Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1807-02-17 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS
[XIVth YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
[No. 1339.]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum—paid in Advance.]
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1807.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
RICHMOND PRICE CURRENT.
   CORRECTED WEEKLY.     TOBACCO, $ 6 00 CASH.   WHEAT, 1 17 do.   FLOUR, superfine, 6 50 do.   FLOUR, fine, 6 00 do.   CORN, 5 00 do.   HEMP, clean, (per ton) 186 67 do.   IRON, 120 00 do.   BACON, none. 00 do.   PORK, 6 50 do.   WHISKEY, 54 do.  
Virginia:
At a Court held for Halifax county, the 22nd day of December, 1806.
Granville Craddock, plaintiff. against Daniel Wilson, Obadiah Smith and Henry Ligon, defendants.
THE defendant Daniel Wilson, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state: On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is Ordered , that the said defendant Daniel Wilson, do appear here on the fourth Monday in March next and answer the plaintiff's bill; and that the defendants Obadiah Smith and Henry Ligon do not pay away, secrete or otherwise dispose of any monies, goods or effects which they may have in their hands belonging to the defendant Daniel Wilson, until the further order of this court; that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the newspapers published in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county.
A copy, Teste, JOHN BARKSDALE, D. C. H. C.
Virginia:
At a Court held for Halifax county, the 22nd day of December, 1806.
George Calhoun, plaintiff. against Daniel Wilson, Obadiah Smith and Henry Ligon, defendants.
THE defendant Daniel Wilson, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this state: On the motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is Ordered , that the said defendant Daniel Wilson, do appear here on the fourth Monday in March next, and answer the plaintiff's bill; and that the defendants Obadiah Smith and Henry Ligon, do not pay away, secrete, or otherwise dispose of any monies, goods or effects which they may have in their hands belonging to the defendant Daniel Wilson, until the further order of this court; that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the newspapers published in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county.
A copy, Teste, JOHN BARKSDALE, D. C. H. C.
Andrew Hetheron, TAYLOR,
FROM EDINBURGH, RESPECTFULLY informs the Gentlemen of Richmond and Manchester, that he has opened his SHOP in the street leading to the Governor's, in the house opposite Mr. Crouch's Tavern—and hopes from the experience which he has had in the most fashionable towns in Great Britain, that his ability in the business, is such as will give satisfaction to those who may favor him with their employment. Richmond, Jan. 12, 1807. Gtw||
Notice.
ALL persons having any just claims against the estate of Smith Blakey, dec. of Henrico county, and against the estate of Thomas Blakey, dec. of Hanover county, are requested to make them known; and those who are indebted to the said estates are requested to make payment, as no further indulgence will be given.
GEO. BLAKEY, Adm'r. of Smith Blakey & Thos. Blakey. 14th Jan. 1807. wt4
THE CELEBRATED IMPORTED HORSE, Archduke, By Sir Peter Teazle, imported by the late Col. John Hoomes—Will stand the next season (to commence the 1st of March) at my house in Chesterfield, three miles from Peveill's Bridge. Particulars to be made known hereafter. THOMAS BRANCH. Feb. 8th, 1807. 3w
THE subscriber having obtained probat of the Testament and last Will of his deceased father, John Williamson, (late of Henrico county) requests all those indebted to the estate, to make immediate payment; and those who have claims against said estate, to bring them forward, duly authenticated, for examination and settlement.—It is hoped that prompt attention will be paid to this notification, as the subscriber is anxious to close his administration upon the estate.
JOHN P. WILLIAMSON, Ex'r. of John Williamson, dec. Brooke, Hen. Feb. 7, 1807. 8t
Ten Dollars Reward.
DESERTED on the 13th day of October last—he having received a furlough for five days, to go to Petersburg, GEO. W. BACKUS, a Soldier of the Public Guard, aged about 21 years, dark hair and eyes, fair complexion, his face very hock marked—a native of Connecticut—he is about five feet ten inches high. He took with him the uniform of the guard, and a number of other clothing not known. He is a printer by trade, and 'tis unknown where he will go.
ALSO, JOHN JAXTON, who left this on the 10th inst. he has black hair and eyes, dark complexion, and is about five feet five inches high—about thirty years of age—very slender made. He has taken with him the uniform of the guard—and where he may go is uncertain, he being a native of Europe. Any person taking up said deserters, and bringing them to this place, and delivering them to me, or either of the officers of the said Guard, or for either of them, shall receive the above reward. ALEX. QUARRIER, C. P. C. Richmond, Feb. 12, 1807.
THE SUBSCRIBER WISHES TO TAKE TWO APPRENTICES
To the BRICKLAYER'S TRADE, about the age of fourteen or fifteen, who can come well recommended. Also, one Black BOY of the same age. Apply to JOHN TINSLEY. February 6th, 1807. tf
In Chesterfield County Court, January the 12th, 1807.
UPON hearing the evidence produced in support of the petition of the heirs of John Bryers, deceased, the court doth order and direct, that William Trabue, Charles Clarke and Haley Cole, or any two or more of them, do sell, at Public Auction, for ready money,
The tract of Land,
Lying in the county of Chesterfield, of which John Bryers died possessed, taking to their assistance the county surveyor, in order to ascertain the quantity thereof; and that the said commissioners divide the proceeds thereof into five equal parts, and allot one part thereof to Polly Bryers, one part to Lucy Bryers, one part to Susanna Bryers, one part to Frankey Bryers, and one part to Kitty Bryers; and that the said commissioners do convey the said land to the purchaser thereof by a good and sufficient deed in fee simple, upon the payment of the purchase money. Copy, Teste, TH: WATKINS, C.
The sale of the above land will take place on the 4th day of March next, upon the premises, upon the terms mentioned in the above order. William Trabue, Haley Cole, Charles Clarke, Com'rs. tds
WANTED,
A DISCREET industrious Woman, as a house-keeper—one who can come recommended for her integrity, will meet with liberal wages by applying at the Bell Tavern. February 12th 1807. tf.
EDWARD LIVINGSTON'S ADDRESS TO THE PUBLIC.
New-Orleans, Dec. 30. I MAKE no apology for laying the following statement before the public. It is not an affair of mere private interest, but of serious public concern, to which I claim the attention of my fellow citizens.
Having unfortunately been a sufferer in the extraordinary scenes now exhibited in this territory, the justification of my own character, forces me to detail a series of events, too public to be doubted; but so new in the history of our country, that they will not obtain easy belief at a distance, and can scarcely be realised by those who daily behold them.
A dictatorial power assumed by the commander of an American army—the military arrest of citizens charged with a civil offence—the violation of the sanctuary of justice, by first entering it with a complaint, and then dragging the accused from its bar. An attempt to overawe by denunciation, those who dared professionally to assert the authority of the laws—the recorded unblushing avowal of the employment of military force to punish a civil offence—the hardy menace of persevering in the same course—and the asserted but incredible co-operation of the supreme executive of the country, in these proceedings; are circumstances that must command attention, and excite the corresponding sentiments of grief, indignation and contempt.
My primary object, however, is my own exoneration from a charge solemnly made against me in the hearing of hundreds, at the bar, where my character is my only support, and by a man whose situation ought to give weight to his assertions. In the performance of this necessary but humiliating task, I shall be obliged to speak of myself and of my affairs, with a particularity that will be tedious, and would be improper if it were not necessary for my defence.
About three years previous to the present period, I left the city of New-York, where I abandoned every thing that could bind me to a country, the friends of my era-
ly youth—the companions of my riper years—a numerous and affectionate family—children from whom I had never been separated, and whom the tenderest and most melancholy recollections had rendered doubly dear to my heart—I left there every thing but fortune. Circumstances unnecessary to repeat, had involved me considerably in debt, and an unsettled account with the United States, to whom I was probably indebted between thirty and forty thousand dollars, rendered it more necessary that I should make some sacrifice to do justice to my creditors; rather than exonerate myself by the means which the law provided for persons in my situation, I resigned an honorable and the most lucrative office in the state; and I embarked for this place in December 1803—I arrived in February following, having made an assignment of a large landed property for the benefit of my creditors, and brought with me only a sum of about one hundred dollars, and a letter of credit for one thousand more, furnished by my brother to whom I am still indebted for the amount; these means were nearly exhausted before the opening of the courts. As soon as I could commence the duties of my profession, I undertook them with industry and zeal, and I soon found that by perseverance, I should in a few years be enabled to attain the objects nearer my heart; the payment of my debts, and the return of my family and friends. The profits of my profession were invested in lands, because their certain increase of value, promised a speedier accomplishment of my wishes. About two months since, that happy period seemed to approach; I had exonerated a very valuable and extensive tract of land, from all encumbrances, and had pointed it out, to the officers of the treasury as the mean of liquidating my balance with the public, I had sold a plantation to Mr. Davis, which after paying an encumbrance on that and other tracts, left me his mortgage for the sum of twelve thousand dollars, payable one half in one and the other half in two years, and I was on the point of accepting offers which were made me for the sale of another. These details though tedious are not unnecessary. It will be seen that this fund which I destined for my private creditors, was by its application to that purpose, made the reason or pretext for the injuries I have received.
On the 26th November, General Wilkinson arrived in this city; having been on terms of intimacy with him since my arrival here, I called on him the evening he arrived, he returned my visit and supped with me, and in the course of that evening I informed him that Dr. Bollman had brought me an order for money from Col. Burr, and expressed my surprise as to the manner in which he could have become indebted to Mr. Bollman, whom I understood to have been in falling circumstances in Philadelphia; the general both then, and in several visits which I subsequently made, gave me no reason to suspect that this circumstance had made any impression, but behaved with his usual cordiality to me, which continued until the very night before his denunciation.
On Sunday afternoon, the 14th December, Dr. Bollman was arrested by a military order, two other persons Mr. Ogden and Mr. Swartwout on a like order were arrested and confined on board of a bomb ketch in the river; these circumstances with some others of the same nature caused a very great sensation on Monday, when they were known; but having only a slight acquaintance with Bollman, and none whatever with the other gentleman, I did not think myself obliged, unless professionally called upon, to take any steps for their release.
Mr. James Alexander, however a gentleman who ranks deservedly high as an advocate in this territory, made an affidavit of the arrest, and applied, as I have heard, on Monday to one of the judges of the superior court for the allowance of an habeas corpus; this was refused, and he was directed, as he afterwards told me, to make his motion in open court. On coming there about eleven o'clock on Tuesday morning the 16th day of December, he accosted me, and requested that I would join him in an application to the court for an allowance of the writ, I did not hesitate to do my duty on the occasion, though I had reason to believe from the violent measures which had already taken place, that I might expose myself to danger; I followed Mr. Alexander in a concise statement of the facts, and the writ was allowed. On Wednesday having been assured that Bollman had already been removed from the territory, I did not urge the return of the writ, and at General Wilkinson's request, it was postponed till the day after, when it having been understood that the return was to be made by the general in person, the court was unusually crowded. About twelve o'clock he arrived and the ordinary business being suspended, he arose and made the following return:
"The undersigned, commanding the army of the United States, takes on himself all responsibility for the arrest of ERICK BOLLMAN, on a charge of misprision of treason against the government and laws of the U. S. and has adopted measures for his safe delivery to the executive of the U. S.—It was after several consultations with the governor and two of the judges of this territory, that the undersigned has hazarded this step for the national safety, menaced to its base by a lawless band of traitors, associated under Aaron Burr, whose accomplices are extended from New-York to this city. No man holds in higher reverence the civil institutions of his country
than the undersigned, and it is to maintain and perpetuate the Holy Attributes of the constitution, against the uplifted hand of violence, that he has interposed the force of arms in a moment of extreme peril, to seize upon Bollman, as he will upon all others, without regard to standing or station, against whom satisfactory proof may arise, of a participation in the lawless combination. (Signed) "JAMES WILKINSON."
This was introduced and followed by a speech of some length, in the course of which he read the copy of the affidavit he had sent on as the accusation against Bollman, and followed it by remarks tending to alarm the minds of his hearers, with apprehensions of serious and immediate danger from the invasion of the territory by Mr. Burr, and the traitorous designs of his adherents whom he represented to be numerous in the city, and two of whom were he said, COUNSELLORS OF THE COURT. After deliberately casting his eyes round the Bar, and seeming to enjoy the astonishment, perhaps the fears of a set of men who found themselves exposed to this inquisition, he asked whether Mr. Alexander was in court and being answered that he was not, he requested that he might be sent for and committed to close confinement, as he intended before he left court to prefer against him a charge of high treason; Mr. Alexander not being at that moment to be found, General Wilkinson proceeded to state the circumstances on which he grounded his charge against him, having finished these, he proceeded nearly in the following words "as for Mr. Livingston I have evidence that Dr. Bollman brought a draught upon him for two thousand dollars and upwards, from Col. Burr, which he paid and I hold in my hand an affidavit which confirms his guilt," he then read parts and suppressed other parts of an affidavit which he said was made by Dr. Rodgers: of this document I have been unable to obtain a copy, but the part that was read respecting me was in substance, that Mr. Keene, a gentleman of this city, who has been absent for many months, had told Rodgers some time in February or March last, that there were a number who had agreed to undertake an expedition to Mexico and on being urged to declare who they were, had answered, "there's Livingston," but the affidavit added in substance, that Rodgers thought Keene so little in earnest that the circumstance had never occurred to him until within a few days past. (a) The general in the course
of his address, (for it was a long one) of which I do not pretend to give the detail, justified his measures, from the principle of necessity, said that desperate cases required desperate remedies," that it "was necessary to cut off a limb to preserve the body," to "lop off a rotten branch to save the tree," he finished by requesting that his oath might be taken to the truth of the charges he had exhibited—but at the moment when he raised his hand to pray that God would help him, as he should declare the truth, the court suggested the propriety of reducing his testimony to writing, he then hesitated, and though his council was at his side, though one of the judges requested him to take a seat on their bench and offered to reduce his charges to writing himself, yet he refused this service, and seemed more inclined to accept another, which was as courteously offered, that one of the judges would wait on his excellency at any time that might be convenient to him to take his deposition. Hitherto during this scene so degrading to the administration of justice, so alarming to every friend of personal freedom, so calculated to excite my own indignation and surprise, I had been silent; but alarmed at the turn I saw the business was taking, I now rose and demanded, I even descended to entreat the court that my accuser should not leave the bar without establishing his charge on oath, without leaving the affidavit on which it was founded; that I might be committed if guilty, to the prison which I merited, but that if innocent as I declared myself to be, I might not be obliged to return to my family through the crowd of my fellow citizens who surrounded me, loaded with suspicions of the highest crimes: I represented that public justice as well as a regard for private character required this step. Adverted to my situation as an officer of the court, I stated that my accuser was at the bar, that he had requested my arrest, that he had time to deliberate upon, to prepare, and produce his charges, and until he was required to reduce them to writing had declared himself ready to substantiate them on oath. I know not whether these reasons were good, to me they appeared irresistible, but doubtless they are either weak in themselves or they were feebly urged, for with a grief and astonishment I cannot well describe, I saw the general retire from the bar after receiving the thanks of the presiding judge for the communication, and an apology for the trouble they had given him. I was somewhat consoled by a promise which I understood was made that the charge should be specified in court on the following day, but I thought it a duty to myself, immediately to clear up to the satisfaction of the court and audience, the circumstances on which the charge seemed principally to rest, with this view I had during the course of the accusation sent for some papers from my house, and after having with some difficulty got over the objections which the forms of the court presented to my being heard, I stated that among the debts I had contracted in New-York and which were unpaid when I left it, were two notes both the property of col. Burr, but which, were in the hands of the house of Dunham and Davis and which were sued in their names, but as I believed for his use, that a judgment had been entered against me on these notes in January 1804, after my departure from New-York, that the judgment had been assigned to Aaron Burr, by the house of Dunham and Davis, and that he had sent out the exemplification of the judgment, and the assignment which I produced, more than a year since to Mr. Daniel Clark of this city, for collection, and finally that on Dr. Bollman's arrival in this city he had brought me an order from col. Burr, which I produced in the following words:
"Philadelphia, 20th July, 1806. Dear Sir, "Doctor Bollman will receive whatever you may be disposed to pay him on my account, and will give a discharge on payment of 1500 dollars, a part at least of this sum will be necessary to him. But I should not have troubled you if I could have paid him from other resources. (Signed) "AARON BURR. To Edward Livingston, Esq.,"
same time expressed his surprise that Burr should have been indebted to Bollman. (Signed) "JAMES BROWN. December, 19, 1806."
And that a few days after general Wilkinson's arrival, I openly mentioned to him, if he thought it an evidence of guilt, why did he continue his intimacy with me? If he has other proofs as he once hinted, why are they not brought forward? No efforts of mine have been wanting to provoke enquiry as appears by my conduct in court, and by the following letter delivered to judge Hall, on the day it bears date:
"Sir, "It is now upwards of a week since general Wilkinson charged me at the bar of the Superior court, with a participation in high crimes against the U. S. promising to support them by affidavit; though you may probably have heard this circumstance, yet as you cannot act without authentic information, I take the liberty of stating it that the general may be summoned to lay any charges he may have against me before the proper tribunal, or that his neglect or incapacity to produce them may be another evidence of the unfounded nature of his accusation. I am with great respect, your most obedient servant, (Signed) "EDWARD LIVINGSTON. December 26th, 1806."
(To be concluded in our next.)
(a) On the day this was sent to the press I had a conversation with Dr. Rodgers, in consequence of which the following correspondence passed between us:
"Sir, "In my conversation with you this morning, I think you stated that you had not a very perfect recollection of the names mentioned by Mr. Keene, to you as those of persons engaged in a Mexican expedition and that you may have mentioned some in your affidavit from hearing them frequently spoken of. You also stated, if I recollect right, that you did not think from Mr. Keene's manner, that he was in earnest and that the circumstance made very little impression upon you at the time.
"I also wish you to state whether other names (I do not wish you to particularise them) were not mentioned by Mr. Keene, & are not set forth in your affidavit? Whether any of them have been arrested, and whether one or more are not now in the service of the U. S."
"Your immediate answer to this note will much oblige your most obedient servant (Signed) EDWARD LIVINGSTON. December 26, 1806. To Dr. Rodgers."
"Sir, "In our conversation I mentioned that there was a possibility that I might have introduced names in my affidavit which were not mentioned by Mr. Keene to me, because the persons suspected had been frequently spoken of in my hearing, but believed that I was correct. I likewise mentioned that I had not then placed confidence in Mr. Keene's narrative, supposing that 'Burr' would not have chosen a wild rattling fellow such as he is, to further his schemes. The names of all the persons mentioned by Mr. Keene, were set forth in my affidavit, none of whom have I believe been arrested, one of them is in the service of the United States, but he, with another, were not noticed in my certificate, otherwise than the rest. (Signed) W. RODGERS, Surgeon U. S. Navy To Edward Livingston, Esq."
December 26, 1806. From this it appears among other facts that Mr. Keene mentioned the names of several gentlemen none of whom have been denounced, or arrested, and one of whom is actually an officer now employed under general wilkinson's command. If the others who are not the others denounced? If he did not why is it made the ground of accusation against me? as to the payment of the money to Bollman let it be remembered that no secret was made of the transaction, that I told it to the prosecutor for the U. S. as appears by the following certificate.
"Shortly after my receiving information on the arrival of Dr. Bollman in this territory, Mr. Edward Livingston informed me, that Bollman had presented to him an order for about two thousand dollars, drawn in favor of Bollman by col. Burr, and at the
same time expressed his surprise that Burr should have been indebted to Bollman. (Signed) "JAMES BROWN. December, 19, 1806."
And that a few days after general Wilkinson's arrival, I openly mentioned to him, if he thought it an evidence of guilt, why did he continue his intimacy with me? If he has other proofs as he once hinted, why are they not brought forward? No efforts of mine have been wanting to provoke enquiry as appears by my conduct in court, and by the following letter delivered to judge Hall, on the day it bears date:
"Sir, "It is now upwards of a week since general Wilkinson charged me at the bar of the Superior court, with a participation in high crimes against the U. S. promising to support them by affidavit; though you may probably have heard this circumstance, yet as you cannot act without authentic information, I take the liberty of stating it that the general may be summoned to lay any charges he may have against me before the proper tribunal, or that his neglect or incapacity to produce them may be another evidence of the unfounded nature of his accusation. I am with great respect, your most obedient servant, (Signed) "EDWARD LIVINGSTON. December 26th, 1806."
(To be concluded in our next.)

CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, JAN. 26.
DEBATE.
In the House of Representatives on the bill to suspend the privilege of the writ of Habeas Corpus, for a limited time in certain cases.
[CONCLUDED.]
MR. SMILIE. I shall not detain the House long by the remarks which I propose to make on this subject. I shall wave all observations on the mode of proceeding on this occasion, whether we shall reject the bill on its first, or suffer it to go to a second reading. The question is now put, and I am called upon to give my vote either in the affirmative or negative. I therefore feel under a necessity to put my negative upon it. I consider this one of the most important subjects upon which we have ever been called to act. It is a question which is neither more nor less than whether we shall exercise the only power with which we are clothed, to repeal an important part of the constitution. It is in this case only that we have power to repeal that instrument. A suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is in all respects equivalent to repealing that essential part of the constitution which secures that principle which has been properly called the palladium of personal liberty. If we recur to England, we shall find that the writ of habeas corpus in that country has been frequently suspended. But under what circumstances? We find it was suspended in the year 1715, but what was the situation of the country at that time? It was invaded by the son of James the II.—there was a rebellion within the kingdom and an army was organized. The same happened in the year 1745—on this occasion it was found necessary to suspend it. In latter times, when the government had grown more corrupt, we have seen it suspended for an infinitely less cause.
We have taken from the statute book of this country this most valuable part of our constitution. The convention who framed that instrument, believing that there might be cases, when it would be necessary to vest a discretionary power in the executive, have constituted the legislature the judges of this necessity; and the only question now to be determined is, does this necessity exist? There must either be in the country a rebellion or an invasion before such an act can be passed. I really doubt whether either of these exist. I really doubt whether a single law of the U. S. has been as yet violated. I will not say this is the fact; but I do not know any thing to prove the contrary. But supposing that a rebellion does exist—we are then left at liberty to decide whether it is such an one as to endanger the peace of society, to such a degree that no ordinary remedy will answer. If an ordinary remedy will not, it may be our duty to apply an extraordinary one. What is this mighty business? What is the opinion of the executive as to its danger? Does he consider it dangerous? It is a little remarkable that in every instance under the British government, the proposition of such a measure originated with the executive—while here, without any intimation of danger from the executive, we propose on our own suggestion to suspend one of the most valuable privileges that is secured to the citizen. Let us attend to the communication of the President on this subject. He states that according to his information the persons concerned in the conspiracy depend on receiving two kinds of aid—foreign aid and aid derived from their own country. After giving his opinion of the foreign aid expected, he says—
"On the whole, the fugitives from the Ohio, with their associates from Cumberland, or any other place in that quarter, cannot threaten serious danger to the city of New Orleans."
The President declares that in his opinion there is no danger to be apprehended. With regard to foreign force, he states his reasons for thinking there is no danger. As the message is in the hands of every gentleman, there can be no necessity for me to read it. But he explicitly declares, from the state of our relations with other nations, there can be no danger from that quarter. This being the deliberate opinion of the executive magistrate, who is more deeply responsible on this occasion than any other member of the government, is it not most extraordinary that we should attempt to take steps which can only be justified in the last resort. Are gentlemen aware of the danger of this precedent? This is the first attempt ever made under this government to suspend this law—if we suspend it when the executive tells us there is no danger, on what occasion may it not be suspended? Let us suppose that it shall be suspended on this occasion—what will be its effect? Parties will probably forever continue to exist in this country. Let us suppose a predominant party to conjure up a plot to avenge themselves; do not gentlemen see that the personal liberty of all their enemies would be endangered. I mention this to forewarn gentlemen of the dangerous ground before them. I do not say that our country may not at some future day be in such a situation as to justify such a suspension. But I have never yet seen her in such a situation; & at this moment I think it does not exist. When we see the great body of the people so firmly attached to their government ought we to be thus alarmed on beholding a few desperate and unprincipled men attempting to stir up an insurrection? There is another consideration which will induce me to give my hearty negative to this bill. If foreign nations see that we are obliged under such circumstances, to suspend the writ of habeas corpus, will it not show that the constitution is incapable of supporting itself, without the application of the most dangerous and extraordinary remedies.
MR. DANA. I understand that the question is, whether the bill shall be rejected on its first reading, without passing through the ordinary forms of proceeding. In such cases the ordinary question is, is there any thing in the bill proper for the house to do-
liberate upon? If they are of opinion, that it can be modified in such a way as to ensure its passage, it ought to go to a committee of the whole. This was my opinion when the motion was first made to reject the bill. I was disposed to vote against the question, although the bill went to repeal the constitution. I have been accustomed to view the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, as the most glorious invention of man. I was notwithstanding, however, from a respect to the other branch of the legislature, disposed to investigate the subject, to examine whether there was any necessity for it. As, on the one hand, I was inclined to believe that the judgment of the Senate had, on this occasion, been influenced by a strong abhorrence of rebellion, so I was willing, on the other, to take time to guard myself against an equally strong feeling of abhorrence of dictators. But on one principle I cannot agree to consider this bill as a proper subject of investigation for one moment. I perceive on further examination of the bill, that the Senate have provided for its suspension, in cases where persons have been already arrested. Had it been confined to future arrests, I might have agreed to deliberate on it, but viewing it in the light of an ex post facto law, I must give it my instantaneous negative. There is another principle which appears to me highly objectionable. It authorizes the arrest of persons, not merely by the President, or other high officers, but by any person acting under him. I imagine this to be wholly without precedent. If treason were marching to force us from our seats, I would not agree to do this. I would not agree thus to destroy the fundamental principles of the constitution, or to commit such an act either of despotism or pusillanimity. Under this view of the subject I am disposed to reject the bill, as containing a proposition on which I cannot deliberate.
The yeas and nays were then taken on the question "shall the bill be rejected?" Yeas 115; Nays 19. As follows:
YEAS. Messrs. Alston, junior, Anderson, Bard, Barker, Basset, Bedinger, Betton, Bibb, Bishop, Blake, junior, Blount, Brown, Brown, Boyle, Burwell, Butler, G. W., Campbell, J. Campbell, Chittenden, Claiborne, J. Clay, M. Clay, Clinton, junior, Conrad, Cook, Covington, Dana, Dashiell, Davenport, junior, Dawson, Dwight, Early, Elliot, Ellis, Elmer, Ely, Enpes, Findley, Fisk, Fowler, Gannett, Goldsborough, Goodwyn, Gray, Gregg, Halsey, Jamison, Hastings, Holland, Holmes, Hough, Jackson, Jones, Kelly, Kenan, Lambert, Lewis, junior, Livingston, Lloyd, Lyon, MacFarland, Magruder, Marion, M'Creery, Meigs, Moore, N. R., Moore, T. Moore, Moraw, Mosely, J. Nelson, R. Nelson, Newton, Pinckney, junior, Porter, Pugh, Quincy, J. Randolph, T. M. Randolph, Rea (Penn.), Rhea, (Tenn.), Russell, Saith, Sammons, Schumann, Seaver, Sloan, Smelt, Smilie, J. Smith, S. Smith, Stanford, Stanton, Stearns, Suggs, Taggart, Talmadge, Tenny, P. R. Thompson, T. W. Thompson, Tracy, Trigg, Van Cleave, Van Rensselaer, Wadsworth, J. Whitehill, R. Whitehill, D. R., Williams, M. Williams, Wilson, Winn, Winston, & Wynns.
NAYS. Messrs. Alexander, Archer, Bidwell, Chandler, Cuts, Earle, Green, Helms, Masters, Mumford, Olin, Sanford, Southard, Thomas, Varnum, Verplanck, Walton, Wickes and N. Williams.
Foreign.
NINETEENTH BULLETIN OF THE FRENCH GRAND ARMY.
Charlottenburg, Oct. 27. The emperor left Potsdam at 12 o'clock to inspect the fortress of Spandau. He has charged general Casseloup, commander of the engineers, with improving the fortifications of that place. This is a fine piece of work: the magazines are magnificent and meal, oats, &c., have been found in them sufficient to serve the army for two months; besides ammunition sufficient to double the provision for the whole of the artillery. In the palace there was not the least disorder, so that the sword of the great Frederick was easily found at Potsdam, together with the scarf which he wore during the seven years' war; also the insignia of the Black Eagle. The emperor took these trophies with transport, saying, "I would rather have these than twenty millions;"—then pausing a little he added, "I shall send these to my old soldiers, who served in the war of Hanover—I shall present them to the governor of the invalids; in that hotel they shall remain."
After the queen withdrew from Potsdam, the portrait of the emperor of Russia was found, which she had received from that monarch. At Charlottenburg was found the correspondence between the emperor of Russia & the king for 3 years past, together with some memorials written by English authors, to prove that nations were under no obligations to observe any treaty made with the emperor Napoleon, but that it were necessary for every power to range itself on the side of the emperor of Russia. These documents ought to form historical records: they shew, if it were necessary, how unfortunate princes are when they suffer women to interfere in state affairs. The notes, reports & state papers were scented with musk and laid mingled together up on the queen's toilette—This princess had turned the heads of all the women in Berlin. But now another change has succeeded.
A great part of the effects sent away from Berlin to Magdeburg, and embarked upon the Oder, has been intercepted by the light cavalry. Some of the regiments of hussars have made prizes to the amount of upwards of 500,000 francs, and it is reported that they exchanged their silver into gold, with a loss of fifty per cent.
The palace of Charlottenburg, where the emperor resides, is situated one mile from Berlin upon the Spree.
TWENTIETH BULLETIN.
Charlottenburg, Oct. 27. As the military movements are no longer uncertain, they are become still more interesting, by the contrivances of marches and manoeuvres. The indefatigable grand duke of Berg was at Zehdenick on the 26th, at three o'clock in the afternoon, with a brigade of light cavalry, under general Lafalle, while the division of dragoons under the generals Beaumont and Grouchy were marching to the same point.
The brigade under general Lasalle presented itself to the enemy, who opposed it with 6000 cavalry—this was the whole of the cavalry of the Prussian army that had escaped from Magdeburg, forming the advanced guard of prince Hohenlohe's corps, directing their march towards Stettin.
At four in the afternoon, when both divisions of the cavalry had arrived, gen. Lasalle attacked the enemy with his usual intrepidity, which has always formed the character of the French hussars and yagers in the present war. The enemy's line, though formed 3 deep, was broken—they were pursued into the village of Zehdenick, and thrown into confusion in the defiles. The queen's regiment of dragoons endeavored to recover themselves, but the dragoons of Grouchy's division soon shewed themselves, fell upon the enemy, and made dreadful havoc among them. A part of these 6000 cavalry were driven into the morasses; 500 remained upon the field; 700 with their horses were made prisoners. The colonel and a great number of officers of the queen's regiment were included. The colors of the regiment are taken.
Marshal Lannes' corps are in full march to support our cavalry. The cuirassiers are marching in columns to the right wing, and another corps is advancing towards Granzee.
We shall be at Stettin before the army that are marching there; which being outflanked, is as good as cut off already. Undisciplined as they are, there is reason to hope that not a man of them will escape, and that the whole of that part of the Prussian army, which lost two days, without any advantage, at Magdeburg, in order to collect themselves, will not be able to reach the Oder.
The above mentioned affair at Zehdenick, as a martial achievement, is remarkable—neither party had any infantry—but that the Prussian cavalry is much inferior to ours, is proved by the events of the campaign.—They have never been able to make a stand against half their number of French.
NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 8.
Yesterday about 3 o'clock the U. S. schr. Revenger, lieut. Read, exchanged a salute with Fort St. Charles, and sailed up the river to join the squadron which is stationed at Point Coupee.
From our Gazette extra of Tuesday.
This day, about 1 o'clock the aid-decamp of gen. Wilkinson, read the following in the Coffee House, and had it posted on the books: GEN. WILKINSON regrets that it is not in his power, from a pressure of public interests which imperiously commands his attention, to be at the Coffee House as he intended this day.
He therefore takes this mode of warning the merchants and ship owners to hold their vessels in readiness to haul off into the stream, should it be found necessary, at the shortest notice. But he begs that this may be considered merely as a salutary precaution, not that he believes Col. Burr is at Natchez, or that he will ever reach this city under his own volition; and he warns the citizens not to respect the rumors in circulation because the general by a letter from Col. Burr's own hand written to Dr. Bollman, is authorized to say that the colonel's utmost calculation of force did not exceed 6000 men, and that he would, in person precede the main body with about 3000 men to Natchez, where he intended to halt.
The faithful citizens may be assured that with moderate exertions only, and the decisive exertion of traitors, the storm will burst over the heads of its authors, and hurl them headlong to perdition, whilst the inhabitants of this city shall dwell in security.
WASHINGTON CITY, Feb. 11.
The following message from the President of the United States was yesterday laid before the two Houses of Congress. To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
I communicate for the information of Congress a letter from Cowles Mead, Secretary of the Mississippi territory, to the Secretary at War, by which it will be seen that Mr. Burr had reached that neighbourhood on the 13th of January.
TH: JEFFERSON. Extract of a letter from Cowles Mead, Secretary and acting Governor of the Mississippi territory, to the department of War, dated Washington, Mississippi territory, Jan. 13, 1807. Sir,
I have just time by the mail to inform you that I received this morning a letter from Col. Burr, at Bayou Pierre, avowing the innocence of his views, and the falsity of certain rumors against his patriotism—his object is agriculture and his boats are the vehicles of emigration. However several military corps were ordered to be on the alert and apprehend him and all suspicious persons, on the day before the reception of his letter—these orders may possibly bring him into my possession. In his letter he hints at resistance to any attempt to coerce him, and deprecates a civil war. These hints will have no influence on my conduct. He will be apprehended, if possible, at the hazard of the lives of our militia and the honor of the executive. We are all bustle and activity. I hope in a day or two to give you a better account of this trouble some man.
A boat passed Natchez last night—was hailed and pursued by the guard—they fired two guns at the pursuers, and made their escape, being better manned.
The citizens of this country are republicans and patriots, and on their exertions I have every reliance.
ON MONDAY Mr. Lee delivered a short argument before the Supreme Court of the United States on his motion for a writ of Habeas Corpus in the case of Samuel Swartwout.
Mr. Rodney said it was not his wish in this stage of the business to make any remarks. If it should be the determination of the court to issue a writ of Habeas Corpus he should cheerfully submit to it.
The Chief Justice said the court would give their opinion the next day.
ON TUESDAY Mr. Harper observed that as the court had not yet given an opinion on the motion made by Mr. Lee, it was his wish in connection with Mr. Martin, to be heard as counsel for Dr. Erick Bollman. He said they were induced to make this request, from understanding that the court had some difficulty on certain points which had not been so fully examined by Mr. Lee as their importance merited. The Chief Justice said the court would hear Messrs. Harper and Martin to-morrow.
The following is the opinion delivered by Judge FITZHUGH on the commitment of Messrs. BOLLMAN and SWARTWOUT, on a charge of Treason. My extreme indisposition has prevented me from preparing any remarks in support of the opinion which I am called on to give; but since it has been thought proper by the members of the court to assign our reasons for the course which has been pursued, I shall express those sentiments which at present occur to me.
This question has been argued, as if it
were now before a jury who were called on to convict, or acquit the prisoners, without recollecting that we are at that stage where, in the language of the constitution probable cause supported by oath or affidavit, is sufficient. This remark is necessary to show that many of the conclusions of counsel are incorrect. In this incipient state, the evidence is always ex parte, and such as would be inadmissible at the final trial. A warrant goes forth to apprehend and afterwards to commit, on the suggestion of an individual, supported by oath, that a crime has been committed. The affidavit is made in the absence of the supposed offender, and no more certainty is required than probable cause. By a law U. S. vol. 1. p. 100, there must be the confession in open court, on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, to convict one of treason—Whereas probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, will authorize issuing a warrant. In no case, whether criminal or civil, is an affidavit evidence at the trial; because taken in the absence of the party against whom it is intended to operate; and yet it has always been considered as sufficient to justify issuing a warrant to arrest.
These enquiries obviously occur: 1st. Is there probable cause to believe that any treason has been committed against the U. States, and this supported by oath, &c.? 2d. Are the prisoners implicated in the treason? And 3d. How, whether as principals, or only guilty of misprison of treason?
That there is probable cause to believe that treason has been committed by colonel Burr, the public rumor and universal alarm which seems to have convulsed our country from the extremity to the centre—the President's communications to Congress and to the court, afford at least ground of suspicion, and this is supported by the positive oaths of gen. Eaton, gen. Wilkinson, Mr. Donaldson, Mr. Meade, and Mr. Wilson, all going to shew the origin, existence and progress of Burr's treasonable projects and acts.
But here the counsel for the prisoners have insisted that none of this mass of evidence criminate B. and have contended that the President's communications are inadmissible. It is not generally by detached parts of evidence, but by a well connected chain of circumstances that we arrive at proof; nor can a crime be made out by the proof of any solitary fact. In a charge of murder it would not be sufficient to show that a blow was given from which death ensued; but it is necessary to prove and disclose a particular state of mind.—There must be deliberate resentment, or ill will: there must be malice prepense. So in treason (the case now under consideration) no degree of violence, however atrocious, no enlistment or marching men; no injury, if limited in its object to personal rivalry, or even extensive enough in point of locality to contemplate and threaten the opposition and destruction of the laws or government of any one of the U. S. will amount to treason against the U. S. 'Tis the intention alone which fixes the grade of the offence. This intention is only to be collected from circumstances—and though the communications of the President do not of themselves furnish full evidence of B's. treason against the U. S. yet they must be considered entitled to some weight in leading to the conclusion that there is probable cause; but when in addition to this, it is considered that the most solemn obligation is imposed by the constitution on the President to make communications of this nature to Congress, and that he has also in further discharge of his constitutional duties ordered over the militia, which on ordinary and trivial occasions he is not justifiable in doing, a person must be strangely incredulous who will not admit that there is probable cause of suspicion that a dangerous insurrection or treason exists in our country. A report thus sanctioned by duty and oath, if made to this court by one of its officers, would be respected, and why shall not a communication from the first executive officer of the Union be credited, when he announces to the nation information in the line of his duty? But this general ground of alarm is rendered more specific by the affidavits which have been exhibited to us. If the persons who have been sworn on this occasion are to be believed, (and no one has yet questioned their credibility) they prove a scheme laid by Burr to usurp the government of the U. S. to sever the western states from the Union; to establish an empire west of the Alleghany mountains, of which he, Burr was to be the sovereign, and New-Orleans the emporium, and to invade and revolutionize Mexico. That in prosecution of those projects he wrote a letter to gen. Wilkinson, the commander in chief of the American army, with the avowed object and design of alienating him from his duty, and inviting him to embark in the undertaking, and holding out to him the most flattering and sanguine assurances and prospects of success. Horrid as this attempt was, yet if the information had reached no further, I should have no hesitation in saying that it would have been nothing more than a conspiracy to commit treason, or some other offence. But when Burr assures Wilkinson that he had obtained funds and actually commenced the enterprise; that detachments from various points and under different pretences would rendezvous on the Ohio, the 1st of Nov.—that his plan was to move down rapidly from the Falls the 15th Nov. with the 1st 500 or 1000 men in light boats now constructing for that purpose:—When, in addition to this, Wilson and Meade swear that when they left New-Orleans, the one the 15th, the other the 19th Dec. the strongest apprehension and belief universally prevailed among the inhabitants that Burr and his confederates had prepared an armed force, and were marching to attack and plunder the city; and that they knew that Wilkinson was decidedly of opinion, from the most satisfactory information, that Burr was advancing, and under that belief, he was putting the place in a posture of defence. When this coincidence of circumstances and this strength of testimony appear, there can be little doubt of the existence and the extent of Burr's views, and of his having embodied and inlisted men with views hostile to the government of his country, and that he has done acts which amount to levying war on the U. S.
Burr's treason then being established, we are to enquire whether the prisoners
were his confederates. They are represented, under oath, to have been the bearers of the duplicates of Burr's letters in cypher to Wilkinson, and to possess Burr's confidence; they use arguments in addition to those in the letter, to invite Wilkinson to accede to their views: admit that they have corresponded with Burr on the subject since the delivery of the letter: That Swartwout informed Wilkinson that Burr, with a powerful association, extending from New York to New Orleans, was levying an armed body of 7000 men from New York and the western states and territories, with a view to carry an expedition against the Mexican provinces, and that 500 men under col. Swartwout and major Flyer were to descend the Alleghany, for whose accommodation light boats had been built and were ready—said that New Orleans would be revolutionized when the people were ready to join them, and that there would be some seizing.
Here then is evidence of a connection with col. Burr of a treasonable nature. What is it? The act of Congress defines misprison of treason to be a neglect to disclose the knowledge of a treason. But the prisoners have not only known of the treason; but carried a treasonable letter, knowing its contents; endeavored to further Burr's views and wishes, and to seduce Wilkinson from his duty. The offence exceeds misprison of treason, and as there is no intermediate class of offences of a treasonable nature between misprison and treason, it must be treason.
It has been observed by the counsel for the prisoners that no judge could commit on an affidavit made before any other judge. This distinction is certainly new, and I believe unprecedented. In all general warrants for arresting a supposed offender, the direction to the officer is to bring the party before the person issuing the warrant, or some other justice of peace, &c. which would be at least nugatory, if no person could inspect or regard the affidavit except the person before whom it was made. Therefore I conclude that Wilkinson's affidavits made before justices of the peace of New Orleans, whose commissions appear to be properly authenticated by the secretary of state, are evidence at this stage of our enquiry.
I am therefore of opinion, that the prisoners should be committed for treason against the United States, in levying war against them.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES.
MONDAY, Feb. 9.
The house resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Varnum in the chair...on the bill prohibiting the importation of slaves into the U. S.
The provision, punishing the importation of slaves with imprisonment, was stricken out, & the punishment of death substituted. The committee having passed on to the seventh section, it was read as follows:
"That all such negroes, mulattoes, or persons of colour, as may be forfeited by virtue of this act, shall, at the expense of the United States, be conveyed to such place or places in the United States, as the President thereof may direct, and there be indentured, as apprentices or servants, or otherwise employed as the President may judge most beneficial for them, and most safe for the United States; PROVIDED, That no such negro, mulatto, or person of colour, shall be indentured or employed as aforesaid, except in some state or territory in which slavery is not permitted, or in which provision is now made for a gradual abolition of slavery; nor in any state, in which such persons are not permitted by law to be indentured or employed as aforesaid; and if any such negro, mulatto, or person of colour, when so indentured or employed, shall be under the age of years, the term of such indenture or employment shall not extend beyond the age of twenty-one years; and if above the age of years, the term shall not exceed years."
Mr. Early moved to strike out all the words of the section in italics, and to insert in lieu thereof the following words:
Shall by the marshal of the district or territory having custody of the same be delivered over to such officer of the state or territorial government as may by any law of the state or territory be directed to receive them, to be disposed of as by any such law may be provided.
This motion was warmly advocated by Messrs. Early, Marion, J. Clay, Holland, D. R. Williams, and Alston; and strenuously opposed by Messrs. Smilie, Sloan, Bedinger and Goldsborough.
Mr. D. R. Williams, after the usual hour of adjournment, moved that the committee should rise.
This motion was supported by Messrs. Early and Macon, and agreed to without a division; when the committee rose and obtained leave to sit again.
TUESDAY, Feb. 10.
A message was received from the President, furnishing the information requested by the house on the subject of gun boats.
After the transaction of a good deal of minor business, the house again resolved itself into a committee of the whole—Mr. Varnum in the chair—on the bill prohibiting the importation of slaves into the United States.
Considerable progress was made in the discussion of the provisions of the bill, when the committee rose and obtained leave to sit again.
FROM THE AURORA.
POLITICS FOR FARMERS.
That was a most animating spectacle which was lately exhibited in Baltimore. A musical festival was held, to which each person who chose to be an auditor, subscribed a small sum for admission. The proceeds were destined for purposes of charity—and congenial with so benevolent a purpose, the performers were composed of the members of various Christian churches, and the auditors of every religious denomination. In what other country could such a spectacle be seen? Where but in this could the voices of various sects be found united in the sweet concord of charity and toleration?—FARMERS you owe this all to your principles of government—such concord you could not see nor hear any where else—the interests of other governments depend on imposture, religion is employed only as an engine of the state—the machinery of state is constructed upon principles the reverse of concord;—it is constructed upon principles of discord.—And a state church is employed at once to

aggrandize one sect at the expense of all the rest, and to aid by its spiritual influence, the political influence of other classes or factions of oppressors—by the revolution of 1776 you escaped this most impious of all the arts of state quackery. In Britain (for it is the example held out to us) no one tax is found to consolidate together the energies of such a good government, so well as tythes —that is, the tenth part of the produce of every farmer does, by law, belong to a clergyman of the established church—no matter whether the farmer belongs to that church or to another. The state church must be supported—because it combines both temporal and spiritual influence. And the established clergy, in return for the favor of the state, act as shies to deliver over, with the assistance of the parish lawyer and parish exciseman for punishment every claimant against too much energy in government.
The privileged clergyman adds spiritual excommunication in Britain—to the terrors of regular government. The tythes are wholly paid by the farmer—he is Calvinist or Quaker—Methodist or Seeker—he pays the tenth to the established church. Supposing a farmer were to rent three hundred acres of land, and offer the clergyman one hundred of them instead of tythes —and beside paying the rent for the clergyman—think you he would accept the land, even with the rent paid? No he would not! His tenth of the produce would be better in Britain than one third of the land after defraying charges of cultivation—for farmers in England are generally renters.
The farmers, in the first place, pay the rent. Secondly, the land tax, and all the other taxes, we have enumerated, in preceding numbers. Thirdly, the wages of his servants, and the expense of his house and farming utensils. Fourthly, plowing manuring and sowing. Fifthly, reaping. And after the farmer has incurred all this expense and labor—then comes the established clergyman—but not till then! The farmer, when his wheat is cut must put it up in the field in sheaves of ten in each heap. Then the clergyman comes and picks out one of the best; if there is one heap in every ten that looks bigger than the others, that is certain to go to the established church.
The farmer is obliged to put his barley, and oats, and hay also in heaps; and the clergyman gathers up every tenth heap in like manner—he takes his choice, one out of every ten. The farmer dares not touch any of his own property, the produce of his labor and expense, till he has given notice to the clergyman; and even then the parson may suffer his tenth parts to remain in the field 48 hours—and the poor farmer dares not turn in his hogs, or his turkeys, or poultry, the while! These various articles, however, are only what are called the great tythes ! After that the farmer is obliged to pay to the established church a composition for feeding, and pasturing his own cattle, &c. &c.—and these are called the little tythes !
Then for the farmer's wife— She poor woman, comes under the parson's clutches. She must carry to the parson's house—every tenth chicken — Every tenth goose, turkey and duck — Every tenth egg and roasting pig — The tenth of her apples, and peaches and pears and cherries . And more, she must pay a composition for the cabbage, thyme, onions, celery, parsley, &c. &c. of her garden. If a poor man has only one hen, and that hen hatches seven chickens, the parson takes one, notwithstanding; it was not the parson's fault if the hen had not ten instead of seven—the same of the litters of pigs; the same of geese, &c.—the laws give it him.
This must be a stupendous fabric of human wisdom—for the parson's of the established church!! Then the clergyman, takes the tenth calve —also for the established church. He has the tenth part of the milk every day. Or if the parson chooses the whole milk of every tenth day—he may make the choice. Many a poor calf and hog goes with a hungry belly in England, every tenth day—but who will be so Jacobinical as to say the government was made for calves ? Or that John Bull is only a GREAT CALF for submitting to it? Then comes Easter dues . Farmers of America, do you know what Easter dues are?
It is curious to see the poor agricultural laborers (the clodpoles ) in Britain, whose children are almost starving, or feeding on their barley cakes, lugging the tenth of their scanty produce, of their gardens—their eggs, their poultry, and with tears, knocking at the door of a minister, of a church called Christian ! There is energy for you! "O! how de-graded are the United States, by a jacobinical democratical government, such as "they now have" said a "warmly federal" friend lately. Had the system of 1797, 1798 succeeded, we should have had more energy—and in time, farmers of America, your children might have paid Easter dues —what a misfortune that Burr missed the empire! the vicar general of Mexico no doubt made tythes a part of the convention.—It was a part of the CONCORDAT of the quid empire !
Well, the clergyman prefers receiving tythes of one tenth of the produce, rather than to have one third of a plantation for a gift!! But the clergyman of the established church, is a political arithmetician, the taxes are so heavy that he is considerably the gainer, by refusing one third of the land and taking a tenth of the produce. The farmers often have bad crops in Britain, like other countries—by bad crops, bad harvest, by heavy foot rates , or the
death of his horses and cattle, he is as elsewhere a considerable loser, by his farm; and very often his stock is seized to pay the rent, to the "best blood of the country." You would naturally conclude then, that the parson would make some little allowance; and if the law had neither justice nor generosity in it, that the Christian parson would have some little feeling—that he would come in for some little share of the loss.
But no, not a cent—the church like the king can do no wrong—the church of England is not like the pope infallible—it can only do no wrong. The farmer might be ruined, his wife and family, turned out of doors, his children crying for bread, but the parson's crop much or little: be the weather, wet or dry—sweeps off wheat, hay, barley, calves, turkeys, ducks, geese, hogs, eggs, apples, pears, and pears! The farmer may starve, but the tythe must be paid. This is the system held up for your administration, more admirable than the discovery of the compass and all that—this is the state you farmers of America would have been reduced to ere long, had it not been for Jefferson's election and the wise democratic policy of his administration.
Tythe and excisemen proctors always go hand in hand—they are the chief support, the janizaries of energetic government read this brief statement—it contains a monument that ought to excite more curiosity and astonishment than the existence of the pyramids of Egypt...for its stupendous base. When the British agents and papers, and spies, and Cullens, call for an energetic government, they mean by it, all which we have enumerated...and more than we shall enumerate. Many federalists who know nothing of Britain or British government but by hearsay—federalists really well meaning men, but who fancy themselves " a little bit of blood ," those poor deluded men, we have seen gaping and swallowing and crediting the " cock and bull stories " of British shies —and believing every report of Britain which the fathers in British pay relate.
Are those federalists ready to bend the neck to the taxes and the tythes we have enumerated. Our expositions in the farmer's politics , we are happy to find cut close —there are wretches up for hire who advertise themselves by reviling farmer's politics —they cannot controvert, they cannot deny the truth of a fact stated in them—but they are hankering after the " flesh pots "—and they reprobate these essays, as an unfor-tunate class of another sex hang out a signal . And why, because we relate facts, undeniable facts, which cannot be palliated.
POSTSCRIPT.
From NEW YORK, Feb. 8. The brig Emeline , Stowell, arrived last evening from Bordeaux, Capt. S. sailed on the 1st of Jan. and brings Paris papers to the 22d of Dec. containing French bulletins from 32 to 42, inclusive. They furnish, however, nothing materially important. No battle had been fought since our former accounts. On the 5th of Dec. the headquarters of the French armies were at Posen. The Russians were concentrating their forces, and advancing to attack them. The King of Prussia had succeeded in joining the Russian army, and had left it for Konigsburg, where the Queen was. A general engagement was soon expected. Several of the Austrian regiments, forming the army of neutrality in Bohemia, had returned to Austria. Other corps of the same army had received orders to repair to Hungary. Prague is the general rendezvous of the troops returned from the frontiers.
The official account of Great Britain being declared in a state of blockade, is contained in these papers. The English parliament met on the 15th of December. Mr. Abbott was chosen Speaker of the House of Commons.—The King, for special reasons, had not yet delivered his speech. In addition to the above, we understand a letter has been received in this city, which states that the French troops have advanced as far as Prague in Poland, a government for which had been organized by Bonaparte; and that the Russians had declared War against the Turks. To-day's mail will doubtless furnish a few particulars. The King of Prussia is said to be with the Russians.
Removal.
DOCTOR JENNINGS has lately removed to Col. Callaway's large white house in New-London, where he still holds himself in readiness to serve his friends and the public in the line of his profession. He has also provided the necessary supplies, for accommodating decent travellers in a private way. As the most of his former pupils have now nearly completed their studies, two or three others might have admission. The tenement which he formerly occupied, is to be let on a moderate rent. 30th January, 1807. 6W
BUCKINGHAM COUNTY JANUARY COURT, 1807.
Hobson & St. John, plaintiffs, Against Charles Matthews, Walter Irvine, John Irvine and Samuel Bransford, defendants.
ON the motion of the plaintiffs by their counsel, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that the defendant Matthews has removed himself without the jurisdiction of this court to parts unknown, It is ordered and decreed, that unless he shall appear here on or before May court next and answer the plaintiffs' bill; the court will then proceed to take the same for confessed as to him, and decree the matter thereof accordingly; and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some public newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and another copy be posted up at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A copy,--Teest, R. ELDRIDGE, Jr, D. C.
VIRGINIA ARGUS.
RICHMOND: TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1807.
THE intelligence that Bonaparte has penetrated as far as Warsaw, the capital of Poland, which appears to be authentic, ought not to surprise any person who has considered the previous events on the continent of Europe. His conquest of Prussia naturally led to his obtaining, without any opposition, possession of Poland, where he must have been received as a saviour and deliverer. This event, indeed, is one of the most instructive since the commencement of the ever-memorable French revolution, the grand moral deducible from which, is, that among nations as well as individuals, honesty is the best policy. How dreadful has been the punishment of those ambitious monarchs, who so often violated that sacred principle in their combination to divide and subjugate France, and in their even-handed justice truly returned the ingredients of their poisoned chalice to their own lips. In 1792, the emperor of Germany, and nearly all the princes of his empire, especially, the Duke of Brunswick, the King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and the King of Prussia, together with the King of Spain, and several other potentates, united their forces for the purpose of arbitrarily dictating a form of government to France, or of dividing that kingdom among them. In 1794, the emperors of Russia and Germany, and the king of Prussia, violently seized on the small remainder of the Polish territory, which their former usurpation had left untouched, and extinguished the independence of that unfortunate country. And, now, behold a striking example of Heaven's retributive justice! Before the beginning of the year 1807, the empire of Germany is substantially abolished, a confederation is formed, under the superintendence and control of France, which overrides, and over-powers, and probably soon will deprive the emperor himself of all his dominions; the Duke of Brunswick is slain, and his dukedom abolished; the King of Prussia is dethroned, and those of Spain and Sweden probably soon will be. The despised and persecuted Poles are now assisting the terrible master of victory, whom the vile machinations and corrupt politics of the courts of Europe afforded the opportunity of becoming so conspicuous, in waging war against their former tyrants; and we expect very soon to be informed that he has entered St. Petersburg in triumph, and deprived of his crown the despot of Russia, whom, when heretofore defeated and disgraced, he permitted to escape from his sword. Such are the consequences to which the fatal system of disregarding the rules of honesty in conducting public affairs has naturally led on the continent of Europe. Nor has the king of Great Britain, although yet unsubdued, avoided a part of that well-merited punishment of his crimes. He has lost his electorate of Hanover, which he foolishly valued more than all his other possessions, and now has the comfort of seeing his people almost entirely excluded from any trade in that quarter of the globe; their manufactures everywhere seized and confiscated by the myrmidons of Bonaparte, and lately, by one stroke of his pen, their whole island declared in a state of blockade. The last act, though apparently a very stupid and impotent bravado, will operate greatly to the injury of neutral powers, and diminution of their commerce with the British; and cannot justly be complained of by them, notwithstanding its manifest violation of the law of nations; since they have the honor of being the first inventors of imaginary and piratical blockades, of which they set a noble example in their famous attempt to starve the French nation in 1794, and have often repeated similar conduct since.
It appears therefore, that an awful lesson is now given to the world, and a scourge is evidently inflicted, for their iniquities, on those who have hitherto domineered and tyrannised over it. Yet we do not mean to be understood as applauding, or even excusing Bonaparte, by the observations we have made. Although the murderer or the thief deserve punishment, yet the executioner is never a very respectable character: but the great Napoleon, who is certainly a minister of the vengeance of Heaven, is much worse than a common executioner, since his direful devastations have involved in destruction, the innocent as well as the guilty. Conquest, it may be said, is justifiable in self defence; but it never can be on the ground of ambition or revenge, particularly, when the safety of the conquering nation does not require it. The strong and invincible empire of France, can no longer combat, even for its own advantage, but now contends for no other object but that of gratifying the pride and ambition of its chief. Yet it is to be hoped that the terrible tragedy now acting on the theatre of Europe, may have a good effect at some future day; that the time may hereafter arrive, when the rulers of mankind may apply to the management of their affairs, the useful instruction which it presents, and may thereby be induced to tread in the paths of peace and justice. The remarkable contrast between the fate of the principal persons engaged in that deplorable drama, and that of America, whose wise and honest policy has kept her prosperous and free, adds greatly to the force of the maxim so clearly illustrated by the events of this important period of history, and which ought surely now to be indelibly impressed on the minds of kings and aristocrats, as well as of republicans, viz. THAT HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY.
FOR THE ARGUS.
CONCERNING ELECTIONS.
THE freeholders of Virginia are about to be assembled, for the purpose of choosing representatives, as well for Congress, as for the state Legislatures. For several years past, votes have been generally regulated by the acknowledged or supposed political creeds of the respective candidates. In most cases, candidates, as well as electors, appear to have been content with the simple declaration of political tenets. There have been times when no other political illustration was necessary to
insure the patronage or hostility of the different political sectarians. These things, it is hoped, will exist no more; and it now becomes more proper to enquire, what are the means by which either candidate may render to the public, more or less service than his competitor; and whether it is likely, if elected, he will, with industry and fidelity, devote his time and talents, to promote the public weal.
There is also another circumstance of considerable importance, which requires the notice of the patriot and politician; in which the morals, as well as general character of the country, are connected. It has been long the custom, in Virginia, to solicit and entice the electors by treats and other allurements, to dispose of their votes without regard to the real merits of the candidates. So long has this custom prevailed, that some voters have conceived themselves to be slighted, and treated with disrespect, if this ceremony has not been performed. Altho' it is true, that this punctilious temper does not every where exist, yet it most certainly has sometimes prevailed to such a degree, as to turn the scale in favor of the assiduous candidate, where otherwise, his competitor might have succeeded. This truth being well known, it cannot be expected, that any candidate, after he has jeopardized his feelings in the issue of an election, will fail to pursue the means which promise success.
These things have frequently been the subjects of conversation—they have been sometimes denounced with the most sincere and ardent patriotism, even by many of those who have found it necessary to pursue the general practice. They no doubt have enjoyed ample consolation in the honor of success, for the treason which they have committed against their own feelings and judgment.
From these and other considerations, it seems, that the practice of electioneering, is not only condemned, by the most enlightened of those who pursue it, but is injurious to the tranquility, morals and respectability of society. It obstructs the course of free enquiry, and entangles the whole community in petty and degrading contests, and often produces private animosity, which too frequently terminates in woe.
If these things are true—if some of those who countenance the custom which is alluded to condemn it—if they unite in expressing a hope, that the practice will be abolished, how has it happened, that no one has thought fit to commit himself to the chance of disappointment and mortification; why it is, that the whole country has been convulsed, to procure temporary success upon spurious and precarious popularity, excited, at the moment, perhaps, by false expectations, or deceptive allurements? Why has no one, whose example would have weight, made at least one solitary effort, to arrest the general delusion, and give a new direction to public opinion?
It is because, every one seems to believe, that the course of events, depending upon ancient habits, and promoted by new and alluring causes, could not be changed by individual efforts: It is because, a degree of weakness and depravity, is imputed to the mass of the people, which every one denies, as relates to himself, and which every man of observation knows, does not justly apply even to a considerable proportion: It is because, the most popular and independent citizens of the respective counties, do not enter into open and manly resolutions, to discountenance the practices which have been noticed. It is to such as these, that an appeal ought to be made; it is by such, that the degrading practices may be abolished—It is from them, that society has a right to expect the first advances towards useful innovations.
The truth of these observations, is too evident to require further illustration.—The public interests call for innovations; it is time that a beginning should be made; and it appears most proper, that it should commence at and near to the seat of government—because the people in the distant counties naturally look to the seat of government for political information. Every patriot would rejoice to find, that a more rational era was about to commence, which would not only abolish a custom which is generally condemned, but would give to the social character of Virginia, a weight, influence and respectability, far superior to that which hath been heretofore enjoyed.
These remarks will be now closed with a recommendation, that every man, who prizes his own personal political weight, will endeavor to approximate, as far as he can, to that course, which his own conscience dictates to be just; to that course, which is most likely to afford to his country, the greatest portion of political benefits. If, in considering these duties, he shall find any ancient customs, which deserve to be exploded, or perceives wherein beneficial changes may be introduced, let him, who entertains such opinions, be the first to acknowledge his convictions, and his determination to promote, as far as he can, the proper alterations; let him bear in mind, that the perpetuation of our political liberties, will greatly depend upon the social character of the people.
A FREEHOLDER.
From the Norfolk Public Ledger, Feb. 13.
IMPORTANT MERCANTILE INFORMATION.
Yesterday arrived here the brig Augusta , capt. Davis, from Lisbon, which place he left the 25th of December. Capt. D. informs us, that on the 19th December, a Decree issued by Bonaparte, arrived at Lisbon which excited considerable alarm. This decree declares that Great Britain and her dependencies are in Blockade, and that if any neutral vessel, by stress of weather or other cause, shall enter a French port, and having been in a British port previously, such vessel and cargo shall be confiscated. Further, that all letters written in the English language, are prohibited from passing through France. When the decree first arrived, a considerable number of American vessels that were freighted for France, were detained, they however sailed in a few days. Capt. D. had a translation of the decree, which he unfortunately left in Lisbon, it will very soon be received,
if it has not already arrived in the United States, as Capt. Hilliard of the brig Mary (who sailed in company with capt. Davis) bound to New-York, had a copy of it.
We have no doubt of the truth of Capt. Davis's statement, and look upon it as one of those measures which Bonaparte will pursue against all those nations who will not become his slaves. This country, more than any other, will feel the effect of this decree, and it is against this country that it is chiefly directed. As to Bonaparte's means to enforce the blockade of Great Britain, they are too contemptible to deserve notice. Nevertheless, it will prove injurious, if not ruinous, to the commerce of this country, as it will bring upon it a swarm of pirates, who under the plea of our vessels being bound to a blockaded port, they will be carried into the ports of France, and there condemned. This will force us, as heretofore, to arm on our own defence, and the sooner we do it the better. We remember with pride, the effect which our former armament produced on the insolent and raucous government of France at that time. It soon found that we were not to be bullied, and then to be sure they set on foot a sort of whining, canting negotiation thro' their charge-de-affaires, Pichon, in Holland, and so brought about a formal negotiation, that ended in a treaty.
When we combine the date that this decree was received at Lisbon, with our recent advices from London, we shall not be surprised that this measure has been taken in consequence of the termination of our disputes with Great Britain, as that was enough to shew the French government that we were determined to be independent, a crime which that government will not forgive.
A Free School has been established at New-York, and placed under the direction of Mr. W. Smith, who has adopted the new system of education by Joseph Lancaster, of London, which is calculated, not only to bring forward and instruct with great facility, but so admirable is the arrangement, as to enable one instructor to have the superintendence of 500 or more pupils.
IN COUNCIL, February 13, 1807.
It is advised that the following Agents be appointed for the collection of the arrears of Taxes due this Commonwealth, viz: William Nimmo, Jr. , for the counties of Accomack, Northampton, Princess Anne, Norfolk and the Borough of Norfolk. Park Street , for Nansemond, Isle of Wight, Southampton, Surry, Sussex, Prince George, Elizabeth City, Warwick, York, James City, Charles City, New-Kent, Hanover, Henrico, Cities of Richmond & Williamsburg. Peter C. Rice , for Gloucester, Matthews, Middlesex, Essex, King-William, King and Queen, Lancaster, Northumberland, Richmond and Westmoreland. Theodocius Hansford , for Loudoun, Fairfax, Fauquier, Prince William, Stafford, and King George. William C. Williams , for Culpeper, Madison, Orange, Spotsylvania, Caroline, Louisa, Goochland, Fluvanna, Albemarle, and Amherst. Joseph Fawcett , for Frederick, Berkeley, Jefferson, Rockingham, Augusta, Shenandoah, Hampshire, Hardy, Pendleton, Montgomery, Ohio, Brooke, Harrison, Randolph and Wood. James M'Farlane , for Wythe, Montgomery, Monroe, Giles, Washington, Russell, Lee, Grayson, Tazewell, Rockbridge, Botetourt, Greenbrier, Bath, Kanawha and Mason. William Norvell , for Henry, Patrick, Franklin, Campbell, Bedford and Pittsylvania. Thomas T. Bouldin , for Halifax, Charlotte and Prince Edward. Maj. Edward Pegram, Jr. for Dinwiddie, Greensville, Brunswick, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Chesterfield, Amelia, Nottoway, Powhatan, Cumberland and Buckingham. DANL. L. HULTON, Clk. of the Council.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to the subscribers by John Henderson of the county of Albemarle, to secure the payment of certain debts therein mentioned and for other purposes, we shall expose to sale, by Public Auction, before the door of the Tavern of Mr. Triplett T. Bates, in the town of Charlottesville and county of Albemarle, on the 12th day of March next, John Henderson's interest in the following Property, to wit:
One certain tract or parcel of LAND, on the waters of Hardware river in the said county, containing by survey six hundred and sixty-six acres, adjoining the lands of Christopher Hudson, Henry Copeland and others.—Also, about six acres of LAND, in or near the town of Milton, on which there is a valuable mill-seat.—Also, an undivided interest in LOTS in the said town of Milton, his proportion being five 1/8ths.—Also, the life estate of Mrs. Elizabeth Henderson in and to the LAND and HOUSES near Milton, at present occupied by Mr. Thomas E. Randolph.—Also, two thousand acres of LAND on Taylor's creek in the counties of Jefferson or Scott in the state of Kentucky.—Also, the interest of Hill Carter under the Will of Edward Carter, deceased to certain LANDS in the state aforesaid, which interest the said Henderson purchased of the said Hill Carter.—Also, the interest of the said John Henderson as distributee of his father Bennett Henderson, deceased and to a certain tract of LAND in the county of Scott and state aforesaid, supposed to be four hundred acres.—Also, the like interest in and to certain LOTS in the town of Milton.—Also, one BAY HORSE.—Also, a BOND executed by James L. Henderson to said John, for the title to certain lands in the state of Kentucky. As the residue of the money arising from the sale of the above mentioned property is to be paid over by us to the proper creditors of John Henderson, authorised to receive the same, it would be to the interest of those creditors to attend the sale and force the property to its proper value. Acting as trustees, we shall only convey the title to the above property vested in us as such. James Lewis, } Trustees. Matthew Henderson, } Feb. 14, 1807. W.B.

LANDS for SALE.
THE Subscriber will dispose of TWO SMALL Tracts of Land, in Powhatan county, detached from the one on which he lives, upon very reasonable terms:—One of them containing four hundred and twenty acres, lies immediately in the fork of the North & South branches of Fine Creek, partaking of the flat land of both, to the amount of about thirty acres—This land is rich; above one half is in woods; and mostly of that of the first rate tobacco land. About one hundred and twenty acres of that which is cleared, is now under cultivation and produces Corn and Wheat uncommonly well. There is on this tract, a comfortable Dwelling-House, lately built, two rooms below and two above, with a fire-place in each room, also some Negro Houses, and other convenient out Houses. Possession may be had next fall, with the privilege of sowing wheat thereon in proper time. Any person inclined to view the land, may have it shown to them by Capt. LITTLEBERRY STOVALL, who is living on the premises.—Part of the money will be required in hand, and the balance in twelve months from this date.
The other TRACT lies near the Buckingham road, on the North side, about four miles below the courthouse; known by the name of TOWN HILL ; and possesses the most beautiful and elevated site in the lower county, presenting to the view several ranges of mountains. This place, from its situation, was never known to fail of fruit; besides, a number of Old Fruit Trees of various kinds—there is lately planted thereon, an Orchard of Peach Trees, and another of Apple of choice Fruit. This tract, contains two hundred and seventy acres, about one half in woods, has a comfortable Dwelling-House thereon, two rooms below and two above, with a fire-place in each room below. This land is no less valuable for its fertility, than for its healthy and delightful situation, and the advantage of Fruit. A great bargain may be had in this tract on the same terms of the other.—This land will be shown to any person by Mr. SLEAD, living on the premises.
If these tracts of Land, are not sold before April Powhatan court, they will be offered for Sale, to the highest bidder, when the terms will be particularly made known. W. BENTLEY. Powhatan county, Jan. 20th, 1807. tf
JUST RECEIVED & FOR SALE, in addition to our extensive assortment of BAR-IRON, a quantity of SHEET-IRON, NAIL-RODS, and best polished WAGON-BOXES. We have also received several Ton Broad Bar-Iron, Suitable for plantation use. RUSSELL & WALLACE. Richmond, Jan. 19, 1807. 3m
Land for Sale. BY virtue of a deed of trust recorded in the county court of Fluvanna, executed by Joshua Bartly, for the purpose of securing a debt due to Abraham Maury, WILL BE SOLD, on the premises, for cash, on the 14th day of March next, A Tract of Land, Lying on the Rivanna river, about two miles above the courthouse of the said county, containing by estimation between four and five hundred acres. This is a very valuable tract of land, and as it is most certainly to be sold, any person wishing to purchase, would perhaps do well to look at it and enquire of its local situation and advantages from the present occupant. THE TRUSTEES. January 20th, 1807. 4w
WANTING, Three Men, To act as Turnkeys at the Penitentiary, who can come well recommended for their sobriety, &c. MARTIN MIERS, Keeper of the Penitentiary. Feb. 9th, 1807. 3t
Slaves for Hire. SEVERAL FEMALE HOUSE SERVANTS, of good character—One excellent cook and washer; and sundry Boys and Girls for hire till Christmas next, by JAMES SMITH, Who offers three Casks of Fresh Imperial Tea, at a low price. Richmond, 6th Feb. 1807. 2w
Lesueur & Saunders Are now receiving and will constantly keep a large supply of Bar-Iron & Castings, Of superior quality. Feb. 2d, 1807. tf
Negroes for Sale. ON Monday, the 16th day of February, 1807, will be SOLD, at the Vendue-Office of Messrs. Prosser & Moncure, Eleven Valuable Negroes, belonging to the estate of Otway Byrd, deceased, consisting of three young and likely Men, one of whom is an excellent Cook; a middle aged but likely Man, who is a good ostler and driver of a Carriage; four fine boys, two of whom are accustomed to waiting on genteel company; two women, and a child.—Twelve months credit will be allowed, bond with good security being given, bearing interest from the date; but, on punctual payment of the principal, the interest will be remitted. ANNA BYRD, Admr'x. With the will annexed of OTWAY BYRD, dec'd. Richmond, Jan. 28th, 1807. tds
FOR SALE, 70 3-4 Acres of Land, FOUR and a half or five miles from this place—about 25 or 30 acres of which are cleared and well enclosed—There is on the place a small Dwelling House, a log Kitchen, a log house not quite finished, a small Apple Orchard, a young Peach Orchard, and an excellent Garden. For terms apply to Mr. J. West, or to the subscriber living in Cumberland. JOHN SEAYRES. Cumberland, Jan. 13, 1807.
WHILEAS some time past, I purchased a piece of land in Goochland county, of one William Lovell, for which I gave him two bonds, one for eighteen pounds, payable the 25th day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight, the other bond for 27 pounds, payable the 25th of December, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, and as the said Lovell has gone away without making me a right to the said land agreeable to bargain, I do forewarn all person or persons in trading for the above-mentioned bonds, as I do not intend to pay them unless I get a right agreeable to bargain. WM. SHEPPARD. 9th November, 1806. tf
TO RENT, THE BRICK HOUSE, at the Falling Garden, at present occupied by S. Pleasants Jr.—Possession may be had by the last of this month Enquire of the subscriber, near the premises. JAMES LOWNES. 10th Month, 3d 1806. tf
I DESIGN the ensuing year, with the aid of a qualified teacher, to attempt the Tuition of 15 Females—Grammar, Geography & Arithmetic will be taught. Strict attention will also be paid to the composition of the Scholars, nor will their morals be neglected. The price will be £20 each scholar finding her own bed—1-5th of the price to be paid in advance. Gerard Banks. Goochland, 27th Sept. 1806. tf
Thirty Dollars Reward. DESERTED from this place, on the 14th inst. JAMES LOWNES, a soldier of the public guard, about 28 years of age, five feet 7 or 8 inches high, fair complexion, with red hair and large whiskers, with blue eyes. It is unknown where he will go, as he is very fond of spirits. Any person taking up said deserter, and bringing him to this place, and delivering him to me, or either of the officers of the said guard, shall receive the above reward. ALEX. QUARRIER, C. P. G. Richmond, Nov. 15th, 1806. A. Q.
MATTRESSES. CAN be had on very short notice, MATTRESSES of all sizes & kinds, agreeable to order, in the large corner white house, opposite the Old City Tavern, two squares below the Market Bridge—BEDS made & MATTRESSES repaired—Horses TAILS & MANES purchased. Jno. S. Pleasants. Jan. 1st, 1807.
By virtue of a decree of the county court of Albemarle, pronounced in the case of Micajah Chiles' executors against Menan Mills, will be SOLD, for ready money, on the premises, on the 10th day of February next, The Houses and Lot In the town of Charlottesville, formerly the residence of Micajah Chiles—ALSO on the premises on the 17th day of the same month, a certain tract or parcel of LAND, supposed to contain five hundred and sixty seven acres, being the land whereon the said Menan Mills now resides, situated in Albemarle county, about 12 or 13 miles above Charlottesville, on or near the road leading from Charlottesville to Amherst courthouse—The above mentioned property will be sold for the purpose of satisfying the above mentioned decree by the COMMISSIONERS.
The above property was to have been sold in last month as formerly advertised—the sale was then postponed at the request of Mr. Mills, but will certainly take place at the time now mentioned. Jan. 7th, 1807. tds
Land & Negroes for Sale. BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to me by Thomas Randolph, to secure the payment of a debt due Isaac H. Coles, I will sell, to the highest bidder, for ready money, at the dwelling house of the said Thomas Randolph, on Monday the 16th day of February next, one hundred and fifty acres of LAND, lying on Appomattox river, in the county of Amelia, being a part of the land on which the said Thomas Randolph now resides, and known by the name of MORRIS. Also NINE NEGROES, viz. Ned, Jesse, Kitty, Alexander, Dandridge, Spencer, Sukey, Richard and Caroline, or so much of the said property as will be sufficient to discharge the debt mentioned in the deed. J. COLES, Jr. January 23d, 1807. tds
JUST RECEIVED AT THIS OFFICE, Jefferson's Manual Constitutions of the United States Darwin on Female Education Moore on Female Education Blair's Lectures Steuben's Exercises Espinasse's Nisi Prius Ainsworth's, Young's and Entic's Latin Dictionaries Sallust Delphini, Horace do. Ovid do. Virgil do. Ruddiman's Rudiments Cicero's Oration, with translation Lucian's Dialogues Greek Grammars, Lexicons and Testa-ments. Jan. 30.
CONFORMABLE to a deed of trust, executed by John P. Shields and Jane C. his wife, to the subscriber, for the purpose of guaranteeing the payment of a debt due Samuel Elkin, of two thousand dollars, payable in two equal instalments, one moiety, due the 25th of December, 1806, the other the 25th of June, 1807—Will be Sold, on the premises, for Cash, without reserve, to the highest bidder, (between the hours of 11 and 12 o'clock, on Wednesday, the 25th of February next,) so much of the following
PROPERTY, as will cover the first payment of the above debt, with all attendant charges, viz: one Lot of Ground, on Shockoe-hill, in the city of Richmond, numbered in Du-Val's plan, per Wm G. Payne's survey, 101, and one fourth part of an adjoining lot, known in said plan as No. 102—both lots considerably improved. Arch'd. Pleasants, Jr. Trustee. Jan. 30, 1807. 3w
Valuable property for sale. PURSUANT to a decree of the Worshipful Court of Hustings for the City of Richmond—the subscribers will expose to sale, on the twenty-eight day of February next, on the premises, for CASH, the HOUSE & LOT, In said city, formerly the residence of Jas. Rind, dec. and for some time occupied by Jedediah Allen. On this lot, which is well enclosed, there is a very good Dwelling-House, which has recently undergone a thorough repair, a new Stable, other convenient Offices, and a very good Garden, all which render it a desirable habitation for a family. Previous to the sale, Mr. Allen who lives on the premises, will show them to any person desirous to become the purchaser. Edmund Randolph, John Adams, Philip N. Nicholas, John Foster, Commissioners. Richmond, Jan. 15, 1807. tds
PUBLISHED BY SUBSCRIPTION, DR. REES'S NEW CYCLOPEDIA, or Universal Dictionary of Arts & Sciences. IN TWENTY VOLUMES QUARTO. CONDITIONS. THE work will be printed in large quarto, with new types, cast for the purpose, on a superior wove paper, each volume will contain from eight hundred to a thousand pages. A half volume, in boards, will be published regularly every two months. PRICE THREE DOLLARS, PAYABLE ON DELIVERY. Between six and seven hundred plates, engraved in a superior style of elegance, will be comprised in the course of the publication, by far a greater number than is to be found in any other Scientific Dictionary. To Subscribers. The four first half volumes are ready for delivery at the Book-Store of Samuel Pleasants, jun. Richmond. wtf Nov. 6.
Land for Sale. BY virtue of a decree of the county court of Charlotte, bearing date the second day of December, 1806, will be SOLD, at Public Auction, on the 25th day of February next, 320 Acres of Land, Lying on the waters of Cub creek in said county, and formerly belonged to William Raper, dec'd.—About one half of said land is cleared and in good order for cropping. There is a good dwelling-house and other necessary houses on said land. A credit of one year will be given the purchaser for one half the purchase money, and the balance in two years. A good title will be made to the purchaser, on giving bond with approved security, by John Holcombe, Jr. Trustee. January 30th, 1807. 3w
For Sale. AT Cumberland Court, on the 23d day of the present month, being court day, the subscriber will offer to the highest bidder, for cash, 30 1-2 Acres of Land, Lying half a mile below the courthouse, on the Buckingham road, and immedately opposite the tenement lately occupied by Samuel Adams; this tract was sold by me some time past as trustee to a deed executed by the Messrs. Deanes, to Joseph Gallego, esq. upon condition that no deed would be executed until the payment of the purchase money was made. Mr. Adams became the purchaser, and being unable to comply, and anxious to discharge the said debt, has requested me by a power duly executed on the 24th day of December last, to sell the same, and the proceeds in the first place to apply to the discharge of a bond now due, of his to the said Gallego, and the balance after deducting the necessary expenses, to place to the credit of a judgment in the county court of Powhatan, Gallego vs. Adams and others. Mr. E. W. Trent is authorised by me to attend to this business. M. B. POITIAUX. Feb. 5th, 1807. tds
Notice. THE creditors of Henry McClatchy, are requested to lodge their claims properly authenticated, with either of the subscribers, on or before the first of next month, as on Tuesday the 10th, prox. a final dividend of the estate will be made, by THOS. GILLIAT, Allan Pollok, Trustees. Feb. 6, 1807. t1M
FOR SALE AT S. PLEASANTS' BOOK STORE, HENNING'S New Virginia Justice, Containing the Duties of a Justice of Peace, &c. together with a variety of useful precedents, adapted to the laws now in force. Also, forms of conveyancing, such as deeds of bargain and sale, lease, and release, mortgage, trust, &c.
FOR SALE. My tract of Land, In Powhatan county, containing between nine hundred and a thousand acres, and lying within two miles of the courthouse, and on both sides of Fine creek. This tract of land would be sold entire, otherwise laid off in lots to suit purchasers. Any persons inclined to purchase, it is expected will first view the premises—any further description is deemed unnecessary. For terms apply to the subscriber, living on the premises. SAN. BASKERVILLE. Powhatan, Jan. 4th, 1807. tf
MAY be purchased on a long credit, and low terms, the TENEMENT On which the Subscriber lives, situated on Church-hill, within about one half mile of the Richmond market—Containing two acres of ground, well enclosed and highly improved. The buildings consist of a large and well constructed Dwelling House, Laundry, Kitchen, Dairy, Smoke-House, two Stores, Brick-Office, Coach-House, Barn, and Stable. All these buildings are well finished, and in complete order for the accommodation of a large and genteel family; who may have easy access to all the advantages of the city, and live as retired as they could wish. JOHN ELLIS. Dec. 29th, 1806. tf
THE PARTNERSHIP OF A. HEWES & CO. Dissolved the 31st of December, 1806 The business in future will be done by Job Greene, Who will discharge the debts due from the concern, and to whom those indebted will make payment. J. Greene. A. Hewes, Jun.
J. GREENE has removed from the store formerly occupied by Henry Toler, jun. & Co. where he will keep for sale, a general assortment of GROCERIES, &c. &c. January 1st, 1807. J. GREENE.
Marshal's Sales. WILL be SOLD, to the highest bidder, for ready money, under a decree of the court of the United States for the fifth circuit in the Virginia District, between Phineas Bond, attorney for the creditors of Ezekiel Edwards, plaintiff, and David Ross, and others, defendants—THREE Valuable Plantations, In the counties of Pittsylvania and Bedford, upon Staunton and Pigg rivers, stated in the deed of trust in the proceedings mentioned, to contain three thousand acres, more or less, but supposed to be considerably more extensive, comprehending all the lands that on the 5th day of June, 1795, belonged or appertained to the three plantations known by the name of the Mountain plantation, mouth of Pigg River plantation, and the Frying-Pan plantation. A more particular description of which will be given on the day of sale. The sale will take place at the Eagle-Tavern in the city of Richmond, on Tuesday the 24th day of February next. BENJ. MOSBY, D. M. for JOS. SCOTT, M. V. D. Jan. 8. eptds
M'CAY and COWAN, HAVE just received by the late arrivals from London, a large and fashionable assortment of WATCHES, with a variety of articles of JEWELLERY and SILVER WORK—Also, an assortment of WATCH MAKERS' TOOLS and MATERIALS—which with their former stock renders their assortment very general—all of which they offer at the lowest prices, for cash. Richmond October 9th, 1806. tf
WILL BE SOLD FOR CASH. On the 18th day of February, 1807, at the present residence of William Clarkson, in the county of Albemarle, a certain tract or parcel of LAND, Lying in the said county, adjoining the land of Benjamin Robertson, James Herring, Benjamin Dowell, Milly Dowell, and Patience Dowell, and containing by survey forty-six and three-quarter acres, being the land conveyed to the subscriber in trust by John Dowell, to secure the payment of a debt due from him to John Key & Co. and for the payment of which the land will be sold, by JULIUS CLARKSON, Trustee. Jan. 13, 1807. tds
THE FAMOUS IMPORTED HORSE, CITIZEN, Remarkable for his uncommon beauty and great strength; fifteen hands one inch high, so highly celebrated for his own, as well as his colts' bottom, will stand the ensuing season at my stable in Chesterfield county. The terms will be made known in due time. THOMAS GOODS. Jan. 28th, 1807. tf
Just received and for sale at this Office, War in Disguise Answer to War in Disguise An enquiry into the present state of the origin Relations of the union, &c. &c. The Literary Magazine and American Register, for October, 1806 The History of Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French The Revolutionary Plutarch, or Memoirs of the Bonaparte Family Carr's Stranger in Ireland, Stranger in France, and Northern Summer.
FOR SALE, 12 hds. sugar 30 bbls. do. 3000 lbs green coffee 10 hds Antigua rum 5 do. Windward Island do. 14 hds. N. E. rum 14 bbls. do 12 hds. molasses 8 casks Malaga wine 20 tiers & bbls. whisky 4 pipes apple brandy 15 bbls do do 12 crates Liverpool ware assorted 10 do stone do We have also on hand, Iron German, Crawley and Blistered Steel Trace & ground ginger Pepper Allspice FF & F powder Shot, assorted sizes French brandy Rice Cheese Wrought and cut nails, assorted sizes Snuff Glass ware, viz. 1-2 pt tumblers and decanters, assorted sizes Hats
Loaf sugar Tanners' & Linseed oil Nova Scotia grind stones Ground plaster in bbls Good manufactured tobacco by the keg, for retailing Tar Weeding hoes Nests woodware Bed cords, leading lines and twine Necklace Stone jugs, butter pots, chamber pots, wash basons, bake pans, churns, &c. &c. &c. We daily expect to receive, a quantity of Sherry Wine, Window Glass, Coperass and Alum, all of which articles, we will sell at a small advance, for cash, approved paper or country produce. Shapard & Lucke. Richmond May 8 1806.
For Sale, On the 2nd day of March next, upon the premises, between 500 and 600 Acres of Land, In the county of Bedford, on the waters of Otter river, equal, if not superior, to any high land in said county, on which is about 50 acres of fine Meadow Land, the greater part of which is reclaimed. Upon this land is a tolerable dwelling house and other convenient out houses.—Also, the stock of Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Hogs, Plantation Utensils, &c. &c. Terms of sale, one half cash, the balance in 12 months, or the purchasers giving bond with approved security, to carry interest from the date, if not punctually paid, with a lien on the premises to secure the balance of the payment. The last mentioned tract of land will be shown to any person desirous of purchasing the same, by Major Joel Leftwich, convenient thereto. EDWARD BOLLING. Goochland, 18th Dec. 1806. tds
NOTICE. THE property advertised in this paper by the subscriber, to be sold publicly in Goochland county, on the 17th instant, is postponed until further information—Meantime he is willing to treat for the same privately—Yet the property thereon, will certainly be sold, on the day and upon the terms expressed therein. EDWARD BOLLING. Feb. 6, 1807. tM2
Just Published and may be had at this Office, Reports of Cases ARGUED AND DETERMINED IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA: WITH SELECT CASES, Relating chiefly to Points of Practice, decided by the Superior Court of Chancery for the Richmond District. PART I. VOL. I. By WM. W. HENING & WM. MUNFORD.
To be Sold, To the highest bidder, for ready money, at the little store, in the lower end of Goochland county, on the Three-Notched road, on Thursday the 5th day of March next, if fair, if not, the next fair day, five likely young NEGROES, belonging to the estate of Hezekiah Priere, dec. This sale will certainly take place. ELLIS & HEZEKIAH PRIEREE, Ex'rs. Goochland, February 5, 1807. tds
The Richmond Academy, For Female Education, will be opened, in the house lately occupied by James Penn, Esq. on Monday, the 24th day of Feb. 1807, under the superintendence of Mrs. Anna Byrd,
WHO will herself, teach such pupils, as shall be entrusted to her care, to read and write English Grammaticaly, together with Arithmetic and Needle work. Her terms are one hundred and fifty dollars per annum, for board and lodging, including fire, candles and washing, and twenty dollars for tuition. The Rev. John D. Blair is appointed teacher of Geography and History. His compensation for each pupil, whom her parent or guardian may direct to be attended by him, is fifteen dollars per annum. The said sums are payable quarterly in advance. The utmost attention will be paid to the morals of the young Ladies received into the Academy, as well as to their improvement in science. Other persons will be employed, so soon as the number and progress of the scholars shall render it expedient, to teach the French and Italian languages, the principles of Natural and Moral Philosophy and Natural History, Music, Dancing and Drawing;—of which notice will in due time be given to the public by The Trustee. Richmond, Jan. 27th, 1807. wtf
We have lately received, FOR SALE,
15 boxes cotton & wool cards do. 4 tons castings assorted, viz. pots, ovens, skillets, spiders, and irons, teakettles and waggon boxes 350 sacks salt 100 bbls cut herrings 30 do whole do 15 do shad 40 bbls Spanish indigo 15 bbls nutmegs 100 pr men's fine shoes 50 do coarse do 500 lbs Glauber salts
To the Public. THE Subscriber has removed to an house near the upper end of the Town on the Street leading from the Capitol square. He continues to practise law in all the Superior Courts held in the City of Richmond, and also in the District Court of Bruns-wick. His Clients may rely on his utmost assiduity and attention to the business entrusted to his care. WM. MUNFORD.