The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1807-03-31 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE... AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM... (PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)
NUMBER 103.]
RICHMOND, TUESDAY MORNING, MARCH 31, 1807.
[VOLUME 3
VIRGINIA BANK STOCK.....101 3/4.
Richmond Prices Current.
   Dolls. Cts.     Tobacco, 5 3/4 to 6   Wheat, New, 1 17   Flour—superfine, New, 6 50   fine, 5 75   Corn per barrel, 4 60   Bacon—per lb.   Bar Iron—per ton, 120 12   Whiskey—per gallon,  
IN CHANCERY.
In King William County Court, March 24th, 1807.
Edward Watson, against Thomas Reeves, (an absent debtor) & John Temple.
THIS day, came the Complainant by his Counsel, and the deft. Thomas Reeves, not having entered his appearance, and given security, according to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this court; and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this country; on the motion of the Complainant, it is ordered, that the said Deft. Thomas Reeves, do appear here, on the fourth day of the May term next, and answer the bill of the Complainant, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper, printed in the city of Richmond, for two months successively, and another copy posted at the front door of the court house, of this county. And it is further ordered, that the Deft. John Temple do not pay, convey away, or secrete any debts by him owing to the other Deft. Thomas Reeves, until the further order or decree of this court.
A Copy. Test, ROBERT POLLARD, c. c. eptm. March 27.
IN CHANCERY.
United States Court, Fifth Circuit, and Virginia District, November term, 1806.
Cunningham Corbett, John Laurie, Gilbert Hamilton, John Sterling, and George Lothian, assignees of Ninian Minzies, Pliffs against,
William Johnson, one of the heirs and devisees of Edward Johnson, dec'd. Henrietta Johnson and Edward Johnson, likewise heirs and devisees of Edward Johnson, dec'd. and infants under the age of twenty-one years, by William Hickman their guardian, John Powell and Elizabeth his wife, formerly Elizabeth Johnson, widow of said Edward Johnson, dec'd. William Bently administrator of William Ronald, dec'd. William Fenwick and Catharine his wife, which said William is administrator, &c. of Andrew Ronald, dec'd. administered by William Wifham, late administrator of the said Andrew Ronald, dec'd. Andrew Ronald and William Stephen Ronald & George Ronald, children of the said Andrew Ronald, dec'd. Sally Ronald and Jane Ronald by the said William Fenwick their guardian, William Murray, Betsy Ronald and Nancy Ronald, co-heirs of said William Ronald, dec'd. Samuel Pleasants, jr. Goodrich Crump, Brett Randolph, William Hickman, Edward Bentley, Catharine Cocke, John Archer, John Swann, Benjamin Harris, Peterfield Archer and Richard Archer, securities to William Bentley, as administrator, &c. of said William Ronald, dec'd. Robert Goodie, one of the securities to William Ronald, dec'd. and Edward Carrington and John A. Cheville, administrators of William Wifham, dec'd. Defts. and Samuel Donaldson, surviving partner of Gibson, Donaldson and Hamilton, Pliffs against, The same Defts.
THESE causes coming on again to be further heard on the papers formerly read, the amended bills, bills of revivor and answers thereto, replicati- ons, exhibits and reports of a commissioner, made pursuant to the orders of the eighth of June and ninth of December, in the last year, and was argued by counsel; on consideration whereof, the court setting aside the order made in the first hour on the fourteenth day of June last, for the present doth adjudge, order and decree, that unless the defendants, co-heirs of William Ronald, dec'd. who was one of the executors of Edward Johnson, dec'd. shall, on or before the first day of the next month, pay into the Bank of Virginia, the sum of twelve thousand and forty dollars fifty one cents, and the costs expended by the plaintiffs in both suits, including the fees of the commissioner in taking the several accounts under the orders of this court; subject to the future order of this court, that William Berkeley, Josiah Ellis and William Mann, who are appointed commissioners for that purpose, any two of whom may act to lay off and allot to Catharine Cocke, late Catharine Ronald, widow of the said William Ronald, dec'd. her dower in the following tracts or parcels of land, whereof the said William died seized and possessed, to wit: one tract in the county of Powhatan, whereon he lived, containing fifteen hundred acres, also one other tract in the same county, containing forty four acres, purchased by him of F. Woodson, together with two tracts in the county of Goochland, the one on Beaver-lam creek, containing nine hundred acres, the other ten acres called Little Island, & after allotting to the said Catharine her dower in the same, that they having advertised the time and place of such sale, for six weeks successively, in one or more of the newspapers printed in the city of Richmond, do sell at public auction, for ready money, the remaining two third parts of the said four tracts or parcels of land (except so much of the nine hundred acres tract in the county of Goochland, as is stated in the report of the commissioner to have been claimed by a certain Jacob Johnston, about which the court will at a future day decide) as also the reversion in the other third, to be allotted to the said Catharine as her dower, subject however to the extent of Ann Barclay, in the said report mentioned, and after defraying the expenses of laying off the dower, and making the sale aforesaid thereof, pay the same into court subject to its future order. And the said commissioners who may act, are directed to report their proceedings to the court. And the court doth further order that the defts, administrators of William Wifham, dec'd. who was executor of Andrew Ronald, dec'd. who was surviving executor of the said Edward Johnson, dec'd. do on the tenth day of the next term, pay into the court the sum of six hundred and eighty-five pounds four shillings and two pence, of the value of two thousand two hundred and eighty four dollars, three cents, with interest thereon, to be computed after the rate of five per centum per annum, from the thirty first day of December, one thousand eight hundred, till payment, subject to the future order of the court. And the court doth recommend the report made in these facts to commissioner Greenhow, with directions to take the accounts required by the former orders made in these suits, as also the account of William Ronald's administration on the estate of the said Edward Johnson, dec'd. in so far as any errors or omissions may have been made in the report made by commissioner Hay, in a suit depending in the superior court of Chancery for the Richmond district, between Powell and others, and the administrators of the said William Ronald, dec'd. and others; a copy of which
is among the exhibits in these suits, and of the co-partnership of the said William Ronald and Edward Johnson, of whom the said William was surviving partner, if either party shall require the same to be taken, together with an account of the deft. William Bentley's administration of the estate of William Ronald, dec'd. in so far as any errors or omissions may be found therein, as also an account of any monies received by the said William Bentley, as guardian of the defts. co-heirs of the said William Ronald, dec'd. or in any other character, by sales, or otherwise, or any part of the real estate whereof the said William Ronald died seized or possessed, or to which he claimed any title in law or equity, to be by him examined, stated, settled, and to the court reported, with any matters thought pertinent by himself or required by the parties to be specially stated. And the court doth direct, that the said commissioners who may act, do (if the plaintiffs in these suits will consent thereto) sell the said lands upon such credits as they may agree to, and take bonds with security from the purchasers, for the payment of the same, payable to the marshal of this district, and also retain the title of the said lands, and in case default should be made in the payment of the said money so agreed to be given for the said lands or any part thereof, that the said commissioners do sell such part of the land as shall be unpaid for, and pay the money so due into court, and the residue, if any, pay to the original purchaser. And on the motion of John Bracken and William Coleman they are admitted parties plaintiffs in these causes, & a subpoena is awarded them against the defendants returnable here, &c.
A Copy. Teste, Wm. MARSHALL, Clerk.
IN Pursuance of the foregoing decree, we shall proceed to sell at Public Auction, for ready money, at the times and places following, that is to say: The tract in the county of Powhatan, containing 1500 acres, at Powhatan court-house, on the third Wednesday in April, 1807, being the 15th of the Month, and court day of the said county; the other tract in the said county of Powhatan, containing forty-four acres, at the court-house of the said county, on the said third Wednesday in April next; The tract on Beaver-lam creek, in the county of Goochland, containing 900 acres, at Goochland court house, on the third Monday in April, 1807, being the 20th of the Month, and court day of the said county; and the other tract of ten acres, called Little Island, in the said county of Goochland, at the court-house of the said county of Goochland, on the said third Monday in April next, in the year 1807.
WILLIAM BERKELEY, } Commissioners. JOSIAH ELLIS, WILLIAM MANN, } epgw. It being more advantageous to the defendants, who are interested in the foregoing tracts of land, that they should be sold, on credit, than for cash; and the plaintiffs, by their counsel, having assented to a sale on credit; the same will be accordingly sold on credit. The lands will be sold off for sale in the manner, which shall seem most beneficial. One fourth of the purchase money is to be paid down in cash; one half of the remaining three-fourths in six months from the day of sale, and the balance in nine months from the same period. The conveyances to the purchasers are not to be made, until the whole amount of their respective purchases shall be discharged. The Goochland lands will be sold at Goochland court-house on the court day thereof, in the month of April next; to wit, on the third Monday, being the 20th day of April.
WILLIAM BERKELEY, } Commissioners. JOSIAH ELLIS, Wm. MANN, } March 3.
NOTICE. ALL persons indebted to Humphrey Dabney, are requested to make immediate payment to him, or to either of the Subscribers, Trustees .—And all those having claims are requested to bring them forward, properly attested, on or before the 15th day of April next, at which time a dividend will be made of the estate. GALE RALSTON, } Trustees. HENRY HOYT, } ept 15A. March 27.
NOTICE. ALL those having claims against the late firm of Thomas Scott & Co. of Powhatan County, as Archibald McCrae who was one of the partners in that business, will render their accounts properly authenticated to the subscriber in all the month of April next, that a dividend may be made of such funds as has come into his hands, as soon thereafter as possible. JAMES FISHER. March 20.
NOTICE. ALL persons having claims against the estate of William Maitland, deceased, of Chesterfield county, wherein I am concerned, are requested to bring them forward, their accounts properly authenticated, on or before the first day of April next, as provision may be made for the discharge of the same. Also, all those having claims against the estate of Andrew Scott, dec'd. of said county, are requested to come forward; and those indebted, to pay off their respective accounts, as no indulgence will be given, and this notice plead in bar, of any claim brought forward, after the above date, as I intend to close my administration, to April court. ROBERT M'TYRE, Adm'r of ANDREW SCOTT. March 10.
NOTICE. ALL persons having claims against the estate of John Pendleton, eq. late of the City of Richmond, dec'd. are requested to exhibit them to either of the subscribers as speedily as possible. GEO. PICKETT, ROBERT POLLARD, CHS. JOHNSTON, N. SHEPPARD. } Administrators. November 18.
LAST NOTICE. By virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed to me by Richard Ferguson for purposes therein specified. WILL CERTAINLY BE SOLD, To the highest bidder for cash, on Monday the 13th of April next, at Louisa C. N. that being Court day: THREE likely NEGROES, the property of Richard Ferguson, consisting of two men and a boy. All persons inclined to purchase are requested to attend. Wm. WHITE, Trustee. Louisa, March 20.
WILL BE SOLD, On Monday the 27th of April next, at the late Dwelling-House of Overton Cobby, Esq. dec'd. in Urbanna. THREE SLAVES, one good Watch, a number of valuable Books, and all the household and kitchen Furniture, belonging to said deceased;—On sums above five dollars, nine months credit will be allowed the purchasers on their giving bond with approved security. All persons indebted to said estate are requested to make immediate payment, as no indulgence can be given, those having claims are desired to exhibit them properly authenticated, to THE ADMINISTRATORS. Middlesex, March 24.
PROPOSALS WILL be received by the executive, for furnishing the convicts in the Penitentiary, with rations for one year, from the first day of next month. The component parts of each ration, may be ascertained, by persons willing to contract, by applying to DANIEL L. HYLTON, Clerk, C. C. March 27.
RICHARD BROOKE, At the sign of the Plough, nearly opposite the Street leading from Mayo's Bridge:—Has just received and opened part of his SPRING GOODS, and daily expects the remainder, which being laid in on the left terms, he will sell on the most reduced prices, for cash or Country Produce. AMONG THEM ARE..... CLOTHS & KERSEYMERE, Red, brown & yellow Merlaines, Bandana do. India Dimities, Madras do. Do. Calicoes, Silk Gloves, Furniture do. Velvet Ribbons, Ginghams, Sewing Silk, Silk and Cotton Chambray, Nuns Thread, 9-3 & 5-4 Cambric, Coloured do. Mullins, Linen Cambric, Plain & Laced do. Long Lawn, Hook do. Dimities & Cambric Dimities, Plain & Worked Leno, 7-8 & 4-4 Irish Linen, Crapes & Sarcenets, Diaper, Plaitillas, Laces & Ribbons, White & brown Plaitillas, Silk & Cotton Shawls, Do. Counterpanes, Dowlas, Gentlemen & Ladies Silk, Ozanburgs, & Cotton Hose, Ticklenburg, Silk, Cotton & Leather, Linen & Cotton Checks, Suspenders, With Hardware and a variety of other articles, Silk Umbrellas, He wishes to rent the upper part of the House consisting of four rooms, two of which are very large & have been recently repaired, together with the necessary Out Houses. March 24. G.W.
WANTED, As an Apprentice in a Dry Good Store, a boy with good recommendations, from 12 to 15 years of age. Apply to the Printer, March 27.
THE SUBSCRIBERS, UNDER THE FIRM OF LESUEUR & SAUNDERS, Inform their friends and the public, that they will continue the COMMISSION business, lately done by C. & T. Saunders. They promise the strictest attention to the interests of those who may favor them with consignments. They are now receiving a general and extensive assortment of GROCERIES, which will be offered for sale, Wholesale and Retail, on the lowest terms and usual credit, in the store lately occupied by Messrs. William M'Kenzie & Co. opposite the Foundry Office of Messrs. Prosser & Mearns—among which are the following articles:
 BROWN SUGAR of Bar Iron, German, Craw-  superior quality, ley's & Blistered Steel,  Ditto ditto second ditto, Antigua & Jamaica Rum,  Bett Green Coffee, Very Old Antigua Rum,  Salt in Sacks, Holland Gin,  Molasses and Treacle, Cognac Brandy, of very  Pickled Salmon, superior quality,  Scotch Barley, Race, Ginger, Pepper,  Madeira Port, Sherry & Pimento, Nutmegs,  Malaga Wine, Mace, Cloves & Cin-  Fresh Muscatel Raisins & namon,  Currants, Fresh London Mustard,  Soft Shelled Almonds, in small boxes,  Coppers, Bell Fluted Indigo and  Saltpetre, Fig Blue, of superior  Patent Shot, well assorted, quality, in boxes of  Hibbert's Brown Stout 20 lbs. each.  and Porter, Fresh Capers, Oil, &c.  Best Spanish Segars, Fresh Gunpowder,  Caldwell, Frazer & Co's, Tea in Cannisters,  Superfine Chocolate, Ditto by the lb.  New-York Candles and, Young Hyson do. of the  Soap, first quality,  Spermaceti Candles, N. England & Bull's  Cheese. 
JOHN L. LESUEUR, C. H. SAUNDERS. October 10.
DISSOLUTION OF CO-PARTNERSHIP. THE COPARTNERSHIP of C. and T. Saunders, is dissolved by mutual consent. All debts due by the concern will be adjusted and paid by Lesueur and Saunders, who are alone authorized to settle all claims due to and by the concern. C. H. SAUNDERS, TARLTON SAUNDERS.
N. B. Those indebted are requested to make immediate payment as no further indulgence can be given. LESUEUR, & SAUNDERS. Nov. 22.
LAND—FOR SALE. THE subscriber offers for sale, a Tract of LAND, lying on the Tyse river, in the county of Amherst, being part of the estate of the late col. John Rife, containing by actual survey 1005 acres. It is three miles distant from the Court-house, and twenty miles from Warm Springs—There are from 150 to 200 acres of this tract cleared, the residue is heavily timbered with Oak, Hickory, Chestnut, &c. The soil of the land, which is inferior to none in its vicinity, is admirably adapted to the culture of Tobacco, Corn, Wheat, &c.—Its contiguity to Major Maffey's manufacturing Mill, will be a circumstance of great greater advantage to a purchaser.—Possession will be given on the first day of the ensuing year, with liberty to fox small grain this next Fall.—One third of the purchase money will be required in hand—for the other payments a liberal indulgence will be given—The land will be shown by Mr. Alexander B. Rife or Capt. A. Morgan, residing in the neighborhood—Those wishing to purchase, may know the terms of sale by applying to the subscriber. THOMAS FITZHUGH. Balconet, Stafford county, March 17.
FOR SALE. THE BEAUTIFUL SEAT OF BELVIDERE adjoining this city, with four acres adjacent, or any additional quantity, not exceeding twenty, which will be laid off to suit the purchaser. The dwelling house contains on the first floor, a spacious dining room, a parlour, a small sitting room, a chamber and two rooms, with a passage through the centre of the building, and a correspondent number of apartments in the second floor. To the principal buildings, are attached all the outbuildings requisite for a large establishment, and the whole are in a state of good repair. Any person desirous to purchase, may know the terms, on which the above property will be disposed of, by applying to E. HARVEY. March 8.
TWENTY-EIGHT BARRELS APPLES, FOR SALE BY WHITE & SHELTON. March 10.
BELL TAVERN!! THE Subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the public, that he has taken the house in Manchester, formerly called the Rising Sun Tavern, and occupied by Mrs. Leath, and having furnished himself with good Beds and the best of Liquors, Grain, &c. he flatters himself from paying particular attention, he will be able to give general satisfaction. ROBERT McTYRE.
N. B. A Waggon and six Mules, a good Riding-Horse, and a Jack of good flock—for sale. R. M. Manchester, Dec.
JOHN TOMPKINS, HAS received an assortment of GOODS Consisting of FLANNELS, Coatings, Blankets, Rope and Duffel, Drabs, Frize, Kerseys, Feanough, Cloths, Carpets and Carpeting, Bombazets, Swansdown, Patent Cord, Powder and Shot, Dowlas, Sheetings, Kerseymere, Calicoes and Mullins, &c. &c. which he will dispose of on very liberal terms, by the piece or package. Nov. 12. tf.
THE Subscriber has commenced the practice of the LAW, and has determined to prosecute it with the greatest assiduity in all the courts held in this place. He will, likewise, regularly attend the county courts of Goochland and Chesterfield. His Office is over the store of Mr. Burr, in the second house above the Eagle Tavern. Wm. HAY, JR. eptf. Richmond, Feb. 27.
LOST, On Friday last in the Street—A small red morocco POCKET-BOOK, containing sundry papers of use only to the owner. Whoever delivers the same at the Office of the Esquire, shall receive five dollars reward. Richmond, March 6. tf.
RICHMOND TURNPIKE COMPANY. At a meeting of the Directors of the Richmond Turnpike Company, held at the Eagle Tavern, on Friday evening, the 20th February, 1807. RESOLVED, That the further sum of five dollars be paid on each share, held by the stock-holders in the company to Nathaniel Sheppard their treasurer, on or before the first day of April next. A Copy. Teste, N. SHEPPARD, Clerk. (USRA) February 27.
JUST RECEIVED, A FRESH Assortment of Claret Wines, Champagne, Mousseux by the box, Burgundy, Sautern, Vin de Grave, Lafitte, Mufcat of Frontignac Wine Bitters—and also, a fresh supply of Olives, Capers, Anchovies, Cayenne Pepper, Mustard, Prunes, Raisins by the box, Almonds and Filberts. All kind of West-India Sweetmeats; all kind of Confectionery—and different articles of Perfumery—For Sale by ALEXANDER PLAINVILLE. Richmond, Oct. 17. (2aw6m)
A SIZE OF BREAD for the city of Richmond, from the 6th inst. until further orders (Superfine Flour being 7 Dollars and 34 Cents per Barrel) viz. A single loaf made of Superfine Flour to weigh 23 ozs. for 4 1-2 Ditto of Common Flour 24 " 4 1-2 Double the above wt. respectively 9 January 6. EDW. CARRINGTON, Mayor.
TO RENT, THE TENEMENT lately occupied by Mrs. Whitaker, in an agreeable retired situation and very convenient for a family. Wm. M'KIM. Richmond, March 6.
A Meeting of the visitors of WILLIAM & MARY COLLEGE, is requested on the 26th of the present month. SAMUEL TYLER, Reflar. March 10. 3w.
CITY ELECTION. THE Electors qualified by law to vote for COMMON COUNCIL-MEN & ALDERMEN of the city of Richmond, are hereby notified to assemble on the first Wednesday in April next, and cause to be chosen eight fit and proper persons from each ward to serve as common Councilmen and Aldermen for one year. The election for Jefferson ward, will be held at the Court House, for Madison ward at the Eagle Tavern, and for Monroe ward at Mr. Thomas Whites new brick house, near the old Academy; the poll will be opened in each ward, precisely at 10 o'clock. JOHN F. PRICE, Serjt. March 20.
TO BE SOLD, FOR READY MONEY. IN pursuance of a Deed of Trust, from Wm. Bentley, Esq. executed on the 28th day of Jan. 1806, and recorded in the Richmond District Court, in order to raise the sum of five hundred dollars due to Ann Berkeley with the expenses of sale. A TRACT of LAND in the county of Goochland, on Beaver-lam Creek, containing 6 hundred acres more or less, it being that part of the Tract of Land formerly owned by Wm. Ronalds, which was sold under a decree of the High Court of Chancery, in the suit Jefferson vs. Ronalds Representatives, and whereof the said Bentley became the purchaser, or in much thereof as shall be sufficient to raise the said sum of money and the expenses. The sale will take place at Goochland Court-House, on Monday the 20th day of April next. E. CARRINGTON, } Trustees. J. WICKHAM, } Richmond, March 20. tdf.
WASHINGTON TAVERN! ODEN & MOORE have taken the WASHINGTON TAVERN, adjoining the Capitol Square, lately occupied by Edward Hallam. At considerable expence, they have provided themselves with excellent accommodations for their friends, and invite their's and the public patronage. They are determined to keep as good a table and as genteel an inn as any in Richmond.—Furnished ROOMS, adjoining the Tavern, and every necessary attendance, for families travelling—Both the Co-partners having been well-versed in this business, flatter themselves with the expectation of tendering general satisfaction. Richmond, February 17. tf.
THE FARMER'S VIRGINIA ALMANACK, for the Year 1807, printed by Thomas Ritchie, is now for sale, by the gross, dozen or single, at the ENQUIRER Book-Store. ALSO—A General Assortment of Lawyers' and Sheriffs' BLANKS, just printed.
Europe.
Continuation of Foreign News received at Boston, by the ship Packet, with London dates to the 12th February.
BATTLE OF PULTUSK. RUSSIAN OFFICIAL ACCOUNT.
Gen. Benningsen to the King of Prussia. I have the happiness most respectfully to acquaint your Majesty, that I have succeeded in repulsing the enemy, who yesterday morning attacked me on every point near Pultusk. The main attack was made by general Souche, at the head of 15,000 men, on my left wing, near Farmquarka, in the view of getting possession of that town; I had only 5,000 men under Gen. Bagganaut, to oppose the enemy on that side; they made a brave defence, until I sent a reinforcement of three battalions in reserve, and afterwards three more under general Tolstoy, by which means the right wing of the French was totally defeated.—The second attack, equally brisk, was made on my right flank, where Gen. Barkelby de Tolly was posted with the vanguard. The wing extended on the road towards Szegocyn to a small wood, where I had placed a covered battery, which the enemy attempted to turn. I therefore made a movement backward on their right, which succeeded so well, that I not only frustrated the attempt of the enemy, but was also so fortunate as to reinforce Gen. Barkelby de Tolly, with three battalions, ten squadrons, and one battery to repulse the enemy; on which the enemy retreated from the wood.
"The attack commenced at eleven in the morning, and lasted until dark. From the relation of all the prisoners, I was opposed by Messieurs Murat, Davoust and Lannes, with an army exceeding 50,000 men. They have lost about 5,000, according to their own account. "All my troops fought with the greatest bravery. The following generals particularly distinguished themselves: Officer, Tolstoy, Barkelby de Tolly, Prince Dolgorouky, Bagganaut, Somhoff and Sitoff, of the infantry, also Colonel Davidofsky and Gondoff, &c. &c.
"Field-Marshal Kamenofsky departed from Pultusk for Ostroienka on the morning of the 26th December, previous to the attack, and again gave the whole command to me, so that I have had the good fortune to command alone in this affair, and to beat the enemy. "I have to lament that the long expected succour of Gen. Buxhowden had not arrived, although he was but two German miles distant, and even halted half way. I should otherwise have been able to follow up my victory. I have further to lament that the total want of provision and forage oblige me to retire with my corps to Rozaw; the enemy had not molested me in my retreat. (Signed)
BENNINGSEN. Rozaw, the 27th (15th) Dec. 1806."
ABSTRACT OF OTHER RUSSIAN OFFICIAL ACCOUNTS.
"Daily skirmishes from the 23d December preceded the battle of the 26th, when Benningsen having been reinforced by a division under Prince Gallitzin, resolved to make a stand.—The French were under the immediate command of Bonaparte, who confided the attack upon the Russian wings to Davoust and Lannes, they appeared to have made some impression in the early part of the attack. Davoust forced General Bagganaut to fall back; but the latter having been promptly reinforced, Davoust's progress was effectually checked. Meanwhile Lannes was endeavouring to turn the Russian right wing. The principal attack and heat of the battle appears to have been in that quarter. Bonaparte directed the operations in person. An underwood favored the approach of the French, who obliged the Russian advanced guard to fall back upon the main body. But Benningsen had foreseen that the chief efforts of the enemy would be made upon his right wing; and had thrown up a masked battery between the front of his main body and the advanced guard that had been posted to cover it. So soon therefore as the advanced guard was forced by the impetuosity of the attack made upon it to fall back, the masked battery opened upon the enemy a most galling fire of grape shot which soon checked their progress.—General Tolsty, who had the command of the advanced guard, pushed forward again, but was again obliged to fall back, and the enemy attempted to outflank the battery. Benningsen saw that this was the critical moment, and with great promptitude, skill and decision, ordered his right wing to change front, reinforced General Tolsty from his centre, and having thus stopped the progress of the enemy, made an attack upon them himself, General Osterman advancing with his division towards the right, and Benningsen supported him with a strong train of artillery and 20 squadrons of cavalry. He ordered also the remainder of the cavalry to form their front in his centre, which had the effect of keeping the centre of the French from making a movement to support their left wing. The attack and the defence were furious and sanguinary; the French fought with desperation but were obliged at last to fall back, and were driven in confusion from the field."
INTERESTING ACCOUNTS, FROM SWEDISH POMERANIA, [Translated from the Gazettes of Copenhagen.]
"The King has, by proclamation, appointed a Diet to meet at Gripswald.—Every noble family is to send one representative. The clergy delegates, the general-superintendent, and two ministers from each of the nine Propositures, who are to be chosen by the respective clergymen in them, by a plurality of votes. The order of Burghers will be represented by three citizens of Stralsund; two from Gripswald, Wolgast and Rugen, and one from each of the other towns. The order of Yeomanry, which comprehends all persons that own landed estates, or hold perpetual tenure of the royal domains, but do not belong to either of the other three orders, and have not held, nor hold any public office, is to form the follow-

ing delegation:—Those of each parish choose a Parochial deputy, by plurality of votes. These deputies meet in their respective districts, called Amts , and by the mode of plurality, choose from each district, eight delegates for the Diet, either among themselves, or among others who were not elected Parochial delegates."
"The King's speech to the States on commencing the Diet, breathes a spirit of wisdom, benevolence, candour, and piety. His object in the new constitution, was their felicity, an equality of right with the Swedish people, and a firm union with them, so requisite for their peace and security. Nor should this union abolish their connection with the German empire; it was far from his wishes to give such example in this eventful period. He entreated each order in particular, to exert those talents, virtues, and means, that characterised them. The conclusion is thus:—'You will now be called forth to confirm, by solemn oath, your obligations to me, and to your country, in the form prescribed by the Swedish law. My reciprocal duty, being equally sacred, I shall first, tender it, before the King of Kings, and in your mother tongue. Happy to reign over a people, distinguished by piety to God, fidelity to its King, and mutual concord, I implore for you grace and blessing from the Most High, and assure all of ye, and each in particular, of my royal favour and kindness.'"
"The King made another speech to the States, concerning the new organization of Pomerania. Among the essential matters are:—the introduction of the Swedish Common Law, published 1734, and now translated into German, the formation of a new haven at Klein Zyker on Rugen: the additional strengthening of Stralsund; and a plan for moving the suburbs farther from the fortifications."
PETERSBURG, Jan. 6.
The prisoners we have taken declare that they have lost in killed alone, above 6000; our loss does not exceed 2000 men.
FALMOUTH, (Eng.) Feb. 4.
Arrived this day, the Windsor-Castle , capt. Sutton, from New-York and Halifax, 23 days passage from the former.
LONDON, Feb. 10.
It is supposed that the campaign is over, and that as the French are gone into winter-quarters, no warlike operations will take place for some time. But it should seem from the last dispatches from Russia, as if marshal Kaminofsky had concentrated his army within the circuit of a few miles, for the purpose of resuming offensive operations immediately. He is only waiting the supplies that are on their way to him for forage and provisions. The Russian troops are peculiarly calculated for carrying on war during the winter, and we should imagine that Kaminofsky will attack the French in their cantonments. The two armies are so near each other, particularly those detachments that are between the Omuliec and the Orecy.
That the six centinels almost receive. The secret whispers of each other's watch. The Russian army is in the best state, full of confidence and enthusiasm, and impatient to meet the enemy.
We are more and more convinced, that Buxhowden was not engaged at all on the 26th Dec. If our readers will refer to the disposition of the Russian divisions, they will find his division occupying a position in the rear of Ostrolenka, at Gienki, Nowygrod, and Lioniza.
The utmost exertions continue to be used in the king's dock-yards at Chatham, Portsmouth and Plymouth, in order to get ready a fleet for the Baltic. Sixteen of the line, mostly old 74's, are to be cut down and fitted for sea, with masts of the rate of 74's.
Gen. Paoli died on Thursday night, at a very advanced age, at his house near the Edgware road; famous for the part he took in the affairs of Corsica, in the reign of Louis the fifteenth, and the good father of Bonaparte.
Private letters from a very respectable merchant at St. Petersburg, to his brother in London, dated 6th Jan.
"Long live our brave emperor and his gallant army! Is the universal exclamation at St. Petersburg. Vasilikoff, the courier, arrived from the army in Poland yesterday, at 11 o'clock, and brought the auspicious tidings that our brave soldiers had defeated the French in a masterly style, with the loss on the side of the enemy of 4000 men killed and 6000 prisoners. The particulars I have this instant learned, from a highly respectable quarter. They are as follows:
"The scarcity of provisions in the French army, and the hope of ending the campaign by a decisive blow, concurred to induce Bonaparte to pass the Vistula, at the head of 60,000 men. On the 23rd of Dec. he advanced to the outposts of gen. Benningen's army, where gen. Osterman commanded. Although Benningen's force was formidable, (55,000 men,) he preferred at first the prudent alternative of retreating, during the 23rd, 24th and 25th Dec. On each of these days skirmishes took place, but on the 26th the two armies made a stand in sight of each other, at a village called Selin, which lay between them. This village Bonaparte, who commanded in person, set on fire, to cover his attack on the Russians, whom he thus thought to envelope in smoke. This artifice, however, was soon turned against himself; for Benningen, discovering his intention, instantly formed his reserve into a hollow square, which advanced, unperceived, under the smoke of the village. This gallant corps marched with fixed bayonets; the Russian line opened to let them pass through, and they never stopped till they reached the centre of the French. Here an obstinate conflict took place; but the Russians succeeded in not only routing their centre, but also turning both their wings. The left wing of the French being broken by the Russian infantry, was entirely borne down and dispersed by general Chapits, at the head of the cavalry, who killed 2000 men. Their right wing shared a similar fate from gen. Kozen, at the head of his Yagers. The route of the French was complete. Davoust, Launey, Bonaparte himself, all fled in confusion to Pultusk, which is eleven miles from the scene of action, and had been Benningen's head-quarters until the 23rd instant."
"It is inconceivable what exultation this victory has caused throughout St. Petersburg. Benningen is by birth a Hanoverian; but such is the enthusiasm for Britain in Russia, that the people persist in calling him an Englishman. His victory is very generally compared to the battle of Maida. Both of these memorable events have proved that the only way of fighting the French is to charge them with the bayonet."
"The Cossacks particularly signalized themselves in this glorious affair. Their general orders from Kaminofsky are, to rush ventre a ventre , into the very heart of the French artillery."
It was this artillery which annoyed the Russians so dreadfully at Austerlitz; but we trust our brave irregulars, the Cossacks and Bashkirs, will prove an over match for it; in which case Kaminofsky has declared he will answer for the success of the war, since our infantry is decidedly superior."
"Bonaparte's spies appear to have been as unsuccessful as his soldiers. When Kaminofsky was at Grodno, one of these, pretending to be a Prussian general, brought a letter, signed apparently by his Prussian majesty, and requesting a confidential communication of the intended route of the Russian forces. The sagacious veteran instantly penetrated the fraud. Two Cossacks stripped the wretch, and, after administering to him some salutary correction, Kaminofsky ordered him to return to Bonaparte, and to shew him on his back the route of the Russian army."
"The account I have given you has been personally confirmed by Vasilikoff, the courier, who was an eye-witness of the action; and I send it you by a messenger, who is on the point of departure for England."
DEMI OFFICIAL BULLETIN.
"Colonel Kruser arrived at Konigsberg on the 3rd Jan. with dispatches from gen. Kalkreuth, and a Russian messenger following the day after, with dispatches from gen. Kamenskoy. Excepting a trifling affair on the 28th December in which a detachment of French cavalry made an unsuccessful attempt to cut off a corps of Cossacks, which was posted in advance of Rozaw, it does not appear that any engagement has taken place subsequent to the 26th."
"The victory of the Russians on the 26th, was decisive; its consequence would probably have been more important, had not gen. Benningen been restrained in his pursuit of the enemy, by intelligence that the divisions of Ney and Augereau had formed a junction near Grodno, and were advancing in his rear; the approach of night likewise contributed to the escape of the enemy."
"Upwards of seventy pieces of cannon, taken from the enemy on the 26th, had on the 30th arrived at Ostrolenka, several others were buried in the roads. The peasantry cheerfully assisted in their conveyance."
"French troops are joining the Russian army, which by the middle of February will comprise three hundred thousand men between the Neimen and the Vistula."
"Gen. Tolly commands a corps of 16,000 men at Silece; gen. Baggonaut is posted at the little village of Martinky, on the Omuliec, across which river he has established a bridge; general Tolly commands the advance of the left wing of the army at Sielun; the rear, with general Osterman, has fallen back upon the strong position of Kolno; and the other corps of the army, under the orders of prince Dolgorouky, gen. Somdoff, &c. occupy Wizna, Biallstock, Mazow, &c. General Buxhowden's division occupies Nowygrod, Clinki, Lomza, &c."
"The whole of the army is thus concentrated within the circuit of a few miles, notwithstanding the difficulty to provide provisions and forage; and it is hence obvious, that general Kamenskoy is determined to resume offensive operations the moment he is in a condition to do so. The Russian army is impatient to meet the enemy—nothing can surpass their enthusiasm and confidence."
"General Stoff, previous to the affair at Fraingurkau, read at the head of his detachment, one of the French bulletins, containing scurrilous reflections on the Russian army, on which the soldiers in tumultuous indignation, exclaimed, "Lead us on, and we will punish our calumniators." A strong Prussian corps has taken possession of the defiles of Nikolainen. The French division under Ney, has fallen back behind the Dribentz; and a corps of about 3000 men, which had pushed beyond Ostrolenka, was surrounded by a Prussian regiment at Dentsch Eylau, and cut to pieces."
"That you may judge of the risk and danger which attended Bonaparte's person, his aide-de-camp, Segur is taken prisoner. Every one is anxiously waiting further particulars."
"Such is the official account published at Petersburg.—In every point of view it deserves to be considered as a great victory. We shall be told, perhaps, that no ground was gained, and that it did not produce the effect of forcing the French to abandon the Narew, and fall back upon the Vistula.—But it is the first decisive check that the arms of Bonaparte have experienced upon the continent. He has gone on from victory to victory, in an unbroken series, till at last it had almost begun to be believed that whoever he carried his arms they must be successful. The Russians, however, have awakened that belief, and beat him in a battle in which he commanded in person, superintending the operations, and directing all the movements. Had he not been there, it would have been said the battle was lost because he was absent. It is to be remarked too, that the French were beat, not by superior numbers, but by the promptitude & decision of the Russian movements, by the dexterity and skill of the Russians manoeuvres."
"Considering the victory in this point of view, deeming it an achievement highly honorable to the Russian arms, and affording us an earnest of future success, we must say we were disgusted at the cold, cheerless manner in which the government gazette speaks of the battle. Instead of the tone of congratulation and triumph, we find a chilling comfortless acknowledgement that the Russians, "though unprepared for this contest, have made their retreat without any considerable loss, certainly with an army unbroken—with a victory, by their own accounts."
"By the middle of this month, the Russian army between the Niemen and the Vistula will be 300,000 strong."
"The Petersburg official accounts makes no mention of any battles after the 26th; and it is to be remarked that in that account, as well as in general Benningen's letter to the king of Prussia, not a word is said of Buxhowden's division.—Was it really not engaged? and is the French report of the battle with Buxhowden a mere invention? We must suppose it to be so, because we find Benningen's left wing engaged with the division under Davoust, who was said, in the French Bulletin, to have attacked Buxhowden."
BATTLE OF JENA.
[FROM A GERMAN PUBLICATION.]
"Whoever is acquainted with the Prussian states, will certainly see with vexation an edifice undermined, that once contained so much excellence, and which might so easily once more have retrieved its ancient dignity and consistency, if the heads of the empire had understood the prognostics of the times and had been willing to submit to a few necessary reforms. A reform was particularly requisite in that part of the military system which excluded from all promotion in the army the most learned and enlightened members of society, viz. the higher classes of the citizens, not of the rank of nobility; & it is remarkable, that an order issued in
France, similar to that which appeared in Prussia some years ago, permitting the nobility alone to be promoted, preceded the disturbances in the army which ended in the breaking out of the revolution."
"Those who are well informed on the subject assure us, that prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, the night before the battle of Saalfeld, in which he fell, foretold to several of his confidential friends the fate of the Prussian army. The counsels of colonel Von Plotho were never listened to from the beginning."
"Three principal errors probably hurled the Prussian army into the gulph of destruction. The first was an inconceivable disregard of anything like a regular plan, and a heedless security. Only a few battalions were stationed in Thuringer wood and hills, the passes and fastnesses of which could have been informously defended against the most superior force in the world, by a few cannon and sharpshooters. It is incredible, but nevertheless true, that the Prussian generals left all the most important passes on the Saal, unoccupied; and when this was remarked by some Saxon engineers, they were laughed at, as if no enemy could come there. The Prussians had almost no reconnoitering parties, and they never suspected that the emperor of the French, with his main body, had advanced within a few miles of them."
"How differently was the emperor Napoleon supplied in this respect; and how far superior was he in point of vigilance and activity? When he had fixed his head quarters at Auma, early in the morning two prisoners were brought in who had been seized as spies.—It soon appeared, however, that they were very honest men, as in their answers they completely coincided with each other. One of them was a son of the celebrated Scottish baronet, sir John Sinclair, who was studying at the university of Gottingen, and having been on a visit to Gotha the road by which he was returning was cut off, and he was travelling through the Prussian main army to Leipzig. His companion was a garrison preacher of Gotha. The young Scotchman had a plan of study drawn up by his father in his pocket book, and soon proved his innocence. The emperor himself conversed with him so early as two o'clock in the morning, and when he learned from him that the Prussians had no suspicion of his being so near, he exclaimed, turning to the bye-standers, "Is it so! then I have found the enemy's camp!" (How these wise-acres will be deceived!) Both were kindly dismissed with passports."
"The Prussian patrols allowed themselves to be cheated by the most trifling appearance. An officer commanding a body of horse, which was sent out from the royal camp towards Naumburg to reconnoitre, returned without going to Naumburg, because when half way he learned from a traveller that they knew nothing of the French at Naumburg. From such extraordinary security no other consequences could follow."
"The second grand error was the unaccountable neglect of every means for securing subsistence for an army of 140,000 men."
"The barren country of Weimar was in no condition, neither was it by any means prepared, to subsist this army along with its appendages. There was no bread, no brandy, nor beer, for the soldiers, and no fodder for the horses."
"The third and most decisive error lay in the false calculations that were made respecting the movements of the enemy, and the unfortunate choice of positions."
"The ancient fortresses and bulwarks of the Prussian monarchy, which would have greatly obstructed the progress of the French army, were in an untenable condition and without provisions; and in the event that the battle was to have been lost, there was no place of assembling made known—no rallying point was fixed upon. The discomfited corps, therefore retired in quite different directions, and were almost all made prisoners."
"On the decisive day, the 14th of Oct. the left wing was not formed in the same line, nor united with the centre. This want of unity had this effect—that two separate and distinct battles were fought at one and at the same moment, and that upon ground not very extensive. After the duke of Brunswick was wounded, there was no commander in chief to direct the Prussian army. The corps fought singly, without plan, and without concert, and many regiments did not engage at all; very little of the strength or position of the enemy was known. The Saxons, who fought on the left wing, generally after that on the day of battle either received no orders at all from the officers under whose command they were, or those they did receive were such as could not have been executed. They were soon obliged to deliver up their remaining ammunition to the Prussians, and they lost their cannon when the retreat began, in consequence of having no cavalry to cover them. Lastly, the Prussian army was detained and hindered in its flight by the crowd of wagons and horses, and their unusual great quantity of baggage. This complete overthrow and destruction was not owing, however, to any want of bravery. That the Prussians, under all these difficulties fought with courage and perseverance, is testified by the French themselves."
"The victorious emperor Napoleon conducted the events of the 14th of October with steadiness and the keenest prudence. He lodged the night before this eventful day in the castle of Jena, and on the following morning, as is asserted at Jena, he reconnoitred from the top of the old observatory, (commonly called the Fox Tower,) the opposite heights on the road to Weimar, & witnessed the bloody battle that took place between the French that were marching through the Muhlenthal and the Saxons and Prussians posted on the Sneckenberg. Not far from this spot is the chain of sandy hillocks, which present, as it were, a steep wall on the heights of the Saal. There is here a coppice, known through the whole neighbourhood by the name of the Rauhwals, a place celebrated in the annals of the Jena Muses, on account of the combats that used formerly to take place between the students at that spot. This is the pass which the Emperor Napoleon fortified so strongly, and in such a masterly manner, with heavy cannon, and which is spoken to highly of in all the official accounts of the battle.—Besides this, the rapidity of the evolutions of the French army astonished the Prussian generals. In every manoeuvre attempted by the latter they were anticipated. What, however, most surprised these officers, was the French artillery. The most courageous soldiers could not approach the showers of balls which preceded the march of the columns without trembling. The regiment of Larish, for example, was 2000 men strong, and in a few minutes only 150 men were left standing, having been stationed opposite to a battery of eight field pieces."
GREAT BRITAIN.
LONDON, Feb. 5.
BLOCKADING DECREE.
Yesterday, in the House of Commons, Mr. Perceval moved for a copy of the late Order of
Council, prohibiting neutrals from passing from one enemy's port to another. He supported his motion by an able speech, and was followed, on the same side, by Lord Castlereagh, and Sir Thomas Turton, and opposed by the Advocate General, by Lord Temple, and Lord Hawick. The motion was negatived by a great majority. The object of the mover appeared to be to show that the order was not such as the spirit, honour, interests and rights of the country called for. It was admitted, on all hands, that the British nation had a right to retaliate in full on the French for their decree; that that decree was indefensible on every ground; but it was contended, that it might be for the interest of the British Government to forbear at least for a time; and that forbearance would indicate a conciliatory disposition towards neutrals, although they would have no just cause to complain of a different course, as certainly, if they submitted, without resistance, to an extraordinary measure from one belligerent, they would naturally expect another belligerent to adopt the same measure, when not forbidden by treaty. The following are extracts from different speeches.
FROM MR. PERCEVAL'S SPEECH.
"The colonial trade was certainly that in which neutrals had the least right; and while he disclaimed every intention of glancing at the provisions of the American Treaty, he could not help remarking, that the right of retaliation for such measures as may be adopted by the enemy, which the Noble Lord stated to be expressly reserved in that treaty, was of no use when it was not acted upon: perhaps his majesty's ministers were fearful of offending neutrals, and forebore to act to the full extent, till they should have had communications with them.—Without notification to neutrals we may prohibit their ships from proceeding to the enemy's ports, but we may not seize them. He trusted Government had not acted so weakly, upon the fear of offending neutrals; it was a motive of action which they could not avow. But when they negotiated with America, with the Non-importation act hanging over their heads; when they continued negotiating after that insulting act was carried into execution, and when they concluded a treaty under such circumstances, whatever they profess, they feared they may have been guilty of improper concessions."
FROM THE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S SPEECH.
"Were we to press and crush inoffending merchants, by the actual execution of severities to the utmost extent of the enemy's menace? He believed that the House would not go with his honorable friend so far, but would rather prefer mild and moderate measures at first, if likely to be efficacious.—The only powers that were neutral, were Austria, which had only the single port of Trieste; Denmark, which has no means of supplying its colonies, or of disposing of its colonial produce, if we carried a general interdiction into execution; Portugal, which would feel the same disabilities; and America, with respect to which an interdiction would be the means of infinite distress. He could discover that a jealousy of America was at the bottom of all these complaints. (Hear, hear!) His honorable friend, (Perceval,) was not correct in stating that the interruption of the coal trade would be no great injury to France, or that the Order of Council for that purpose signified nothing. That order was but one step and an important step of that course which would, if necessary, be referred to for retaliation. In the year 1797, after the French had made peace with Austria, and the army which had been arrogantly called the army of England, had been collected at Brest, with a view to turn their whole force against this country; in that year, on the 29th Nivose, year 6, that is in christián language, on the 19th day of January, 1798, a decree was passed by the French government, making all vessels that should be freighted in whole or in part with English commodities, good prizes. In order to shew what had been the feeling of the neutral nations on the subject of that decree, he need only refer to the Speech of the President of the U. S. on the opening of the session of Congress, on the 8th of Dec. 1798, in which he declared that, "as the decree of the 19th of the preceding January, was still in force, in consequence of the failure of an attempt to procure its repeal, he considered it an unequivocal act of war, and a breach of the independence and sovereignty of neutral nations, which was only to be met by a determined resistance." As the Chief Magistrate of America had expressed so strong a sense of the aggression in that instance, there was no ground to suppose that he would not act as decidedly on the present occasion. And this was another consideration why this country ought to abstain, for the present, from any act which might prove grievous to the trade of America until it should be seen whether the American government would follow the same course now as in 1798."
FROM LORD CASTLEREAGH'S SPEECH.
"As to the period of our history, which has been alluded to, he should presently show, that the time of the American government had been wasted in negotiations. Whatever might be the feelings of Government towards America, whatever might be the principles on which the late negotiations had been conducted, there were no reasons for delaying the adoption of more vigorous measures of retaliation against the enemy. He contended that considerations of forbearance respecting America, should not induce the House to abstain from adopting, not an act of practical injustice, but the measures which the circumstances of the times required, namely, to warn American vessels, in the first instance, against entering French ports, but not to capture them, unless bent on entering the ports of France. If they were to wait till the American Government should insist upon those principles, by which the law of nations is upheld, they might wait till doomsday, as whatever might be their feelings, the commercial people would attend to their commercial interests. Since the publication of this decree, which had been at first general as to all nations, some communication had taken place between the American Ministers in this country, and the French Government, in consequence of which, some practical relaxation of the decree had taken place. This was one ground why we should look upon America with jealousy; and it was an aggravation that he had by a secret understanding with the French Government, contrived to take her shipping out of the operation of the Decree that was at first general, and placed herself in a situation of connivance with the French government."
FROM SIR THOMAS TURTON'S SPEECH.
"In his mind, the real cause of this pugnacious forbearance, was the fear of offending America, the dread of breaking off the Treaty lately pending between this country and the American Government. That was the pistol held at the breast of the Ministers; and this their great anxiety to ward it off."
FROM LORD HAWICK'S SPEECH.
"It seems that the gentlemen on the other side feel somewhat jealous of America because France may be disposed to exempt her from the operation of the Decree. The thing is not unlikely; but no communication of the kind has been made to Ministers by the American Plenipotentiaries. The words of the Decree, seem to apply to the Continental powers only, and consequently America may be exempted."
Suppose it were that a reason why we should go to war with America; is not this the intention of gentlemen, or what is it? But surely it must be a wake of the time of the House to dwell upon such arguments. The Treaty of America they have also brought into discussion; and it has been insinuated, that it was contrary to the honor and interests of this country to enter into any negotiations with America, until the Non-importation act was repealed. If such disgrace was attached to the negotiation, why were not motions made last session to break off the negotiation, until that decree was repealed. Surely such a conduct would have been more manly, than now to assume a hostile one, while we are daily expecting the ratification of the Treaty we have concluded."
Domestic.
FROM THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCER.
THE CONSPIRACY.
(Continued.)
Let us then suppose a case, which indeed federalists have not many years since founded in our ears not merely as possible, but as probable—the case of a sudden and alarming invasion by a foreign enemy. Among the wise instruments of defence devised by republican policy is an overflowing treasury. With five millions at the disposal of the government, without any particular objects calling for its disbursement, it has been justly believed that we would be enabled on any emergency to prevent a bold front to the enemy. Let it, however, be recollected that this sum remains entirely unappropriated to any particular object. Suppose, then, the invading arm to be on our shores, and the loudest call consequently made upon the federal government, to protect the country from desolation. The constitution makes it the duty of the President to defend the country, and vests him with full authority in the very case referred to. This, however, could not be done to any effect, without money; and in such a case, as this without a very large sum of money. On this point the constitution holds a different language. It expressly prohibits the expenditure of a single dollar unless previously appropriated by law. Suppose Congress not to be in session. The invading enemy surely could not be expected to wait until they should be regularly convened, to call out the national strength. What would the President do in the mean time? Would he permit the enemy to advance, without an effort to check them? Would he bid the good people of the U. S. to fall back at their approach when he had the means within his reach to arrest if not destroy them? Would he wait till the tardy forms of legislation should have legalised to his use the millions in the exchequer? No—Instead of this, if he did his duty, he would take them without a scruple, and expend them in embodying and furnishing a competent force to defend the country. Not doing this, however, unconstitutional and illegal, he would not do his duty. He would omit doing that for which he ought to be, and would be impeached, and ejected from office, amidst the frowns and indignation of an incensed nation. Here then is a clear, decisive, indisputable instance in which the force of necessity renders all restraint, and in which the salus populi est suprema lex , the constitution and laws to the contrary notwithstanding.
Cases somewhat analogous, or even of greater strength, may be imagined. The executive magistrate, for instance, if there were not unappropriated millions enough in the treasury, would not hesitate on his own responsibility to borrow them; or if that could not be done, to divert from the purposes to which they were applied by law sufficient sums to meet the emergency; and in case all these resources failed to seize by violence the property of individuals; for which he could not fail to receive the thanks of his country.
There can be no doubt, then, that cases may occur in which violations of the constitution and laws will not only be venial; but in which it will be the duty of the executive to commit them. Arduous as the performance of such duties may be, it is the duty of an executive duly sensible of the high functions attached to his station, fearlessly to discharge them. Well aware that constitutions and laws, however deliberately framed, can never be so perfect as to provide for all possible emergencies, he will not hesitate, if the good of his country is his supreme motive, to discharge such duties, however perilous it may be to him. The patriot, who in ordinary and tranquil times, would not, for any consideration under heaven, step beyond the orbit of power assigned him, will be the foremost and the most resolute to take upon himself every responsibility that in periods of danger his station requires. He will not for a moment believe in the possible injustice of his country; but even if he should doubt on this score, he will obey the dictates of his conscience at any risk.
How far do these principles apply to the recent transactions at Orleans? This enquiry is reserved for our next paper.
To determine whether the measures pursued at New Orleans are justifiable, it is necessary to consider how far gen. Wilkinson had reason to believe that such a necessity existed, as required an invasion of the civil authority.
The most obvious consideration that presents itself on this subject is the scène of action , which differed from the other parts of the U. S. in two material respects; from its being the theatre of menaced hostilities on the part of Spain, and from the circumstances that naturally flowed from its recent acquisition.
The whole tenor of general Wilkinson's dispatches and measures show that he considered the frontier exposed to the greatest danger; and that he doubted the competency of his forces to defend it against the superior forces that Spain either had, or contemplated to put in motion against him. He knew that if he should be defeated, New Orleans must fall. While under these apprehensions, the emissaries of Burr appear in the midst of his army, and attempt to corrupt him. Had he not sufficient reason to be alarmed at the audacity and profligacy of such an attempt? Had he not reason to apprehend that the same motives that led to this attempt would extend itself to efforts to seduce his officers and men? He could fully appreciate the effect on gallant or mercenary minds of the proposition of a project, which held out the promise of reward, in the mines of Mexico, and distinction, in the foundation of a new empire. Had the least encouragement, negative or positive, been given to such views, he might have justly trembled for the fidelity of his army. Had they proved faithless to their country, the Spaniards might have struck a blow, that would have deprived the U. S. for a time, of New Orleans; and which would inevitably have produced a bloody war between the two nations.
Take in connection with this view of the recent circumstances naturally arising from the recent acquisition of that country.

Without intending in the least to derogate from the virtues of the people of the Orleans territory, it must be acknowledged that inasmuch as the major population consists of persons of foreign birth, speaking a different language, accustomed to different habits, and born under a different government, there was reason to apprehend that disaffection to the union would, in such a place, naturally find friends and advocates. When added to this, it is known to be the resort of adventurers from all parts of the U. S., many of whom repaired there for the purpose of retrieving their broken fortunes, under the hope of rapidly acquiring wealth, and that of this description were some great defaulters to the government of the U. S. it must be allowed that there was reason to dread the influence of such alluring hopes as were held out; and that there was likewise reason to believe that unless strong measures were taken, treason might attain a height that would enable it successfully to accomplish its destructive purposes.
There is one further consideration well fitted to excite extreme solicitude—the distance of the scene from the seat of government, and the total inability, in case of danger, to wait for instructions from the Supreme Executive authority. This circumstance would necessarily tend to give confidence to men who had formed unlawful projects. Confiding in the diffidence of the subordinate officers to call forth the public energies they would take their steps with an assurance that they would not be countervailed by any measures of sufficient vigor to check them. Such, in fact, appears to have been the impression, in this very case.
Holding these considerations steadily in view, let us concisely notice the facts, as stated either by Wilkinson or other persons.
Whatever suspicions may be afloat as to the integrity or credibility of Wilkinson, for the reasons which have been already assigned, they cannot be received towards the invalidation of his testimony in this instance. There has not been adduced a shadow of proof of his want of fidelity. He has been, it is true, accused of dishonesty by those charged with guilt, with the crime of treason; but, is not this the first time we have ever heard of the veracity of the accuser being invalidated by the testimony of the accused; while the latter remained unacquitted? Is not such a doctrine monstrous? We must then, on the question now under consideration, consider Wilkinson's statements, as well as those of every other credible witness, true, unless they possess in themselves grounds for disbelief.
Let it not be here understood that we mean to decide on any of the vague charges alleged against the commander in chief. They may be true, but whether true, or not, they are inapposite in this view. His guilt, on a former occasion, cannot make his present acts criminal. Whatever degree of turpitude may attach to the former, the latter may be in the highest degree meritorious. Nor do we mean to pronounce conclusively on the motives of general Wilkinson even in this business. Let time develop them. If he has participated with Burr, let the facts be fairly and fully stated. But until they are, we can only judge on the information before us. What is the amount of this information?
(To be continued.)
WASHINGTON, March 25. PROCLAMATION.
Whereas by an act entitled "An act to suspend the operation of an act, entitled an act to prohibit the importation of certain goods, wares and merchandise, and to remit the penalties incurred under the same," the President of the U. S. is authorized further to suspend the operation of the said prohibitory act, if in his judgment the public interest should require it: Provided, that such suspension shall not extend beyond the second Monday in Dec. next. And whereas, it is judged for the public interest that such suspension should take place: Now therefore be it known, that I, THOMAS JEFFERSON, President of the U. S. by virtue of the authority aforesaid, do hereby suspend the operation of the act entitled "An act to prohibit the importation of certain goods, wares and merchandise," passed on the eighteenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and six, until the second Monday of Dec. next.
In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the U. S. to be affixed to these presents and signed the same with my hand. Done at the city of Washington the twenty fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seven, and of the sovereignty and independence of the U. S. of America, the thirty first.
By the President, JAMES MADISON, Secretary of State.
The Senate of New-York have adopted the following ADDRESS.
To THOMAS JEFFERSON, President of the United States.
SIR, The Legislature of the state of New-York, sensible of the benefits derived from your past services and anticipating the importance of your future exertions to promote the happiness of your country, feel a peculiar pleasure in expressing their approbation of your conduct in the execution of the arduous duties devolved on the chief Executive of the nation.
Under your administration our liberties have been maintained, our rights protected and our independence preserved inviolate. Amidst the wars and tumults of a troubled world, the American name and character have acquired respectability among foreign nations, by the moderation, impartiality and wisdom of your measures, in preferring amicable negotiation to unnecessary warfare, in purchasing territories which might have been conquered, and in distributing equal justice to the weak, and the powerful, the savage and the civilized powers.
The natural tendency of civil government to extravagance and oppression, has been happily counteracted by the establishment of a system of economy in public expenditures, and by the abolition of useless offices and employments. Our public debt, which was absorbing the revenues of the nation, and leading rapidly to heavy taxation and the impoverishment of the people, has been greatly diminished. The principles of our revolution and the principles of our constitution have been restored and supported by your administration. The agriculture, the commerce, the manufactures and the population of the country have increased and flourished beyond all former example, and the blessings of prosperity have been felt in every part of the union, and by all descriptions of our citizens. The murmurs of opposition to a system of wise measures calculated to produce peace at home and ensure respect abroad, have been silenced, not by the strong arm of power, but by the authority of reason and the force of truth. When, Sir, we perceive these inestimable
bleasings and consider your distinguished agency in producing them, we cannot refrain from indulging an ardent wish that our country may retain the aid of those talents and that patriotism to which under the smiles of Providence we are so greatly indebted. Under the firm impressions we sincerely hope that you may feel disposed to accord with the general wish of your fellow citizens, by again consenting to be a candidate for the greatest honor which a nation of free men can bestow, and a friend of freedom can receive; and we are firmly persuaded that you will be supported with zeal by every enlightened friend of the liberty and prosperity of the U. S.
Subsequently to the escape of Burr, Blannerhasset and Ralston were brought before judge Toulmin at Washington, and examined. The judge had determined, before he gave a decision, to wait for information expected from Dr. Carmichael.
There was on Monday an entire failure of the Orleans mail. Nat. Int.
The address of the Legislature of the state of Rhode Island to the President of the U. S. has been voted by both Houses, and ordered to be transmitted.
NEW-YORK, March 16.
Fortifications.—On Tuesday the 10th inst. the bill brought into the Senate of this state by Mr. Clinton passed that house authorizing certain commissioners to cede to the United States the jurisdiction of the lands on Long and Staten Islands necessary for the erection of fortifications, and also authorizing the United States to use the land belonging to the state at Bluff Point on Staten Island for the same purpose. This was done to prevent delay (as the site for the fortifications is not fixed on) from want of a cession. American Citizen.
NEW-YORK, March 18.
A meeting of the Federal Electors of this city was held at Mechanic Hall on Monday evening, when, after declaring the expediency of having federal candidates held up at the ensuing election for senator and members of assembly, it was resolved that the Federal Republican Electors be requested to assemble in their respective wards to-morrow evening, for the purpose of appointing three persons in each ward, to form when together a general committee of nomination.
The House of Assembly have passed the bill suspending the execution of David Williams, convicted of the murder of Ira Lane, for ten years, on the ground of insanity at the time of committing the felony. They have also passed a bill suspending the execution of Steven Arnold, convicted of the murder of Bersey Van Amburg, for 88 years—and that in the mean time he be transferred to the State Prison for the safe keeping.
The Enquirer.
RICHMOND, 31st MARCH.
ARREST OF AARON BURR.
We have taken particular pains to ascertain the correctness of the account of Col. Burr's arrest, which we detailed in our last paper. We have conversed with his Esq., and it is with pleasure that we have discovered the first account to be so much more accurate than we could have dared to expect. The following statement is however more complete, more correct; more satisfactory.
He was arrested on the morning of the 19th of February, instead of the 3rd of March. We have obtained a sketch of that part of the country, from the hands of one of the officers; from which the eye can at once understand the relative situation of places, to each other, to the Spanish line, and to the road leading to the Atlantic states. It is certainly impossible by any kind of description in words to lay before the readers the particulars before the readers; but a few remarks may at least elucidate the most interesting points: particularly if they will accompany these remarks by a reference to Bradley's latest Edition of his map of the U. S. The town of Natchez, in the Mississippi Territory, where A. Burr's boats were deposited, is on the river Mississippi.
About two hundred miles to the east of this river is the Tombigbee river; which with the Alabama river, combine to form the Mobile. The Tombigbee is the western; the Alabama, the eastern branch.—Four miles below the point of confluence, is Fort Stoddart situated on the Mobile; and about 12 miles above the Spanish line.—A body of water connects the Tombigbee and Alabama branches at a certain distance above their point of confluence and forms an island; or as it has been called, a cross cut.
A ferry leads over the Tombigbee, into this island; through this island the road runs to a ferry over the Alabama; thence the road leads to the east of the Alabama to a certain point; where the road diverges in two directions. One road leads to the east through the Creek Country, over the limits of Georgia, into the Atlantic states. The other sweeps to the south, crosses the Spanish line, and thence advances to Pensacola.
And here is the principal point in dispute. A. Burr is said to have asserted that his route lay through the Creek country into Georgia; some people suspect that his route was through the southern road. According to his own repeated representation, he intended to remain within the jurisdiction of the U. S. states. According to the suspicions of certain people, it was his intention to seek an asylum in the Spanish possessions.
Mr. Perkins is the register of the Land Office, in the part of the Mississippi Territory which is to the east of Pearl River.—He keeps his office at the court-house of the county of Washington. His own lodgings are at Fort St. Stephens, miles above the court-house.—Mr. Perkins was in his office, about 12 or 1 o'clock of the night of the 15th of February, when Aaron Burr and Ashley appeared before him. The scene which ensued between them is not materially dissimilar from the one which was sketched in our last paper.
The reflections which followed it in Mr. Perkins's mind, were in one respect different from what we had stated. It was not alone as midnight robbers, that these mysterious strangers appeared to his imagination: the idea also occurred to him, that one of them might be Col. Burr. This idea was the result of a letter, which he had received from a member of the legislative council at Natchez, stating that existed of his passing through Mr. P's village.—But whether they were robbers or one of them was Col. Burr, it seemed to him too important a matter to be passed into neglect. He determined to repair to major Hinkley's house. He was accompanied by his friend the Sheriff of the county. They reached the ma-
jor's house about 12 o'clock. The mysterious strangers had arrived before them. Ashley was in the yard. Col. Burr was in the kitchen. It is useless to repeat the different parts of this interview. It is sufficient to say, that every circumstance which occurred, contributed to give new confirmation to Mr. P's suspicions. The mysterious stranger could be no other than Col. Burr; and under this impression, which he carefully kept to himself, he determined to repair to Fort Stoddart, and obtain the assistance of Lieutenant Gaines to examine the stranger. Day was breaking before he arrived at Fort Stoddart.
Neither Mr. P. nor Lieutenant Gaines were personally acquainted with Col. Burr. "Let us examine them however," said Mr. P. "If neither of them proves to be Col. Burr, and the one I suspect, is a gentleman, he will think himself flattered by being mistaken for Col. Burr. If he is not a gentleman, we will not regard his displeasure."—The resolution was formed, Mr. P. Lieutenant Gaines, a sergeant, and 4 soldiers left Fort Stoddart. 4 miles from Major Hinkley's house they met Col. Burr and the Sheriff of the county. It is useless to expatiate upon the interview, which ensued. It terminated at last by Col. Burr's being conducted to Fort Stoddart, and Mr. Perkins's returning to the Court House.
"Request my companion to follow me to the Fort;" were the parting words addressed to him by Mr. Burr.
On the road to the Court House, he met Ashley; who had left Major Hinkley's house early in the morning; on what particular commission we shall not presume even to conjecture. Our business is at present with fact , and not with comments .—Ashley determined to retrace his steps, and return with Mr. P. to the Court House. It would be diverging into the region of comments, to account for this variation in his journey: It is still less our purpose to describe Mr. Perkins's letter to the colonel of the county, inviting him to arrest Mr. Ashley; Ashley's visit to the Colonel in company with the messenger who bore the letter; the conversation between Ashley and the Colonel; the former's description of the object of Col. Burr's visit to that country; their subsequent interview at the Court House with Mr. P.; the uncertainty which Ashley then affected respecting B's designs; and the winding up of the scene by the final arrest of Ashley.—Mr. Perkins left him in the custody of the colonel.
Mr. P. repaired to Fort Stoddart. At that time, it was not his intention to assist in escorting Mr. B. to the Atlantic states. The event which more immediately dictated such a resolution, was a visit at Fort Stoddart from a Spanish officer who was conveyed over the river by the skill of one of the armed Spanish vessels, which was lying before the town of Mobile. This officer's demeanor was peculiarly perplexing and mysterious. He informed Lt. G. that he should remain with him till the next day. He enquired for Col. Burr. He requested to see him. His request however was unavailing: He did not see him: but he received a card from him, which Lieut. Gaines had an opportunity of inspecting. A few minutes after, the officer took his leave and returned down the river. These circumstances necessarily produced some speculation respecting the movements of the Spaniards, and it was determined on, to bear Col. Burr as soon as possible to the Atlantic states. As Lieut. Gaines could not conveniently spare a sufficient number of his own men to form an escort, he requested Mr. Perkins to ascend the Alabama river, and collect a company. He promised to meet him with his prisoner. Every part of this arrangement was punctually fulfilled; and Col. Burr was regularly delivered into the hands of his escort.
CESAR A. RODNEY, Esq. Attorney-General of the U. S. arrived in this city, on Sunday last; to attend the trial of A. Burr.
EXAMINATION.
At 12 o'clock, yesterday, the Marshal, Major Scott, accompanied by two assistants, repaired to Col. Burr's room in the Eagle, where he was under guard, and with perfect civility informed him that he had a warrant against him on the part of the U. S.—Col. Burr was now consequently in the custody of the Marshal.
Within a very short time after, they repaired to another room in the Eagle, before Judge Marshall. The examination was a private one: There were few auditors present.—The Editor was not among them.
Edmund Randolph, and John Wickham Esqrs. council for the prisoner.—Cesar A. Rodney and George Hay, Esqrs. council for the prosecution.
The Attorney of the district observed, that it was his duty to charge the prisoner present, and upon evidence which he should exhibit before the court, of the crime of treason against the U. S. and of the misdemeanor of having prepared within the U. S. an expedition against the dominions of the King of Spain, with whom the U. S. were then in amity.
The evidence was then produced. It consisted of the record of the proceedings held in the cases of Messrs. Bolman and Swartwout, before the circuit court of the district of Columbia.—No viva voce testimony was produced, except that of Mr. Perkins, which related to the arrest of Col. Burr, within the Mississippi Territory.
After this evidence was laid before the court, Mr. Hay submitted the following motion in writing: "The attorney of the U. S. for the Virginia district, prays that Aaron Burr may be committed, upon the evidence now submitted to the judge, in order that he may be tried at the next circuit court for this district, or at a special court to be held for that purpose, upon a charge of treason against the United States, & also for a misdemeanor in letting on foot within the territory of the U. S. a military expedition to be carried on from thence against the dominions of the King of Spain, with whom the United States were then and are now at peace."
It was then determined, that a public discussion should be held in the Capitol, this day at 10 o'clock, and that in the mean time, Col. Burr should be admitted to bail: his bail to be bound in the sum of 5000 dollars.
Messrs. Thomas Taylor and John Gamble are his securities. As this affair is at present cerum judice , we shall limit our attention to facta alone, without wandering into comments .—Of these, enough hereafter.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
It is admitted by all jurists and civilians, that when man departs from a state of nature and enters into society, he ought to give up no more of his natural liberty, than may be necessary to secure that portion of civil liberty which may be retained; and that when he gives up more he is virtually a slave, whatever may be the form of government under which he lives; thus, if a citizen is commanded to do certain actions or abstain from others, in themselves indifferent, there is an unnecessary and unjust infringement, on that portion of liberty which society has left its individual members. But where great public good is to result from commanding or prohibiting even an action indifferent in itself, then the apparently unjust infringement, becomes politic and necessary. Thus the law in England, which directs in what sort of cloaths dead bodies should be interred, an
action apparently of no kind of importance, was a politic and proper law, (as is observed by Blackstone,) inasmuch as it tends to encourage and improve the woolen manufactures of the country, an object of the highest importance to the nation. In actions, certainly not criminal, if not altogether indifferent to society, the great question then is, whether this infringement be politic or not; if it is not, the law producing the infringement must be decided to be tyrannical and unjust. It is believed by the writer of this, that the laws of this state, with respect to public gaming , are an unnecessary infringement on our liberties, because they have not produced a single good consequence, but on the contrary, many bad effects, and because they make the idle and unwise attempt to eradicate from the human heart, propensities and desires, which are coeval with its existence. I assume it as an undeniable position, that it is impossible to suppress gaming, in a free country; it is said that the fiat of Bonaparte has suppressed it throughout his empire; but if the assembly of Virginia, were, in their wisdom, to make the exhibition of a faro bank, or billiard table, (and those who play at either, to while away an idle evening, or with views of gain,) punishable even with death, the law would be violated with impunity; for it is to be hoped that our laws will not be like Draco's, written in blood, and that there could not be found twelve men in the state so sanguinary as to bring in a verdict of guilty. If then, and I assert it, it is impossible to suppress gaming, in a free country, what is the part a wise legislator should pursue upon the subject? The answer is almost too obvious to repeat—what we cannot suppress, we must give that direction to, which will render it least harmful. If a stream runs through our lands in an inconvenient manner, we do not attempt to dam up its course altogether; we open channels, in order to direct its current in the most innocent way. In the same manner ought he to act, with respect to human propensities, which the experience of mankind have found irrepressible, who has that knowledge of human nature which a statesman and legislator ought to possess. I foresee an argument that may be brought forward against this reasoning, which however will be seen to have no force. It might be urged that my argument proves too much, because if every human propensity, which could not be altogether suppressed, was indulged, we might repeal the laws against murder and theft, since it is very certain that these crimes will sometimes be committed. But this objection has only the semblance of plausibility, for it is certain that a man cannot receive a valuable consideration in money for the loss of his life, and it is equally certain that he does not , when his money is taken from him on the high way by violence, or secretly purloined from him. But where two men make a contract to take their lives or their property against each other, the contract is always fair, or presumed to be so, and if the law shall call it murder in the one case, or robbery in the other, the common sense of mankind will decide against it. I lay the contract is presumed to be fair, for if the contrary can ever be shewn in either case, a man is certain to meet the scorn of society, and cannot be too severely punished.
I have said that our laws against gaming have not produced a single good consequence, but, on the contrary many bad effects. It will be admitted, I suppose, that if more gaming, & under worse regulations, is carried on now than before the passage of the laws in question, that the foregoing assertion is correct. Now for one game of loo that was played, while billiard tables were licensed, there is now at least a thousand; and of course, the immorality, if there be any in it, and the loss of money is in the same proportion; for billiards was a game so extremely fatiguing that the mind was sufficiently employed and interested, without requiring the strong excitement of avarice; whereas loo or dice, are certainly in themselves dull, unless one bets high enough to be rejoiced to win and grieved to lose: besides gaming in those days, (with the exception of a family game of whist, now and then,) was exclusively confined to the male sex; but now, by ignorance in the science of legislation , like the plagues of Egypt, it is brought home to our dwellings, and is found "in our ovens, our kneading troughs, and in the houses of our servants." In all polished circles loo is as regular at nine or ten o'clock, as dinner at three or four; or as we see pert chits and waining maids and matrons, agitated and torn by "the fury passions" of envy, jealousy and revenge—a fight perhaps somewhat more disgusting than the manly and elegant exercise of billiards, or the interesting vicissitudes of a faro table.
But gaming has not only increased in degree, but by the operation of the laws it has degenerated and grown worse in the mode of its being carried on. Bolted or chained up in garrets or cellars, there is certainly much more probability of fraud and swindling than where free and undisguised access and egress are allowed. Young men now, too, go to faro banks, who would not if they were openly kept. The facts of their being there, and the sums they have lost or won can now be concealed; but in the other case, a regard for circumlocution or stability of character, would prevent them from openly risking the favour of those to whom they might look for advancement in life. The laws against gaming have had another most pernicious tendency. They have created a host of spies and informers, and sown the seeds of suspicion, animosity and bickerings between man and man. A man may lose or win three or four dollars on one evening and the next day find his nearest friend arbitrarily arrayed as an accuser against him, and forced, under penalty of fine and imprisonment, to give evidence against him. The Spanish inquisition has nothing in its proceedings more unjust and tyrannical than this; except that we have not yet arrived to the length of the torture to obtain evidence, nor burning to death, when that evidence shall have been obtained; but in neither case is the accused confronted with the accuser , but it is in the dark, as if by an unknown hand.
If the smallest public good was derived from these informations and forfeitures, it might be some palliation, though no justification, for the individual oppression and injustice; but the fact is, it is believed, go to fill the pockets of men who are among the last in society that ought to require private contributions for their support; and men too, as well those who make, as those who execute the laws, respecting gaming, who have themselves incurred heavy fines, though we know not whether paid, and if paid, how appropriated, in consequence of the violation of those laws they effect so deferentially to reverse. Those magistrates who have in ordered so actively, in carrying into effect the laws reflecting gaming, during the last winter, have done themselves no credit by their conduct. The law gives its officers the power to do many things which it does not imperiously bind them to do. A magistrate has the power to command the peace, but we have not heard of any justice of the peace who has hired spies to scent out squabbles. Where a riot occurs in the presence of a magistrate he is bound to suppress it, if he can; and where an illegal game is played under the nose of a magistrate, his oath will oblige him to take notice of it; but the
law in neither case requires the magistrate nor the attorney to hire spies, and in fact to descend to the humiliating and disgraceful office of being spies themselves, in order to discover brawls, or break up faro banks.
The office of a hangman is necessary but not very honorable, and those who are candidates for to-morrow's election, and conceive the appointment as a magistrate obliges them to become informers and executioners, are certainly not recommended, and will not be voted for by A CITIZEN.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Washington to his friend in Richmond.
"It appears extraordinary that none of the public prints, whilst they admit observations reflecting on the character and conduct of Gen. Wilkinson, should not give publicity to such things as are in his favor. That his late conduct has saved New-Orleans (and perhaps prevented a separation of the Union) cannot be doubted. He is charged with a traitorous correspondence with Gov. Miro, to whom he presented a memorial in 1787 or 1788, for which memorial he received the unanimous thanks of Kentucky in full convention (proceedings of that convention I have now in my possession) that is, he is charged in 1807 with an act as of a treasonable nature, for which he received the thanks of his country in 1788. He is charged with having received money from the Spaniards Mr. Daniel Clarke, delegate from New Orleans, assures that it is false to his own knowledge, for that with a view to information on this subject, he asked the intendant General of New-Orleans, who assured him on his honor that Gen. W. had never received one dollar from the Spanish government; but to his infamy you fully said the intendant, I will submit the secret service money book to your inspection, he did so, and Mr. C. says he examined it with care, and declares that there was no charge therein for money paid Gen. W. or that in any way whatever could be construed as for his use."
MR. ZACHARIAH TALIAFERRO, SIR,
TAKE notice, that we shall on the 29th and 30th days of April next, at the Tavern of Alexander Shields, in the town of Lexington, county of Rockbridge, and state of Virginia, at the Tavern of Benjamin Pollard, at Buckingham Court-House, Virginia, on the 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th & 15th of May next, at the Tavern of Thomas Calley in the town of Cartersville, in the county of Cumberland, and state of Virginia on the 15th & 16th of May next, and at the Bell-Tavern in the city of Richmond, and state of Virginia, on the 19th & 20th of the same month, (May,) between the hours of 8 A. M. and 6 P. M. of each day respectively, proceed to take the depositions of sundry persons to be used as evidence in a suit, now depending and undetermined in the superior Court of Chancery, for the Richmond district, wherein you are plaintiff, and Willis Wills, John J. Wills and William R. Bernard are defendants.
WILLIS WILLS, JOHN J. WILLS, LAW 4w
March 31.
Will be sold, to the highest bidder, on Saturday the 25th day of April if fair, otherwise on Monday, at the dwelling house of the Subscriber, in Hanover county: MY Household and Kitchen FURNITURE, amongst which are, a parcel of very good Beds, Desk, Tables, Chairs, new & also some Stock. For all sums under 20 dollars cash will be required of the purchaser, for all sums over 20 dollars credit will be given until the first day of September next, on the purchaser giving bond with approved security, carrying interest from the date if not punctually paid.
I also wish to dispose of, by private contract, the LAND whereon I now live, containing 170 acres, the Land lies well and produces as well as any of our common Land, there is 80 or 90 acres to clear, and very well timbered and lively, there is a very good House with two rooms above and below stairs, whoever may wish to buy will apply to the subscriber in Hanover county. Wm. TINSLEY. March 31. law 4w.
RAN AWAY from the subscriber, on the night of the 26th of March, from John Miller's Tavern, in the county of Essex, a NEGRO MAN named Nelson, lately purchased from Mr. Richard Straughtan of Richmond county. He is about five feet seven or eight inches high, bow legged, of a black complexion, one of his under fore teeth out, and has a pleasing countenance, when spoken to; & was hired by Col. Daingerfield, near Tappahannock; & any person that will apprehend the said fellow, and secure him in Jail, in Tappahannock, or any other Jail in this state, shall receive twenty five dollars reward, and all other reasonable charges paid by JOHN FROST.
N. B. It is likely that he is lurking about the plantation of Col. Daingerfield, where he has a wife, or about Mrs. William's plantation, below Farnham Church, where he formerly resided. South Carolina, (New) March 31.—law 4wp. Berry Court House.
LEFT at my store, by a negro man, A BUNDLE OF STRIPED VIRGINIA CLOTH, which the owner may have by proving property, & paying the price of this advertisement. JOHN ALCOCK. March 31. 3:
FOR SALE, A CONVENIENT HOUSE & LOT for a private family, it being brick 36 feet by 18, with two rooms on a floor with a passage and fire place in each room, situated on the cross street leading from the main-street to the church; in a healthy part of the city, there being an excellent spring on said Lot, and also a small Brick House 14 by 12 1/2 feet square, well calculated for a Comping-House; which, with a number of other conveniences makes the situation desirable for a genteel family.
The payments will be one fourth cash, and six, twelve and eighteen months, for the other three fourths of the money, the payments to be secured in the customary way. WM. HARPER.
N. B. If the above property is not disposed of at private sale, before the 3rd day of May, it will on that day be sold at Public Auction on the premises by Darmstadt, Foster & Satchell. March 19. oaw 3w 1/2 2aw 4w.
NEW STORE.
TO BE SOLD CHEAP, OPPOSITE THE EAGLE TAVERN.
SIMPSON MORRIS,
From London, begs leave to inform the public, that he has just imported from London, a large assortment of Fashionable DRY GOODS, fit for the approaching season, which he offers now for sale, on very low terms at the above house, viz.
BLACK and Colored Men's, Women's and Children's Worsted Hose; also Men's, Women's and Children's assorted White Cotton Hose of excellent quality, with and without Lace Clocks; also, Woolen Broadcloths, Plain Velveteens, Cut Velveteens, Corduroys, Thicksets, Bennett's parent Cord, Toilets; Stockings, breeches pieces, Swandown, Florentine Silk, Black Twilled Sarsenet, Black and White French and British Laces, Fresh new pattern Ribbands, Banianne Handkerchiefs; a handsome assortment of Printed and Twilled Shawls, Durants of different colors, Common and Fine 7-8 and 4-4 Irish Linen, Fine Long Lawns, Sheerings, White Corded Dimities, Cheque for Aprons, Bed Furnitures, Printed Calicoes, a large assortment of Fine Plain and Fancy Muslin, Cambric Mouselin; also, Real French Cambric, Red and White Flannels, Printed Dimity, Printed and White Quiltings and Maritelles, and a variety of other articles too tedious to mention. December 11. oaw 1/2.

Miscellaneous
FROM THE MADRID GAZETTE, OF OCTOBER 4, 1806.
On Sunday, the 7th of September last, Dr. Francis Xavier Balmis, Surgeon extraordinary to the King, had the honor of kissing his Majesty's hand, on occasion of his return from a voyage round the world, executed with the sole object of carrying to all the possessions of the Crown of Spain, situated beyond the seas, and to those of several other nations, the inestimable gift of vaccine inoculation.
This undertaking had been committed to the diligence of several members of the faculty, and subordinate persons, carry with them twenty-two children, who had never undergone the small-pox, selected for the preservation of the precious fluid, by transmitting it successfully from one to another, during the course of the voyage.
This precious preservative against the ravages of the small-pox has already been extended throughout the whole of North America, to the coasts of Sonora and Sinaloa, and even to the Gentiles and Neophites of High California.
This being accomplished, it was the next care of the Director to carry this part of the expedition from America to Asia, crowned with the most brilliant success, and, with it, the comfort of humanity.
The bounty of Divine Providence having vouchsafed to succeed the great and pious designs of the King, Balmis happily performed the voyage in little more than two months: carrying with him, from New Spain, twenty six children, destined to be vaccinated in succession, as before, and as many of them were infants, they were committed to the care of the matron of the Foundling Hospital at La Coruna, who, in this, as well as the former voyages, conducted herself in a manner to merit approbation.
In point of fact, the cow-pox has been disseminated through the vast Archipelago of the Philippine Islands, whose chiefs, accustomed to wage perpetual war with us, have laid down their arms, admiring the generosity of an enemy, who conferred upon them the blessings of health and life, at the time when they were laboring under the ravages of an epidemic small-pox.
After having propagated the vaccine at Canton, as far as possible, and the political circumstances of the empire would permit, and having considered the further dissemination of it to the physicians of the English factory at the above-mentioned port, Balmis returned to Macao, and embarked in a Portuguese vessel for Lisbon; where he arrived on the 10th August.
Of that part of the expedition which was destined for Peru, it is ascertained that it was ship-wrecked in one of the mouths of the River de la Magdalena; but having derived immediate succour from the natives, from the governor of Carthagena, the sub-director, the three members of the faculty, who accompanied him, and the children were saved, with the fluid in good preservation, which they extended in that port, and its province with activity and success.
The result of this expedition has been, not merely to spread the Vaccine among all people, whether friends or enemies; among Lascars, among Malays, and among Chinese; but also to secure to posterity, in the dominions of his Majesty, the perpetuity of so great a benefit, partly by means of the central committees that have been established, as well as by the observance which Balmis made of a Vaccine matter in the casks of the valley of the Magdalena, near the city of Puebla de los Angeles in the neighbourhood of that of Valladolid & Meconozan, where the Adjutant Antonio Gutierrez found it; and in the district of Calabozo, in the province of Caracas, where Don Carlos de Pozo, Physician of the residence, found it.
Though the object of this undertaking was limited to the communications of the Vaccine in every quar-
ter; to the instruction of Professors, and to the establishment of regulations, which might serve to render it perpetual—nevertheless, the Director has omitted no means of rendering his services beneficial, at the same time, to Agriculture and the Sciences.
Receipt for a composition in imitation of Portland Stone. Take three paces of clean washed pit or river sand perfectly dry, one and a half pecks of whiting and one pound of powdered litharge, form them into a putty by adding one gallon of linseed oil and one quart of turpentine spirits, which after being well wrought or kneaded may be formed into shapes or used for water proof succoing; or to be used as a water proof paint, add to the above quantity ten quarts of drying linseed oil and one gallon of turpentine spirits, but more or less oil and spirits may be used at the discretion of the workman to make the composition of the consistence of paint, a plastering coat of the succo, or two coats of the paint, 'tis averred possess the property of effectually preventing damps and wet from penetrating walls.
A literary gentleman lately arrived in this city from England furnishes us with the following information. On the sixteenth day of June, 1796, one hundred young scientific gentlemen, who had then just finished their education in the Colleges of England and Scotland, met by appointment at Yarmouth, where they resolved, under the strictest injunction of secrecy, "that each of them should, in order to obtain correct information of the world, and of the customs, manners and dispositions of mankind, quit their island and reside for ten years successively in different foreign countries particularly specified; and that they should on the first day of September, 1807, again meet together in London for the purpose of reading over their different journals and of preparing the same for publication."
The French Bulletins have frequently mentioned the Queen of Prussia, as the principal cause of the present war. It will astonish our readers that this military Amazon of whom Carr has spoken in the following mild and attractive terms, in his "Northern Summer."
Upon our return to our hotel the clock struck four: just as we had begun to thaw ourselves with some rum, attended, as the Saxon kings of old were, by a wandering harper at our door, just as he had sweetly and wildly run over the first division of a German air, by which time my intelligent companion and I had settled it, that had the palaces been covered with rubies, and the trees of the royal gardens dropped pearls, we should return discontented to Berlin, unless we had beheld the lovely queen of Prussia; in truth, she was the principal object of our excursion: the son of our host ran into the room, to tell us the queen's carriage was just drawn up to the great palace, which our window commanded.
Her hair is light, her figure exquisite; and, as she stepped into her carriage, she displayed a foot and ankle which at once convinced us that the most perfect symmetry reigned throughout her frame.
"There's nothing ill can dwell in such a temple," She is very fond of retirement, and devotes herself to the education of her children.
About eighteen months after their marriage, they paid a visit to monseigneur B; and, as they entered the room where their first interview occurred, the king caught his royal bride in his arms, kissed her, and with tears of sensibility, exclaimed, "It was in this 'very room, my dear Beaumarchais, that I found the 'treasure of my happiness'."
From the Salem Register.
We have been frequently assured that sickness prevailed in the French army in Poland, but have not yet been furnished with the means of giving a specific character of the sickness which has prevailed, or a particular account of the extent of it.
cannot know enough to conclude anything with certainty from the current reports. It is an important question respecting the actual forces of the Russian army.
The intentions of Denmark remain as yet, unexplained. To form some opinion of the prejudices which prevailed in April, 1801, the following remarks are given from official reports and facts as published at Copenhagen, at the time of the invasion by the British fleet.
The Danish government itself was so conscious of the nature of that step, and so fore-saw so well the means in consequence of it, that an envoy and a fleet were sent at the same time to Copenhagen.
A formidable fleet left Yarmouth, with orders to force the Sound, destroy the Danish navy, and burn the arsenals of Copenhagen.
The French endeavour to revive the history of these transactions, and with all the prejudices they have against the late measures of Sweden, they promise more from the recovery of the memory of past injuries from the naval power of England, and the encroachments of the Russians, than from the reduction of Pomerania, or of Sweden itself.
WOMAN!
WHY is the warrior's cheek so red, Why downward droops his musling head? Why that flow deep—that faint advance? Why keen, yet quick-retreating glance?
LAW OF THE U. STATES.
AN ACT
Authorizing the employment of the land and naval forces of the United States in cases of insurrection.
SCOTTVILLE JOCKEY CLUB.
THE Races will commence at this place, on the third Thursday in April free for any horse, more or gelding—weights as usual.
SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
WILL commence on Thursday the 16th day of April next, the Smithfield Jockey-Club races, over the Windsor course.
RACES AT TAPPANIANNOCK.
THE JOCKEY CLUB RACES at this place, will commence on Wednesday, the 29th April next.
THE CAROLINE JOCKEY CLUB races, at the UNION-TAVERN, Mr. Joseph Suttins (Caroline), will commence on the 15th day of April next.
TO THE PUBLIC.
On Wednesday the first of April next, will commence the sale of Wm. Pritchard, whole Stock in Trade, consisting of...
THE SUBSCRIBERS,
Having taken a lease a few days since the Bell-Tavern, offers for Sale under the firm of WHITE & SHELTON, a GENERAL assortment of GROCERIES, which they will dispose of on very moderate terms, for Cash, Country produce, or approved paper.
THE PARTNERSHIP
that heretofore existed between the Subscribers, trading in Richmond under the firm of ROBERT NELSON & CO. having expired by its limitation, on the first Inst.
IN CHANCERY.
Buckingham county. January court, 1807. Daniel and William Overton (for the benefit of James Rea and others their trustees) vs. Smyth Tandy & Nathan Ayres.
NOTICE.
THE co-partnership of Shepherd and Ferguson, is this day dissolved by mutual consent; all persons that are indebted to the said firm, are requested to come forward and make immediate payment, to Abraham Shepherd, who is fully authorized to receive and grant discharges for the same—otherwise, suits will be brought indiscriminately.
THE LAND
whereon I now reside, containing 650 acres, is still for sale by private contract and immediate possession given if required.
FOR SALE—OR RENT.
MY TENEMENT in Manchester, Pleasant Street on the Hill, which overlooks the F. B. Plantation, and containing suitable accommodation for a family—At any time when I may be out of town, application may be made to Mr. Henry L. Biscoe.
LAND FOR SALE.
THE subscriber offers for sale, a valuable tract of LAND, lying in the county of Albemarle, Virginia, within two miles of Charlottesville, and five of Monticello, containing near thirteen hundred acres, and is of excellent quality, adapted to the culture of Corn, Wheat and Tobacco; watered by fine springs and bold runs, one of which is emphatically called Meadow Creek, on account of the valuable flax lands it produces, peculiarly adapted to grass of which kind there is on the tract a large quantity.
JAMES WORRALL,
Has lately received a general and carefully assorted stock of Drugs, Medicines, Paints, Patent Medicines, &c. &c. which he offers for sale, at the first corner there, above the Eagle Tavern, lately occupied by Messrs. Pickett, Pollard and Johnson.
FOR SALE,
By the Subscriber, A New-England Rum, French Brandy, Molasses, Loaf & Brown Sugar, Coffee and Chocolate, Belt Imperial and Hyson Tea, Pepper, Rice and ground Ginger, Nutmegs & Cloves, Whistler Shaving Soap, Linseed and Lamp Oil, White Lead and Spanish Brown, Yellow Ochre, Patent Green ground in oil, 8 by 10 & 10 by 12 Window Glass, 2d, 3d, 4d, 6d, 8d, 10d & 20d Nails and Spike do. Barr Iron of all descriptions, Square, Flat and round Plowshares, German Steel, Fire dogs & Skelters, Powder and Shot, Liverpool fine Salt for pork, best Salts for Pork, Saltpetre & Brimstone, 600 pair Mens thick Shoes, mens fine shoes, Loys do. Ladies Kid and Morocco Slippers, Table Linen and Irish Sheetings, Bare Skin, blue and mixed Plains, Parent Cord and Thickerets, Writing and Wrapping Paper, Pale Board, Cotton and Wool Cards, a few barrels Mackarel, Nova Scotia Herrings, Co. Grindstones.
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD.
AWAY from the Subscriber, on Sunday the 15th of last month, Charles Allisock, an apprentice, a very bright mulatto, about sixteen years of age, five feet eight or nine inches high, his hair dark, and much frizzled about mulatto's generally, he has a firm countenance when spoken to.
3000 WT. SALT PETERED BACON,
1,000 wt. first quality N. ENGLAND CHEESE, 10 gross BOTTLED CYDER, A few barrels CLOVER SEED, 150 pieces PAPER HANGINGS. For Sale by EDWARD WALLAM.
IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ENQUIRER.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.