The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1808-05-31 00:00:00

PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RECTOR, OPPOSITE THE POST-OFFICE, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
WILL BE SHORTLY PUBLISHED, from the Office of the ENQUIRER, in a Pamphlet—The ESSAYS over the Signature of "ONE OF THE PEOPLE," addressed to the late "PROTESTERS."
TO RENT—A convenient BRICK HOUSE near the Hay-Market—For terms apply to JAMES H. LYNCH.
NOTICE TO RACERS. THE POPLAR SPRING COURSE is nearly complete, and will be quite so by the 15th June, at which time the Races will begin, viz. 1st DAY—The Town Purse of $400, four mile heats, weight for age, for Nags of every description that never won a race of that amount or upwards—entrance $30.
IN CHANCERY—February Court, 1804—Fauquier County, to wit—Benjamin Rector, Complainant—Against Thomas Chapman, surviving executor of William Carr, dec'd. Defendant.
On the motion of the complainant by his counsel; It is ordered, that master commissioner Scott state, settle, and examine the accounts between the parties and make report thereof to the court, with such matters specially as he may think pertinent to the parties may require.
SALES AT AUCTION. ON Wednesday the first day of June next, at the late dwelling house of Marcus Elson, dec'd. will be sold, positively without reserve, his Stock of LEATHER, &c. Consisting of—30,000lb. Sole Leather, different qualities, A quantity of bridle and harness Leather, A quantity of horse, hog, & lamb skins, dressed, 75 sacks Salt, Coffee and Sugar, An excellent saddle Horse, Saddle & Bridle, One negro Man and two Women, A large parcel of Ropes, Rigging, &c.
WAR DEPARTMENT, MAY 12th, 1808—PROPOSALS in writing will be received by this department until the first day of August next, for manufacturing MUSKETS with BAYONETS, of the kind and dimensions manufactured at the United States' Armouries at Springfield, Massachusetts, and at Harper's Ferry, Virginia; every part to correspond in dimensions, materials, workmanship and proof with the samples, which will be given from one or the other of those armouries, or from Mr. Whitney's armoury at New Haven in Connecticut.
VALUABLE LANDS—The subscriber will sell, on a credit, or exchange for property in Richmond, or its neighborhood, the following LANDS, to wit: 322 acres in the state of Kentucky by survey, bearing date the 10th day of October 1797, lying and being in the district set a part for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on Little Barren river.
Also, 1060 acres in Kentucky, by survey bearing date the 10th October 1797, likewise lying in the district set apart for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on the North side of Little River, a branch of Cumberland River and about two and an half miles from the mouth of Little river.
Also, 430 acres of Land in the county of Mason, state of Virginia on Old Town Creek, about 6 miles from Mason courthouse. Indisputable titles will be made to the above mentioned Lands; and plots of each tract may be seen on application to the subscriber residing in Richmond.
NOTICE—persons All having claims against the estate of Cunningham Burton, dec'd are requested to produce them at the next June Husting Court for the City of Richmond, properly authenticated, as the court will then proceed to make distributions amongst the creditors. JOHN F. PRICE, Curator. Richmond, April 22.
THE Subscriber has opened a tavern in Manchester in the House lately occupied by Peter Leath, dec'd. now known by the sign of the Bell, and called the Bell-Tavern. He pledges himself to his friends and the public at large, that no attention shall be wanting to give general satisfaction—He is constantly supplied with the best liquors, and his stable well stored with provender, good beds and handy waiters to attend those who may please to call—and in order to give complete satisfaction to his country customers, keeps a constant supply of the best fodder for stable use. His prices are (in the present difficult times) as follows, viz.
Table with 2 columns: Item, Cents. Rows: For Dinner with plenty of good Toddy 50, For Lodging per night 17, For Breakfast or Supper 12, For keeping Horse 24 hours 67. Note: His spirits are sold but little higher than in stores. Great allowance will be made to those who may put up with him for a week or longer at a time both for man and horse. He would be glad to take 12 or 15 Boarders to Breakfast and Dine, at $13 per annum, and pledges himself they shall have no cause of complaint.
NATHL. CHILDERS. (64) RICHMOND TURNPIKE COMPANY—At a meeting of the directors of the Richmond Turnpike Company, on Saturday evening the 7th of May, 1808. Resolved, That the shares of all delinquent stock-holders in the company be sold on Saturday the eleventh of next month, at the Bell Tavern, in the city of Richmond.
A Copy N. SHEPPARD, Clerk. The stock-holders in the above Company are hereby notified that their annual meeting will be held at the Bell Tavern, in Richmond, on the first Monday in next month, which is the day fixed by the charter for their meeting.
SIMPSON MORRIS, opposite the Eagle-Tavern, respectfully informs the public that he still continues selling off under cost and charges till the whole of the stock is sold and wishes the public not to lose this opportunity as goods are daily raising—The stock consists of the following articles, viz. 7-8 and 4-4 Irish Linen, Kenting, Linen and Cotton Cambrics, a large assortment of India & British Muslin, corded and cambric Dimity, large assortment of silk & cotton Hose, ladies silk Gloves, Damask Silk, Shawls, Black twilled Sarcenets, Florentine silk, printed Calico, Linen & Cotton Chequees, linen & cotton Cambric hifs. white & Black French laces, white and colored Marseilles and James, India Cotton and Wildboar, Bennet's patent Cord, Cassimere, Broad Cloth, Flannels, Dressing Boxes, and a number of other articles too tedious to enumerate.
FOR SALE, 121,000 acres of LAND in Kentucky county, in the forks of Great Sandy river: 24,000 do. in Tazewell county, on the waters of Clinch river: 20,000 do. in the county of Wythe, on Reed and Peak creeks: 1,000 do. in Randolph county, on the waters of Cheat river: Also, 30,000 acres of Virginia Land Warrants. The above will be sold very low, and great accommodation given in the payments. To RENT, a Brick House, on Shockoe-Hill, in a good neighborhood, and possessing every accommodation for a family. THOS: NORVELL.
MR. LE TELLER, DENTIST—In the house adjoining Mr. Edmund Randolph's near the Capitol, is now practising in the various branches of his profession, i. e. cleansing and restoring the teeth to their natural elegance, by removing that corrosive substance called tartar, which adheres to them in the form of a black or yellow crust, which is the cause of many teeth decaying, an offensive breath, and the corroder of the gums and sockets. He sets artificial ones so as to stand firm, being useful as well as ornamental, plugs the decayed cavities of such as can be preserved, and extracts such as are too far gone to be saved, in which operation he makes use of BAUFRE'S PATENT EXTRACTING INSTRUMENTS, which takes the teeth out without any possibility of fracturing the jaw or bruising the gums, and with much less pain than the instruments that are in general use; for which operation his price is one dollar, when done at his own house.
He deems it unnecessary to say anything concerning the advantage derived from the manner of his performance or his abilities, leaving it for his former operations to speak. He has DENTIFRICE prepared by himself of a superior quality for the preservation of the gums and teeth, void of corrosive substance. MR. LE TELLER wishes the public to have notice that as he has now made Richmond his permanent residence, all his prices are considerably lower than when he was only a visitor of the place. A line or servant directed to the aforesaid place will be attended to. May 6.
VALUABLE LANDS—The subscriber will sell, on a credit, or exchange for property in Richmond, or its neighborhood, the following LANDS, to wit: 322 acres in the state of Kentucky by survey, bearing date the 10th day of October 1797, lying and being in the district set a part for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on Little Barren river.
Also, 1060 acres in Kentucky, by survey bearing date the 10th October 1797, likewise lying in the district set apart for the officers and soldiers of the Virginia state line, on the North side of Little River, a branch of Cumberland River and about two and an half miles from the mouth of Little river. Also, 430 acres of Land in the county of Mason, state of Virginia on Old Town Creek, about 6 miles from Mason courthouse. Indisputable titles will be made to the above mentioned Lands; and plots of each tract may be seen on application to the subscriber residing in Richmond. THOMAS BOHANNAN.
THOMAS BOHANNAN. [Last]
DOMESTIC.
FROM THE EDITOR.
ESSAY ON THE RELATIONS OF THE U. STATES WITH G. BRITAIN.
Newspapers of a certain grade have multiplied so exceedingly in the United States of America and in England, that they have obtained an undue influence over the public mind. It appears as if all elemental studies were despised as derogatory to the character of a modern politician; for if we examine into the basis of those opinions which circulate freely in society, and have a prevailing influence on the community, we shall find, with very few exceptions, that the undigested speculations of our gazette writers are the real foundation of them all. The superintendents of those popular vehicles of information are themselves frequently defective in understanding and judgment—and in most instances are destitute of an education suitable for their business; they are consequently often the unsuspecting dupes of their own crude notions; the indefatigable authors of the most ludicrous conceits and absurd inventions of the imagination; and generally the incessant propagators of very pernicious doctrines. To this cause may properly be attributed the continued existence of that ignorance, which furnishes to knavish men a wide field for misrepresenting the best administration of the government: and which it will invariably afford, until the soil is weeded by abler hands.
Were men of good natural parts, improving by reading and reflection, to conduct these newspapers, they could not be rendered too extensively influential among the people; for they would then be the real conservators of social and political order, which is directly the antithesis of what they are at present. I do not indulge, and therefore will not propagate the hope, that this ever will be the case: But if any thing could conduce to a result so extremely desirable, it would be the transfer of our faith from the columns of erring gazettes to the pages of books of established veracity, and to the living volume of mankind.
There are few newspapers in England that are not devoted to some particular party; and they are therefore conducted in a style calculated to accomplish the views of a party, more than to communicate correct information to their readers. A very little observation is sufficient to convince the mind, that in all matters of British governmental policy, we cannot have a more delusive criterion to judge by, before the fact, than the English newspapers. The press exists under a feudal arrangement in Great-Britain, where the leading men are distinguished, not by the number of their vassals, as formerly, but by the influence of those gazettes which are retained for their service and animated for their aggrandizement. A British ministry, without the accomplishment of favorite presses, would make a figure quite as ludicrous as a troop of cavalry without a trumpeter; and the exertions of the most famous opposition would be speedily palsied, were they not continually enlivened by the tonic of a newspaper.
Yet the American gazettes in general, and some that occupy a very elevated position in the country, on all occasions seize the speculative contests of those English prints, and in a very grave and formal manner declare, like Sir Oracle, that we may rely upon them as infallible indications, according to their tendency, of hostility or friendship in the British government for the United States.
With regard to rotation in the ministerial offices, St. James is infinitely more versatile than the wildest democracy. In the United States we change our rulers in four years; and for a good man, the term is extended to eight: But the pious saint of Britain is so extremely whimsical that his officiating votaries are discarded as frequently in the period of one year. To regain their stations, they turn patriots till received once more into favor; when they push the incumbents from the chosen places in the ministerial temples, and these last set up for honest politicians in their turns. For in England, as Churchill said—
"Patriots and ministers are much the same,"
"The only difference after all their rout, Is, that the one is in, the other out."
Nothing good for Great Britain or America can proceed from this profligacy of principle; and it is the very pitia of folly to quote the sentiments promulgated in English prints in subservience to party views, as evidence of what we are to expect from such men as have ruled Great-Britain for a long time past. The go-ernment of the United States cannot confide in those persons: because it perceives that they are not so anxious to effect a solid and durable peace between the two countries, by a just settlement of essential points in dispute, as they are eager to gain and secure personal influence and power in the administration of British affairs, by making the questions at issue between the two nations instruments for their own individual elevation.
It often happens that the mass of the people, judging by the honest feelings of their nature, decide more correctly on great national questions than their rulers; particularly when the latter are governed by a selfish ambition, which makes their interest distinct from the welfare of the community. At this moment there seems to exist such a distinction between the subjects of the British empire and those who govern them—Whilst their valuable establishments in the East Indies are suffering by the loss of our trade in silver; whilst the industrious and spirited inhabitants of Ireland are trembling at the prospect of ruin to their linen productions, from the want of the usual supply of flaxseed from America; with at least 100 thousand manufacturers of England in a ferment, the English ministry are alone studious of plausible means for fomenting a downright and open quarrel with this country. The good people of the British empire know well enough their own interests: Like industrious bees laboring for the prosperity of the hive, experience has taught them that
this country is the choicest flower in the garden of the world for them to have access to. They are disposed to be friendly, to terminate all differences with us equitably, & to pursue their intercourse with us in good humor. But their feelings and opinions are disregarded by their proud, unyielding lords. So long as those wicked statesmen pursue so criminal a course, they will enjoy neither the confidence nor friendship of the government and people of these states; the very moment the subjects of the British monarchy shall purge the ministry of its present vicious politicians by forcible appeals to the king himself, or to parliament, and honest successors are appointed, whose probity and sincerity are unquestionable, and whose political pulses beat in harmony with those of the British people, they will find a lucrative and permanent connection with the Americans.
The British monarch could do no act that would more firmly establish the safety and succession of his throne, than that of consulting the inclinations of his subjects and selecting his ministers from among those men truly devoted to their interests. If the king is not already too completely in the power of a few corrupt nobles and commoners, he will on reflection, make haste to pursue a course so highly magnanimous: And the Prince of Wales himself, if he desires to enter on his reign with the blessings of those over whom he is destined to rule, will promote an object that will add dignity and splendor to his character, crown him with honorable & unaffected applause, and be an offering precious to the memory and gratifying to the shade of his illustrious instructor and friend, Charles James Fox.
I fear that there is not firmness sufficient in the king, nor virtue enough in the prince his son, to make such a noble exertion: and it is not difficult to say which are most to be commiserated, the unfortunate subjects who are doomed to submit in defiance of their just desires, or the royal personages who become the voluntary victims of their own imbecility. In the extremity of distress, the people have a remedy which must be decisive in their favor; and although they may suffer in the interim, they must eventually prove triumphant: But to the monarch & his race, in a general convulsion of the kingdom, a destiny might await them, which if not so ignominious as that of Charles the first, would at least be more rigorous than that of James the second.
In a question that involves the commercial interests of Great-Britain, we may safely appeal to the judgement of an English merchant; and particularly when he decides against his government. It is evidence of that kind which I now offer to the reader, and it will serve to exhibit not only the importance of our trade to the British, but like wise to demonstrate that the present embargo is a keen instrument that will amputate one of the most vigorous limbs of their mercantile body.
On the 23d of Feb. 1808, a numerous and respectable meeting of the merchants and inhabitants of Liverpool in England, interested in the trade of America, was held at the Royal Hotel in that city, in consequence of a requisition signed by a considerable number of the principal merchants: Mr. James Cropper was appointed chairman. The meeting having been formally opened, Mr. Rathbone delivered a very interesting speech. Among other things, he remarked, that "the distress which had arisen from our commerce being excluded from every port in Europe (except those of Sweden) was now aggravated by a new calamity. A general embargo has been laid on all the shipping in the ports of America. No inhabitant of the town could be insensible to the importance of this measure. No person could observe the almost daily arrival of American ships throughout the year; could see them landing their cargoes of the most essentially useful or necessary commodities and take back these very articles in a manufactured state which they had not long before brought as a raw material, without being struck with the extreme importance of this intercourse. Nearly 500 voyages were made from America to this port in the course of a year, in ships of which the burthen amounted to more than 123,000 tons. This traffic was of the first moment to the nation at large; but so peculiarly interesting to Liverpool, that there was scarcely an individual in the place that was not affected by it, directly or remotely."
I know not upon what grounds several gentlemen in the opposition could assert that our embargo made no impression upon the public mind in Great-Britain. The preceding statement of Mr. Rathbone is a convincing proof that the British merchants must be stupidly insensible to their own welfare if they did not manifest an extreme degree of anxiety on this point. But we are not permitted to doubt on the subject, for the same gentleman declared to the meeting, that "The West India Association of Liverpool had its delegates in London. The salt proprietors had sent up theirs. Memorials had been presented by the manufacturers. The London American merchants had not been inactive; and," continued the speaker, "shall those of Liverpool, by whom three fourths of the whole trade between Britain and America is carried on, lie asleep? Thus, instead of the existence of a general and rigid embargo in all our ports being considered by the commercial men of England as a thing indifferent to them, it has produced a general sensibility throughout the kingdom, and stimulated the mercantile and manufacturing classes to petition parliament for a change of measures."
There is no occasion for surprise at the manifestation of extreme sensibility by the inhabitants of Liverpool for the loss of our trade. The American ships which frequent that port expended annually, among the tradesmen of the town, in repairs and other necessities, to the amount of 150,000l. and were not less than 300,000l. yearly. Besides the government derived from the Liverpool portion of the American trade about 1,000,000l. per annum. What must not the Irish people also feel on the occasion? On the 11th of March last, in the British house of Commons Mr. Grattan said "Ireland depended upon the importation of flaxseed from America for the raw material for its staple com-
modity, the linen trade. It depended upon America for a great consumption of that manufacture. At the last linen markets in the metropolis of Ireland, not one fifth of the linens exposed for sale were purchased, and what were sold were at a depreciation of 50 per cent. for foreign and ten per cent. for home consumption." These are not mere speculative conceits, but solemn and impressive facts, which are demonstrative of the ruinous effects that our embargo will eventually produce to Great Britain.
Let us hear Mr. Rathbone a little further. He is a cool, calculating British merchant, and worthy of full faith. He said to the meeting at Liverpool, that "Great Britain now required every year a very large importation of corn and flour, which was commonly received from America and the Baltic. From the ports of the latter, we were now entirely excluded, and our supply would be equally cut off from the former, if the present embargo continued. The quantity imported from America into this port alone, last year, was 500,000 bushels of wheat, and 150,000 barrels of flour. Our last crop of wheat in this country had certainly been a good one, but in every other grain it had been greatly deficient."
Mr. Rathbone continues: "From Ireland no supplies of wheat were now coming forward; but, on the contrary, considerable shipments of wheat and flour were making to that country, which, in consequence of a deficient crop of corn and potatoes, she may continue to require. From no country, with which we were now in connection, could we receive any supplies; on the contrary, large shipments must be made for the supply of the West Indies. What reason had we to suppose that England, which had always required large importations, could be able, not only to do without, but export largely to her foreign possessions."
The West India islands of Great Britain may be capable of holding out a little time longer than the French and Spanish colonies in the same quarter, by means of the partial supplies they will receive from the parent country: But when Great Britain is herself exhausted by drains to Ireland and to the West Indies, we shall have the whole brood at our feet. The time cannot be far distant when this must happen: The people of America have merely to exercise a little patience, and they will prove triumphant.
But let us listen to Mr. Rathbone once more; for in a question of this kind, an honest Englishman cannot be too much attended to. He observes, that "the great grievance is, that American commerce on the ocean shall ever be regulated by the decrees of a foreign state on principles new and unprecedented, and not merely subjected to restraint, but to taxation." He asks then, in a manly spirit, "Is there an Englishman whose feelings would not revolt from such a power? Are there any sacrifices and privations that he would not think too great to make? And will we not suppose the same feelings in America?"
One more quotation from Mr. Rathbone, and I will leave him. Speaking of this country he demands, "Can we expect she will ever consent, that we shall dictate the terms on which her commerce shall traverse the wide ocean? Or that her ships shall be forcibly compelled to enter our ports, and be subject to taxation, in return for which they derive no advantage? On the subject of foreign taxation, America may naturally be expected to be jealous in the extreme. Will she who voluntarily encountered all dangers, struggled under all difficulties, endured all privations, submitted to all sacrifices, and largely expended both her treasure and her blood, rather than submit to taxation by a foreign state; will she, now that her independence has been acknowledged and established, submit to be taken by us? And is not the tonnage duty on her shipping, forcibly brought into our harbors, a direct, unjust and oppressive tax? Is it by such measures as these that we can hope to give value to our friendship, or to conciliate hers?"
I now turn to a meeting of merchants concerned in the American trade in the American trade, held in London at the city tavern on the 9th March last: Mr. A. Baring was in the chair. At this meeting the ministry took care to introduce a number of their partisans; and it is from a few remarks of one of them that I mean to shew the sentiments of the British government with regard to this country. The meeting was held for the avowed purpose "of considering and concurring in a petition to be presented to both houses of parliament against the bill relative to the orders in council." The ministerial party raised a loud outcry against the proposed petition: Among others who spoke on that side was a Mr. Lushington, who, I believe, a member of Parliament. He said, "He thought the Americans were becoming too rich and proud. They were increasing in population, commerce and naval stores, and it was fit and proper to check their growth." I always like a man to speak out; for then we can understand him. Lushington on having been on this occasion the mouth-piece of the British ministry, tells us in a very few words the true cause of their hostility to the United States. We are, it seems, "becoming too rich and proud," and we must be humbled. Our "increasing population, commerce and naval resources must be checked." This is certainly plain English; for there is nothing equivocal in the expression.
That the British government is resolved to go to great lengths in support of its determination to check our wealth and pride, may fairly be inferred from the declaration of Mr. Baring, the chairman of the meeting—"The interposition of ministers with this question (said he) could not be denied, for it had gone to such an extreme, that it was intended by good authority to one of the members of the American committee, that if he voted for the presenting a petition, his name would be reported to the treasury." Thus the ministry threaten governmental persecution to those who oppose them; and at the London meeting their friends were so violent and successful as to prevent the formal adoption and signature of the petition: But nevertheless, those who were friendly to it remained in the room after the adjournment, nearly until four o'clock in the morning, signed the memorial, and took it up to the house of commons. WASHINGTON.

GOOD OUT OF EVIL.
AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.
In many of the great commercial towns a large portion of the capital, usually employed in trade, is already engaged in erecting and carrying on cotton manufactures; & we have good authority for saying that the profits, notwithstanding the infancy of the establishments, and the inevitable mistakes which will for some time occur, in conducting them, are equal to those of trade.
In Philadelphia especially, and its neighborhood, a great number of persons are already actively engaged in this manufacture. We have before us letters recently received from a very intelligent man, resident in that place, from which we offer the following extracts, in corroboration of these remarks:
"You cannot without attending to the subject (cotton factory) conceive how profitable a business it is, and what little capital is required. The machinery is easily made; labor is not dearer here than in England; the boys work for 75 cents a week and find themselves—and no one man has more than a dollar per diem. If any persons set up Cotton Machinery, it would employ many persons. In Rhode Island there are 20,000 spindles, which I calculate work up 2000lb of cotton at least per diem into fine thread, or in the year 600,000 at one dollar. Attend to the following calculation:
  Cotton costs here, say 20 cts. one hundred lbs. therefore is 20   100lb. of cotton loses one eighth, or 12 1/2 per cent and therefore produces 88lb. of manufactured cotton which costs in manufacturing, say 25 cents. 25   England cotton costs, with duty, 88lb. manufactured at 25, 45   Duty at 4 per cent. 2   Freight 2   Insurance, &c. 2   Duty here 15 per cent. and other charges, 10   81 
"The following statement is the result of Cotton made for candlewick at Camac's mill:
  Cotton, 100lb---it costs 16 cts but is here put down 20   Expense of making by contract, 11 cts per lb. 88 lb. 9 60   Sold at 50 cents per lb. 44   14 40 
"This quantity is easily made with machinery that does not cost more than 800 or 1000 dollars at the most. I shall go to-morrow to see a factory, where the machinery is worked by horses.
"I wrote you a line yesterday, which I hope has claimed your attention. Trench Cox has advertised for cotton blankets and other cotton manufactures for clothing---each blanket will weigh 3 1-2 lb. of cotton---10,000 are immediately wanted, and perhaps 50,000---they will be made here. Camac has a wool carding machine which he bought for less than $100. One man will card 50lb of wool for Ratters, at 5 cts per lb.
"Machinery is making fast all about here."
PETERSBURG MANUFACTURING SOCIETY.
SATURDAY, 23d April, 1808. The committee, agreeably to the resolution of the 16th instant, returned an address and report. The meeting was uncommonly numerous, and were necessarily obliged to adjourn, to take further time to consider the proposed constitution. They came to the following resolution:
Resolved, That the address and constitution be published in the newspapers of this town, and be submitted to a general meeting of the subscribers, on Friday morning next, at ten o'clock, to be held at the court-house.
WILLIAM BOWDEN, President.
ADDRESS.
Fellow-Citizens.
Long experience has taught us to observe with deep concern for the interests of mankind, that the extension of foreign commerce & navigation hath not made nations more just or generous: it hath not afforded to the persons or property of weaker states, protection against the hands of violence and rapacity: it hath not disposed the great powers of the earth to a close study and pursuit of the more useful and peaceable arts of life: it hath done little towards the amelioration of the condition of man in many countries. As philosophy has vainly hoped, and for what humanity has often sighed, it hath not brought nations nearer to a social bond of union, amity and peace. On the contrary the same experience hath taught us painfully to know, that it too often excites the ambition, avarice, jealousies and rivalry of states which provoke and promote war; that it does not add to the happiness, virtue, or safety of a free, just and unoffending nation: that the greatest portion of the old world is afflicted two thirds of its time with the misery and deviations of war: "They fight until they are exhausted, They repose and then rise and fight again; war is their trade."
What always follows? Law and justice are banished from the ocean; the great belligerent powers in their contests for maritime superiority and commercial monopoly, regardless of every rule of right, every principle of feeling & humanity, against universal law & usage, seize, confiscate and destroy our property---they sink or burn our ships when engaged in carrying to them the comforts of life and pledges of our peace and friendship---they seize on the persons of our people, confine them in floating dungeons, and in those destructive engines force them to aid in fighting their battles---our friendly flag which unfurled itself on every sea and in every port of fair and free traffic, has disappeared---our citizens have been murdered within sight of our hospitable shores; neutral integrity, innocence and impartiality give no security---in fact the rights of neutrality are annihilated---the ocean has become a scene of indiscriminate rapine and violence---sometimes a shew of security is made, merely to encourage further adventure, that we may sustain aggravated losses and wrongs---the faith of nations ceases to exist. We have vindicated our rights, by a reference to those immu-
table principles of justice and morality which nations once respected; by remonstrances; by negotiations; by an appeal to their reason and sense of honor; but all in vain! The just demands of violated rights and bleeding humanity, the offerings of forbearance and peace, are treated with reiterated insults and injuries.
In this state of things, fellow citizens, what is to be done? We tremble for the fate of civilization! It is banished from the European world. Its benign principles and influence are certainly banished from the high seas.
Let us then throw ourselves on our vast interior resources in this great western hemisphere, develop our energies and avail ourselves of a proper use of them. Domestic manufactures and internal trade will yield benefits that will more than supply the wants of foreign commerce. Internal trade, by combining and identifying our interests will produce the most happy results: it will make secure and call into action, an insecure and dead capital; it will give the means of employment and gain to all men, especially the needy; it will insure the enjoyment and cultivation of our peaceful habits and dispositions; it will promote the harmony of social life and improve our morals by the exclusion of foreign fashions, vices and luxuries; it will revive our republican manners, simplicity and frugality: it will make us our own laborers and consumers: it will remove many causes of foreign collisions and wars in relation to us: it will extinguish the heats and dissensions so often produced by foreign politics, and if possible, unite our people more firmly; it will withdraw from the ocean many of our citizens, and preserve much of our property from European rapacity: it would prevent and defend us against numberless vexations and ills.
Agriculture, the true source of human comfort, flourishes better in the neighbourhood of manufactures, to which internal trade constantly attaches itself, and draws in its train all the great and essential mechanical arts. Our fields would soon whiten with our flax, our cotton and our fleeces: excite our smiles, and call forth our benedictions to heaven for our independence. Every foreign tie and dependence that we break up, affords further security to our domestic tranquility, prosperity, happiness and freedom.
Let not the discouraging remarks on home manufactures so often reverberated, have any effect. Our ancestors were told that they knew not how to make a plough or a hoh nail. Yet what mighty things did they achieve? They have left to their posterity useful lessons and examples applicable to every crisis that has heretofore occurred.
America (who is ever ready to do all the good she can) has furnished to Europe the model of the best plough. At this day in the United States look at the fabrication of many valuable articles---such as iron, brass, glass and copper wares, all kind of carriages---see the paper mills and nail factories---the manufacture of cordage, leather, shoes, boots, saddlery, hats, window-glass &c. &c. & also the best pistols, swords, muskets, rifles and cannon, which foreign wrongs and aggressions have driven us to make for our defence and protection. Shall we at this day be seriously told in Virginia, that we possess not industry and enterprise, sufficient to establish machinery for spinning and weaving cotton, and fulling mls, but that we must send our cotton to distant countries, and after being hurtened with countless charges and exactions, to import and consume the same article in its wrought state?
It is also urged that in the event of universal peace, European manufactures can be imported on cheaper terms, and will regain the preference. It is certainly at all times, more easy to affirm than prove the truth of a proposition. At present we cannot go into details, we can only affirm from the most accurate information and calculations, that the institution we are about to present for public adoption, without the aid of increased duties, will enable us to undersell imported articles of the same kind; and that the capital employed will produce an adequate profit, if a general peace is made; an event though we apprehend to be very distant. Some of our sister states aid us with satisfactory proofs on this subject, and reasons too obvious to mention maintain our affirmation.
With these views and feelings, and with the confidence of success, we present to you the plan of our institution, for which we gratefully acknowledge ourselves to be principally indebted to our northern sister states. All men who feel their destinies intertwined with ours, can now afford the pleasing evidences of their common and permanent attachments and interests in the same. We offer a general invitation to unite with us in this great and useful work. The diversified accumulated resources of labor, industry, raw materials, enterprise, public spirit, intelligence and money, will give that vigor and activity to the operations of our society, as to produce at an early day many of the beneficial effects now in contemplation.
Many of our capitalists have expressed a desire for permanent and safe investments, on a reasonable and certain profit; this institution will certainly invite their zealous support. The security of the stock, its transferable and active quality, the certainty and adequateness of profit, are weighty considerations.
Our plan will show that the proper artificers will be employed, and the care and management of the important interests of the society communicated to safe and proper hands.
WILLIAM BOWDEN, President. ROBERT BIRCHETT, DAVID WALKER. ARCHIBALD BAUGH. ARCHIBALD TWEATT, Secretary.
Extract of a letter from Halifax N. S. dated May 6, 1808.
A Proclamation is just issued by the General, allowing the importation into, and exportation from this province for four months, of staves, plank, square timber, boards, scantlings, bread, biscuit, flour, peas, beans, wheat, rice, barley, oats, indian corn, grain and seeds and meals of all kinds, live stock of all kinds, tobacco, pitch, tar, turpentine, salted beef and pork, bacon, hog's lard, butter, onions, and fruit of all kinds, from the United States of America, Madeira, and the Western or Azore Islands---in British vessels owned and navigated according to law.
BOSTON, May 20.
Great losses must be experienced by those who have provisions at Eastport, as by the law they cannot even be brought from there to a port in the United States.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman at New Orleans to his friend in Boston, dated 19th April.
"Letters from Kentucky last evening
mention that col. A. B. was collecting his old friends, and would be in this city shortly. This much is a fact---about three days since all the flour here was purchased at about 4 75 per barrel. The quantity is very large."
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.
To the Collector of the Port of the State of
The Governor of the said Commonwealth does hereby certify that one thousand barrels of Flour are wanting in the said Commonwealth beyond its interior supplies, for its own consumption, and to enlarge its present stock; and that he has confidence in the ability of the person to whom this certificate is delivered, as a merchant, who will not abuse the indulgence of the National Government; but will truly enter and discharge the same in the port of Boston, in the state of Massachusetts.
JAMES SULLIVAN.
Boston, May 10, 1808.
Federal account of the origin of the Proclamation.
From Burlington, Vermont, May 23.
Extract of a letter from a gentleman of respectability belonging to Chittenden County, to his friend in Burlington, Vermont, dated Windsor, May 3.
"Before the receipt of this, you will have seen the Proclamation of the President, declaring our part of the country in a "state of insurrection"---but you may not be apprized of the cause which produced this very extraordinary measure---so extraordinary as to justify sending an express from the City of Washington. D. C. Esq. informs me that he was present when the express arrived at the Governor's in Rutland. A letter was addressed from the executive of the United States, to Gov. Smith, accompanied with a copy of a letter from Dr. Penniman to the executive, both of which Mr. D. heard read. The letter from Penniman he says, stated a conspiracy and combination amongst the people bordering on lake Champlain and Canada, to oppose the embargo act, which could not be suppressed without the aid of the militia.
The letter addressed to Gov. Smith was discretionary, yet so directory in advising him to repair immediately to Lake Champlain, to put the whole body of militia in requisition, that the Governor said he would accompany the express for that purpose. He was however delayed from it by the advice of his friends. He was told that if there existed such a combination, he might meet with personal abuse; in addition to which he would unavoidably lose his next election."
TRENTON, (N. J.) May 23.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION.
We have hitherto refrained from any discussion of this subject, from a belief that it was on our part wholly unnecessary. In that belief we yet continue.
The fact is, the Republicans of this state, so far as we are informed, have long looked to Mr. MADISON as the successor of Mr. JEFFERSON---they had united in him before the Republican Members of Congress, after a conference on the question, recommended him to their suffrages---this recommendation confirmed their previous opinion of his firmness and desert, and there was not less unanimity amongst them in his support than there was in the support of Mr. JEFFERSON as successor of Mr. ADAMS. Mr. MADISON's late conduct, particularly the noble stand he has made in defence of our national rights, interests and honor, has still more endeared him to Republicans generally---and we consider their affections so firmly rivetted to him, that, as on the one hand nothing that we could offer against him would loosen their attachment, so, on the other, nothing that we could advance in his favor would strengthen it.
In truth, after a diligent enquiry of the numerous Republicans from various parts of the state which our situation has enabled us to see and converse with in the course of the last four or five months, we have found but one individual (Mr. SLOAN) unfriendly to Mr. Madison's election---and have heard of no other.
Thus much we have thought it our duty at this time to say---for the information of our Republican brethren of other states, & to put at rest all anxiety as to the part which New-Jersey may be expected to take in the Presidential Election.---Trenton True American.
NEW YORK, May 24.
Captain Chase, of the ship Eliza, informs that an order of the British Government, for stopping and detaining all American vessels going to or coming from an enemy's port, was published in the Court of the Cape of Good Hope on the 6th March; previous to which time cruizers had sent in the ship Belisarius, Wilds, from Batavia for Boston; ship Telemachus, Gallup, from Isle of France for Salem; and brig Resolution, Craycroft, from Manilla for Philadelphia.
At Havana, during the month of January, arrived 36 American vessels, 6 Spanish and 2 Danish; and cleared out 3 Spanish and 47 Americans and 9 of them in ballast.
In February arrived 27 Americans, 11 Spanish and 1 Swede. Cleared 47 Americans, 12 Spanish, 2 Danish, and 1 Swede; 3 of them in ballast.
In March arrived 11 Americans, 7 Spanish, and 1 Portuguese. Cleared 87 Americans, 12 Spanish, 2 Portuguese, and 1 Dane; 3 of them in ballast.
In April very few cleared, and very few arrived except those by permission of the American government.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, May 18, 1808. [CIRCULAR.]
SIR, Finding that a much more rigid construction has been put in some of the districts than in others, on that part of the circular of 6th instant, which relates to the transportation of flour and other provisions, from one port of the Chesapeake to another port on the waters of the same bay; it is proper to state that it was not thereby intended to convey an opinion that such transportation was without any exception whatever and a sufficient cause for detention.
Amongst those exceptions may be reckoned the following:
 1. The usual intercourse on the same river, though that river may include several districts, should not be interrupted.  2. Towns and districts which have usually received their supplies of certain articles of provisions from other districts on the waters of the Bay, should continue to receive their usual supplies.  3. Flour, &c. purchased by persons residing in another district, previous to the receipt of the above mentioned circular, may be taken to the district where it is owned. 
4. Planters and others should be permitted to send their produce to that city or district which has been their usual market, or to which they have usually sent it as a remittance.
In order to guard against possible evasions, special bonds of the form B. may, when thought necessary, be required in the above mentioned cases, before the vessel is suffered to depart; and it must be fully understood that, even in those above mentioned cases, which in a general view do not appear suspicious, it will still be your duty to detain the vessel whenever, from any cause whatever, you may have reason to believe that there is an intention, directly or indirectly, to evade or violate the embargo laws.
I am very respectfully, Sir, Your obedient servant, ALBERT GALLATIN. JOHN SHORE, Esq. Collector, Petersburg.
WASHINGTON, May 25.
We have received the proceedings of the Court Martial in the case of Capt. CHARLES GORDON, which shall appear in our next. They conclude with the sentence that Capt. Gordon be privately reprimanded by the Secretary of the Navy.---Nat. Int.
May 27.
ELECTIONS.---From New York the Public Advertiser says that the representation to Congress consists of twelve republicans and five federalists.
From Massachusetts all the returns are not yet received. As the ensuing legislature will consist of upwards of six hundred members, it is not surprising that the returns cannot be immediately collated. It is probable, however, from what we have seen, that the parties in the legislature will be nearly balanced.---B
WHEELING, (Ohio County).
The votes for the two highest of the candidates for the Senate, at the late election in this district, were as follows:
  Doddridge. Pindall.   Ohio county, 112 32   Wood, 45 00   Brooke, 183 52   Randolph, 161 29   Monongalia, 187 303   Harrison, 222 344   910 760 
Majority for Philip Doddridge, 150.---Laidley, of Wood county, had the greater part of the votes for Senator in that county.
STAUNTON, May 25.
FATAL DUEL!
A gentleman in this town has politely favoured the Editor of this paper with the following extract of a letter from his friend in Fincastle, dated 16th May, 1808.
"Col. Andrew Lewis this night received a special message from Christianburg, Montgomery county, communicating the death of his son, Mr. Thomas Lewis, fallen in a duel this morning; and that his opponent Mr. John McHenry, was just expiring at the departure of said messenger. Thus it is told, Lewis challenged McHenry to fight with Pistols; the latter declined, but said he would fight with rifles at the distance of fifteen steps---it was agreed to by Lewis---they met and both fell! Lewis was shot through the heart the other a little below."
MISCELLANY.
HOUSE OF STUART.---It is announced in a late London Publication, that the public will shortly be gratified by the publication, of all that was finished, of the late Mr. Fox's work, the manuscript of which has been purchased at the unprecedented price of £4,500 sterling. It appears to have been Mr. Fox's design to unfold the causes which led to the Revolution, and the final overthrow of the House of Stuart, by a detailed history of the reign of James the Second; and to give, in an introduction, such a view of the period immediately preceding, as might be necessary to illustrate and to account for many of the events he would have to record. The manuscript, he has left, comprises the introduction here spoken of (which contains much interesting matter relative to the plots, and general state of parties, in the reign of Charles the Second) and two chapters of the History of James the Second, extending from his accession to the execution of the Duke of Monmouth.
These are all in a finished state. The work will soon be in a volume quarto; it will be accompanied by a Preface from the pen of Mr. Fox's noble relative, Lord Holland, and an appendix consisting of a considerable number of very curious and important state papers, connected with the period of the history.
AMERICAN TOURMALINE.
This mineral is well known for its singular property of becoming electrical merely by being warmed. It has, therefore, excited the attention of the electrician, as well as of the chemist and mineralogist. Mr. Godon, a distinguished cultivator of the physical sciences, from Paris, and now in this town, has discovered tourmalines in several places which he has visited; and they may now be considered as existing in the neighborhood of New-York and Philadelphia, in some districts of Massachusetts, and in some of the districts of New-York, at Georgetown in Columbia, and above all, in New-Hampshire, whose mountains can easily furnish tourmalines enough for all the mineralogical collections in the world. Many of them consist of long black crystals, united to quartz, and possessing very much the appearance of Schorl.
Boston Monthly Anthology.
Edmund Burke entertained a rooted contempt for the general character of merchants; and imbibed all the prejudices of the old Romans with respect to trade. The words merchant and pelf always appeared to him nearly synonymous and he never could separate the idea of commerce, from that of knavery, extortion, monopoly, and avarice---"Do not talk to me," said he once in the house of commons, "of the morality, liberality, or the patriotism of a merchant:---his country is his invoice;---his desk his altar;---his ledger his bible;---his church his exchange;---he has faith in none but his banker---and gold is his God."---Whig.
ALEXANDRIA, May 17.
On Saturday last, in the presence of Laurence Lewis, Esq. I showed nine Eve Lambs of the Arlington long-wooled race, sisters to Badger, and as the result is not very common, I presume you will give it currency through the medium of your paper.
  Grass wt. Length Wool. Produce da.   1st. 85lb. 5 1/2 lb.   2d. 78 15 inches. 5 1/2   3d. 100 11 6 3/4   4th. 85 8 5   5th. 93 11 6 1/4   6th. 78 11 6 6 oz.   7th. 79 10 1/2 5 1/2   8th. 76 12 5 1/2   9th. 75 12 6 3/4 
Those were all ewe lambs which have each produced a lamb and now suckle them. I also showed a fat wether of the old kind of the country, which weighed 158lb. gross, and produced 5 1/2 lb. of wool. Upon applying the impartial and undeviating rules of Arithmetic to the above result, we shall find that the Arlington long wool rams yield a pound of wool for every 14lb. 7
oz. gross weight; and that the old country kind yield only a pound of wool for 30lb. of gross weight. It will be remembered that Badger produced a pound of wool for 10lb. 12 oz. of gross weight, a result which, if my information be correct, is not exceeded in any part of the world. Your friend, Wm. H. FOOTE.
May 16, 1808
EUROPE.
NORFOLK, May 23.
We have been favored with London papers to the ninth of April, received last night by the British brig Belle Anne, Captain Touet, 42 days from Jersey.---Their contents are uninteresting.
LONDON, April 4.
The Pyrenean mountains, we have no doubt, will soon cease to be the boundaries of France on the south; and Bonaparte, perhaps giving part of the Portuguese territories to Spain, (he can resume the gift at pleasure) will force Spain to cede her northern provinces, and drawing with a daring hand a line from the mouth of the Douro to the mouth of the Ebro, will demand the cession of all the provinces to the northward of it. The pride and heart of the old Castilian will thus be broken---old Castile will be severed from the new, and Leon, and Arragon, and Galicia, and Catalonia, will be divided into French departments, with all the consequent French frippery of prefects and sub-prefects, and mayors, and procurers, and communes, and arrondisements, &c. &c.
April 8.
We have received French journals in a regular series, to the 26th ult. We have made several extracts, which serve to inform us, in some degree of the state of affairs on the continent. Nothing had been attempted towards the actual invasion of Sweden from Denmark. The Sound was so full of ice, that had the season not been so far advanced, fears might have been entertained, of infantry being enabled to march over. The relaxation of the weather which we have experienced here, and indeed the period of the year, remove, however, all apprehension of this sort. Active preparations are going forward to expedite the invasion; but a flotilla, sufficient to transport an army, is not very easily, nor very hastily to be got in readiness.
The Swedish flotilla at Abo, has, it is said been destroyed, to prevent its falling into the hands of the Russians. Perhaps it could not be removed for the ice. But the Russians as yet are probably at a considerable distance from Abo. The severity of the season had favored the Russian operations. When the snow, however, begins to melt, their operations must, for some time, be nearly suspended.
It appears not, as yet, what are the ultimate measures which are meditated in regard to Spain and Portugal. The information, indeed, which is conveyed in the above journals, respecting Bonaparte, or his designs, is very insignificant.
The exchanges of territory which have been decreed to take place among the German princes, are carrying, partly at least, into effect.
The reports of a naval victory in the Mediterranean, which we mentioned in our last, have continued throughout almost the whole of the last week, and have assumed a variety of complexions. The whole story, however, is now disbelieved, for the wind having been for some days fair, and no direct intelligence having reached the country, the bubble has burst, and discharged its airy contents.

in the woolen manufactures principally during the six months preceding the 1st of April..... Merc. Adv. Capt. B. states, that Petitions against the Orders in Council were pouring in from all quarters of England, and that two of the Ministers who were in favor of them, had altered their opinion, and were about to bring forward a motion for their repeal. And it was the general opinion in Liverpool, that the orders would be rescinded. We have seen a letter from a respectable house at Liverpool, to the owner of the Dryade, stating, that the British ministry had already been convinced, that the Orders in Council had not yet been productive of any single advantage which had been expected from them—and the writer observed, that in his opinion, the day of the orders being rescinded, was not very distant..... N. Y. Gaz.
A letter from Madeira of the 6th of April, (received via Boston) observes, "Gen. Miranda's visit to London, and the arrival of Sir Sidney Smith here in the Foudroyant and Agamemnon, with a gun brig, loaded with rockets, and other implements of destruction, seems to induce a belief, that he is bound direct to the Brazils to take the command. The British government would not send so active an officer to remain idle. Buenos Ayres and Monte Video, you may depend, will receive another visit, ere long, as a preliminary to operations of more importance. Sir Sidney arrived here on the 26th March, and sailed the next day, being blown out in a gale of wind."
LONDON, April 11 The Emperor Alexander, according to a letter from Civita Vecchia, is on the eve of furnishing a fresh proof of his devotion to France, and his departure from those generous principles which were not long since considered inherent in his character. To assist Bonaparte to expel his unfortunate King from Sicily, and put King Joseph in possession of the Island, now appears a service not too low for the Autocrat of all the Russias to undertake. The article from which we deduce this inference is conceived in the coarse and vulgar style of the old Jacobin school. The King of Sicily is passed as a cypher, all the blame is thrown upon the queen.
A private letter from Gibraltar states, that on the arrival of general Spencer's expedition at that place, the German troops were removed from the coppered transports, and sent forward in other ships for Sicily. All the English troops were then embarked on board the coppered transports, and it was understood that they were to sail for "a distant destination."
We communicated on Saturday the arrival of the General Stuart packet, from Bengal, announcing the renewal of hostilities in India. The dispatches brought by the General Stuart state, that Doondjee Khan, a Zomindar in the district of Allyghur, in the conquered provinces, whose conduct has ever been refractory, had compelled the governor general to have recourse to military force to reduce him to submission. Lord Lake, from motives of humanity, forgave his repeated acts of violence and disaffection towards the British government, on condition that he should surrender or destroy the guns in the strong fort of Cumona, fill up the ditch, and disband his forces. This lenity had no effect; the conditions were never complied with; and advices having been received of his continued violence towards the inhabitants, his resistance to the authority of them as magistrates, and his strengthening the fort, the governor general felt himself obliged to order a military force, under the command of major-general Dicksen and lieutenant colonel Horsford of the artillery, to reduce him to obedience. Cumona, as being one of his strongest forts, was the first attacked. It is situated between Agra and Delhi. The British force arrived before it on or about the 23d October. Major-general Dicksen found it much stronger than it had been represented, and was therefore obliged to proceed by regular approaches. A breach having been effected about the middle of November, major-general Dicksen attempted to take the place by storm. The assault was made by the troops on the fort and fortified garden, but they were obliged, after a most desperate attack, to retreat with great loss. The garrison, however, intimidated by the intrepidity of the attack, and dreading a renewal of the assault, evacuated the fort in the night.
On the 30th November, we learn the general had proceeded to another fort, and great hopes were entertained that the several strong holds belonging to Doondjee, would fall without farther loss.
We announced, on Saturday, the arrival of the Coquette, at Portsmouth, after a remarkably quick passage of four days, with dispatches from Admiral Sir Charles Cotton, at Lisbon. The dispatches state, that there is a famine at Lisbon. In this dreadful situation, a deputation of the merchants has been sent, in a flag of truce, to admiral Cotton, imploring a suspension of the blockade as the only means of procuring provisions to save the inhabitants from general starvation. Various letters have been received, descriptive of these horrors; the following is from one of the gentlemen appointed to the deputation, and was written before he set off:
Lisbon, March 21, 1808. We have only time to inform you of my having been authorised, with several others, by the government, to proceed to the English fleet, now blockading our port, for the purpose of prevailing on admiral Cotton to permit provisions to be brought hither, as we are absolutely on the eve of a famine. Under these dreadful circumstances we rely on the humanity and liberality of a generous nation, and we trust that his Excellency will commiserate the distressed situation of the inhabitants of this devoted city and its environs, and grant liberty for provisions to enter the port, otherwise we must literally starve. Should we succeed in this object of our mission, it will revive the drooping spirits of the people, and save the lives of thousands and tens of thousands, who otherwise must meet their fate in the worst and most terrible of all deaths—a death of hunger."
The deputation accordingly took place. Sir C. Cotton was deeply affected at the sufferings of our ancient allies; but as an immediate suspension of the blockade would have been an act of disobedience to his instructions, he could only promise to submit to the prayer of the unhappy Portuguese to the B. government. With this view he dispatched the Coquette cutter.
Sir Charles Cotton has ten sail of the line with him which are all victualled and watered for seven months. The Russian squadron are lying in the Tagus, ready for sea; but there is no expectation of their coming out. A very rich ship, from Lima, escaped our cruisers and got into Vigo lately, much to the mortification of our ships off that port.
Colonel Lane is, we understand, recalled from his command at St. Helena. The honorable admiral Berkeley struck his flag on Wednesday, at Portsmouth, and came to London. Ministers have also received dispatches from our fleet off Cadiz, bringing an account of the most serious disturbances having taken place at Madrid. The people alarmed at the prospect of want, and learning from every part of the kingdom that the grain was bought up for the use of the French, for we understand the French do not seize but buy from the farmers, under a threat, however, that if they conceal, or keep it back from the market, it will be confiscated. There is an actual insurrection, but the people have no one to direct their efforts and the consequence will be a horrible and a class effusion of blood. The following instructions to the commanders of his Majesty's ships of war and privateers, appeared in the Gazette of Tuesday evening:
[COPY.] "George R. Instructions to the commanders of our ships of war and privateers: given at our court at Windsor, the 11th day of April, in the forty-eighth year of our reign. Our will and pleasure is, that you do not interrupt any neutral vessel laden with lumber and provisions, and going to any of our colonies, islands, or settlements in the West Indies, or South America, to whomsoever the property may appear to belong, and notwithstanding such vessel may not have regular clearances and documents on board; and in case any vessel shall be met with, and be in her due course to the alleged port of her destination, an indorsement shall be made on or more of the principal papers of such vessel, specifying the destination alleged and the place where the vessel was so visited. And in case any vessel so laden shall arrive and deliver her cargo at any of our colonies, islands, or settlements aforesaid, such vessel shall be permitted to receive her freight, and to depart either in ballast, or with any goods that may be legally exported in such vessel, and to proceed to any unblocked port, notwithstanding the present hostilities, or any future hostilities which may take place; and a passport for such purpose shall be granted to the vessel by the governor, or other person having the chief Civil Command in such colony, island or settlement. "G. R."
The Chancellor of the Exchequer, last night brought forward, in the House of Commons, the principal articles of the Budget; and we feel great satisfaction in stating, that the supplies of the year will be provided without any additional burthens upon the public. The new regulations respecting the Assessed Taxes, and a modification on which it is proposed to make in the mode of collecting the stamp duties, will produce the small sum that remains to be provided for the public service.
We have received Dutch papers to the 2d instant, which state that the Russians have not made any great progress in Finland, but the preparations for invading Sweden from Finland are carried on with great vigour. We find in these papers a message from king Louis to the Dutch Legislature, in which he draws a most deplorable picture of the finances of the country. By way of consolation, however, he informs them, that Bonaparte has promised that, in the peace to be negotiated with England, he will stipulate for the restoration of the Dutch colonies, particularly Guiana. Bonaparte has published a curious decree respecting the Jews, which is by no means flattering to their moral character, and which we should think would not induce many of them to put themselves under his protection.
Lord Grenville yesterday presented a petition to the House of Lords, from the Catholics of Ireland, praying to be relieved from the disabilities under which they labour. Lord Moira expressed his regret that this petition should have been presented so recently after parliament had decided upon the subject. Lord Grenville in reply, said he had not advised the measure, nor had he been consulted about it.
LONDON, April 12. The Princess Elizabeth packet, with mails from Sicily and Malta, has put an end to all doubts respecting the fleet of Sir Richard Strachan. He and his squadron joined admiral Collingwood and admiral Thornborough off Palermo, when the combined fleets amounted to sixteen sail of the line. They had seen no enemy's fleet; but it was ascertained at Gibraltar, that the Carthagena squadron were at Port Mahon, by the last accounts. One of the ships under command of the Sirius, saw the Rochefort squadron pass the bay of Pallas near Cartagena on the 1st of March; and it is therefore thought, that they may have joined the Toulon fleet, but it is not ascertained.
On the arrival of General Spencer's armament at Gibraltar, it was discovered, that the enemy, apprised of our intention to attack Ceuta, had thrown such a body of men into the place, and had exerted themselves in repairing the batteries with such effect, as to make it imprudent to proceed against it. Accordingly our readers will see, from the letters which we give from Gibraltar, that the project was abandoned, and that the troops were proceeding to their ultimate destination. General Nightingale is on his way home with dispatches. Sir Sidney Smith sailed from Gibraltar, on the 18th ultimo, in the Foudroyant supposed for the Brazils, at which place it is said the Prince Regent is safely arrived.
Price of stocks—Consols, 65 3/8 1-8 Reduced, 64 5-8. Lord Castlereagh last night submitted his plan for the internal defence of the country. He proposes a local militia, as a substitute for the present system by the training act, to be raised by means of a ballot, in the same way as the regular trained militia. This new force is to consist of 60,000 rank and file, to be officered by gentlemen of property throughout the country. No substitution of service is to be permitted, except on payment of a very large sum; and the troops thus raised are to be collected in the principal towns in the country, there to be trained to the use of arms for the space of 28 days each year. He also proposes to add to the regular and militia force an addition of fifty thousand men, by filling up the companies in each regiment to 100 rank and file. Those only are liable to be balloted into the local militia who are above the age of 18 and under 35.
It appears by the statement of the Noble lord that the whole of our force, of every description, for the defence of the country, will be as follows:
  Regular army for home defence 200,000   Militia—British 350,000   Irish 70,000   Local Militia 400,000   60,000   Making a regimental force for home defence, independent of the Volunteers, of 600,000   Volunteers 290,000   Total of the force for home defence 950,000   Accounts from Magdeburgh say, that the Emperor Napoleon, notwithstanding all the representations made by the deputies from that city, and even the intercession of its new Sovereign, insists on the arrears or the war contribution, threatening if they are not paid, to march 80,000 men into the Duchy of Magdeburgh, now the Department of the Elbe.
UTRECHT, March 30. DUTCH BUDGET. A Committee of the Councils of State, consisting of M. M. Van Leyden, Van Westharenrecht, Geypus, and Hemelopen, brought on the 20th in-
stant, to the Legislative Body, the following message, relating to the Finances, and in the sitting of yesterday the project of a decree, proposed in the Message, was adopted.
THE KING TO THE LEGISLATIVE BODY. "GENTLEMEN, "We having charged a Committee of our Council of State to present to you a project of a law relative to the Finances of this year. "At the commencement of your present Session, we expressed on our part a strong desire to adopt a definitive & permanent system with respect to the Finances, but since the 28th of November affairs have not been ameliorated, and we have been under the indispensable necessity of provisionally shutting our ports. This extreme and painful measure ought to ensure to us compensation, to which we have so much title and affords an irrefragable proof of the sincerity & constancy of our efforts in the common cause. Thus we must postpone all idea of a definitive and permanent system until a maritime peace, what alone it will be possible to reduce, our expenditure to the amount of our revenue."
It then goes on to state that the expenditure for 1807 had been 78,000,000 florins, and the revenues only 55,000,000, leaving a deficit, of 23,000,000, exclusive of previous arrears. To meet these a loan of 40,000,000, had been negotiated, which produced 30,000,000, the 10,000,000, after providing for the deficit, was applied to the payment of arrears. The estimate of expenditure for 1808 is 74,000,000, whilst the revenue is not estimated to produce more than 50,000,000.
It is said in this part of the message; "We cannot dispense with maintaining in a good state the squadrons of the Texel and the Meuse. We announce with pleasure to the Legislative Body, that as the price of our efforts, France has expressly engaged to procure the restoration of our colonies, and particularly those of Guiana."
To meet the deficit of the present year, a sort of forced assessment is proposed, which is adopted by the Legislative Body, by which those paying it are to become creditors of the state to the amount required. That is resorted to instead of a loan.
April 14. A variety of opinions have been advanced respecting the destination of the Rochefort squadron, the last accounts report them to have been seen in lat. 31, N. long. 69 W. steering a N. N. W. course.
Yesterday some letters dated the 12th ult. were received from Holland, which state that the price of coffee, and other articles of colonial produce continued to rise. In Germany a similar scarcity prevails, and letters from Hamburg, dated the 25th of March, state, that coffee had risen to 3s. a pound.
Accounts from Frankfort state, that a courier had passed through that town, on his way to Paris, with intelligence that the Turks had refused to renew the armistice concluded with the Russians, and that hostilities were expected to recommence between them immediately. We do not place much confidence in this report, though some hints have already appeared in the French papers of a supposed intention in the Porte to negotiate with our government.
The Gazette of Tuesday contains the official details respecting the loss of the forts of Regio and Scylla, on the coast of Calabria. The evacuation of the latter was effected in the face of the enemy's line, which was drawn up immediately below the castle, with the loss of very few men. Our gun-boats did considerable execution, and it was said the French lost on this occasion several hundred men.
WEST-INDIES.
ALEXANDRIA, May 21. Markets at St. Croix—(17 days since)—Flour $ 56 per bbl. Corn Meal, $ 100 per bbl.
NEW-YORK, May 22. By the schooner Mary, from St. Croix, we have been put in possession of the following
PROCLAMATION. By his Excellency Brigadier-General George William Richard Harcourt, Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief in and over his majesty's islands of St. Croix and its Dependencies, Vice Admiral of the same, &c. &c.
WHEREAS it is highly expedient and necessary under the present scarcity of provisions and lumber within this island and the dependencies, not only to encourage by all possible means the importation and supply thereof, but to the same end to prohibit the exportation of colonial produce in all foreign ships and vessels, excepting in such as shall be wholly or partly laden with provisions or lumber, for sale within the said island or its Dependencies, or for the use or supply of any of the inhabitants thereof—It is hereby direct and order that no sugar, rum or colonial produce whatever be shipped or exported in any foreign ships and vessels whatever, save and except such as are be- value of the cargoes imported. And all officers and persons whom it may concern, are to take due notice accordingly.
Given under my hand and seal at the Government House, Saint Croix, this thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eight, and in the forty-eighth year of his Majesty's reign.
GEO. HARCOURT. By his Excellency's command, WM. BEATTY, Acting Secretary.
A commercial friend has favored the editor of the Mercantile Advertiser with the following, received from Martinique by the brig Melanthio:— Extract from the Ordinance for establishing the Patent Duties.
Art. 18. Foreign merchants not naturalized, but tolerated in the colony, shall be indiscriminately considered as of the first class of the Patent Duty (500 dollars) and moreover the Patent will not be granted to any one, who has not been domiciliated in the colony at least two years.
10. No captain will for the future be permitted to make his entry or clearance at the custom-house, except he be accompanied by a merchant who has previously taken out a patent for the purchase of cargoes; or by a patented Broker. This person must subscribe his name in the custom-house books, and render himself responsible for any frauds which may be committed in contravention of the revenue laws.
Martinique, Feb. 13, 1808.
PHILADELPHIA, May 13. The American schooner Mohawk, Freeman Atkins, master, laden with barilla and fruit, has been forced into Kingsale, (1.) by contrary winds. She was last from Torrova, a small creek near Alicante, and had consequently been placed under quarantine. She left Alicante on the 15th of March. The Hibernia, an American vessel, which had arrived at Alicante from Bristol in ballast, to take in a cargo, had been seized by a French privateer lying in the former port, for having been visited on her passage out by an English cruiser, and immediately condemned. The master of the Hibernia is a passenger on board the Mohawk.
FIVE DOLLARS REWARD. —Strayed or stolen on Friday night, the 22d of this month, a SOREL HORSE, with a blaze face, one of his hind legs white nearly to the hock, used to work in a dray, five feet high, thirteen or fourteen years old. Whoever will deliver him to me in Chesterfield county, near Manchester, shall receive the above reward. May 31. JOHN ROWLETT. [2p2w1]
THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, MAY 31, 1808.
COMMUNICATION.
TO THE MILITARY.
It is pleasing to every friend of his country to observe the spirit of patriotism forming various military corps, but it is infinitely more so, when we see this holy spirit cherished and incited with a desire of excelling and of becoming expert in the science of arms. I have frequently witnessed the REVIEWS and PARADES of our city, and from the phlegm and indifference with which they were conducted, it would seem that even the men considered themselves as an assembly of auto-mata , doomed to a certain round, more than a company of soldiers, lively in their exercise and anxious for pre-eminence. This habit of lethargy and carelessness is not only offensive to the spectator, but is of that infectious nature that it immediately spreads and becomes general, until it is beyond the effort of any individual, no matter how inspiring, to remove it.
In no department of life is pride so necessary as it is in the military, so much so, that it may almost be called the genius of arms. Pride in its vulgar sense, and as worn by fools, is the object of contempt and the jest of common sense, but in a soldier, 'tis a virtue and the theme of panegyric, when it proceeds not from the shade of a feather, but from a spirit of emulation and from the noble stand he occupies as one of the Defenders of his Country.
If ever this spirit of military pride was necessary in any country, and at any time, it is so in Virginia, and now; not from any reflection as to our external relations, but from the state of the public mind upon this subject, which has been too long in the habit of attaching a kind of contempt to the military, and of considering a soldier in uniform more as a buffoon than a patriot in arms. This state of mind may be attributed to the species of government we live under, and to the natural situation of our country in being remote from the theatre of war, and also to the universal hatred excited against the standing army of John Adams.
These sentiments, however, are now about to be exchanged for esteem and respect for those citizens who prepare against the worst by becoming skillful in tactics. The Voluntary Companies begin to be more attentive and assiduous in learning their duty and discharging it with zeal. These observations arose the other day from observing the discipline and dexterity of a new formed company, called the Rifle Company , under the command of Capt. George Turner. This company, although in its infancy, is fast rising to a proud pre-eminence, and promises a speedily superiority, not only in number, but in skill. They appear to be animated with the true spirit of emulation, and an eager desire of being not only familiar with their duty, but graceful in its performance. Under these auspices they cannot fail to flourish and command admiration. From these circumstances we may expect that a spark of rivalry will be elicited, which will produce a general and happy emulation. In regard to a Rifle Company , they ought to felicitate themselves in having a captain who is conversant with all the duties of his station, and anxious to teach them to his Company; and above all, the pride and animation which he displays will always communicate itself to the bosoms of his soldiers, and will always render the LAUREL in their reach. ONE OF THE MILITIA.
The Members of the RIFLE VOLUNTEERS will attend a meeting To-morrow Evening, at the Bell-Tavern, on business of importance.
Mr. Baring, a London merchant, displays more of the spirit of an independent American than the whole Federal party. Little could he have been acquainted with the infuriated and unforgiving temper of that party, when he pays them the following compliment: "If any reliance is placed by our government on the dissensions in that country (the U. S.) the most effectual step has certainly been taken to prevent them; and the American patriot will probably, see with pleasure, that if he must have war, the provocation is of a nature to unite every prejudice, and every real interest of his country. By attempting to confine the European trade to Great-Britain, and by the avowal of an intention to tax that trade on its passage to the continent, we are returning to those principles to which even as a colonist, she would not submit."
"It is immaterial, whether it be a tax on Stamps or on Cotton; this question has already been the subject of a long and bloody war, and it can hardly be supposed that America will now submit to a direct attack on her sovereign and independent rights." Infamy then light on the head of that man who could pronounce the praise of patriotism upon a "proposal for forming an association in Newbury-Port to consume there no bread that is not made of the grain produced in the state."
Note * Mr. B. predicts that "war must be the infallible consequence" of these orders of Council.
The Federalists must have forgotten the contents of the Orders in Council—or they surely could not have waged such an exterminating war against the Embargo.—To refresh their memories, we present them with the following brief analysis of these Orders, by a very intelligent Englishman, Mr. Baring:
All trade directly from America to every port and country of Europe at war with G. Britain, or from which the British flag is excluded, is totally prohibited. In this general prohibition, every part of Europe, with the exception at present of Sweden, is included, and no distinction whatever is made between the domestic produce of America, and that of the colonies re-exported from thence. The trade from America to the colonies of all nations remains unaltered by the present Orders. America may export the produce of her own country, but that of no other, directly to Sweden.
With the above exception, all articles, whether of domestic or colonial produce exported by America to Europe, must be landed in this country, from whence it is intended to permit their re-exportation under such regulations as may hereafter be determined. By these regulations it is understood, that duties are to be imposed on all articles so re-exported; but it is intimated that an exception will be made in favor of such as are the produce of the United States, that of Cotton excepted.
Any vessel, the cargo whereof shall be accompanied with certificates of French Consuls abroad of its origin, shall, together with the cargo, be liable to seizure and condemnation.
Proper care is taken that the operation of the Orders shall not commence until time is afforded for their being known to the parties interested. They speak, of course, of neutrals generally, but as they are applicable only to America, I have named that country, as I shall continue to do throughout these observations, that obscurity may be avoided. Cheetham, of New-York, amidst his ful-
some eulogiums on P. B. Key's Speech, is guilty of this gross misrepresentation; that the embargo is calculated only to protect our Carrying Trade —Surely this man must be as ignorant as he is intriguing.—Had he understood the B. Orders in Council, he would have seen at the first glance, that these make no kind of distinction between the native produce of America, and that of the colonies re-exported from thence.—A British cruiser is as much privileged to take an American vessel bound to the continent, if she be loaded with cotton as with coffee.
It is reported that the British Orders in Council are to be rescinded. How? is a most important question—G. Britain must not expect to dupe the people of the United States.—This country has a right to demand a complete and unconditional revocation of every part and fragment of the encroachments of other Orders of Council.—Let those rescinding Orders, restore us as near as possible, to the ground on which we stood. G. B. must not expect to retain one part, whilst she rescinds another.—She is a perfect Proteus.—And it is not impossible, that the same rescinding act, that exempts the native productions of the U. S. from her late restrictions, will continue them on the colonial produce exported from thence.
The new B. instructions to commanders and privateers, manifest the usual disregard of G. B. for the rights and regulations of neutrals, and her great apprehensions for the prosperity of her W. Indies.—This instruction bears upon its front the design to tempt the citizens of the U. S. to violate or evade the Embargo, by stealing off with lumber and provisions to her colonies, in utter contempt of the regular clearance and entrance into our Custom-Houses.—
TO THE CITIZENS OF RICHMOND.
A Meeting will take place at the Capitol on to-morrow evening at 4 o'clock, for the purpose of taking into consideration the subject of HOME MANUFACTURES.—It is hoped that the meeting will be fully attended, as the object is of the highest importance. We know not what particular species of manufacture will be recommended to the citizens of Richmond, but confidently believe that such as are recommended and deemed expedient by the meeting, will be carried into operation with promptitude and patriotic zeal.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
WHILST CROSSING THE ROADS.
On you point which o'erlooks the wild wave, A rose caught my eye with beauty divine; This flow'r of love the maid of the Brave, I wish'd from my soul cou'd be mine: Trembling with hope, to the spot then I went, To gild with tints and to boss it with love; I gaz'd till my soul was clated, And ventured this wish to impart; That it might be softly translated, To the cherishing Bed of my heart; But the shy God that liv'd in the Beam, With envy was quickly inspir'd: Bid me away, that my love was a dream, And it instantly blush'd and retir'd.
Last Evening's Mail.
LATEST FROM ENGLAND.
From the Boston Gazette of Monday 23.
The New Galen, capt. Hickley, arrived at Boston on Saturday, in 31 days from London, bringing papers of that city to the 19th April. The war against Sweden, by Bonaparte's new allies of the north, was still continued with vigour, and still opposed by the Vassa. In the defence of Sweden, Great-Britain had been able to render essential service; and at the last dates was powerfully operating against the common enemy, by a considerable naval force, which, in consequence of the breaking up of the ice in the two Belts, had enabled them to afford a very seasonable relief to the only independent power, now of the continent of Europe.
The reports of a naval action in the Mediterranean, &c. of the junction of the Rochefort with the Toulon fleet, had not been confirmed; nor had any correct or positive intelligence been received of the former squadron. Had it entered the Straights, some portion of the numerous divisions of British shipping in those seas must have fallen in with it.
No account of the failure of Mr. Rose's mission, nor any dispatches from him had reached England; nor were there any accounts of the arrival of the Osage, on board of which Mr. Nourse was passenger, with dispatches from our government.
The Parliament of England was still engaged with important discussions relative to Neutral Rights and Commercial regulations—but no questions had been taken, for impairing or any way altering the letter or spirit of the late Orders in council. A new loan of 8 millions was opened for the current year; and several plans suggested for augmenting the regular army; and equipping and disciplining the militia. The Catholic petition had been presented by Lord Grenville, and notice given that he should call it up on the 12th May.
A strong fortress in Sicily, had been abandoned, and Reggio surrendered to the French. The former had been invested by gen. regnier's army for seven weeks, & battered by heavy ordnance for seven days.
A heavy gale of wind was experienced on the coast of England about the 8th of April, and attended with considerable damage to all description of shipping within the range of its violence.
The convoy for Canada sailed from Portsmouth on the 15th April, and when joined by the ships from Torbay, Plymouth and Cork, was expected to consist of nearly 100 sail, which is said to treble the number that has sailed for this quarter at one time for many years.
Ad. Duckworth arrived at Plymouth on the 19th April, after having touched in the W. Indies, Chesapeake, Halifax, and the Western Islands in quest of the Rochefort squadron, which he could not find.
LONDON, APRIL 15. Yesterday both houses of Parliament adjourned, the lords for a fortnight, the Commons till Tuesday week. This short retirement from public service will prove very acceptable to the Noble Lords, as well as the honorable gentlemen from the hardy duty which has recently been required of them. The acts which have been passed during the winter months of this session will not hereafter be distinguished for legislative importance in the statute book, but the debates and discussions which have in the mean while taken place in both Houses have been arduous and protracted, much beyond any recent example.

If there be any productions which the Art of Printing should preserve from destruction, they are such as breathe the sentiments of the following extract.
The pamphlet, from which it is taken, is completely out of print; and is as scarce as it is valuable. The copy now before us, is furnished to us by a venerable friend, and from its inscription, appears to have been presented to Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, by William Lee. Its title is, "The Evidence delivered on the Petition presented by the W. India Planters and Merchants to the Hon. House of Commons, as it was introduced at the Bar, and summed up by Mr. Glover."
On the 5th September, 1774, Congress entered into an association, by which they bound themselves and indirectly the inhabitants of the several provinces, not to import into British America after the first of December, 1774, any Melasses, Syrups, Panales, Coffee or Pimento from the British Plantations; nor to export, after the 10th of Sept. 1775, any merchandise or commodity whatsoever, to the West-Indies, unless certain specified Acts of the British Parliament were previously repealed. These resolutions were framed in the true dignified spirit of the American character, & in a due regard to the peculiar condition of the British nation. Alarmed by the fearful consequences which these resolutions threatened to carry in their train, the "Planters of the Sugar Colonies residing in Great-Britain, and the Merchants of London trading to these colonies," presented a most distressing Petition to the assembled Commons of England, which enumerated the dangers they had to apprehend, and concluded with a request to be heard in support of their Petition. On the 16th of March, 75, they were admitted to a hearing; and Mr. Glover, a merchant of London, appeared as their counsel. The evidence, which follows his introductory Speech, is lengthy and extremely interesting. It incontestably proves the ruinous consequences which threatened the B. West-Indies from a complete execution of the Resolutions of Congress. George Walker states in the most peremptory terms, that Barbadoes and the Leeward Islands had been inseparably dependant upon the United Provinces for their Provisions and Lumber; and that no other market could be found to supply these indispensable articles for their consumption. John Ellis, who is called in to explain the resources of Jamaica, does not draw so frightful a picture of its desolate condition; he admits that it is capable of producing more ground-provisions and supplying more lumber, than its sister islands; but after all, he holds out the most distressing consequences of a suspended commerce with America—in the dearth of provisions—in the starvation of the inhabitants—the rebellion of their slaves—and the breaking up of their Sugar plantations. These ideas are not singular, nor are the dangers which they describe, visionary. They have arrested the imagination of every man, who is conversant with the real resources of the West-Indies. They have been supported by numerous writers; and are most strongly enforced by a late luminous pamphlet from Macaulay Medford, under the title of "Oil without Vinegar and Dignity without Pride"—extracts from which we shall shortly lay before our readers. He "considers the danger of starving the West-India Islands"—even in time of war—as "very great." But who will deny that the embargo, if it be properly and virtuously enforced, is a far more perfect occasion of trade—than even war?
This examination being completed, Mr. Glover rose to sum up the affecting evidence before them, in the most masterly manner. In this Speech—which like some of Chatham's, is at once a striking monument of the genius of the speaker, and the infatuation of the assembly to whom it was addressed—there are flights to animate the coldest, and truths to shake the most bigotted adversary of a free people. He takes a bold and daring view of the folly of the British government, and the spirit of the American nation. "With a Poet's hand and Prophet's fire," he depicts the "deep sorrows" which hovered over G. Britain, and the godlike energies of American enthusiasm. He shows, that when the independence and rights of the Americans were menaced, the spirit of their yeomanry would bear them through every misstep and opposition; that they could and would subsist without British trade or British luxuries; that their domestic manufactures would catch a new and powerful spring, and that their "enthusiasm would stamp on this home-spun all the value and all the pride of ornament." Where have such brilliant encomiums been offered to the enthusiasm of liberty? When have such sanguine anticipations been formed of its force and its fire? But to the honour of the American nation, these hallowed inspirations of the ardent lover of liberty, were completely realised. Not one of his brilliant predictions, but what was fulfilled. And so entirely does the prophecy run parallel with the event, that it seems more like fact than foresight; and his speech more like the air of the historian who sets down to relate events, than of the animated prophet who pretends to predict them. It is from this speech, which should be so dear and so delightful to every American reader, that the following passage is extracted.
Mr. Glover ranks high in the literary annals of England. His compositions as Poets are even infinitely superior to the brilliant and persuasive powers of his eloquence. He is the author of London or the Progress of Commerce; Hosier's Ghost, one of the most pathetic and beautiful ballads in the English language; Leonidas, first printed in 1737, an Epic Poem, that from the sublime spirit it breathes of Liberty, is better adapted as a Petition to the Republican youth of America, than any Poem extant; and the Achaenid, or a sequel and counterpart to Leonidas, first printed in the year 1783.
Thus far, Sir, I have proved what was your situation, happy in receiving from your enemies all the possible advantage attainable in the nature of things. Could our forefathers, the authors of such a system, which exclusive of foreign profit could bring the numerous subjects of the same state in such dispersed habitations over the earth, thousands and thousands of miles asunder, to a concurrence in the extirpation of idleness, in promoting the comfort, and calling forth the faculties of each other; could those venerable founders of a structure so stupendously great and so perfect, brought to such perfection by time and experience, yet find it within the last ten years so roughly handled in a conflict with France; what, I hope, would they cast on the
blinded posterity, almost the whole British people, who on every start of pecuniary contribution from America have under three administrations been open-mouth'd, and are still for American taxation? Let the three Administrations have all the justification of defensio numeris, juncturae umbone phalanges . But I, an unconnected man, firmly pronounce, that the consenting voice of all mankind cannot make two and two more, or less, than four; that the Vox Populi is not always the Vox Dei , and among us upon the present subject resembles the popular cry in old Jerusalem of crucifixion, crucifixion.
Yet, Sir, I likewise sincerely wish, that the gloomy aspect, I have given to our future situation, may be all nugatory, all misrepresentation, unintended, but not therefore less the result of error and blindness. Hitherto I have looked on one side of the question only; permit me now to contemplate the other.
It is the general acceptance, that the associated provinces will submit in consequence of the measures taken. The measures I allude to are public force; and with some relief to my own dejection I apply them to introduce another fact incontestable and brilliant; whereon I gladly dwell for a while: it is a subject of praise, requiring but few words, because it is true. I have named the Romans; we have among us a select body, whom I compare with them, as their equals at any of the most distinguished epochs of their martial science and prowess. I will not hazead a panegyric. The grateful sensations of all our memories retain the illustrious and recent achievements of the British military by land and sea, with a warmth, which would render the most elaborate encomium spiritless and cold. But themselves, lettered gentlemen of England, and versed in history, will allow, that the peculiar superiority, derived from discipline, possessed by them in its highest excellence, is but the effect of human art; that there are left at large in human nature certain sparks, whose occasional concurrence produce operations not to be circumvented, or controlled by art or power, and hath caused such wonderful vicissitudes, recorded in times past, but, I hope, will make no part of our future annals. I allude to that violent agitation of the soul, enthusiasm. Such vicissitudes, not to be shunned by art or power, merit the most attention, when most is set upon a cast.
Many without doors have treated the existence of this uncontrollable spirit as imaginary. I did not reason with those, who either feel no enthusiasm for any thing serious, or retain just so much, as may be requisite in the eager pursuit of diversions, pleasures, or profit. I would have accompanied others more speculative through their several gradations of hope, still disappointed, and still reviving, but for one observation, which I have generally kept concealed, but will soon reveal to you. But for this observation I might have concurred with the public belief, that the capital of a province, now declared in rebellion, would have submitted on the landing of a few regiments; this failing, that other provinces from ancient jealousy and disgust would not have interfered, rather sought their own advantage out of that town's distress; this failing, that they never would have proceeded to the length of constituting a certain inauspicious assembly among themselves; this failing, that the members of such assembly would have disagreed, and not framed a single resolution. This last hope having proved abortive, a new one is popularly adopted, that the first intelligence of enforcing measures, at least the bare commencement of their execution, will tame the most refractory spirits. I will here state the grounds of this, and all the preceding hopes; after wards with your indulgence the ground of my original and continued doubts.
Our trading nation naturally assumed, that the present contention would be with traders in America. The stock of a trader, whether his own, or in part, and often the greatest part a property of others, confiding in him, is personal, lodged in a magazine, and exposed in seasons of commotion to instantaneous devastation. The circumstance of such property, the considerations, suggested by common prudence, by the sense of common justice to those, who have given a generous credit, rarely make room for that intrepidity, which meets force with force. Hence I admit, that the mere traffickers would have submitted at first, and will now, whenever they dare. The reason, why they have not dared, is the foundation of my doubts.
I am speaking to an enlightened assembly, and conversant with their own annals. In those ages, the reverse of commercial, when your ancestors filled the ranks of men at arms, and composed the cavalry of England, of whom did the infancy consist? A race unknown to other Kingdoms, and in the present opulence of traffic, almost extinct in this, the yeomanry of England; an order of men, possessing paternal inheritance, cultivated under their own care, enough to preserve independence, and cherish the virtuous sentiments attendant on that condition, without support for idleness, or effeminate indulgence. Of such doth North-America consist. The race is revived there in great numbers, and in a greater proportion to the rest of the inhabitants; and in such the power of that continent resides. These keep the traffickers in awe. These, many hundred thousands in multitude, with enthusiasm in their hearts, with the petition, the bill of rights, and the acts of settlement, silent and obstinate in some places, but vociferous and fresh, as newly born, among them; these hot with the blood of their progenitors, the enthusiastic scourges at one period, and the revolutionary expellers of tyranny at another; these, unpractised in frivolous dissipation, and ruinous profusion, standing armed on the spot, delivered down from their fathers, a property not moveable, nor exposed to total destruction, therefore maintainable, and extorting all the spirit and vigor of defence; these under such circumstances of number, animation and manners, their lawyers and clergy blowing the trumpet, are we to encounter with a handful of men, sent three thousand miles over the ocean to seek such adversaries on their own paternal ground? But these will not fight, says the general voice of Great-Britain. Agreed. I desire to meet my antagonist in argument upon no better ground.
That exports to the associated provinces have ceased for months, is a fact. May not their non-importation agreement singly be a weapon sufficiently effectual in their hands without striking a blow? Why strike without occasion?
To over-set this suggestion an assertion is brought, that necessity will break the combination. I take this fresh ground to show, that necessity in conjunction with enthusiasm may produce a directly opposite effect. I throw but a transient glance on the extraordinary stock of goods, laid in by the colonists last year, though said to be sufficient for the consumption of two. The arguments I shall use, carry their own evidence with them. Let the population in the associated provinces be three millions, as delivered into the Congress, or be reduced to two and a half white and black. At a moderate computation per head the quantity of goods, including all uses besides apparel, is not adequate to half their consumption, which I stated before to the amount of three millions, without separating some considerable articles for the month. This annual supply they never did annually pay for, but always remained under a heavy debt to the mother country, a capital advantage to her, as shall be explained in its place. How is the other half of their consumption, unsupplied from
hence, provided with the several articles for clothing and other necessaries? What is introduced through illicit trade with the foreigner must be paid for in ready money, and is chiefly for the rich and the few. How is the multitude supplied, dispersed over that vast continent, and at considerable distances from the sea? Sir, by the same means, and necessarily so, as are practised in most countries of these Kingdoms. There are two kinds of manufacture; one active and systematic, collected under a superintendence, and brought to the markets of sale. The other is sedentary and domestic, obscure but large, could the small and scattered parcels be gathered up for consumption, as may be made of the former from the records of public marts. The latter lies among the wives and children of rural, of rustic families; is applied to domestic use, and rarely sees a market for sale. In the same mode the American yeomanry are furnished among themselves. The domestic manufacture must in contrast be large for the use of such numbers; the active for sale is far from maturity among them; but necessity, urged against them, may extend the arts and materials, already indubitably possessed; and enthusiasm may stamp on their home-spun all the value, all the pride of ornament.
Sir, I foresee this difference with America will be composed, and how—There silence becomes me best—It will be so late, that Great Britain must receive a wound, which no time can heal—A philosophical sense of dignity must step in under the shape of consolation.
This reflection I wish to obviate, and will state a strong question from the other side. Admitting, if I please, the practicability of the colonist supplying his wants with his own home-manufacture, impracticable too by time and experience; yet will not an interruption to the vent of his own produce and to the profits of his trade, be a loss of such magnitude, as may quickly, and with an intermediate stagnation too short for us sensibly to feel, reduce his mind to a state of humiliation? The interruption, I allow, will be a loss to individuals, large to some, small to many, and operate in degrees proportionate to situations and tempers. The trading class foresee it already, and are humbled enough to submit, if they could. Those, who keep them in awe, the multitude of small, but independent proprietors of land, may feel their part of the loss so light, as not to relax the resist spirit, which they have manifested down to this day; and may be strengthened by a truth too obvious, that America, as a public, must be a gainer by such interruption.
She always hath been, and is now largely indebted to the British merchants: a proof, that the neat value of her annual produce, and remittances through the circuitous of her trade hath ever been short of her purchases here. So far, as this difference reaches, whether small or large, so far as she substitutes more of her own labor in the stead of ours for her own wants; just so much will be on a general balance a clear profit to her community, while the intercourse with ours is stopped; and a loss to Great-Britain irrecoverable so far, as during the melancholy interval the arts of manufacture may be better established, and more extended in that continent; but if extended beyond frugal uses, the yeomanry there will sink into futile and enervating enjoyments, the source of venality and discord, and in their turn verify a celebrated axiom in politics, that discontent, murmurs, profusion and outward show are the sure signs of a state in decay.
Sir, you have repeatedly heard before this day of the large debt from the colonists to our merchants: an uncontrollable truth to the permanent amount of millions. Grievous, as humanity must be, at any occurrence, which puts such a property, and so many meritorious subjects in peril, or even under a temporary anxiety; yet such being the course of that trade, the effect of a voluntary conduct, public policy hath cause to rejoice, at the same time to acknowledge a high, though unsought obligation to the merchant, who by this practice holds in his hand the principal bond of colony dependence, enforces the act of navigation, and becomes in the public behalf the true guardian of that half divine law, the work of penetration and wisdom equal to the great men, who framed it. Illicit traffic is common to all regions and governments, not to be avoided in any, but by a strict care not to lead into temptation. Upon the whole no commercial regulation hath been more accurately observed, than the act of navigation, to which the American Congress most intelligibly submits, and which in the deprivation of capital privileges and liberties, enjoyed by their fellow-subjects here, comprehends their contribution for protection: an act, which hath generally been well obeyed by them, and the merchants at home hath made it their interest. A foreign correspondent might account most justly for the neat proceeds of tobacco, rice, sugar, &c. but will not give credit for a surer mode; and for that reason doth not receive such consignments even from the less scrupulous observers of the law. The British merchant on a hundred pound, neat from a consignment, readily supplies the American's wants for a hundred and twenty, thirty, how far is immaterial. This accommodation he hath not, and though long habit doth not try to have from any quarter out of Great-Britain, and therefore chooses to send his produce through her channel; nor will a few exceptions invalidate the argument; and till the awful volume of earthly vicissitudes shall disclose the fatal page, where that Omnipotent Hand, which hath lifted up and cast down the proudest dominion of old, may have written the designation of empire to the child; till then the merchant of Great-Britain will keep the child in all possible dependence on the parent.
Sir, after all, though my fellow subjects rise more and more in the flattering confidence, that the colonies will not adhere to their arguments, I do not commit myself in asserting the contrary; I do not pronounce, that they will: I only suggest, that they may, and on that supposition have attempted to sue what England, Scotland and Ireland stake on the contest; nothing less, than a long approved and successful system, embracing every circumstance of national stability, prosperity and lustre. For what this is put in hazard, I humbly hope, is a question too serious for casuistry; and, I humbly believe, solely to be measured by expediency and practicability under the direction of that great council, which holds the guardianship of three Kingdoms, and their boundless dependencies.
Right, authority, sovereignty, dignity, supremacy are admitted to the utmost extent of their ground. Is there not another ground antecedent and original, that from the nature of mankind, there never was, nor is, and never will be a community, who after the possession of benefits, delivered down from father to son for more than a century, will be persuaded to relinquish such possession by any plea of law and right, urged with all the eloquence of advocates? A force superior to argument is requisite, which brings the question back to expediency and practicability.
Conceive not, Sir, that our very thoughts have presumed to interfere with the councils or determinations of the state; but as the present subject of deliberation and measures is too pregnant with events not to run far into the future, we submissively hope, that the facts, we have produced, and the deductions from them, if not in the present hour, may prove of some utility hereafter.
You in your future deliberations will separate the frivolous from the important, the specious and the plausible from the sound and the true. You, searching the depths of human nature, will not be misled by false and popular opinion; and when the force of self-interest is alledged at this momentous crisis, you will discover, that interest is not the predominant ruler of mankind—I repeat, that interest is not the predominant ruler of mankind. The low indeed are under that
rigid influence; but the many are governed by passion, whose train I need not arrange. Permanence in acts of violence from one quarter, and perseverance in another to suffer, may be in both the result of passion. Passion can misinterpret words, give solidity to empty sounds, and convert shadow to substance. Passion could give weight to the cry of the church, when Such everell infatuated a nation, removed above all others for solid sense, and depth of thought.
To conclude: If, Sir, in any future operation this honorable House may condescend to a moment's remembrance of us, our appearance may prove not altogether in vain. Although there is still much remaining to offer, permit us now to withdraw, unreprieved, we hope, by you; but surely so by our own conscientious feelings in thus attempting our discharge of a duty to the public—Over the acts are passed and passing, I do not breathe out a word—only a parting sigh.
GRANTLAND & HARWOOD,
COACH-MAKERS;
RESPECTFULLY inform their friends and the public in general, that they have commenced the above business on the back-street, between the Bell-Tavern and Col. Mayo's bridge, where they are prepared to make and repair, GIGS, PHILONS, COACHES, &c. in the neatest and most fashionable manner. All new work done by the subscribers, will be warranted for twelve months, except it should be broken by accident.
SAMUEL GRANTLAND, JR. ARCHIBALD R. HARWOOD. Richmond, May 12th, 1808. [3t. 1.w.]
VALUABLE MANUFACTURING MILL & DISTILLERY—
The subscriber will sell or lease for a term of years, with or without a distillery, containing five stills of near 1000 gallons, the valuable MILL on Appomattox river, in Cumberland, lately owned by William Skipwith. The house is 66 feet long, 26 wide, and three stories high, containing 2 pair best burr and 1 pair corn stones, with Evans's patent machinery and a Saw Mill in complete order. Boats pass under the Mill through one of the best locks on the river—the neighborhood affords an abundant supply of wheat, and on the spot are two commodious houses calculated for a store and residence. If sold, the purchaser may be accommodated with 4 or 500 acres of Land, one half in wood. Terms may be known on application to Mr. Jeffers at the Mill or to me near Genito Bridge.
EDMUND HARRISON. Amelia, April 19. (Xamyl)
NOTICE—By virtue of a deed of trust executed to the subscribers by Joseph Pollard, Jr. bearing date the 15th day of November, 1804, and recorded in the county court of Spottsylvania, for the purpose of securing the payment of a debt or debts due from the said Pollard to David Bullock, will be exposed to sale on the premises, for ready money, on Thursday the 16th day of June next one moiety of the mill commonly called and known by the name of Roger's mill, in the lower end of Spottsylvania county together with one moiety of fifty acres of Land adjoining thereon, and the houses and other appurtenances thereon erected, together with fifteen Slaves, as named and conveyed in the aforesaid deed of trust, or so much of the aforesaid property as shall be sufficient fully and completely to carry the said deed of trust into effect, according to the true intent and meaning thereof.
CHARLES SMITH, FREDERICK HARRIS, Trustees. May 10.
NOTICE—By virtue of a deed of trust executed to the subscribers by Francis M. Walthall, for the purpose of securing John Adams.
Will be sold to the highest bidder for ready money at Sterling Smith's Tavern in James Town on Monday the fourth of July next, Three Negros; Jenny, Saly and Reamy, or so much of the said property as will be sufficient to raise the sum of $5 407, 48 cts with interest from the 18th day March last, and the necessary expenses attending the sale.
STERLING SMITH, BENAJAH MARSHAL, Trustees. Prince Edward 18th May.
NOTICE—The Corporation of Richmond.
Rutherford and Co. will be dissolved on the 30th June next: All those therefore, who may have claims against the said firm, or either of the partners, are invited in the mean time to apply for payment, and they earnestly request those indebted to them to settle their respective accounts as speedily as possible.
THOMAS RUTHERFORD, FREDERICK ARGYLE. Richmond, May 6. (Flem. 7/94)
TO MR. JOHN HOPKINS—Sir—
Please to take Notice, That I shall, on the 30th day of June next, between the hours of 8 o'clock in the forenoon and 6 o'clock in the afternoon, at the Bell Tavern, in the city of Richmond, commence taking the depositions of sundry persons to be used as evidence in a suit now depending and undetermined, in the Superior Court of Chancery for the Richmond district, (and to adjourn from day to day, until the same are taken:) In which said suit, myself and others are plaintiffs and you are defendant.
THOMAS BURLING. Richmond, May 6, 1808.
RICHMOND TILE MANUFACTORY—
The subscriber having procured the exclusive right to manufacture in this and several other states Harwood's much improved Patent Tile for covering houses, and at considerable expense erected the necessary buildings, &c. for carrying on that useful business extensively, now offers to supply, at a short notice, any quantity that may be required, at the moderate price of thirty-five dollars per thousand, delivered at his Factory. He can with confidence, founded on actual experiment, in the covering of about 20 houses in this city, assert, that houses can be covered with this tile as cheap in the first instance, as with shingles of the first quality, and when the security against fire, the difference of insurance, the durability and particular construction of those tile to resist the most penetrating rains and snows are considered, he cannot doubt of meeting with considerable encouragement. It requires only the examination of a well covered roof to convince the most prejudiced mind of their superiority to any other tile heretofore made, or to the best of state, and will cost less than the latter, after paying the expense of water carriage to almost any part of this continent.
Particular attention will be paid to orders from other towns, and in all cases where they are shipped, he will deliver them whole and sound, along side the vessels, at the expense of cartage only to the purchasers. Any person skilled in the art of tiling, will put on those tile with great facility, but where they cannot be procured, he can engage a few here who have had some experience, and will go a moderate distance, if the job is of sufficient magnitude and their travelling expenses paid.
BENJAMIN DUVAL. Richmond, March 22. [Cp2w&lawf.]
N. B. I wish to sell Patent Rights in several other States. B. D.
THE MILLING BUSINESS which has heretofore been carried on under the firm of LADD & WENNER, was dissolved on the first instant.
THOMAS & AMOS LADD, ISAAC WEBSTER. March 18. [ff]
WAR DEPARTMENT, April 18, 1808.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That separate proposals will be received at the Office of the Secretary for the Department of War, until 12 o'clock, at noon of Monday the 20th of June next, for the supply of all rations that may be required for the use of the United States, from the 1st day of October, 1808, inclusive, to the 1st day of June, 1810, within the states, territories and districts following, viz:
1st, At Niagara, Detroit, Michilimackinac, Fort Wayne, Chicago, and in their immediate vicinities, and at any place or places, where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited, within the territory of Michigan.
2nd, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited, within the states of Kentucky and Tennessee.
3d, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the state of Ohio and the Indiana and Louisiana territories, except Fort Wayne and Chicago and their immediate vicinities.
4th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched or recruited within the Mississippi and Orleans territories.
Separate proposals will also be received as aforesaid for the supply of all rations which may be required for the use of the United States, from the 1st day of January 1809 inclusive, to the 1st day of June 1810, within the several states following, viz:
5th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the district of Maine, and state of New Hampshire.
6th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited, within the state of Vermont.
7th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of Massachusetts, the town of Springfield excepted.
8th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the states of Connecticut and Rhode-Island.
9th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of New-York-Niagara and its dependencies excepted.
10th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of New-Jersey.
11th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of Pennsylvania.
12th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the states of Maryland and Delaware.
13th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of Virginia.
14th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of North-Carolina.
15th, At any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the state of South-Carolina.
16th, At Ocmulgee Old Fields, and at any place or places where troops are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the limits of the state of Georgia.
17th, Proposals will also be received as aforesaid, for the supply of all rations which may be required by the United States, for the troops which are or may be stationed, marched, or recruited within the town of Springfield in the state of Massachusetts; and for the officers and other persons employed in the United States' Army at that place, from the 1st day of January 1809 inclusive, to the 1st day of June 1810.
A ration to consist of one pound and one quarter of beef, or three quarters of a pound of pork, eight ounces of bread or flour, one gill of rum, whiskey or brandy, & at the rate of two quarts of salt, four quarts of vinegar, four pounds of soap, & one pound and a half of candles, to every hundred rations. The prices of the several component parts of the ration shall be specified; but the United States reserve the right of making such alterations in the price of the component parts of the ration aforesaid, as shall make the price of each part thereof bear a just proportion to the proposed price of the whole ration. The rations are to be furnished in such quantities that there shall at all times, during the term of the proposed contract, be sufficient for the consumption of the troops at Michilimackinac, Detroit and Chicago, for six months in advance; and at each of the other posts on the western waters, for at least three months in advance, of good and wholesome provisions, if the same shall be required. It is also to be permitted to all and every of the commanders of fortified places or posts, to call for, at seasons when the same can be transported, or at any time in case of necessity, such supplies of like provisions in advance, as in the discretion of the commandant shall be deemed proper.
It is understood that the contractor is to be at the expense and risk of issuing the supplies to the troops, and that all losses sustained by the depredations of an enemy, or by means of the troops of the United States shall be paid by the United States at the price of the articles captured or destroyed as aforesaid, on the deposition of two or more persons of creditable characters, and the certificate of a commissioned officer, stating the circumstances of the loss, and the amount of the articles for which compensation shall be claimed.
The privilege is understood to be reserved to the United States of requiring that none of the supplies, which may be furnished under any of the proposed contracts, shall be issued, until the supplies which have been or may be furnished under contracts now in force, have been consumed; and that a supply in advance may be always required at any of the fixed posts on the sea coast or Indian frontier, not exceeding three months.
H. DEARBORN, Secretary of War. May 14. [cp3w]
TRUST DEED—By virtue of a de
trust executed to William F. Carter, Shelton Crosthwait, by Alexander B. Rose for the payment of a debt due to Mumpff & Co. as therein expressed, will be offered for sale, to the highest bidder, for ready money, at Amherst court-house, on Saturday the 4th day of June next, all that Tract of LAND lying in the county of Amherst, on Tye River and Mat-Creek, whereon the said Alexander B. Rose now resides, supposed to contain two thousand five hundred and thirty acres, adjoining the Lands of Thomas Massie, David S. Garland, Thomas Fitzhugh, Henry Rose and Philip Ryan. The subscribers being trustees for the benefit of others they will only warrant the title of the above mentioned land as to themselves and those claiming under them.
WILLIAM F. CARTER, SHELTON CROSTHWAIT, Trustees. May 10. (3w)
NOTICE—All persons indebted to the Estate
of Marcus Elcan, deceased, are requested to make immediate payment, and creditors to present their claims without delay.
C. J. MACMURDO, JOS. MARX, Exors. Richmond, May 17, 1808. (ff)
JOSEPH MARX & Co. have on hand an assortment
of German Oznaburgs, Ticklenburgs, Dowlas and Towelling, by the bale, box, or piece. Cogniac Brandy, Molasses, Sack Salt, coarse and fine, which they will sell for cash, tobacco or approved paper. May 17. (ff)
THE Creditors of Humphrey Dabney are
hereby notified, that a second dividend will be made at the house of Ralston & Pleasants, on Monday the 6th of June next.
GAB. RALSTON, HENRY HOVEY, Trustees. Richmond, May 12. (epi6th June)