yellowish complexion.
JOHN HUNNICUT.
May 24th, 1800.
Notice.
In consequence of the death of AMBROSE HERRON, the Copartnership of CUNNINGHAMS & HERRON IS DISSOLVED.
All persons indebted to said firm are earnestly requested to come forward and discharge their accounts; and those having claims against it will please exhibit them to the subscribers for settlement. John Cunningham. Ed: Cunningham. Cartersville, August 15, 1800.
Just Received,
THE Columbian Reading Book,
OR Historical Preceptor:
A collection of authentic history, anecdotes, characters &c. calculated to incite in youthful minds a love of virtue, from its intrinsic beauty, and a hatred of vice, from its disgusting deformity. March 24.
Bail & Delivery Bonds
For sale at this Printing-Office.