The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1809-10-03 00:00:00

Dundas to take his passage for Europe. The government attempted to detain him, and had suspended several of the officers who had concurred with him.
While Cobett is so justly exposed all over the kingdom for his malice and profligacy in causing a court-martial to be assembled, from which he, though the prosecutor, and solemnly pledged and sworn to make good his charges, absconded, we think too little notice is taken of his current disaffection and treachery. It is true, their effects are dulcified by a very considerable infusion of folly, and are more contemptible and ridiculous on the one hand, than still as, since his detection, it is probable, that his readers consist only of the lowest and most ignorant classes, it is incumbent upon the public press to undeceive and instruct them.
The tone and stile of the detected impostor are as much worthy of serious animadversion, as his false, and impudent and more than seditious assertions and doctrines. They are exclusively calculated for the gross and most illiterate capacities, and their evident design is to inflame the ignorant, by pretending to intimidate and threaten his Majesty's government, the hierarchy, all the orders of the state, and every man of character and property in the empire. In one word, he so evidently counts a prosecution, in order to restore the circulation of his sedition, by the natural interest and curiosity it would awaken, that we are at times almost inclined to hope, that he will be suffered to go on unmolested, and unnoticed with that just contempt and animadversion of the press, which has already disarmed his impure jaws of the worst of his poisons; while they offer the best antidote to the effect of them in those societies which are still weak or profligate enough to read him.
MRS. CLARKE.
Having given Col. Wardle's letter to the public, we conceive it proper to give Mrs. Clarke's answer to it, though it throws no new light upon the subject, except in referring to Mr. Wardle's servants as able to prove the truth of her evidence on the recent trial. This reference to the servants, which Mrs. Clarke must be too prudent to make without foundation, can leave no doubt as to the conduct of Col. Wardle, and puts the finishing stroke to his reputation.
MRS. CLARKE, to the People of the United Kingdom.
Honored as my testimony before the house of commons has been, with the confidence of the country at large, and sanctioned as my evidence has been, in a recent instance, by a jury of my countrymen, I feel myself called upon (after affording time for the most deliberate reflection,) to address you in consequence of a circumstance which has arisen out of the cause in which Mr. Wright, an upholsterer, was plaintiff, Col. Wardle defendant, and Mr. Daniel Wright, brother of the plaintiff, and myself, were witnesses. In this case it is well known, that Col. Wardle was cast, to the satisfaction of every honest tradesman, and indeed, of every body in the court. The detail of evidence the public prints will afford. As far as regards my testimony, these details are somewhat inaccurate, but they are sufficiently correct to have enabled the public to strengthen this verdict with an almost universal approbation.
Colonel Wardle, inflated by a popularity, the extent of which was as unexpected, as it will be found to have been undeserved, had vainly flattered himself, that this same popularity would protect him against the justice of his country. Disappointed at the verdict, he has lost his prudence with his temper; and, without giving himself time for reflection, has made an unusual appeal to the people of the united kingdom, against the verdict of a jury. As an excuse for this almost unprecedented circumstance, he has stated, that his counsel, notwithstanding his earnest entreaty, repeated to them in writing during the trial, in the strongest terms, did not comply with his request to examine Major Dodd, Mr. Glennie, and others. However he may vapour about these witnesses out of court, even Col. Wardle will hesitate before he ventures to subject them to an examination upon oath, whilst the written documents exist, which will inculpate more exalted persons, and shake the very foundation of his own ephemeral popularity. Col. Wardle is not ignorant of the reasons which may have induced the suppression of the written testimony, that would have undeniably corroborated my evidence. Colonel Wardle knows, that Mr. Wright's servants, as well as others, can prove every syllable that I have sworn. Col. Wardle has been too full of himself, and too imprudent not to have made many unnecessary confidences of his intentions and promises. I dare say the evidence of Major Dodd and Mr. Glennie would have been founded in truth; it would, therefore, have been madness in Col. Wardle to have examined them and he knows this. Major Dodd heard my evidence; he could have contradicted me upon the spot, if I had been wrong; and is there any reason to suppose, that he would have had any scruple to have sworn to the truth, if that truth could have contradicted me? Is any one such a fool as to believe that?—but in this case the Major must have spoken the whole truth, and nothing but the truth—as the attorney general said, his presence or his absence, equally supported Mr. Wright's case. I do not pretend to know anything about law, but I know what is common sense, which I think is more than Col. Wardle appears to know. If he had been content to throw the blame of his failure upon his counsel, it would have been no business of mine—they are able to defend themselves; but to be charged with a crime so disgraceful, so low, so contemptible, and by a person too, who, all men, best knows how abhorrent my nature is from any thing like falsehood; to be charged, I say, with perjury, by Col. Wardle, is really too bad; I understand great stress has been laid by Col. Wardle and some of his partisans, upon a letter which I wrote to him in the month of May last, upon the subject of the engagements and promises made to me prior to that investigation, and this letter is said to have occasioned his determination not to see me any more.
Why! Col. Wardle called the same day after he had received the letter, and I would not see him; being determined to have no further communication with him, except in writing. Col. Wardle will recollect the conversation he had with my servant upon the subject of this letter; and the appointment he made with her to meet him at 7 o'clock that evening, at the chapel door: Fortunately, I have a copy of that letter, and so little am I disposed to conceal any thing, I may either have said or written, that if this
intimation does not compel Col. Wardle to do me the justice of giving this letter to the public, and no longer to shelter his unmanly insinuations under the cloak of delicacy, I will myself publish it. It only remains for me to declare, before God and my Country, that the evidence I gave was strictly true; and that my intimacy with Colonel Wardle merely related to my evidence and his promises;—most anxiously, therefore, do I look forward to the period when this futility of Col. Wardle's attempts to prove the contrary to be the fact, will recoil upon himself and others, and only strengthen the claims which I have to public confidence in my veracity. I trust that till then, the public will suspend their judgment upon Colonel Wardle's intemperate accusation. Altho' it may not be equally proper in me, as in Col. Wardle, to state the gratitude, the respect I feel for the public approbation of such parts of my conduct as admitted of that approbation; yet I hope it is not denied, even to me, to express the anguish of mind I should endure, if upon such an occasion, and such a manner, I had really deserved their disapprobation.
I have the honor to be, with great respect, MARY ANNE CLARKE. Westburn-place, July 15, 1809.
July 17.—Mr. Curwen has, by some late agricultural experiments, thrown considerable light on the theory of vegetables. The opening of the land by the plough, he has discovered, is attended with another benefit (hitherto unnoticed), than that of merely allowing the extension of the roots in the soil thus loosened; it promotes, in dry seasons, the evaporation of much moisture from the earth, and thereby creates for the plants a pabulum, which absorbed by their leaves, renders them in a high degree luxuriant & productive. The mode of depositing manure is made subservient to this discovery, by equally good crops being produced with a less quantity of it.
AMSTERDAM, July 22.—The French ambassador made it known yesterday, by an official communication, that no American citizen would be admitted into France, after the first day of August next, unless furnished with original passports, taken by them in the United States. Passports from American agents in Europe, (ministers or consuls) would not avail, and the original passports from the United States were to be re-validated by the American agents abroad, and afterwards legalized by the French authorities, in the places through which they may pass.
Extract of a letter from Liverpool, dated Aug. 9th, 1809.
The fate of Austria seems decided. On the 7th ult. a decisive victory was gained by the French; on the 12th, an Armistice was concluded; indeed it appears by recent accounts from the Continent that a treaty of Peace had actually been signed. Be this as it may, no further resistance on the part of Austria appears probable; therefore the influence of France in the North of Europe will remain undiminished; indeed in the expectation thereof the value of the exports of the Baltic is already materially enhanced. The ports of Sweden still remain open to the British, but the general expectation is that they will be shut towards the close of the present year. Notwithstanding the reverses that the Austrians have met with, the British expedition has sailed for the purpose of accomplishing what was originally intended, viz; the making of a descent upon the opposite coast and the destruction of the vessels of war as well in ordinary as upon the stocks; no official intelligence has been received of the operations of this armament, but private accounts announce its arrival off the Dutch coast, and indeed the surrender of Flushing, and the whole of the Island of Walcheren. Nothing has yet transpired from which the ulterior object of this expedition can be ascertained, but a great variety of conjectures are hazarded upon the subject. The political situation of America with respect to this country is again considered precarious, from the circumstance of its being understood that the President is empowered to put the non-intercourse act in force, provided circumstances should in his opinion render it politic; this having been adopted as a precautionary measure, previous to its being known that the arrangements made by Mr. Erskine had been refused the concurrence of our government, it is conceived that on intelligence to that effect reaching America, sensations inimical to the preservation of a good understanding would be produced; indeed this impression has become more general since the appearance of the correspondence between Mr. Smith and Mr. Erskine, in the month of June; for the ratification of the arrangements made by the latter, appear the disappointment produced by the knowledge of the fact, is likely to be greater. In this state of uncertainty, and as it is conceived probable that circumstances may again occur to produce an interruption in the commercial communication between the two countries, American produce is sought after with great avidity; for the consumers bearing in mind the high rates at which they were obliged to purchase during the continuance of the embargo, appear determined to be prepared for the recurrence of events which might tend to diminish our supplies, and are therefore buying very freely at advanced prices. So long as the public mind is kept in suspense, we look for a gradual advance in the prices; for notwithstanding that the import of most articles has been considerable, the demand seems to have kept pace therewith. Flour, best 50 shillings and 6d.—Cotton, (Upland) best, 1s. 1-2.—Sea-Island fine 2s. 2d. 1-2.
Brig Juno, Page, from Salem, bound to Palermo, was captured 28th May, by a French privateer; and soon after re-captured by a British vessel, and taken to her port of destination.—Balt. Fed. Gaz.
Since the Pope issued his Bull against Bonaparte, his holiness was arrested; supposed to be ordered for Paris. Letters by the Kite mention, that he was carried through a village near Leghorn, guarded by two gens d'armes, accompanied by a Priest.—Ib.
NEW YORK, Sept. 27. LATEST LONDON NEWS.
Last evening arrived at this port, the fast sailing ship Oliver Ellsworth, Capt. Sketchley, in 42 days from Liverpool, which port she left on the 13th of August. Captain S. has furnished the editor of the Mercantile Advertiser with London papers and Lloyd's List, to the evening of the 10th of August inclusive, (3 days later than our former advices from England.) Our London paper of the 10th states that no intelligence had been received of the surrender of Flushing; nor do our papers contain any account of any late battles in Spain.
The following articles are all we find in our London papers worth extracting:
LONDON, Aug. 8. A formal intimation has lately been given to the Americans at Paris, that the government of the United States must soon determine to join the French or the British in the war, as it would no longer be possible to maintain a neutrality between the two belligerent powers.
August 9.
No official accounts have been received from the isle of Walcheren since Sunday; but dispatches announcing the surrender of Flushing, are hourly expected. It appears, however, from some private letters, that the commander in chief was resolved not to delay the execution of the other points of his plan, until the fall of that place. Part of the force which had not debarked on the 2d, but remained at anchor in the Veer Gat, has proceeded up the East Scheldt. Should our armament thus divided in the two branches of this river, overcome all intermediate obstacles, it will unite before Antwerp in an attack upon that city.—Antwerp is considered to be very strong, and the port contains at present a great number of men of war, including several sail of the line. If Flushing has been able to hold out a few days, we may expect a very formidable resistance at Antwerp, for the defence of which we may presume the enemy has made every possible preparation.
No further official dispatches had arrived from the Expedition at a late hour this morning.—The date of the last is on the evening of Saturday last.—The Commandant of Flushing is General Moncey, and the garrison is said to be composed entirely of French troops—they amount to 4000 men. The siege of this place, whether it be protracted or not, will not delay the ulterior operations. The troops are all to go through the Slough; and the men of war, it is said, can pass Flushing without any great danger, even though it should not have surrendered. Lord Rosslyn's, General Grosvenor's and the Marquis of Huntly's divisions, are reported to be already in the West Scheldt. The project is stated by some to be to land the troops near Antwerp, but we should rather suppose that they will be marched along one of the banks of the Scheldt, whilst our ships of the line, frigates, gun boats and bomb vessels proceed up the river. The 6 sail of the line which were at Flushing are stated to be moored across the Scheldt, from fort Lillo to fort Licksenshoeck—in front of the ships of the line is a flotilla of gun-boats. But we rather imagine, that of the ships that were at Flushing, three sail of the line grounded on the sand off South Beveland, and have not been got off. These, we should suppose, will first fall into our hands. The naval obstacles in the Scheldt to Antwerp, will no doubt be overcome by the superior skill, valor, and decision of our Seamen. Many of the forts on the banks of the Scheldt have been long destroyed. Fort Frederick on the left Bank is in ruins, as well as Fort Saint Phillip. Fort Louis and Fort Saint Mary on the right Bank, are also in ruins. The present forts are, Forts Lillo, Licksenshoeck, and Perle. At the entrance of the Scheldt, leading to Antwerp, there is a fort on the left, called Fort St. Martin. None of the forts, we should suppose are likely to make a very long resistance against our heavy ships, and our large force of artillery, with an immense train of heavy battering cannon. The horses for the battering train sailed some days ago.
We are heartily glad to find that the town of Middleburgh surrendered without being bombarded. If it be like any of the other considerable towns of the Dutch provinces, it abounds with streets of houses as large and as handsome as ours about Grosvenor square and rather fresher with respect to external appearance. It is only like the villages. All this being the produce of hard and long continued industry, it would be lamentable to hear of its destruction. Middleburgh must indeed be a rich town, for it was long a principal mart for F. and W. India produce, and contained the Chambers that governed those trades. There can be no doubt that when this place shall be rendered a depot for British manufactures and colonial produce, it will not only be immensely valuable as a means of giving them circulation upon the Continent, but will be able to pay, by easy duties, for the expense of garrisoning it.
We congratulate the public on the prosperous and successful commencement of the military and naval operations, undertaken on the opposite shores of Holland. Nor do we desire to damp the general satisfaction, by any animadversions or reflections, calculated to diminish, or to detract from the importance of the service, and its utility. However meanly we profess to think of the talents, information or measures of the present administration; however culpable and even criminal, we consider them, in not having concentrated their means of attack, and applied them to one point, instead of dispersing them all over Europe; however, it is to be regretted, that the present expedition was not sent before the subjection of Austria, instead of subsequent to it; nevertheless, we readily embrace any occasion of commending their intentions, even when we most condemn their actions. Even though the power of the Austrian family and monarchy should, as we too much apprehend will happen, be crushed and overturned—though Trieste and Fiume should be swallowed up in the territories of France, and every possible means of sending succours by sea to Francis the Second be henceforward precluded—yet may the continent be electrified and recovered, if we can conquer and can retain, the Province of Zealand. In fact, by the possession of that insular, maritime and projecting portion of the Low Countries, we become a continental state, occupying that part of the German ocean, intersecting & dissevering France from Holland, commanding the mouths of the Scheldt and of the Maese, overhanging the Netherlands, and formidable from our vicinity to the Usurper, whose capital is on the Seine. We do not hesitate to assert, that if we can garrison the seven principal Islands that constitute Zealand, Napoleon's throne may yet be subverted, and all his gigantic projects of invasion from Flushing and from Antwerp, will dissolve. But it is not by any temporary occupation, or predatory expedition—it is not by merely destroying his fleets, or burning his dock yards and arsenals, that we can check his progress;—we must hold Zealand, as we hold Kent and Essex, in defiance of his armies, and his flotillas and his utmost force. It may be so held. We mean the Islands from Voorn to Cadsand inclusive, because they are all separated, though by narrow channels, from the main land. The danger of frost is not such as to prevent it. Did we not, during the late war, occupy the little rocks or islands of St. Marcou,
scarcely separated from the coast of Normandy, for successive years?—To this subject we shall return; but we wish previously to know that Flushing has surrendered, and to form some opinion upon the ulterior plans and intentions of Administration, in their present enterprise against Zealand.
An article dated Tarragona, the 7th ult. announces the receipt of letters from Lord Collingwood stating, that the combined Sicilian and English army, to the amount of 18,000 men, had landed at Salerno.—Salerno is a town with a good harbor, about 26 miles E. S. E. of Naples. The Toulon fleet lately manifested a disposition to put to sea, but its fears prevailed, and it remained in port.
Orders have very properly been given to prepare hospitals, at Deal and Ramsgate, for 1,500 sick and wounded; this is intended as a precautionary only, 150 of the latter being the utmost number at present expected from the Dutch coast.
The ship, called the Dominica Packet, has lately returned from Liverpool, from South America; where she had been seventy miles up the river, to the Port of Para, being the first British vessel that ever entered there. The Commander fired a salute upon entering the port, which was answered by mutual salutes of inhabitants on the shores rejoicing, and the ladies from the windows of the houses, waving their handkerchiefs, and exclaiming—"Long live the English," &c. &c. On the Super-cargo of the vessel's going on shore, he was received with all the pomp of an Indian Prince; numbers of women preceded him in grand procession, strewing flowers, and every demonstration of joy was manifested. In this fertile country, cows are sold for five dollars.
Extracts of letters from officers on the expedition, dated "East Scheldt, Aug. 3."
The division which landed here met with no opposition on their landing, owing to so many attacks being made on the Island at the same time. Every town in Walcheren is taken except Flushing, which we are at this moment bombarding; but as we are informed Gen. Moncey has thrown himself into the place, with 4,900 men, there is a probability that it will hold out to the last—that, however, cannot be long; neither shall we wait for it before we proceed to other operations. Lord Rosslyn's division proceeds up the river this day in transports; they are directed to debark about 12 miles from Antwerp; there we expect hot work, but are anxious to get on shore, to share and promote the glory of our country. The troops are in higher spirits, and better condition, if possible, than when we sailed from the chalky cliffs of Britain. The 71 Regiment took Cannere by storm."
LONDON, August 9.—A messenger has sailed with dispatches for Constantinople, and these, it is said, are to direct Mr. Adair to solicit permission of the Sublime Porte, to let one or two of the most important parts of the Greek Islands be garrisoned by British troops.
Yesterday a Cabinet Council was held at the Duke of Portland's house, which was attended by Lords Mulgrave, Westmoreland, Castlereagh and Harrowby, Mr. Canning and Mr. Percival, and sat from two till six o'clock. At its rising, Mr. Mills, the Messenger, was sent to Deal to embark in a fast sailing cutter, with dispatches for the Earl of Chatham, and Sir R. Strachan.
Plymouth, August 7.—Came in, the Arethusa 38, capt. Mends, from Corunna, last from Falmouth. By her it is learnt, that the Marquis de Romana was near Corunna, with 15,000 men, in good spirits, well armed and accoutred. Three frigates were fitted out at Ferrol, to be sent on a cruise; and it is said, the line of battle ships are to be rigged with jury masts, and sent round to Cadiz from Ferrol for safety.
"OFF WALCHEREN, Aug. 4."
The fortress of Cannere stood a furious bombardment before it surrendered; many houses are damaged, one completely burnt by Congreve's Rockets. The island is beautiful, though the weather is very bad, which prevents our seeing it to advantage. It is reported, that the duke d'Abrautes is marching towards Antwerp with 30,000 men.—We are going to join Lord Gardner, in an attack upon Flushing; the land batteries were opened yesterday evening. I could observe the town on fire, and from the mast head, the smoke is very visible.
The French fleet are run up towards Antwerp, I fear out of our reach at present.—Our small gun-boats did great execution, only two men were killed on board them. The Royals stormed a battery in a most glorious style."
LONDON, August 10. TWENTY-NINTH BULLETIN.
We have received Paris papers to the 31st last, containing the 29th bulletin of the French army in Germany. It is dated Vienna, July 22, at which time Bonaparte was in that city or its vicinity, at Schoenbrunn. The report in the German papers of his having set out on the 15th, on his return to Paris, is thus officially contradicted, nor is that event likely soon to take place; if, as appears, from the French papers, he means to defer his departure until the final settlement of a treaty of peace between him & the emperor of Austria.—If we may judge from the slowness with which the armistice of Znaim is carried into effect, this final adjustment will occupy a considerable time. Of the occupation of Pressburg, in conformity with the stipulations of the armistice, we were already in possession; but the fortress of Gratz, in Stiria, which was to be surrendered on the 16th, we find was not occupied so late as the 21st, and an expectation only is expressed that Marshal Macdonald, who had set out to take possession of that place, would enter it on the 22d. The state of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg, sufficiently accounts for the delay in the complete execution of the stipulations, without presuming any difficulties or indisposition on the part of Austria. Had our expedition arrived in good time, it might indeed have infused some spirit into her councils, and encouraged her to assume a tone of independence; but the utmost we can now expect is, that it may operate as a quicker upon the negotiation for peace, and induce Bonaparte to yield any remaining points that may be full under consideration at the time of the arrival of our troops at Holland. It is stated in an article dated Vienna, the 15th, that the plenipotentiaries were to meet at Brunn, and that General Androssi and prince John of Lichtenstein were the persons appointed. From the Bulletin, however, we are led to conclude, that the negotiation is carried on at Vienna, by Prince John, who communicates with the emperor of Austria at Buda, and Champagne, who acts under the immediate instruction of Bonaparte at Schoenbrunn.
The Austrian official account of the battle of Wagram has at length made its appearance; and is stated in articles from Dresden, to be conformable in the most essential
points with the French Bulletins. We are sorry to find that the Archduke Charles and Prince John of Lichtenstein were both wounded. It concludes thus:
"The Austrian army has sustained a vast loss. It is deprived, by the death of General Norman, of an officer of the most distinguished merit. No hopes are entertained of the recovery of Generals Vescay, d'Aspre, dangerously wounded, are the Prince of Hesse Hombourg, Gens. Stutterham & Parr, & his wife, with the prince of Lichtenstein received, et musket wounds, which will not however, be attended with any serious consequences."
The Paris papers contain intelligence from Madrid of so recent a date as the 20th ult. at which date it does not appear that Joseph Bonaparte entertained any apprehension of being forced to evacuate the capital.
According to the most recent accounts, public and private from Spain, it appears that Victor and Sebastiani have united their forces near Toledo, where they will probably make a stand. Their amount is variously stated, between 35,000 and 36,000 men. The combined British and Spanish armies are estimated at 104,000 exclusive of eight thousand from Portugal and an English regiment on its march from Gibraltar expected to join Sir Arthur Wellesley. It was marching for Madrid in three divisions as follows:—The left consisting of 26,000 including 5000 cavalry, under Sir Arthur Wellesley, north of the Tagus; The centre consisting of 52,000, including 12,000 cavalry, under Cuesta, along the Tagus; and the right, amounting to 26,000 under Venegas, along the south of the Tagus through the mountains of Toledo.
No accounts had been received from the Scheldt when this paper was put to press, but as the wind had shifted to the Eastward, advices may be hourly expected. Several vessels, principally victualling transports, sailed yesterday to join the expedition.
Sir Sidney Smith arrived yesterday at Portsmouth from the Brazils in the Diana frigate, after a passage of eleven weeks.
PRICE OF STOCKS THIS DAY, AT ONE O' CLOCK. Consols 68 71 84, Reduced 68 17 48, Long Annuities 18 7 8, Omnium 1 1/2 prem.
TWENTY-NINTH BULLETIN.
VIENNA, July 22.—Generals Durosel & Foulders, have returned to the head quarters. All our surmises with respect to the fate of the former have proved erroneous. He was not wounded, and had no horse killed under him; but as he was coming back from carrying to the Duke of Montebello the order for concentrating his movement, on account of the destruction of the bridges, on the 22d May, he crossed a hollow where he found 25 hussars, whom he fancied formed one of our out-posts. He did not perceive they were Austrians, until they had made him their prisoner. As we had been so long without hearing from him, as well as from other probable reasons, we thought he had been killed.
The Col. of division Regnier has taken the command of the Saxony, and occupies Presburg.
Marshal Macdonald is gone to take possession of the citadel of Gratz, which it is expected he will enter to day.
The Marshal Duke of Ragusa encamps with his corps on the heights of Krems.
His Imperial Majesty passes his guards in review every morning. The vehicles and foot grenadiers of the Italian guards are remarkable for their excellent order.
Prince John de Lichtenstein, on his return from Buda, was presented on the 18th inst. to his Imperial Majesty. He was bearer of a letter from the Emperor of Austria.
Count Bubna, Maj. Gen. and aid-de-Camp to the Emperor of Austria, has dined several times with Count Champagne.
The commercial boats which the events of the war had scattered in various directions, have been collected and repaired on the banks of the Danube. They come every day laden with wood, vegetables, corn and flour. The whole army is encamped.
By a decree dated from the Imperial Camp at Schoenbrunn, July 18th, His Majesty has named cols. Duperroux, of the 11th regiment, Kezinowski of the 2d regiment of the Vistula, Dalgremon, of the 13th regiment of cuirassiers, Saint Cyr Nogues, chief of the staff of the third corps of the army in Spain; Haza, commandant of the Engineers belonging to the same corps; Devallens, of the fourth regiment of hussars, and Meyer aid-de-camp to General Suchet, officers of the Legion of Honor; and Lieutenants Feucheres, Deslombes, and Ricoux, privates of the Legion of Honor.
By the same decree, the Emperor has ordered the distribution of nine seven decorations of the Legion of Honor among the regiments belonging to the third corps of the army of Spain, which distinguished themselves most in the battles of Sarragossa and Belchite."
VIENNA, July 15.—It is stated that the French and Austrian Plenipotentiaries, who are to conclude and sign the treaty of peace, will meet at Brunn; and Gen. Count Androssi, and Prince Lichtenstein, are pointed out as the persons entrusted with that important mission. Nothing has yet transpired of the negotiations which have already taken place. It is only remarked, that the greatest activity prevails in the office of Count Champagne, Minister for foreign affairs. His excellency repairs every day to Schoenbrunn, and spends several hours with his Imperial Majesty.
Many promotions have taken place in the army. We are told that his Majesty has presented the cross of the Legion of Honor to General Narbonne, Governor of Raab.
Gen. Matthieu Dumas fills the office of Chief of the army under the command of Major General the Prince of Neufchatel.
Three days after the battle of Wagram, the following order of the day was published:
Head quarters, Wolkersdorf, July 9.
"The day of Enzersdorf and the decisive battle of Wagram, have crowned with success the most complete, and the most glorious for our armies, the great enterprise which their tails and preceding battles had prepared. The enemy has lost an immense number of standards, 60 pieces of cannon, and 25,000 prisoners. The field of action is covered with his dead, and all the neighboring villages are filled with his wounded."
His Imperial Majesty expresses his approbation of the conduct of the whole army.
"The artillery by their vigorous attacks, the engineers, pontoniers and sailors, as well by the rapidity with which they fixed the bridges under the fire of the enemy, as by the immense labours through which, in

few days, they have secured the passage of the army over the last arm of the Danube and the Islands, raised entrenchments, and opened roads for our troops, have greatly contributed to the fortunate results of the battles of Enzersdorf and Wagram. The Emperor also expresses his approbation of their conduct.
(Signed)
ALEXANDER, Major-Gen.
July 13.—At the present moment when part of the army goes into cantonments, and the other is about to encamp, it is thought proper to give as much publicity as possible to the following order of the day, dated from the Imperial head quarters at Wolkersdorf:
"The approach of the harvest, and the necessity of renewing our resources, require that the greatest attention should be paid to the preservation of the ripened corn, and that proper measures be taken to secure its produce. A rigorous observance of the regulation of the 8th of June is alone able to protect the persons and property of the inhabitants of the country. The severe examples which have been made, and even the last acts of mercy of the emperor, have revealed to the army his first intention of putting an end to devastations of the most critical and dangerous nature which have taken place. The Marshals and Generals in Chief shall once more prohibit the foraging in the fields where the corn is ripe. They shall take care that no village or field be set on fire. They shall recall to their habitations, and take under their protection, the country people who cannot cease to fear, and resume their useful labours, until all the soldiers of the army, no longer blind to their own interest, shall observe the strictest discipline and succeed by their conduct to inspire every husbandman with confidence."
(Signed)
ALEXANDER, "Prince of Neufchatel."
The division of the army commanded by the Duke of Ragusa shall in future, be designated the Eleventh Corps, that of Marshal Oudinot continues to be called the Second Corps, as it was whilst under the command of the late Duke of Montebello.
July 17.
The emperor visited yesterday the field of battle of Wagram. His Majesty was struck with grief at the deplorable state to which the fire of both armies has reduced the neighboring villages; and, it is said, ordered every possible assistance to be afforded to their inhabitants. A new demand for lint and rags has been made to the citizens of Vienna. Too many praises cannot be allowed on the ladies of that city, for their zeal and humanity in obeying, and even anticipating the injunctions of the Government, for the relief of the wounded. The greatest part of the army is about to encamp, and they already begin to build barracks for the Imperial guard. The negotiations proceed, and the little information that transpires, although by no means authentic, is sufficient to dispel every apprehension of the renewal of hostilities. Many necessary and considerable sacrifices, on the part of Austria, are mentioned; but they are the price of peace, which can only be obtained and secured through them. It is also stated that the Emperor Francis agrees to send 60,000 men to join the French army in an expedition against Turkey; but this is merely a rumor, which wants confirmation.
PARIS, July 29.
The Prince of Ponte Corvo arrived here two days ago.
In conformity to the orders contained in the letter of his Majesty the emperor and king, dated July 13, from his Imperial camp at Znaim, in Moravia, and addressed to the Israelitish Consistory at Paris, by his excellency the Minister for Divine Worship, on Sunday next, the 30th inst. prayers and thanksgivings will be afforded to the Most High, in the Jewish Temple of the street St. Avoie, for the victories of Enzersdorf and Wagram, in which the God of Armies has so evidently fought with the warrior of France.
July 30.
His Majesty has ordered an immediate stop to be put to the reprisals lately decreed against the subjects of the Dey of Algiers, as the Dey has given satisfaction for his conduct towards Mr Dubois Thainville, and the Frenchmen in his dominions. In consequence the sequestration laid on his vessels & goods is raised.
His Majesty also revives the decree of September 16, 1808, relative to colonial produce coming through Holland, and which had been annulled by the Decree of the 19th June last. No colonial produce coming through Holland shall therefore be admitted on the territory of the French Empire, whatever be the mode of its importation, or the certificates with which it is attended.
MUNSTER, July 22.—His majesty the King of Westphalia is expected at Hanover, which place General Reubell entered the 19th inst. at the head of 6000 Westphalian troops.
CASSEL, July 22.—His Majesty has organized, by a late decree, a battalion of national guards composed of eight companies, one of which is to consist of grenadiers, and another of chasseurs containing each 154 effective men, officers included.
DOVER, August 7.—Yesterday, about seven o'clock in the evening, a privateer was seen to carry off a very fine ship under American colours, which was going at the bank of the Goodwin Sands; another ship at the same time ran for the Downs; a ketch was also in company, but it coming dark we lost sight of her; no cruisers were to be seen.
AUGSBURG, July 30.—Certain intelligence has reached us, that after the departure of the Duke of Ragusa, the Austrians almost instantly again took possession of a part of Lower Styria; but the province will, by virtue of the Armistice of Znaim, be shortly given up to the French troops. It essentially contributes, at the present moment by its fertility, to the supply of Lower Austria and particularly of Vienna, with provisions. Graz, the capital, is one of the most important towns belonging to the Austrian monarchy. Marshal Macdonald's corps has been ordered to take up cantonments in the province.
MUNICH, July 22.—Although the Austrian Major Leimer, who commands the insurgents of the Tyrol, was informed of the armistice of Znaim, he had, on the 17th, the audacity to make a general attack upon the positions of the Bavarian General Count d'Arco. He gained and kept possession for an hour of the town of Muran, but was at length defeated, and driven into the mountains with considerable loss.
Boston, Sept. 26.
On Sunday last, the brig Davis , arrived at Gloucester, from Cadiz, which she left on the 28th July. Capt. Davis states, that as he was about coming off, at noon, on the 28th, he called
upon his merchant, Mr. Pendigras, who observed that he was just about to write him a note, to inform him, that news had just been received by express, from Madrid, that a grand engagement had taken place between the combined armies and the French, in which the latter were defeated.
By the arrival at Gloucester, the Spanish Consul, in this town, has received Seville Gazettes to the 26th of July, and, we understand, letters to the 28th: but they do not and could not contain any news of the battle.— Reporter .
CONFIRMATION.
Yesterday the brig Governor Sumner , Capt. Hilliard, from Alicante, last from Gibraltar, which she left on the 8th of August, arrived in this port. Capt. Hilliard brings Gibraltar papers containing confirmation of the news of a victory over the division of the French, commanded by Marshal Victor, consisting of 40,000 men. The first account received from Seville, by Cadiz, at Gibraltar, on the 4th, was transmitted by an officer on the field of battle, and stated that Victor was defeated after a bloody engagement, in which the English lost from 4 to 5,000 killed, and two general officers. The battle was near Talavera de la Reyna, 53 miles S. W. of Madrid. The same day (the 4th) an express arrived, confirming the above, and adding that Victor had surrendered with 18,000 men.
It is true that there was firing along the coast of Spain and at Gibraltar, in consequence of the victory, and capt. Hilliard says that no person doubted the fact. The other divisions of the French had not joined Victor. The report was, that Cuesta's army did not engage until the victory was certain. No account of Madrid's being retaken.— Id.
The 25th Bulletin, from the German papers , was mutilated.—The interesting introduction to it was omitted.—Having since seen extracts from London Prints, we hasten to supply this omission.—After this introduction, the Bulletin runs on where the German prints made it begin; "Passage across the arm of the Danube to the Island Lobau."— Eng.
WOLKERSDORF, July 8.
The works raised by Gen. Count Bertrand, and the corps he commands, had, since the beginning of the month, entirely subdued the Danube. His Majesty instantly resolved to collect his forces in the island of Lobau, open upon the Austrian army, and bring on a general engagement. It was not because the position of the French army was not a very fine one at Vienna. Master of the whole right bank of the Danube, having in his power Austria, and a considerable portion of Hungary, he enjoyed the greatest plenty. If some difficulties had been experienced in providing subsistence for the people of Vienna, this arose from an ill-organized administration, from embarrassments which were every day diminishing, and from difficulties which were naturally produced by the situation in which the country was placed, in a land in which the trade in corn is an exclusive privilege of the government. But how could the troops continue to be separated from the hostile army by a canal of three or four hundred toises in breadth, when the means of passing over had been prepared & secured? This would have given credibility to the impostures which the enemy had scattered, with so great profusion, throughout his own and neighboring countries: this would have cast a doubt over the occurrences at Essling; and would finally, have authorised the supposition of there being, in fact, a substantial equality between armies so different; of which one was animated and in some measure reinforced by multiplied successes and victories, while the other was dispirited by the most striking reverses.
All the intelligence collected concerning the Austrian army shews, that it was considerable; that it had been recruited by numerous bodies of reserve, by the levies from Moravia and Hungary, and by all the Landwehr of the provinces; that its cavalry had been remounted by requisitions in all the Circles, and its draughts of artillery tripled by immense levies of horses and carriages, in Moravia, Hungary, and Bohemia.—To add new chances in their favor, the Austrian generals had raised military works, of which the right was protected by Gros-Aspern, and the left by Enzersdorf, and the intervals between them were covered by redoubts, surrounded by palisades & frizes, and defended by more than 150 pieces of battering cannon, taken from the fortresses of Bohemia and Moravia.
It was inconceivable how the Emperor, with his experience in war, could think of attacking works so powerfully defended, backed by an army estimated at 200,000 men, as well troops of the line as militia and new raised levies, and who were supported by 800 or 900 pieces of field artillery. It appeared more simple to throw some fresh bridges over the Danube, a few leagues lower down, and thus render useless the field of battle prepared by the enemy. But in this latter case it was not thought practicable to avert the inconveniences which had already nearly proved fatal to the army and to succeed, in the course of two or three days, in protecting these new bridges from the machines of the enemy.
On the other side the Emperor was tranquil. Works were raised upon works in the Island of Lobau; and several bridges on piles, and several rows of stocoadoes, were fixed at the same place.
This situation of the French army, placed between these two great difficulties, had not escaped the enemy. He was aware that his army too numerous and unwieldy, would be exposed; but at the same time, he believed that it was impossible to dislodge him, from the central position in which he covered Bohemia, Moravia, and a part of Hungary. It is true that this position did not cover Vienna, and that the French were in possession of this capital. But this possession was in a certain degree, disputed, since the Austrians remained masters of one bank of the Danube, and prevented the arrival of the articles most indispensable to the subsistence of so great a city.—These were the reasons of hope, and fear, and the subject of conversation in the two armies.
On the 1st of July, at 4 o'clock of the morning, the emperor removed his head quarters to the island Lobau; which had been already named by the engineers, the island Napoleon.—A small island to which had been given the name of the Duke of Montebello, and which four weeks Enzersdorf, had been furnished with ten mortars and twenty 18 pounders. Another island, called Island Espagnie, had been supplied with six pieces of battering cannon (12 pounders,) and four mortars. Between these two islands, a battery had been raised, equal in force to that of the island Montebello, and in like manner bearing upon Enzersdorf. These 62 pieces of battering artillery had the same object, were in two hours to destroy the little town of Enzersdorf, drive away the enemy, and demolish the works. On the right, the island of Alexander, with four mortars, two ten-pounders, and twelve six-pounders (battering cannon) were to bear upon the plain, and protect the operations of the bridges.
On the 2d the Aide-de-camp of the Duke de Rivoli, passed over to the Mill Island with 500 Voltigeurs, and took possession of it. This island was finished with cannon. It was joined to the Continent, on the left side, by a small bridge. In the front a little fleche was raised, and this redoubt was called Petit.
In the evening the redoubts of Essling appeared to be jealous of these works, not doubting that they were a first battery, formed to act against themselves, they fired upon them with great activity. This was precisely the intention in having seized this island. The attention of
the enemy was to be drawn to this point, in order to conceal from him the operations really proposed.
DOMESTIC.
From the Pittsfield Sun .
AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
The following circular letter has been addressed to the several clothiers in the county of Berkshire, for the purpose of procuring such information as is attainable, on the subject of our domestic manufactures of cloth, and with a view of contributing to the encouragement of American manufactures generally, as contemplated by the subjoined Resolution of the House of Representatives at the last session of Congress. For the purpose of drawing the attention of the public to this subject, and giving to the enquiries proposed more extensive circulation, we republish them in the Sun; and we are requested to state, that similar information, communicated through the same channel, from all other classes of manufacturers in the county of Berkshire, will be very acceptable, and may furnish the means of aiding their particular interest, in such general plan as may be ultimately adopted by Congress on this subject, so highly interesting to the real independence, wealth, and strength of our country.
(CIRCULAR.) ept PITTSFIELD, S. 5, 1809.
SIR, For the purpose of obtaining some part of the information requested in the subjoined letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, I take the liberty to request of you, as soon as may be convenient, answers to the following questions, viz.
1st. What number of yards of cloth were dressed in your shop the last year? 2d. What description of cloths did they generally consist of? 3d. About what is the average value of such cloths per yard, when finished? 4th. What is the whole actual expense of manufacturing them, per yard, including the price of materials, spinning, dying, dressing &c.? 5th. Are domestic manufactures of cloth increasing in your vicinity? And if so, in what ratio?
A speedy answer to these queries, or such part of them as may be in your power, directed to me at Pittsfield, may subserve the manufacturing interest of the country, and particularly that branch of it in which you are concerned, and will be gratefully acknowledged by your ob't servant,
EZEKIEL BACON.
To Mr. _____ P. S. If there is any other clothier in your town whom I have not addressed, you will be good enough to communicate this application to him, and request his answer as above.
(COPY)
(CIRCULAR.) Treasury Department, July 28th, 1809.
SIR, I have the honor to enclose the copy of a resolution of the House of Representatives respecting the manufactures of the United States, and will thank you to communicate the best information on the subject which you may be able to collect. The species and extent of the manufactures carried on, either in your own vicinity or in other parts of the state, and whether in manufacturing establishments properly so called, or as household manufactures; the capital, the machinery and labour employed, and the ordinary profits made in the respective branches—the causes which have either promoted, retarded, or prevented the several establishments; the measures within the powers of Congress, which, in your opinion or in that of the best informed manufacturers, appear best calculated and sufficient for the purpose of fostering the manufactures, are all points on which I would wish to receive information. I am sensible, at the same time that you may not have it in your power to obtain with facility all that would be desirable; but whatever facts you can collect, and in whatever shape they may be digested, will be useful, and gratefully acknowledged.
I have the honor to be, respectfully, sir, your obedient servant.
ALBERT GALLATIN.
Hon. Ezekiel Bacon, Esq.
NEW YORK, Sept. 25.—Captain Landon, of the brig New York , who arrived here some time since from Liverpool, states, that he was at Liverpool on the 4th of July, when a number of native English sailors, who had been naturalized here as Americans, joined by some American sailors, with ribbons in their hats and the word Independence printed upon them, marched through the streets; upon which the ship-carpenters assembled in a riotous manner, took their ribbons from them, hauled down the American colours and tore them in pieces. The Mayor ordered the mob to disperse, which they refused to do; he then ordered out the military, and the disturbance was immediately quelled.— Merc. Advertiser .
PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 26.—We understand that Mr. Erskine, late British Minister to this country, leaves town to-day, for the southward. About the 1st October, he will have an audience of leave with the President of the U. States, who is then to be at Washington. Mr. Erskine then embarks with his family and suite, on board the African frigate, and proceeds home.— A. Daily Advertiser .
PROVIDENCE, (R. I.) Sept. 22.—We understand, that a stratum of excellent COAL has, within a few days, been discovered in the hill, east of Benefit street. The coal is said to be of a quality much superior to that on Rhode-Island.
SAVANNAH, Sept. 14.—The sloop Margaret , from New Orleans, has been lately wrecked, consisting of Thomas Rainhard, captain, C. Benson, mate; William Foster and Samuel Smith, seamen, together with Mr. George W. Warner, passengers; have been imprisoned by order of the governor of Laguira, owing to their being Americans and from Orleans, the governor having heard of the arrival of our troops at that place, and being under some apprehension of them. The cargo of the vessel, which was somewhat damaged, has been suffered to spoil and to be stolen. The crew had been confined fifty five days on the 20th July, and strictly watched by a guard of eight or ten soldiers. All their books and papers were withheld from them; they were denied the privilege of the town, or of conversing together, and compelled to pay a dollar a day for the most miserable food.
The memorandum from which this is taken, is dated "Laguira prison, July 20th 1809," and concludes thus—"written by delivering the guards, who are laying about, & these who see me suppose me to be copying from a book open before me." No prospect of a release or a mitigation of the severity of their confinement yet presented itself.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 27.—The Secretary of the Treasury arrived in this city on Sunday.
COMMUNICATION.
AMERICAN ORDNANCE.
With pleasure we notice the rapid improvements of the citizens of the U. States in the various arts. Not the least distinguished is that of heavy ordnance calculated for the defence of our seaports. A COLUMBIAD of nine inch calibre, carrying a ball of 100lb. was lately cast at the furnace of Mr. Foxall of Georgetown, District of Columbia, mounted upon a carriage of an improved model by Mr. Villard, an ingenious artist. Experiments of its utility were made at Greenleaf's point on the 20th and 21st September, 1809, by capt. Bomford of the Engineers in the presence of Cols. Park and Whiting.
The piece being placed at the distance of four hundred and forty yards from a mound of clay 11 feet in thickness, faced in front by three inch oak plank, secured by two pieces of timber 6 inches thick, and the rear by two inch pine—three of the shot pierced through and rested upwards of two hundred yards beyond the mound.
   Charge. Elevation. THE CENTRE OF THE TARGET BETWEEN SIX AND SEVEN FEET A-BOVE THE LEVEL OF THE PIECE. Temperature by Fahrenheit.   Right line from the centre of the target to centre of the Shot. From the vertical line of Target.     12 lb. 1° 50 inches below. 3 feet 6 inches left. 70°   11 " 1° 30' 19 inches below. 19 inches right. 62°   11 " 1° 50' 5 feet above. 9 inches left. 62°   11 " 1° 22' 28 inches below. 5 inches right. 62°  
NOTE. The powder used in these experiments with a five and a half inch Eprouvette projected a 24lb. shot 125 yards on a horizontal plain.— Vat. Int.
Maximum of the prices in St. Domingo, in the month of April, 1809; the most critical period of the siege of that place, both by sea and by land, in consequence of the excessive scarcity of most articles of food.
   Wheat Flour, per lb. dolle. 1 00   Do. Bread, 30 ounces, 6 00   *Manioc (root) per bag, 60 00   Do. made into bread per cake, 1 00   Starch, procured from Guyana* per lb. 50   Rice, per lb. 50   Corn, do. 60   Run, per bottle, 6 00   N gro Run, per demijon, 6 00   Inferior Wine (there being none of good quality,) per bottle, 2 00   Sugar, per lb. 3 00   Coffee, do. 62 1/2   Sweet Oil, per bottle, 6 00   Fresh meat, beef or pork, per lb. 2 00   Fresh Mules flesh, per lb. 75   Do. Horse, do. do. 1 00   Do. Dogs, do. do. 50   Cats, per individual 2 00   Domestic Parrots, do 1 50   Common Fowls, do. 10 00   Turkeys, do. 20   Eggs, 37 1/2   Spanish Hides, do. 1 50   Hog Skins, do. 1 00   Do. do. Cooked and prepared in the manner of a cheese, and in other forms, per pound, 50   Salt Pork, sold by parcels, per bil. 700 00   Ham, per pound, 2 00   Butter & Lard, do. 3 00   Dogs Fat, do. 2 00   Fish, do. 1 50   Cheese, do. 2 00   Candles, (wax) made in the Island, lb. 3 50   Soap, per square, (about 5 lbs.) 12 00   Potatoes (Bananas) per dozen, 2 00   Bens, per pound, 1 00  
The French inhabitants of the city, who had established gardens at the commencement of the siege, sold other vegetables at a moderate price. The supplies, however, thus afforded, proved insufficient, and the grass which grew along the streets was eaten. With regard to the articles of provision, not enumerated in the above statement, we may assert, that they were entirely wanting, or confined to very few families.
We, the subscribers, certify the above maximum of prices to be correct. Certified by us, the Mayor of the city.
(Signed) GAZAN. COUET MONTERAN, the President of the Supreme Court. CHAMBAL FFNEYROL, Imperial Attorney General.
The articles marked thus * are farnaceous productions, which, when eaten in their crude or natural state, are delicious. It is in consequence of a certain mode of treatment alone, that they become esculent.
† Rats were not sold, but were eaten by those who had the good fortune to catch them.
‡ This article would have been sold at a much higher price, but for the generosity of M. Boulaud, who had about 1,200 in his store house, before the commencement of the siege, and sold them at the rate mentioned.
A letter received in this city from Messina, dated 22d July, mentions, that the brig Prudence , Crocker, of this place, and 18 other American vessels, had arrived at Palermo. The French had expelled the En-
glish from Calabria, between which and Sicily, there was no longer any communication.
The ship Amsterdam packet , of Philadelphia, was to have sailed from Philadelphia for the latter part of July.
Merc. Advertiser , N. York.
A letter from Naples, dated Aug. 13, says, we have seen a letter from Gen. Armstrong, dated July 5 in Paris, in which he gives it as his opinion, that the differences between America & France, will be settled in three or four weeks.— Phil. Gaz. (Fed.)
[From the Aurora .]
Copy of a letter from General Armstrong, dated Paris, 4th July, 1809.
SIR, I have received your letter of the 1st of June, stating the case of the Caroline , &c.; the fate of this brig and cargo, will probably depend upon the issue of a negotiation now pending between the United States and his majesty the Emperor and King, and which will, from my present views of the subject, be terminated within a month or six weeks from the present time.
"I can only add, that appearances are now more favourable than they have lately been. If there are any of your countrymen at Naples in your situation, you'll oblige me by communicating to them the contents of this letter."
"I am, sir, very respectfully, &c."
(Signed) "JOHN ARMSTRONG."
"Mr. R. I. REED, supercargo of the American brig Caroline ."
The Quid-nunc , if he be a glutton, rather than an Epicure, will have no reason to complain of the quantity of news, in this day's paper.
MARRIED, on Thurs'y, the 21st ultimo, Mr. JOHN J. GARNETT, of Essex county, to the accomplished Miss LUCY L. CARTER, granddaughter of the late col. Wm. Lyne, of King & Queen county.
"Be gracious, Heaven! for now laborious man Has done his part."
DIED, in this City, on Friday last, Mr. WM. CLAIBORNE, an old resident of this neighborhood, and father of W. C. C. Claiborne, Esq., Governor of the Territory of Orleans—and on Saturday, Maj. W. ARMISTEAD, an old and meritorious Revolutionary Officer.
Richmond Theatre.
On This Evening, the third October, will be presented a celebrated Comedy, in five acts, called the
POOR GENTLEMAN.
To which will be added, the admired Pantomime, with new Scenery, called
CARE AND MIRTH;
OR,
Harlequin's Skeleton.
BOX 15—Gentry 75 cents—Children half price—Tickets to be had at the Theatre, & from Mr. Davis, at his printing office.—Doors to be opened at 6 o'clock—Curtain to rise at 7 o'clock, precisely.—The public are respectfully informed, that Smoking Segars, in the Theatre, is prohibited. October 3.—It
FOR SALE, the high bred imported Horse, MAGIC ; 14 years old last spring. He will be disposed of on accommodating terms, to an approved purchaser. He is now at my stable