The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1808-07-22 00:00:00

G. Munro
The Enquirer.
Vol. 5.]
RICHMOND, FRIDAY, JULY 22, 1808.
[No. 24.]
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OF FORTY-FOUR THE POST-OFFICE, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
UNITED STATES' STOCK LOST!!! Notice is hereby given, That the following certificates of the United States' Stock, in the name of John Baird, bearing date 16 March 1791, have been lost or mislaid, and due application will be made at the Loan Office of the U. States for their renewal.
  Six per Cents No. 210 $711 33   Deferred 210 $355 67   Three per Cents 185 $211 03 
WILLIAM BAIRD, Exor
Of John Baird
July 19th.
WILL BE SOLD for Cash, on the premises near the town of Cairo, on Saturday the fifteenth day of August next, by virtue of a deed of trust executed to us by David Coupland, for the purposes in said deed mentioned; a certain tract or parcel of LAND, it being a part of the tract on which the said David now resides, one hundred and fifty acres, binding on the lines of Geo. Anderson and Charles Wheeler, Junr., beginning on Willis's, and running to the north of his house to his back line, to use the expression of said deed of trust, which will be found on record in Buckingham county.
SAMUEL ANDERSON, } Trustees.
JAMES WILSON, } July 19. cpdm
NOTICE —Will be Sold to the highest bidder, on Saturday the 30th inst. about 11 o'clock, at the late dwelling of Mark Vandewall, dec'd, adjoining the Union Tavern in this City, one Negro Man named Billey; also two likely Horses, one a good riding, the other a well broke Gigg Horse, &c. &c. Terms of sale, six months credit on all sums above twenty dollars; cash for all sums under twenty. Notes or bonds, with approved security, for all sums above.
All those indebted to said estate, are earnestly requested to make prompt payment; and those having claims against the same, are likewise requested to bring forward their claims authenticated as the law requires, to the end, that they may be discharged without delay.
DANIEL VAN-DE-WALL,
Administrator. ep4t
July 12.
SALES AT AUCTION—WILL BE SOLD at Public Auction, on Friday the 22d inst. at the dwelling house of the late Robert Means, dec'd. —1 Negro man—1 Horse, 1 Gig and Harness, 20 Hds. Lime, and 1 Kln of well burnt Bricks, with a variety of other articles belonging to the estate of the said Robert Means, dec'd. Six months credit will be allowed for all sums above fifty dollars, the purchasers to give approved endorsed notes, payable and negotiable in the bank of Virginia.
DANIEL CALL, Executor.
cpdm
July 15.
A COURT OF INQUIRY for the 1st Battalion will be held at the Bell Tavern in the city of Richmond, on the 25th inst. and for the 2d Battalion at the Washington Tavern, on the 26th inst. and a Regimental Court of Inquiry will be held at the Bell Tavern, on the 6th day of August next. These courts will commence at 5 o'clock, A. M. and adjourn at 4 o'clock, P. M. on each day, unless the business before them be sooner determined.
GEO. WM. SMITH,
Lieut. Col. 19th Regiment, 1808. 4t
July 15.
CASH given for WHEAT, by
WHITE & SHELTON. if
July 19.
ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS REWARD. The above reward of ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS will be paid for apprehending and securing in any jail within the United States, ARTHUR HOWE, a negro MUSTAPHA, commonly called Muss. Arthur Howe is a young man 19 or 20 years old, dark complexion, short yellowish hair and hazel eyes, his face is round, and his countenance ferocious and expressive of dark angry passions. He is remarkable for having a deformity in his back, which occasions him to walk nearly half bent, so that when he is in his most erect posture, he would scarcely measure 4 and a 1/2 or 5 feet high. His arms have much motion when he walks, are very long, and hang as low down as his knees. The above described young man stole or enticed off on Monday night the 11th inst. a negro fellow called Muss or MUSTAPHA, about 28 years old, of a darkish complexion, very long head, forehead, nose and chin more prominent than persons of his color generally have; his eyes are large, projecting, and of a reddish color, his mouth rather large, and his teeth yellow. In his general behavior he is polite and submissive; he is a complete body servant, and a handy fellow with some tools, or about horses. He carried off with him no clothes which are remarkable, except an olive drab coat of bearskin. The above fellow and horse went off on a single stick chair; a large bay horse, and have been traced in company about 18 miles from Edenton. It is conjectured that Arthur Howe will conduct Muss as far as Virginia, and may sell him several times on his journey; and Muss having many acquaintances in Norfolk, Petersburg and Richmond, may endeavor through their assistance to make his escape to the northward. Arthur Howe has relations near Wilmington, in this state, and near Nashville, in Tennessee; to one of which places he will probably endeavor to travel after parting with the aforesaid negro.
To the above reward will be added travelling expenses and reasonable wages for the delivery of the aforesaid Howe, and negro Muss, to me in this place, or fifty Dollars for either of them.
MATHIAS E. SAWYER.
Edenton, June 27. (July 5) [4w]
BANK NOTES, as below described, were put into the post office at this place on 27th May last, enclosed in a letter addressed to Messrs John Warler and Sons, Ph'lada, Pa., in which letter has never been received; it is therefore apprehended that the said notes may have fallen into improper hands; and should such appear in circulation, we earnestly request that they may be stopped. Any satisfactory information regarding them will be thankfully received, and if required, liberally rewarded.
BUCHANAN & POLLOK.
Petersburg, July 5. (if)
Bank of Virginia payable at their Office of Discount and Deposit Petersburg, to Robert Birchett President thereof or Bearer.
C. No. 232 9th February 1805, $ 100
C. 866 6th July, 100
D 133 7th February, 100
304 3th —, 100
730 6th May, 100
733 7th —, 100
703 — —, 100
$ 700
RICHMOND TURNPIKE COMPANY.
At a meeting of the directors of the Richmond Turnpike Company on Thursday evening the 7th of July, 1808—
Resolved, That all shares of delinquent stockholders in this company, be sold at the Swan Tavern in this city on Monday the 15th day of next month, at 5 o'clock, P. M. without reserve, and that the same be published in all the newspapers of this city.
Resolved, That a call of Five Dollars on each share of the stockholders in the company be made, to be paid to the treasurer on or before the 15th of next month.
Teste, N. SHEPPARD, Clk. July 12. epids
WILL BE SOLD for cash, in the town of Charlottesville, at the door of Triplett T. Estes, by virtue of a deed of trust entered by James Lewis &c. for purposes in said deed mentioned, on the second day of August next, being the 2d day of Albemarle August court:—One certain Tract or parcel of LAND, lying and being in the county of Albemarle, and adjoining the lands of John Bailey, John Butler, sen. Estell, Samuel Deadman, Thomas Garth, jun. &c. Supposed to contain Three Hundred Acres, be the same more or less. Also one other tract or parcel of Land, lying and being in said county, supposed to contain fifty acres, be the same more or less, being the tract or parcel of land sold by Benjamin Brown, trustee for Stephen Hughes and James Lewis, and purchased by said Lewis on the day of sale, as per deed said trustee now on record in the county court of Albemarle.
Also will be sold, same day and place, and on same terms, by virtue of a deed of trust entered into by John B. Ellis, &c. for the purposes in said deed mentioned—Two NEGRO SLAVES, viz. Ephraim, a man, and John, boy. Ephraim, said Ellis bought of Mattox, and John, of the widow Tiller. Also, one black Mare and Colt, one Sorrel Horse, and a Grey Mare. Also, eleven head of Cattle and two Feather Beds and Furniture, to use the expression of said deed of trust, which is on record in the county court of Albemarle.
Also, will be sold, same day and place, and on same terms, by virtue of a deed of trust, entered into by Bartlett Ellis, & Co. for the purposes in said deed mentioned, sundry NEGROES, viz: David, a negro man; Winston, a negro boy; Anderson, a negro boy; Elijah, a negro boy, and Amy, a negro woman, with her future increase. Also five Horses, four Feather Beds and Furniture, twenty head of Cattle, twenty head of Sheep Also, Household and Kitchen Furniture, as expressed in said deed of trust, which is on record in district court of Charlottesville.
Also, will be sold, same day and place, and on same terms, by virtue of a deed of trust entered into by Richard G. Martin, William G. Martin, &c. for purposes in said deed mentioned:—One Bay Mare with a blaze face; one Feather Bed & Furniture; also, sundry other Household and Kitchen Furniture; also, all that portion of the estate of Patrick Mechie, dec'd, it being one-seventh part of the estate of said Mechie, dec'd, which the said William G. Martin hath and claims right to, in consequence of his intermarriage with his wife Sarah, a daughter of said Mechie, dec'd.
Cor if more, the whole interest consisting of eleven Negroes, to wit: Peter, Moll, Jimsey, Milly, Harry, Lucy, Bob, George, Sarah, and two small Children, together with all increase which may accrue to the said Martin's portion of said property to use the expression of said deed which is on record in the district court of Charlottesville.
Being only interested as trustee for the benefit of others will only convey title to aforesaid property in me as trustee.
MARTIN DAWSON, Trustee. Milton, July 12. (3w)
ALL persons having claims against the estate of Captain Thomas Roane of the Forge, King & Queen county, are desired to make them known to me by the first of October next. Those indebted are hereby informed that the situation of the estate will not admit of indulgence.
LAURENCE MUSE, Adm'r. July 1. [cp6w]
TO RENT —The upper APARTMENTS in the House occupied by Messrs. Kirby, Drake & Taylor, possessing convenient accommodations for a family. Possession will be given immediately—apply to Kirby, Drake & Taylor, or to THOMAS NORVELL. June 13. [ff]
NOTICE —All persons indebted to the Estate of Marcus Elcan, deceased, are requested to make immediate payment, and creditors to present their claims without delay.
C. J. MACMURDO, } Exors. JOS. MARX, } Richmond, May 17, 1808. (tf)
VIRGINIA, TO WIT: At a court of Appeals held at the Capitol, in Richmond, the third day of June, 1808.
GENERAL RULE —After the end of the present term, all causes depending in this court shall be called in the order in which they stand upon the docket, and such as may be ready for hearing pursuant to the former rules of this court, shall, unless good cause be shown to the contrary, be heard in the same order in which they stand upon the docket, until the whole shall be gone through; and the causes which shall be passed over, shall, unless for some very special reason appearing to the court, be put at the end of the docket of each term.
Ordered, That the above rule be published in at least three of the newspapers printed in Richmond, once a week until the first day of October next.
A Copy. Teste, J. BROWN, c. c. June 14. [1s10]
FOR SALE —The subscriber offers at private sale all his Stock in Trade, consisting of Groceries, Glass, China and Liverpool Ware. As the advertiser is large, it will suit any person or persons willing to follow the trade with advantage—the terms will be liberal and the inventory may be seen; on the fourth of July next, and continue, if not previously sold, till the 1st of October.
Also, for sale, the lower Tenement of that large brick house in which Mrs. Harris has an interest during her life, and three valuable House Servants, who are sold for no fault but want of employment—For terms apply to AUBIN LAFORST. June 24. [cp1m]
GALLEGO, RICHARD & Co —Having no longer any concern in the COLUMBIAN MILLS, (commonly called Ross's Mills) inform their friends and the public in general that any WHEAT sent to them by water from the upper Country, will be received at their MILLS ON THE CANAL, and any Wheat sent to them by LAND will be received at a convenient Lumber-House contiguous to their counting-room.
Richmond, July 12. (cp2m)
EUROPE.
THE SPEECH
OF
HENRY BRUGHAM, ESQ.
Before the House of Commons, Friday, April 1, 1808, in support of the Petitions from London, Liverpool and Manchester, against the
ORDERS IN COUNCIL.
(CONTINUED.)
The evidence of Mr. Bell, whose distinct and full testimony must be in the recollection of this House, was very strong to the same points. I shall only refer to pages 32 and 35, in which Mr. Bell gives us two extracts from letters which he had received from his correspondents on the continent. On being asked if he had lately received letters from his correspondents in Holland, touching the execution of the commercial decrees in that country, he stated that he had received a letter from his friends in Rotterdam, dated the 7th of September, containing these words: "We are able to assure you that the late decree does not affect Americans that may have called in England, provided they have not loaded in port they came from." The decree here alluded to was subsequent to the first Dutch edict, and was issued for the purpose of effecting a more rigorous execution of it. He was asked, "Have you received any letter since from Holland?" To this he answered that he had one dated 22d of September, from the same house saying "We repeat, ships touching in England are received here as before." Subsequent even to this date 22d of October, only a fortnight before our orders in council, and concluded by saying, "Prices meantime seem at their level without some new difficulty or broil" meaning, as Mr. Bell said, "if nothing new had occurred." From this it is obvious that since the writer's last letter, being the one just now quoted, no new execution of these decrees had been attempted, otherwise prices could never have kept at their former level.
So far as to the evidence of Mr. Bell. I come next to call the attention of this committee to the testimony of Mr. Glennie. After mentioning a variety of cases, in which the merchants had been deceived in their expectations or belief of the execution of the French decree, by the temporary detention of neutral vessels, and afterwards been undeceived by the subsequent release of those vessels at first supposed to have been condemned, Mr. Glennie said that he knew of no one instance wherein the Berlin decree had been carried into execution upon neutral vessels in France. It appears that this gentleman had various correspondents in various parts of the continent, who wrote to him, not merely touching his own commercial concerns, but also upon matters in which he was indirectly or eventually interested. They gave him the political news of the day so far as they themselves were in possession of it; and so far as it bore upon the interests of trade. And notwithstanding this extensive correspondence, he never had received any one notice of a condemnation during the whole year, that had elapsed between the Berlin and the English decrees.
From Mr. Glennie's evidence then it appears, that there was no intention in France to execute those edicts; for this was a branch of them which she had in her power to enforce. The whole of Mr. Glennie's evidence upon this point is to be found in pages 28, 31, 32, 65 and 67, but more particularly in pages 68 and 69, where it will be found that he gives those pointed excerpts which I have before alluded to. A decree had been issued in Holland, closing the Dutch ports and laying an embargo on their own trade for the better carrying those measures into execution; a measure framed in some sort in the spirit of our own orders. In allusion to this decree, Mr. Glennie's correspondent says on the 26th of February, 1808, that "the sole object of this letter is to inform you that all vessels arrived since the promulgation of the decrees mentioned in our foregoing, are now released, and even several which have been for many months detained in Flushing, on their way to Antwerp, have also got permission to proceed thither and discharge their cargoes."
In page 68, there is another extract of a letter bearing still more directly on the point, and Mr. Glennie states that this information had been confirmed by letters dated on the 23th and 26th of February.
The whole of these witnesses, the House will remember, were not merely examined by me, but pretty fully cross-examined; and in regard to Mr. Glennie in particular, although it might have appeared at first that he was wavering from his original position, yet I defy any man to discover one single atom of contradiction to the broad general assertion with which he set out. He no less than four times in the course of his examination, read his extract from the letter which states that all the vessels arrived since the promulgation of the decrees had been released, and he rigidly adhered to his first interpretation of it, that it meant that many vessels which had been detained at Flushing, were allowed to proceed on their voyage previous to the orders in council, but long subsequent to the Berlin decree.
The evidence of Mr. Mullett and Mr. Mann strongly confirms that of Mr. Bell and Mr. Glennie, containing, with a few trifling alterations, merely a repetition of what had been formerly said upon the same point. The testimony of these gentlemen is to be found in pages 92 and 60.
It thus appears, sir, by the evidence of some of the most respectable brokers & merchants of this country, that the Berlin decree was so little executed, that vessels under American colours cleared out to ports of the enemy's country in spite of that, and all the other decrees. But there is other evidence of a less direct nature substantiating this important proposition. I should mention first as to the indirect evidence of the non-execution of the Berlin decree, that re-
mitances came over from the continent to merchants in this country, some of them members of this House, during the year after that decree, in the same manner, and in at least as great abundance as at any former period. Mr. Glennie said that he was accustomed to receive in former years half a million in remittances from the continent; and being asked, not by me, but in his cross-examination, if he had experienced a defalcation subsequent to that Berlin decree, answered distinctly, that on the contrary, he had never before received so much by a hundred thousand pounds as during the year after the Berlin decree was promulgated.
The other witnesses state the same thing. But I only refer to Mr. Glennie's details which will be found in pages 23 and 65.
Mr. Glennie also stated to you in detail the amount of the sums which he paid in different years for postage in the course of his extensive dealings as a merchant. In page 65, you have it in evidence that his whole postage account for the year 1805 amounted to 4551. In the year 1806 (being the year before the Berlin decree) it amounted to 3151. and in the year 1807, to 641. Now as the Berlin decree was supposed to put a stop to all neutral commerce between England and the continent, and as this gentleman's postage is chiefly created by receiving remittances for goods arriving in the hostile countries, it was to be expected in consequence of that Berlin decree being executed so rigorously as the defenders of our Orders contend, that Mr. Glennie's postage account would have suffered a serious defalcation. No such thing; on the contrary, in 1807, the year after this frightful and well-executed decree, he appears to have paid 641, being about one-fourth more than he had paid the year before it was issued, and double the increase of his account in any former years.
Those merchants, sir, act in some sort as bankers on account of American concerns, answering drafts made on them in favor of our manufacturers. When there is any interruption in the trade with the continent, of course Mr. Glennie and others scruple to honor those drafts on American account, unless they be safe in doing so by having funds in their own hands. It is therefore a test of the execution of the enemy's decrees to inquire, how these gentlemen answered the drafts subsequently presented to them.
Mr. Glennie states, that subsequent to the issuing of the Berlin decree, he continued to answer drafts on American account, although he had not the sums in his hands, trusting not as a speculative man, but with that sort of confidence belonging to a practical merchant; a confidence of whose practical nature he gave the best pledge by staking thousands of pounds daily upon it; trusting, I say, with this sort of confidence, that the Berlin decree was of no avail whatever, against our trade. Had it been otherwise, he would have altered his line of conduct in the same manner, as I shall show you he afterwards did when you issued your famous Orders in Council.
The only other symptom, with which I shall trouble you, of the non-execution of this Berlin decree, is derived from the criterion of insurance; and it is the more necessary to call your attention to this point, as in no one branch of the whole of the subject, eminent for deception and fallacy of statement, has more gross misrepresentation been resorted to, than on the question of insurance.
With a view to meet these daring mis-statements, I have been influenced in the construction of the evidence as to the rates of insurance. Mr. Martin, page 45; Mr. Mullett, page 91; Mr. Hirskey, page 72; and Mr. White, page 55, of the printed statement, show by their evidence that on neither branch of the trade aimed at in the Berlin decree, did any permanent rise take place in the rate of insurance. It will be sufficient for me, in order to correct the misrepresentations to which I have alluded, if I call your attention to the testimony of any one of these gentlemen. I may take at random the first that occurs. In page 45 of the printed evidence, the house will perceive that questions were put to Mr. Martin with a view to bring to a determination, this point respecting the rate of insurance. He was asked, whether, in his knowledge and in the course of his practice as a merchant, shipping to America and chartering and insuring vessels, he had found that the rate of insurance rose after the Berlin decree, upon voyages in American ships from this country to America and back again; and this question was put to him because it was said that a rise from two to three guineas, or one half, had taken place upon this voyage, as if the power of the French navy was so considerable in the Atlantic, that it could make a difference of fifty per cent. in the rate of insurance against French cruisers, employed in executing the Berlin decree; as if the bare promulgation of that decree had at once swept the sea clean of our ships, and given over into the enemy's hands, all the neutral trade that remained. Mr. Martin, as well as all the other witnesses, stated, that there is a rise every winter in consequence of sea risk, the summer rate being from two to two and a half, and that of the winter from three to three and a half per cent. But was there an additional or extraordinary rise in the year after the Berlin decree; in the year 1807? Mr. Martin says, that there was not; but that the premiums were much the same as in 1806, that is, the summer two & a half, and the winter three and sometimes four guineas premium.
The news of the Berlin decree reached Liverpool on the 11th December, 1806, and on the 13th of that month, Mr. Martin had occasion to effect an insurance on an American vessel; it was from America to Liverpool, and was done at three guineas per cent. Then had the Berlin decree raised the insurance? So far from it, the premium on the very same voyage, as appears from the evidence, was exactly the sum of three guineas per cent. in the year before. Upon being further questioned, whether any rise did at all take place, he says, some little rise was occasioned at first, after the knowledge of the Berlin decree came to Liverpool; but that was a temporary effect; thus he believed the premium would have been five guineas per cent. upon the same voyage outwards, but on the 15th of February the insurance
was effected upon the same vessels at three guineas per cent. being the common winter premium. The same fact is fully established not only by the evidence of Mr. Martin, but also by that of Mr. Shakespear Phillips, Mr. Alexander White, Mr. Henry Hinckley and all the other gentlemen who have been interrogated upon the subject. It appears that most men were alarmed at first; and while the meaning and probable consequences of the decree were unknown, a somewhat higher premium was demanded accordingly; but in less than a fortnight, nay, in a week's time, Mr. Phillips tells you, the premium tumbled down to its former rate of two or two and a half in summer and three or three and a half in winter; and therefore I conclude, that the statement is radically erroneous, however often repeated, and with whatever confidence pressed upon you, for the purpose of bearing out that most incredible of all propositions, that the fears or alarms excited by the name of the French navy in the Atlantic, in defiance of our own navy as well as that of the neutrals, made a difference, at once, of fifty per cent. upon the rate of insurance against its depredations. This is proved to be as radically false in point of fact, when these different rates of insurance are investigated, and the figures and dates appealed to, as it is monstrously absurd when looked at by itself, or attempted to be enforced by argument.
Now, sir, as to the other branch of the Berlin decree, which precludes vessels that have touched at a British port from entering a continental port, and condemns them when found any where with British manufactures or produce on board. The evidence here in so far as regards insurances, although not equally distinct, still tends clearly to substantiate my arguments, and to show that this branch of the decree was never enforced. I have no objection whatever, to admit that there is a very considerable difference between that branch which attempted to intercept the direct communication between this country and America, and that part which requires no navy to execute it, but may be carried into effect in the country subject to the enemy, by filling the ports with bodies of soldiers, and drawing a cordon round the coast. It was not, sir, to be expected that this threat should be as utterly incapable of execution as the other, had the enemy been so disposed; but I have only to refer to the evidence of Mr. Bell, Mr. Glennie, and others, to show you that the enemy were not inclined to enforce it. At least, it appears that whatever Bonaparte may have done in France, (although even then Mr. Glennie denies that he ever knew one instance of a condemnation) yet in the ports of Holland, to which our manufactures and our produce had been during many years past introduced to a great extent, for the supply of the continent, no steps were taken to enforce this decree. The evidence tends distinctly to prove, that its provisions were not enforced. The proof drawn from the state of insurance has evinced this, although, as I said before, the correspondence has not been so frequent, and we have not been able to produce so many sums, dates or transactions upon this point. The evidence from insurance, therefore, is not so much multiplied upon this branch of the decree as upon the former; but that, I conceive not to be of much importance, when it is considered that all the effects, as to remittances postage, acceptance of drafts, make out my proposition. Besides, that the insurances themselves, in so far as we have produced evidence thereupon by witnesses who have been examined, aye, sir, and cross-examined too, by the House, show that the proof here also sets in strongly in the same direction. This being the case, I am entitled here to dismiss the subject of the Berlin and other decrees with this one remark, that there is not only no evidence of those measures having been enforced, but every argument and fact against the power of the enemy to urge them in some respects, and in others to show that he had no desire to do so. The evidence of former decrees never having been executed, is entirely of the same sort, and our past experience affords every argument to show that they were incapable of execution. Our external enemies, I say, affords us evidence that neutrals will of themselves continue to evade these decrees as long as you yourselves facilitate that evasion. From the facts produced by the testimony of the witnesses who have been examined and cross-examined, a consistent statement is made out, that those navy decrees of the enemy have been nothing but as so much waste paper; in other words, that they are a repetition of the ancient, unprofitable and vain gasconade of the French government. It shows us that these decrees had not and could not have had any effect, but to evince to the world, that Bonaparte had some desires which he could not gratify—one scheme, at least, which he could not compass; and that with respect to this country, they were of no strength or avail whatever, until we ourselves lent our aid to them by our own vigorous measures.
I now come, sir, to the fatal part of the case set forth in the petitions now upon your table. I think I can prove, sir, that we ourselves, blinded and alarmed by the empty menaces of the enemy which we had often before experienced to be ineffectual, terrified by vain fears which we could no describe, and arguing from the very uncertainty of the darkness in which we were, that some evil was impending, we knew not what, countersigned all the decrees of the enemy; backed their futile threats with our real and solid orders; carried them triumphantly into execution by our all-powerful navy, and reduced the commerce of the country to that state, to that pitch of degradation, to which he, our inveterate enemy, had wished, but in vain wished, by those decrees to reduce it; & to which by no other earthly power but our own could he have succeeded in bringing it. Sir, I am now to call the attention of the house to the Orders in Council that have been lately issued by the present government, as they affect the foreign trade of this country; and I have to lament exceedingly upon the part of the petitioners, to whom the truth of the statement I am about to make is a matter of most serious concern indeed, that you are now to contemplate the very reverse of the picture which I have hitherto brought before you. You

have seen that attempts have frequently been made by the enemy to ruin our trade, but that they always proved abortive. You are now to exchange that for another prospect, and view the attacks made upon our commerce by our own force and by our own wisdom; that force, and that wisdom, which had in every former instance succeeded in frustrating all invasions of our country; repelling all attacks on our trade; turning the commerce of neutrals into channels the most beneficial to our interests; and converting to our own purposes the very bitterest decrees of the French themselves. You will find that in every quarter we have, by our Orders in Council, been crossing and striking in with the enemy's plans, and supplying those deficiencies in their orders, which they in vain attempted to make up. You will see too what the result has been; that the commerce of this once flourishing country is now brought down to a state lower than it ever was expected to reach even by the most gloomy prophets, in the worst times of our history.
If we now pursue that order which I before followed, and examine this point by the tests formerly applied to the execution of the Berlin decree, we shall first be led to the state of remittances from the continent. Let me here refer the house to the general testimony of all the witnesses engaged in the American trade, for a knowledge of the particular course of commerce, which we carry on with America by means of the continent. The manufactures of this country being bought up by the merchants, (in some few instances they are exported by the manufacturers themselves) are sent over to America, at two seasons in the year, in what are called by all the witnesses the spring and fall shipments . I shall not attend to the latter, but shall take the instances of the spring shipments, in order to elucidate this subject. The orders for these are begun to be received and executed pretty early in the month of November. In December and part of January, the transmission & preparation of the orders proceed, and before the end of the month of January, each year, the orders for the spring shipments may be said to be almost completed. Sometimes, indeed, they encroach a little upon the month of February, but substantially you may take it, as proved by all the witnesses, that the orders are wholly received before the middle of the month of January. The goods that are thus sent to America are chiefly manufactures peculiar to this country; for example, those of Manchester, which, indeed, are shipped by no set of men to a greater extent, than by the petitioners now at your bar. The payment of the goods thus sent over is made in a comparatively small proportion in American produce, chiefly cotton and tobacco, shipped directly from America to this country. This proportion amounts in general to about one part in three, which I will show if the house will favour me with its intention, when I state for one year the course of American trade with the British empire; for that will be a more satisfactory argument, and go a greater way in demonstrating the necessity of the continuance of such a trade, than if I were to attempt describing it in any other manner.
In 1804, according to the official accounts printed in America, by order of the house of congress, there were shipped from America to England, or I should rather say to the British dominions in Europe, American produce to the amount of nearly three millions sterling, viz. 2,971,462.1, reckoning dollars at the usual rate of 4s. 6d. sterling. From the same part of our dominions, there appear to have gone over to America, in that year, goods to the amount of 6,213,645.1. The exports from America to the British East Indies amounted in the same year to 29,300.1, and the imports to America from thence amounted to nearly one million sterling, being 979,483.1. The exports from the United States to the British settlements in North America amounted to 253,627.1, and the imports from the latter to 178,135.1. This balance, however, in favour of America on the trade with our northern colonies, is only an apparent one. The sums which I have read are taken from the duties on importation; and plaster of Paris, the chief article brought into the United States from our settlements, being absolutely necessary to the American farmer in the cultivation of his land, is not taxed, and of course, is omitted in the estimate. It amounts to greatly more than the rest of the imports from Canada, &c. and leaves the balance here, as in general, against America. The exports to the British West Indies, during the same year, amounted to 1,585,722.1 and the imports from thence in return were 1,066,516.1. On this head then there appears to be a balance to a considerable amount in favour of the U. States. But from this must be deducted the real balance on the New Brunswick trade, at whatever it may be estimated, and even admitting the full balance as now stated, of nearly half a million on the West Indian branch of the account, the whole trade between America and our dominions gives a large excess of imports from us, over what we take in return. For even on this view of the account, the total amount of the exports from America to the British empire, in the year 1804, will be 4,840,058.1, and the amount of the imports into the United States from the British empire, 8,437,934.1, being about double the former sum. This great balance is moreover rapidly increasing; for, by taking the average of the years 1802, '03, & 1804, we find that the excess of imports above exports was only three millions instead of four millions & a half, to which it has risen in 1804.
The accounts, sir, on the table of this House confirm these statements taken from the American official documents. I hold in my hand a paper ordered to be printed on the 15th of March, and giving the value of imports from the United States, and exports thither, for the years 1803, 1805, and 1807. It appears from this document, that in 1806, the imports from America to Great Britain amounted to 4,360,743.1 real value, and that the exports from Great Britain to the United States in the same year, amounted to 12,865,551.1. If it be asked why I do not take the statement in 1807, I have to mention that we in fact imported six millions and a half, during that year, but that two months of the operation of the Orders in Council fall to be computed in this calculation, and their operation raised the sum two millions above the preceding year. If, therefore, I were to take the year 1807, in order to calculate the average, or usual importation, I should be adopting a very unfair criterion of this importation, because it is an unnatural, forced sum. But even if we take the average of those three years I have mentioned, viz. 1803, 1805, and 1807, we find the exports to the United States of America amount to upwards of twelve millions sterling, and the average of imports to upwards of four millions
and a half; and as the disproportion is increasing, we may say in general, that this country now exports to America three times as much as she imports from thence.
Having gone through this essential part of the subject, sir, at much greater length than I could have wished, I have just to ask the House this one question, are you willing to continue exporting to America, twelve millions and a half of British produce and manufacture, or are you not? If you are, how are you to be paid for it? It is evident that you only receive four millions direct from America; therefore there are no less than eight millions wanting, and America, we all know, can only pay you by trading with the continent. If you wish to cut up that trade by the roots, you commit that old solecism of power, as my lord Bacon so well calls it; you wish to command the end, but you refuse to submit to the means. You desire to trade with the United States of America; but you desire, at the same time to lop off their trade with the enemy, as you call it, which is in other words lopping off the very commerce which you carry on with your enemy, in spite of the war, and in spite of himself, by which you were getting eight millions sterling each year; by which you were enabled to continue a trading nation. You are destroying the only means by which America can pay that enormous amount to you. She must have the opportunity, not only of taking your goods, but of exporting her own, in order to pay you. She must not only export her own goods, she must also re-export yours with them, in order that you may still send them to your enemy, notwithstanding the hostilities you are engaged in; notwithstanding the decrees he is threatening your trade with. So stands the matter in argument, or if you will in theory, and I now invite this House to say, whether it is possible for them to conceive any thing more precise and conclusive than the evidence which has been adduced at your bar, to show that this is also the matter of fact, from the actual history of our trade with America.
The witnesses most largely engaged in this commerce, told you repeatedly, (and it was so uniformly stated by each of them, in answer to the same question, that it is unnecessary for me to quote from the testimony of them all,) they all concurred in telling you that they received remittances in payment of goods sent to America, from merchants acting as bankers for Americans in this country. Besides this, we have called those bankers to your bar, and have asked them how they came to be possessed of their remittances. They have told you that they have two ways of receiving the funds drawn upon by our manufacturers; that they get part, and but a small part, in goods, directly from the United States, and another part, which is by far the greatest part, in remittances from Europe, by bills arising from the sale of American produce on the continent, made payable to manufacturers and exporters of manufactured goods here. Mr. Bell has stated these remittances as forming two parts in three of the whole account. Mr. Glennie has told you that they are ten times more than he receives in the direct way from America. And Mr. Mann states them as three parts in five. They have said, that with these funds they sometimes answer bills drawn in favor of the manufacturers in this country, and at other times balance accounts with the United States. And being asked whether they only accepted those bills in consequence of the remittances in their hands, they said, they freely accepted such bills, trusting to the continuance of the trade by which they had formerly received payment; and for the majority of their correspondents, they always accepted bills, whether they had goods already in their hands or not, when they knew consignments continued to be made as before to the continent.
Now, sir, apply to the English decrees, those tests—the amount of remittances and the willingness of merchants to accept bills, which you have already applied to the execution of the Berlin decree, and then tell me what you think is the effect of the Orders in Council upon our foreign trade. You will find the very contrary of that which might have been expected by the sanguine projectors of the new system. Applicable to this subject, you will find among others, the very distinct testimony of Mr. Glennie, in pages 24, 26 and 31. This gentleman told you as I formerly observed, that the year after the Berlin decree, so far from having received less from the continent on American account, he had received one-fifth more than in any former year. How much then did he receive since the Orders in Council? Compare the months January and February, 1807, with the same months in 1808, and this will be the test of the effect of the Orders in Council upon his trade. He answers, that in the months of January and February 1807, the amount of the remittances he received was about 103,000.1. In consequence of those boasted measures of wisdom and vigor which were to bring all the trade of America with the continent through your ports, one would suppose he should have received 200,000.1 in the same period of the subsequent year. No such thing. He received only 24,000.1! Does he expect even this pittance in the next two months? Far from it. He tells you this is the last he shall receive; it is the arrears or balance of the former accounts, and no new one can be opened. Such then is the effect of the Orders in Council upon Mr. Glennie's traffic; he receives instead of 103,000.1 the sum of 24,000.1, and in the next two months, he cannot receive a shilling. In every cross-question that was put to him, he not only adhered to the statement which he had made, but put it in a stronger and stronger light, if possible, as he proceeded. This plain fact, made out by his testimony, as well as that of all the other witnesses called to your bar, evinces to demonstration, that while the Orders in Council continue, you must continue to be cut off from receiving remittances, and that you are consequently with your own right hand, cutting off, by two-thirds, your vast traffic with America.
Having stated the substance of Mr. Glennie's evidence, it would be in vain to go through that of the other witnesses. It was proved that bills were refused on account of the want of remittances. The particulars of those bills, and the sums for which they were drawn, were stated at your bar. In this unprecedented state of things, an unheard-of practice appears to have crept into the course of commercial transactions. The statement of insolvency or no funds is the usual ground of protesting or refusing bills; but the reason in this case is, not that the drawers are insolvent; not that they have any fears of the insolvency of the drawers, for they had an entire confidence in the solvency of their correspondents, but that they had no funds in their hands, and expected to get none; & knowing well the cause of all this, they wrote down on the protest, that they could not accept these bills "because
"of the Orders in Council." If the house wish to see the evidence upon these points, they have only to consult that of Mr. Glennie, in pages 24, 26 and 31, and that of Mr. Bell, pages 34 and 39; and for the evidence respecting the refusal of bills, they have only to consult the evidence of Mr. Mullett, in page 92, that of Mr. Glennie, in page 26, and that of Mr. Oxley, in page 36. You will find by their testimony, that they all concur in stating the fact in stating the fact I have mentioned, that from the Orders in Council have risen the stoppage of remittances and the refusal of bills drawn upon the faith of them.
Now I may be allowed to allude, in this branch of the case, to the real and permanent variation that has, at length, taken place in the rate of insurance. It is now nothing extravagant, nor is it any misrepresentation, as it formerly was, to state that a great and steady rise has taken place in the premium. The witnesses, to whose evidence I formerly referred on this point, concur in stating that a permanent rise has now taken place in the rate of insurance from this country to America and back again, although not a considerable one: but that a great rise has taken place upon the insurance of neutral vessels bound from this country to the continent. Instead of doing it at six guineas, the premium demanded now is thirty five guineas; and it appears from the evidence of Mr. White, (an insurance-broker, largely concerned in trade to the continent—a smuggling trade of which his answers led us to believe that this witness knows a good deal more than he is willing to tell you) that he goes upon the change offering upwards of 35. per cent. to insure American vessels to Amsterdam, but that it cannot be done; in short, that this trade is as good as finished. The British clause has shared the same fate. That clause which formerly used to be valued at two or three guineas, by which an American was accustomed to be insured against the effects of British capture, costs now more than nineteen guineas; in short, no British clause can now be under-written. So different is an English naval decree from a French one in its execution and effects! It is only for the purpose of showing this wide difference that I mention the fact. The French decree has been foolishly and falsely said to have raised the rate of insurance from two to three guineas, while the English ones, it is evident, have actually raised it from two to nineteen guineas; and it is well known that at that rate nothing can be done. Although the trade to the continent continued to go on in spite of the enemy's decrees, yet it would appear that the English Orders in Council are not of so little avail; they have at once cut up by the roots, the whole commerce of the country; they will not permit American vessels to go direct to France, nor to other parts of the continent, for they have created a refusal to under-write the risque of such a voyage; and this proves that it is one and the same thing for us to issue and to enforce our edicts against our own trade, which France cannot reach a ton of by all her decrees.
Sir, I have shown that the trade between America and the Continent is quite as essential to this country as it is to America, inasmuch as we must lose two-thirds of our payments the moment it ceases. But I must now remark that it is impossible we should get even that third part of our payment which remains, if the Orders in Council and the measures arising out of them continue to be acted upon. Mr. Bell says, that as long as these Orders subsist, he may ship goods to America to the amount of the direct payment which comes over in American produce, but that this produce will be deprived of nine-tenths of its value; and therefore instead of continuing to trade to the amount of even one-third, we cannot trade to the amount of the thirtieth or the three hundredth part of what we formerly did; for, unless we choose to be paid in tobacco which will lose nearly all its value, or cotton which will lose its whole value, or any thing else of no earthly use or worth, we have no prospect of continuing, even to the sorry amount of one-third part, our former trade to America. Therefore, sir, I say, that in every point of view in which we can look at this new system of commercial regulation, we see but one effect, namely, that of ruining & cutting off, root & branch, the whole of our traffic with the United States of America, or in other words, I may say, the whole of our foreign trade.
(To be Continued.)
DOMESTIC. THE NATIONAL QUESTIONS, THE EMBARGO AND THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.
It is upon the ground of the embargo, that is, upon the base, mercenary selfishness of the nation, that the federalists rely, and by addressing the base passions, by base means, hope to accomplish base ends.
We are willing—and when the plural we is here used, it is not the metaphor of style, but the solid plural pronoun, the majority of the American people whom we speak for, as that majority we say, that on this ground the question is at issue—and let the result of the trial determine the question for ever—whether the American people are—
Worthy of Liberty and Independence?
OR,
Prefer baseness and Servitude?
These, then, are the questions now to be decided, and although Massachusetts, in her capital, has displayed her degeneracy & her disgrace—and though faction has poisoned the fountains of representative power—the people at large, of Massachusetts, are with the people in soul and sentiment in all parts of the union.
New-Hampshire will perform her duty. Rhode-Island, though divided upon local personalities, will rally round the national standard.
North-Carolina, which was supposed to have one doubtful vote, will be unanimous for the nomination of president in the accustomed mode.
Of South-Carolina—we give the following extract from the journals of the 29th June, as the best evidence of the republicanism of that respectable state.... Aurora .
[These resolutions were published in the last Enquirer.]
"Columbia, South-Carolina.
"June 29th, 1803.
"I take the advantage of this evening's mail, to send you the subjoined resolutions, this day adopted by both branches of the Legislature of this state, and which were unanimously agreed to. I have taken them from
See the extract of a letter in this day's Enquirer.
the minutes of the house in their official form. I think they will prove an excellent counterpart to those passed by the legislature of Massachusetts, and if ours can display or neutralize the venom in theirs, a good purpose will be answered.
With respect to the presidential election, I have never known the state so little divided; we are in fact all of one side, at the utmost, there are not more than twenty members in the legislature (which is composed of 160 including both houses) opposed to Mr. Madison, and although a new election is to take place in October next, there will not be any changes which can affect this question, for this candidate is equally the favorite out of the legislature as within it; I give it therefore as my opinion, backed by the opinions of the most influential men in our country, that Mr. Madison will obtain the unanimous vote of this state—the only weight which Mr. Clinton's name now carries with it here, even as a candidate for the vice presidency, is derived from the nomination of the so much decried caucus at Washington; no pains have been taken to counteract the claims of this gentleman, but so much dissatisfaction is felt, that any attempts were made against him, and a suitable candidate offered in his stead, he would infallibly lose the votes of this state—and whether a candidate in opposition to him is offered or not, if it should be well ascertained that he has, or his friends for him have coalesced with the federalists to help him to the presidency, this state will drop him; I have hopes that he will not do so, not that I think such a coalition would prevail; but because that so worthy a citizen should not lose that character, for consistency and firmness, he has till lately so well preserved—I should be sorry to think that among our old revolutionary characters, we had but one Jefferson, but one man now left, that could say to ambition, to personal aggrandizement, get ye behind me .
"I had, two days ago, a letter from Col. Troup, of Georgia, in which he states, confidently, that Madison will get the unanimous vote of Georgia—From other respectable sources of information, I am assured of the same thing, and believe it."
WASHINGTON CITY, July 16. At a meeting of the citizens of Washington, convened by public notice at the Council Chamber, on Thursday evening, the 14th of July, 1808, a numerous assemblage attending—
Dr. CORNELIUS CONINGHAM was called to the chair; and J. B. COLVIN appointed secretary. It was, on motion—
Resolved, That an injured Citizen has claim upon the consideration of every honest man in society; and that we have cause to believe Gen. Jas. Wilkinson has suffered persecution or his patriotic efforts in the service of his country.
Resolved, That a committee be appointed to frame an address to Gen. Wilkinson, to be signed and presented by the chairman, demonstrative of the sense this meeting entertains of his public services and their confidence in his integrity and patriotism.
A committee was accordingly appointed, and an address reported to the meeting; which being read and agreed to, the Chairman with four other persons was designated to wait on the General, present him with the same, receive his answer, and forthwith cause the address and reply, together with an account of the proceedings of the meeting, to be published in the newspapers.
Signed by order of the meeting. CORNELIUS CONINGHAM, Chairman. Attest, JOHN B. COLVIN, Secretary.
According to direction, the committee yesterday waited upon Gen. Wilkinson with the following Address, to which he returned the annexed answer:
Washington City, July 14, 1808.
Sir, It is the peculiar duty of a free and enlightened people, while they examine with the severest scrutiny the conduct of public men, and regard with a jealous suspicion every public character, to pay the tribute of their esteem to every confidential citizen who has falsified the dishonorable imputations cast upon his fame. Justice and candor require, that while they punish with their censure, they should reward with their approbation; for unfortunate would be the fate of that country in which calumny only could be heard, and the confidence of the people could not be declared.
Under these impressions the citizens of Washington offer you their sincere congratulations on the issue of the enquiry that was lately instituted on your conduct. As a respectable portion of the Union they were affected with the liveliest sensibility when they heard on the floor of the House of Representatives the heinous charges that were adduced against so distinguished a soldier and citizen; and living on the immediate theatre of action, they watched with peculiar interest and attention, every measure that was adopted and every circumstance that was disclosed on the subject of your character and conduct. The experience of seven months, however, during which the enquiry was pending, and the charges against you might have been substantiated, had fully prepared them for a decision so honorable to yourself, and so fatal to your enemies.
We behold, sir, the accusation brought forward under a concurrence of circumstances which rendered the motives for its institution doubtful and suspicious. On the first whisper of detraction, we saw you court the enquiry which had been solicited by your accusers, while they, as if conscious of their precipitancy and weakness, endeavoured to retrace the steps they had taken.
An invitation was given to your enemies to make a full development of their knowledge on the subject—You defied them to meet you before a judicial tribunal—but they denied you the honest and imprescriptible privilege of being confronted with your accusers:—they attacked you on a field which you were not permitted to enter, and while they objected to the weakness and incompetency of the court of enquiry, they refused to extend its privileges and powers. Such was the primary aspect of their inconsiderate accusation; and such were the disadvantages under which you were compelled to labor in conducting your vindication. But with a spirit of liberality and innocence, you waved all legal objections to the introduction of the unauthenticated documents which were laid before Congress as evidence before the court; and though silence might have ensured your acquittal, you proceeded to a minute development of the transaction which formed the basis of the accusation. This development has incontestably demonstrated your innocence and the indefatigable zeal of your enemies.
Permit me, sir, to embrace this opportunity to express my recollection of the services you rendered to your country. It was in the month of August, 1800, that the Convention of Saratoga, which secured the issue of that contest which made us a nation; and for you it was reserved to battle the arts and enterprise of a conspirator, and save your country from the horror of a civil war. These signal services will never be forgotten by a free people.
Had not the honest energy of your character actuated all your measures at New Orleans, had you preferred the insidious call of private friendship to the paramount duties of patriotism, a fair portion of America might have been lost to your countrymen. But the storm has past;—the bolt that was intended for your destruction has fallen harmless at your feet, and we rejoice, sir, that you have triumphed over the arts of your enemies, and proved yourself deserving of the confidence of your country.
In behalf of the meeting, I have the honor to be,
Sir, your obedient servant, CORNELIUS CONINGHAM, Chairman. Washington, July 15, 1808.
GENTLEMEN, Next to the consciousness of having done my duty, and more than my bare duty, I prize the approbation of the immediate spectators of that persecution, which has ensued my best services to the state: and therefore this testimonial from the citizens of the national metropolis, cannot but be acceptable to a bosom, whose sensibilities have been rent by the rankest ascriptions of envy and disappointment.
We have seen in other times and in other cases, an uniform series of good offices and long continued service, expiate the foulest offences, and recommend to the public confidence, those who had deserved ill of their country; but by some strange distortion, my exertions for the public weal, instead of veiling anterior misconduct, have produced a resurrection of legendary tales, and a jaundiced retrospection of my whole life and actions, to wound my character and blast my fame.
I would accompany my sincere acknowledgements, gentlemen, for this manifestation of confidence and good will, by some suitable declaration; but promises are too often vain, and professions too frequently delusive; I will therefore intreat of my fellow citizens to judge me by my works; and not by the machinations of those who seek my destruction; and as they may find me, so let them estimate me.
I beg you to accept my best wishes for your prosperity and happiness—and am with great respect,
Gentlemen, Your obt. servt. JAS. WILKINSON. To Cornelius Coningham, Esq., and the Committee of Citizens.
July 18. Mr. ERSEINE left this city on Friday for Philadelphia.... Nat. Int.
On Saturday arrived at the Navy-Yard, the French national brig Surveillante of eighteen guns. She is last from Guadalupe, having made her passage in twelve days. On casting anchor she fired a salute, which was returned from the yard. She brings no European news. The commander states the price of flour at Guadalupe to have been forty dollars a barrel; and beef the same price. Coffee was at thirteen cents the pound, and sugar at four dollars the cwt. The quantity of flour on hand was considerable, and the last supply had been obtained from the British islands in the neighborhood.... Ib.
From the Charleston City Gazette.
COMMUNICATION.
FIDELITY & GALLANTRY
Of Col. PICKERING, in the Campaign of 1780.
The French ambassador was expected to pay a visit to Gen. Washington—the latter to give him a proof of American prowess, and had concerted a plan with the Marquis La Fayette, who commanded the light infantry to surprise a fort on Staten-Island. All matters being adjusted, the arrival of his excellency was the signal for the line to move on. Col. Pickering had the superintendence of the boats. After passing in review the grand army and visiting the Marquis, guards were stationed, (to prevent information) to arrest every person supposed to be passing to the point of action, even if he had the passport of the commander in chief. The infantry gained possession of Elizabeth-Town in the dead hour of the night—the inhabitant enjoyed their beds unconscious of their numerous visitors. The night was very dark, but the sons of Liberty expected a brilliant day—La Fayette was in raptures—When the hour after hour passed away, no Pickering or boats arrived, (although furnished with the best of guards and lights) to the utter astonishment of the gallant Commander—The dawning day sealed the disappointment of the expedition. From that period, (no doubt to the present) La Fayette holds the remembrance of Pickering in the greatest abhorrence and detestation, as well as those who were acquainted with the circumstance and there are many to this day.
ONE OF THE EXPEDITION.
Republicans, be on the alert! It is rumored, and with good foundation, that the federalists, from all parts of the union, are actively, but secretly employed in organizing themselves to oppose and defeat the election of a Republican President. Committees of Correspondence are already formed in the different states; there is to be a Convention; and the place of meeting fixed on New-York. Their candidate will be general Pinckney. Surely these are times which call for harmony, activity and concert among the friends of liberty, a free government, and national honor and independence.... Bolt. American.
NORFOLK, July 13.
The following was handed us this morning by the master of a vessel arrived yesterday from Jamaica:
"When you arrive in America, please have the following printed in the newspapers:
"Kingston, (Jamaica) June 22, 1808.
"The American brig Bellona , capt. Laffon, was brought into this port for adjudication on the 17th inst. by his Britannic majesty's ship Garland , Rowland Bevan, esq. commander, taken on her passage from Charleston to Baltimore, with a cargo of rice."
(This is the first instance which we have heard of a coasting vessel being captured on the coast; but perhaps the Bellona had the previous misfortune to be blown off: the place of capture will best settle that matter.... Leiger.

The following article we copy from Lang's Royal Gazette of New-York, a paper devoted to the British government, and one of the channels through which the artifices of that government and its agents are played off. The article itself is sufficiently open and comprehensive to men of discernment; and speaks very plainly the truth which it affects to disguise, and the intentions which it appears to discredit.—Aurora.
COL. BURN ONCE MORE. This gentleman has been food for curiosity and a subject for political speculation for many a year, but he had vanished from our sight ever since he made his disappearance in the state of Ohio from the aversion he had to strong houses. He had gone, for aught we know, to resist the antipodes; but all of a sudden he presents himself to public view, in the capital of Nova-Scotia. You have told us, Messrs. Printers, that Mr. Burr or Mr. Edwards appeared in Halifax; for he is one of the extensive family of the alias's, but you have not proceeded to inform us what is the object of his peregrinations. Now you must have known that all the twists and motions of that gentleman have been regarded as very important, ever since he took the lead in opposition to the administration of Gen. Washington; ever since he became a full blooded democrat, and attempted to mend a broken fortune by leading a party. Ever since he gave proofs of his sagacity and morals by discovering, according to the common proverb, on which side his bread was buttered, and by sticking like dirt to the buttered side. The history of this man affords an instructive lesson to the moralist and the politician. But since you have not told us what Mr. Burr is going to do next, you will suffer me to travel in the field of conjecture, and try to account for his present voyage.
It is known that two of Col. B's confidential friends left this city for London; one after the other, a considerable time ago; and it is now admitted that Col. Burr privately shipped in the last British packet for Falmouth. What was his object in going to England? To this question several answers have been alleged. His business beyond controversy was political. He did not go to practice law, for he could not be permitted. He did not go to see the world and spend money, for obvious reasons, nor is he engaged in mercantile speculations. Neither did he go in the hope of getting the assistance from England in forwarding his old project of raising a little empire for himself, by severing the inhabitants on the western waters from their fellow citizens on the Atlantic states. This I say is not his business, because he must know that the British government would not assist him in it! They would not assist him, because they have no inclination to make war against the United States! Nor would they assist him, for a better reason, viz. because they could not be profited by the measure. I confide that he has changed his plan. He will declare, when he arrives in London, that he never intended to separate the western states from those upon the Atlantic. His object was to prepare a small army, who should be in readiness to invade Mexico, as soon as the United States should proclaim war with Spain; a measure that appeared certain, considering the insults they had received. This, by the way, is the very story that he told to most of the people he enlisted on the Ohio. He will go on to say, and it may be said with truth, which he does not dislike, when it fits him best, that thousands of people on the western waters are hungry for Mexican dollars; that nothing could please them more than a visit to Santa Fe. That if Great Britain will send a fleet into the Gulf of Mexico, with a small army to be landed on the coast, to the northward of La Vera Cruz; he will make a powerful diversion in their favour, with his American volunteers, by attacking Santa Fe; so that in a little time they may be in full possession of both the Mexicans. It will be understood that Great Britain is to furnish Col. Burr, and his men with a sufficient supply of ammunition. They will also need a small supply of money. Being thus provided, they will laugh at the puffings of Gen. Wilkinson and the impediments of the gun-boats, the embargo and all their friends.
NESTOR.
When the stores of the Osage, which had been seized at Falmouth, were ordered to be restored, after Mr. Pinkney had interposed, it was discovered that the following articles had been purloined—viz.
3 qr. casks of Madeira, 3 do. coffee, 1 bbl. rum, 1 do. brandy.
The theft was attributed to one of the custom-house officers; but there was no disposition to indemnify for the loss.—Pub. Adv.
We hear, that the Committee appointed by the Legislature of the state of Massachusetts, to examine the accounts of the late Treasurer (Mr. Skinner) have reported, that there is a great deficiency of monies due to the Commonwealth, from him; and that the governor convened the council on Saturday last, to take the report into consideration.
Bos. Gaz.
It is said that the balance against Mr. Skinner is 72,000 dollars, and that process has been issued against his bondsmen. It is uncertain what the state may ultimately lose; but that will not alter the offence. Mr. S. was two years in office. If reports are true, it is astonishing his friends should propose him for the office he held.
Palladium.
WEST-INDIES.
NEW-YORK, July 14.
IMPORTANT.
The following extract of a letter from St. Croix is from a gentleman of the first respectability at that place, to his friend in this city. It confirms, beyond all doubt, the intelligence before received on this important object.
EXTRACT.
St. Croix, June 23.
"By a vessel arrived at Trinidad which left Gibraltar about 20th May, it is reported that violent commotions had taken place in Spain in consequence of the French having attempted to carry off the Prince of Asturias as lately declared king, as a prisoner to France, and that a number of French troops had been massacred in different places; in consequence of which Bonaparte was carrying fire and sword through that devoted country. Such was the consternation, it is said, that the people of Cadiz, were in, that they had sent an offer to Gibraltar to deliver up the city and fleet to us, and that Lord Collingwood and Gen. Spencer had actually left
that fortress with a competent number of ships and five thousand men to carry into effect this important measure.
"It is not at all surprising, that the state of extreme wretchedness to which the people of Spain are reduced by the detestable tyrant and his minions, should drive them to acts of the highest desperation.
"Flour was down to 12 and 15 dollars per barrel." N. Y. Gazette.
Capt. J. H. Horton who arrived at Sag Harbor, on Friday from Machias, informs that he saw there a band bill, issued at St. John's which gave an account of a great naval engagement in the Mediterranean, in which the French were defeated. The English acknowledge to have lost 5000 men, and three ships which blew up during the engagement. Merc. Adv.
THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, JULY 22, 1808.
ADDRESS OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE FRIENDS OF THE MANUFACTURING ASSOCIATION TO THE PEOPLE OF VIRGINIA.
FELLOW-CITIZENS, You have seen the French Imperial Decree, and the British Orders of Council, by which our commerce is, in effect, destroyed. The injustice of these two nations towards America, has brought us to answer to ourselves this question, ARE WE CAPABLE OF BEING ENTIRELY INDEPENDENT, OR ARE WE NOT? If we are not, if we must still get the necessaries of life from foreign countries; we have before us a choice of evils.—We may continue our commerce as we have lately carried it on; send out our flag to be insulted in every sea, send out our ships and cargoes to be plundered by the corsairs of France and England, send out our seamen to be seized, impressed, imprisoned, hung up on the yards of British ships, or chained to the oar and forced to fight for their enemies against their friends, forced to become instruments of violence, rapine and robbery even against the persons & property of their countrymen: Or we may choose another evil.—We may still get the products of Europe, by leaguing ourselves with the one or the other of the great belligerent powers, and claiming for our commerce the protection of our ally: but what are to be the consequences of this alliance? The first is to be immediately involved in all the quarrels of that ally; and the last, to be enslaved by her: such is the concurrent warning of all history, ancient and modern. There is a third evil, by the adoption of which, we may still supply ourselves with European manufactures—that is, to permit the ships of that power, which commands the ocean, to become the carriers of our trade; to become of course its monopolist; to sell us her articles and take ours at her own price—which is precisely the servitude in which Great-Britain held our commerce, while we were colonies to her, and from which we waged a seven years' war to emancipate ourselves. Such is the present state of the world; so perfectly have nations broken through all the restraints of national courtesy; so entirely have they beaten down all those barriers of national law which formerly guarded their intercourse; so furious and desperate are the conflict that agitates all Europe, and so wild and licentious the anarchy which rages upon the ocean, that if we must still have the products of Europe, we must be content to get them by choosing among those evils. We must get them either by our own ships amidst insult, violence, plunder, impressment and mercantile ruin—or we must get them by the ships of that nation which triumphs upon the ocean, and on such terms as she shall prescribe to us—or we must get them under the protection of an ally, at the price of present peace and future independence.
Thus situated, what remains for us to do, but to withdraw from all intercourse with those unjust nations, and look to those internal sources of supply, with which the bounty of Heaven has so abundantly blessed us. If, as we hope, we have the virtue to match the crisis which presents itself; if we possess the patriotic self-denial, the constancy, the enterprise and perseverance, of which our fathers in 1776 gave us so illustrious an example; then indeed we shall be independent, for our independence will be placed beyond the influence of foreign contact or collision. Food and raiment are the necessaries of life. Of the first our country has given us such overflowing abundance, that we have, for many years supplied bread to those who now harrass us. We have not indeed the luxuries of diet—but the patriots of 1776 have taught us how far liberty is to be preferred to luxury, the plain and simple repast of the free-citizen to the voluptuous banquet of the colonial slave.—Thus abounding in plain and wholesome food, is there any reason why we should go abroad for raiment, the other necessary of life? We believe not. We believe that we may at once become our own manufacturers to every necessary purpose. We can supply to ourselves the substantial articles of clothing. We can do more—we can fabricate for ourselves the instruments of agriculture, and those domestic utensils and materials for building, which we have hitherto been in the habit of importing from Europe.
1. Our country abounds in the finest cities for the erection of those water-works, those labour-saving machines, to which Europe is so particularly indebted for the flourishing state of her manufactures. It is believed that there is not a spot in Europe, perhaps not in the world, which combines more advantages for the erection of such works than the city of Richmond itself.
2. There can be no doubt that the mechanical genius of this country is at least equal to the erection of such works. Carding machines have been already constructed in several parts of Virginia, & spinning machines in the northern states and in Kentucky. In a neighbouring state (Maryland), artists, we learn, have already rendered themselves to an institution corresponding in objects with that now submitted to your consideration, & declare themselves capable of erecting any species of machinery necessary for their purposes.
3. As to the labor necessary to the operation of such works, we believe that it will be readily commanded. The idea that no country can be a manufacturing country, but one of crowded population, is an idea which Great-Britain and other manufacturing countries are interested in propagating—like that which she formerly inculcated upon her troops, that one English soldier was equal to three French, which France has of late years at least so completely falsified; or that other opinion, which she in common with the other monarchies of Europe, too long and too successfully propagated, that a republican form of government was unfit for a large & extensive country, an opinion which America under the blessings of Providence has now so happily disproved. It belongs to the energy of this age, to dissipate these antiquated delusions, the offspring of selfishness & design, to bring the power of man to the ordering of fact and experiment. A crowded people, it is true, will become manufacturers from necessity. This has been the case with Great-Britain. But necessity from whatever cause it springs, will produce the same effect. We, for example, are far from being a crowded people; yet we experience a necessity to become manufacturers equally importunate with that which results from scantiness of territory, and, to a people who love freedom, equally direful: for we can no longer get manufactures from abroad, without experiencing every indignity and every wrong which arrogance, injustice and rapacity can inflict; without run to those who engage in such commerce, without the total prostration of the honor, the peace and independence of our nation. Agriculture then can no longer supply all our wants—we must of necessity become manufacturers.
* HENRY BRUGHAM.
The objection that labour in this country is too scarce and the wages too high, has been pushed too far. Some manufactures do not require as much labour as has been generally supposed. Most of them employ labour-saving machines. These machines are equivalent to as many labourers as they supersede; and they consequently supersede the wages of labour in the same proportion. There is no reason to fear that these machines may not be constructed at nearly as little expense as those which pervade Europe; and therefore it seems irresistibly clear, that in those manufactures, which admit of labour-saving machines to any extent, the high wages of the labourers of this country are nearly saved. Indeed, if it be once admitted, as we presume it will be by all, that we must rely only on our resources, for articles of the first necessity, every observation as to the scarcity of labour in this country, carries with it the strongest argument in favor of the introduction of machinery, by which that little may be infinitely multiplied and may display itself to the greatest possible advantage.
But let us withdraw from our fields and our forests that surplus labour, which has hitherto gone to feed the colonies of France and England, to supply their looms with raw materials and their architects with lumber.—Let us apply this labour to the purposes of manufacturing, & we shall soon see how happily a society, forced on self-dependence, will balance itself—how soon labour will apportion itself among the various operations necessary to the subsistence of the society, & how, while agriculture gives bread to all, manufactures will give clothing.
4. As to the objection, that the people of the United States have too little capital for such enterprises, let it be retorted, what shall become of that capital, which is now shut out from the high seas by the rapacity of the powers of Europe? In the words of an English Orator* who was lately called before the British parliament specially to speak to such points, "Will congress for the sake of giving encouragement to trade & manufactures make some enactments in the nature of the British Orders in Council? will they after the manner of those precious measures, prohibit manufactures, &c. 2.—No, no; they will not copy you so close; they will give their trade and Manufactures every facility; they are rather better politicians than the wise framers of your decrees; they will foster this capital and make it conduce to truly beneficial ends, not by such Orders in Council as yours, but by measures really adapted to the encouragement of trade; ay, and let me tell you, sir, to the purpose of "retorting upon England the evil of her own injustice."
5. As to the raw materials for the purpose of manufacturing, we have iron and cotton in abundance—we can raise any quantity of hemp and flax that we please—and as to wool, it requires but a constant mart and those cautions and excitements which will not fail to be applied, to carry it to the highest perfection & produce it also in the greatest abundance, in a very short time. A lamb will yield as good wool as for any subsequent period. The quantity too is not inconsiderable. With due care, therefore, a considerable quantity of wool can be accumulated in the short space of one twelvemonth!!
For the purpose of giving a start to domestic manufactures, by raising the necessary capital, which no individual can be expected to supply, patriotic associations have been already formed in several of the states, and their subscription books are rapidly filled. Patriotism alone, at such a crisis as this, would be sufficient to produce this effect: But another motive not so exalted indeed, but at least, as universal and efficient, has contributed to aid the process; that is, interest . The few experiments in manufactures which have been already made in other states, on a small scale, have demonstrated that there is no legitimate mode of investing money more profitable, perhaps none so much so. We have been informed in such a way, as to rely upon it, that the annual product of money so invested, even at a period when our commerce was unmolested, was from ten to fifteen per cent. What accumulation of that profit, the total obstruction of our commerce is likely to produce, will be striking to every mind. How long the present obstruction of our commerce will continue, the injustice of Europe must determine. But perhaps it is no wild supposition to conceive, that even if the present attacks on our trade should blow over, Congress may adopt the policy of encouraging our own manufactures by rather higher duties on the imported articles of Europe. To keep ourselves from being altogether dependent on Europe for our clothing, Congress may adopt this course, if they should discover from the experience of the intermediate time that we have really the inclination & the spirit to clothe ourselves.
Under all these views of the subject, the citizens of Richmond beg leave to submit to their fellow-citizens throughout the state, the annexed project for the encouragement of domestic manufactures. They have been emboldened to make their proposition a general one, by the consideration, that a great experiment can be no where made with more propriety than in the metropolis of the state, where the institution will be inspected annually by the delegates from the several counties, and its state and progress faithfully reported to the various stockholders: and by
this farther consideration, that the local advantages of Richmond, for such an experiment, are perhaps not equalled by those of any other town in the commonwealth. Such institutions in this city, would be seated in the vicinity of inexhaustible coal-mines.—They would receive a never-failing supply of water for operating the machinery, from the James River canal; which affords a fall so extensive in some places, that the same water may be operated three several times in its descent from the canal to the river. Such is now the situation of the public Armoury. They would possess too, the benefits of a navigation stretching upwards of 200 miles above the works, and to the ocean below; by which means they would cheaply and easily receive most of their raw materials, and circulate to a considerable distance their manufactured productions.
WILLIAM H. CABELL, WILLIAM WIRT, WILLIAM FOUSHEE, SENE. PEYTON RANDOLPH, and THOMAS RITCHIE, } Committee.
ADDRESSED TO A GENTLEMEN of the City of Richmond. PROVIDENCE, (R. I.) July 6, 1808. My Friend,
A desire to make myself acquainted with the great and useful art of spinning cotton, has been the cause of my travelling to this place. I left my place of abode in the county of Louisa, state of Virginia, on the 1st day of May last, with a full determination to pursue my journey to this place and view all the cotton manufactures on the continent or get the necessary knowledge to build machinery for the purpose. Having been for several years impressed with an idea of the vast utility of this great invention, which is now much desired in every part of our country, & which will strengthen & make it rich, if attended to; I have travelled over all the states to the south or west of this, where I could hear of machinery, and part of Massachusetts, and have not, until I got to this state, seen the perfection of this art. In Virginia, an idea is entertained that in Philadelphia, all the materials and machinery can be had of the best quality—this is entirely a mistaken opinion. I am confident that if the people of this place had any part or the whole of the machinery in Maryland, Pennsylvania, New-Jersey and New-York at this place, they would burn it rather than put it into the manufactures at this place.
I have with deliberation and caution endeavoured to make myself not only acquainted with the art of Building the machinery & spinning, but have tried to find out the persons who would be willing to go to the Southward of this on the business, both for spinning and weaving—I have seen many young men who are skilful, who would go on to Virginia to attend a manufacture—I have got in this place in a situation, where I have obtained ample information, to be able to do anything in this way which I should be called on to do—and have had an advantageous proposal to go to a distant part of the union to erect a large manufacture. I have as yet avoided giving a positive answer on that subject, but shall be obliged soon to determine on it. The last papers that came out at this place had an extract from the Petersburg Republican of an arrangement which had take place at that place, and Richmond, to erect cotton and other manufactures, and this strengthened by a letter which I have just read from a gentleman in Virginia, has induced me to write to you upon the subject, begging that you will try to get a job for me in Richmond, if you can, or if not there, in Petersburg, as I wish to reside in my native land—and in my present situation of information, I should be of use to the public.
It is not an easy task to go through what I have, since I left my native land—when I reached this place I made my business known to a gentleman who had several partners; I wished to get into work in his factory, as I was without money—He observed, that they wished to keep the matter of spinning cotton, &c. concealed, as long as they could, at least, for two or three years longer, by which time they would make as much money as would answer them. If I was to say, what it is said, persons at this place had made within the compass of four or five years, it would, perhaps, not be credited.
I have inclosed to you, some of the specimens of the manufactures, with a bill of the prices they sell the cotton yarn at—Also, a piece which appeared in the papers, by way of caution to the owners of factories, not to admit me, but this has not prevented me from getting the information. I must beg that you will write to me at this place without delay. Please lay this before the company, and write to those in Petersburg on the subject.
The making the machinery is almost altogether done by the operation of water.—Several engines are necessary in the process of this work, which I could make at this place upon better terms than they could be had at any other place on the continent, and where I should be instructed by one of the most skilful men on the continent. If the company in Richmond should want any thing of this kind done, I will do it for them, if you will write to me and appoint an agent in this place, who will make the necessary advances as the work proceeds. I could shape those engines in 30 days after getting the orders, provided I do not undertake to go to the other place before I get information from you.
Your Friend, RICHARD HARRIS. The various specimens mentioned in the preceding letter, are left at this Office for inspection.
The fourth of July was celebrated at Nottoway Court-House in a style of uncommon harmony and joy.—In the morning, a lofty Liberty pole was raised, prepared to receive the colours. After two o'clock in the evening, a veteran revolutionary hero stood at the pole, and amidst the resounding shouts of the encircling crowd elevated the American Eagle. A sumptuous dinner was prepared by Mr. John Roberts, to which the company sat down about 3 o'clock; Colonel Edmund Wills acting as President, and Peter Randolph, Jr. as Vice-President. After dinner the following TOASTS were drank:
1. The day we celebrate—The grand Jubilee of Freedom; the revolution of ages shall not efface its glory. 9 cheers. 2. The People of the United States—Long may they be united by the bonds of political virtue. 3 cheers. 3. The memory of our Revolutionary Heroes who fell in defence of liberty; we will share their fate, or remain a free and independent people. No cheer. 4. The memory of General George Washington; the father of the nation, the redeemer of his country. No cheer. 5. The President of the United States; the great defender of our rights of the people; his wisdom and integrity will restrain him from an improper or corrupt exercise of the dangerous and unprecedented powers Congress have put into his hands. 3 cheers. 6. Presidential Elections; they never can be sure or free, so long as they are influenced by the intrigues of a Congressional caucus. No cheer. 7. The Militia; the only safe defence of republics—They are the owners of the Coifus for which they fight. 8. France; peace with her if a fair and honorable peace she wishes, she need not hope we are dazzled, or panic-struck with the splendour of her arms. 6 cheers. 9. Great-Britain; her habitual violations of the rights of nations have impoverished her resources and will accelerate her downfall; in our youth we contended with her cannon, in our manhood we thundered against her walls. 6 cheers. 10. Self Government and Independence; having tasted their sweets, what power upon earth shall rescue them from us, for what are ten, what are fifty; what an hundred slaves, matched with a single arm, that strikes for Liberty! 11. National Honor—A spirit that will not offer, or submit to insult, the best security of national happiness. 12. The French Decrees and British Orders of Council—Base and disgraceful violations of the laws of nations; the want of our commerce shall inflict upon them a punishment for their insolence. 3 cheers. 13. War; we deplore its evils, it is sometimes necessary; we are ready to encounter it rather than a disgraceful peace. 3 cheers. 14. The Labourer, Manufacturer and Agriculturist—A triumvirate as powerful in supporting American Independence, as that of Rome was in destroying its Liberties. 6 cheers. 15. Our National Flag—Let not the slight tarnish it has received induce other nations to believe we are deserted by the spirit of our forefathers. 6 cheers. 16. The State of Virginia—Among the first to defend the cause of Freedom in '76—The first to defend the true principles of the Federal Constitution in '98 and '99—May she ever continue to distinguish the constitutional difference between Legislative and Executive right in the federal as well as the state government. 6 cheers. 17. The American Fair; if they smile on the brave and virtuous only, our Country will never want for brave and virtuous defenders.
VOLUNTEERS.
By Francis Fitzgerald, Senior.—That which God never saw—That which Washington and Jefferson have seldom seen and that which we see every day.
By Richard Jones.—God has never seen his equal, Washington and Jefferson have seldom seen their equals—But may the successor to Jefferson be equal to both. Washington and Jefferson. 3 cheers.
By Isaac Winfrey.—May we the People of America, by our good subordination to the laws of our Country ever keep off our external foes.
By Robert Sluffield.—May the United States of America ever be attended with independence, health and prosperity.
By Ephraim Thweatt.—Federalism; perdition to it.
A Federalist "whose labors certainly do no discredit to a N. York newspaper," sneeringly asks us, how can our present difficulties be ascribed to the Federalists? They forsooth had not been at the helm of affairs.
It is true. Neither was A. Burr at the helm, when he threw the whole continent into a flame.—An individual may do a great deal of harm, beyond the precincts of official station. The Federalist might have asked his question with much more propriety, if his party had only observed a very simple recipe for the last six months: stop your mouths, and drop your pens, gentlemen, and cease to misrepresent the spirit of this nation to the ministers of Great-Britain. But it is never too late to be wise gentlemen.—It is never too late to do good to your country.
Extract of a letter from a Gentleman in Hillsborough, N. Carolina, to his friend in this City: "Your favorite Madison, will, I believe, obtain an unanimous vote in this state. The federalists unite in his support—We have a few Clintonians, but they can do nothing. The friends of the Randolph-faction are all in favor of the old man, and among them is our present Representative."
* Richard Sandford, Esq.
WILL BE SOLD for Cash, on the premises, on the twenty-seventh day of August next, by virtue of a deed of trust, executed by Archibald Baird, for the purposes in said deed mentioned, a TRACT of LAND, containing by estimation four hundred and forty-four acres and adjoining the lands of Powhatan Bolling, deceased, Amos Lepford, George Hooper, Elizabeth Guilless, and William Mulloy.
Also a Negro Woman named Diley, and her increase, to use the expression of said deed, which will be found on record in the county of Buckingham.
WILLIAM M. ALLEN, } Trustees. SAMUEL ALLEN, } Caira, July 16. (July 22.) 4w
IN Richmond Hustings Court, July 11th 1808. The Court will proceed at August term next, pursuant to the act of the last session of the General Assembly, to the appointment of a CONSTABLE for this City; which is ordered to be advertised.
A Copy. Teste, TH: C. HOWARD, Clerk. July 22. (cp5)
MANCHESTER ACADEMY — JOHN WOOD respectfully informs the Parents and Guardians of Youth, that his seminary after a short vacation is again open for the reception of students and boys. Having engaged an assistant, he purposes to devote a part of his time for the instruction of Young Ladies in the French and English Languages, Writing, Arithmetic and Geography, as also the various branches of the art of Design.
In order to exhibit to the public, the plan of instruction pursued in this Academy and the progress of the Students, J. WOOD will have an examination every four months in the Greek, Latin and French Languages; as also in the Mathematical Sciences, and those dependent upon them. At these examinations, prizes of merit will be given to one in each class. As a greater inducement however, for such students as may be desirous to acquire an extensive knowledge of the Mathematics, J. Wood offers a prize of TWO HUNDRED DOLLARS to the student, who proves himself best acquainted with Fluxions and the higher branches of the Mathematics, at the examination of Christmas, 1809; provided there are twenty competitors, and the prize to be increased or decreased in proportion to the number.—The mode of decision to be prescribed by the majority of the candidates, who are required to enter themselves previous to Christmas 1808.
Terms of Education. Students and Boys learning any of the Languages or Sciences, Twelve Dollars and Fifty Cents per quarter, paid in advance. Young Ladies studying the several Branches above mentioned, Ten Dollars per quarter, in advance. Boys commencing the English Language and Writing, Ten Dollars per quarter, in advance. Students who lodge in the Academy, pay Ten Dollars per annum in addition to their fees. N.B. Board may be had in Manchester for boys, at the rate of One Hundred Dollars per annum; and in some houses for Eighty Dollars. Students usually pay Forty Pounds.
July 22. F2w

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY ON THE SUBJECT OF PUBLIC ROADS & CANALS, Made in pursuance OF A RESOLUTION OF SENATE OF MARCH 2 [CONTINUED]
TURNPIKE OR ARTIFICIAL ROADS. A great number of artificial roads have been completed in the eastern and middle states, at an expense varying from less than one thousand to fourteen thousand dollars a mile.
It appears by one of the papers marked (D.) under which letter will be found all the information which has been obtained respecting roads, that fifty turnpike companies have been incorporated since the year 1803, in the state of Connecticut alone; and that the roads undertaken by those companies are all of that description.
No particular account has been received of the roads in the other Eastern states; but it is known that besides, some of a similar description with those of the state of Connecticut, several of a more expensive kind have been completed, particularly in Massachusetts.
A greater capital has been vested on turnpike roads in the state of New-York, than in any other. In less than seven years, sixty-seven companies have been incorporated with a nominal capital of near five millions of dollars, for the purpose of making more than 3,000 miles of artificial roads.
Those roads extend in every direction, but particularly from every town or village on the North river; Westwardly and North-Westwardly, towards the waters of the Susquehannah and those of the great lakes.
More detailed information has been obtained respecting the roads in New-Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland.
In New Jersey, a turnpike road has lately been completed from Trenton to Brunswick. The distance is 25 miles; the greatest angle of ascent 8 degrees, and the road is nearly in a straight line.
The principal are to Bristol and Trenton, 12 miles of which are completed; to Germantown and Perkiomen, with two branches to Willow Grove, and to Chestnut Hill; and to Lancaster and Columbia, with a branch to Harrisburg.
The distance from Philadelphia to Perkiomen is 25 miles & a quarter; the two branches extend, one 10 miles and the other 7 miles and a half; making together, near 43 miles. The angle of ascent is 4 degrees; the breadth of the road 50 feet, of which 23 feet, having a convexity of 15 inches, are covered with a stratum either of gravel 18 inches thick or of pounded stones 12 inches thick.
about 9,000 dollars, or little more than 3 per cent. on the capital expended. The distance from the Schuylkill, at Philadelphia to Lancaster is 62 miles and a quarter.
The Lancaster road, the first extensive turnpike that was completed in the United States, is the first link of the great western communication from Philadelphia.
Other roads in a north-west direction from Philadelphia, towards the Genessee and Presqu'isle on Lake Erie, are also progressing, and have been encouraged by the subscriptions or donations of the legislature.
In Maryland, roads extending from Baltimore in various directions, have been lately undertaken by several companies and are rapidly progressing.
The "Reisters Town" turnpike, in a north-westwardly direction, extends 16 miles to that village; whence two branches extending one 19 and the other 22 miles farther, will enter Pennsylvania at two different places.
The capital of the "Frederick-town" turnpike company amounts to 500,000 dollars; and the company is authorised to open the great western road, as far as Boonsborough, beyond the Blue Ridge, and 62 miles from Baltimore.
The distance from Boonsborough to Cumberland, at the foot of the Allegheny mountain, following the present road is 73 miles, and although the company is not yet authorised to extend the turnpike to that place, the ground has been surveyed, and it is ascertained that the road may be continued with an angle of ascent not exceeding 4 degrees.
The following is that part of Gen. Wilkinson's defence which relates to the perjury of the honorable Delegate from Orleans.
"I there close Mr. Harper's deposition, and find little else in Mr. Clark's worthy notice. It is true, he has been so far consistent as to begin and end in falsehood; for Mr. Clark was not at the time referred to, 'the agent of the house who were my consignees at New-Orleans and had an interest in my shipments,' though he has sworn he was—(See the deposition of Oliver Pollock and the letters of Philip Nolan.) I have not, however yet done with him; he has an awful account to settle: I allude to the oath he took in the case of the Grand Sachem.
"Grand Sachem, to me or to any other person to my knowledge or belief. Permit me here, gentlemen, to observe, that perjury is defined by law the crime of taking a false oath in the course of a judicial proceeding, on a point material to the issue; and you have already seen, that the point to which Mr. Clark deposed was material to the issue in question.
"I shall first call your attention to the copy of a bill of sale, attached to the record, certified by Stephen de Quinones, Notary Public, to be correctly taken from the original, which remains in the archives under his charge in the city of New-Orleans, and bearing date the 25th of August 1806.
"The next paper to which I beg leave to refer on the same subject, is a certificate from Don Joseph Antonio de Uloa, administrator general of the royal revenues of the province of Louisiana, properly authenticated with the royal seal of the Custom-House of New-Orleans.
"The last written evidence I here offer you, gentlemen, on the subject of the Grand Sachem, is the certificate of the Don Francisco de Isla de Solares, commissary of the royal armies, administrator general for his majesty at the custom-house for the Havana and the other ports of the Island of Cuba.
"Gentlemen, does so flagrant an offence against the laws of God and man merit comment? Shall I attempt to portray the abandoned author of a vile perjury by which the current of justice has been diverted from its course, and a righteous claimant robbed of more than thirty-four thousand dollars?
"The hypocrite whose duplicity has so long been successful stands confessed. The masquerade been torn from the impostor—Unveiled and naked, deformity and impure, he presents a spectacle whose sight disgusts and whose touch is poison; a fit subject for the society of him only, whose character is not to be contaminated by infamy itself."
LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES. AN ACT Making appropriations for the support of the navy of the United States, during the year one thousand eight hundred and eight.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That for defraying the expenses of the navy of the United States, during the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, the following sums be, and the same hereby are, respectively appropriated; that is to say: For the pay and subsistence of the officers, and pay of the seamen, three hundred and sixty-eight thousand and forty-eight dollars.
Approved, TH: JEFFERSON. ALL persons having claims against the estate of the Rev. Matthew Maury, late of this county, are requested to bring them forward for settlement; and all persons indebted, are solicited to make arrangements for payment at an early period; as, consistently with the terms of his will, liquidation cannot be extended. MATTHEW MAURY, Acting executor. Thomas W. Maury, Jr. Albemarle, June 14. (epgw)
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN. Know Ye, That Bathurst Claiborne of the county of Powhatan, and Mary Leigh his wife, being desirous to do equal justice to all the creditors of the said Bathurst Claiborne, as far as his estate real or personal should extend, and after effecting that just and honorable purpose, to secure the residue thereof, if any, to the family of them, the said Bathurst Claiborne and Mary Leigh, did by their Indenture, sealed with their seals, and now of record among the records of the honorable, the general court of Virginia, on the 16th day of January, 1808, convey to the subscribers, both residing in the city of Richmond, and Nathaniel H. Claiborne of the county of Franklin, what we believe to be all the estate real and personal of him, the said Bathurst Claiborne, in trust, for effecting the purposes aforesaid, agreeably to the principles in the said deed more fully set forth and explained, which we consider as the most proper which could be devised, for effecting the purposes of doing material and complete justice to all the creditors of the said Bathurst, within a reasonable time, with as little injury as the nature of the case requires, to the true interests of the said Bathurst and Mary Leigh his wife, and their family.—We hereby notify to all such creditors, that the legal estate is in us and the said Nathaniel H. Claiborne, in the land called Midway, lying in the county of Powhatan, and in twenty-two slaves, known by the names of Billy, Betty, Dilley, Minor, Nancy, Daniel, Violet, Arthur, Jack, Tom, Milly, Bob, Sally, Amos, Patty, Polly, Betsy, Lucinda, Billy, Joe, Phil, and Judy, with all the progeny of the females among them, from & after the date of the said indenture, a chariot and harness, and also the personal chattels consisting of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, household and kitchen furniture, agricultural and other tools, more particularly specified in a schedule recorded with, and annexed to the said Indenture; and further, that at the same time, that we warn every person and persons, that we mean to assert our interest in, and title to the said estate, for the purposes of the so to pursue the most prompt measures for carrying the same into full and ample execution, so soon as we can discover the nature of the debts on the day of the date thereof, or then due, and to become payable at any day thereafter.
FOR SALE OR RENT—A Valuable MERCHANT MILL in the county of Hanover, on the South Anna river, about ten miles from the court-house and twenty from Richmond; the stream at all times afford an abundance of water, the mill house is 50 by 30 feet, two stories high, underpinned with stone, wherein are fixed three pair of stones; there is also a miller's house underpinned with brick, with a brick chimney, and a stable calculated to hold four horses.
Richmond, July 1. (law4w)
IN CHANCERY—At a court continued by adjournment and held for James City county, the 14th day of June, 1808. John P. Shields, surviving acting executor, &c. of John P. Shields, deceased, Plaintiff—Against Joseph Hornsby, Defendant. The defendant not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the said defendant is not an inhabitant of this Commonwealth, on motion of the plaintiff by his counsel, It is ordered, that unless the said defendant shall appear here on or before the second Monday in November next and answer the plaintiff's bill, that this court will then proceed to take the same for confessed, and decree the matter thereof accordingly.
Copy Teste, SAML. SHIELD, c. c. June 24. (law8w)
IN CHANCERY—Prince William County Court, June 10th, 1808. Thomas Chapman, surviving acting executor of William Carr, dec'd, Plaintiff—Against Thomas Purcell and Eleanor his wife, formerly Eleanor Randolph, widow and legatee of William Randolph, son and legatee of John Randolph, dec'd, Robert Randolph, William Randolph, George Randolph, and Mildred Randolph, children and legatees of said William Randolph, dec'd and infants under the age of twenty-one years, Peter Oliver and Mildred Oliver, his wife, and Peggy Oliver, daughter of said Peter and Mildred, Nancy Tyler, Samuel James, and Frances his wife, formerly Frances Randolph, Sarah Randolph, Peggy Randolph, John Wright and Betsy his wife, formerly Betsy Randolph, and Charles Purcell and Mary Ann Purcell his wife, formerly Mary Ann Randolph; which said Mildred Oliver, Peggy Oliver, Nancy Tyler, Frances James, Sarah Randolph, Peggy Randolph, Betsy Wright, and Mary Ann Purcell, are also legatees of the said John Randolph, dec'd—defendants. The defendants Margaret Randolph, Samuel James, and Frances his wife, and Peter Oliver and Milly his wife, not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court by affidavit that the said Margaret Randolph, Samuel James, and Frances his wife, are not residents of this Commonwealth; on motion of the complainant by his counsel, It is ordered, that the said absent defendants do appear here on the first day of October next and enter their appearance to this suit, and give security for performing the decree of the court, and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in the newspaper entitled "The Enquirer" printed in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and that another copy of this order be posted at the front door of the court house of this county. A copy Teste, J. WILLIAMS, c. c. July 15. law2m
THE Co-partnership of THOMAS RUTHERFORD & Co. is this day dissolved by mutual consent. All persons indebted to the said firm are requested most earnestly to come forward and pay their respective balances to Thomas Rutherford; and all those who have claims against said firm, to produce them to said T. R. for settlement. THOMAS RUTHERFORD, FREDERICK ARGYLE. Richmond, July 3, 1808. THE SUBSCRIBER respectfully informs his friends and the public, that he will continue to carry on business in this place, in the same line as the late firm have heretofore done. THOMAS RUTHERFORD. July 8. (P6w)
MR. LE TELLIER, DENTIST—In the house adjoining Mr. Edmund Randolph's branches of his profession, i. e. cleansing and restoring the teeth to their natural elegance, by removing that corrosive substance called tartar, which adheres to them in the form of a black or yellow crust, which is the cause of many teeth decaying, an offensive breath, and the corroder of the gums and sockets. He sets artificial ones so as to stand firm, being useful as well as ornamental, plugs the decayed cavities of such as can be preserved, and extracts such as are too far gone to be saved, in which operation he makes use of BRUFF'S PATENT EXTRACTING INSTRUMENTS, which takes the teeth out without any possibility of fracturing the jaw or bruising the gums, and with much less pain than the instruments that are in general use; for which operation his price is one dollar, when done at his own house.
He deems it unnecessary to say any thing concerning the advantage derived from the manner of his performance or his abilities, leaving it for his former operations to speak.
He has DENTIFRICE prepared by himself of a superior quality for the preservation of the gums and teeth, void of corrosive substance.
MR. LE TELLIER wishes the public to have notice that as he has now made Richmond his permanent residence, all his prices are considerably lower than when he was only a visitor of the place.
A line or servant directed to the aforesaid place will be attended to. He keeps a constant supply of Teeth Extracting Instruments, key kind, and best quality, for sale. May 6 [law6m]
ROKERAGE AND COMMISSION BUSINESS—The subscriber respectfully offers his services to his friends and the public, in the above line of business and solicits their patronage. C. GREENHOW. Dec. 15. [law6m]
VALUABLE MANUFACTURING MILL & DISTILLERY—The subscriber will sell or lease for a term of years, with or without a distillery, containing five stills of near 1000 gallons, the valuable MILL on Appomattox river, in Cumberland, lately owned by William Skipwith. The house is 66 feet long, 26 wide, and three stories high, containing 2 pair best burr and 1 pair corn stones, with Evans's patent machinery and a Saw Mill in complete order. Boats pass under the Mill through one of the best locks on the river—the neighborhood affords an abundant supply of wheat, and on the spot two commodious houses calculated for a store and residence. If sold, the purchaser may be accommodated with 4 or 500 acres of Land, one half in wood. Terms may be known on application to Mr. Jeffers at the Mill or to me near Genito Bridge. EDMUND HARRISON. Amelia, April 19. (law4w)
JAMES RIVER COMPANY—A dividend of four and an half per cent. for six months, ending the 30th June will be paid to the stockholders on application to ROBERT POLLARD, Treasurer. July 12. 3w
NOTICE—All persons having claims against the estate of Joseph Watkins, dec'd, late of Goochland, are desired to present them previous to the first of December next, properly authenticated; and those indebted, to make immediate payment to BENJAMIN P. WATKINS, Acting Executor. July 15. v3w
STRAYED or STOLEN, from the subscriber in Pittsylvania, a dark bay HORSE, inclining to a dun. He is full five feet high, and of a stout compact form. He was five years old this spring, has a star in his forehead, and one or both hind feet partly white. Whoever will bring him to the subscriber, shall receive a reward of ten dollars, if taken up on the north side of James river, and of five dollars if on the south. GEORGE TUCKER. Woodbridge, Pittsylvania, July 1. (July 15) law4w
A CARRIAGE AND HORSES—For hire an excellent CARRIAGE and pair of HORSES. Apply at the stable of JOHN HEATH, Esq. on Shockoe-Hill. Richmond, July 8. (law4w)
RICHMOND TILE MANUFACTORY—The subscriber having procured the exclusive right to manufacture in this and several other states Harrowd's much improved Patent Tile for covering houses, and at considerable expense erected the necessary buildings, &c. for carrying on that useful business extensively, now offers to supply, at a short notice, any quantity that may be required, at the moderate price of thirty-five dollars per thousand, delivered at this Factory. He can with confidence, founded on actual experiment, in the covering of about 20 houses in this city, assert, that houses can be covered with this tile as cheap in the first instance, as with shingles of the first quality, and when the security against fire, the difference of insurance, the durability and particular construction of those tiles to resist the most penetrating rains and snows are considered, he cannot doubt of meeting with considerable encouragement. It requires only the examination of a well covered roof to convince the most prejudiced mind of their superiority to any other tile heretofore made, or to the best of slate, and will cost less than the latter, after paying the expense of water carriage to almost any part of this continent. Particular attention will be paid to orders from other towns, and in all cases where they are shipped, he will deliver them whole and sound, along with the vessels, at the expense of cartage only to the purchasers. Any person skilled in the art of tiling, will put on those tile with great facility, but where they cannot be procured, he can engage a few here who have had some experience, and will go a moderate distance, if the job is of sufficient magnitude and their travelling expenses paid. BENJAMIN DUVAL. Richmond, March 22. [ep2w&kwtf]
N. B. I wish to sell Patent Rights in several other States. B. D.
BY virtue of a deed of trust executed to the subscribers by Ro. and Geo. Turner, and Ann the wife of the said George, recorded in Hustings Court of Richmond, made to secure the payment of $1500 to D. A. Couch, according to the terms of said deed; will be sold to the highest bidder, for cash, before the door of the Eagle Tavern, in the said city, on Saturday the 30th day of the present month, (July) all that Lot or Parcel of Ground, situate in the said city, on the east side of the cross-street leading from the Bell-Tavern to the river, and formerly under lease to Russell & Wallace (together with the following NEGROES, George (the cook), Peter (the barber), and Aggy, or so much of the said property as will be sufficient to raise the sum of $300, and all costs attending the said sale. ANDW. STEVENSON, C. ANTHONY, Trustees. July 8. [eptd]
JOSEPH MARK & Co. have on hand an assortment of German Oznaburgs, Ticklenburgs, Dowlat and Fowlins, by the bale, box, or piece. Cognac Brandy, Stouts, Beek Salt, coarse and fine, which they will sell for cash, tobacco or approved paper. May 17. (if)