The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1804-08-25 00:00:00

THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, (Virginia) PUBLISHED BY RITCHIE & WORSLEY, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE...AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM...payable in advance.
NUMBER 32.]
SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 25, 1804.
[VOLUME 1.]
CONDITIONS.
 I. THE ENQUIRER will appear twice a week...During the session of Congress and the Virginia Legislature, either a third paper or a supplementary half-sheet, during the week.  II. Terms of payment FIVE DOLLARS per annum, in advance.  III. ADVERTISEMENTS, from those who do not subscribe to the paper, should not exceed a square in length, shall be inserted for seventy-five cents the first time, fifty cents for each time during three weeks, and for every additional insertion thirty-three cents; long ones in the same proportion.  IV. SUBSCRIBERS shall have their advertisements inserted for fifty cents the first time, and thirty-three cents for every additional insertion. 
FAIRFIELD RACES.
ON Monday the 1st of October next, will be run for over the FAIRFIELD COURSE, a Sweepstakes for Colts three years old, two mile Heats. Seven Cols are entered at two hundred dollars each, and the subscription closed. Weights, agreeably to the rules of the Jockey Club.
On Tuesday, the 2nd day of October, the Jockey Club Purse of 400 Dollars, will be run for, four Mile Heats.
The following day, the Purse of the proprietor of the Course, three Mile Heats.     WEIGHTS AS FOLLOWS.     Aged Horses 133 lbs.   6 years old 128   5 years old 118   4 years old 106   3 years old 90.    Mares and Geldings allowed three pounds. Richmond, August 18, 1804.
NOTICE.
By virtue of a Deed of Trust executed to us by John Woodson of Hanover county, for the benefit of Giles Terrell, Esq. of the Rev. William Douglass, dec. WILL BE EXPOSED TO SALE To the highest bidder, for ready money at Col. Goodall's Tavern, in the County of Hanover, on Saturday the 8th day of September next, the
TRACT OF LAND.
Whereon the said Woodson now resides, in the upper end of Hanover County, or in what thereof as shall be necessary to satisfy the balance due the said Executor, as also the cost attending the trust, by DAVID BULLOCK, and FREDERICK HARRIS, TRUSTEES. July 31, 1804. (28 Spt.)
SCHEME OF A LOTTERY.
To raise the sum of 5,000 Dollars, for the benefit of the Female Charity School of Fredericksburg.     1 Prize of 5,000 D. is 5,000 D.   2 1,000 2,000   1 500 500   1 250 250   5 100 500   10 50 500   2750 5 22,000    1st Ticket having a blank drawn to its number after 2,000     1 100   1 4,000   1 5,000   1 6,000   1 7,000   1 Last drawn Ticket, whether blank or prize 2,000   34,850   Expenses of drawing, 150   Sum to be raised, 5,000   40,000 D.    2,776 Prizes 5,224 Blanks  8,000 Tickets, at 5 Dollars each, is 40,000. In the above Scheme, it appears there are not two blanks to a prize, and no prize subject to a deduction. The Lottery will commence drawing on the first Monday in October next, and continue until the drawing is finished. All Tickets drawing prizes will be paid within thirty days after the drawing is concluded, and all prizes not applied for within six months after will be considered as donations to be applied to the purposes of the Lottery.  The Managers deem it unnecessary to say any thing by way of inducement to persons to become adventurers in this Lottery, as the charitable purpose for which it is intended, will it is hoped insure a speedy sale of the Tickets.  Tickets to be had of the Managers and of Mr. Buck, the Treasurer of the Female Charity School.  FRANCIS BROOKE, JOHN MINOR, ROBERT PATTON, JOHN GNEW, JAMES STEVENSON, DAVID C. KIRK, WALTER GREGORY, WILLIAM S. STONE, ROBERT S. CHEW, HUGH MERCER.  TICKETS in the aforesaid Lottery may be had in Richmond, on application to the Rev. John D. Blair, the Rev. John Buchanan and Mr. Andrew Stevenson, Jr. ep-3W
TUNSTALL'S
PATENT THRESHING MACHINE.
THE advantages to be gained by Farmers, by applying some efficient parts to Threshing Machines, which have greater velocity, adequate strength, and greater cheapness than hitherto, and applicable to any machinery, are universally allowed to be very great. WILLIAM TUNSTALL, has obtained a Patent for such improvements; and wishes to benefit the public on the most reasonable terms. Dealers and individuals may be now accommodated with Machines and patent rights, by applying in person or by letter (post paid) to the patentee, William Tunstall, at the Swan Tavern, Richmond.  N. B. A Mill Wright and Iron Worker for the respective parts, are wanted—apply as above.  These Machines will hull Clover and thresh Rice, Buck Wheat &c. preserved free from grit—Counterfeits will be dealt with as the law directs. July 18. eW-4f
SPRING GOODS.
WILLIAM TEMPLE,
HAS just received, by the ship Rebecca from London and Yorkshire from Liverpool, AN ASSORTMENT OF GOODS Suitable to the season, which he will dispose of on the usual terms. Richmond, May 9th. (1)
VIRGINIA:
AT A HIGH COURT OF CHANCERY, HELD AT THE CAPITOL, IN THE CITY OF RICHMOND, 5th March, 1796.
BETWEEN Mary Ruffin, executrix, and Herbert Clibbornes, James Ruffin and William Ruffin, executors of Robert Ruffin, and James Ruffin, William Ruffin and Sterling Ruffin, prosecuting in their own behalf, Pliffs.
AND William Macin, Isaac Hicks and Nancy his Wife, William Gee and John Gee, Defs.
THIS cause, which abated as to the plaintiff Mary Ruffin, by her death, came on the fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-six, to be heard on the bills, answers, exhibits and examinations of witnesses, and was argued by counsel: on consideration whereof, the court doth direct one of its Commissioners to state an account of the payments made, if any payments were made, towards discharging the debt, interest and charges, intended to be secured by the indenture in the bill recited, and also to examine the bills of credit alleged to have been tendered by John Jones, on behalf of the defendant William Macin, on the ninth day of December, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty one, in order to discover whether such bills of credit could be legally tendered at that time, and the Commissioner is empowered to examine the Plaintiffs in solemn manner, and require their acknowledgment or denial of such payments, and tender and to report the matters, as they shall appear to him, to the court, stating specially such as to him shall seem pertinent, and the bill is dismissed, as to the defendant John Gee, who hath by his answer disclaimed any title to the land conveyed by the indenture aforesaid.
A Copy, Teste, PETER TINSLEY, C. C.
COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE,
Richmond, May 23d, 1804.
The parties concerned are desired to take notice, that I have appointed Friday the twenty-third day of November next, for carrying into effect the within Decree, upon which day their attendance is required at my office, with their papers and accounts ready for examination. (25-8w) WM. HAY, M. C.
ADVERTISEMENT.
On the 6th day of September next, at the late dwelling house of Col. John Hedges, dec. on Chippawansic, near Dumfries, WILL BE SOLD, on a credit of twelve months, at public sale, to the highest bidder,
TWO TRACTS OF LAND, situate in Prince William county, containing about twelve hundred acres, of good quality, well timbered and improved, and a large proportion of it low grounds suitable for meadow. Also, about 25 LIKELY SLAVES, and all the other personal property of the estate of the said Hedges—Bond and approved security, together with a mortgage on the land sold, will be required of the purchasers. The land will be sold in tracts or lots, as may be most likely to produce the best price. SETH BOTTS, } Executors of John ISHAM E. HEDGES, } Hedges, dec. Chippawansic, July 5, 1804. eSd-21
VALUABLE HOUSES & LOTS.
THE SUBSCRIBER OFFERS FOR SALE OR RENT,
THAT handsome BRICK TENEMENT in which he at present resides, beautifully situated on Shockoe Hill, a short distance from the Capitol, in a very healthy and agreeable part of the city. The house (built of the best materials & quite new) is 33 by 37 feet, two story high, in which are eleven good rooms and a ten foot passage the whole width of the house, with convenient closets, and a cellar inferior to none in this city; attached to which are two half acre lots, one or both of which may be had with the house.
ALSO, FOR RENT OR LEASE, A small, neat, two-story BRICK TENEMENT, (in the neighbourhood of Mr. Thomas Rutherford) containing five good rooms, passages, closets, &c. &c. with the requisite out buildings, and a good well of water.
AND FOR SALE, Several handsome unimproved HALF-ACRE LOTS, eligibly situated on the Hill. A great bargain may be had in any part or the whole of the above property offered for sale, and liberal credit given for the greater part of the money. For further particulars, apply to SPOTSWOOD LIPSCOMBE. July 21. eS-4f
SPOTSWOOD LIPSCOMBE.
AT A QUARTERLY COURT CONTINUED AND HELD FOR PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY, MAY THE 22d, 1804.
WILLIAM WHITE, & Co. Plaintiffs.
AGAINST
THOMAS GIBSON & ROBERT } Defendants.
B. GIBSON, IN CHANCERY.
THE defendant Thomas Gibson not having entered his appearance and given security according to an act of the General Assembly, and the rules of this court; and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state: on the motion of the plaintiffs, by their counsel, it is ordered, that the said defendant Thomas Gibson do appear here on the first day of August court next, and answer the plaintiffs bill; and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the public newspapers printed in the city of Richmond for two months successively; and also posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county. A Copy, Teste, BENJAMIN WATKINS, D. C. 65/2m-16
THE PLANTATION
I WISH TO SELL
THE PLANTATION called I now live, containing about 200 acres. It is a very convenient and handsome situation lying on the bank of Rappahannock river, in Essex county, with every convenient half necessary for a family, all in tolerable good repair. I think it ought to command upon the beauty and convenience of the situation, and the fertility of the soil, as I suppose no person will purchase until he views the premises—I shall only say, that for all the qualities aforementioned, I suppose it to be equal at least to any feet in the lower part of the country. I will likewise sell my MILL, with 50 acres of Land adjoining it. She lies about three or four miles from her house. I will sell her with the Plantation, or by herself with the land that gives her, as may best suit the purchaser. She stands upon a very good stream, seldom over her banks, and is now in good repair, being lately rebuilt with Woking Gables, and a Cotton Gin fixed to go by water. I am ready to treat with any person for both or either of them, and will make the payments as easy as possible, and possession given at Christmas. W. GATEWOOD. August 11. eS-2w
FOR GLASGOW,
The British Ship JEANNE, JOHN COWAN, master; now at City Point; will be ready to receive Tobacco in a few days, and having part of her cargo engaged, will sail by the first proximo. For terms, apply to the captain on board to Robert & Allan Pollok, & Co. Richmond, or to BUCHANAN & POLLOK. Who offer for sale on board said ship, TEN THOUSAND BUSHELS LIVERPOOL STOVED SALT. Peterburg, August 6. 11 Sep
NEAL NELSON,
BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER,
MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND,
MAKES Boots & Shoes to any pattern or fashion, equal in point of MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP to any in general use. Imported Boots and Shoes, of the first quality and newest fashion, for sale. Gentlemen at a distance, who are disposed to forward me their measure, by paying attention to the annexed cut, can be fitted with Boots or Shoes as well as they were on the spot. A—the length of the Boot. B—the pitch of the ditto. C—the heel and instep. D—the ball of the foot. E—the toe. F—the sole. Fix the heel against a perpendicular, and stick a knife at the end of the great toe—set down in figures the number of inches and quarters, in the different measures. June 30. epfm
DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP.
By agreement, the partnership of SHANKS & MRÆE will cease on the last day of August. Those to whom the firm stands indebted will please exhibit their accounts, that arrangements may be made for their discharge. The debtors of the firm are desired to make immediate payment, as delinquents will be indiscriminately sued. Those concerned will make application to COLIN MRÆE. SHANKS & MRÆE. Manchester, August 15, 1804.
THE SUBSCRIBER
EXPECTS this fall a very general assortment of GOODS, and intends to continue business in the house now occupied by Shanks & Mræe. All those who have been heretofore punctual, are solicited to continue their dealings. COLIN MRÆE. August 15. ep3w
FOR SALE,
A TRACT OF LAND,
IN Powhatan county, on Appomattox River, where it is navigable, known by the name of M'Call's Quarter, containing 420 acres: this land lies about four miles from the Court House, and is well adapted to the culture of Tobacco, small grain and corn. Samuel Woodson, who lives near the land, will show it to any person who may wish to purchase. If it is not sold before the 1st of September next, I shall sell it upon that day to the highest bidder, at Woodson's Tavern, near the premises. JOHN F. PRICE. Richmond, May 30, 1804. [Laurel's Signa.]
THE OFFICE OF SUPERVISOR
FOR THE DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA
THE office of Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Virginia being discontinued, and the unfinished business of the said Office transferred to me, the Collectors of the Direct Tax and Internal Revenue, whose accounts have not been finally adjusted and paid, are hereby informed, that they are now requested to call at my office, in the city of Richmond, without delay, and pay the balances due to the United States. And those whole lands have been held in the district of Virginia by authority of an act of Congress of the United States for non-payment of the Direct Tax, may redeem such lands, by paying to me within the time limited, the principal costs and fees as the law directs. As most of the abovenamed lands were sold in Dec. 1802, the privilege of redemption will continue until December next. The money received by me for the redemption of the said lands, will be returned to the purchaser, with interest at the rate of 25 per cent per annum on the purchase money, to the day on which it may be paid to me. JOSEPH SCOTT. Marshall V.D. July 7. ep-4f
A WET NURSE.
WANTED to hire or purchase, a Wet Nurse without a child of her own. Enquire of the Printers. August 8. eS-4f
CASH SALE OF LAND IN ALBEMARLE.
On September 15th, WILL BE SOLD, in Charlottesville, to the highest bidder, for Cash,
THE TRACT OF LAND lying on the east side of Rivanna, over against Charlottesville, containing about 600 acres, with a new commodious DWELLING HOUSE. Two years of a lease under good restrictions have to run after this. The land is all of the South-West Mountain quality; and though much injured in parts, is in general still very good, and all reclaimable. The sale proceeds from a deed of trust to indemnify against loss as security and bail, which was executed in December, 1802, by William Bache, of Pennsylvania, to THOMAS M. RANDOLPH. July 25. ep158p
FOR SALE,
On liberal terms, by the Subscribers,
THE HOUSE and LOT near the River
Back, at present in the occupancy of Mr. John Taylor, and distinguished in the plan of the city by the number 8, the property of the estate of Patrick Wright, dec. which if not disposed of privately before the first day of September next, will on that day, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, be sold on the premises, for one half cash, and the other half on a credit of 90 days, for an approved endorsed note. An indisputable title will be made before the money is received. PROSSER & MONCURE. July 18. ep15
PIANO FORTES & MUSIC.
FOUR excellent Piano Fortes, for sale at Mr. WILLIAM PRICHARD'S Book-Store, on moderate terms.
ALSO—some New Music, consisting of SONGS and PIECES for PIANO FORTE. BLANK MUSIC, PAPER and BOOKS. A few very good FIELD DRUMS and FIFES. August 18. eS-2t
LIFE OF WASHINGTON.
THE FIRST VOLUME is ready for Subscribers at the Book Store of WM. PRICHARD. Richmond, August 18, 1804. epf.
MADEIRA WINE.
OF a superior quality, which we offer for sale by the hoghead and quarter-cask. GIBSON & JEFFERSON. July 18. epf.
SCOTTVILLE JOCKEY CLUB.
ON the second Thursday in September, will be run for, over the Scottville course, the Jockey Club Purse of £. 100—three mile heats. The day after, the Purse of the Proprietor of the Course, of £. 50—two mile heats. Weights as follows:     Aged Horses,  133 lbs.  Mares & Geldings allowed 5 lbs.    Six Years Old,  128    Five Years do.  117    Four Years do.  106    Three Years do.  90      WM. ARCHER, Secretary. August 11. ep5w-274
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
5th Circuit, Virginia District, May 30, 1804.
John Lloyd and John Hanbury, surviving partners of Hanbury and Lloyd, Plaintiffs:
vs.
John Buchanan, Archibald Brier, Robert West and Elizabeth Carter his wife, Mary Thornton and Priscilla his wife, Henry Perrin and Anna his wife, Samuel Anderson and Fanny his wife, John M'Kean, William M'Kean, and Alexander M'Kean, children and devisees of John M'Kean, deceased, and Thomas Watt, executor of Alexander M'Kean, deceased, who was executor of the said John M'Kean, deceased, Defendants.
IN CHANCERY.
ROBERT WEST is appointed guardian to Alexander M'Kean, an infant defendant in this suit; and the cause coming on by consent of the parties to be heard on the bill and amended bill, the answers of the defendants, replications, the will of John M'Kean, aforesaid, and the proceedings in a suit at law in this court brought by the complainants against the defendant Watt at executor aforesaid, which judgment was obtained at the December session 1801: WHEREUPON, it is decreed and ordered, That Edward Randolph, William Mitchell, Robert Pollard and Edward W. Rootes, or any two or more of them, do expose to sale at public auction, together or separately, the lot and tenement in the proceedings mentioned, and new in the occupation of William M'Kean; and the small tenements and ground thereunto belonging, which adjoin the tenement conveyed in trust to the defendants Buchanan and Brier after the time and place of sale shall have been advertised four weeks in one or more of the Richmond newspapers:—the terms of sale to be the third in cash, and the remaining two-thirds payable in installments with legal interest from the day of sale, the first installment to be paid twelve months, and the second in two years from the day of sale; the purchasers to give bonds for the said two installments, and in default of payment to be again sold by the said commissioners, or any two of them, for ready money, for the payment of the balances that may be due from the respective purchasers: AND IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, That the said commissioners who may act do from the proceeds of the sales hereby first directed, pay unto the complainants, their agent or attorney, three thousand one hundred and twenty-five dollars, thirty-one cents, with interest on two thousand two hundred and twenty-two dollars, sixty-five cents, part thereof, at five per cent, from the sixteenth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and one, the balance appearing to be due the complainants by a statement among the exhibits, and the costs of this suit; and the surplus, if any, after deducting the charges of the sale, to be brought into court, subject to such order as may hereafter be made concerning the same; the monies first raised by the sale to be applied to the satisfaction of the debts due the complainants: AND IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, That such of the commissioners as may act convey to the purchasers in conformity to the terms of this decree, and that they make report of their proceedings to the court. A Copy—Teste, JAMES BLAGROVE, D. C. Richmond, August 15th, 1804.
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
LONDON, May 29.
SPANISH SUBSIDY.
Letters from Cadiz of the 29th ult. state a circumstance which ought not to be passed over in silence, and yet it is not easy to see how the evil can be prevented, without causing a sacrifice in a commercial point of view. The greater part of the annual subsidy paid by Spain to France, is carried home to England by British men of war from Cadiz, and from England remitted in bills to Hamburg, where it is paid to the French agents. Within these two months, the following sums are stated to have been shipped on board the following ships, on account of the French government, though nominally consigned to merchants in London, viz. by the Diana, 500,000 dollars; by the Montmouth, 400,000 dollars; and by the Orpheus, 640,000 dollars. This is the only safe mode the Spaniards have of sending their silver to France, which constitutes the greater part of the remittances, and as it is attended with great advantage. The dollar at Cadiz is worth only four shillings and a penny, and in London, at the time these particular remittances were made, their value was about four shillings and nine pence, which yields a gain to the French of about 7 per cent. after paying freight, insurance, and commission.
JUN 18.
The Prince of Wales has lately entered with some earnestness into the politics of the times—In the house of commons, Mr. Sheridan has declared, that his Royal Highness feels no sentiments of hostility, no prejudice, no personal dislike nor any principle of execution towards any public character, whose exertions might be useful to the country; and at the dinner given at Carlton house, on Sunday he took occasion to remark, "that he trusted the event of Ireland's division would be considered by his friends, as propitious tending to a more firm and efficient administration hereafter, than as a temporary triumph of party spirit."
We received at the Hague news from the Cape of Good Hope, which announces that the
admirals Linns and Hartsek had united their naval forces, and failed together to attack Ceylon.
IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.
HOUSE OF COMMONS. June 19.
DEFENCE BILL.
Upon the question being put for the third reading of the defence bill,
Mr. Pyre said that at first, he thought this bill had a tendency to establish that work species of despotism, a military Government. The cause which had been introduced yesterday, and the opinion of a majority of the House, however, had induced him to alter his opinion, and he should not now oppose the further progress of the bill.
Mr. Grenville stated that he was convinced that the arguments which had been adduced, to prove the inadequacy and inefficiency of the measure, remained almost entirely unanswered. In reference to the words which had been supposed to have been uttered by him or by those gentlemen who acted with him, he found it his duty to say something. It was not the character of his mind to cavil about the precise words that might have been used by himself, or by his friends. He, however, did state in the most unequivocal terms, that nothing ever did fall from the lips of him, or any person connected with him, which could justify an opinion that they ever entertained the most distant idea of any one man being competent to the task of saving the nation, under the present circumstances. He never did imagine, that his Right Honourable Relation could have urged a claim, to form such an Administration as the present, on the ground that he had advanced. He could only view the present situation of his right hon. relation with pain and regret. It was universally understood, that a strong and efficient Administration, composed of all the principal men of talent, of weight and influence in the country, was absolutely necessary at the present crisis.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer begged to remind the house, that in his allusion to the opinion formerly delivered with respect to his personal conduct, by the right hon. gentleman who had just sat down, and his immediate connections, he did not see any thing tending to induce an idea that such a declaration precluded them from persons forming a judgement of the character of any Government that might be in existence; but, as far as related to himself, he thought he had a right to feel some surprise that after such an opinion as those gentlemen had formerly pronounced upon him—an opinion which could only proceed from excess of partiality—they should, the moment he had returned to office, enter into a systematic pointed opposition. At such opposition he must feel astonished, when he called to his recollection that it proceeded from those who, not many months since, declared that his appointment to the head of the administration would be sufficient to remove the inefficiency of which

tenness, that though they were to gain this point, they would have a good deal more to do, before they could reckon upon success. It is curious indeed, that I should be thus attacked by a combined confederacy of troops, who unite in sentiments upon this subject only, while during all their past lives, they have been involved in contradiction, and uniformly opposed to each other. I am not prepared to lay whether a more extensive Administration would not have been more suited to the present times, but it is the prerogative of the Crown, to call any person whom it thinks fit to the situation. I have been at an issue upon this point in former times, and I am now ready to maintain it as necessary to the free and monarchical Constitution of the country. As to my sufficiency or the sufficiency of those in office with me, it is not necessary to say a great deal upon that subject; but I am surprised at the language that has fallen from a noble Lord (Temple). I think it a little singular that my acting in concert with a part of the late Administration should be made a bar to the confidence of him and his friends. I do remember the time, when in the moment of his bitterest hostility to the minister, I do remember that they then said, if his Majesty would include me in the administration they would withdraw their opposition (Hear! Hear!). I am sure I have done nothing since that which can justify any charge of opinion; and, therefore, I am at little loss to know upon what ground they should now say, that the exclusion of men with whom they have not acted should make them refuse their assistance, and send them into opposition. I hope I have spoken guardedly upon this delicate subject. It is one which from habits of private friendship and connections, I should with to have entirely abstained; but what has gone forth into the world calls on me to say thus much. Sir, much fault has been found with the present bill, but I think I may, without vanity, be allowed to say it is a much better bill than the other, because it attempts to raise a force on better grounds by many degrees than that bill did. It has been the custom, Sir, during the debates on the present bill, to contrast this and other matters with the measures of the former Cabinet: gentlemen may amuse themselves in doing so. I can only say this is not a Cabinet that decides measures by telling of noses, as is done in this House, not that adopt measures according to a plurality of votes. A great deal has been said, Sir, in the course of the debate, of my not having formed an administration on a broad basis, and an extensive scale as to talents and influence. Sir I am perfectly aware that it is reasonable to expect great advantages from a broad Administration in times of danger—and yet Sir, I have my doubts whether such advantages are not rendered doubtful and questionable, from the great variety of arguments I have heard advanced during the debates on this bill, which they, almost to a certainty that the Hon. Gentleman, who, from their opposition to it and who would, many of them have been expected to form a part of that broad Administration, scarcely agree in any two points on which they give their opinions."
Mr. Windham began by noticing the topic which had been incidentally, and to him unexpectedly, introduced into this discussion. With respect to the opinion said to have been formerly declared by his hon. friend, and others with whom he had the honour to act respecting the right hon. gentleman on the treasury bench; were he a party to such a declaration, which he certainly was not, he would feel quite contented with the explanation made upon it by his hon. friend. The right hon. gentleman then proceeded to animadvert upon the principle and details of the bill, in the course of which he supported his former objections to the measure, in his usual strain of humour, and ingenuity of illustration. He concluded with pronouncing it not only a wild and novel, but dangerous and destructive proposition.
The chancellor of the exchequer maintained that this bill was, in principle, the same as that he had formerly submitted the outline, as in both, the object was to raise the men through the means of Paris officers.
Mr. Fox asserted that there was as much difference in the application of the principle as described in the right honourable gentleman's outline, and as contained in this bill, as there was between light and darkness.
The chancellor of the exchequer repeated his former opinion as to the Parisians.
Mr. Fox pointed out the difference he before alluded to, between the first proposition of the right hon. gentleman & the present bill, as in the one case the recruits were to be raised by the parish for the parish whereas by this bill they were to be raised by the parish for the public.
After a few words from Lord de Blaquiere, the bill was, without a division, read a third time, passed, and ordered to the Lords.
The other orders of the day being disposed of, the house adjourned till to-morrow.
From English papers to the 30th June, by the brig Commerce, arrived at Norfolk, in 4 days from London, the Norfolk papers have extracted the Latest European Intelligence. These articles, altho' they have assumed little or no arrangement in the Norfolk papers, are republished nearly in the same order in which they issued from the press. The first series of articles is taken from the "Norfolk Herald;" the "Public Ledger" supplies the second.
FROM LONDON PAPERS TO 30TH JUNE.
On the 24th inst. at four o'clock in the morning, the Empress of Germany was safely delivered of an Arch Duchess.
Among the minor articles of French intelligence, is a report, that the rank of high admiral of France will be conferred upon Jerome Bonaparte, an officer for which he certainly enjoys the oldest and most essential qualification, the art of keeping out of the way of English squadrons.
PARIS, JUNE 10.
Yesterday at St. Cloud Madame Polignac threw herself at the feet of the Emperor, as he was passing through the Hall where he receives the Ministers to the apartment of the Empress, & supplicated him for the pardon of her husband. She had been from 6 A. M. with the Empress, who in the kindest and most affecting manner had not only supported and encouraged her, but had contrived the means of an interview with the Emperor. The presence of a woman in a place which women are not permitted to enter, occasioned some surprise in his Imperial Majesty, when, bursting into tears, she informed him that she was Madame Polignac. The Emperor stopped, regarded her with attention, and expressed his astonishment that M. de Polignac, whom he had remembered as the companion of his youth at the Military School, should have engaged in such an odious transaction. Madame Polignac, as well as the violence of her grief would allow her, attempted to exculpate her husband of the design of participating in crimes which are forbidden by honor as well as by the laws. The accidents of her grief gave additional force to her supplication; and his Imperial Majesty, who was very much affected on the occasion, replied—"As the attempt was against my own life, I may be justified in pardoning him, and I pardon him accordingly." When he heard with a condescending attention the expressions of her gratitude, he said, "they are very culpable indeed, who employ the most faithful servants in such criminal and ill contrived undertakings. They cannot justify the exposure of their young people to dangers which they do not share with them."
JUNE 14.
Monday last the sister and aunt of M. de Rivier, went to St. Cloud to implore the clemency of his Majesty the Emperor, in favour of their unhappy relative, condemned to death by the sentence of the 10th. Her Imperial Majesty deigned, with that goodness which characterises her, to facilitate their access to her august spouse. The Emperor gave to the tears of this family the pardon it solicited. The next day Mademoiselle Lajolais, a young lady of 14 years of age, whose father was condemned by the same sentence, and her mother in confinement, without relatives, without friends, without counsel at Paris, went alone to express her despair to Madame the Princess Louis Bonaparte. Her Imperial Highness received her with the same goodness of which the Empress her mother had given such affecting examples. She conducted her immediately to St. Cloud. The grief and supplications of the young Lajolais obtained the pardon of her father.
The pardon of M. Bouvet de Lozier, was granted the same day to Mademoiselle Bouvet, his sister, under the auspices of her Imperial Highness Madame the Princess Murat.
BOULOGNE, June 13.
Several divisions of the flotilla are in our road: 25 English vessels are anchored opposite us, at the distance of a league and a half—they dare not approach our line. A division that has arrived from Calais is entering the road this moment. General Moreau is said to be dissatisfied with the sentence of the Court, declaring him to have been concerned in the conspiracy. Great joy has been manifested in some parts of the army on the coast, that this great General has not been sentenced to death.
Tourou, the friend of Moreau has been banished to his country seat at Clos Porgene, for the space of a year.
COMPIEGNE, June 17.
The emperor arrived at Compiegne at eleven o'clock on Saturday night. This morning at three o'clock he was on horseback, and manoeuvred the dragoons of the camp on foot till noon. In the evening he received the constituted authorities, visited the school of arts and manufactures, mounted on horseback, and inspected the cavalry until night.— Monsieur .
HAMBURG, June 22.
We learn from Hanover under date of the 19th, that field marshal Bernadotte is arrived there, and has received the congratulations of the executive commission, and the French general officers. The former immediately delivered to him a memorial containing a survey of the present situation of the unhappy electorate and its finances. The French troops there are still in arrears of pay for 700,000 francs.
The exchange of couriers from Paris to Holland, Hanover, and Berlin, continues with unabated rapidity, and several corps of troops are about to be put in motion though their destination is not known.
General Moreau with the rest of the conspirators, is now again confined in the Temple; and the rumor of his having returned to his country seat at Groisbois, or of having had an interview with Bonaparte at St. Cloud, was without foundation—Moreau himself and all the condemned, have applied for a revision of their sentence to the Court of Cassation, and after the decision of the latter shall be known, the act of condemnation will be published in due juridical form, with such mitigations as it may undergo.
The news of general Acton's having lost his place as prime minister of the King of Naples, is premature.
A number of Russian ships of war, with troops, continue to arrive at Constantinople, from whence they proceed to Corfu.
BERLIN, June 16.
It is understood that lieut. gen. prince Haffeldt is appointed to carry the congratulations of this court to the newly elected emperor of the French. He came to Berlin from his estate at Aller, near Dusseldorf, but the time of his departure is not yet fixed.
VERONA, June 1.
It is still said that the house of Austria will receive the republic of Ragusa, which has hitherto been under the protection of the Ottoman Porte. By this the Austrian monarchy will obtain a new port, which carries on a considerable trade by sea; and also the advantage of establishing a complete communication between Dalmatia and Cattaro in Albania, ceded to the court of Vienna by the treaty of Lunneville, which communication was before interrupted by the territory of Ragusa.
NAPLES, May 25.
His Sicilian majesty has promoted the late minister of state, count Acton, to the rank of a prince; and as a further reward for the services which he has rendered to the crown and the state, has presented him with some fine estates in Sicily, which bring in annually above 30,000 dollars. The count has now resigned all his offices, and has determined to end his days on these estates. He in consequence set out for Sicily on
the 24th of May. The king and queen, and the whole royal family, took leave of him with great regret. The representations of a foreign power has greatly contributed to this change in the administration.
VIENNA, June 6.
The conference between the minister of State, count Cobentzel, and the envoys from the different powers, are now less frequent than ever. Our court still remaining firm to its system of neutrality, and will enter into new alliances.
LONDON, June 25—30.
The Hamburg Mail, which arrived yesterday, has brought us Journals of the 12th, and private letters of the 15th instant.
The former contain some public events of interest, and the latter furnish us with several curious particulars relative to the trial of the conspirators at Paris, which have not yet found their way into the French papers. Our readers will find in the 86th address to the Diet of Ratisbon by the Envoy for Brandenburg, a new instance of the severe weight with which the Continental Sovereigns, as in many of the foreign journals, among others the Hamburg papers, the verbal declaration of the Envoy had been incorrectly stated, the following is given as authentic.
"The Envoy said, he had not failed to send the Russian Imperial note to the King of Prussia, the Elector of Baden, and his other coadjutors, but had not yet received, nor could have received any orders on the subject; he conceded, however, that he might declare, that his majesty, his most gracious master, had confidence that the First Consul would, of himself, give in such a declaration relative to the late occurrences, so alarming to the Empire, as would, according to the observation of the deputy for Bohemia and the Archduchy of Austria, prove conciliatory and satisfactory, and satisfy the expectations of his Russian Imperial Majesty."
The Prussian government, at the desire of Bonaparte, has arrested general Lahorie, formerly on the staff of Moreau's army, and Freimeres, Moreau's secretary, at Neisse, in Silesia. They were to be sent down the Elbe from Magdeburg, and delivered up to the French in Hanover.
Letters from Florence of the 30th ult. positively assert that the Pope will go to crown Bonaparte at Lyons.
Prince Esterhazy having, with a just sense of his own dignity, refused the mission to Paris, to congratulate Bonaparte as Emperor, that appointment has been conferred on Prince Sinzendorff, but he is not to set out till after the coronation.
The Pope has requested the mediation of Austria to reconcile the Emperor Alexander for the outrage, his holiness has committed upon one of his naturalized subjects; the offer, however, has been waved, under the pretence that Bonaparte was more able to settle this point than the court of Vienna.
The minister of the Prince of Orange, Baron D'Yvrey, has left the Hague, having finished the negotiation relative to the indemnities of the Prince. The whole of the indemnifications, according to some Journals, amounts to from five to six millions of florins. The obligations for the Prince will not be changed into national obligations, but remain a particular debt. The whole affair is arranged to the satisfaction of the Batavian government.
We learn by private letters from Petersburg, on the 23th inst. that general Hedouville, on receiving a courier from his government, postponed his departure from that city, for which every preparation had been made. It was supposed that those dispatches contained offers of satisfaction and conciliation on the part of Bonaparte. The dispatches were deliberated upon in a council of state, and the result of the deliberations was immediately forwarded to the Emperor, who was at Revel, giving orders for the grand naval review, under admiral Tschitchagoff. Hedouville would, it is said, have quitted Petersburg before now, had he been able to settle for the considerable sums of money he owes in that city. Bonaparte has ordered him a remittance to liquidate all fair demands, but he is discontented with the ill success of his mission.
The Prussian Ambassador at Paris, the Marquis Lucchesini, expects his new credentials every day; they are already on the road.
The Helvetic Envoy, M. Maillard, and the Batavian Ambassador, citizen Schimmelpennick, have already received by couriers their new credentials to the Emperor.
The court retinue of the Empress, and the Princes and Princesses of the blood, are now forming; among the persons appointed, are several of the old nobility, and many persons who have been little known till within these few years;
"The tyrant moulds them in one common mass."
For many interesting details respecting Moreau, Georges, &c. we are indebted to a correspondent who has constantly attended the proceedings on their trial, from the commencement to the day of Moreau's defence, which is the date of his last letter. He says—
"In the night of the 26th inst. they were all removed from the Temple and the Abbey prisons to the Conciergerie. Each of the conspirators, when put to the bar, has a gens d'armes by his side, so that they are always between two. Part of the spectators stand, the rest have three galleries, viz. the first for the general staff of the garrison of Paris; the second for travellers of distinction, and the diplomatic corps; the third for people of rank and fashion, who are Frenchmen by birth. Georges is observed never to look about him, but continually fixes his eyes on some object that happens to be in front of him. He always sits and stands with his arms crossed. His answers are very polite, but he makes it no secret that it was his design to restore Louis XVIII. The Marquis Riviere is equally open in his answers. He spoke much in praise of the Count D'Artois, now Monsieur. The two Polignacs, on account of their youth, excite general pity."
Picot, George's servant, speaks with great resolution, and denies his first declarations, saying, they had been extorted from him by violence.
Eyraud stated, that from his not speaking French well enough, being an Alsatian by birth, his meaning had been misconstrued in all his depositions.
Moreau's defence was modest and liberal. In some of the sittings he took notes with a pencil. When, in proof of his patriotism, he alluded to the number of battles he had won, and the many fortresses and towns he had taken, he was warmly applauded by some of the auditors; upon which the President called out to the Huissiers to turn out the applauders; but as they either had not observed, or would not observe them, they remained. Being asked why he did not denounce Pichegru, knowing his treachery, he repeatedly said, that to turn an informer was acting a part which his heart revolted at. While Moreau defended himself, during an hour, the utmost silence prevailed in court. The prisoners were well dressed: Moreau wears either a grey, or a brown coat, and a queue, but no powder.
The Monitor of the 15th contains the following article relative to England, dated Paris, June 14:
"Commerce should be on its guard against the false rumours circulated by the newspapers Bulletins from London."
"There is no inquietude with respect to the tranquillity of the continent. All ideas of a coalition are mere chimeras invented by English brains. It is equally false that there have been maritime events of any importance; some partial attacks have been to our advantage; we have never been in a better position during any war with England, and our enemies have never been in a more embarrassing situation. In fine, all the rumours spread either by the bears or disorderly brains upon our situation, both internal and external, are equally void of foundation."
The Corsican is now endeavouring to infuse new vigour into his marine. Rear Admiral Decres, Gantheaume, and Villeneuve, have been promoted to the rank of Vice Admirals. A number of new regulations have been introduced into the naval department. An act of amnesty has been passed in favour of deserters from the army and navy, who shall return to their duty by a certain day. An arrest of the 2d inst. orders the release of all persons in custody under any sentence of the correctional police, for debts due to government or under the sentence of a naval or military court martial. This arrest is stated, in its resemblance to proceedings from the new Emperor's will to signify his accession to the Imperial Throne, by acts of indulgence and beneficence. A sum of 600,000 francs has been granted to each of the Municipalities of Paris, Lyons, Marseilles, and Bordeaux, and every communal precinct of the Empire to be appropriated by the respective municipalities as dowries to poor girls of good character who are to celebrate their marriage on the day which shall be fixed for the Emperor's coronation.
Francis de Neufchateau is nominated President of the Senate.
It is also said the place of High Admiral of France will be reserved for Jerome Bonaparte, whose marriage is to be cancelled, as it had not obtained the Emperor's consent, and his rights restored to him. The Imperial family will then be completely provided for, at least for the present.— (Mirror of the Times) .
ACCIDENT.
The tragedy of the REVENGE was performed at Liverpool on the 23d June. The house was but thinly attended. The character of Alonzo was sustained by Mr. Barrymore, and of Zanga by Mr. Cooper. Mrs. Aicken performed Leonora.
In the last scene of the play, where Alonzo stabs himself with the dagger which he had previously wrested from Zanga, poor Barrymore, realized the scene. It was a real African dagger, a favourite of Mr. Cooper, and the same which he always used in acting Zanga. Mr. Barrymore, not aware of this, struck himself violently with this dreadful weapon, and instantly fell upon the stage. As he lay upon the stage, he called softly for help, saying "I am wounded. It is a real dagger." For a few seconds the performers stood motionless from terror. At length some one cried out, "Drop the curtain," and an alarm was excited. Some ran from the house, others flew to the stage to gratify their curiosity. Among these were two medical gentlemen who gave their assistance. Upon examination they found that the dagger took a floating direction across the lower ribs, which it passed over, and lodged in his belly, in which it inflicted a wound of about an inch. He lost a great deal of blood. It flowed over the stage. The wound was dressed upon the stage, after which he was carried home, faint with the loss of blood. This morning I called at his lodgings, in company with a gentleman of the Theatre, but the surgeons had ordered that no one should be permitted to see him. We were told, however, that no feverish symptoms had manifested themselves, and that he is not considered in danger.
The Monitor contradicts in very positive terms, the reports of a Continental Confederacy being now forming against France; all ideas of which are said to be "mere chimeras, invented by English brains." To these reports, indeed, we have never attached the slightest degree of credit; and the improbability of such an event taking place, for the present, becomes every day still greater. It is now mentioned in letters from Ratisbon, that "the Directorial Minister, in the sitting of the Diet of the 14th inst. has given the Assembly to understand, that the matter respecting the alleged violation of the German territory, in the arrest of several persons on the right side of the Rhine by the French, can by no means form an object of deliberation for the Diet."— Morn. Post .
The Military Defence Bill passed the House of Lords yesterday, without a division, or any debate of consequence. The bill will now be examined by the public upon its own merits, independently of party spirit, and if it answers the end proposed, every friend to his country will rejoice that this contest is terminated. The Prince of Wales was in the House, but, with his accustomed delicacy of feeling, retired before the above business came on. His Royal Highness, during the conversation which took place, relative to Mr. Justice Fox, was seated on the second bench, immediately behind Lord Moira. He had previously a conference with Mr. Fox, who was called out of the House of Commons for that purpose.
It is now understood, that Parliament will not rise before the 25th of next month, as the Minister, confident of his strength, means to propose several new measures during the present session.
CHARLESTON, August 19, 1804.
The brig Amazon, arrived this morning left the Texel on the 29th of June, with Dutch papers to the 15th June. The verbal intelligence by this arrival is of no great import. The bustle of preparation for the invasion of England was in some measure subsiding; and the general opinion was, that it would be given up. On the night of the 24th of June, capt. Legare heard a heavy cannonading from the French coast, which was continued during the whole of the next day; arising probably from an attempt of some of the gun-boats to pass from Flushing and Ostend to Dunkirk.
It appears that notwithstanding the sentence of the criminal tribunal, Moreau remained at large; and from the strong interest made in his favour, was presumed that the Emperor Napoleon would remit his condemnation.
DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.
It is well known, that cotton has been, for a long time past, sent from BOMBAY TO CHINA, where it is manufactured in immense quantities. In late years it has been shipped from Bengal to Canton, and it is probable that English policy will endeavour to extend this commerce. The Chinese find it more for their interest to pay for Cotton of a foreign growth, than to devote their lands to its cultivation, and the experience of the last 15 or 20 years has confirmed them in pursuing a practice to which it is said they were once compelled to resort, from the dreadful effects of a famine which happened among them, in consequence of a neglect in raising a regular supply of rice, so necessary an article of food in all parts of the East.
In the Canton market it is presumed we may find a ready sale for all the portion of our cotton which England does not want. The quality of what is called Upland Cotton is supposed to be inferior to the best from Bombay or Surat. In time of war, the India Cotton cannot be sold in China much under eighteen or twenty cents per pound, as it is then subject to a high freight and insurance, when shipped on English bottoms.
As the English by Mr. Jay's treaty, had secured the carriage of cotton from India to China, (with all other articles from their settlements, in the direct course to every part of the world, the United States excepted) this trade has been almost exclusively in their hands, and we have seen our merchants driven to the necessity of exporting hard money as the only means through which the United States could be supplied with Nankins and Teas, which are now to generally used by the people of this country—while the English pay for theirs chiefly in cotton and other articles from India, and in manufactures from England. It is true England sends out some specie by the annual fleet to China, yet the quantity is known to have been very inconsiderable of late years; but one fact relative to this trade is worthy of being mentioned. It was only a few months since one of their China or India ships (the Sir Edward Hughes) touched at New York and Norfolk, and took away near a million of dollars, the greater part of which was the first instalment promised by us in lieu of the sixth and for the revival of the seventh article of the
British treaty, for stipulations of American property, the proceedings on which in London had been suspended. Cotton of the second or inferior quality in the Southern States, if purchased on the spot, is often to be procured at fifteen cents per pound, and since we have acquired the fertile country of Louisiana, where it can be produced in abundance, it may be concluded that the planters may find it even for their interest in future years to sell it at a still lower price, & this will probably be the natural consequence of, or at least the event may be accelerated by, the too great exportations to Great-Britain.
The American ships destined to China generally go out in ballast, and no profit being expected on the outward voyage, it may be supposed that cotton, which is a light article, can be freighted on extremely low terms from this country. Some calculations make the quantity of specie exported from the United States to Canton alone, amount to nearly two millions of dollars annually, upon an average of the last ten years; and if we reckon back to the year 1789, it may be supposed in the lapse of 15 years, averaging fifteen hundred thousand dollars per year only, to amount to upwards of 20 millions of dollars, exclusive of a much greater sum exported to the East Indies for the same period. The profit of those voyages, if any, resulting from the homeward shipments, little or no freight would probably be demanded by the owners of ships engaged in the regular trade to Canton. Whereas the English country ships in India receive a handsome freight upon the cotton carried by them, because no freight is expected on the returned cargoes, their funds being either remitted back to India in specie, or placed in the company's treasury in exchange for bills; and thus forming a complete investment for the company's homeward bound China fleet. These remarks are made with a view that the subject may be further investigated by persons possessing better and more extensive information than the writer of this article. He wishes that a trial may be first made of exporting cotton from the United States to Canton. It is certain that no loss can happen, upon a small quantity, and should it eventually succeed, it will be of primary importance to the United States. Thus may a new vent be found for an article which now stands the highest on our export list, forming in actual value one quarter part of all our present exports; and thus may our tonnage find new employment, and our merchants have the prospect of giving the exportation of a large part of the specie, which is sure of finding its way round the Cape of Good Hope.— [Salem Reg. Salem, August 4, 1804.]
From the Philadelphia Gazette.
DISCONTENT IN LOUISIANA.
We some days ago laid before our readers an extract of a letter from New Orleans, representing certain subjects which were to become the grounds of a remonstrance to Congress. Letters and papers to a subsequent date to that extract, confirm it in all its particulars, and furnish us with the proceedings on the subject. A second meeting of the inhabitants was held on the 8th July, at which J. Etienne Bore acted as President and Mr. Robelot, as secretary. The President, as chairman of the committee previously appointed to draft the remonstrance, addressed the meeting in a speech of some length, inciting his hearers to unanimity, and perseverance in the measures they were pursuing. Several resolutions were then adopted; one authorizing a committee to distribute the remonstrance throughout the country, & to obtain to it the names of all the inhabitants friendly to its object; another calling on the subscribers for a voluntary contribution to defray the expenses of the deputies who were to bear the representation to congress.
A ballot also took place for the most suitable characters for this mission; upon which it appeared, that M. Derbigny had 111 votes, M. Desfrenar 109, and M. Saure 67, and were accordingly declared elected.
The committee of remonstrance again addressed the meeting.
This address consisted principally of a sketch of the duties expected to be performed by the deputies. It begins by saying, "on the issue of their embassy depends principally the future destiny of our country;" and then observes, "not that we expect that your committee will be admitted into the august presence of congress to plead the cause of their fellow citizens; for this we cannot pretend to hope. But in the particular circles where they will find members of the legislature, they will have to answer questions, to discuss their rights, and to prove that they are legitimate." Hence they infer the necessity of the deputies being men of talents, and possessing extensive political information. They should also, it is observed, be men without affection or presumption; "for," says the committee, "remember that they are to appear in the presence of the First Magistrate of America, an illustrious sage, a philosopher, a legislator, a distinguished statesman, who will judge agreeably to strict policy, and whose modesty would be wounded, and not flattered, by the appearance of shew or arrogance."
Such is the nature of the proceedings of Mr. Jefferson's newly adopted brethren. It does not appear that many of the Americans of New Orleans either join in or approve them. As far as the publications go, the measure has originated, and is supported exclusively by Frenchmen. What will be the issue of the remonstrance, cannot now be conjectured. This however must be evident to every man's sense, that unless Mr. Jefferson acts on this occasion, with more than his ordinary prudence and firmness, he will be precipitated into a labyrinth of difficulties, ruinous to himself, and highly injurious to the country.
Translated from the Louisiana Monitor for this GAZETTE.
NEW-ORLEANS, July 7, 1804.
At the time when I proposed to render an account to the King, my master, of the extraordinary libel inserted in the "Telegraphe" N. 55, and also of the manner in which I had refuted the misrepresentations contained in that publication, in order that the respect due to the Spanish government should not be injured by men who express themselves in such violent terms, I experienced great satisfaction in being able to assure your Majesty, that if one or two inhabitants, clandestinely assembled, assuming the name of "Friends to the Louisianians," have expressed their disaffection to the Spanish Government, the most respectable part, and a vast majority of the inhabitants, of far different disposition, have shown their gratitude by expressing the sentiments of their hearts, in a manner by no means equivocal; as will be seen by the following letter, which has been addressed to me, signed by a considerable number of inhabitants, as evidence hereafter the gratitude with which they are penetrated, for the benefit they have experienced while under your Majesty's government.
(Signed)
THE MARQUIS DE CASA CALVO.
To the Marquis De Casa Calvo, Commissary of his Catholic Majesty, in Louisiana.
SIR,
There is no inhabitant of Louisiana, at least within our knowledge or acquaintance, who could have read,

Without the most lively emotions, the extract from the Royal Order, which you caused to be inserted in the "Monitor" of the 27th of last month.
The last act of unexampled beneficence on the part of a government towards a people no longer governed by its laws, completes the numberless proofs which his Catholic Majesty has never ceased during the course of forty years to give us of his solicitude and tender affection towards us. At the same time, it will forever secure to us, his Catholic Majesty, the respect and gratitude of all his ancient and faithful subjects in Louisiana.
Their sentiments, be persuaded, Sir, are general, in the hearts of all honest men among us. Disregard them, and permit us not to be Catholic Majesty to be made acquainted with the vile impressions which a few base and doubtful obscure individuals have dared to utter against his government, in the 55th number of the "Telegraph." The veil with which these wretches have carefully concealed themselves at once their turpitude and the shame which they themselves feel for their conduct. Observe also, the general indignation which they have excited, and you will be yourself convinced, and ready to assure his Majesty, that if Louisiana contains in its bosom a few perfidious and ungrateful beings, by far the greatest proportion of its inhabitants is composed of men, upright, faithful, grateful, and in a word, worthy, by their attachment to his august person, of the numerous benefits which they have received at his hands.
We are, with respect, Sir, Your most humble, and most Obedient Servants, [Here follow the signatures.] Certified conformable to the original, MARQUIS DE CASA CALVO.
*The remaining inhabitants would have followed the example, if time, and the distance of their residence had permitted.
We understand that on Sunday last, a patriotic meeting of French citizens was held, to take into consideration the situation of the province. That a memorial was presented to the assembly defined hereafter, to be forwarded to Congress, complaining of innumerable grievances, and boldly and magnanimously asserting the right of the territory to be immediately incorporated into the union as an independent state. Upon this measure we shall forbear at present, to make many comments. The memorial has not as yet been made public, nor has it been in our power to obtain the most accurate knowledge of its contents. We shall wait therefore with patience until the committee appointed to obtain fisher-letters to this new bill of rights, framed by citizen Livingston, and supported by citizens Kore, Tupper and others, shall deem it fit to submit it to public inspection. At present we shall be content to appeal to the sober good sense of men of all descriptions, to request them to consider and reflect what are the objects, and what will be the inevitable effect of this measure—a measure which we cannot hesitate to pronounce inconsiderate and premature, fraught with pernicious consequences, and calculated, eminently calculated, to disturb that harmony and tranquility which have hitherto been our pride as well as our security.
That the people of Louisiana have a right to remonstrate Congress on the subject of any real grievance no man can deny who merits to be the citizen of a free country; but in all cases of popular remonstrances the quo animo is a matter of very serious consideration. In the case of Mr. Livingston's memorial it becomes a question of no little curiosity to determine what are the claims which the people, the very people who have become subscribers to it, really wish that the government of the U. States should grant. To say that Louisiana is capable of forming a state at the present moment, according to the constitution of the U. States is saying more, I believe, than even M. Bore could prove. As this great question however is predetermined, and since we are told that it is a truth unquestionable, that we have the right, not in future, but at present, and that congress have violated the treaty of cession, in not having given us before this exercise of that right, viz. of framing a constitution of government for ourselves and becoming an independent state of the American Union: We may certainly be permitted to enquire how, and what manner, is this state to be formed?—What is to be the extent of its territory?—Where is to be the seat of its government; and what will be the annual expense of its establishment? If these questions cannot be satisfactorily answered, we must conclude that the authors of this memorial complain of grievances which they themselves must be conscious do not exist, and demand rights, which if Congress were at this moment to grant, they would not accept. In other words we must look for the motives of these sudden patriots, and determine for ourselves whether they are not hazarding the happiness and prosperity of this country, for the gratification of their own private views and individual ambition.
(N. Orleans Union, June 7.)
THE repeal of the law for opening the ports for the admission of negroes, is now talked of, not upon formula, but something approaching to certainty. The mischief which that ill-advised measure has already done to the commercial part of the community is incalculable, and is so far from being balanced by any advantage on the part of the agricultural, that its repeal cannot be too soon. In fact, the benefit the planter may be supposed to derive from the increased quantity of produce, will be greatly diminished by the reduction in the price, which must necessarily follow a glut at market, and will in all probability balance the interest of the purchase money, and maintenance and clothing of the additional hands. On the other hand, it has so entirely absorbed—we should rather say typhooed , the cash of the country—that it is to say, taken it out of its fair course of circulation, that the business of commerce are palsied, and, if the cause were to continue, must perish. The planter buys slaves with the cash which would otherwise go to the merchant for his supply of European, Indian, and other foreign productions; the merchant, of course, is disabled from making punctual payments; paper currency flagnates for want of money to keep the head of the fountain running; and thus credit, the life and soul of commercial property, is destroyed. From this injury to particulars, the general credit and reputation of the whole country is so much suspended, that nothing but time, and great prosperity can restore it again to its place, or put it back into its customary course. These evils begin to be seen, and being backed by many other circumstances and opinions derived from other states, will, it is said, certainly lead to the desired repeal as soon as the legislature of this state shall meet.
Charleston Courier.
Accounts from St. Helena, state, that the Caterpillars have made their appearance among the cotton in that and the neighbouring Islands; and have done considerable damage.
[Charleston Times.]
The United States Gun-Boat, No. 1, commanded by Lieutenant LOVELL, arrived in this port yesterday, from Hampton Roads. This is one of the vessels announced some time ago, as intended for the protection of our Southern coast. She is rigged like a cutter, and mounts a 32 pounder on a slide on her bow, and two six pounders as stern chasers. She draws only 3 1/2 feet water, and is said to sail remarkably fast. She has now on board 45 men exclusive of Officers, which is her full complement.—[Ibid.]
To the Editor of the City Gazette. MR. FRENEAU—A gentleman has lately arrived from France, who being well acquainted
with the construction of vessels of war, and in particular gun boats, states, that he has lately seen and examined the gun boats built by the French, that many of them are of 800 tons burthen, that they are flat bottomed, and have sliding keels, after the plan invented by the ingenious capt. Schanks of the British navy, as described in "Charnack's Naval Architecture," vol. 3, page 364—and which may also be seen in the last edition of the Encyclopaedia.
A more full and particular account hereafter. A Friend to Naval Improvements.
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FROM N. CAROLINA.
RALEIGH, August 20.
We have not yet heard from all the Congressional Elections. It may be safely concluded, that Mr. Blackledge is re-elected for Newbern district; Mr. Alston for Halifax district; Dr. Alexander for Salisbury district; Col. Winton for the Salem district; Mr. Holland for the Morgan district; and Mr. M. D. Williams for the Caswell district. The latter gentleman, we believe, had no opposition.
The elections in Edenton, Edgcomb, Wilmington and Fayetteville districts have been pretty strongly contested. We shall probably hear the decision from Edgcomb and Edenton for our next publication.
We understand Duncan M'Farland is elected to Congress for Fayetteville district, by a majority of about 100.
The Wilmington paper says, "We have not yet been enabled to obtain a correct statement of the votes given in this district for a Member of Congress: there is, however, but little doubt of the re-election of the Hon. James Gillespie."—[Raleigh Register.]
Warrenton District.—The Hon. Nathaniel Macon is re-elected without opposition.
Halifax District.—Willis Alston has a majority of 663 votes in Halifax, Northampton, and two of the Separate Elections in Bertie. There is no doubt but he will be elected by a great majority over J. M. Benford.
Tarborough District.—Edgcomb gave almost an unanimous vote to T. Blount; Pitt gave Mr. Kennedy 477 and Mr. Blount 228, but as we have no other returns, it is not known who is elected.
Salisbury District.—Dr. N. Alexander is re-elected without opposition.
Iredell, Stokes, &c. WINSTON. FRANKLIN. STOKES, 1040 217. No returns from the other counties.—[Minerva.]
The following is a statement of the SUPPLIES required by Great Britain for the current year:
  Navy (exclusive of 325; 000, Ordnance sea service) 11 715 000   Army (England) 16 256 000   Ditto (Ireland) 3 887 000   19 143 000   Ordnance (England) 3 693 000   Ditto (Ireland) 369 000   4 062 000   Vote of credit, including 800 000. for Ireland 2 500 000   Miscellaneous (England) including 40 000. for services not yet voted 617 000   Ditto (Ireland) including 50 000. voted for civil contingencies 266 000   883 000   Irish permanent grants 400 000   Joint charges of England and Ireland 38 703 000   Add England separate charges,   Tonnage ships 263 000   Deficiency of malt duty, 1802, 115 000   American awards 412 000   Exchequer bills, V. C. 1803, 1 500 000   2 292 000   Total supply 40 995 000 
This sum exceeds one hundred and eighty millions of dollars; is more than double the entire amount of our national debt: and is seventeen times the amount of the taxes laid by the general government. It operates as a tax of fifteen dollars upon every man, woman and child in the kingdom, and of more than one hundred dollars upon every family.
The navy costs fifty three millions.
The army costs one hundred millions.
The poor are oppressed, not only by the direct weight of these taxes, but likewise by the increased price of all the necessaries of life, occasioned by more than a million of hands being taken from the plough or the work shop.
On these facts we make no comments. Every American will appreciate their importance; will acknowledge, with gratitude, the unrivalled happiness of his own country, and will reverence with increased ardor, the superiority of republican to monarchical institutions.
[Nat. Int.]
NEW-YORK, August 18.
The ship Little Cornelia, capt. Harrison, from Rochefort for this port, captured on the 6th instant by the British ship Leander, and ordered for Halifax. The re-capture on the 9th, by the captain, mate, and cooks, and has arrived safe at New-London. The re-capture, from the prize-master and eight seamen who were put on board, was effected without the loss or injury of an individual.—[N. Y. Mer. Adv.]
The Leander, on Thursday afternoon, captured the ship Hibberts, from Havana for New-York, with a cargo of mahogany and logwood, and sent her for Halifax. She was an English vessel, and was lately captured by the French. [Ibid.]
The schooner Araminta from Cayenne (not the Amity, as mentioned yesterday) was captured on Wednesday by the Leander, and ordered for Halifax. [Ibid.]
The captors of the ship Eugenia, of this port, have entered a plea, for the restoration of the ship and cargo, on the ground of the illegality of the re-capture by American citizens.
We are informed, that Col. Barclay, the English Consul-General, has drawn up a representation of the business, and has forwarded it to Mr. Merry, the English ambassador, now at Philadelphia. This subject will now become a national question. A full and liberal discussion on the part of the two governments is expected. The right of British cruisers to block up, as it were our seaports, will also no doubt, be a subject of investigation.
On Tuesday a committee of the Missionary Society, consisting principally of distinguished clergymen, had an interview, at the City Hotel, with the Chiefs of the Otago tribe of Indians, now in this city; to whom they presented a Bible, together with an address, the object of which was to inform them, that this good book contained the will and the laws of the Great Spirit. The King, in reply to the committee, assured them, that he received the present with great thankfulness—that he would convey it to his nation, and preserve it with care; but as neither he nor his people could read it, he begged that some good white man might be sent to instruct them; that hitherto he had been blind, but now his eyes were opened; that he saw we were a great and a good people, and he hoped we would always live in friendship together.
The spectacle exhibited in Vauxhall Garden on Monday evening was novel and interesting. In celebration of the "Sons of the Forest," a number of Indians, and other exotics of the Otago and Ute tribes, in full costume of paint and feathers, and armed with bows and arrows, made their appearance, and lighted up for one of our brethren of the wilderness. About 8 o'clock the king and suite, preceded by music, entered the garden, and, without discovering any symptoms of surprise, walked down through the midst of gazing multitudes, and ascended the stage. The king's deportment was majestic and easy; he was dressed in a laced blue coat, and corresponding under vestments, wore a cocked hat, and had a handsome sword by his side. Several of his chiefs, in full regalia, dressed in blue jackets with red caps; the other parts of their dress were rather outré . But it was the singular and savage appearance of the other Indians, naked and painted patrici mors , that excited principal attention. They were eight or nine in number. Excepting a piece of cloth, fastened round the waist, in which their tomahawks were stuck, they were all in a state of nudity; their bodies, arms, and faces, were painted red—streaks of white were drawn on the cheeks and other places—polished bones, pieces of various metals, beads, and other trinkets depending from their ears—the head, excepting a tuft of hair on the crown, in which a feather was stuck, was entirely bare. The totu  ofabule of these men was savage and ferocious. Upon mounting the stage, these aborigines squatted down on one side, and sat for some time in a listless attitude, the king and chiefs, with the interpreter, occasionally conversing. At length the drum used by these people, which we could not see so as to describe, was struck, and they commenced their song in a low tone. By degrees the drum became louder, and the song of the warriors arose.—The air was very simple, and sung in exact time to the drum—the head, and hands, and feet, generally moving in unison. The drum next beat a kind of roll, on which a squall more ludicrous than terrific, was emitted. This over, the music continued, and one of the savages slowly rising from his seat, commenced a series of movements in accord with the beat of the drum. These at first gentle gradually became more rapid, and were at last very violent. The roll and squall were repeated, and the dancer again squatted. Another, and soon after a third arose, and performed as before, with perhaps more violent gesticulation. After various repetitions of the dance, accompanied with varied movements, all the Indians arose, and exhibited a scene of frantic appearance, dancing, or rather jumping, and expressing their emotions in wild and frightful gestures. Having finished the song and the dance, they squatted down as at first. The king and suite were then asked to drink, and on this occasion the former manifested a mark of civilization which we scarcely expected; he took off his hat and made a deliberate and even graceful bow to the surrounding spectators. The pipe of peace concluded the ceremony.
The general impression which the scene left on our minds was that of pity for our fellow creatures, ignorant of civilized life, ignorant of themselves viewed as rational and moral beings, ignorant of the end of their creation and their future destiny, and strangers to those principles and sentiments which enable our nature and elevate us to a near relation with the Supreme Being. When we look on the numberless countenances around beaming with intelligence, and mild as humanity, and then fixed our eyes on the vacant stare and rathless visage of these men, the contrast seemed complete; gratitude to heaven arose in our breasts, that we were not roaming the desert, the companion of Otagos, ignorant as the deer they chase, and cruel as the beasts of prey.—N. Y. Daily Adv.
Yesterday (August 15) the chiefs of the Otago Tribe left this city for Philadelphia, whence they proceeded to their native country via Pittsburg.—Ibid.
ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND: SATURDAY, AUGUST 25, 1804.
ON BANKS.
NO. V.—CONCLUDED.
In the preceding part of this essay, it was observed, that there were three great operations by which the banking system might appear competent to promote the agricultural interest. It was shown that the first of these methods was really impracticable, which proposes to establish a bank upon the basis of land, and subject that land to sale after the expiration of a certain period, for the payment of its notes. The principle seemed sufficiently clear, that land could not serve as the basis of such an establishment, and that no bank could really be well established, which was not bottomed upon an adequate capital in actual specie.—It was shown that in this country at least, the second method was extremely dangerous, which proposes to advance a capital to the farmer, upon the mortgage of his land, or upon the faith of his future crops. A second principle appeared equally clear, that "in such a country as ours, it could scarcely be the interest of the bank to lend its notes upon any other security than private notes, or upon bills of exchange guaranteed by proper endorsers, or upon some other deposit which is equally certain in its value, and convertible into money at equally short periods." Whether it is not in the power of the bank to contribute to the farming interest by a process of this kind? was the third enquiry, which was proposed for our consideration.
A simple case will be sufficient to illustrate the nature and utility of this operation. A farmer possesses not only land, but the produce of that land. His granaries and his barns are filled with the richest treasures of the earth; with corn wheat or tobacco. There is no demand for them in the market at this particular period; but the period is not far distant, when the demand will rise, and the value of his commodities will increase. Meanwhile his necessities or his convenience require the possession of a certain sum of money. His annual taxes are to be paid; or the sheriff waits upon him with an execution, which he can neither discharge nor evade.—This is a simple, but certainly it is not a singular case. No great depth of logic, or extension of experience is wanting to convince us that there are many farmers, whose contracts to pay their debts are regulated by the period when their crops may be expected to come in, and whose crops generally meet with the very worst market, when they are first collected. So that they have sometimes the greatest demand for money, at the very period when their crops will command the lowest price. Is it not in the power of the bank to relieve them from this embarrassment? and by advancing to them a certain sum of money, sufficient to supply their immediate necessities, to allow them a longer time for seeking out other purchasers, or waiting until a more favourable market is opened for their commodities? As it is not to be supposed that the bank will do any thing contrary to its own interest, the only enquiry in fact ought to have been whether there is any consequence to be expected from this operation, which is not auspicious to the most mercenary views of a bank. That there is not, under certain conditions, may be clearly deduced from the principle which has been already designated. It is the interest of a bank to lend its money upon the faith of well endorsed notes and bills of exchange, or of some other deposit equally certain in its value, and convertible into money at equally short periods. The characteristic properties of this deposit must be, that it should be imperishable orunalterable in its nature, at least during the proper period in which it must remain in the care of the bank, and that it should always have such a value in the market, as that it may be easily convertible into money at a certain moderate rate of valuation; and in as short a time as that which is generally allowed for the payment of a private note or a bill of exchange. Has the farmer no such deposits as these to make? Has he no commodity in his granaries or his barns, whose nature is unchangeable; & whose prices always equal to a certain rate of valuation? This question can only be answered, in our own state, by examining the list of our commercial commodities. Here we meet with corn, cotton, flour, tobacco, &c. This last particular, is characterised by these properties; and it enjoys still further the great advantage, that it is put under the guarantee of the laws, & is made to circulate or fix itself in the market by means of a legalised piece of paper, which is made to represent it. And now then let me ask, whether a tobacco-note is not a sufficient security to a bank for the repayment of the money which it lends out? I would enquire whether they are not as safe and satisfactory a deposit, as any bill of exchange, or any private note? I know that the merchants, who are generally best acquainted with the theory of a bank, and most interested in the management of its concerns, will be opposed to this arrangement. I know that it is their pecuniary interest. Their fortunes cannot be so successfully promoted, as when they have the farmers completely in their power. They will to become their only bankers. The truth has not escaped them, that should the farmers have any other resources to supply their immediate demands, they themselves cannot seize the opportunity of profiting by their necessities. It is not to be expected, therefore, that they will eagerly promote this arrangement; and yet it is difficult to conceive by what plausible arguments they will support their opposition. They will not certainly venture to assert, that a tobacco-note, taken at a very moderate estimate, is not as satisfactory a security as any of their own notes. A tobacco note is the almost infallible representative of a certain quantity of valuable tobacco. It may be seen and touched. It is not here to-day and gone to-morrow. It is not like the merchants' fortunes, uncertain in its existence, and evanescent in its duration. The property of a merchant is sometimes the mere creature of opinion. It exists no where but in the imagination of those who have made a false estimate of their wealth. And even they themselves are frequently deceived in the calculation of their own fortune. But even supposing that no merchant leaves his note in the bank, who has not sufficient resources at the time to take it up, when the day of payment comes round; Is it not supposed that he will always have sufficient integrity to comply with his engagements? Is there no such thing as shielding himself behind the protection of the very laws themselves? Let it be particularly recollected, that in Virginia, lands are not liable to execution for the payment of debts. And even supposing that the merchant contracts this debt with an honourable intention, is he at all ways certain of possessing sufficient resources to redeem it? During the interval of 60 days how many casualties may happen to blight his prospects! Bankruptcies may annihilate his equitable claims. The ocean may swallow up his richly freighted vessels. Are not tobacco notes, therefore, as safe and valuable deposits as private notes or bills of exchange can possibly be? What more satisfactory security then can the banks require, provided they receive no more of them than what they may be able to convert into money at any time without any loss; and provided they always receive them at a very moderate estimate? Have we not therefore discovered one method, by which the banks may be enabled, directly, to contribute to the interests of the farmer? The benefits, which he indirectly receives from the increase of mercantile capital and mercantile competition by the establishment of a bank, are too apparent to escape the most ordinary mind.
The reader is invited to peruse an Essay which appeared in Mr. Davis's Virginia Gazette of July 4th 1804. We may entitle it the first number of the 3d series of Candidus. It suggests several valuable reflections on this part of the subject. Is no part of the produce of the earth except tobacco, recommended by the same advantages?
MANUFACTURERS & MERCHANTS.—This division of the subject, would certainly furnish an active and experienced mind with abundant sources of useful enquiry. Such an examination might be made to embrace all the changes which are likely to be produced in the trade and manufactures of Virginia. In what time and in what degree our carrying trade, now conducted by the merchants of the north, is likely to become a direct foreign trade of consumpti- on, carried on by our own capital, would be one of the subjects worthy of great consideration. It might also deserve to be considered how far the increase and cheapness of capital, (if I may use the expression) may counterbalance the increasing value of the raw materials and the low price of foreign goods, in the establishment of manufactures. But these interesting themes I must leave to the examination of some more experienced and enterprising mind. It is sufficient for me to have explained, as far as my capacity would extend, the general theory of a bank—to have examined some of the objections which have been urged against such institutions; and to have stated the direct advantages which they are capable of affording to the ruling interests of our country; the interest of the cultivators of the earth.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
THE BANK.
The object of the stockholders in subscribing the capital of the Bank of Virginia was the hope of getting a greater profit on their money than could otherwise be obtained. This they had a right to expect from the proceeds of discounts authorized to be made to treble the amount of the cash actually deposited in the Bank. It is, therefore, the interest of the stockholders, and the indispensable duty of the Directors at all times to grant discounts to the full amount authorized by law, provided satisfactory paper is offered for the same: but on no occasion to exceed the amount limited by law. Nevertheless it is affirmed that no injury can accrue to the bank from discounts, the amount being what it may, provided care is taken to accept none but good paper. These pledges will at all times secure the bank from harm. Before I proceed farther, it is necessary to premise the impracticability of any designs being carried into effect against the bank. In the first place the bank will possess a general and unquestionable credit. Its notes will be preferred to the paper of any other bank, on account of the risk in getting counterfeits from them, and to specie, in part, for the time reason, and the great convenience of being more portable. The great utility of the bank in general will add to the stockholders a number of substantial friends, in addition to a common interest for its prosperity, possessed by each individual of the state, which will ensure a numerous patronage and make the number of its enemies few. The capital deposited in gold and silver is also large. It will, therefore, be idle in any individual or combination of individuals to spend a figment thought in a scheme to arrest the notes and other credits of the bank, in order to make a ruin upon it, and it would be too disgraceful and even hazardous in any corporate body to attempt it, which certainly places the bank beyond the reach of design or ambition. This point being settled, I shall assert that banks do not deal on their capital (or cash) at all, but on their credit, which is acquired by the known capital they possess; and this credit they pass to individuals for value received in good endorsed paper, together with six per cent. thereon as a discount. This paper will be punctually paid when due, and will enable the bank to answer every call that can possibly be made on it without ever touching a single dollar of their capital except so much as may be necessary for change when a less sum than five dollars are wanted, that being the least pecuniary of credit that they will circulate. Indeed there are but two pre-requisites necessary in themselves to give banks unlimited credit, to wit: honest and faithful officers, possessed of skill and ability sufficient to guard against fraud and imposition. The ideas, therefore, suggested by some of the Directors of the Bank of Virginia, of the inappropriateness of granting discounts before the bank subscriptions are paid up, left the stockholders should be enabled thereby to pay up the balance of their subscriptions in bank notes instead of specie is both pernicious and chimeraical, which will be further shown by the following statement, viz.
The stockholders of the Bank of Virginia have paid up the first installment amounting to Dols. 500,000. The state has subscribed her quota in full 300,000 more. And on these two sums the bank goes into operation; upon which capital the directors are authorized to grant discounts within the first sixty days (if called for) to the amount of 1,900,000. Which debt will stand on good and substantial endorsed notes, that will be punctually paid when due, from which have been discounted as the profits of the bank 13,000 dollars. At the end of 60 days after the bank goes into operation the second installment will be paid in by the stockholders 300,000. These debts together with the cash in the vaults, amounts to Dols. 2,400,000 to the sum of
On these proceedings sundry merchants &c. will stand creditors on the books of the bank, and bank notes issued to the amount of 1,782,000
The above credits of 1,782,000 Dols. subtracted from the 2,400,000 Dols. 618,000
Thus it is shown by these operations that so far from the stockholders and other debtors of the bank having it in their power to encroach on the specie capital of the bank, that they have bound themselves to add thereto the sum of 18,000 Dols. in specie, it being totally out of their power to pay in any thing else. Hence the position laid down is fairly established, and it is proven to be totally immaterial through whose hands the specie is paid into the bank, whether directly from the stockholders themselves or indirectly through the hands of the merchants, the regular & proper channel pointed out by commerce, the result in either case is the same.
A STOCKHOLDER.
Several facts appear in this day's paper, which confirm the disagreeable intelligence of several of our trading vessels being captured off Sandy Hook by the British ship of war, the Leander, and sent to Halifax for adjudication. This insult can have been offered to our flag under no other plausible pretext, than that these vessels have come from French ports, & are suspected of having enemy's property on board. As all the articles of the British treaty have expired, except the 15th, and as neither of these pretends to regulate the intercourse between the two countries should either of them be involved in a war, we can only examine the justice of this pretext by referring to the common laws of nations. Here we meet with various shades of cases, to which the public codes of different nations have given different decisions. Has a British ship of war a right to search an American vessel on the high seas convened by a national armed vessel? This is one case in which the British courts have not always pursued a consistent conduct; sometimes giving up & sometimes refusing to relinquish the privilege. Has a British ship of war a right to examine and send into their own ports for adjudication, an American vessel falling on the high seas and unprotected by a national vessel? This is a right which they have always claimed, and which the 17th article of Mr. Jay's Treaty gave up to them. Have they a right to take one of our vessels placed within the jurisdiction of the United States, and send it to one of their own ports for adjudication? This is a right which no nation can claim, and which no independent nation can resign. How far then does the jurisdiction of the United States extend? Most of the modern writers on the law of nations, place it within a marine league of their shore; and a late decision of Sir W. Scott, of the High Admiralty Court of England, has applied the same jurisdictional limit to Prussia. Most of the captures, however, made by the Leander have taken place within less than a marine league of Sandy Hook, the farthest point that projects into the sea. This conduct, therefore, is a palpable violation of our most sacred national rights.
Capt. Lathrop, arrived at Boston, from Antwerp mentions a report which had spread there just previous to his sailing, (June 23.) that the populace of Paris had assembled, demanded the release of Moreau, and discovered other symptoms of disloyalty to the new Emperor.
From Dutch papers.
GENOA, May 25.
It is probable that a peace, under the mediation of the English Consul, will shortly be effected between the American States and the Barbary of Tripoli; as the only remaining object in dispute seems to be the extent of the tribute which the Americans are to pay the Barbary powers.
DIED—On Wednesday the 23d instant, generally beloved and respected, Mrs. ESTHER COHEN, in the sixtieth year of her age; the wife of Mr. Jacob I. Cohen, of this city.
The 3d NO. of the RAINBOW has been delayed by the indisposition of the gentleman, into whose hands it was committed.
PUBLIC NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, THAT the Common Hall of the City of Richmond, will at their next monthly meeting proceed to recommend to the Court of Hustings for the said City, one fit and proper person to be appointed a CONSTABLE of the said City, in the room of Leighton Wood, who has resigned.
ANDREW STEVENSON, C. C. H. Aug. 92.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Description of the River Mississippi, and its Delta, with that of the adjacent parts of Louisiana. By William Dunbar, of the Natchez, communicated by the Author, a Member of the Society; through the President.
[CONTINUED.]
ERRATUM.—This part of the description should have preceded that which appeared in the last paper.
The current being less, immediately to the right and left, than in front, of the mouth of the river, the deposition and accumulation of matter will consequently proceed more rapidly on either side, and the velocity of the current being increased by the contraction of the channel, the bar will be protruded further into the ocean; hence it appears why the mouths of all alluvial rivers terminate in promontory projecting more or less into the ocean; this last mentioned operation of nature points out the method of improving the navigation of the entrance of the Mississippi, which may be effected at no very considerable expense by carrying out a pier on each side of the principal branch, composed of piles, so far as may be found sufficient to procure the desired depth; the bar will thereby be thrown into deeper water, and in process of time will accumulate and ascend to its former height, which will demand a new promulgation of the piers. Every small rivulet passing through lower Louisiana is a miniature of the Mississippi; what may be performed upon a small scale in respect to the latter, will certainly succeed (by well directed efforts) on the former. The river St. John's, 60 or 80 feet wide, entering Lake Pontchartrain to the north of New Orleans, was found frequently so choked up and impeded by a bar across its mouth, that canoes could for sometimes with difficulty enter; sloops and bateaux being obliged at such times to remain in the lake exposed to danger—the government directed two very simple piers, each composed of a double row of round rough piles, to be carried from the shore across the bar, and although the piers were previous to the water, yet no more velocity was acquired, that the bar was very speedily swept off, and the river has always since remained navigable for small sloops and Schooners, which proceed up to the city by the river and canal of Carondelet.
The depth of the river diminishes considerably as we advance upwards; probably owing to the increased tenacity of the matter forming its bed; at Natchez, when the waters are low, it is about 12 fathoms, and there are situations below the Ohio, where the ordinary boats have been embarrassed to find a passage both upwards and downwards; a moderate fresh water renders the Mississippi navigable up to the falls of St. Anthony, about two thousand miles from its mouth. The breadth of the river appears to be upon the increase upwards, in proportion as we get above the alluvial country, as high as the Missouri, notwithstanding the loss of a number of principal rivers which flow in below; in latitude 42°, it is said to be half a mile in breadth which probably equals its mean breadth from Yazoo to its mouth.
The margin of the river is the highest land to be found in the valley of the Mississippi. As the river overflows its banks, the waters immediately begin to deposit their grosser particles, which are chiefly sand and black mud, and in their progress backwards this deposition is continued until at length, a matter is deposited so highly levigated that, upon the retiring of the waters, it assumes a compactness and solidity resembling pitch; when the river by disruption alters its course, and new accumulations of slime, sand and mud are laid upon this very compact earth, a false belief might be induced that this solid soil is not the offspring of the river, but the original parent earth coeval with the Mississippi itself, upon which this great river had afterwards deposited the rich spoils of the northern regions, borne down by its mighty tide; this compact soil I have found at the depth of from 10 to 30 feet; and in other situations no appearance is to be seen of any other than the common soil formed of the mud of the river. The soil near the river is sandy particularly that which has been lately formed; from a quarter to half a mile from the margin of the river the land is less apparent, and it loses its name of 'terre ballonnée,' acquiring that of 'terre grasse,' being the richest black mud, with a moderate admixture of sand; a greater distance, and frequently at some depth under the last mentioned soils, is found the above-mentioned compact earth, called glatte (pottery earth); it is no doubt eminently adapted to the use of the potter, though hitherto not much applied to the manufacture of earthen ware. Upon all lands long subject to culture and defended from the inundation, although near to the margin, the appearance of sand, is almost lost, but it is evident from the friability of the soil, and the facility with which it is cultivated, that a large portion still remains intimately mixed, with it, whereas the terre grasse (unmixed or pure mud) yields with difficulty to the plough; it exhibits proofs of the richest mud, a light flour causing it to crumble into powder after being turned up; yet as our climate is exposed to sudden and violent falls of rain with subsequent hot sun-shine, it frequently becomes so firm and unyielding, after the crop has been planted, that no mode of cultivation can be conveniently applied, but barely by scratching the surface with the hoe; yet this becomes with the French indigo planters a favorite soil; although less productive, it is more easily kept clear of weeds, the compacted soil refusing a passage to their tender fibrous roots, while the vigorous taproot of the indigo plant conquers the obstinacy of the subjacent stratum.—From the river bank a natural glaze is formed, which delicately at New Orleans may be at the rate of 6 or 8 inches in 100 feet, to the distance of 5 or 700 toises, diminishing, after which the defunct becomes almost imperceptible, and is gradually lost in swamps, marshes and lakes, which finally communicate with the sea.
This peculiar structure of the lands formed by the operation of the great river itself, has pointed out to the ingenuity of man, a simple and natural mode of defending his plantation against the encroachments of the inundation: He commences by forming an embankment near the margin of the river, elevated above the highest waters and of sufficient strength to resist their pressure; he is now protected from the direct influx of the Mississippi, but the transudation from the rivers is to be considerable, that his plantation would be no better than a quagmire; he is therefore under the necessity of establishing a regular system of ditches crossing each other at right angles, by which the soil is completely drained and placed in the most favourable situation to display the wonders of its inexhaustible fertility. Within the Mississippi territory a vast body of alluvial land exists, but the scheme of draining by cross ditches would produce here no beneficial effect, because the waters would no means of escaping in the rear, but being hemmed in by the high bank, would at length accumulate so as to produce an immense basin, bordered by the embankment on one hand, and by the high bank on the other; Although no successful attempt is likely to be made in our day, yet policy will reclaim those lands: When the industry of a full population, shall have stamped an intrinsic value upon the soil of our country, the ingenuity of man will discover a remedy: probably the steam engine so highly improved of late years will be called in to accomplish this object. Its application in Holland to the draining of the Haerlem meer, and even for the reduction of the Zuyder-Zee, which the late war, it appears, has indeed suspended, leaves it little doubt of its efficacy for a purpose of inferior magnitude. Lands susceptible of cultivation do not upon an average extend to three quarters of a mile from the river, although in some places they may reach to two miles; but in other situations do not exceed one quarter of a mile; there is no doubt but a scrupulous attention to the perfection of the embankments will every where augment the quantity of cultivable land; and we hazard nothing in predicting that at some future day, the productive surface of Lower Louisiana will be multiplied tenfold; a rich and enterprising population, conducted by a wise and patriotic government, will pierce, with navigable canals this alluvial country in all directions: Grand ditches will be provided to conduct to the ocean the superfluous waters which now drown, for three months of the year, nine tenths of the country; the whole surface of the land will then be reclaimed and become fit for the habitation of man; the rich
harvests will be collected from a soil of the most exuberant fertility, which perhaps no time can exhaust: Should however vegetation at length seem to advance with a sluggish pace, the planter has his remedy at hand, he may call in the aid of the elements; let the waters of a single inundation flow over his field, and it will receive a manure which 20 years cultivation cannot absorb. Refervoirs might be formed, as in ancient Egypt, to retain a portion that does not require such precaution; the season of the inundation furnishes less rain than at any other times, but it is so ordered by the course of nature, that about the same time the waters retire, refreshing showers fall almost daily throughout Lower Louisiana, which continues to invigorate the crops until the approach to the harvest season.
JERVASE THE PAINTER, AND CARTER THE SCULPTOR.
A very pleasing anecdote from the European Magazine. CARTER, the Statuary, or as he was then termed, the stone-cutter, when a very young man, had a shed near the Chapel in May-Fair, indeed I think upon the very spot where the fair was formerly celebrated. His business was then confined to what may literally be termed the lower branches of his profession, such as tomb-stones, gravestones, &c.; for it is well known, in the common way of architecture of those days, sculpture was very sparingly introduced.
On this spot and in this manner, Carter used to labour from day to day, from the rising until the setting of the sun. As he was one morning at work, he observed a gentleman rather in years, whom he had frequently seen pass by, and sometimes stop at his window enter his shop.
The gentleman asked him some questions respecting his business; and the sculptor, thinking he wished to employ him, displayed his small collection of models, and directed his attention to the works he had in hand. The gentleman, commending his industry, desired he might not hinder him; so after some apology, he began to chip his stone. His visitor staid a short time observing him, and then departed.
Probably Carter was disappointed at this termination of the visit; however, he went on with his work. In a day or two the stranger, at a very early hour, called upon him again. The sculptor scarcely lifted his eyes from the block, till a question from his guest, who asked, whether he was a married or single man? attracted his attention.
He replied that he was married to the best woman in the world.
The stranger smiled; "Have you any children?"
"One of the beautifullest infants that ever was seen."
Again the gentleman smiled, and continued; "you seem a most industrious young man."
"Industrious!" said Carter; "one had need be so in these times; you see I cannot even afford to keep a labourer constantly; I do almost every thing myself."
"Do you want any money?"
Carter stared: "Want money? Lord love me! yes! I believe I do."
"Would a hundred pounds be of service to you?"
"A hundred pounds!" said the astonished sculptor; "Lord love me! why it would be the making of me for ever."
"How so?"
"Ready money would enable me to purchase materials at a cheaper rate; to employ a journeyman; to extend my business; in fact it would make a man of me."
"Do you know Charles Street?" said the stranger.
"Lord love me! to be sure I do; it is but just by."
"You must breakfast with me to-morrow morning at nine o'clock."
"Who must I enquire for?"
"Mr. Jervase," replied the Gentleman.
"You want a job done?"
"Many," returned Jervase; "therefore be punctual."
"Ah!" said the sculptor, "there's no doubt of that."
Whatever Carter, who had little connection with artists, & therefore did not know him, thought of his visitor, is uncertain. He however, in expectation of employment took care to be punctual and found that he resided in a very elegant house. Jervase received him with the greatest pleasure and politeness; during the course of their breakfast, he said "Mr. Carter, I have for some time observed & marked you as a young man of considerable talents & unmerited industry driving, I fear rather against the stream. I am happy that providence has put it into my power to assist your efforts. Here is the hundred pounds that you seemed to think would be of service to you. But as I know the necessity there is for capital in your profession, I by no means intend to limit my assistance to this sum. I have numerous friends and connections and will recommend you; and as your business increases, shall always be ready to second your endeavours both with my purse and advice. It would be a vain effort to attempt to describe the astonishment and the gratitude of the sculptor to his friend, whom he regarded almost as a supernatural being. He took the hundred pounds; and Jervase had the satisfaction to find in a short time that his bread was not cast upon the water. Every thing succeeded with Carter, his business extended, and, I think he engaged in some of the new erections in May-Fair and its vicinity. Thus, by his ingenuity and industry, he realized what in those days was termed a large fortune.
A dissonance has taken place in the Charleston papers, on the utility of gun boats in protecting our trade. The following account of a gun boat lately constructed in England by a Mr. James Moon, has been introduced by the friends of the measure, to illustrate the efficacy of this mode of defence.
Dover, September 12, 1803.
The right hon. William Pitt came into town yesterday about three o'clock, and embarked on board one of our great boats, named the Polecat, to make trial of a gun fitted up on the undermentioned construction. He sat full, accompanied by Col. Phipps, Capt. Ellington, Lieuts. Stowe and Greenford, and Mr. James Moon, who planned the fixing of the gun. After sailing off two or three times, the gun, which was an 18 pounder, was fired three times with round and twice with canister shot, and was found to answer very completely, being fired in several directions. The boat in which the gun is fitted is 65 feet long, and 13 wide, rigid lugger fashion, and the gun is fought on a moveable bed in the center of the boat on a circle, so that it can be pointed in any direction—a piece of the circle takes out forward, and also a piece abaft, so that, if more convenient, the gun can be made to run on its skid forward, or fought on the bow, or abaft, and fought at the stern; and as the great danger of heavy cannon in boats arises from their being top heavy, and liable to break loose with the motion of the boat when it blows hard, it is so contrived, that by means of two levers, one man can lower the gun down on the keel of the boat, where it serves for an additional ballast, and, if wanted for use, one man can raise it to its place for fighting (although its weight is 24 cwt); this boat manned by the Dover Sea Fencibles, under the command of Capt. Ellington, of the Royal Navy, attended by his lieutenants, Stowe and Greenford, Samuel Collet, Esq. James Moore, and two or three other private gentlemen, set sail, in company with one of our fast sailing pilot boats; and after they had found out the trim of the serviceable boat, it was found that she would sail, even on a wind, near three to the other boat's two, and that in coming back of the wind, the completely distanced the other boat; trial was then made of the gun, which was fired in different directions, nine times, and was found to answer beyond their most sanguine expectations—the recoil was so little, that the piece was fired three times before it was necessary to run the gun out, and it did not shake the circle on which it is fixed in the boat; three or four of such boats would be more than a match for the fastest privateer that ever came in these ports, and from their superior sailing, either in fine weather, when they can likewise be rowed with twenty-eight oars, or when it blows hard, must suppose her to have a great advantage over any of the heavy gun boats with which the enemy intended to invade
us, by taking such a situation as they could annoy the enemy, without being much annoyed themselves, especially when manned by seamen so much used to such craft. The public is indebted for this useful information to Mr. James Moon, harbour master here, who has spared no pains or expense to render it perfect. Fifty boats and vessels are to be fitted in a similar way immediately, and our brave tars burnt to fight themselves, and will, no doubt, should the enemy give them an opportunity, make them repent of their rash undertaking.
Can and will any of our readers shed any light upon the following subject?
We some years since attracted the attention of the public to a subject which we then deemed it important to investigate—the elucidated impression of the works of Dr. Franklin. No elucidation having been made, the subject has acquired additional consequence. From the silence with which the enquiries made have been treated, the suspicions then about have derived considerable confirmation. If they are well founded, the transaction to which they relate is of so criminal a hue as to require the severest investigation; and if they are untrue, it is of some importance to relieve innocent men from suspicion. We trust, therefore, that the new notice, now about to be taken, will draw forth information that shall guide the public in the information of a correct decision.
It was some years ago confidentially reported that Temple Franklin, the grandson of the Doctor, to whom was bequeathed his books and papers, repaired to London for the purpose of publishing his life and writings including several unpublished tracts. It is certain that Benjamin Eache, then residing in Philadelphia, repeatedly stated that a complete edition of the Doctor's works was compiling by Temple Franklin, with a view to publication at London to supply the European demand, and that a contemporary edition would be printed by him at Philadelphia to supply the demand in this country. This was at least seven years ago. About that time enquiries were often made when the work was to appear; to which it was answered that it might be looked for daily. From that day to this life of Franklin, or any of his performances unpublished while he lived, have appeared; nor has any reason been assigned by Temple Franklin for their non-appearance. It was also reported some years since that Mr. Dilly, an eminent London Bookseller, had bought the copyright of the Doctor's works from Temple Franklin for a large sum; on what terms was not stated; but, that instead of publishing them, he had afterwards disposed of them for a larger sum to the English ministry, who bought them with a view to their suppression, and that they have been accordingly suppressed.
In ascertaining the truth of this statement not only the friends of the character of Franklin, but likewise his country and the whole literary and political world are interested. If it be true, it manifests a turpitude that will be but inadequately punished by the severest reprobation.
No man enjoyed a wider field for acquiring correct political information respecting the American revolution than Dr. Franklin. He possessed the confidence of his own government, and likewise, in an unusual degree, that of the courts to which he was sent. No one, from natural penetration, and from the access which his great reputation gave him to the great, was more qualified to trace the secret springs of action. Hence the strong curiosity excited by the expected publication of his works! In France, the focus of information, he occupied the highest reputation, and was in the confidence of all descriptions of persons, enjoying equally the respect and society of the votary of pleasure and ambition. His share in the great events of this country is known to all, and it is likewise known that no man among us was better qualified, from the strength of his judgment, and a happy knowledge of men, to develop motives and impartially to record events.
We trust that those who possess the means of satisfying these enquiries will not deem it unimportant to give that information which alone can or ought to allay the national tenacity already excited.—National Intelligencer.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman, now travelling for the purpose of viewing the natural curiosities in the Western Parts of this State, to his friend in Petersburg, dated Lee Court-house, 26th July, 1804.
"I accomplished on Monday last the most laborious job I ever undertook: this was, the measuring the Natural Bridge in this county, the most sublime of nature's works. This bridge is 124 feet higher than the Natural Bridge in Rockbridge county; being 339 feet in perpendicular height, its summit projects 87 feet over its base, it fronts to the south-west, and is arched as regular as could be by the hand of art; the arch in front is about 200 feet high, and slopes off to 60 feet at the distance of 106 feet from the entrance—from its mouth in a straight direction measures 406 feet—thence at right angles 300 feet; thence crossing the second line at 80 feet from the wall to the other end 340 feet; the roof is regularly arched, and gradually descends to 18 feet, which is the lowest part at the intersection of the second angle; it then rises to 20, 30, 40, and 75 feet, which is the height of the north-east entrance. The stream of water which runs under this bridge is from 35—50, to 55 feet wide, at its common height. The head of this stream (Stock creek) is from three to four miles above the bridge, rising out of a knob or spur of Clinch Mountain, and empties itself three miles below into Clinch river—this creek is suddenly swelled by rains sometimes to 10 and 12 feet perpendicular, but is soon run out. There is a wagon road over the bridge, which is only used in time of freshest, and that is the only part that can be crossed—on approaching it to the south-west front, it produces the most pleasing, awful sensations; the front is a solid rock of limestone, the surface very smooth and regular, formed in a semi-circle, the rock of a bright yellow colour, which colour is heightened by the rays of the sun, the arch is partly obscured by a spur of the ridge which runs down to the edge of the creek in front of the arch. Across the creek stand several beautiful trees—the most elegant and luxuriant are a Cucumber Tree, teeming with fruit: the leaves are from 2 to 2 1/2 feet in length, and one foot in width—this, with two white cedars, and two white-walnut trees, adds very much to the beauty of the scene—to describe it, would be a vain attempt, and can only be done by the skillful limner."
"If the scene below creates such pleasing sensations, what must that from above be? It fills the mind with horror. From the level of the summit of the ridge where the road passes to the verge of the failure, the mountain descends about 45 degrees of an angle, and is from 45 to 50 feet perpendicular height—you involuntarily slide down feet foremost, holding on to every twig you pass, until you reach the verge, which is for 6 or 8 feet less deep; the rock is covered with a thick stratum of earth, which gives growth to many large trees; from this landing place to the verge is a descent of 9 feet, so deep that it cannot be approached near enough to look over—to the west of the arch about 400 yards, the ascent to the verge is much less level, where you may look into the abyss below. My guide was an old hunter who had for many years been accustomed to clambering over the steep mountains—on approaching the verge, the horror of the scene below intimidated him for a few moments, but he could presently walk along the verge with composure. This bridge may be passed by thousands, without a knowledge of it, undisturbed by the roaring of the water below."—Pet. Int.
Last Sunday some negro fellows killed a Bull Snake, within a few miles of this city, on the Savannah road; it measured seven feet, exclusive of the rattles, and was upwards of twelve inches in circumference; it was an Old Serpent, being twenty years of age. Mr. Chatfield, who has got the skin, intends making a present of it, we understand, to the University at Athens.
[Aug. Chron. August 4.]
The new coining of crown-pieces, from dollars, is now going on with all possible dispatch, at Mr. Bolton's mint, at Soho, near Birmingham. Within these few days two waggons, containing about seven tons of dollars each, were sent under proper escort from the bank to that place, where eight dies are employed at the same time, each of which will strike 66 in a minute, giving the impression on both sides at one stroke, and so simply constructed as to be worked by one man, without the smallest danger; the piece discharging itself from the die, another instantly slips into its place. His majesty's head and the reverse are done in a masterly style, forming a very beautiful coin, and will be extremely difficult to counterfeit.—[Lon. pap.]
M. Mojon, the Chemist, who discovered the well of oil in the state of Parma, and with which the town of Genoa is now lighted, has lately found in Liguria, at the distance of about 96 miles from the former, a depot of bituminous wood, of which M. Mojon gives the following very interesting account:
"Calle Nuovo is a country of Lunagains, on the confines of the Italian Republic. It is in the plain of that country, half a league from the mouth of the river Magra, that the mine in question has been found. It is situated in a soil formed of strata of clay and lime, more or less thick, and inclined in different directions thro' the whole extent. The nature of the soil, as well as the constitution of the soil, evidently shews that these strata were formed by great floods, and carried with them, and buried whole forests. The extent of this deposit has not yet been ascertained; hitherto only one pit, about 40 feet deep, has been dug, and the presence of the water prevents its being sunk lower."
"This bituminous wood, which in some places appears almost uncovered at the surface of the ground, still retains its primitive figure; trunks of different diameters up to two feet, have been dug up. The colour is black, greyish, or brown. The former sometimes has the splendour of glass; the others are naturally dull, but will receive a shining polish."
"Its texture is entirely that of wood, as it has not been altered by the bitumen, with which it is impregnated; so that in some places, the tree to which they belonged, may be determined; those which are quite black exhibit all the characters of fir; others have a texture similar to oak."
"It is not so brittle as coal; and when seen in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the trunks, exhibits a solid compact, and very smooth surface, and capable of being worked by a lathe to resemble ebony. The concentric strata of the fibres of which the trunk is composed, may be easily separated by introducing the point of any instrument. It readily kindles without the aid of any other combustible, and gives a burning, a lively brilliant flame. The heat it gives is more intense and durable than that of vegetable coal, and is greater than the heat of oak charcoal in the proportion of eight to seven, and when once kindled, never becomes extinct until entirely consumed, leaving very little ashes, (225 grains from 12 pounds). It is lighter than coal, and the fragments which exhibit the characters of oak are still lighter; its specific gravity is to that of distilled water as 1235 to 1000."
INTERESTING COMMUNICATION.
NEW RUDDER.
Invented by Capt. Mugford of the ship Ulysses of this port, in January last, on his passage to Marcellilles and to which we have given the name of "THE MUGFORD RUDDER" in honour of the inventor.
The Ulysses, under the command of Capt. William Mugford, and belonging to Mr. William Gray, jun. of this town, failed from Salem, early in January, bound to Marcellilles. On the 5th of January, Lat. 41, Long. 65 experienced a heavy gale of wind, and while running 8 and 9 knots, a large sea struck the stern of the ship, and carried away the rudder at the water's edge where the vessel immediately broached to. The main mast was sprung, and the hull lay exposed to every sea. In this unfortunate situation Capt. Mugford was reduced to the necessity of steering the ship with cables over the quarters for upwards of 20 days making however the belt of the way towards the Western Islands and Madeira. The weather during all the time was extremely boisterous, and the ship much exposed to the seas. It was during this interval that Capt. Mugford planned, and executed a rudder which he afterwards proceeded in securing in its proper place, at the stern of the ship. It is entirely of a new construction, and does the inventor the greatest honor. Merchants and seamen in particular, must be under great obligations to Capt. Mugford, for the invention and the United States will feel proud in having given birth to a citizen who has conceived a plan so useful and important to the commercial interest, and from which we may calculate that the lives of mariners may be rendered more secure, and the property of our merchants be less exposed while on the ocean.
The Ulysses returned to this port a few days since and several gentlemen having examined the rudder and a model and drawing of it, we are enabled to give the following description of this highly useful machine. The rudder has a false stern post attached to it, made from a spare topmast which is about 20 feet in length—The main part of the rudder is formed from a piece of the same topmast, and four studding sail booms secured together make the back part, the whole being lashed with small ropes, and fixed in a proper manner with bolts, and banded on the sides with boards. The rudder is 14 feet in length, and 4 feet wide. It has 8 or 10 eye bolts, and there is an equal number on the false stern post, through which pieces of iron crow-bars properly placed, attached and secured the rudder to the false stern post, in the same manner that pintals, gudgeons, and braces secure common rudders to a ship's stern post. The old iron tiller of the ship, about 6 feet long, passes through the body of the rudder, near the upper part, and from which on each side, ropes were passed over the quarters of the ship, to a top-mast, running out near the mizen chains and having a single block at the end, the proper tiller ropes were rove through them, and the ship then steered in the usual manner with the wheel. There are several large brass fastened to the false stern post, from which hawsers were passed on each side of the vessel, in order to secure it in its proper station, upon the old stern post. The old gudgeons still remaining on the stern post, it was necessary to cut mortises into the false one to receive them and these were found of very essential service in keeping the whole machine firmly fixed in the assigned situation: On the 3rd of February the whole was prepared and the weather being then favourable, the new rudder was hoisted over the stern of the ship with a 4 pound cannon to link it to the proper depth, and the false stern post being entered into the rudder case the quarter ropes being hauled tight, and a few bolts passed through it from the head of the old stern post it was thus secured and found to answer perfectly well and the ship steered her course without any difficulty. They were then in lat. 34, and long. 45. The passage to Marcellilles was now performed in the safest manner. When they arrived in Marcellilles the new rudder excited considerable attention. The French took drawings of it, and all the Captains in port took care to furnish themselves with complete models of it. Most unquestionably as it relates to ships, it is the most useful invention of the age. The plan is very simple,
and therefore the more easily followed now it is found out. Every ship is provided with materials to make such a rudder—gun carriages furnished the proper eye bolts, and the spare spars on deck, chiefly the other materials—Heretofore Seamen have always found it impossible to secure the new rudder to the old stern post. The present plan avails of this difficulty. A new false stern post is invented, and the new rudder is properly fixed to it before it leaves the ship's stern, and thus the great objection to fixing rudders at sea is removed. Capt. Mugford, certainly deserves the highest encomium for this invention, and we trust that a grateful country will acknowledge, that to him we are indebted for a discovery affording new security to the lives of men and their property, when exposed to the dangers of a stormy and tempestuous ocean. To sum up it will be almost unnecessary to add that the plan was withdrawn from the rudder after it was placed in its proper birth, and taken on board the ship again.—Salem Register.
We learn that Mr. Cooper, and Mr. Priestley of Northumberland in Pennsylvania, are engaged in writing the biography of Dr. Priestley. Among the papers left by the Doctor is an account of his own life for a number of years, as well as we recollected, about seventeen. This is likely to be a precious literary relic. From the unaffected modesty which invariably characterised the doctor, and from the ingenuousness of his mind and his ardent love of truth, we may expect a faithful record of his thoughts. Among the most agreeable legacies of this nature left by eminent literary characters, our readers will recollect the interesting narratives of Franklin, Hume and Gibbon. The plain and unadorned statements they have made, have given us a more correct insight into their characters, and have more successfully contributed to shed their fame from unjust aspersion, than all the eulogiums pronounced by their admirers. We may be permitted to indulge the hope that the artless narratives of a Priestly, who united to the consciousness of talent felt by a great mind the simplicity inspired by true genius, will form the best monument to the purity of his motives, and to the beneficence of a spirit actively occupied through a long life in the service of his fellow men.—[Nat. Int.]
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
Parted from the parent main, Glides the wave in varying maze, Aids the river's swelling train, Or in the mossy fountain plays.
Down the hill, in flow meanders, Many a lonely region o'er, Ever plaining as it wanders, Murmurs to its native shore.
EUGENIUS.
A REFLEXION AT SEA.
By Mr. Moore.
See how beneath the Moon beam's smile, Yon little billow heaves its breast, And foams and sparkles for a while, And murmuring then subsides to rest.
Thus man, the sport of bliss and care, Rises on Time's eventful sea, And having toiled a moment there, He melts into Eternity.
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY COURT.
BALL vs. JETT's heirs & representatives. } Chancery.
BY virtue of a Decree of the Court in this suit, IT WILL BE SOLD, on the 1st of October next, if fair, if not, the next fair day, at the late dwelling house of Mrs. Elizabeth Jett, dec. to the highest bidder, for ready money, the three following TRACTS or PARCELS of LAND, (or so much thereof as may be sufficient to raise the sum of two thousand dollars with interest and costs of suit)—to wit, a tract devised to Capt. William Ball by his father, containing by estimation 376 acres, be the same more or less; out of this tract will be excepted an old Mill, with the and thereto adjacent and appertaining. The tract on which the said Jett resided at the time of her death, containing 40 acres, more or less. And one other tract formerly part of the estate of Max'n Haynie, dec. containing 20 acres, more or less.
These tracts lie contiguous to each other, and have been used as one farm; they are situate near the Potowmac, about two miles below the courthouse on the main road leading to Fairfields Church, and about the same distance from Coan Warehouses.
The quality of this land is not inferior to any in its neighbourhood, and nearly two-thirds of it is well timbered. Its situation affords an abundance of excellent fish, oysters, &c. The dwelling and out houses are suitable for the accommodation of a small family. Mr. Samuel Harding, living near the premises, will shew them to any person wishing to purchase.
THOMAS D. DOWNING, } Commissioners. RICHARD EDWARDS, HEROME L. OPIE, PETER C. RICE.
July 28. ep—5w
Mediterranean Passports.
NOTICE is hereby given, that it has been deemed expedient to change the form of the Mediterranean passport issued to vessels of the United States; that from the 8th day of July next, those of the new form will be issued at the custom houses to every vessel, for which application may be made on a compliance with the terms prescribed by law and surrendering the former passport of which the may be possessed, if any, in which lattercase no fees will be required for the exchange: and that by an arrangement agreed upon by the Barbary powers with whom we are at peace, either the old or the new form of passport will be sufficient to protect the vessels of the United States, from capture until the 1st of July 1805, after which the old form of passport will be unavailable and the new one alone in use.
Department of State, } 23rd of May, 1804. } The printers of the laws of the United States are requested to insert the above in their Gazettes twice a week for the space of six months, and the Collectors of the customs to keep copies of it posted up in their offices. June, 2.
FOR SALE OR RENT.
THE subscriber wishes to sell or rent, the place he now resides at, situated on the main road leading from Richmond to Petersburg, containing two Lots; on said Lots, there are a good dwelling house, containing three rooms above and three below, a store house, a good kitchen and an excellent garden, and a well of good water