The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1806-12-23 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE.....AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.....(PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 69]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 23, 1806.
[VOLUME 3.]
VIRGINIA BANK STOCK.....103.
Richmond Prices Current.
   Dolls. Cts.     Tobacco, 5 75   Wheat, New, 1 10   Flour—superfine, New, 6 50   fine, 5 50   Corn per barrel, 3   Bacon—per lb. 12   Bar Iron—per ton, 120   Whiskey—per gallon, 58  
JOHNSON & REAT,
JEWELLERS & SILVER-SMITHS.
Have for sale at their store three doors below Messrs. Taylor and Brown's Vendue Office, and a few doors above the Bell Tavern, the following articles, viz: PLATED Tea Pots, Sugar Dishes, and Milk Pots, Tea Urns, Castor Stands, Candle Sticks, Desert Dishes, Salt Stands, Table Spoons, Sugar Tongs, Goblets, Bread Baskets, Desauter Stands, and plated handled Knives and Forks.
Silver, Table, Desert, Tea, Soup, Taddy, Sauce, Mustard, and Salt Spoons; Silver Milk Pots, Tumblers, Sugar Tongs, Salt Shovels, Pincushion Rims and Chains, Scissor Chains, Cloak Clasps, Hooks and Eyes, Netting Needles, Tooth and Ear Picks, Buttons, Pencil Cases, Thimbles, Shell Snuff Boxes silver mounted; Fruit and Penknives.
Tortoiseshell Combs ornamented with gold of every size and description from 15 cts. to 50 cts., Gold Watch Chains, Seals and Keys of various patterns, elegant Pebble Seals, Paste and Gold Earhoops of different sizes and patterns, Miniature Settings of various sizes, Mourning and Fancy Lockets, Jet and Coral coloured gold mounted Necklaces, Jet and Garnet Necklaces plain and neat, Gold Neck Clasps, Enamelled Fanny and Mourning Bracelets; Gold, Cohoon, and Silver Sleeve Buttons; Gold Studs for the Sleeve and Collar; Plain, Stone, Heart, Dog Collar, Topaz, Pearl, Cornelian and Mourning Rings, and Breast Pins of almost every description, all of which with an additional supply, that they expect very soon, they offer upon the most moderate terms.—They will also furnish any article in the plate line upon the shortest notice.
N. B. The highest price given for old gold and silver.—Far sale by
JOHN SOUTHGATE,
At the house lately occupied by Messrs. Thomas and Amos Ladd, and directly opposite the Union Tavern, offers for sale, a pretty general assortment of
FALL GOODS,
Well worth the attention of country dealers.—Cash, country produce, or approved paper will be received in payment.
ALSO FOR SALE, AS ABOVE, London Particular, Madeira Wine in pipes; and a few boxes Martiniague Cordials.
PICKLING VINEGAR.
Of superior quality, made from two years old cider.—Far sale by
WILLIAM HART,
Opposite the State House.
ALSO, SALT, loose and in casks, 30 Barrels cut HERRINGS, BROWN SUGAR in barrels and by retail, COFFEE, TEA and other Groceries, Philadelphia bottled PORTER, Do. Draft BEER.
September 19.
ENOCH SULLIVAN,
OFFERS FOR SALE, At his Jewellery Store, nearly opposite the Eagle, COMPLETE assortment of Gold, Gilt Silver, Plated, Japan'd & Cutlery Ware, Urns, Tea-Pots, Sugar Dishes, Milk Pots and Spoons, Rims and Caskets and bottle Sliders.
Silver Watches, Seals, Keys and Chains, and Watch Materials, Sand Crucibles, Ladies and Gentlemen's Morocco Pocket Knives, and Purse, Glove Ties, Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. Etc. 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With a variety of other articles connected with the above enumerated. Articles of Jewellery or Silver Ware, will be executed to patterns or description, with dispatch. Highest price will be given for old gold or silver.
E. SULLIVAN. Nov. 7.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD, For apprehending a negro man named WILL. STUART or STUART. He left my house three weeks ago, is 6 feet three inches high, long measure face, red eyes, speaks rapidly and with great confidence, aged about 30 years. He may attempt to pass for a free man as formerly. The above reward will be paid on delivering him here—or ten dollars for securing him in a country jail.
WM. LONG. Nov. 14.
FOR SALE, TWO likely young MALE SERVANTS, well acquainted with Livery business.—For terms, apply to the Printer. Sept. 12.
FOR RENTED—The Tenement where I now reside, and possession given in time. J. PENN. April 11.
JUST RECEIVED, A FRESH Assortment of Claret Wines, Champagne, Montrachet by the box, Burgundy, Sautern, Vins de Grave, Laffite, Moleat of Fronignac, Wine Bitters—and also, a fresh Supply of Olives, Casters, Anchovies, Cayenne Pepper, Mustard, Prunes, Raisins by the box, Almonds and Filberts. All kind of West-India Sweetmeats; all kind of Confectionery—and different articles of Perfumery—For Sale by ALEXANDER PLAINVILLE. Nov. 22.
NOTICE.
THE subscribers, this day commence running a COACHES HACK, from Richmond to Tappahannock, which will carry the mail and 3 or 4 persons with ease. The hour of leaving Richmond, will be every Wednesday at 9 o'clock, A. M. and arrive at Tappahannock on Thursday, 10 o'clock, P. M. RETURNING—Leave Tappahannock on Friday, at 10 o'clock, A. M. and arrive at Richmond, on Saturday, at 5 P. M.
Price for each Passenger, 3 dolls. and 50 Cts. and in proportion for a shorter distance. Each passenger will be allowed to carry 15 pounds. Baggage will be carried at the rates of 150 lbs. considered as one person, and so on in proportion, more or less. The greatest care will be taken, but will not be liable for accidents.
JOHN WOODY & Co. P. S. The above mentioned Coach Hack, will start from the Bell-Tavern in Richmond. Should the subscribers meet with encouragement from a generous public, they contemplate running their Coach twice a week. King William, Dec 20.
THE General Meeting of the Mutual Insurance Company against Fire on Goods and Furniture in the State of Virginia, will take place at Fletcher's Tavern in this City, at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, of the second Monday in the next month.
WM. H. FITZWYLLSONN, P. A. December 20.
Having been disappointed in selling my Land in Surry County, some time past advertised in this paper, I NOW offer for sale the FARM whereon I live, containing six hundred acres, situated on the south bank of James River, five miles above Smithfield, & thirty-five from Norfolk. The elevated situation of this place gives a prospect of the River ten miles across and thirty miles on the opposite shore, and perhaps insulates it to the most beautiful water prop on any river in the state. The advantages and luxuries, that, with very little trouble, can be drawn from this source in abundance, are not only convenient but substantial to large family. There are extensive orchards of well chosen apple trees on the land, and a well selected assortment of spring and summer fruits, grafted and incubated. Ten years residence on this place with a large family has proved it as healthy as elsewhere, and for two or three years past, we have been much more so. I flatter myself that a view of the improvements and soil will not disappoint any person desirous of making a permanent settlement on the River, (for such are not often offered for sale.) The terms will be made accommodating to the purchaser and if sold by the first January, possession may be had, in the course of that month, if required.
RICHARD COOKE. Isle of Wight, Dec. 20.
WANTED immediately, ten ton of clean Merchandise Hemp, for which a liberal price will be given in cash. PROSSER & MONCURE. Dec. 20.
THE subscriber adopts this mode of informing his friends, that he intends to practice LAW in the District Chancery Court of Williamsburg. CARTER BRAXTON. King & Queen, Dec. 20.
THE subscriber, having disposed of his Apothecary establishment, requests that all persons indebted to him, will call and settle their accounts. D. WILSON. (self.) November 21.
JAMES STRATTEN, Taylor and Habit Maker, from PHILADELPHIA. I beg leave to inform the gentlemen and ladies of Richmond and the country, that he intends carrying on the above business in all its various branches; being well acquainted with the newest fashions, he hopes from punctuality and assiduity to business, to deserve a little of their patronage, as nothing shall be wanting on his part to render satisfaction to customers; and for neat workmanship, he pledges himself to have it done in the neatest manner. JAMES STRATTEN, N. B. His residence is on the Main-Street Richmond, next door to David Logans. Oct. 17.
ALL persons having claims against the estate of John Hoomes, dec'd. of the Bowling-Green, are requested to make them known, that provision may be made for a final settlement. And those indebted must make immediate payment to JOHN HOOMES, and JOHN G. WOOLFOLK, Executors of John Hoomes, dec'd. Jan. 23, 1806.
A GREAT Bargain offered in 735 acres of LAND, lying in King & Queen county, one and a half miles from York River, and bounded by Poquoson Creek, the Lands of captain William Shackelford and Zachariah Shackelford. This land is level, fertile and well timbered, with tolerable good buildings and excellent water. The abundance of fish and oysters at the very spot, may also be mentioned as a great inducement to any person wishing to purchase. This Land may be had low for cash, or good bonds at short payment. For further particulars apply to John H. Smith, or to the subscriber. JOHN TEMPLE. Walkerton, September 25.
UNION TAVERN. THE Subscriber is prepared to furnish genteel accommodations for twenty members of Assembly. PETER MOSLEY. October 23.
FOR SALE, A YOUNG and active House SERVANT Enquire at this office. October 7.
MARSHAL'S SALES. By virtue of a decree of the Court of the United States for the fifth circuit in the Virginia district, pronounced at the May term, 1806. John Somerville, Plaintiff. David Roff, Defendant. WILL be sold to the highest bidder, for ready money, in much of a TRACT of LAND, lying on James River, in the county of Chesterfield, and commonly called and known by the name of the Bells Plantation, at will raise the sum of seven hundred and twenty-five dollars and thirty-seven cents, and the costs. The sale will be had on the premises on the 20th day of January 1807. JOSEPH SCOTT, M. V. D. Dec. 18.
CASH will be given for three or four NEGRO WOMEN from 14 to 20 years of age—Enquire of the printer. December 18.
THE SUBSCRIBERS, UNDER THE FIRM OF LESUEUR & SAUNDERS,
Inform their friends and the public, that they will continue the COMMISSION business lately done by C. & T. Saunders. They promise the strictest attention to the interests of those who may favor them with consignments. They are now receiving a general and extensive assortment of GROCERIES, which will be offered for sale, Wholesale and Retail, on the lowest terms and usual credit, in the store lately occupied by Messrs. William & Kenzie & Co. opposite the Vendue Office of Messrs. Prosser & Moncure—among which are the following articles:
BROWN SUGAR of superior quality, Dito ditto second ditto, Belt Green Coffee, Salt in Sacks, Molasses and Treacle, Pickled Salmon, Scotch Barley, Madeira, Port, Sherry & Malaga Wine, Fresh Muscad Raisins & Currants, Soft Shelled Almonds, Copra, Saltpetre, English F.F. Gunpowder, Patent Shot, well assorted, Hibbert's Brown Stout and Porter, Belt Spanish Segars, Caldwell, Fraiser & Co's Superfine Chocolate, New-York Candles and Soap, Spermaceti Candles, Bar-Iron, German, Crawley's & Blistered Steel, Antigua & Jamaica Rum, Very Old Antigua Rum, Holland Gin, Cogniac Brandy, of very superior quality, Race Ginger, Pepper, Pimento, Nutmegs, Mace, Cloves & Cinnamon, Fresh London Mustard, in small boxes, Belt Florent Indigo and Fig Blue, of superior quality, in boxes of 20 lbs. each, Fresh Capers, Oil, &c. Fresh Gunpowder, Tea in Canners, Dito by the lb. Young Hyson do. of the first quality, N. England & Bullock's Chesse. JOHN L. LESUEUR, C. H. SAUNDERS. October 10.
DISSOLUTION OF CO-PARTNERSHIP. THE CO-PARTNERSHIP of C. and T. Saunders, dissolved by mutual consent. All debts due by the concern will be adjusted and paid by Lesueur and Saunders, who are alone authorized to settle all claims due to and by the concern. C. H. SAUNDERS, TARTON SAUNDERS. N. B. Those indebted are requested to make immediate payment as no further indulgence can be given. LESUEUR & SAUNDERS. Nov. 22.
LAND FOR SALE BY THE SUBSCRIBERS. In Northumberland County, Eight hundred acres called Exeter Lodge, residence of the late Col. John Gordon; Good Farming Land, adapted to the growth of corn, wheat & tobacco; on this tract, which lays on Yeocomico a branch of Potomac River, there is a large Brick Dwelling House, within 200 yards of navigable water, abounding with oysters equal to any in Virginia, fish, and wild fowl in abundance, and a remarkable healthy situation. In Fauquier County, About 200 acres wood Land, adjoining Mrs. James and Mr. Euface, near Elkhorn Church. In Caroline County, Twenty-seven hundred acres, being part of what is called Bromley Chase. In Spotsylvania County, One hundred acres wood Land, adjoining Col. Joseph Brock, Messrs. J. Brock and S. Schooner, also the middle Tenement in the Brick Buildings in the Town of Fredericksburg. In Culpeper County, Nine hundred & sixty acres, adjoining Landon Carter, Esq's farm on Rappahannock River, at Normans Ford, eight hundred and sixteen acres, adjoining Wm. C. Carter, Esq. and Col. M. Green, two thirds of this Tract is in wood, & the whole of equal quality to any high Land in the county, also about eleven hundred acres in the Little Fork laid out and rented in small farm. And in Albemarle County, That elegant and well known place called Blenheim, containing by a late survey two thousand nine hundred acres, which will be sold altogether or divided into Lots to suit purchasers. The whole or any part of the above property, will be sold on very low terms, payable one third in cash or in country produce on giving deeds, and for the balance, long credits will be given the payment being secured on the property. COLIN & JAMES ROSS. Fredericksburg, Dec. 9.
TEN DOLLARS REWARD. STRAYED or stolen from my stable in Richmond, on the 24th of November, two HORSES, one a dark bay, nine years old, long tail and hanging mane, two hind feet white, and not shod: The other a bright bay, upwards of fifteen hands, rough shod and a few white hairs in his flanks. I will give the above reward on their being delivered to me in Richmond, if strayed; if stolen, fifty dollars, on conviction of the thief, so that they may be brought to justice. WILLIAM HALTARD. Dec. 5.
WILL BE SOLD, Agreeably to the will of Lyne Shackelford, dec'd. at Curles, in Henrico County, on Tuesday the 6th of January next, all the personal estate of said deceased, consisting of— HOUSEHOLD and Kitchen Furniture, Plantation Utensils, about 250 barrels of Corn, 200 bushels of Wheat, and forage of all descriptions. About four thousand weight of fine Pork, Stock of all kinds, among which is a fine brood Mare, and several likely well broke Mules. And on the Thursday following at Varina, about 300 barrels of Corn, 600 bushels of Wheat, forage, &c. as above added to which are some excellent Sheep. Twelve months credit will be allowed the purchasers on all sums above ten dollars; bond and approved security will be required with interest from the date, which shall be remitted upon punctual payment. WM. CHAMBERLAYNE, Esq. Dec. 11.
FOR SALE, THE LOT and HOUSES, whereon John Hamilton, Esq. the British Consul, resides: on it are a three story Dwelling-House, an Office and Kitchen, and other necessary Houses for family use; a Well of good Water, newly fitted, and a Garden lately laid out in a Waver-Home and Cellar under it; the remains of a Wharf, which will make a good foundation to build on; with all the privileges of lots situated on the river, of extending a wharf. ALSO—27 1/2 Acres of well timbered LAND, with a good Fishery on Willeoughby's Bay, taking in the mouth and part of Mason's Creek, where the belt of Oysters and Fish can be conveniently taken. ALSO—A LOT in Smithfield, between Mrs. Purdie's and Captain Todd's lots.—For terms apply to THOMAS NEWTON. August 22.
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.
The Subscriber being desirous to remove, offers for sale the following Property, in the Town of Tappahannock:
THE HOUSES & LOTS, lately occupied by Archibald McCall, Esq. The improvements are, a two story Dwelling House, a Kitchen, Dairy, Smokehouse and Stable; the dwelling house is situated on the River bank, commanding an extensive view for many miles up and down the Rappahannock, and is by far the most convenient and pleasant house in the place; there are three good rooms and a passage on each floor, and good cellars divided in three apartments, with five places in each. The Store-house and Lot, which I at present occupy, is also for sale. The Store is well fitted up, in good repair, and is an excellent stand for the retail business. There is a good Granary and Stable on the Lot.—To any person wishing to engage in the Mercantile line, this property will be an object, it being in the neighbourhood of wealthy and respectable Farmers. I am also disposed to sell the Stock of Goods, that I have on hand, consisting of a good selection of DAY GOODS and GROCERIES.—Terms will be made known on application to THOMAS BROCKENBROUGH. Tappahannock, Dec. 13.
SALE OF SHARES IN THE RICHMOND TURNPIKE COMPANY. In pursuance of a Resolution of the President and Directors of the Richmond Turnpike Company, passed at their meeting held at Edward Hall's Tavern, in the City of Richmond, on the 10th day of this month:
WILL be held at Auction, at the Eagle-Tavern, in the said City, on the 4th day of next month, all SHARES belonging to delinquent Stockholders in the said Company. N. SHEPPARD, Treasurer. December 13.
STEPHEN BARANZZINO, Has just received a fresh assortment of Looking-Glasses, and Prints, among which is the Battle of Trafalgar. Pictures framed and glazed. Mouldings of all sizes and patterns. S. B. lives at Mr. James Goodwin's, near the Baptist Meeting-House. Dec. 13.
A VALUABLE FARM—FOR SALE. AM disposed to sell that valuable tract of LAND, whereon I at present reside, situated in the County of Amelia, on Smacks Creek, containing by estimation about 600 acres: on this tract is about 150 acres of high wood Land, well timbered, and of good quality, also about 20 acres of low ground heavily timbered and of prime quality, for Tobacco or grain. The improvements consist of a neat & well finished Dwelling-House with two rooms and a passage both below and above stairs, Kitchen, Dairy, Smoke-House, Barns, &c. It is deemed unnecessary to give a minute detail of all the advantages of this Land, it being presumed & requested, that those disposed to purchase will first view the premises. TERMS.—One third cash and the balance in 2 equal annual instalments. Possession will be given in time to sow a crop of wheat in the ensuing fall. Application to be made to the subscriber on the premises, by letter or otherwise. JAMES T. ROYALL. Amelia, Dec. 13.
ADVERTISEMENT. THE subscriber is very desirous of taking in WRITING of any kind during the winter evenings. N. B. A few very handsome LOMBARDY POPLAR TREES for sale, at his place of residence, on hocke-hill. J. J. December 13.
NOTICE. THE Annual Meeting of the Stockholders, in the BANK of Virginia, for the purpose of appointing Directors of the Bank, and the several offices of Directors and Deposit, will be held in the City of Richmond, on Monday the fifth of January next. JOHN BROCKENBROUGH. Dec. 5.
JOHN ALCOCK, INFORMS the Citizens of Richmond, and the public in general, that he has moved to the City of Richmond, where he has opened a complete assortment of Merchandise, next door to Messrs. Prosser and Moncure's Vendue Store, and opposite the Eagle: consisting partly of the following articles: LONDON Spring, Panel and hand-Saws, Cat-tail and German do. Casteel Files of every description, Till Locks, brads and iron, Wood Screws of every size, 3d. 4d. & 6d. wrought Sprigs, 10d. & 20d. wrought Nails, 2d. & 3d. fine drawn Clouts, Saddler's Tacks of every size, Brads Nails, Straining & Girt Webb, Plated Bridle Bits assorted, Do. stirrup Irons do. Brads mounted Reel blade Squares, Brads and Iron chamber door Locks of every size, Stock Locks of all sizes, Looking and Ladies dressing Glasses, Plated Moulding, Silver mounted Whips of every size, Carpenters & Joiners Tools of every description. Also, an assortment of DRY GOODS. Superfine Cloths and Cassimeres, Benner's Velvet and Patent Cord, Manchester Stuff, Fashionable Silk Hose, Rose and Doffel Blankets, Coarse Linens and a number of other articles too tedious to

resolution therefor, which he handed in at the clerk's table, where the same was twice read and agreed to by the house, as follows:
Resolved, As the opinion of this committee, that the petition of sundry inhabitants of the county of Kanawha, praying that a law may pass for a division of their said county, be rejected.
The Enquirer.
RICHMOND, 23d DECEMBER.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
REFLECTIONS
which would probably occur to an enlightened stranger in travelling through Virginia.
Were a stranger of enlightened mind, unacquainted with our local institutions, to visit Virginia, no circumstance would more immediately and powerfully excite his astonishment than the general neglect of the means of diffusing information. The inattention of parents and patrons to the education of youth, would strike him as a phenomenon peculiarly inexplicable and inauspicious. In reflecting or conversing on this momentous subject, ideas of this sort may be naturally conceived to rush upon his mind and burst from his lips.
1. "Have you adopted a form of government and organized a system of political institutions, that devolve upon a considerable majority of the people, the exercise of rights and the performance of duties, the judicious exercise and faithful performance of which obviously presuppose an extensive diffusion of knowledge, and have you neglected the use of the only means by which knowledge can be effectually communicated, or generally diffused?
2. Have you assembled or impaired the artificial sanctions, and broke the fetters of that complicated subordination, by which under arbitrary and oligarchical governments, a majority of the inhabitants are compelled to acquire and exert habits of industry, frugality, sobriety and decorum, and have you failed to establish institutions, by which, either the rising generation or the adult may obtain that portion of knowledge, which is necessary to prevent the general, the licentious, and the ruinous abuse of the inestimable blessings you enjoy?
3. The grand object of a wisely organized and well administered government is to secure to the greatest possible number of individuals, over the largest extent of territory, and for the greatest length of time, an ample portion of liberty, property and leisure. This object has been accomplished, but you seem to have forgotten that the possession of liberty, property and leisure, are relative and instrumental, not absolute and cardinal blessings. Unless information is diffused in proportion to the degree in which liberty is extended, it must degenerate into licentiousness; property in the hands of persons whose minds are unenlightened will be hoarded in the capacious coffers of avarice, scattered with blind and baneful prodigality, or furnish excitement and gratification to sensuality, vanity and pride, to every frivolous and vicious propensity of depraved appetites and an abject mind: Even leisure, which constitutes the genuine opulence of civilized man, unless accompanied by that capacity for useful pursuits which the cultivation of intellect only can bestow, will be lethargic & pass every active faculty, become an intolerable burthen and cause time, "like a foul and ugly witch, to limp most tediously along."
4. By dissolving irreversibly the impious union of church and state, and abolishing every sort of ecclesiastical establishment, you have rent the mask and broke the fetters of sacerdotal imposture and oppression. Liberty of conscience and religious toleration, are declared inviolable. But you have neglected by the general establishment of philosophical schools, to apply the only effectual antidote to the revival and prevalence of pestilent and antisocial superstitions, and by rooting in the minds of the rising generation correct opinions respecting the sources and functions of practical morality, which might operate as a wholesome and necessary substitute for those restraints upon the infirmities of human nature, which ecclesiastical authority formerly imposed.
5. You have established the freedom of the press, but you seem to have forgotten that a free press, although in a society where adequate means are employed to enable the rising generation to obtain elementary knowledge, like the sun enshrouded in transparent ether, it darts in every direction, its genial & renovating beams, must in a society where the education of youth is neglected, and where by necessary consequence a considerable number of adults are grossly ignorant, become a fire-brand of faction and discension, an engine the most formidable that can be imagined, for the purposes of imposture and misrepresentation.
6. What avails the freedom of publication and the unrestrained access to books of every description, if the state of the public mind is such as to tolerate nay require the constant circulation of frivolous and vicious productions and if individuals have not acquired through the medium of liberal education, discernment to select, capacity to understand, or taste to enjoy, works calculated to enlarge their understanding and correct their errors? The genial sunshine and refreshing dews, that fertilize the soil adapted to imbibe their salutary influence, are shed in vain, on the sandy desert, the impervious precipice and the stormy wave. Unless the minds of youth be stored with general information and exercised by miscellaneous enquiries, the truths deposited in the volumes of science, will sleep "like the unhunished silver of the mine" and even the flowers that bloom in the paradise of literature, "will waste their sweetness in the desert air."
7. You have relaxed the barbarous rigour of penal law, and adopted a code, mild, equitable and humane, in which the severity of punishment is graduated according to the degree of criminality and guilt; but unless the citizens during youth are initiated in the knowledge and inured to the practice of moral principles, will not this very circumstance combine with other causes to multiply the perpetration of crimes and ultimately introduce that insecurity of right and distinctness of morals, of which the subversion of republican government must be the necessary consequence?
8. May not the increasing number, size and luxury of your towns and the evils inevitably incident to a population continually becoming more crowded and condensed, be naturally expected, (unless the only adequate and practicable counteractions are employed,) to accelerate and in a distant period evolve, this awful catastrophe?
9. You have abolished the complicated system of territorial and commercial monopoly, and committed the distribution of property to its natural regulator and legitimate guardians, the accidental industry, enterprise, frugality and good fortune of individuals: But equality of rights, unembodied and unguaranteed by that equality of capacity and intelligence, which can spring only from the extensive establishment
of academic institutions, must be inevitably accompanied by inequalities in the accumulation of property as oppressive and vices in its expenditure as odious and ruinous, as have ever resulted from any system of legalized monopoly.
10. You have opened the career of personal, professional and political distinction to the claims and competition of individual virtue and talents: But, can you expect to behold a numerous and accomplished succession of competitors, a competition conducted with generosity and ardour, or umpires qualified to adjust their rival pretensions with discernment and impartiality, unless the rising generations are carefully cultivated? Where, but in the bosom of philosophical schools, shedding the clear and concentrated lights of science on the susceptible minds of youth, can enlightened legislators, accomplished practitioners of law and medicine, eminent instructors of youth, intelligent and vigilant editors, or virtuous and able men of any description, where else can they be formed?
11. The American revolution has abolished the aristocratical distinctions, philosophy has extinguished the chivalrous and romantic gallantry by which the sphere of female influence was so widely extended; but you seem to have ungenerously forgotten, that it is only through the medium of a more liberal system of female education, that the fair sex can receive a just compensation for the abridgement of their influence, or be qualified to perform the delicate and momentous duties, that must necessarily devolve on the matrons and daughters of a sovereign people.
12. The periodical delegation of political power emanates from the decisions of the general will, the administration of government, is subjected to the inspection and control of public opinion; does it not then manifest a strange and ominous infatuation, to neglect the only efficient means of diffusing the knowledge necessary to guide the decisions of the general will, and arm public opinion with sufficient vigilance, penetration and energy, to exercise a privilege, so important and sublime! Could any thing but a personal knowledge of the fact make it credible, that in Scotland, Switzerland and Germany, even in the benighted realms of Russia, institutions for the instruction of youth and the general diffusion of knowledge, are more willingly supported and more liberally endowed both by individuals and by government, than in the United States of the new world! In countries where the general diffusion of knowledge is essential, or at best but ornamental; than in a society where the acquisition of knowledge and the cultivation of talents, constitute the principal source of personal happiness, the best instrument of public usefulness and the only honourable and legitimate claim to political elevation: In countries, where the general diffusion of knowledge may endanger the stability of the existing form of government; than in a society, where its diffusion constitutes the only solid foundation on which political institutions can repose, and the purest fountain from which municipal regulations can proceed. In countries, where public opinion, however enlightened, could be nothing more than the impotent, passive and often affected spectator of the movements of the political machine; than in a society where public opinion exercises not only a vigilant inspection but a constant and efficient controul over the administration of government, and is in fact, immediately or remotely, the regulator of every political movement.
13. Can it be for a moment forgotten by the American people, that the form of government they have established, and the situation in which they are placed, present a spectacle novel and momentous, to which no parallel exists in the records of history, or in the condition of coexistent nations? Their institutions are an innovation on the experience of ages. They are performing an experiment the most important that genius has ever conceived; they are entrusted with the conduct of an enterprize, the most complicated and arduous, that reason, aided by providence and fortune has ever attempted for the emancipation and happiness of human kind. They must flee their admirably constructed and well compacted task, freighted with the world's last hope, in the teeth of an adverse current, on the bolom of a stormy ocean and under the frown of a tempestuous sky. How profound should be the wisdom! how consummate the prudence! how comprehensive the knowledge! how disinterested and energetic the souls of the men, to whom fortune has confided an undertaking so vast and fitful. How inquisitive should be a great majority of the people! how sage and patriotic their legislators! how energetic the instructors of their youth! how vigilant, how impartial, how intrepid the conductors of their press! how diffusive, how rapid, how various, how incessant the circulation of knowledge in a nation, called to act on the grandest theatre beneath the "visible diurnal sphere" & "rising into definitions beyond the reach of mortal eye."
14. Such would probably be the reflections that would rush upon the mind, and such the expressions that may be naturally conceived to burst from the lips of an intelligent stranger of ardent feelings, who upon visiting Virginia, should observe the general neglect of the means of acquiring and diffusing useful knowledge.
Milton, December 13th, 1836.
COMMUNICATION.
On the 18th of this month, the citizens of Charlottesville received intelligence, that capt. Meriwether Lewis had arrived at his mother's, in their neighbourhood, and would pass thro' their village on the 15th on his way to Washington: they had long determined, that his arrival among them should be greeted with those marks of respect, which he merits from every one; and which they, who had known him from childhood, were particularly anxious to pay: They invited him to dine with them on the 15th at Mr. Ellis's tavern; and though the warning was so short, and the riding exceedingly dangerous; about fifty of the most respectable inhabitants of the county assembled to receive him. When the company were collected, a little before dinner, a citizen who had been deputed to that office, delivered the following address.
"Impressed with the liveliest sentiments of affection and friendship towards you, the citizens of Charlottesville and its vicinity, your old friends and neighbours, hail with eager gratulation your safe return; escaped from the dangers of the savage wilderness, they welcome you to civilized life, to the affections of your friends, to the gratitude of your country. The difficult and dangerous enterprize which you have so successfully achieved, has covered with glory, yourself and your gallant little band, and to your country is pregnant with consequences the most important and august. We indulge not in the delusions of hope, nor the visions of fancy; when we behold in this expedition, so wisely planned, so happily executed, the germ of extended civilization, science and liberty; when we behold the federative system, and the principles of representative democracy extending their gentle influence and receiving in their parental embrace, nations still in the infancy
of reason and government; and regions yet groaning under unviolated forests. In these reflections, anticipations and feelings, every American, every friend to liberty, to science and to man, participates with us; but it is our peculiar felicity to boast, that the man who achieved this interesting and arduous enterprize, is the produce of our soil, was raised from infancy to manhood among us, is our neighbour, our friend. A just and grateful country will no doubt duly appreciate and adequately reward the services you have rendered; you have our best wishes for your future prosperity and happiness."
To which Captain Lewis returned the following answer.
"Be assured, gentlemen, that it is with no less pleasure, than you have been pleased to express, that I reciprocate your kind congratulations. This warm and undignified expression of friendship by those, whom the earliest emotions of my heart compelled me to love, is, in contemplation, not less pleasing, than the fond hope, that it may hereafter be believed, that I have discharged my duty to my country on the late expedition to the Pacific Ocean. To have conceived but little; the merit of having added to the world of science, and of liberty, a large portion of the immense unknown wilds of North America, is equally due to my dear and interesting friend capt. Clark, and to those who were the joint companions of our labours and difficulties in performing that task. With you I trust, that the discoveries we have made, will not long remain unimproved; and that the same sentiment which dictated to our government, an investigation into the resources so liberally bestowed by nature, on this fair portion of the globe; will prompt them to avail themselves of those resources, to promote the cause of liberty and the honour of America, and to relieve distressed humanity, in whatever shape she may present herself.
Irony obey the feelings of my heart, when I return you gentlemen, my most ardent wishes, for your general and individual happiness thro' life."
The company then sat down to an excellent dinner: many appropriate toasts were given, the social song went round; and they passed the evening in that spirit of felicity and mirth, which the joyful occasion, and the presence of their friend safely returned from his perilous expedition, and in the bloom of health, inspired.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
Senate of Virginia.
No event has lately so much excited my astonishment as the resolution of the 11 senators of Virginia, on the affairs of the Federal Government. It was difficult to believe, that an effectual expedient to put a stop to British encroachment, or to procure a peaceful and honourable accommodation with Spain could have met with any opposition in Virginia; but experience has verified the possibility of the fact. And on what grounds do these republican dissentients (the federalists who voted with them are out of the question) on what principles do they declare an explicit declaration of their sentiments?
What documents were necessary to prove, that Great Britain was only to be brought to her senses, by touching her interests? The principle was written in the very sources of her wealth; dam them up by restrictions upon her commerce, and you awe her at once into an acknowledgement of justice. It needs no official documents to prove this simple position, it needs no Munroe to elucidate its truth. But it is the plain dictate of common sense, & the most untutored merchant in Richmond will feel, though he may not confess, its importance. And what has been the result? These gentlemen insist too on this criterion. Why? That the British Cabinet is brought to a sense of its duties: her commissioners have expressed the strongest anxiety to negotiate our differences; they only ask the suspension of the non-importation act as a proof of an equally conciliatory disposition on our part.
And what mighty documents did they require on our Spanish Relations? Have they waited for Mr. Munroe's letter? That letter did not contain a single new fact. It developed opinions only; they were surely the opinions of a most enlightened man; but they were addressed by Mr. Monroe from London, and not from Paris or Madrid; and they deserved no higher respect than the opinions of any other equally enlightened man. But perhaps these cautious politicians required the inspection of the correspondence of our Commissioners with the Court of Madrid. What then? Though this correspondence has not yet been submitted to the public eye, the public are not altogether ignorant of its contents. They pretty well know that Spain refused to exchange territory to the west of the Colorado, for that to the east of the Mississippi: But they do not know that she refused to sell the Floridas. On the contrary they do very well know that this proposition had never been made to Madrid before the last session of Congress; and that it was on this very point, that the unfounded charge was urged against the President, of having proposed an appropriation of 3,000,000 dollars, for the purchase of the Floridas? These are facts. Is there then any thing here to prevent a new proposition of purchase being made? Was not that the very policy which was most congenial to our grand interest, that of preferring peace, until our country or our honour were invaded? Is any document necessary to prove these positions? But say these republican dissentients, our policy towards Spain cannot yet be tested by its result? What of that? If the proposition now fails (and it is at present the most probable proposition) it will not prove, that that proposition was an improper one. The policy might have been very excellent, last winter; but improper now; because recent events in Europe may have completely defeated it. Go to the republican minority themselves for an illustration. They have told us that the resolution of the select committee on Spanish affairs, proposing an augmentation of military force, was proper at the time; but that the battle of Trafalgar intervened and superceded its necessity. The republican minority may now repeat this reasoning. What the battle of Trafalgar was last winter, the battle of Jena is at this moment. If a military force was rendered unnecessary by the defeat of the Spaniards, the peaceable purchase of the Floridas may be no less defeated by the overthrow of the Prussians. The fact is, that the true criterion of any policy is its tendency; as to its issues, it is in the hands of Providence alone.
They declare that they do not perceive what "good" is to be produced by the adoption of the resolution now proposed by the House of Delegates. But this was not the question before them. This question might fairly have been suggested, before the resolution was bro't before them, and still more strongly before it was introduced into the House of Delegates. But when the resolution had once assumed that formal shape, the real question was not what
was the good to be produced by its adoption, but what injury from its rejection. Were they willing to cast a reproach upon the administration by declaring themselves unwilling to decide upon its measures? Such is the point of view, in which the conduct will be considered by impartial legislators. The dissentients know that the postponement of a resolution is most frequently a silent censure upon its contents; that it is the very expedient, by which the most pointed contempt is usually cast upon any measure. But if they are not seriously opposed to the administration; if they really desired their vote from the want of satisfactory documents, why did they not add to their substitute the following salvo. "But as far as these documents have been exhibited to the world, this house does not hesitate to approve of the policy, which has been pursued."
A project for thus organizing an opposition to the measures of government defers to be cut up by the roots. Those who are at the scene of action will find no difficulty in predicting the fate of this project, but the Republicans, who have not the advantage of personal observation, should also learn to view it without the slightest apprehension.
It is indeed a feeble opposition. Except a very few individuals, indeed, the entire mass of Virginia Republicans is completely at war, with Mr. Randolph's system. All that can be inferred from this vote of the Senate, is, that there were to be found 11 individuals in a constitutional body, who were willing to support the course of the minority; and, even out of these 11, two or three were already devoted federalists. Place then in the other scale, the 10 republicans of the Senate; and place with them the immense majority of the other house, and you produce a preponderance on the side of the administration, which demonstrates the extreme imbecility of the present opposition.
SENECA.
That Bonaparte has formed the most extensive designs upon Prussia, and amongst them, that he has determined to revolutionize Poland, is strongly to be presumed from the fact, that he has organized a Legion of the North, two thirds of whose officers are to consist of Poles, and that he has held out an encouragement to all Polish defectors who may repair to the various points where the army may be stationed, and who are to be conducted to Landau, the general rendezvous of this new Legion. Nothing is more probable than that Bonaparte will revolutionize every part of Poland, not only that portion which belongs to Prussia, but those which are attached to Russia and Austria; that a new Government will there be established, not independent of France but connected by the principle of Confederation; and that Jerome Bonaparte may become the titular King of Poland.
It is well known that the celebrated Kosciusko has been residing for some in Paris; and it becomes an interesting problem, what part he will play in this new drama.
Betweenthe Volunteer system now presented to the consideration of Congress, and that pursued under Mr. Adams's administration; there is this remarkable difference; that under the last, the officers were commissioned by the President; but under the proposed plan, by the state & territorial governments. Mr. Adams's system was intended to throw all the republican militia officers out of the service, and to bring his creatures only into power.
(Debate on the 2d resolution before the House of Delegates is unavocably postponed.)
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
Loud blew the piercing wintry blast That whistled 'mongst the rustling trees, And fell the pelting rain drops fast, That trembled to the passing breeze.
See! when the lightning's vivid flash, Gives the black heath a dazzling glare! Hark! how the thunder's noisy crash, Rolls awful thro' the troubled air!
The weary sea bird's mournful cry, As fails he thro' the forest wide, And now the tall oak's hollow sigh, The swelling tempest's fury chide.
"Oh! fearful is the gloomy night, And piercing is the cold, cold wind. In vain the cheerful cottage light, My trembling limbs have sought to find.
"Thro' desert wastes, and trackless heath, Long by the furious tempest driv'n; My fainting spirits pant to breathe The pure, reviving breath of heav'n.
"Eliza! my weary mile, Thro' trackless heath, and desert wastes, To meet again thy cheering smile, Homeward thy faithful William hastes.
"Oh! my Eliza! nought can tell, The full rings that my heart has borne, That she whose worth I love so well, Might bless her lover's quick return.
"But ah! my life! it may not be! Heaven will not let this aching breast, Find all its pangs repaid by thee, When pillow'd in thy arms to rest.
"I feel my curdling blood grow chill, My weary, heavy eye-lids close; My feeble pulse at length is still, And all my stiffen'd limbs are froze.
"A dizzy dulness clouds my brain, I feel oppression stop my breath; And now--this quick relief from pain, Proclaims the near approach of death.
"Eliza! farewell, dearest maid-- Depriv'd of thee, 'tis sweet to die-- Come to the spot where I am laid, And heave compassion's tender sigh.
"The sighs of love shall waft my shade, Its tender tears shall grateful prove. Farewell--Eliza--dearest maid! My latest sighs--shall--oh! my love!"
Loud blew the piercing wintry blast, That whistled 'mongst the rustling trees; And fell the pelting rain drops fast, That trembled to the passing breeze.
Last Evening's Mail
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
THURSDAY, Dec. 18. Mr. J. Randolph from the committee to whom was referred so much of the message of the President of the U. S. as relates to the invasion of our territory by the troops of Spain and to the adoption of measures for the protection thereof, respectfully recommended the following resolutions:
1. Resolved, That provision ought to be made by law to fortify and defend such position on the Mississippi, below the city of New Orleans, as the President of the U. S. shall designate for the protection of that city; and that further provision ought to be made by law for guarding the approaches to the same from the east.
2. Resolved, That the President of the U. S. be authorized to accept of any company or companies, of volunteers, either of artillery, cavalry, or infantry, who may associate and offer themselves for the service, (not exceeding thouland men) who shall be clothed and furnished with horses at their own expense,
and armed, and otherwise equipped at the expense of the U. S. except such of them as may choose to furnish their own arms, and whose commissioned officers shall be appointed by the respective state and territorial authorities; who shall be liable to be called upon to do military duty at any time the President shall judge proper, within years after he shall accept the same,--and when called into actual service and whilst remaining in the same shall be under the same rules and regulations, and be entitled to the same pay, forage, and allowance for clothing with the regular troops of the U. S.
This report, together with the accompanying documents, were referred to a Committee of the Whole House to morrow.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 19.
A letter is received in Washington, stating that Col. Burr had descended the Ohio with his squadron, on what expedition not known; no women nor children were allowed to go with him.
Wash. Fed.
By a resolution of the Common Council of the City of Richmond, passed the 17th of December 1806, the Clerk of the said Council is directed to cause to be published in the Enquirer, the first and second sections of an Ordinance entitled "An Ordinance for establishing a regular police in the City of Richmond and its liberties," passed on that day, once a week for three weeks successively, which sections are as follows:
SEC. 1. Be it ordained by the President and Common Council of the City of Richmond in Common Hall assembled, and it is hereby ordained by the authority of the same, that every person who shall hereafter move to the said city, shall, within one month after he or she shall remove to the same, report to the mayor for the time being, whether it be his or her will to become a resident thereof and the occupation, if any, pursued by him or her; and also the number of free persons belonging to his or her family, ascertaining therein their names, ages, and sexes; whereupon the said mayor with the concurrence of some other magistrate of the city, may, if they see cause, rule such person to give security, in such sum as they may think sufficient, that he or she, his or her family or any member thereof, will not within the space of twelve months become a charge to the city, and that he or she will, during that term, pay all taxes and assessments of the Corporation; and every person failing to make such report and to give such security when required, shall be liable to be removed from the city at the discretion of any two magistrates thereof. On failure of such information being given to the Mayor by any person removing to this city within the time specified, any constable who may first give such information, shall be entitled to receive from every person twenty five cents for each member of his family which may have been so reported by such constable to be recoverable by warrant before any Magistrate, if payment thereof be refused.
Sec. 2d. And be it further ordained that every person residing within the city who is owner of slaves, shall annually, in the month of March, register with the commissioner of the city taxes all the slaves in his or her possession, designating their names, ages, and sexes, and that all persons residing within the city or its liberties, who hire slaves by the year, shall in like manner, in the said month of March, register with the said commissioner, the names of all slaves hired by him or her and the names of the person or persons whom the same shall be hired; and any person or persons who shall hire slaves from others, who shall fail to make such register shall forfeit and pay the sum of one Dollar for each slave hired by him and not registered. And all owners of slaves who shall fail to make registry of such slaves according to the directions of this Ordinance, shall forfeit and pay the sum of one Dollar, which penalties shall be recovered by warrant before any magistrate, one moiety for the use of the informer, and the other for the benefit of the city.
The ordinance from which the above sections are taken commences and will be in force on the first day of February next.
N. SHEPPARD, C. C. C. Decembar 23. law2t.
SPORTSMEN ATTENTION.
ON Monday the twenty-ninth day of this month, Will be Sold in this city, for ready money, that valuable piece of land, the Williamsburg JOCKEY CLUB COURSE, containing about sixty ACRES.
At the same time, and on the same terms, Will be sold, that very valuable HOUSE and LOT the UNION TAVERN.
The above property will be disposed to satisfy certain sums of money due by Deeds of Trust, and will positively be sold, without reserve on that day by
RO. ANDERSON,
Auctioneer and Commission Merchant, Williamsburg, Dec. 20. ep4t.
NINE SHARES FOR SALE.
Also--Virginia Land Warrants, at a very reduced price.
THOMAS NORFELL. The highest price will be given for Military and United States Land Warrants. T. N. Dec. 23. tf.
NOTICE.
THE BANK OF VIRGINIA will be closed on Thursday the 25th instant. Notes offered for Discount must be put in on Wednesday, December 23. 1t.
THE SUBSCRIBERS,
Having taken a House a few doors below the Bell-Tavern, offers For Sale, under the firm of
WHITE & SHELTON,
A GENERAL assortment of GROCERIES, which they will dispose of on very moderate terms, for Cash, Country produce, or approved paper.
ISAAC WHITE, JOHN S. SHELTON. December 23. ep tf.
FENCING.
THIS ELEGANT ACCOMPLISHMENT, --Taught By
G. L. BARRETT, OF THE THEATRE.
Some beautiful PAINTINGS to be had of Mr. Barrett. Dec. 23. 4t.
SELLING OFF CHEAP.
M.Text"> M. & B. Myers, intending to decline the retail business, offer for sale, at reduced prices, the whole or any part of their present stock of
DRY GOODS.
Consisting of a variety of useful and fashionable articles--
TO WIT: IRISH LINENS, Flanders Sheetings, Oznaburghs, HOLLANS, Long-lawns, Linen and Cotton Cambricks, Superfine and second Broad Cloth, and Kerseymere, Blankets, Coatings and Flannels, Bennets and Fancy cords and Velvets, Swansdown and Mouselene, Rich figured Satins, Silver-Muffs, Saracens; Italian Lutefishings, Cotton and Silk Chambrays of very handsome patterns. A few excellent silk Pelisses, Gloves and Hosiery, elegant Plumes, wreaths and fancy Head Ornaments, a variety of handsome Ribbons, Table Cloths and Napkins in sets 3-4, 7-8 & 10-12. Diapers. A few sets of China in boxes of 40 pieces. Sets of Cut Glass Decanters, Wine and Tumblers, glass Bowls, freep-bottles, Hall Lamps, &c. &c. Those who buy with cash, will be allowed a very liberal Discount, which will be increased according to the augmentation of the amount of their purchase at any one time. On any sums of consequence, a credit if required, will be given of three to six months. The purchaser giving approved negotiable paper. For sale, also, as usual, a complete assortment of Dutch Bolting-Cloths. Dec. 14. ep4t.

Congress.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
MONDAY, Dec. 15.
A message was received from the President of the U. S. laying before Congress a report of the Surveyor of the public buildings...
Mr. Early, from the committee to whom was referred that part of the message of the President, which relates to prohibiting the importation of slaves into the U. S.
Mr. Dana submitted a resolution instructing the committee of Commerce and Manufactures to enquire into the expediency of making provision for a survey of the coasts of the U. S.
Before offering the resolution, Mr. Dana briefly noticed the importance of a comprehensive survey of the whole coast, as well with a view to the safety of our commerce, as to the designation of the extent of our territorial rights.
Mr. Crowninshield suggested the propriety of extending the survey to forty leagues beyond the coast.
The resolution was ordered to lie for consideration.
A message was received from the Senate, stating that they had passed the bill to suspend "An act to suspend the operation of an act, entitled 'An act to prohibit the importation of certain goods, wares, and merchandise,' and to remit the penalties incurred under the same," with amendments.
The House having agreed to consider the amendments,
Mr. J. Randolph moved to refer them to a select committee.
Mr. Aiton opposed the motion. He believed no reference necessary, as the subject was too plain to require my detailed investigation; if it should be referred, he would prefer a reference to a committee of the whole House, and accordingly, made a motion to that effect.
Mr. J. Clay supported the motion of Mr. Randolph; and stated that the object of the reference was merely to introduce a provision to secure the payment of costs by those who had incurred the penalties of the non-importation act, which otherwise would be chargeable to the U. S.
Mr. Smilie opposed the reference to a select committee, and declared himself, under existing circumstances, hostile to the amendment of the Senate, vesting the President with a suspending power.
The motion of reference to a committee of the whole House having been disagreed to—Ayes 50—the reference to a select committee obtained without a division.
The committee are Messrs. J. Randolph, J. Clay, and Aiton.
Mr. Elliot rose, and addressed the House in a speech of considerable length, on the critical and alarming situation of the country, and the commanding necessity of creating and organizing a system of more efficient defence; and concluded with giving notice that he should on Tuesday, the 23d inst. submit a series of resolutions to that effect.
The bill for erecting a bridge across the Potomac was considered in committee of the whole, and reported to the House.
Mr. J. Randolph, from the committee to whom had been referred the amendments of the Senate to the bill to suspend the non-importation act, made a report, viz.
To agree to the first amendment proposed by the Senate, which is to strike out the following words at the end of the section—"This act shall take effect from and after the passing thereof"—with an amendment, viz.—to add after the word "remit," as follows—"on payment by the parties, by whom such penalty, fine or forfeiture may have been incurred, of all costs which have accrued, or may accrue before notice of this act shall have been received by the attorneys of the several districts of the United States."
And to agree to the second amendment, authorizing the President to suspend the non-importation act till the 31st of Dec.
A concurrence with the first amendment was carried without a division.
Mr. Dawson moved to amend the amendment of the Senate by substituting the words "public interest," in lieu of the words "public service."
Mr. J. Randolph said he did not see how the public interest could be disconnected from the public service.
Mr. Dawson's motion was agreed to—Ayes 49—Noes—Noes 40.
Mr. Smilie said he was against the amendment offered by the Senate. He hoped that gentlemen who proposed concurring in it would shew its necessity at this time. The Message of the President had recommended a short suspension of the non-importation act, which has been done by the act passed by the House. If at a later period of the session, circumstances should justify the vesting a suspending power in the President, he might, perhaps, have no objection to the measure: but was there at this time any such necessity, when the probability was that the House would not rise until the 3rd of March; and when it could not be known whether important information might not previously reach them? If no necessity can be shewn, why then legislate? He was also opposed to the amendment, because it looked like holding out to England that we were tired of the non-importation act. For these reasons he hoped the amendment would not to be agreed to.
Mr. J. Clay said, he did not know that the operation of the amendment proposed by the Senate would be to shew G. B. that we were tired of the act. On the contrary, by making Rs further suspension conditional, it would shew that unless further arrangements were made between the two governments, it would be carried into effect. It was very true, that further information might be received during the session, which might render a repeal of the act proper. But suppose an accommodation should take place between the two governments between the close of the present session and the commencement of the next—still, notwithstanding this, the law in question must go into force on the 1st of July, although every pretext for it was done away. Mr. C. said he was not very fond of placing this discretionary power in the hands of the President. But he did not perceive any other way in which the views of Congress could be accomplished. He was, therefore, reduced to the dilemma, either of giving the President power to suspend the act, or of suffering a measure confessedly hostile, to go into effect after a satisfactory adjustment of differences. The arguments in favor of the passage of the act were, that it would induce G. B.
to suspend her depredations, and to recede from her injudicious doctrines. If she abandoned these, and made reparation for her depredations, he apprehended all necessity for the continuance of the act would be done away. Why then continue it after the occurrence of these circumstances? If, however, the gentleman from Pennsylvania would point out any other exception to the mode, by which the views of the House could be effected, he would adopt it in preference to the amendment of the Senate.
Mr. Crowninshield remarked that, like the gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Smilie) he could not give his sanction to the proposed amendment. He saw no necessity at this time for authorizing the President of the U. S. further to suspend the non-importation act. What had the House done? A few days since they had sent a bill to the Senate to suspend the act until the 1st of July. They had received from that body an amendment further to suspend it until Dec.; and on what grounds? They had received no additional communications from the President. The House, then, to be consistent, ought to pursue the same course they had followed a few days since. Mr. C. said he then voted against a suspension of the non-importation act to the 1st of Dec. He considered the proposition under consideration as nearly the same thing; the principle of both was similar. He did not know that he should object to passing a bill late in the session, empowering the President to suspend the act, provided the negotiations were in such a situation as to promise a satisfactory issue; but he saw no necessity for precipitation. The bill would do as well without the amendment as with it. He should therefore vote against it.
A motion was then made to adjourn, in favour of which only four members rose.
Mr. Bidwell said he did not view the subject in the same light, in which it was seen by his colleague near him, (Mr. Crowninshield.) To him there appeared to be a material difference between the amendment of the Senate, now under consideration, and the proposition which had been negatived by the House, when the bill was before under discussion. The one was an absolute suspension of the act until next Dec. whereas the other was only the provision of a power to suspend it, if an occasion for such further suspension should occur, when Congress should not be in session. To the former he thought there were objections, which did not lie against the latter.
He could not agree to the observation of the gentleman from Pennsylvania, (Mr. J. Clay) that the prohibitory act is confessedly a measure of hostility. On the contrary, he thought it a pacific measure. It was no more than a system of commercial regulation, which, consistently with the established laws and usages of nations, we have an undoubted right to adopt. It did no injury, and could give no just occasion of offence. It was indeed intended to press upon G. B. One principal object of it was to convince that government and nation, that we have the power and the determination, by granting or withholding our market for their manufactures, by peaceable means, to make it their interest to do us justice, and be on good terms with us. This was not a hostile, but a pacific and lawful policy.
He observed that when the bill was before the House on a former day, he had taken the liberty to express an opinion that the event of a treaty, intervening before another session of Congress, might be provided for by a separate section in this bill, or by a separate act, to be passed, if necessary, before the close of the present session. He had preferred the latter; but the reasons for that preference were not so strong as to induce him to dissent from the course which the Senate had thought proper to pursue.
He was generally not in favor of vesting discretionary powers in the executive. But in the present case, where the principle was contained in the law, the discretion was so limited in its object and duration, and the rule for the exercise of that discretion was so obvious, he thought the authority could not be dangerous, and the objection was not applicable.
There was, he said, one strong consideration in favor of the section. If a treaty should be made, during the recess of Congress, or at so late a date as not to be known here until Congress should have adjourned, one of three courses must be adopted; either the prohibition must be suffered to operate, from the first of July until December, which, in case of a satisfactory arrangement, would not be desirable; or Congress must be convened to provide for such a state of things, which might be very inconvenient; or the executive must be authorized to suspend the operation of the law until the next ordinary session of the legislature. The latter course appeared to him to be attended with the least evil. He was, therefore, in favor of providing such an authority; and, as the Senate had judged it most expedient to insert it in this bill, although he should have individually preferred a separate and future bill for the purpose, he would not refuse to concur in the amendment.
Mr. Smilie said he had but a single additional observation to offer, after making which, he would confine himself to giving his negative to the amendment. He had ever held it to be his duty not to grant legislative power to the executive but in cases of necessity. If such a necessity could be shewn to exist at present, he would consider whether it were proper to grant the proposed power. But when there was no such necessity, he would never vest such a discretion in the executive.
Mr. Dana observed that the principle laid down by the gentleman from Pennsylvania was worthy of attention; but it was extremely questionable whether it were applicable to the case then before them. If the amendment of the Senate went to acknowledge a general power in the President to dispense with the laws, a power once claimed as a prerogative by the King of Great-Britain, all must be against it. But what was the power here proposed to be given? To authorize the President to continue the natural state of things in this country. The act of the last session went to change the general politics of the U. States, whose general political system was peace and freedom of commerce with the whole civilized world. That law impaired this principle, by taking away that freedom of commerce so far as respected Great-Britain. Now the power we propose to give, is nearly allied to that exercised on a change from a state of peace to a state of war. Altho' the legislature should change the state of things from peace to war, yet the President would be authorized to agree to an armistice, which would, for a time, restore peace, and suspend the laws. In point of principle, therefore, the power at present proposed to be given was similar to that exercised in the case of an armistice. Further, in giving this power to the President, we do no more than what we have done already. The President has given us merely general information relative to our negotiations with G. Britain; and on his responsibility we have passed the act sent to the Senate. He recommends a suspension of the non-importation law to a reasonable time, without specifying it. We fix the time. Perhaps the President may consider this a reasonable
time of suspension as extending to December. The language of the amendment is, if he thinks so, let him suspend it to that time. The same principle, therefore, is applicable to vesting this power, as to the suspension we have already agreed to.
Mr. Dana said he agreed that the amendment of the Senate was in substance nearly the same with the proposition rejected in the House. He was in favor of this proposition, and still continued favorable to it, because he approved the extension of the suspension of the act to December, and because he believed, if the power of suspending it were vested in the President, he would not suffer it to go into effect before that day.
Without going into the question how far the commercial regulations were calculated to coerce Great-Britain, Mr. Dana said he would undertake to say that the operation of the non-importation act was more injurious to ourselves than Great-Britain; and that it imposed such burdens on our merchants, and was so extremely vexatious to them, that he had little doubt of its suspension by the President, if he should be invested with the power. It would be recollected that the resolutions adopted by the House at their last session were very general; that they had been referred to a committee to bring in a bill, who had, from the pressure of circumstances, reported a bill very promptly, and with no other specification than that contained in the resolutions. In the construction given to this law, he understood no regard had been paid to labor, but merely to the material; the consequence of which was extremely vexatious. He would state an instance. Aqua fortis could only be imported in glass or gold vessels. A quantity had been imported into New-York in glass vessels, and been refused entry because contained in glass. Mr. Dana here specified some other articles, similarly circumstanced. He added that the provisions of the act were of so dubious a nature, that the Secretary of the Treasury had given no instructions respecting them. For these reasons he thought the law would never be suffered to go into operation. It had, indeed, produced an effect, which the House in passing it, had not contemplated. He would, therefore, have it done away altogether, and if they were to have any commercial prohibitions, he hoped they would be imposed in such language as all people might understand.
Mr. Bidwell said, before the question was taken, he would, in answer to the gentleman from Connecticut on his right (Mr. Dana,) just observe, that any doubt or difficulty which had arisen or might arise, in the execution of the law, from the general description of articles of manufacture, by their material of chief value, might be easily removed by a supplemental act. It was not strange, nor new, that in a complicated system of regulations, experience should point out practical defects in the details, and render legislative explanation or amendment necessary. It was no national objection against the system. Notwithstanding any such imperfections in the present details of the prohibitory act, he had no doubt that, whether left to the executive or the legislature, the act would be ultimately carried into full and complete effect, unless rendered unnecessary by an intervening arrangement of the points in dispute.
Mr. Dana said that in the statement he had made, he did not state many of the inconveniences that had been experienced. Half the goods imported into New-York, for the non-importation law took effect, had been refused entry. The law was indeed one which ought never to go into operation. As far as he was informed, the government of Great-Britain had as yet only given friendly assurances. He considered the existence of this law as a bar to satisfactory arrangements; and was, therefore, willing to lay it aside for the sake of peace and accommodation, not considering it as aiding, but as impeding our negotiations.
Mr. Chandler said, if he believed, with the gentleman from Connecticut, that the President would, under any circumstances, no matter what, suspend the act, he would not give his vote for the proposed amendment. On the contrary, believing that he would let it go into effect, unless our differences were adjusted, it had his approbation. To remedy the evils mentioned, he would have no objection to doing away this act, after a proper time, and prescribing in a new act a double dose. He would pass an act prohibiting the importation of all goods from Great-Britain. Believing the act had been attended with good consequences, and had brought the government of that nation to a sense of their interests, and that there was a probability of an early adjustment of our differences, he should give his vote for the amendment.
The question was then taken by Yeas and Nays, and the amendment carried—Yeas 32—Nays 28.
[Other business, of subordinate interest, was transacted, which shall be stated in our next paper.]
TUESDAY, Dec. 16.
Much private or subordinate business was done, which shall be given in detail in our next paper.
A message was received from the Senate, stating that they had concurred in the amendments of the House to their amendments to the bill to suspend the operation of an act, entitled, "An act to prohibit the importation of certain goods, wares and merchandise, and to remit the penalties incurred under the same."
This bill, consequently, only requires the signature of the President to be a law.
The House considered the amendments made in Committee of the Whole to the bill authorizing the erection of a bridge over the river Potomac, within the district of Columbia; and ordered the bill to be engrossed for a third reading to-morrow by a considerable majority.
PROPOSALS
For carrying MAILS of the United States, on the following Post-Roads, will be received at the General Post-Office in Washington, until the 14th day of January next inclusive.
IN VIRGINIA.
27. From Martinsburg by Williamsport to Hagerstown once a week. Leave Martinsburg every Saturday at 5 A. M. and arrive at Hagerstown by 10 A. M. Leave Hagerstown at 2 P. M. and arrive at Martinsburg by 7 P. M. ... 30. From Alexandria, to Fairfax c. h. once a week. Leave Alexandria every Monday at 2 P. M. and arrive at Martinsburg on Wednesday by 5 P. M. Leave Martinsburg at 6 P. M. and arrive at Winchester on Thursday by noon. Returning. Leave Winchester every Friday noon and arrive at Alexandria on Monday by 10 A. M. ... 31. From Alexandria, to Fairfax c. h. once a week. Leave Alexandria every Friday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Alexandria by 9 A. M. Leave Alexandria every Friday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Alexandria by 9 A. M.
by Friday at 3 P. M. and arrive at Fairfax c. h. by 7 P. M.
31. From Washington city, by Frederickburg, Spotsylvania, c. h. Wallerfield, Carterfield, Cumberland, Farnville, Prince Edward, Charlotte, Coleville, Meadville, Halifax, Danville and Harrisville to Hagerstown in N. C. once a week. ... 54. From Halifax c. h. by Danville and Dixonville, to Lenox Castle c. h. once a week. ... 55. From Halifax c. h. by Halifax, Old Town, Pittsylvania c. h. Pittsylvania old c. h. Peytonburg, Henry c. h. Patrick c. h. and Germantown, to Salem c. h. once in two weeks. ... 56. From Henry c. h. by Rocky Mount, to Liberty once a week. ... 57. From Petersburg, by Brookington, Namazee Bridge, Henderson, Nottoway c. h. Hungarytown, Double Bridge, Haleyburg, Williamsfield, Bibb's ferry and Scottsburg, to Halifax c. h. once a week. ... 58. From Harrisville, by Fielder's mill, Quarlesville, McFarlands, Lumenburg c. h. Christiansville, Marshallville, Mecklenburg c. h. Davis's, St. Tammany's, Gads Bridge, Edmundson and Fielder's mill, to Harrisville once a week. ... 59. From Harrisville every Tuesday at 6 A. M. arrive at Marshallville by 7 P. M. ... 60. From Petersburg, by Suffolk c. h. Jerusalem and south Quay, to Murfreesboro' N. C. once a week. ... 61. From Smithfield, by Urquhart's ferry, Jerusalem, Bethlehem Cross Roads and Crookery, to Hicks' Ford once a week. ... 62. From Norfolk, by Kempville, N. W. R. Bridge, Tull's Creek, N. C. Indiantown, Jonesboro', Elizabeth city, Nixonton and Hertford, to Edenton once a week. ... 63. From Charlotteville, by Warren, Warrington, New Market, New Glasgow, Amherst c. h. and Mendon, to Lynchburg once a week. ... 64. From Staunton, by Kirkkirk, the Warm springs or Bath c. h. Morris's, C. Baghans and the Sulphur springs to Lewisburg, and from thence by Union Town, the sweet springs, Callaghan's, &c. to Staunton once a week. ... 65. From Lewisburg, by Boyers, Hess's, Morris's, Kanawha c. h. Point Pleasant, Callipolis, and Scioto Sal. works to Chillicothe once in two weeks. ... 66. From Wythe, by Askinluff, Grayson c. h. Scull Camp, Mount Airy and Bethania, to Salem c. h. once a week. ... 67. From Salem c. h. every Tuesday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Salem the next Friday by 10 A. M. ... 68. From Tappahannock to Richmond c. h. once a week. ... 69. From Richmond, by Hanoverstown and Dunkirk, to Tappahannock once a week. ... 70. From Richmond every Wednesday at 1 P. M. arrive at Dunkirk on Thursday by 7 A. M. ... 71. From Dunkirk, by King and Queen c. h. Shackleford, Gloucester c. h. and North L. to Matthews c. h. once a week. ... 72. From Dunkirk every Thursday at 8 A. M. and arrive at Matthews c. h. on Friday by 6 P. M. ... 73. From Richmond by Granville, to Charles City c. h. once a week. ... 74. From Charles City c. h. every Tuesday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Richmond by 4 P. M. ... 75. From Richmond, by Hopkins, Powhatan c. h. Cartersville, New Canton, Buckingham c. h. Bent Creek, Lynchburg, New London and Liberty, to Pinch once a week. ... 76. From Richmond every Wednesday at 1 P. M. arrive at Powhatan c. h. by 9 P. M. ... 77. From Powhatan c. h. every Sunday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Tuesday by 3 P. M. ... 78. From Powhatan c. h. at 4 P. M. and arrive at Richmond on Wednesday by 10 A. M. ... 79. From Richmond, by Manchester, Chesterfield c. h. Springfield, Coleville, Genito Bridge, Prioleville, Perkinville, Pajdville, Ligoustown, and Jamestown, to Farnville once a week. ... 80. From Farnville every Monday at 6 A. M. and arrive at Richmond on Tuesday by 4 P. M. ... 81. From Richmond every Wednesday at 3 A. M. and arrive at Jamestown on Thursday by 3 P. M. ... 82. From Powhatan c. h. by Cumberland c. h. Ca-Ira, Farnville, Prince Edward c. h. and Charlotte c. h. to Halifax c. h. once a week. ... 83. From Powhatan c. h. every Thursday at 10 A. M. and arrive at Prince Edward c. h. on Friday by 4 P. M. ... 84. From Powhatan c. h. on Sunday at 4 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Tuesday by 1 P. M. ... 85. From Powhatan c. h. on Tuesday by 1 P. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Wednesday by 10 A. M. ... 86. From Powhatan c. h. on Wednesday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Thursday by 10 A. M. ... 87. From Powhatan c. h. on Thursday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Friday by 10 A. M. ... 88. From Powhatan c. h. on Friday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Saturday by 10 A. M. ... 89. From Powhatan c. h. on Saturday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Sunday by 10 A. M. ... 90. From Powhatan c. h. on Sunday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Monday by 10 A. M. ... 91. From Powhatan c. h. on Monday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Tuesday by 10 A. M. ... 92. From Powhatan c. h. on Tuesday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Wednesday by 10 A. M. ... 93. From Powhatan c. h. on Wednesday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Thursday by 10 A. M. ... 94. From Powhatan c. h. on Thursday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Friday by 10 A. M. ... 95. From Powhatan c. h. on Friday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Saturday by 10 A. M. ... 96. From Powhatan c. h. on Saturday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Sunday by 10 A. M. ... 97. From Powhatan c. h. on Sunday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Monday by 10 A. M. ... 98. From Powhatan c. h. on Monday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Tuesday by 10 A. M. ... 99. From Powhatan c. h. on Tuesday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Wednesday by 10 A. M. ... 100. From Powhatan c. h. on Wednesday by 10 A. M. and arrive at Powhatan c. h. on Thursday by 10 A. M.
Return. Leave New London on Sunday by 4 A. M. and arrive at Prince Edward c. h. on Monday by 2 P. M. ... 1. The Post-Master-General may expedite the mails and alter the times of arrival and departure at any time during the continuance of the contracts, by depositing an adequate compensation for any extra expense that may be occasioned thereby. ... 2. Fifteen minutes shall be allowed for opening & closing the mails at all offices where no particular time is specified. ... 3. For every thirty minutes delay (unavoidable accidents excepted) in arriving after the time prescribed in any contract, the contractor shall forfeit one dollar; and if the delay continues until the departure of any depending mail, whereby the mails destined for such depending mail lose a trip, an additional forfeiture of five dollars shall be incurred. ... 4. News-Papers as well as letters shall be sent in the mail; and if any person making proposals, desires to carry news papers, other than those conveyed in the mail, for his own emolument, he must state in his proposals for what sum he will carry with the emolument, and for what sum without that emolument. ... 5. Should any person making proposals desire an alteration of the times of arrival and departure above specified, he must state in his proposals the alteration desired, and the difference they will make in the terms of the contract. ... 6. Persons making proposals are desired to state their prices by the year. Those who contract will receive their pay quarterly in the months of August, November, February, May, and July, in one month after the expiration of each quarter. ... 7. No other than a free white person shall be employed to convey the mail. ... 8. Where the proposer intends to convey the mail in the body of a stage carriage, he is desired to state it in his proposals. ... 9. The Post-Master-General reserves to himself the right of declaring any contract at an end whenever three fair ones happen which amount to the loss of a trip each. ... 10. The contracts for the above routes are so in operation on the first day of April next, and are to continue in force for two years.
NOTES.
GIDEON GRANGER. Post-Master-General. GENERAL POST-OFFICE, Washington City, Nov. 13, 1806. BELL TAVERN!! THE Spheriker begs leave to inform his friends and the public, that he has taken the house in Manchester, formerly called the Rising-Sun-Tavern, and occupied by Mrs. Leach, and having furnished himself with good Beds and the best of Liquors, Grains &c. he flatters himself from paying particular attention, he will be able to give general satisfaction. ROBERT MC TYRE. N. B. A Wagon and six Mules, a good Riding-Horse, and a Jack of good flock—for sale. R. M. Manchester, Dec. 2. H. A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BANKS, FOR SALE AT THE OFFICE.