Alexandria daily advertiser (Alexandria [Va.]), 1806-05-21 00:00:00

It is a subject of natural curiosity to inquire into the causes, which have so rapidly conducted France to the conquest of the continental part of Europe. By carefully tracing their operation we may be the better enabled to calculate the chances of her triumph over England and of necessary consequence over America.
It was a long time the fashion to ascribe French victories to the republican fanaticism of her citizens. When France ceased to be republican in name, and it was only in name that she ever was republican, the superior personal bravery of the French soldiers and the superior genius of Bonaparte were deemed to be the two adequate causes of her triumphs.
There is probably little ground for these opinions, or the influence of these causes is much overrated. The body of American democrats are, no doubt, the greatest political bigots in the universe. They are accustomed to believe that no tenets can be true or wise but their own. That all power is derived from the people and should be exercised for their benefit is a principle of which they fancy the world was ignorant till it was discovered in the course of our revolution. Considering themselves the sole depositaries of political truth, having in their hands her casket where she keeps liberty, the most precious of her jewels, they think our country is entitled to be not a little vain of the office. They feel too as if all patriotic merit consists in propagating their principles through the world with a rage of proselytism. They would rejoice if not only France but the Grand Turk and the Dey of Algiers should gather their unlettered rabble into primary assemblies and make them swear, with all the zeal and sincerity of opium and brandy, to maintain the RIGHTS OF MAN with their daggers and their pikes.
Accordingly, when France said and sung and swore the words of their republican creed, they were sure the grovelling world was very near being houted from its centre; it would be launched into the sky and glitter among the brightness of the stars. The reign of perfectibility was beginning, man for long a reptile, trodden in the mire, was rising to overtop the tallest of the ferns. Their teeming fancies had made a creation of their own and lighted it with a new sunshine. Above all things, it delighted their hearts to see the vulgar, the squalid hosts of vice and ignorance issue from the opening cellars of the Faubourg St. Antoine and from the emancipated jails, to exercise the sovereignty of The People by a signal vengeance on the Magistrates, their enemies. They were sure the structure of society must have risen, when they saw its low foundations already higher than its roof. It was not long before this rabble army was arrayed as a body of Marseilles patriots, and as a part of the National Guards. The splendid virtues of France were attributed to the exalted heroism of these men, who it was said, fought well, not because they were soldiers but because they were citizens. More than a million of the grown people of America believed that the liberty loving portion of Frenchmen made them an over match for the disciplined mercenaries of Austria and Prussia, and that the citizens were the better for their ignorance of discipline. The French generals were not the dupes of our silly opinions. They drilled and punished their citizens, till they would stand fire and push bayonet, and if they would not, they shot them.
The notion that the political opinions of the common men will make them better soldiers is strangely absurd. They are more likely to effect a mutiny than a triumph. Men may fancy they are soldiers, but they are not really such, until discipline and habit have new moulded their thoughts and inclinations. The reviews of peaceable tradesmen are no more than the solemn farce of a pantomime, acted in the open air instead of the theatre. We would not be understood to say that the militia has not both its merit and its use. Both we confess are great. But we do say that their proper use is not to face a veteran enemy. It is indeed very possible that political enthusiasm, as well as religious fanaticism, may inspire a sudden fury into the bosoms of a raw undisciplined multitude. But a veteran corps would surely defeat such a multitude.
If the inhabitants of France ever felt the republican enthusiasm, which is indeed very questionable, there is not much reason to believe that it contributed to fill the ranks of their own army or to make those of their enemy give way. Experience, which brings plausible theories to the test, and a correct knowledge of human nature, have abundantly confuted the notion that the common men are the better soldiers for the founders of their logic or their politics. Men are very much alike, in all the European countries, in respect to their capacity for being trained for war. When so trained, the difference between two hostile armies of equal numbers will be found to lie in the talents of their subaltern officers and principal commanders.
Common soldiers are soon trained, but it is a work of art and time to form officers. There is not the least reason in the world to suppose that the Austrians or Russians are inferior to the French soldiers in steady, persevering valor. But there is ample evidence of the superiority of the French officers over those of their enemies. War has become, indeed it ever was, among civilized nations, a science. It excites and employs the utmost vigor and
extent of human intellect. Though it is a science, it is such only for the officers, not for the common men. For two centuries past, France has devoted more attention & more money to the perfection of this science than all the rest of Europe. Lewis XIVth established such military schools as the great Cyrus would have desired for the education of the officers of that army that achieved for him the conquest of Asia. Bonaparte and Moreau, both undoubtedly great generals, are indebted for their triumphs to these schools. It is often said the common men will dare to do whatever their officers will lead them on to do. It is no less proper to say the officers will seldom flinch from leading the men if they but know how to lead them.
Nothing is more certain than that the military institutions of France supplied the first revolutionary armies with an infinite number of accomplished young officers, who glowed with impatience to gain glory and promotion in that profession which had from their infancy engrossed their thoughts and kindled all their passions. The revolution furnished only sparks and not the fuel for their combustion.
Nor is there the least reason to pretend that the first French armies were composed of raw recruits. An immense standing army was maintained, and when it is considered that on the side of the low countries and on the Rhine, France guarded what has been emphatically called her iron frontier, with a double row of fortified towns, and that every one of these was occupied with a veteran garrison that would figure as a respectable American army, we see plainly that France possessed every advantage for success in war, from the very first day of her military operations.
The democrats, to a man, believe that France was entirely defenceless when the "coalition of despots" secretly entered into the treaties of Pilnitz and Pavia for her dismemberment. Those treaties, it has been a thousand times proved, are forgeries. Austria was taken by surprise. The emperor Joseph had levelled the ramparts of his towns in the Netherlands, Luxembourg excepted, and his troops in that country were no more than a feeble corps of observation. The Austrians had a larger proportion of raw recruits in their armies than the French.
Be it remembered too that the revolution supplied the French with an unexhausted superfluity of men and means that no regular government in the world could countervail. That man must be strongly disordered in mind, who can now look back on French affairs and say that the revolutionary leaders, possessing such means, left any option to the governments of England or Austria to remain at peace. As well might they say, when a whole street is burning, that a man, by sitting calm in his elbow chair, might save his house from the flames. The English government, in particular, was near the scene, and could not see the revolution, like Aetna vomit fire, without some natural fears and some prudent measures of precaution. Who is now ignorant that Brissot and Barras and Danton and Robespierre would choose to understand those fears and those precautions as signs of the inveterate hostility of kings to the French liberty. If the English could have shunned the war in February, 1793, it would have been forced upon them before June.
It is childish prattle to charge the enemy's of France with the commencement of the war. The nature of the revolution was war against mankind. Its vital principle was a burning passion for power within the state, and when they had gained that, to establish by arms the power of France over every other state. Why is the vulture carnivorous? Why does not the tyger of Bengal eat grass? We might with as much good sense inquire why does not the torrent stay upon the hills? Way are the collected waters of the revolutionary storm precipitated from the height of the Alps, to desolate the plains & to bury men and their labors under masses of barrenness & ruin?
The military means of Austria were stinted, those of France unlimited. In almost every battle the French had the advantage. The officers, even the subalterns, had been educated so as to qualify them to be generals. The generals were fit for nothing else; they understood their trade & aspired to no other sort of distinction. The French, always well commanded by their officers, well supplied by their enemies countries which they ravaged, have rapidly overrun all Europe.
Another cause of the French superiority and which has grown out of the real superiority of their military science is to be found in the excellence of their artillery. The number and the manageableness of the French field artillery, must have given
them decisive advantage over the Russians in the late battle of Austerlitz. It is not to be supposed that the Russians have equally improved their artillery, nor if they had, would they have encumbered their march of eight hundred leagues, especially when they had so many reasons for haste, with an immense train of field pieces. They would be the less disposed to do this as the Austrians must have been relied upon to supply them in sufficient number. The French, by the celerity of their movements, had however obtained possession of a great part of the Austrian artillery. The deficiency of the Russians in this point was probably a material cause of their loss of the battle.
When gun powder and great guns were first brought into use, they were more capable of striking an enemy with a panic than of breaking his line. The cannon were unwieldy machines, and the management of them was unskilful. Still the army which had them must have possessed a great advantage over that which had none. In the time of the famous duke of Marlborough, the event of a battle depended on the expertness and resolution of infantry in discharging their muskets. In still more modern wars, the bayonet has been considered the arbiter of victory. But the French have introduced another revolution in the science of war, the lightness and prodigious number of their horse artillery enabling them to disorder and break an enemy's ranks, without coming to close fight, by raining upon them an intolerable tempest of grape shot.
By means of their innumerable field pieces, and of their unusual proportion of cavalry, it has become impossible for their enemy to defend a country by lines or field intrenchment. It has been stated that Bonaparte's grand army was attended by fifty thousand horse. Such a body, always on the alert, could strike an enemy at almost any distance, and in every mortal part at once. If he contracted his posts, his flanks would be turned; if he spread out his troops to prevent it, his lines would be forced. By resisting, he met his fate and if he retreated, it was swift and overtook him.
Thus we have seen the French maintain the same invariable superiority over the Austrians and lately over the Russians in the field, that the Spaniards possessed over the Mexicans. The Russians and Austrians are as brave as the French, but the French are really superior in the science of their officers, in the number and management of their cannon and their cavalry. They will continue therefore to beat their enemies as the Romans did. Even the Grecian phalanx, supposed to be the perfection of military science and absolutely invincible, was found unequal to the contest with the Roman legion.
(To be continued.)
NEW YORK, May 17.
The following extracts are from London papers received at the office of this Gazette, by the ships Science, Howard and Robert Burns, Waite, the former from London, and the latter from Liverpool.
London, March 29.
Last night the chancellor of the exchequer opened the budget, and submitted to the house his statement of the supplies and ways and means for the service of the year.
  The total of the supplies required for Great Britain alone £43,618,472   He estimated at   The whole of the ways and means at 43,630,000   Consisting of the following items:   Malt and personal estate duties, 2,750,000   Grants from proceeds of ships captured prior to the war, 1,000,000   Lottery, 380,000   Surplus consolidated fund to 5th April, 1807, 3,500,000   War taxes, 19,500,000   Deduct, as likely to be outstanding at 5th April, 1807, 1,500,000   Loan, 18,000,000   18,000,000   43,630,000 
The new taxes are of two descriptions: the war taxes and the permanent duties; the last of which are to be appropriated to the payment of the interest upon the loan.
The war taxes are to consist in an addition of three and three-quarters per cent. to the duty upon property, making in the whole ten per cent. and various duties in customs and excise, affecting principally sugar and tobacco; the probable produce of all which he estimated at 6,000,000.
The new permanent taxes are to be derived from the four following items, viz.
  Wine £500,000   Unrought iron 500,000   Tea, 70,000   Sales by appraisement 66,000   Total £1,136,000 
making in the whole seven millions one hundred and thirty-six thousand pounds, in addition to the existing public burthens.
The statement of lord Henry Petty had the merit of being perspicuous and unembarrassed, and the principles of the new, as well as the additional taxes, appeared to meet with the general approbation of the house. The details will, however, be liable to some objections. It does not appear to us that the mode by which it is intended to make re-payments equal to the amount of the exemptions which are to be taken away under the new regulations of the property taxes, is very practicable. It is not to be expected that the small annuities, the class of persons to which the principle of exemption generally applies, can in all cases be prepared to produce the wills or various legal instruments under which they derive their incomes. The tax on appraisements also will require much regulation.
The Hamburg mail, and French and Dutch papers to the 21st and 26th instant, have arrived. The French are not yet complete masters of the kingdom of Naples. The fortress of Gaeta holds out, and the prince royal, at the head of about 20,000 regulars, and a levy en masse, to the amount of 70,000 more, has taken various strong positions in Calabria. It is also stated, from Rome, that the Russians and English who lately retreated from Naples have re-landed in that province. Switzerland, as well as Holland, is to receive a new form of government. There can be but little doubt but that they are both destined to be incorporated with the "Grand Empire!" The independence of these countries was one of the principal objects of the war, and Bonaparte can give no stronger proof that he has triumphed over the coallesced powers than the extinction of those states they professed to protect.
March 31.
French and Dutch papers, the former to the 23d, the latter to the 27th inst. reached us on Saturday; but few facts of any interest are to be collected from them. It is only in the extremity of Italy that we are at present to look for any military events; and the intelligence from that quarter is both scanty and contradictory. The official paper is silent to the progress of the French arms in Calabria, from which it may be concluded that the reduction of the kingdom of Naples is not yet completely effected. Under the head of intelligence from Naples, the surrender of Pescara, and the evacuation of both the Calabrias, are mentioned; but the subsequent part of the article contradicts this information, and affirms, that something "still remains to be done to complete the conquest of the kingdom." It does not seem that the blessing of a French government has been received by the Neapolitans with the gratitude that it should have been; for prince Joseph, "notwithstanding his natural clemency," has been obliged to banish and incarcerate some of the principal inhabitants of the capital. We shall be much disappointed if the Prince Royal, at the head of his twenty thousand regulars, and the Calabrian levy en masse, do not oppose a resistance to the invaders, that will, successful or not (the former we fear it cannot be) throw the efforts of the other powers of Europe, Russia excepted, far behind.
Messenger, Patterson & Co. v. Robinson & Son.—The plaintiffs had a verdict at last assizes; but a new trial was afterwards moved for and granted. It was to recover the sum of 659l. for Goods sold to Hawkins & Co. of New York, in consequence of a false character given of them by the defendants. The trial lasted nearly the whole of Thursday week; and the jury, after retiring for a considerable time, brought in a verdict for the defendants.
April 5.
On Thursday Mr. Windham submitted to the house of commons his plan for the improvement of our military system. The principal object of this plan is, the permanent increase of the regular army; and the means by which it is proposed to attain this object are as follows: The Soldier instead of engaging for life, as at present, is only to enlist for seven years; at the end of that period, if he be disposed to enter again for a similar term, he is to have a small increase of pay; and also a further increase of pay, if he should choose to enter for a third term of 7 years. At the conclusion of the 22 years service, he is then to be entitled to all the full allowances of Chelsea, and the advantages of that

retreat are to be augmented. In the cavalry and artillery, instead of dividing the whole term of service into three equal portions of seven years, it is to be divided into periods of ten, six, and five years. In the militia, no alteration whatsoever is to take place at present with respect to the number, but in future they are to be recruited, not by the present system of ballot, but by a small bounty; and the militia of Ireland are to be encouraged as much as possible to enter into the line. With respect to the volunteers, they are not after the present year, to enjoy their present advantage; they are only to be exempted from the general training of the male population of the country, which forms an essential part of the new system. With respect to the levy en masse , the male population is to be divided into three classes, the first including all from the age of 16 to 24, the second from 24 to 32, and the 3d from 32 to 40. Of these three classes, 200,000 are to be trained for 26 days every year, and are to receive one shilling a day every day they are out. The regulations of the volunteer system are not to extend to Ireland. This is the general outline of the plan, which Mr. Windham opened with his usual ability. He concluded a speech, the delivery of which occupied nearly four hours, with moving for leave to bring in a bill to repeal the act of 1803, commonly called "the Levy en Masse Act." Mr. Fox, we are happy to state, was well enough to attend the house, and was well enough to take a share in the debate.
BY THIS DAY'S MAIL.
LONDON, March 20.
France—Prussia—United States.
The silence of Napoleon in his speech, and the silence of the expose, on the head of Prussia, is supposed to give some degree of countenance to the opinion that France and Prussia are not on friendly terms; but as the ratification by Prussia of Haugwitz's convention had not then reached Paris, it is accounted for, Bonaparte knows that he had Prussia reduced to that alternative in which she durst not chase. She was invested on every side. It is worthy of remark that the United States of America are not mentioned in the French expose, probably for a similar reason with Prussia, on account of the existing discussions between Spain and the United States, in which France might be involved in case of hostilities between those powers; not to mention the complaints and the indignation of Bonaparte on a count of the trade carried on by America with St. Domingo.
April 3.
The French it is said, meditate a descent upon Sicily. The Strait that separates Sicily from Naples is not much wider than the strait between Bologna and Dover? yet we doubt whether they will show less reluctance in attempting to cross the one than they have shown in venturing to cross the other.
HOUSE OF LORDS.
American indemnity bill. —Lord Auckland rose, pursuant to the notice he had given, to bring in a bill of indemnity to all such persons as had advised or carried into execution; proclamations for suspending the laws which regulated the intercourse between the West India colonies and the United States of America. He stated with great perspicuity the nature of that trade from the year 1783 to the present period, and the necessity which produced the occasional relaxation of the navigation laws, as applicable to the intercourse between America & the West Indies. During the greater part of that time, it frequently occurred, that the different governors in the colonies were compelled to admit certain articles, the produce of the United States, in American bottoms. This was certainly against the existing laws, and therefore it became necessary to pass an annual bill, to protect those persons from the penalties attached to the breach of these laws. For fifteen years previous to 1801 this indemnity bill was continued, but in the confusion produced at that time by a change in his majesty's councils, the bill had been neglected, and had not been since revived. In fact there had been four sets of ministers, including the present, who had neglected to apply to parliament for that annual bill. His lordship then explained the commercial relation between this country and America, and expressed his satisfaction in the growing prosperity of America, which he looked upon as the best security for the continuance of that peace and friendship which he hoped would ever subsist between her and Great Britain. His lordship brought in the bill.
Lord Holland declared himself strongly in favor of a liberal intercourse between the West India Islands and America, and declared his intention of proposing a prospective clause to be introduced into the bill, the tenor of which should be to enable the governors to open the ports to American vessels, by proclamation.
Lord Grenville professed himself in favor of the principle of occasional relaxation from the strictness of the navigation act, and hoped the noble lord would bring in a clause to the effect he proposed.
The duke of Montrose hoped that no direction of the principle respecting neutrals would take place, and that ministers would not concede any of the belligerent rights, which were among the best foundation of the prosperity of our commerce.
The bill was then read and ordered to be printed.
VIENNA, March 19.
In the course of the last week, the court of France made two demands of the house of Austria; the first, its pure and simple adhesion to the new treaty of partition between France and Prussia; the second, a permanent and perpetual passage for the French troops through the Austrian territory into Venetian Istria and Dalmatia. There is in upper Carinthia a frontier town named Ponteba, divided into two unequal parts by the river Tella, the smaller part of the town is Austrian, and the other Venetian; a bridge separates the two territories and it is over this bridge that the French
demand a passage in order to gain the great road which leads from it into Italy. It is not only on the Polish frontier that Russia, is assembling a formidable army; she is also making preparations in Moldavia and Wallachia to resist the storm with which the Turkish provinces are menaced. The king of Bavaria has been obliged to send troops to the Tyrol, to prevent an insurrection; and at Trieste the inhabitants have ventured to come to blows with the French garrison.
HAMBURG, March 29.
General Rapp, who came from Paris to Hameln, with orders for the evacuation of that town and fort St. George, and its surrender to the Prussians, left this city on his return to Paris, on the 26th inst. His visit here has not been a very agreeable one. He demanded a loan of six millions of iters promising at the same time that France would take care to protect the liberties of Hamburg, and defend them and her citizens from any foreign aggression. This new exaction has met with a refusal on the part of the senate, and one of its members, Senator Schulte, is ordered to set out for Paris, to make the necessary representations.
Alexandria Daily Advertiser.
WEDNESDAY, MAY 21.
Captain Bayne, of the Hunter, from Lisbon, informs, that in lat. 27, long. 33. 30, on the 13th April, fell in with a British fleet, of 7 sail of the line and 2 frigates, under the command of admiral sir J. B. Warren, who had in tow the French ship Marengo, of 84 guns, commanded by admiral Linois, and the Belle Pool, of 36 guns, from India, prizes to the above mentioned fleet.
Extract of a letter from London, dated 28th March.
"The news from Holland this day, induce belief that it is determined upon, to place Louis Bonaparte at the head of the government of that country, under the title of King, and so general was the belief, that the first act of the new government would be to wipe off the public debt, in other words a national bankruptcy, that the public funds were without price, and perfectly unsaleable, that this must happen has been evident for some time, and the sooner probably the better; the immediate sufferers are much to be pitied, but it would be a public good, for the debt of that country exceeds what it can bear.—Let what will happen, we do not think it will effect trade in the least, as people have been gradually preparing for years such an event."
"The omnium on the loan which was contracted this day, was done at 4 per cent. per annum."
Charles Minor, Editor of a pithy little paper, in Wilkes-barre, [Luzerne] makes the following witty and humorous, and, at the same time, serious, appeal to his delinquent customers.
I HAVE been sadly troubled with an ugly old Witch about my house for five years past.—Like the frogs of Egypt, she has found her way into my bread trough. Like the Moth she has eaten large holes in my breeches.—And by her devilish machinations my shoes are worse worn by half, than the shoes of the Gibeonites—She has broken my windows, torn down my fences, (or prevented my building them)—worn out my types, and brought about my ears an unfortunate set of men, who "would be very glad if I would pay them a little money,"—And however just the debts may be, the old hag wont let me pay a cent of them. I have been endeavoring to get the hussy out of doors for a long time, but in vain.—But now, thank for tune, I have found out a perfect method of exorcising her ladyship out of my precincts—that is, by filling an old stocking I have with dollars, and my granary with wheat.
As the next number of my paper completes the second year since I undertook the sole management of it; and as there will then be due the establishment more than 3000 Dollars, my friends, I am persuaded will advance me what is due, to assist me to rid myself of this vile old hag. Her name my reader is Poverty ,—and those who have been in habits of intimacy with her can bear witness that my description is not unjust.
THE PRINTER.
Port of Alexandria.
ARRIVED, Brig Nancy, Hall, 10 days from Boston: Sundries: Lawrason & Fowle. Sch'r Jane, Merrit, 9 days from Boston: Plaister: J. G. Ladd. Schooner Dove, Thomas, 16 days from Portland: Paister: Lawrason & Fowle. Sloop Lydia, Potter, Providence: Sundries: Master. Ship Hunter, Bayne, 56 days from Lisbon: Salt, wine and fruit: R. T. Hooe & Co. A List of American vessels left at Lisbon March 21, 1806: Ship Ann, Bradford, of and for Alexandria, to sail 25th March.
Swift, Price, of and for New York, performing quarantine. President, Toby, of New Bedford for New York, to sail first fair wind. Eolus, Tredwell, of Portsmouth, N. H. Brig Flora, Bentham, of Portsmouth, Va. for Norfolk, to sail April 3d. Calliste, Iyer, of Boston, uncertain where bound or when to sail. Minerva, Matthews, of Bath, N. B. for Amsterdam, April 20th. Three Thomases, Foster, of Kingston, Mass. for Cherbourg. Jupiter, Baxter, of and for Baltimore. Fortitude, Boyd, of New York, uncertain. Barque Pompey, Allen, of and for Salem, April 10th. Schooner Venus, Goodwin, of Norfolk, April 10th. Hannah, Downe, of Boston, for Petersburg, April 6th. Sloop Stork, Davis, of Boston, performing quarantine.
300 bbls. wanted on freight to Norfolk, and 400 ditto on freight to New York.—Terms will be very moderate. Apply to A. LINDO, Broker. April 21.
FOR SALE The Schooner  HENRIETTA, Burthen about 500 barrels; she is a fine staunch vessel, almost new and ready for sea. For terms, apply to Cuthbert Powell. May 21. dlv & oawt
For Charter or Freight, The Ship  ENTERPRIZE, Captain Colcord, Lately expected. A charter or freight will be preferred to Liverpool, and advances will be made, on consignments to Messrs. Logan, Lenox & Co. there. WM. HODGESON. May 21. d
Wine, Fruits, &c. ON SATURDAY, The 24th instat, at 11 o'clock, A. M. will be Sold, at Public Auction, from on board the ship Hunter, at Hooe's wharf, The CARGO of that Ship, just arrived from Lisbon; CONSISTING OF 4,500 bulhels Salt, a few quarter-casks Lisbon and Bucellos Wine, 30 boxes Lemons, 15 boxes Oranges, 30 sacks of Nuts, 20 bales of Almonds, 50 frails of Figs, 200 baskets of different sizes, 15 boxes Sweetmeats, and a variety of Summer Carpeting. Approved negotiable notes, payable at sixty and 90 days, will be required in payment. P. G. Marteller. May 21. dlf
Dissolution of Copartnership. THE Subscribers have this day dissolved by mutual consent their Copartnership in business, hitherto transacted in Middlebury, in the name of ABNER GIBSON—any debts due to or from the concern may be settled with either of the parties. CUTHBERT POWELL, ABNER GIBSON. May 15—[21] est
Plaister Paris & Lime—afloat. 100 tons Plaister Paris, 70 casks Lime, On board Brig Nancy, Captain Hall, AND FOR SALE BY Lawrason & Fowle, Who have also received by said Brig. Schooner Dove, and Packet, from Baltimore, 30 boxes Cod Fish 70 do. Mould and Dipt Candles 120 do. Half Boxes Brown Soap 1 Bale Beerboon Gurrahs Imperial, } TEAS, Young Hyson } of the latest importations. 20 barrels N. E. Rum 75 casks Bellona Gunpowder 10 cases Fig Blue In Store; Prime Beck and Pork Ruffia and Ravens Duck Young Hyson and Hyson Skin Teas Muscovado Sugar Casks Claret and Madeira Wine 200 Boxes Mould and Dipt Candles 50 do. Chocolate, &c. &c.
For Freight, The Brig NANCY, R. B. Hall, Master; Burthen about 1200 barrels. She is in good order and will be ready to receive a cargo in three days. Apply as above. May 21. d.
Cottom & Stewart Have received a large supply of PAPER HANGINGS, Of various figures and of the newest fashions.

BROKER'S OFFICE,
And Commission Store.
A. LINDO,
Takes the liberty of informing the public, that
HE HAS OPENED A
Broker's Office and Commission Store,
At the corner of Union and King streets,
Where he will be happy to render
his services in those branches of business. Every
species of public stock, merchandise, lands, houses,
lots, and vessels will be BOUGHT and SOLD on com-
mission. Reasonable advances will be made on consign-
ments; and acceptances will be given when such consign-
ments are accompanied with orders to sell to meet the
payments. All kinds of produce and merchandise re-
ceived on storage at the customary terms.
As a stranger in Alexandria he is induced to intrude on
the public the following testimonial from Winchester,
where he acted in the double capacity of auctioneer and
commission merchant:
Winchester, March 4, 1806.
We do hereby certify, That Mr. A. Lindo, auction-
eer and commission merchant in this borough, has con-
ducted himself in such a manner as to have gained the
confidence of the public in an eminent degree; and his
fidelity, honor, secrecy and diligence in his business, just-
ly entitle him to this our mark of approbation.
H. Holmes, John & Abm. Miller.
Daniel Gold, John Bell.
Charles Brent, jun. Wm. Davison.
Richard Holliday. Geo. Reed.
Jos. Gamble. Alfs. H. Powell.
H. W. & I. Baker.
He has, at present, for Sale,
A first rate (gentleman's) Servant,
young, likely, active and healthy, and may be
had on trial. To save trouble, his price is 400
dollars, cash, or approved endorsed notes, nego-
tiabie in bank, at 60 days, with interest added.
Wanted to Hire,
A Boy or Girl, about 12 years old.
April 28.
Now Landing,
From Schooner Fame from New York and for
sale by
LAWRASON & FOWLE,
30 Barrels prime Pork,
20 do. do. Beef,
Also, from Schooner Maria, from Boston,
5 bales Berboon Gurrabs,
500 pieces yellow Nankeens,
In Store,
Imperial,
Young Hyson } TEAS.
Hyson Skin }
Russia and Ravens Duck,
Calf and box fresh Raisins,
Gound Ginger,
Muscovado Sugar in barrels,
Double refined loaf do.
200 boxes mould and dipt Candles, of a su-
perior quality, for the West India market,
30 boxes Chocolate,
50 barrels New England Rum,
8 pipes and half pipes Tenerife Wine,
10 rolls mill'd Lead,
500 pair mens' coarse and fine Shoes.
W A N T E D,
A Bill on New-York for about 500
Dollars. Apply as above.
April 9.
Dissolution of Copartnership.
THE Copartnership hitherto subsisting under
the firm of Joseph Riddle & Co. of Alexandria,
was dissolved the first instant, by mutual con-
sent: All persons that are indebted to, or that
have claims on the same, are requested to come
forward and settle, as it is desirable to close the
concern as soon as possible. Those whose ac-
counts are of long standing are particularly re-
quested to attend to this notice, and make
payments to either of the subscribers.
JOSEPH RIDDLE,
Of Alexandria.
JAMES DALL,
Of Baltimore.
September 18.
JOSEPH RIDDLE
Has Received by the Ceres and other ships lately
arrived at Baltimore, a considerable part
of his
FALL GOODS;
Which are now opening at his store in Fairfax
street, and daily expects an additional supply in
the United States from Liverpool.
September 28.
Twenty Dollars Reward,
WILL be given for apprehending and secur-
ing in jail, a young mulatto man slave,
named ANDREW. He was hired by me last
year to Mr. Joseph Thomas, who keeps the mid-
dle ferry opposite to Alexandria, and absconded
from that place about the latter end of August
last. He is about 23 years of age, 5 feet 8 or 9
inches high, lusty and well made, has short cur-
led hair, and is frequently subject to have feve-
ral large pimples in his face. He is reckoned to
be a sensible fellow, of an easy agreeable address
for a man in his low sphere of life. As he has
not been heard of by me since his elopement, I
suspect he has had the address to ship himself as
a freeman on board some vessel either at Alexan-
dria or Baltimore. Whoever takes him up and
secures him in any jail, shall receive from me
the above reward, as soon as due information
thereof is given to me or to Doctor N. P. Cau-
fin, at Port Tobacco.
G. B. Caufin.
Maryland, Charles County, }
January 17. [Feb. 2.] 22w
VALUABLE FAMILY MEDICINES.
Just received direct from the Patentees, and FOR SALE BY JAMES KENNEDY, JUN. DRUGGIST;
The following Valuable Medicines:
Dr. Rawson's Anti-Bilious and Stomachal Bitters.
PREPARED BY THOMAS H. RAWSON, Member of the Connecticut Medical Society.
THESE Bitters have undoubtedly had the most rapid sale of any Patent Medicine ever before discovered, and are justly appreciated for their singular and uncommon virtues for restoring weak and decayed constitutions, and all that train of complicated complaints so common in the spring and fall seasons, such as intermittent Fevers and Agues, long Autumnal Fevers, Dysenteries, &c. They are also a very pleasant bitter for common use, and where they are known they have taken the place and superceded the use of all other bitters in public houses as well as in private families.—Price 50 cents a box.
Dr. Lee's (Windham) Bilious Pills.
THE great sale and increasing demand for these valuable pills for these twelve years past, bespeak their intrinsic worth. They have proved singularly efficacious in Bilious and Yellow fevers, Jaundice, Head Aches, Dysenteries, Bilious Colic, Catarrhals, Female complaints, &c.
The very great demand and high esteem in which these pills are held throughout the United States and the West Indies, has induced many to counterfeit them; the purchaser is requested to observe that the name of Samuel Lee, jun. (the patentee) is affixed to each bill of directions, in his own hand writing, or they will not be genuine. Price 50 cents a box.
Dr. Rawson's Itch Ointment.
A certain and safe application for that disagreeable complaint called the ITCH. Price 42 cents a box.
Dr. Rawson's Anti Bilious Pills, or, Family Physic.
The extraordinary celebrity these pills have gained, the universal demand for them and esteem of which they are held by medical men of the first eminence, are sufficient testimonials of their intrinsic worth. In great colics and sudden attacks of disorders, an early use of these pills often produces the happiest effects, and taken once in eight or ten days in cases of indigestion, headache, dizziness, pains in the stomach and bowels, dysenteries, diarrheas, dropsies, &c. and a liberal use of my anti bilious bitters in the intermediate time has relieved patients almost to a miracle—price 25 cents a box.
Thompson's Aromatic Tooth Paste,
For the scurvy in the teeth and gums, and for whitening and preserving the teeth. It likewise takes off all disagreeable smells from the breath, which generally arises from scorbutic gums and bad teeth. This paste is much in use, and highly esteemed by all those who value the preservation of their teeth, it may be applied at all times with the greatest safety. It is neatly put up in pewter boxes with paper directions. Price 50 cents a box.
Dr. Rawson's Worm Powders.
A medicine which for efficacy and safety in its operation stands unrivalled. The most authenticated proofs and respectable authorities of its astonishing virtues, and surprising effects, in extreme and alarming cases of worms, may be seen at the place of sale. Price 50 cents a packet.
Dr. Cooley's Vegetable Elixir; Or Cough Drops,
For Coughs, Colds, Asthmas, spitting of blood, and all diseases of the lungs. Its merits stands unrivalled. Price 50 cents a bottle.
Dr. Cooley's Rheumatic Pills,
Price 50 cents a box.
Hinkley's Infallible remedy for the Piles.
Price 50 Cents a Box.
Very particular directions accompanying each of these valuable medicines.
He has likewise for Sale,
A general assortment of Dungs, Patent medicines, Shop furniture and Vials; a few hand-some Hall Lamps; Indian Shades; proof vials, Essence of Spruce; Patent Blacking; Madeira and Sherry wine; Black bottles in hogsheads; Paints ground in oil; and a few barrels Flaxseed Oil, which he will sell on reasonable terms or cash, or to punctual customers on a short credit.
A generous allowance will be made to those who purchase the above Medicines by the dozen.
March 27.
Fifteen Dollars Reward, Will be given for apprehending and securing in jail, a Mulatto Girl , who calls herself Matilda Brown,
AGED about 15 years, and perhaps about 4 feet 6 inches high, with long bushy hair. Had on a frock made of country cloth, with a large black and white stripe. She ran away on the 4th of March, and is now probably in Alexandria or the City of Washington.
David Peter. George Town, May 7 [M 9] caw 6
Just Published, For Sale at ROBERT GRAY's Book Store, BROOKES's General Gazetteer Improved; Or a New and Compendious
GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY; CONTAINING
A description of the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, cities, towns, forts, seas, harbors, rivers, lakes, mountains, capes, &c. in the known world—with the government, inhabitants, manners, and religion of the inhabitants; the extent, boundaries, and natural productions of each country; the trade, manufactures, and population of the cities and towns, their longitude, latitude, bearings and distances in English miles, from remarkable places; and the various events by which they have been distinguished—including a detail of the countries, cities, boroughs, market towns, and principal villages, in Great Britain and Ireland—together with a succinct account of at least, seven hundred cities, towns and villages in the United States, more than has appeared in any preceding edition of the work; in which the number of lakes and deficiencies of European Gazetteers, &c. & this country, are corrected & supplied—Illustrated by eight maps, neatly executed.—Price 3 dollars 50 cents.
A L S O, Scott's Geographical Dictionary of the United States. Price 2 dollars 50 cents. Pinkerton's Modern Geography, 2 vols. octavo, and a quarto Atlas. Price 15 dollars. Guthery's Geography improved, 2 vols. 4to, and a folio Atlas. Price 15 dollars. Davis's Modern Geography for Schools. Price 1 dollar 50 cents. Pinkerton's Geography abridged, for do. Price 1 dollar. Walker's Elements of Geography and Natural and Civil History, with Maps and Plates, London edition. Price 4 dollars. April 24.
Now printing in Philadelphia,
AT THE LORENZO PRESS, Under the inspection of the Author, in a fine Octavo Volume, with Plates, executed by the best Artists in America, a new and splendid Edition, much enlarged, of a Poem, entitled
Modern Philosophy;
OR
Terrible Tractation !!!
A POETICAL PETITION against GALVANIZING
TRUMPET, and the PERKINISTIC INSTI-
TUTION:
Addressed to the Royal College of Physicians, London. By CHRISTOPHER CAWSTICK, M.D. A.S.S. Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, Aberdeen, and honorary Member of no less than nineteen very learned Societies.
The object of this Poem is to promote the best interests of Society, by arraying the powers of legitimate satire against the philosophers, quack politicians, and other sciolists of the day, and to give more extensive publicity to such inventions, improvements, and other exertions of the human mind as deserve to be patronised by the community.
The author proposes to enlarge the work, by the addition of such matter as he presumes will be found most immediately interesting to the American public, and hopes his efforts to improve the plan and execution of the Poem, will be thought in some measure worthy of the favorable reception with which it has already been honored in Europe and in America.
The above work will be published by the subscriber in about two months—Price, bound in boards, two dollars.
ROBERT GRAY.
March 29. 24w 22m
NOTICE.
To those who are indebted to the subscriber on account of the concern of Powell and Denney , as well as Denney and Powell , that all who do not pay off their notes or accounts or give their bonds with security, on or before the first day of May next, their notes and accounts will be put into the hands of an attorney indiscriminately.
Mr. LEVEN POWELL, jun. of Middlebury, is authorised to settle and receive the debts due on account of that concern, should any apply there in preference to the subscriber in this place.
Edmund Denney.
January 30. 12w 22m
A few copies of the American Gardener may be had at the Book-Store of Robert Gray.
SUBSCRIPTIONS Will be received by the Editor of this paper FOR THE Companion & Weekly Miscellany, BY EDWARD EASY, Esq. Published at Baltimore every Saturday, at Three DOLLARS per annum, payable half yearly in advance.
THE editor will be happy to receive communications which lead to the exercise of the mind of those who have had a cultivated education and might tend to the mutual improvement of the writers and the readers. In this country so rapidly advancing in every object of improvement there must be much cause for animadversion; occasions must frequently present for directing the course to be pursued.... To these objects he is very desirous of attracting attention. Biography of the humbler heroes of the revolutionary war, might be also very interesting. Events of the nature, not on public record, would be highly acceptable. Phenomena in natural history, will also be attended to with peculiar pleasure.
** The three first numbers have been received and may be seen at this office.
BREWERY FOR SALE.
THE subscriber will sell all his interest in that extensive BREWERY in Alexandria, which he now occupies; of which there is eleven years of an unexpired lease to come from September next.
This Brewery is on an extensive plan, having two Copper Boilers of 1500 and 500 gallons, and every working utensil complete, with Malt House, Kiln and Mill.
To the capitalist this concern offers every inducement, who is skilled himself, or can procure a person skilled in brewing; as the business may be extended so as to become extremely valuable.
Proposals will be received to the first of July. Every necessary information may be had, and letters post paid attended to, by applying to Thomas Crule. dew & zawi May 5.
PUBLIC SALE.
BY virtue of a deed of trust from Thomas Elzey to the subscriber, for the purpose of securing a debt due from said Elzey to Daniel McCarty Chickester, will be exposed to public sale, on that part of the premises now in the tenure of Mr. John Barnes, on SATURDAY, the 31st day of May next, at 12 o'clock,
Two Tracts of Land adjoining each other;
Containing about 500 acres, situate in the county of Fairfax, on the north fork of P. Hick Run, about 3 miles from Fairfax court house.
Doddridge Pitt Chichester. April 29. 12w 4t
JAMES BACON,
A bis GROCERY STORE, on King Street, has, in addition to his former stock, added
A fresh Supply of Genuine Articles to the Grocery Line;
Which makes his assortment complete.
He now offers for sale, on his usual low terms,
Muscovado Sugars, of various qualities,
Loaf and Lump ditto, Gunpowder, Imperial, Hyson, Young Hyson, Hyson Skin, and Souchong } TEAS, particularly selected for family use.
Best Green Coffee,
Chocolate, of a superior quality.
Madeira, Butellos, Sherry, Lisbon, Tenerife, Malaga, and Genuine Old Port } WINE.
Cognac and Bourdeaux Brandy,
Old Jamaica Spirit, for family use,
Antigua, St. Croix, St. Vincents, and New
England Rum,
Holland Gin,
Irish and country Whiskey,
Molasses, Wine, and Cider Vinegar,
Stoughton's Bitters,
Mace, Nutmegs, Cloves, Cassia, Pimento,
Cayenne and Black Pepper, Race and Green
Ginger, Basket Salt for table use, Pearl Barly,
Rice, Starch, Fig-blue, Soap, Menil, Dips,
Spermaceti Candles, Refined Salt, Petre, Flax,
Indigo, Alum, Copperas, Madder, Brimstone,
Spinning Cotton, Patent Shot, all sizes,
English and country-made Gunpowder, Super and Smoking Tobacco, very best Chewing Tobacco.
Hamilton and Leiper's Snuff, Hunter's Snuff in boxes.
London Mustard, warranted of a superior quality,
Dixon's best ditto, Wrapping Paper, mjohn's, &c. &c. with generally every thing in his line—the whole of which have been stored with care and