The recorder, or, Lady's and gentleman's miscellany (Richmond, Va.), 1802-04-10 00:00:00

THE RECORDER; Or, LADY'S AND GENTLEMAN'S MISCELLANY;
Printed by HENRY PACE, and JAMES T. CALLENDER, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA; and published every SATURDAY Morning. Subscription Two Dollars per annum;
SATURDAY, APRIL 10, 1802.
THE Subscribers to this Paper, who have not yet paid their Subscriptions, agreeably to conditions of Subscribing, are respectfully requested to forward the same to this Office. Numbers have not yet paid any money since their commencement of receiving from the first Number of this Paper, although the terms are one half Year in advance. We can only say, that those Gentlemen must see the propriety of our discontinuing to forward their Papers any longer, if the money is not immediately remitted, which can be done by the means of Bank Notes, by letter. The little Profit arising from this Paper, on account of the quantity of original matter contained in it, renders prompt payment necessary. The Post-Masters, who have Subscriptions on hand, are respectfully requested to forward the same, as above mentioned, or many Subscribers who have paid, will otherwise be in danger of having their papers discontinued.
CHARLES SMALLWOOD, TAYLOR,
RETURNS his respectful Thanks for Favors already conferred on him by a generous Public, and begs Leave to inform them, that he has
REMOVED
His Business to the Street leading up to Shockoe Hill, next Door to Crouch and Webster's CITY HOTEL, where all Orders committed to his Care will be thankfully received.
Every Article in the above Business executed with neatness and dispatch, and on the most reasonable Terms.
A PERSON that is well acquainted with the Branch of Gardening,
Wishes to employ a great Part of his Time with two or three Gentlemen, in or near the CITY of RICHMOND, or MANCHESTER, by Way of superintending their Gardens.
For further Particulars enquire of the Printer.
RICHMOND, Jan. 21, 1802.
WM. M'CAY, CLOCK & WATCH-MAKER, MAIN-STREET, RICHMOND,
RESPECTFULLY informs his Friends, and the Public in general, that he continues to carry on the Clock and Watch-Making Business in Part of the House occupied by JAMES COLLETT , Breches Maker, where all Orders from the Country will be punctually attended to.
A Variety of Watches, Watch Chains, Keys, Trinkets, &c.
The Laws of Virginia, TO BE PRINTED By SAMUEL PLEASANTS, Jun. And HENRY PACE.
AMONG other numerous and important Improvements in the proposed Richmond Edition of "The Revised Code of the Laws of Virginia," the following will be particularly attended to:—The Act of Assembly, for convoking the Convention of this State, in Order to discuss the Question of the Federal Constitution;—the Law, respecting the Acceptance and Ratification of the Federal System;—the Laws concerning Canals, the Patowomac, the James River, and other Companies.
This edition will also comprehend the Compacts with the State of Maryland, respecting the River Patowomac; and that regarding the Boundary between Pennsylvania, and Kentucky; with other Additions, too numerous for Insertion in this Place.
It has already been stated to the Public, that this Work will cost only SIX DOLLARS, elegantly bound and lettered, in one large octavo Volume.
FOR SALE,
ON the fourth WEDNESDAY in the present Month (April) the Subscriber will sell, at public auction, his LEASE of Four Years from September last, of the Cross Keys Tavern , two Doors below the Court-House , in the City of Richmond, and give immediate possession.
There is attached to this tenement, a good Stable, and a very large Lot of LAND, newly-enclosed with Posts and Rails, a good Garden, a commodious Yard, and Hen-House. The whole subjected to a Rent of 84 Dollars per Annum, to be paid Monthly throughout the whole Term of the Lease, which is Seven Dollars per Month. The Buildings are all in good Order; and all, except the Dwelling-House and Kitchen, put on the Place at the Expence of the Subscriber, which cost him upwards of One Hundred Pounds. He will treat with any Person privately in the Interim.
There can be no better Stand in this City for nearly one-third of each Month in the Year, being two Courts held at the Court-House (which is in Twenty Yards of the Place) in every Month, Eight of which are Quarterly Courts, that hold Six Days each.
Should the Person who purchases wish to purchase a Quantity of suitable Furniture, the Subscriber will supply them as it stands in the House.
NATHANIEL CHILDERS.
Richmond, April 7th, 1802.
Revised Code.
THE Publishers of the new edition of "The REVISED CODE of the LAWS of VIRGINIA," had advertised that the subscription for this work was to close on the first of March. They have since found it advisable to keep the Subscription open till further notice, as a number of copies of the printed proposals, which had been sent into the country, for the purpose of collecting Subscribers, have not yet been received back; and while the editors are accepting of lists of Subscribers from different parts of the State, they do not consider it as proper to decline the acceptance of Names in Richmond.
It has already been observed, that this edition will be rendered much more valuable than the former, by the addition of the Statutes of a public nature of EIGHT Succeeding Sessions. In these, a considerable number of the Laws, inserted in the former edition have been revised, altered, or repealed. The whole will now be comprehended within a single volume, whereas the possessors of the former edition can only have recourse to them, at the expence of purchasing the entire sets of the Laws of all the former Sessions; of which an immense majority are of a private nature. Of course, these are totally uninteresting to magistrates, or lawyers; and besides the expence of the purchase, they are of a very unmanageable bulk.
HENRY S. ROSE, Taylor,
Next to the SWAN TAVERN, Shockoe-Hill, RICHMOND,
TAKES this Method of soliciting the Patronage of the Inhabitants of this City, and the Public in general; and assures them, that they may depend on his utmost Exertions to secure a continuation of those Favors which his Employers may think proper to confer upon him.
Every Article in the above Line performed in the neatest Style, and on the most reasonable Terms.
CALEB WILLIAMS.
[Continued from our last.]
BUT in this instance it is very easily to be accounted for. He had heard of a man who lurked about this wood for robbery or some other bad design, and that it was conjectured this man was Hawkins. Mr. Falkland's compassion had already been strongly interested in behalf of this victim of rural tyranny; he had in vain endeavoured to find him, and do him good; and he easily conceived that, if the conjecture which had been made in this instance proved true, he might have it in his power not only to do what he had always intended, but farther to save from a perilous offence against the laws and society a man who appeared to have strongly imbibed the principles of justice and virtue. He took with him two servants, because, going with the express design of encountering robbers, if robbers should be found, he believed he should be inexcusable if he did not go provided against possible accidents. But he had directed them, at the same time that they kept within call, to be out of the reach of being seen: and it was only the eagerness of their zeal that had brought them up this early in the present encounter. Mr. Falkland had a little before had the opportunity to convince himself that the village conjecture in relation to Hawkins was untrue; and was now upon the point of returning home, with no other satisfaction than that of having intended an act of benevolence, when Grimes and Emily came up to the spot upon which he had posted himself.
This new adventure promised something extraordinary. Mr. Falkland did not immediately recognise Miss Melville, and the person of Grimes was that of a total stranger whom he did not recollect to have ever seen. But it was easy to understand the merits of the case, and the propriety of interfering. The resolute manner of Mr. Falkland, combined with the dread which Grimes, oppressed with a sense of wrong, entertained of the opposition of so elevated a personage, speedily put the ravisher to flight. Emily was left alone with her deliverer. He found her much more collected and calm than could reasonably have been expected from a person who had been a moment before in the most alarming situation. She told him of the place to which she desired to be conveyed, and he immediately undertook to escort her. As they went along, she recovered that state of mind which inclined her to make a person to whom she had such repeated obligations, and who was so eminently the object of her admiration, acquainted with the events that had recently befallen her. Mr. Falkland listened with eagerness and surprise. Though he had already known various instances of Mr. Tyrrel's mean jealousy and unfeeling tyranny, this surpassed them all, and he could scarcely credit his ears while he heard the tale. His brutal neighbour seemed to realise all that had ever been told of the passions of fiends. Miss Melville was obliged to repeat in the course of her tale her kinsman's rude accusation against her of entertaining a passion for Mr. Falkland, and this she did with the most bewitching simplicity and charming confusion. Though this part of the tale was a source of real pain to her deliverer, yet it is not to be supposed but that the flattering partiality of this unhappy girl increased the interest he felt in her wel-
fare, and the indignation he conceived against her infernal kinsman.
They arrived without accident at the house of the good lady under whose protection Emily desired to place herself. Here Mr. Falkland willingly left her as in a place of security. Such conspiracies as that of which she was intended to have been the victim, depend for their success upon the person against whom they are formed being out of the reach of help, and the moment they are detected they are annihilated. Such reasoning will no doubt be generally found sufficiently solid, and it appeared to Mr. Falkland perfectly applicable to the present case. But he was mistaken.
Mr. Tyrrel heard with astonishment of the miscarriage of an expedient, of the success of which he had not previously entertained the slightest suspicion. He became frantic with vexation. Grimes he compelled to repeat the particulars of the tale, which he had no sooner done than he once again slunk away, shocked at the execrations with which Mr. Tyrrel overwhelmed him. Grimes was no coward, but he revered the inborn divinity that attends upon rank, as Indians worship the devil. Nor was this all. The rage of Mr. Tyrrel was so ungovernable and fierce, that few hearts could have been so stout as not to have trembled before it with a sort of unconquerable inferiority.
He no sooner obtained a moment's pause than he began to recal to his tempestuous mind the various circumstances of the case. His complaints were bitter; and in a tranquil observer might have produced the united feeling of pity for his sufferings and horror at his depravity. He recollected all the precautions he had used; he could scarcely find a flaw in the process; and he cursed that blind and malicious power that delighted to cross his most deep laid designs. Of this malice he was beyond all other human beings the object. He was mocked with the shadow of power; and, when he lifted his hand to smite, it was struck with sudden palsy. To what purpose had heaven given him a feeling of injury and an instinct to resent, while he could in no case make his resentment felt! It was only necessary for him to be the enemy of any person, in order to that person's being insured against the reach of misfortune. What insults, the most shocking and repeated, had he not received from this paltry girl! And by whom was she now torn from his indignation? By that devil that haunted him at every moment, that crossed him at every step, that fixed at pleasure his arrows in his heart, and made mows and mockery at his insufferable tortures.
There was one other reflection that increased his anguish and made him careless and desperate as to his future conduct. It was in vain to conceal from himself that his reputation would be cruelly wounded by this event. He had imagined that, while Emily was forced into this odious marriage, she would be obliged by decorum, as soon as the event was decided, to draw a veil over the compulsion she had suffered. But this security was now lost, and Mr. Falkland would take a pride in publishing his dishonour.
Though the provocations he had received from Miss Melville would in his opinion have justified him in any treatment he should have thought proper to inflict, he was sensible the world would see the matter in a very different light.
To be continued.

WE have been unavoidably obliged to leave out several articles, which had been prepared for the press. One of these is the conclusion of remarks on the speech of Governor Morris, embracing what we have farther to say concerning the merits of the late judiciary bill. Regret has been expressed that these observations were not all published, along with those upon Mr. Breckenridge, at one and the same time. The thing was impossible; because no single number of a newspaper could have contained them. We shall upon all occasions endeavour to do the best that we can for the entertainment of the reader. And—as for our imperfections, he who will not forgive, cannot hope to be forgiven.
In last week's paper, it was said that Mr. Marks Vandevall voted in 1799, for general Marshall. This gentleman has since remarked that he was not a freeholder, till three days after the election was over.
Mistakes of this kind are unavoidable; and we here feel a particular pleasure in the duty of correcting them.
ON Wednesday last, at five in the evening, a considerable number of citizens assembled at the capitol. The reason of calling this meeting was to determine for what candidate, the republicans should agree to vote. Mr. Rind and Mr. Hay, are the two candidates on that side. Dr. Adams stands alone on the other. The republicans, are the most numerous party; that is to say, since it was known that Mr. Adams was to be turned out. Upon this prospect before them, a number of weathercock characters veered into the ranks of victory; and have now the hardness to bawl out, concerning their uniform adherence to the cause of freedom. Eh!
The business was opened by major Duvall. He wished, he said, to give offence to no party. He advised the republicans to avoid a division of their voices, between the two candidates, and to act with that unanimity, that moderation, that firmness, which the occasion demanded.
Mr. George Smith recommended an adjournment, as the meeting was not sufficiently numerous.
Mr. Henry Banks approved of this motion from a different reason. He condemned the idea of causes to settle before hand what was to be done. He predicted, (and his prediction was accomplished with the utmost precision and rapidity) that the meeting would produce nothing but mutual animosity, and general confusion. He also remarked that the example of the capital might spread into the country. The freedom of election would thus be gradually destroyed; and then farewell to liberty.
Mr. Harvey made a long speech; but we cannot find room for even one sixth part of what might be printed. This gentleman recommended Mr. Hay, because Mr. Rind had deserted his party. As a proof of this, he produced a Baltimore newspaper. In this there was reprinted Mr. Rind's letter to the citizens, which our readers have seen. The printer then remarked that Mr. Jefferson's popularity was going down hill in Virginia; and he gave, as an evidence of it, this letter from Mr. Rind. We admire the independent spirit of that letter, as coming from a man that does not truckle to either party. But as for a desertion of Mr. Jefferson, it has no more to do with that, than with Newton's Fluxions. The republicans in congress, with Mr. Giles at their head, are just now knocking down the mint. This was an establishment first recommended to congress by Mr. Jefferson, in a report which is printed, and which we have read. It is now seven years ago, since Mr. Madison, the present secretary of state, told the writer of this article that he had always considered the mint as a superfluous establishment. But does it, from all this, follow that Mr. Madison, and Mr. Giles are at variance with Mr. Jefferson? Have not the whole gentlemen at the bar of Philadelphia, with Mr. Dallas, Mr. Jefferson's own attorney general in the front of them, memorialized both houses of congress in favour of Mr. Adams's judiciary system? And is Mr. Dallas to be told that he is a DESERTER? In the name of all that distinguishes man from an inferior animal, we ask you, citizens of Richmond! if such groundless, such self-blasted calumnies are to be dubbed arguments for excluding Mr. Rind? Vote for Mr. Hay, and welcome! He is a most able and proper man. But do not reject Mr. Rind for reasons which are disgraceful only to those that make use of them.
You have read or heard perhaps of the very ingenious and valuable debates in the convention of 1788, in this city. If we understand Mr. Madison's speeches on that occasion, and if he explained the constitution correctly, the repeal of Mr. Adams's law was unconstitutional. Mr. Madison certainly
thinks so still. Hence, if you see it proper to call Mr. Rind a deserter, Mr. Madison also is a deserter!
Mr. Rind condemns the dumb majority of republicans, for refusing their successively in one day, to answer their antagonists. Has Mr. Jefferson said that he approves of this silence? Or is the president of the United States to be degraded into the drill sergeant, the feigle man of the majority battalion of the two houses of congress?
If to think for himself, and to speak what he thinks, is the mark of a deserter, then we are contented to acknowledge that we deserve such a character. "If this be federalism," said one of the auditors of Judge Chase in this city, "God protect me from it." If to say what one does not think is to be christened republican, we join in the deprecation.
Governor McKean is surely a republican. He has openly condemned the repeal of the judiciary act. Many of the most eminent law characters all over the continent, men whose political tenets are quite as well grounded as those of Mr. Harvey, and his friends, condemn the law. If all these persons are to be held as unorthodox of confidence, then the republican party, like Milton's Moloch, are chosen down to the waist. For what reason, therefore, should Mr. Harvey's little phial of vengeance be poured exultingly on the head of Mr. Rind?
If congress can do it, consistently with the public welfare, we should rejoice in seeing the whole tribe of federal judges swept from the face of the earth. We rejoice in the repeal of the late law. But this repeal would be dearly purchased by declaring that such men as Dallas, McKean, and thirty of the first lawyers in Philadelphia, are unfit for any public office whatever. We return to the capitol.
The meeting was chiefly occupied by a personal altercation between two gentlemen. To detail the particulars would be very easy, on our part; and to some people, it might be very entertaining. But the subject is delicate, and we forbear to meddle with it.
The meeting broke up; without coming to any conclusion.
PHILADELPHIA, March 29.
Extract of a Letter from a Gentleman in Baltimore to his friend in this city.
WITH much satisfaction I am enabled to inform you of news of the most pleasing nature. Advices from St. Domingo of the 4th of March, state, that the fortified camp of Toussaint had been carried, after a most sanguinary assault. It was defended by 36 pieces of cannon, and naturally strong. It was considered as impregnable, but nothing could withstand the ardour and intrepidity of the heroes of Italy. Thrice they advanced against this well defended entrenchment; and thrice were they repulsed. Animated, however, by their hard earned laurels, and headed by general Le Clerc, victory dawned upon their efforts, and they planted their standards amidst heaps of slaughtered negroes. This victory, though dearly bought, is of much importance, as the terrified negroes have fled in every direction, nor will the influence of Toussaint have any effect in rallying them again to the hazard of destruction. The war may be considered as really finished, though yet nominally in existence.
St. DOMINGO.
Extract of a letter from Baltimore to Dr. Bayard of Wilmington.
A FRENCH Corvette arrived here from Cape Francois, which the left on the 21st of February, brings information, that Christophe, Dessalines, Bunel, secretary to Toussaint, and his wife, a negroes, with 800 negroes, have been taken, and put into chains; that there are 4000 men [French workmen, sent by Buonaparte] employed to rebuild the houses burnt, and all will soon be repaired; that Christophe, Dessalines, Bunel, a white man, and his wife a negroes, belonging to Mr. Elève, are confined in irons, in the hold of a vessel. General Le Clerc assures, that by the 26th. of February, Toussaint and all his band will be taken; they are surrounded on the mountains near the Cape, where they had taken refuge. An embargo is laid on every port in the colony, and will not be taken off until Toussaint is taken. Numbers of the negroes have come into the cape, and numbers are daily coming in. I hope soon to hear of the total defeat of all those Brigands. The fleet had 42,000 men; and we expect every day the Holland vessels, the fleet from L'Orient, Rochfort and Toulon, to arrive. It is said that the fleet under the command of Gantheaume, with the troops of Egypt and arrived. I calculate, that in a little time we will have more than one hundred thousand men at the Cape, and St. Domingo.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Port Republican, to his friend in this city, dated February 22, 1802.
ON the 2d. instant, six sail of the line and two frigates, with troops directly from France, hove in sight of this place. On the 3d. the French general sent on shore one of his aids de camp with dispatches for Toussaint,
the moment he landed he was put under arrest. The troops began to land on the 4th, about fourteen miles below this town; and in coming to it took, without firing a gun, a fort called Bizaton. About sun set they arrived at Leogane. A smart battle ensued, in which the whites lost between 100 and 150 in killed and wounded; but in the course of an hour, repulsed the blacks, who took to the mountains and plains, burning all before them. They have assassinated all the whites both in L'Archaye and Leogane. The town of Croix de Bougent was burnt, and 400 out of about 600 of its inhabitants missing; supposed to have been murdered; some few have come in with from eight to fifteen bayonet wounds in their bodies. One had half of his jaw cut away by the stroke of a sword.
Neither the hills of Leogane nor L'Archaye can at this moment be seen for the smoke arising from sugar plantations now on fire. Provisions are rising daily. From the 5th. instant, flour has risen from eight dollars to sixteen; pork from eighteen to thirty, and all others in proportion.
The two brigands Toussaint and Dessalines, are going through the country like roaring lions, burning, killing, and destroying. They have returned without the French aid de camp; it is supposed he has been murdered with the rest of his unfortunate companions.
FROM CAPE FRANCOIS.
(From the PHILADELPHIA GAZETTE.)
ARRIVED yesterday morning, the brig Mentor, capt. Girard, from Cape Francois which place he left on the 22d. ult.
We have conversed with a gentleman passenger in the Mentor, from whom we learn, that no particular accounts of the military operations in the interior, had been received at the cape at the time of his departure. Several skirmishes had taken place; and the reports, which we recently stated, of several thousand of the blacks being killed in an engagement, was in currency; but nothing official or authentic on the subject had transpired. It seems, that with a view to conciliate his enemy, the French general had given permission to Toussaint's son's to depart and see their father, with liberty either to remain with him or return to the protection of the French. The forces which arrived at the cape, were supposed not to exceed 15,000, nearly one half of whom had failed round to different points of the island.
On the morning of the Mentor's sailing, an embargo was laid on all American vessels, by order of the French admiral; in consequence, it is said, of a quantity of specie being found on board one in the harbour, which it was supposed, had been clandestinely taken from the town during the confusion of the 4th. ult.
The ship American, Craig, of and for this port, failed from the cape the day before the Mentor.
WASHINGTON CITY, Friday, March 26th. 1802.
WE understand that a convention between the United States and Great Britain has been concluded, which terminates all the existing differences under the sixth article of the British treaty.
In this convention, it is stipulated that all claims of British subjects on the American government under the sixth article shall be commuted into an obligation of the United States to pay to the British government 600,000 pounds sterling, in three annual payments, the first instalment to be paid one year after the final ratification of the convention.
On the other hand, claims of American citizens for spoliated property are to be adjusted, as provided for under the British treaty, and payment to be made therefor by the British government at London, at the above periods.
The following particulars of late events in Egypt are translated for the Mercantile Advertiser from a Paris paper of the 22d of January, 1802.
CONSTANTINOPLE, 9th December.
THE Porte, ever since the beginning of this war, had secretly determined to alter the government of the Bays in Egypt; and to conceal this project till more effectually, every demonstration from the grand Vizier and captain Pacha were wholly calculated to persuade them of their approaching re-establishment.
After the evacuation of Egypt, seven of these Bays were invited to Alexandria, that they might advise upon the project of their re-establishment; they very readily complied with the request. They were received with marks of the highest distinction; but the captain Pacha soon intimated to them that it was the will of the Porte they should renounce forever the government of Egypt. He, at the same time, informed them they would be removed to Constantinople; assuring them, however, that not only no attempt would be made against their lives; but even their station in the Ottoman empire would not be less brilliant, as it was the intention of the Porte to preserve their properties, or equivalents, to them, and moreover to invest them with honorable offices.
The same assurances were transmitted to the general in chief, Hutchinson.
The grand Vizier being apprized by an express from the Ottoman admiral, that he had made sure of seven of these Bays, caused all those within his reach to be arrested. Measures were so well taken that in less than an hour, these late rulers of Egypt were in his power. Two of them only, Mehemet-Elly-Bey, and Aboudiab-Bey, were able to make their escape. The first was in Upper Egypt, whither he had been sent to levy the imposts. His recall, under some pretence, raised a distrust in his mind; and instead of drawing near to Cairo, he had retired towards the interior of the country. Aboudiab, encamped in a village near Deize, being informed of the disgrace of his colleagues, betook himself to flight, but it is not known which way he went. Several other Bays have attempted to make their escape, but bodies of troops stationed at various distances, have seized them. Other detachments have been sent in pursuit of the Mamelukes of the two fugitive Bays, some of whom were every day brought in; many have perished in making resistance.
The grand Vizier held out to the Bays the same language as the captain Pacha.
This conduct has excited warm remonstrances on the part of the general in chief Hutchinson, and a new circumstance has determined him to take a still more active part in the cause of the Bays.
The captain Pacha had contrived to persuade those in his power to go on board one of his frigates; boats were taking them there; while, during the passage, the Bays began to repent of their too great confidence, and to fear some violence might be exercised towards them when once on board of the frigate. They commanded the officers who conducted them, to turn back; the officers, alleging the admiral's orders, refused complying with their demand. Upon which the Bays took to their arms to compel them; a conflict ensued, in which four of the Bays were killed and three wounded; several of the boatmen experienced the same fate.
On the first intimation of this catastrophe, general Hutchinson having ordered his troops under arms, addressed the most pointed reproaches to both the grand Vizier and captain Pacha, and menacingly demanded of the latter to deliver him the three wounded Bays.
The Ottoman admiral, in attributing the misfortune that had befallen the Bays to their own fault, and to their unfounded suspicions, justified himself in the measures to secure their persons, on the strength of the orders he and the Gr and Vizier had received from the Porte, after assurances had been obtained, that the court of London would not intermeddle in the resolutions of the Turkish government on that head; and that the intention of Great Britain in sending troops to Egypt were merely to assist in retaking that province, leaving to the Porte the entire management of establishing whatsoever form of government she might think most suitable.
Since these events, advice has been received of the grand Vizier having assembled at his residence the Bays in his power, and having even contrived to persuade Mehemet-Elly-Bey to return to Cairo, had succeeded to convince them of the necessity of submitting to the Porte, and has renewed to them the same promises and assurances for the safety of their persons and properties, and of the preservation of a brilliant station for them in the Ottoman empire; and in order to give to his word a more sacred and imposing character, he has sworn to the observance of it on the Koran, which he caused to be brought before him. He performed this action with the greatest solemnity. These measures of the grand Vizier have been productive of the happiest effect; the Bays have agreed to renounce Egypt, and to proceed to Constantinople; they have even proved their submission by an address to the grand Signior, which they have signed and forwarded to Constantinople by one of their officers. They have besides announced in writing, to general Hutchinson, their voluntary submission to the will of the Porte. The Porte establishes in Egypt the system of Pashas as in Europe; that province will be divided into four Pashalicks.
FROM GIBRALTAR PAPERS.
Received at New York, by the Roebuck.
GIBRALTAR, Dec. 25.
The following statement of an unpleasant circumstance which lately occurred in Egypt, we have received by H. M. S. Ajax; but hope that the extraordinary and unexpected step of the captain Pacha, said to be in consequence of orders from the Grand Vizier, (which will strike every English reader with horror,) has not been sanctioned by the Porte.
MASSACRE OF THE MAMELUKE CHIEFS.
THE 22d. of October, 1801, the day the Bays of the Mamelukes had fixed on to pay a visit to lord Cavan, and Sir Richard Bickerton, the Bays waited on the captain Pacha at his tent; about 10 or 11 o'clock. They were received with every mark of attention; and having told his highness of their intended visit

to the general and admiral, he begged them to take some refreshment, and added that he would afterwards accompany them; and, if the Beys had no objection, they would go in a boat by the lake Maroutis, and land near Pompey's pillar; this was agreed on, and they embarked in three different boats. The Pacha was in one of the boats, with the three chief Beys; and, after rowing a little way along shore, a Turk came to the beach with a bundle of papers, and hailed the Pacha, informing him, that he had dispatches from Constantinople. The captain Pacha made this an excuse for quitting the boat, and he left the Beys to go to Alexandria.
The account given by the Turks relates, that the Chiauffe in the boats, told the Beys he was ordered by the Sultan Selim; and the Mamelukes on hearing it first made the attack.
The Mamelukes say the first alarm they had was a discharge of musketry from an armed galley into the stern sheets of the boats. The truth of either story is not certain; however, the event has proved fatal to five Mameluke chiefs undermentioned.
Osman Bey Tambouagi; Osman Bey Alafki; Mahomet Bey, picked up on the lake 24th October; Mourad Bey; Ibrahim Kiaheel.
All the others were wounded and secured; Osman Bey Badicil, was very severely wounded.
The captain Pacha communicated to general Hutchinson the steps he had taken; and the general immediately placed a brigade of troops round the Pacha's tent; and gave him till 8 o'clock the next morning to restore the Beys he had seized. The captain Pacha shewed marks of grief at what had been done, but declared the measures to be in obedience to the grand Vizier; general Hutchinson was determined to protect the Mamelukes.
23rd October, 1801. The surviving Beys and the bodies of three of the five who were massacred, viz:
Osman Bey Tambouagi, Osman Bey Alafki, Ibrahim Kiaheel; were restored to general Hutchinson; the two others had been thrown overboard. This being done, the guard was taken from the Pacha's tent; the bodies of the deceased were interred near the Grand Mosque in Alexandria, under a fire of minute-guns from Fort Greton, and Cafarelli; and a salute of 17 guns, and three volleys of musketry, were fired over the grave, with other military honors, and marks of respect to their rank. The night of the 23rd, seven Mameluke officers, who had come into Alexandria by land, to meet the Beys, took refuge on board the Madras, fearing the cruelty of the Turks would not be satisfied with the blood of their chiefs, but that they would seek to assassinate their followers.
The Pacha took the horses of a small party of Mamelukes, but they were restored.
MR. PICKERING.
(FROM A VIRGINIAN CORRESPONDENT.)
IT appears that Mr. Gallatin, the Secretary of the Treasury, has finished his labours as to many of the accounts, wherein it was alleged that such embezzlements and defalcations would be discerned. It will be remembered that Mr. Timothy Pickering was not only suspected, but accused of being a very great culprit. And it was alleged that such a man as Gallatin, if the chance should be given to him, would be able to reduce the accusation to a certainty. Mr. Gallatin has had the chance, and after 13 months examination, behold! he has discerned that, by the prudent and judicious conduct of Mr. Pickering, he has gained 14000 dollars for the United States in the remittances to Holland, every dollar of which he might have pocketed, if he had thought proper. In justice to the character of Mr. Pickering, and for the sake of truth, this information is given.
STAGE COACHES.
ON Thursday the first current, the Stage Coach from Norfolk had one of its wheels broke off, about three miles from Richmond. Happily none of the passengers were hurt. On the subject of Stage Coaches and High Roads, we have extracted the following observations from The Annual Register for 1796:
FROM canals, our enquiry proceeds of course to high-roads. Among the monuments of wisdom and magnificence that distinguished the ancient Romans, none were more deserving of praise than their attention to the state of public roads. As soon as a province had been conquered, a demarcation of high-ways began; and it was often executed on a plan so durable as to leave at a distance all modern imitation. No such panegyric can be safely bestowed on the greater part of the high-roads in the United States. In remote parts of the country, good roads can hardly as yet be expected. But between large towns, they might surely be kept in tolerable order. Those from Philadelphia to Baltimore exhibit, for the greater part of the way, an aspect of savage desolation. Chasms to the depth of six, eight, or ten feet, occur at au-
merous intervals. If, as in other civilized countries, we have commissioners of high-roads, they seem to maintain some private understanding with the practitioners of surgery. On Saturday, the 6th of February, 1796, a stage coach left Philadelphia for Baltimore, at seven o'clock in the morning. The distance is little more than an hundred miles. The weather was, for the first four days, excellent; nor had there been any remarkable fall of rain or snow for some time preceding to break up the highways. Yet it was not till the Wednesday following that the passengers reached Baltimore. From Philadelphia to Newport, the roads were tolerable. On quitting the latter place, they became frightful. A little beyond Hayre-de-Grace, the axle-tree of the carriage broke through, on a part of the high-way which chanced to be perfectly smooth. This was owing to the enormous number of passengers, and still more to the quantity of trunks and boxes which were, beyond all reason, crammed into and behind the coach. As no other coach could be had, the travellers and their baggage were stowed into a waggon, and driven to the next stage, after being forced to walk several miles on foot, before even a waggon could be found; one old gentleman, who could not stir, being for some hours left alone in the broken coach. The driver of the waggon affirmed that the passengers and their baggage did not weigh less than thirty-five hundred weight. On the evening of the same day, being the fourth of the journey, another carriage overset with them. Some ladies, and other people in it were dangerously hurt. The company passed the greater part of the night in a wood, where they contrived to kindle a fire, and where they were during the whole time in the midst of a shower of rain and snow. About day-light, or before it, they reached a miserable ale-house three miles from Baltimore, where the author, who had been soaked to the skin, was refused permission to dry himself at the kitchen stove. On coming to Baltimore, the whole company had determined to publish an account of their treatment in the daily prints, but on applying to an editor for that effect, he declined taking notice of the affair, because the masters of the stage coaches might impede the circulation of his newspapers. It was understood that the same answer would be received from other printers, and therefore the design was dropped. Now, in the name of all that is rational, what can be the use of the press, if persons dare not publish a complaint of such infamous treatment? A stage coach, like those used on the Baltimore road to Philadelphia, with a load of thirty-five hundred weight, was dreadful work. A passenger might well have exclaimed with Falstaff's fair one, "I would rather be a giantess, and lie under mount Pelion." After paying eight dollars for a seat in the coach, the passengers were, besides the waste of useful time, put to a considerable extra expense, by staying almost five days on the road, when the whole journey ought to be despatched, even in winter, within two days at farthest. In summer, it should not take up more than one day. Some of the travellers in the above coach would rather have returned to Philadelphia on foot, than have entered it again. But this alternative was to be attended with wading up to the chin, or swimming across different streams, which have not yet been thought worthy of a bridge. In the month of February, neither wading nor swimming is extremely comfortable. This expedition was just like the greater part of those made during winter between Philadelphia and Baltimore. The complaint is not confined to a single journey, and much less to a single passenger. Many coaches were, last season, overturned. Many passengers were severely bruised. It is affirmed that a driver, and a child were at different times killed. Through a large proportion of the United States, travelling is alike perilous. Many excellent horses are annually destroyed by the absurd attempt of owners of stage coaches to overload and overwork them. Interest as well as gratitude, requires humane treatment of an animal to whom mankind are indebted for so many both of the necessaries and luxuries of life. Notwithstanding the divine charter granted to the antediluvian navigator, and to which an appeal is so frequently made in defence of cruelty to inferior animals, mankind have no more title to inflict wanton torture upon a horse than upon a negro, or indeed a white man. The Holy Scriptures contain many passages, wherein tenderness to the brute creation is affectingly recommended. Yet though the English language has perhaps twenty thousand printed sermons, it will be hard to find so much as one of them devoted to this important subject. It signifies nothing, or very little, to make children learn by heart whole sheets of a catechism, unless they are habituated to sympathize with misery. When the school boy savage is encouraged or permitted to hang dogs and cats, to pick out the eyes of a sparrow, and to shoot a plover, not for the pleasure of eating but of killing, experience and age cannot fail of maturing this pupil into a complete barbarian. He is then fit to be an English bishop imprisoning dissenters, an English lieutenant of the navy, boarding an American ship at the head of a press-gang, an English judge on the Algerine
bench of Bermuda, or an English Governor of Canada, with his face blacked, conducting the Wyandots to an assault on Fort Recove-ry.
About two years ago, the Apostolical Assembly of the State of Delaware, passed a law forbidding stage coaches to cross their hands' breadth of territory on Sunday. The proprietor or driver of such a carriage, is liable to imprisonment for six months, and a fine of fifty pounds. No man of sense can assign a reason for this statute. When travellers are obliged, on such an account to stop at Newport or Wilmington, they are not likely to spend their time in a way more respectful to the christian religion than if they were permitted to proceed. As they must halt at a tavern, some of their libations will be offered up in a stile not of the utmost reverence either for the law itself, the legislature which made it, or the pretence which gave it birth. If this assembly had attempted to form a plan for improving the high-roads, and for making decent bridges over the streams that intersect them, they would have been at least as honorably and advantageously employed, both for their constituents and themselves. It is to be hoped that the contemptuous pity of their fellow citizens will compel them to rend a sinner this rag of superstition.
The magistrates of Philadelphia or Baltimore might with equal justice prohibit the inhabitants of either of those two places from riding in carriages, or on horseback, on Sundays. Such an order would be regarded as the height of impertinence, and as something very like oppression. The state of Delaware has no pretensions to superior refinement in piety, or superior purity of morals. The law in question subjects travellers to much unnecessary trouble and expense. It is indeed frequently broken. But we had much better retain a silly law than run the hazard of penalties and confinement by the breach of it.
About three years ago, a bill passed in the legislature of Pennsylvania, for the construction of a high road from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The persons who first undertook this business, discovered consummate ignorance of its very rudiments. Their plan was to lay the largest stones which could be found, in the bottom, and then heap earth upon them; by this means, when a shower of rain looked the ground, a horse would sink his leg through it, and then break it between the stones at the bottom. Happily for the country, Mr. John Curwen, an English gentleman, who had a farm near the side of the road, persuaded the company to let him try the task. He began with a bottom of common earth: he then broke the stones into the bigness of about a man's fist, and formed of them a concave layer about eighteen inches deep. This road, with a small expence for repairs, will endure for centuries. The distance from Philadelphia to Lancaster, during bad weather, is in reality shortened by one half, and the whole has been completed at the moderate expence of about fifteen hundred pounds per mile.
BRITISH JACOBINS.
ON the 20th of December, 1798, Mr. Pitt introduced in the British house of commons, a bill for a continuance of the suspension of the Habeas Corpus act. On the second reading of this bill, Mr. Courtney stated that there were, at this time, above seventy persons confined in consequence of the suspension. Had there not been time enough to bring most of them to a trial? Two terms had passed, since most of them were apprehended. The people confined under the authority of this suspension had been treated with unexampled rigour and inhumanity. Desirous of obtaining information upon the subject, he had procured an order to see one of the prisons in which persons were confined on the reports of spies and informers. He found that the worst of criminals had never been so treated, in this country, as in the present instance. The prisoners were locked up in cells without fire, and without candle. They had only a truckle bed. The only means afforded for the admission of light, let in also the cold and rain. They had no society whatever. In this situation they remained the whole of their time, excepting for an hour each day. Sir Francis Burdett asked what must be the situation of a cell seven feet square, after a person had been confined in it some hours, or when persons were confined in it for many weeks, without being permitted to go out but for a few minutes to wash themselves. In those cells, there was no wood or paper to keep the persons confined from the contact of the wall; and in wet weather, or after a frost, it was evident that a brick wall must be so damp, as to be extremely unsalutary, where no fire was allowed. A number of persons had been brought up to town from Manchester. They were loaded with irons. Their legs were much swelled. When lodged in prison, their irons were knocked off with lithculy; and then they were thrown into places quite unprepared for their reception. They were not permitted to be seen by any person. For the second reading of the bill go, against it.
Mr. Pitt, the father of those enormous barbarities, was at length turned out of his office.
He forefaw that a day of reckoning might arrive. To shelter this criminal from public vengeance, there was brought forward a Habeas Corpus INDEMNITY BILL. On June 5th, 1801, the house of commons took up this subject. Upon that occasion, Mr. Grey spoke as follows:
"I declare to God, that if I were called upon this moment to choose between immediate death, and suffering three years of imprisonment in the pestilential vapours of a damp and loathsome dungeon, condemned to famine, to disease, to insult, and to personal violence; deprived of pen, ink and paper, and precluded from all intercourse with friends, or the more tender and endearing connections of my family, except in the view of ruffian turnkeys, and unfeeling guards, I should prefer to be this moment led to execution. And yet, all this have many individuals suffered, without proof of their guilt to this hour. And now, even the consoling hope under all those sufferings, that a day of reckoning and reparation would come, was to be blasted, and their oppressors indemnified from all responsibility, left legal measures of reparation should be vexatious to them. He asked before, was this justice? He would ask now was it policy? Or whether such treatment was not likely to pervert men into conspirators?" The bill of indemnity past both houses; and Mr. Pitt and his gang of associates, may now bid defiance to enquiries and to justice; unless a British revolution shall parade their heads, upon as many poles, along the streets of London.
The above particulars have been copied from the debates of parliament, as published before the face of government. Much has been said in this country, concerning the atrocity of conspiring against that political system. If those prisoners were guilty of committing the offences charged against them, it was the duty of Mr. Pitt to have brought them to trial; and if they could have been convicted, there can be no question that they would have been arraigned, condemned, hanged, drawn and quartered, without delay and without mercy. The extreme length of their imprisonment is the best evidence of their innocence. The act of indemnity proves that the minister entertained suspicions as to the regularity of his conduct, and the approbation of his countrymen. The mode of confinement was so wantonly savage that we do not wish to hear the arguments of any man, who can have the hardness to defend it. In the course of the debates upon this subject, it was well observed that if the confinement of those persons was requisite for the public safety, they could at least have been supplied with decent lodgings, at the petty expence of three or four hundred pounds sterling per annum.
Three years of imprisonment in a stinking hole, seven feet square, would form a very reasonable poffcript to the history of the Bastille. In the midst of such doings, it would require an uncommon portion of effrontery for an English writer to prattle about French despotism.
Much has been said as to the English Habeas Corpus act. This goes for nothing, when a governing faction can suspend it with impunity. As little can be trusted to the privilege of impeachment, when the same band of tyrants that have perpetrated volumes of oppression, can entrench themselves behind an act of indemnity. The force of liberty, and the tragedy of despotism, are thus completely rounded. At the same time, the newspaper-printers of London feel a painful sympathy with the fate of the French nation, groaning under the fetters of the first consul.
In our next paper, this question shall be canvassed, whether arbitrary imprisonment without sufficient cause, and ultimate discharge without trial, have not existed under the federal government?
In the mean time, we beg leave to remind congress of the poor man mentioned by Mr. Rutledge, of whom we have already spoke, and who has been imprisoned five years, for a debt which he has incurred to the United States.
MR. BAYARD.
Another important occasion of honest forbearance by Mr. Bayard may be recorded also.
Shortly before the administration of Mr. Adams ended, Mr. Bayard was recommended by him as ambassador to France; the senate approved; so that Mr. Bayard might have immediately drawn from the treasury, 18000 dollars for one years salary and outfit. Instead of this, he did nothing until Mr. Jefferson took the helm. Mr. Bayard then discovered that the appointments would not be continued by Mr. Jefferson; and he with great propriety and honesty permitted the money to remain in the treasury.
Thus it appears that the treasury of the United States is richer by 32000 dollars than it would have been, if Mr. Pickering and Mr. Bayard had used to their own advantage the benefit which the law did allow. So that it appears that some of the most leading federal characters are not only much better than they have been represented, but have acted with a degree of honesty and honor which deserves public notice and applause.

Account of Port au Prince, extracted from a work published in 1707, By Dr. Hector Lenn, Assistant Inspector of Hospitals for St. Domingo.
The towns of St. Domingo, especially Port-au-Prince, are admirably calculated for the purposes of commerce. Considerations of health gave way to the schemes of avarice and the convenience of attaining riches. It must be confessed, that the French made the utmost of every situation they occupied, and improved them as far as they were capable of improvement; their streets were wide, extensive, and open, a chain of virandas, or piazzas, sheltered from the sun, connected all the houses, under which the passenger could walk free from every inconvenience: a row of trees on either side of the street refreshed the eye, and gave a rural appearance to the whole; whilst streams of water flowing along, carried off any impurities, which in spite of every care, might accumulate. The French have taken great care to supply all their towns amply with water; a great consideration in hot countries, but which we neglect in our colonies in a remarkable manner. But notwithstanding these endeavours on the part of the French, they occupied situations, which could not be rendered healthful by any means they employed. Port-au-Prince is one of those. It is placed at the bottom of an immense bight, which pushes itself into the heart of St. Domingo. The site of the lower part of the town is, in fact, on a marsh gained from the sea, the skirts of which are covered with weeds or mangroves, where decomposed animal and vegetable matters are promiscuously thrown; on these the sun exerts its power, and the breeze conveys the noxious particles with a new activity to the lungs and bosoms of the inhabitants. But this is not all: the sea breeze, which in other situations is hailed as the genial source of refreshment and health, is here interrupted; the island of Gonaive is so placed in the mouth of the harbor, as, in a great measure, to intercept this salutary gale; and, before it arrives at Port-au-Prince, it loses its usual coolness by passing over heated lands and gathering in its course noxious vapours. This necessarily results from the inland situation of the town. Besides these manifest causes of ill health, Port-au-Prince is exposed to the action of others. It is placed on a level, on the verge of the bight, and surrounded by very lofty mountains, from the bottom of which a horizontal plain stretches towards the town. Torrents of water, in times of rain, rush through this plain, and retain their impetuosity till they reach the sea. The land is moistened, but after the torrents cease, the water stagnates: small streams, attaining a horizontal level, lose the impetus acquired in their descent, they linger in the plain, and by mingling with the soil form a marsh. On this marsh a vigorous sun acts daily and evaporates its noxious particles, which are conveyed to the lungs of every one that breathes, and applied to their skins, and probably in this manner communicate with the blood. This is a never ceasing cause of disease, a nursery constantly rearing mortal poison. In every inspiration, we draw into our bosom a column of air thus impregnated; in every step we walk, a fresh application of these particles is made to our bodies; it is no wonder then, that on this fatal spot the British troops caught fever in each treacherous breeze.
MARENGO; OR, THE CAMPAIGN OF ITALY;
[Continued from our last.]
LET me not be accused of exaggeration in painting this prodigious falling off, the causes of which are very easily to be made known. A third of the army was actually put hors de combat: the deficiency of carriages for removing the sick and wounded occasioned the necessity for more than another third to be occupied in this painful service; not to
speak of the plausible pretext this circumstance afforded to certain individuals (of which an army always contains more or less) to absent themselves at so unseasonable a conjuncture from their respective corps. Hunger, thirst, and fatigue, had imperiously forced a great number of officers to withdraw also; and every one knows what effect the absence of officers occasions. The tirailleurs also had, for the most part, lost the direction of their corps: in short, what remained of the army, occupied in vigorously defending the defile already mentioned, knew nothing of what passed behind them. But let us return to the sanguinary picture.
In this awful moment, when the dead and the dying covered almost the whole field, the Consul seemed to brave death, and to be near it; for the bullets were seen more than once to drive up the ground between his horse's legs. In the midst of warriors, who fell on every side of him, he was noted to be giving his orders with his accustomed sang-froid: he saw the approaching tempest without testifying any fear of it. All those who perceived him, forgetting the perils which they had to encounter, exclaimed, S'il alloit s'en aller pourquoi ne se retire-t-il pas? signifying their unwillingness that he should so endanger his person. It is said, too, that Berthier addressed him to the same effect. I had the curiosity to listen attentively to his voice, and to examine the traits of his countenance. The most courageous man, the man loving glory as he does, might very well be moved, without any imputation of a crime. But no; the Buonaparte, of Areola and Abukir discovered no change in those moments of doubtful fortune.
Any one who, in those circumstances so terrible to the French army, might have said, that in two hours from that time we should gain the battle; take 10000 prisoners, many General officers, five stand of colors, forty pieces of artillery; have eleven strong places delivered into our hands by the enemy, in fact, all the finest part of Italy: that in two days that enemy would, in a humiliating condition, file off through our ranks; that an armistice would suspend the scourge of war; and, perhaps, finally bring about peace and safety to our country: such silly hopes and predictions, such a man, I repeat, would have appeared, by as if only desirous to insult our desperate condition. How then, were such wonders brought about? But we will follow the course of our narrative.
The enemy, not being able to force the defile upon which the greatest part of our fighting troops had doubled, began to re-establish a most formidable line of artillery, under protection of which they threw their infantry into the vineyards, and into the woods. The cavalry, drawn up in the rear, only waited the moment of our being drawn out, to fall upon our dispersed ranks and hew them to pieces. Had this last misfortune happened to us, all had been lost irretrievably; the Consul must have been taken or killed; we would all have preferred to die rather than survive him. But victory was not far distant. Faithful to Buonaparte, she came at length to abide with us, and to be our guide. Already had the divisions of Monnier and Desaix began to show themselves. Notwithstanding a forced march of ten leagues, they arrived on a full gallop; they forgot their wants, and only thirsted to avenge their fallen comrades. The crowd of wounded and runaways might well enough have damped their courage; but, with eyes fixed on Desaix they, only thought of sharing his dangers and flying to glory; Alas! they were far from thinking that, in an hour, they would cease to be commanded by that brave general. The foot grenadiers appeared again, covered with renown, and menacing, with their terrible bayonets, those who, a short time past, had bargained for their caps * beforehand.
I come now to take notice of a fault of General Melas. On discovering, from the most distant point, these reinforcements, hope and joy entered our hearts; whilst the enemy, harassed and fatigued by his own success, which had cost him very dear, was always stopped
by our brave troops, by those who, without knowing of the succours which were about to arrive, were resolved to perish in this new Thermopylae, rather than make a retrograde step.
General Melas, then finding too many obstacles in the centre, thought that by extending his wings he might surround us, and thereby entirely cut us off. He therefore directed great part of his force to these points, imagining he had sufficiently concealed his movements, and that he should be quite able to check us by his artillery. Thus, not being able to discover what passed with us, and ignorant of these reinforcements which had just arrived, he laid the foundation of his own disaster. In fact, Buonaparte, always placed in the post of honor, and whose perspicacious eye nothing escaped, seized this favourable opportunity: his orders flew every where in a moment.
As soon as the first battalion of the division of Desaix had reached the heights, that general formed it in close column. Every one kept his prescribed distance, each received particular instructions. The Consul, the General in Chief (Berthier), the Generals, the Officers of the Staff, ran through the ranks, and every where inspired that confidence which precedes and creates great successes. This work took up an hour, which was a terrible one to pass; for the Austrian artillery was bearing cruelly upon us. Every discharge mowed down whole ranks. Their ricochet bullets carried away with them, both men and horses. They received death amidst them in this manner, without moving a step, except to close their ranks over the dead bodies of their comrades. This thundering artillery reached even the cavalry who rallied in the rear of us, as well as a great number of foot-soldiers of different corps, who encouraged by Desaix's division, which they had seen pass, ran anew to the field of honor. What was now to happen had been foreseen: was calculated upon: the battalions burnt with impatience; the drummer's eye fixed upon the drum-major's cane, waits for the signal; the trumpeter with his arm raised up prepared his breath. The signal is given; the terrible pas de charge is heard. All the corps are put in motion at once; the mettlesome fire of the French, like a torrent, carries every thing away with it that opposes its passage: in a few minutes the defile is freed from the enemy, who is every where thrown down; the living, the dead, and the wounded, are all trodden under foot.
Every chief of battalion, as he reaches the back of the defile, drew up his corps in battle order: and now our line presented a formidable front. As fast as the pieces of cannon could be brought up, they were employed in battery, and made great havoc, by their point-blank shot, among the affrighted enemy. These fell back in their turn, and their immense cavalry charged in a body with fury: but the musketry, the bayonet stopped them suddenly; and one of their powder waggons blowing up, their alarm redoubled: the rising disorder being hidden in the smoke, the exclamations of the conquerors add to the terror of the vanquished: in short, all are in a fright—all give way—all fly.
The French cavalry then rushed into the plain, and by its daring conduct concealed its smallness of number. It advanced towards the enemy without the least fear of being broken into. On the right, Desaix clears hedges and ditches, throws down, and tramples on every thing he meets with. To the left, Victor, his rival in swiftness, carries Marengo, and flies towards the Bornida.
The centre with less force, and the cavalry under the orders of Murat, and advance majestically into the plain, always within half-cannon's length. Murat greatly annoyed the center of the enemy, and by watching and following its movements, kept an enormous body of cavalry in check, which could only manœuvre under the fire of three eight pounders and a howitzer. Our infantry was ready to turn them, having a shorter
space to run over, in order to reach the bridge and thus cut off, in our turn, the principal point of their retreat. The intrepid Desaix having obliged to the right upon San Stefano, cut off the Austrian's left wing entirely; and in the same moment the younger Kellerman, with eight hundred horse, collected from various regiments, made six thousand Hungarian grenadiers prisoners. General Zach, the head of their staff, was made prisoner by a horseman of the 12th regiments.
Oh, grief to tell! it was then, in the very moment of his triumph, that after having saved the army, and perhaps his country, the friend and the model of brave men received a mortal wound! But let us suspend our affliction till after having finished our recital, when we will return and drop our tears on the ensanguined remains of this hero.
Night was coming on; the troops of the enemy in disorder: cavalry, infantry, artillery, were heaped one upon another towards the center; in the throng, many of their artillery, which they had drawn back at the commencement of our good fortune, for fear that by its being taken it might be turned against themselves, was, in the present circumstances, of more injury than use to them, as it interrupted their passage. Murat, seeing the importance of precipitating their retreat, and increasing their confusion, made us advance on a full trot; when we, in a short time, got before a part of their infantry, which had no resource but to be made prisoners, or to be cut to pieces. The horse-grenadiers, and the chasseurs of the guard, kept the right of the road, to the number of 2000, four or five hundred men of the 1st, 5th, 8th, dragoons, and 20th cavalry, occupied the left: Murat flew from one side to the other. The decisive moment was come: the chief of brigade Bessierre, filled with the same ardour which inspired us all, and, exciting a desire in each corps to distinguish itself, gave orders for the trumpeter to sound a charge; that we might fall upon the enemy's infantry, already out of breath.
The Austrian cavalry, resolving to save the infantry, came up to us in column, and their rapid pace obliged us to give loose to the reins. We inclined to the left, by obliquing on them. At the distance of about thirty paces, was a ditch, which again separated us. The crossing it, taking sword in hand, surrounding the two first platoons, all was but a work of five minutes: Stunned by this proceeding, and probably intimidated by the height of the men, whose hairy caps seemed to add to their natural stature, they but ill defended themselves, and were therefore cut down or thrown into disorder. We made no prisoners, nor did we take any horses: While all this was doing, the dragoons took the same column in flank, and added to the general carnage. They pursued them as far as the ravine, where they made a great many prisoners.
The paucity of our numbers, the unfavourableness of the ground, the night setting in, the extreme fatigue of our horses, weakened by hunger, and more especially as this action took place under the eyes of a numerous cavalry, who might take their revenge, the prudent Murat did not think it proper to let us expose ourselves further, to increase the fruits of so successful a day's work: besides which, our infantry, who arrived almost as soon as our tirailleurs, might not perhaps have time to rally, in case we had made a half-turn.
Thus ended this memorable day. The darkness deprived us of the means of securing all the wounded; a great number were left upon the field of battle. The Austrians and the French, now becoming brethren from sad necessity, drew nearer to each other, by crawling, as well as they could, and offering or seeking mutual aid.
Every one had lain where he was found, with his knapsack on his back, and his firelock between his limbs; horsemen holding, as long as they could, their bridle, in their hands, and sleeping; both horses and riders, without any thing to eat or drink.
To be continued.