The enquirer (Richmond, Va.), 1809-06-30 00:00:00

The Enquirer.
VOL. 6.]
RICHMOND, FRIDAY, JUNE 30, 1809.
[No. 15.]
PUBLISHED BY THOMAS RITCHIE, OPPOSITE THE GLOBE TAVERN, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
BY VIRTUE of a Deed of Trust, executed by James H. Gordon dec'd and Maria his wife, to the subscribers, on the first day of November, 1808, and recorded in the Hustings Court of Richmond the 12th December 1808, for the purpose of securing to Robert Johnston the punctual payment of a debt, particularly described in said deed of trust.
Will be sold on the premises to the highest bidder on Monday, the 10th day of next month, one LOT or GROUNDS, denominated by number seventy, containing a half Acre, lying and being in a part of the City of Richmond, commonly known and designated by Duvall's plan of lots, on which is a brick tenement: the sale will take place at five o'clock in the evening, under the provisions of the act of last assembly of Virginia, entitled "an act concerning executions and for other purposes."
June 27. HENRY TURNER, Trustee.
NOTICE. —The next stated annual meeting of the Visitors of William and Mary College, is on the fourth of July. The affairs of the College require the attention of the Visitors, and it is hoped that a Convocation will on that day be formed.
June 27. JAMES SEMPLE, Rector.
THE Stock of GOODS on hand, belonging to the Subscribers, consisting chiefly of GLASS & CROCKERY WARE, & GROceries, will be sold at auction on Friday, the 30th inst. at their store. The conditions of sale will appear in printed bills, which will be handed about prior to the day of sale.
DANIEL TRIPLETT & SON.
N. B. There will also be sold at the same time and place, one thousand dollars value of handsome Mahogany furniture well assorted, & quite new.
THE Partnership of Daniel Triplett & Son, will be dissolved on the first July next.
NIEL TRIPLETT, JOHN R. TRIPLETT.
ALL persons indebted to D. Triplett & Son, are requested to make payment to Daniel Triplett, and those to whom the concern is indebted, are requested to call on said Triplett for settlement, &c.
June 27. DANIEL TRIPLETT, JOHN R. TRIPLETT.
CASH given for VIRGINIA MILITARY LAND WARRANTS granted for services in the Continental Line. Apply to GEO: GREENHOW.
June 27. GEO: GREENHOW.
PURSUANT to a deed of Trust executed to the Subscribers, by Samuel Parsons and Sarah his wife, for the benefit of William Cooke and Thomas and Amos Ladd, and other creditors of the said Parsons, will be sold, at public Auction, on the respective premises, on Monday the 17th of next month (July) the following property situate in the city of Richmond, viz.
Nearly three fourths of the half-acre of ground, designated in the plan of the said City by lot No. 436, between Thomas Ladd and the Hay-Market square, bounded on the North East, by the street which passes between the Hay-Market square and the public Foundry.
All that part of lot No. 413 on the North East side of the Basin which is bounded by the street running by the Bank and Robert McKim's, to Cary Street, thence by the latter street to the brick House occupied by Mr. James Smith as a Bakery—thence at right angles to the alley between the said lot of Robert McKim's—thence by the said alley to the first mentioned street. This lot is held by a deed which conveys all the interest of Byrd's Trustees and Heirs. But is subject to the appearance of a Ticket. The title papers of both lots will be exhibited at the sale. The grounds will be sold entire, or divided, as may appear convenient.
Ten shares in the Richmond Turnpike Company—also a Coseh and pair of horses, together with sundry articles of Household and Kitchen furniture and other personal property.
Terms of sale will be twelve months credit of the lots, or Notes negotiable and payable at the Bank of Virginia satisfactorily endorsed, & Titles to be fulfilled as further security until the notes be fully paid; or at the option of the purchasers, one fourth in hand, and deeds of Trust on the property sold to secure the other three fourths. The Turnpike shares and the personal property will be for cash or a short credit, as may be deemed fit on the day. The sale will commence at 12th o'clock on Lot No. 413.
E. CARRINGTON, } Trustee. RICHARD ADAMS, } Trustee. GEORGE GREENHOW. } Trustee.
June 23. tds.
NOTICE. —That on the 17th day of next month, will be sold to the highest bidder, on the premises in this city, (unless privately sold before,) a three story brick house, (unfurnished) 20 by 40 feet, together with the ground of the same width, extending back to an alley, situate on Cary's Street, running parallel with the Basin, and opposite to Nicholson and Heath's Coal yard. Terms of sale, $1000 in hand, $1000 in six months, the remaining balance, divided equally in 12 and 18 months, from the first instant. A Deed of Trust, on the said property, and bonds of the purchasers, will be required to secure the three last payments.
Samuel Parsons.
A REWARD of twenty dollars will be given for the delivery, to us, of a TRUNK, which was put in charge of a negro waterman, on the 11th ult. to be carried to Milton. It was a hair trunk of about 7 or 8 feet cubic contents, labeled on a card on the top T. I. No. 28, and contained principally writing paper of various qualities, but also some other articles of stationery, a pocket telescope with a brass case, a Dynamometer in steel and brass, or instrument for measuring the exertions of draught animals, a collection of vocabularies of the Indian languages, & some other articles not particularly noted in the memorandum taken.
May 30. GIBSON & JEFFERSON.
PROPOSALS for furnishing materials, and building a POWDER MAGAZINE.—In pursuance of an advice of the Council of State, proposals will be received by me, until the first day of July next, for furnishing materials and building a Powder Magazine.
The plan and dimensions will be made known by Application to
AFM. DOUGLASS.
A PAIR of HORSES STOLEN.—TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD. —Stolen from the commons of Manchester, on Thursday night, the 8th inst. a pair of black HORSES—one a brown black, very thick set, and well made, his left hind foot white—the other, a jet or deep black, of rather slender make; both nearly the same age, eight or nine years, about five feet high—they pace, trot and gallop, and run well in harness. I will give ten dollars reward with reasonable expenses, to any person delivering them to me, or five dollars for such information that I get them again, and twenty dollars for the apprehension and conviction of the thief.
June 20. CORNELIUS BUCK.
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Monday, May 29.
DEBATE.
On Mr. Randolph's motion for approving the late conduct of the President of the U. States—Continued.
Mr. Johnson said, that at his extra session he had fondly hoped he should have it in his power to be a silent member; but he regretted, that duty compelled him to address the Speaker at this late hour of the day, when all must be fatigued, and upon a subject that had involved a discussion unpleasant, unprofitable and even mischievous. The Executive, in his communication to us, (said Mr. J.) has avoided detail upon the subject of the expected negotiation in the late settlement of our differences, and we should avoid it as much as possible. But this motion has been introduced for the laudable purpose of discovering the difference of opinion in this place upon the late transactions respecting our foreign relations with Great Britain, by the settlement of the affair of the Chesapeake, and the renewal of commercial intercourse. The gentleman from Virginia, believes there are men in this house who disapprove the conduct of the President. I disbelieve it, because I have no evidence of it. I have heard in this body and out of doors universal approbation. The prospect of peace has been hailed as a political jubilee. No difference does exist upon the subject. But, sir, there is a diversity of sentiment or expectation, how the promised negotiation with Great Britain will ultimate. Some are more and others less sanguine. And when we consult the volume of experience, and recollect the many important subjects of settlement, it is not wonderful if we should have our fears and our hopes on the subject in different degrees. Let us hope for good, but be prepared for evil, that a reverse of the present prospect may not change excessive joy into deep mourning.
The mover of this resolution has attempted to draw a line of distinction between the late and the present administration, in respect to our foreign relations. The two administrations, so far as Mr. Madison has progressed, are the same in principle, and the same in conduct, animated by the same spirit of moderation, firmness and justice towards other nations. But the mover of this motion says, the propositions under the two administrations were different, and that the late adjustment is more advantageous to Great Britain. The propositions made by Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Madison were the same. In the first instance they were rejected by Mr. Canning with a sneering contempt unworthy of a great man. The proposition in each case was this: Rescind your orders in council, and we will suspend the laws interdicting the commercial intercourse between the two nations. Upon what principle did Mr. Canning reject this just offer? Because Bonaparte had blockaded the continent, and he was determined that the present and future generations should see, that Great Britain would never relinquish her orders in council until the policy of Bonaparte should be abandoned; that the honor and the power of the British government rested in some good degree upon it. But now the same propositions have been accepted, although the continent is more completely blockaded than when the same proposition had been rejected—for even Spain and Portugal, upon which British hopes rested, are now closed. Those who opposed the wise measures of our government may say, to shield themselves, that we have yielded. We have not yielded. Great Britain has abandoned her unjust system of restriction upon our commerce; and the United States stand redeemed from any charge of inconsistency. It will be a difficult task to convince the enlightened citizens of the United States, that there has been a difference in the conduct of the present and the late illustrious President. So far from the shadow of proof, that such a difference does exist, the very act of the present chief magistrate, grew out of the law of Congress passed under Mr. Jefferson's administration. This law gave certain powers and imposed certain duties to be exercised and performed upon certain and defined contingencies. Upon the happening of these contingencies, viz: the rescinding the orders in council, &c. Mr. Madison promptly performed his duty, by suspending our non intercourse system as to Great Britain, for the renewal of our commerce. Who is so sagacious in the powers of discrimination as to draw a line of distinction, when the conduct of the administrations are so united and identified, that the act of one grew out of the law of the other? But the measures of our government, which have produced such happy results, are likely to be popular; and it is necessary for those who thought we took too high ground, to secure a retreat in their defeat, by endeavoring to draw this nice distinction. But it is said, that the late adjustment is more advantageous to Great Britain than the former proposal by us, because our waters are not interdicted to British armed vessels, and because French armed vessels are prohibited. Sir, the interdict which excludes British and French armed vessels, still remains in full force and virtue. It has not been taken off as to British armed vessels. The proclamation of the President has only made the trade renewable on the 10th of June. He had no control over the interdict; nor did the British minister make it a sine qua non, as did Mr. Rose, in settling the affair of the Chesapeake. Here again we have remained firm, and Great Britain has yielded to the improper ground which she had previously taken. It is said that French armed vessels are now excluded our waters, and this was not the case when former propositions were made to the British ministry; and that we are now in the situation, as it respects France, that Great Britain wished. Admit all this, and what is the result?—That France had done nothing to induce an interdict of her armed vessels when the attack was made on the Chesapeake, which was the principal, though not the only event which produced the proclamation of interdict against Great Britain—and certainly no American would wish to take hostile measures against a nation, without previous aggression.
(Debate to be Continued.)
SENATE OF THE U. STATES.
June 19.
On motion of Mr. Giles, Resolved, That the President of the U. S. be requested to cause to be laid before the Senate, such information as he may deem proper to communicate, respecting the unfortunate exiles lately expelled from the Island of Cuba, and who may have arrived, or are expected to arrive within the jurisdiction of the United States; and also respecting any propositions which may have been made to him by the minister plenipotentiary of France, for the purpose of facilitating the removal of any of the said exiles with their slaves and other effects, from the United States to any place within the dominions of France.
The senate resumed the 3d reading of the bill for the remission of certain penalties and forfeitures, &c. when it was recommitted to Messrs. Giles, Anderson, Crawford, Franklin and Hillhouse.
Mr. Anderson, from the committee to whom was referred the bill to direct the sale of gun-boats, reported the bill amended.
The bill to appropriate certain public grounds, in the City of Washington, for the erection of public baths, was read a second time, and ordered to be engrossed for a third reading.
The bill to amend and continue in force, the act to interdict the commercial intercourse between the United States and Great Britain and France and their dependencies, and for other purposes, was read the third time and PASSED UNANIMOUSLY; the following gentlemen voting in the affirmative, viz:—Messrs. Anderson, Bayard, Brent, Candler, Crawford, Franklin, Gaillard, German, Giles, Gilman, Goodrich, Gregg, Griswold, Hillhouse, Lambert, Leib, Lloyd, Mathewson, Meigs, Parker, Pickering, Pope, Reed, Robinson, Smith of N. York, Thurston, Turner, White and Whiteside.
June 20.
Mr. Leib submitted the following resolution. Resolved, That a committee be appointed to enquire into the expediency of providing, by law, for the exclusion of foreign armed vessels from the ports and harbors of the U. S. with leave to report by bill or otherwise.
The Senate resumed the consideration of the bill to direct the sale of gun-boats.
When, on motion of Mr. Reed, the further consideration thereof was postponed until the first Monday of December next.
Mr. Brent reported a bill making an appropriation to finish and furnish the Senate Chamber, and for other purposes, which was twice read and ordered to a third reading. This bill was subsequently passed. It appropriates 16,500 dollars.
A written message was received from the President of the United States, transmitting such information as has been received respecting exiles from Cuba, arrived, or expected within the United States; also a letter from General Turreau connected with that subject.
Referred to the committee appointed on the bill for the remission of certain penalties, &c.
The bill to appropriate certain public ground, in the city of Washington, for the erection of public baths, was read the third time; when a motion to postpone the same until the first Monday in December, prevailed. Yeas 13—Nays 13—as follows:
YEAS.—Messrs. Anderson, Candler, Franklin, Gaillard, German, Gilman, Gregg, Griswold, Hillhouse, Lambert, Mathewson, Pickering, Robinson, Smith of N. York, Turner.
NAYS.—Messrs. Bayard, Brent, Crawford, Giles, Goodrich, Leib, Lloyd, Meigs, Pope, Reed, Thurston, White and Whiteside.
Wednesday, June 21.
The senate resumed the consideration of the motion submitted yesterday, that a committee be appointed to enquire into the expediency of providing by law for the exclusion of foreign armed vessels from the ports and harbors of the U. S.
Mr. Reed moved to postpone the consideration of this motion to the 1st Monday in December.
This motion was negatived.—Yeas 9, Nays 19.
YEAS.—Messrs. Bayard, German, Gilman, Goodrich, Hillhouse, Lloyd, Pickering, Reed and White.
NAYS.—Messrs. Anderson, Brent, Candler, Crawford, Franklin, Gaillard, Giles, Gregg, Griswold, Lambert, Leib, Mathewson, Meigs, Parker, Pope, Robinson, Smith of N. York, Turner and Whiteside.
The motion was then agreed to, & Messrs. Leib, Crawford, Giles, Anderson and Pope appointed the committee.
Thursday, June 22.
The bill for the remission of certain penalties and forfeitures, and for other purposes, was passed; as was likewise the bill authorizing the accounting officers of the Treasury Department to give credit to certain collectors of the customs for allowances paid by them to the owners and crews of fishing vessels.
June 23.
Mr. Pope, agreeably to leave, introduced a bill freeing from postage all letters and packets from Thomas Jefferson, which was read twice.
Mr. Leib, from the committee appointed on the 20th inst. to enquire into the expediency of providing, by law, for the exclusion of foreign armed vessels from the ports and harbors of the United States, made the following report, which was ordered to lie on the table.
"THAT in the opinion of the committee, such an interdiction is within the just and neutral rights of the United States, and, under other circumstances, would be highly expedient and proper. So long as a neutral nation shall confine itself to strict measures of impartiality, allowing no benefit to one belligerent, not stipulated by treaty, which it shall refuse to another; no cause whatever is afforded for exception or complaint. The right to admit an armed force into a neutral territory, belongs exclusively to the neutral; and when not guaranteed by treaty, as is oft times the case, such admission compromises the neutrality of the nation, which permits to one belligerent alone such an indulgence.
"As a measure of safety as well as of peace, it is incumbent upon the United States to carry into effect such a provision. So long as we are without a competent force to protect our jurisdiction from violation, and our citizens from outrage and our flag from insult, so long ought no asylum to be given, but in distress, to the armed vessels of any nation. The committee will not bring into view, the many injuries and insults which the United States have sustained from the hospitable grant of their ports and harbors to belligerents; nor the facility which has thereby been afforded to them to lay our commerce under contribution. It is sufficient to remark, that great injuries have been sustained, and that impious duty requires arrangements at our hands to guard our country in future from similar aggressions.
"The United States are, at this moment, under no obligation to withhold restraints, within their power, upon the admission of foreign armed vessels into their ports; but the committee are too strongly impressed with the propriety of avoiding any legislative interference at this time, which, by any possibility, might be construed into a desire to throw difficulties in the way of promised and pending negotiations. They are desirous that a fair experiment may be made to adjust our differences with the two belligerent nations, and that no provisions be interwoven in our laws, which shall furnish a pretext for delay, or a refusal to yield to our just and honorable demands.
"Calculating that the overtures which have been made by Great Britain will be executed in good faith, the committee are willing to believe, that the stipulated arrangements will be of such a character, as to guard our flag from insult, our jurisdiction from aggression, our citizens from violation and our merchandise property from spoliation. Under these impressions, which the committee have stated as briefly as possible, they beg leave to submit to the consideration of the Senate, the following resolution, viz:
"Resolved, That the further consideration of the subject, be postponed until the next session of Congress."
Mr. Lloyd, from the committee to whom was referred the bill from the House, entitled "An act supplementary to the act entitled "An act making further provision for the support of public credit, and for the re-
demption of the public debt," reported the bill with amendments.
June 24.
The bill freeing from postage all letters and packets from Thomas Jefferson, was passed.
The bill making appropriations for the contingent expenses of the two Houses was considered, when the section appropriating 4,000 dollars for the purchase of books, maps and charts was disagreed to.—Yeas 10—Nays 17.
Mr. Pope, with leave, introduced a bill in addition to the act, to regulate the laying out and making a road from Cumberland, Maryland, to the state of Ohio, which was read twice.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Friday, June 23.
A bill from the Senate authorizing the Comptroller of the Treasury to give credit to certain collectors of the customs for sums paid by them to the owners of fishing vessels, &c. and a bill for the remission of certain forfeitures and penalties, and for other purposes, (inflicted on the sufferers from Havana, who have unwittingly violated the law prohibiting the importation of slaves); were twice read and committed.
A communication was received from the Secretary of the Treasury, in pursuance of a resolution of this House of the 17th inst. enclosing copies of proceedings of the commissioners of the Sinking Fund and the correspondence between the Secretary of the Treasury and the Bank of the United States, in relation to a loan under the act supplementary to the act for the further support of public credit & the redemption of the public debt.
The engrossed bill concerning the naval establishment, was read the third time.
Mr. Mason said he would take occasion at this time, to notice the difference between the several statements received at different times from the Navy Department. He compared the reports made the 10th of December, 1807, and on the 6th of June, inst. the latter report stating the expenses of the gun boats at nearly double of the estimate in the former. He presumed that when the one was made, there was a zeal for gun-boats, and when the other was made, there was a fever for frigates and fast-sailing vessels instead of them. It was stated also, that it required forty-five men to manage a gun-boat with one or two guns. He could not conceive how it would require the same number of men for a boat with one gun as for a boat with two. These things he mentioned, being an anti-navy man, to show the inconsistency which always attended statements from that department.
The bill was passed without opposition.
The engrossed bill making an appropriation to defray the contingent expenses of the two Houses of Congress, was read the third time. Mr. Root moved to re-commit it, with a view of striking out the appropriation for the library of Congress. This motion was opposed by Messrs. Fisk, Gold, Quincy and Livermore, and supported by Messrs. Smilie, Rhea and Holland; and negatived, 55 to 52. The bill was then passed, 60 to 37.
FOREIGN RELATIONS.
The House again resolved itself into a committee of the whole, Mr. Bassett in the chair, on the bill from the Senate to amend and continue in force the non-intercourse act.
Mr. J. G. Jackson modified his motion made yesterday, explanatory of the intention to admit the public armed vessels of Great Britain and France, by making it apply to the public armed vessels of any nation whatever.
The motion as modified was opposed by Mr. Ross.
Mr. Gold moved to amend the amendment by substituting for the word "whatsoever" the words "Belonging to Great Britain," so as to admit only the armed vessels of Great Britain.
Mr. Gold and Mr. Whitman spoke in support of his motion, and Mr. J. G. Jackson against it.
Mr. J. G. Jackson then withdrew his motion altogether.
Mr. Sheffey moved to amend the first section of the bill by adding, after the proviso, the following: "And provided also, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent any public vessel from entering the waters and harbors of the United States belonging to any nation with whom commercial intercourse shall have been permitted."
Mr. Sheffey spoke in support of his motion.
Mr. Eppes opposed it.
Mr. Taylor also opposed it.
Mr. Dana supported the motion.
Mr. Rhea spoke against the motion, and Mr. Cook in favor of it.
On motion of Mr. Varham, the committee rose, 58 to 38, reported progress and obtained leave to sit again, 57 to 41, those opposed to sitting again being in favor of continuing the discussion in the House, with a view to obtain a greater attention to it than was paid in committee, many members being absent during the debate.
The House adjourned about four o'clock.
Saturday, June 24.
Mr. Johnson stated that he had been requested by a committee of citizens to make a motion that the House should come to the following resolution, to which he hoped there would be no objection.
"Resolved, That if Congress shall not be in session on the 4th of July, the citizens of the District of Columbia shall be permitted to occupy the Representatives' Chamber, for the purpose of attending the delivery of any discourse prepared for the celebration of that day.
The House agreed to consider the resolution, 55 to 17.
Messrs. Lewis, Quincy and Lyon opposed the resolution on the ground that this hall should be set apart as sacred for legislative purposes; that the furniture might be injured by the indiscriminate admission of persons; and that it would be improper in this House in any way to give encouragement to any party celebrations of that or any other day.

Messrs. Johnson, Burwell, Cook and Smith supported the motion. They observed that no building reared by mortal hands was too sacred for the celebration of that day; that there was no intention to foster party spirit; and that sufficient reliance might be placed on the good order of the citizens, that they would not injure the furniture of the House.
Mr. Van Horn rising to oppose it, Mr. Johnson withdrew it to avoid occupying the time of the House with it.
Mr. Cook renewed the motion; but the House refused to consider it.
The House refused to go into committee on the non-intercourse bill; and on motion of Mr. Findley, the House resolved itself into a committee of whole, Mr. Bassett in the chair, on the report of the contested election of William Baillies, Ayes 66.
Before the report was read, Mr. Dana moved that the committee rise, under a belief that time had not been allowed for the consideration of the report; he wished not to be driven in so great a hurry to the decision of so important a question, which it was impossible to decide without mature consideration. It was observed by Mr. Burwell, that it was for the purpose of consideration alone that the House went into committee; that it could not be expected the committee could rise immediately after they agreed to go into committee; and that if a disposition was manifested to drive the House from the consideration of the subject, it might produce a counter-determination to persevere in it. Mr. Dana observing that he had no desire but for a fair consideration, withdrew his motion.
The report was then read, concluding with a recommendation of the following resolutions:
Resolved , That the election held in Plymouth district in November last, was legal and proper.
Resolved , That Wm. Baillies is not entitled to his seat.
Resolved , That Charles Turner, jun. is entitled to a seat in this House.
Mr. Findley moved that the petitioner, Charles Turner, may be admitted to a seat in the House during the discussion. Agreed to without debate and without opposition.
A motion was made by Mr. Taylor, that the committee rise and report progress. His object was to move a resolution for a postponement of the further consideration of the subject till next session.
This motion was supported by Messrs. Taylor, Troop, Pitken, Sheffey, Livermore, Baillies, Whitman, Ross, and Lyon; and opposed by Messrs. Rhea, J. G. Jackson, Boyd, Holland, Turner (the petitioner), Varnum and Love. The arguments which appeared to be most relied on by the mover of the postponement, and those who spoke on the same side of the question, was, that the depositions and testimony taken in this case, although it was admitted that reasonable notice was given to the sitting member, who did not attend, were taken under the authority of no existing law, and were not such as would govern a court of justice; that the sitting member not having attended at the time of taking the depositions, from the belief that they were illegal, the testimony was wholly ex parte , and however decisive it was admitted by some gentlemen to be, was not such as, in candor or justice, the house would decide on without permitting the sitting member to bring testimony to rebut it.
To this it was replied, that for several years there had been no law prescribing the mode for taking testimony in cases of contested elections, in the course of which time several contested elections had been decided by the House on testimony taken under no law, but under the guidance of common reason; that during the first session of the last Congress, the seat of Mr. Culpepper was vacated on testimony undoubtedly taken in this manner, and under no express law; and that the House having heretofore, in various cases, decided in this way, it was not to be expected that they would in this instance desert the principles on which they had acted.
Other arguments, however, founded on facts, stated by the sitting member and the petitioner, were introduced into the debate, by gentlemen speaking on both sides of the question, to support their respective opinions.
The question on the committee's rising was taken about 5 o'clock and carried, 53 to 33.
The committee were refused leave to sit again, ayes 33.
And the house adjourned.
EUROPE.
NEW-YORK, June. FURTHER TRANSLATIONS. FROM DUTCH PAPERS, WITH APPROPRIATE REMARKS, BY THE GENTLEMAN WHO FAVOURED US WITH THEM.
VIENNA, April 12. It is expected that the Emperor will return here about the 20th of this month from the army. The prince of Schwarzenberg, will leave his post as Minister at the court of St. Petersburg, and take a command in the army. One of our ministers at another court, is to be appointed in his place.
The English Charge d'Affaires Stewart, will await here the arrival of an Ambassador from his country.
The advanced corps of the Austrian army, with which there are some battalions of the militia called free corps, are now commanded by the renowned Prince John of Lichtenstein, one of the richest noblemen at our court.
In Bohemia they are raising a free corps, amounting to about 10,000 men.
NUREMBERG, April 21. Yesterday a detachment of Austrian light troops, commanded by Major Mezger, entered this town, and were followed by riflemen of the same nation. These troops are a part of light Bohemian corps.
AUGSBURG, April 21. The day before yesterday, a number of troops marched through here. The post from Munich, has not arrived here since the Austrians took that city. A strong cannonade was heard in the direction of Freysingen. The seat of war is drawing towards the borders of Donau. As yet we have no official account of the different skirmishes. In a short time a decisive battle must take place.
[The other accounts contained in the latest Dutch paper, unite in saying, that on the 21st April, a battle took place on the bank of Donau, between the united Bavarian & Wirtemberg armies and two regiments of French
Cuirassiers, the whole directed by the French Emperor in person on the one side, and the Austrian army. Nothing is now said of the Archduke Charles, and as Prince Lichtenstein, who commanded the advanced guard of the Austrian army, is said to be wounded; it is probable that only that part of the Austrians were engaged in the above mentioned battle, which was certainly not a general engagement, and even the result of it is very much to be questioned, as the reports in the Dutch papers, are vague and unsatisfactory. N. Y. Gaz. ]
PHILADELPHIA, June 23. Extract of a letter, dated Amsterdam, 22d April, to a merchant of this city, received by the Virginia, via New-York.
"We forwarded you a few lines under the 13th inst. advising that our ports had been thrown open for the free export and import of a number of articles to and from neutral ports, without giving bonds. Colonial produce remain excluded, but Tobaccoes are, on the other hand, admitted. None of the American vessels that are here, will venture to take any goods, owing to the late British Orders of Council which exposes them to capture, they return home in ballast. Hostilities have already commenced between the Austrians and French, the former have penetrated a considerable way into the Bavarian territory; no direct accounts can be received from the theatre of war, through the medium of newspapers. This new event will not be much benefit to our markets—Colonial produce is not much in demand, tobaccoes only called for. "We are extremely desirous to hear something of your embargo, opinions relative to its being continued or taken off are very different."
LATEST NEWS FROM LISBON.
Captain O'Connor sailed from Madeira on the 17th of May. On the 16th a Portuguese brig arrived there in 4 days from Lisbon, with dispatches for the Governor, the contents of which had not transpired. We learn verbally that Lisbon remained in possession of the Portuguese and British, who felt themselves perfectly secure from any attack of the French, having sent up the Tagus several gun brigs, and vessels that drew little water, in order to prevent the passage of the French, should they make their appearance.
In addition to the above, a commercial friend has favored us with the following extract of a letter from Madeira, dated the 17th of May, brought by Capt. O'Connor.
"A vessel arrived here yesterday, in 3 days from Lisbon, and brought accounts that the Portuguese and British were all in high spirits in Lisbon—that Sir Arthur Wellesley had marched with a brave army to attack the enemy that were encamped at Oporto—On the arrival of the British army before Oporto, the French commander, offered to capitulate, but Sir Arthur Wellesley would not accede to the terms offered by the French, and it was supposed the whole garrison would surrender to the British as they had but 3 days' provisions."
By an order of the Supreme Junta of Spain, the Vice Royalties of New Spain, Peru, New Grenada, and Buenos Ayres, the Independent Military Government of Cuba, Porto Rico, Guatemala, and Chili, and the Provinces of Venezuela and Phillipines, have been called upon to send Representatives to set in the Junta—each Vice Royalty &c. &c. to send one deputy.
SALEM, June 21.
FROM CADIZ. On Monday arrived at Beverly the schooner Swan, Capt. Woodbury, who sailed from Cadiz the 21st of April, two or three days, we believe, later than any former arrival.
Capt. W. informs us, that the French army was still lying about 18 leagues from Seville, attempting nothing, but waiting reinforcements—that accommodations had been ordered for the Junta in case they should be forced from Seville—that Joseph Bonaparte quitted Madrid for France the 5th April—that at Cadiz they discovered no disposition to give up the patriot cause—that they represented their armies as very numerous and strong—but that amidst the thousands of rumors, it was impossible to ascertain the truth. Gazette.
In the London Morning Chronicle , of May 2d, is published an account of a very large dinner at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, the day preceding, of the Friends of Parliamentary Reform, Sir Francis Burdett was in the chair. Mr. WARDLE, the member of Parliament who conducted the enquiry into the conduct of the Duke of York, was present and treated with the most marked and flattering attention. Major Cartwright, one of the most respectable, indefatigable and intelligent of English reformers, after a short speech proposed the following resolutions:
 1. That it is "the grand principle of the constitution, that the people shall have a share in the government, by a just representation in parliament."  2. That the long duration of Parliament greatly facilitates the corruption of the members, and removes that wholesome check or control on their conduct, a frequent recurrence to the opinion of their constituents.  3. That in a petition presented to the house of commons on the 6th of May 1793, it was offered to be proved at the bar, "that 134 individuals did, by their own authority, appoint or procure the return of 307 members of the house (exclusive of those from Scotland) "who were thus enabled to decide all questions in the name of the whole people of Great Britain."  4. That this meeting believes individual patronage in Boroughs has increased since 1793—that the representation of Scotland is extremely influenced and unfree—that there are great defects in that of Ireland—and that in the English Boroughs called open , the returns are for the most part obtained for money; wherefore upon the whole, it is the opinion of this meeting that a great majority of the members of the commons house, are so returned that the nation is not constitutionally represented; while yet it is taxed to support an expenditure of seventy millions sterling a year.  5. That in the act (commonly called the act of settlement) which placed the house of Brunswick on the throne of these realms, it was asserted and recognized as the constitutional principle, that no person who "has an office or place of profit under the king, or receives a pension from the crown, shall be capable of serving as a member of the house of commons."  6. That it appears by a report laid on the table of the house of commons in June last that 78 of its members are in the regular 
receipt under the crown of 178,994, a year. 7. That in 1782 it was declared by Mr. Pitt in the house of commons, that "seven or eight members of that house were sent there by the Nabob of Arcot, and that a foreign state in enmity to this country, might procure a party to act for it under the mask and character of members of that house."
8. That such a state of representation is a national grievance.
9. That in every department of the state into which enquiry has been made, scandalous corruption; and abuses have been detected.
10. That the exclusion of the public voice from all influence in, and consequent corruption of, the governments of the continental states, have been the causes of their subjugation.
11. That so long as the people shall not be fairly represented, corruption will increase; our debts and taxes will accumulate; our resources will be dissipated; the native energy of the people will be depressed; and the country deprived of its best defence against foreign foes.
12. That to remedy the great and glaring evils of which we complain, it is not necessary to have recourse to theoretical speculations, or dangerous experiments in government, but to the principles handed down to us by the wisdom and virtue of our forefathers.
13. That the remedy is to be found, and to be found only, in a full and fair representation of the people in the commons House of Parliament; a remedy equally necessary to the safety of the throne, and the happiness and independence of the country.
14. That we therefore recommend to every Town, City, and county to take the state of the representation into consideration, and urgently but temperately to apply to parliament to adopt such measures as shall secure to the nation the Reality and uses of Representation.
The resolutions were seconded by Mr. Madocks, the member for Boston, and carried. If these resolutions have met the eye of any man in America, who from any cause whatever, has been induced to think favorably of the government of England, we pray him to turn back, to re-read and consider their import; let him compare that government of debts, taxes, misrepresentation and corruption which they exhibit, with the government under which he lives, and he will find abundant cause for self-gratulation and national pride.
The whole proceedings at the Crown and Anchor, on the first of May, are marked with a more determined character and bespeak a loftier hope of success, than any thing of the kind which has occurred in G. Britain for many years. "The cause for which Hampden bled in the field, and Sidney on the scaffold," was drunk with three times three.
Mr. Wardle read a letter from Sheffield , stating that 15,000 persons had affixed their signatures to an address in favor of a radical reform ; he read another letter, stating that a similar address had been passed at Paisley , in Scotland, and signed by 4,000 persons. Dem. Press.
LAW INTELLIGENCE.
Court of King's Bench, Westminster.
O'MEALY v. WILSON and ANOTHER. The only question for the determination of the jury, in this case, which was an action upon a recognizance, was whether the plaintiff was an alien enemy, a subject of France, and carrying on trade there, and as such not entitled to sue in any of the courts of this country? It had been formerly before the court, upon the point whether an affidavit in France was sufficient to hold a person to bail in the courts here? Mr. O'Mealy had recovered no less than 1,400£ against a person of the name of Noel, for whom Messrs. Wilson and Colquhoun were bail.
This being the state of the question, it fell upon the attorney general, for the defendant, in the original action, to shew why the plaintiff had no right to sue in the country, by his not falling under some of the descriptions stated in the various counts of the declaration. He urged that O'Mealy was an Irishman, and having chosen to settle in France for many years, he no longer owed allegiance to our sovereign, and therefore was not entitled to any of the privileges of a British subject, as had already been decided by our courts in former cases. In support of this allegation, he called
William Deblois, who deposed that he knew Mr. O'Mealy, and had seen him several times in Paris, from the year 1796 to 1802. He had heard him, in conversation say, that he was not ashamed to own his country. The circumstance which led to this conversation was, that there were some Irishmen at Bordeaux who could not get permission from the government to go to some other part of France. A Mr. Miller, who was in company said, "Mr. O'Mealy, what is the reason they will not permit your countrymen to go from Bordeaux?" To this O'Mealy answered, "some of them do not deserve to go any where, but still I am not ashamed to own my country." The conversation was not directed to the witness, but he happened to be present. He had also heard him talk of "his countryman Napper Tandy ." Any man that saw O'Mealy would know that he was an Irishman.
Cross examined by Mr. Parke. The witness proved Mr. O'Mealy's handwriting. He himself was an American, and commanded an American ship. He did not believe that O'Mealy was ever recognized as an American subject.
A letter from O'Mealy was produced and read to prove that he was at Baltimore, on the 30th January, 1803.
Mr. Skipwith deposed, that he had known Michael O'Mealy for 14 years, and had seen him in Paris early in the month of September last. He had heard that he was concerned in business with American citizens.
Cross examined He (the witness) was the American consul at Paris. When he first knew Mr. O'Mealy, he understood him to be engaged in trade with America, and that he was always considered by the American ambassador as an American citizen.
Lord Ellenborough observed that the plaintiff might have been engaged in trade with America, although he may originally have been an Irishman. Mr. Parke, for the plaintiff, contended, that O'Mealy was an American; and although residing in France, was to be deemed a neutral subject, and therefore had a right to sue in our courts. Although the plaintiff's name was apparently Irish, yet it was perfectly well known, that America at this moment is peopled by the descendants of English, Scotch and Irish; so that the mere circumstance, as to the name, amounted to nothing.—There was not sufficient evidence
of his being a native of Great Britain, and abetting the enemies of France; on the contrary, the evidence already adduced, tended more clearly to shew that he was an American. Mr. O'Mealy was therefore to be looked upon as a neutral, resident in an enemy's country.
Lord Ellenborough explained to the Jury the nature of this action, and the effect their decision of this point would have. The defendants had become bail for the original defendant, whom Mr. O'Mealy had sued, and recovered to a considerable amount; if, however, the plaintiff fell under the description of an alien enemy, by his long residence in France, he could not be entitled to sue; and if so the bail for the defendant in that action could not be liable; if they considered him an Irishman, their verdict must be for the defendant; if an American, for the plaintiff; although the plaintiff was proved to have been engaged in business with America, and to have been at Baltimore, in February, 1803, during an interval of peace, yet it might be observed, that according to the forms of the American government, any one, by a complaisance with them, might be recognized as an American citizen. If, however, a person originally born here, resided in France, and carried on commerce there, so as to be assisting the commerce of that country, he must be treated as a French subject, and in civil suits would be considered as an alien enemy.
The Jury being inclined to return a verdict for the defendants, Mr. Parke, in case of further evidence afterwards occurring, expressed a preference to have the plaintiff non-suited.
A verdict to that effect was accordingly given.
BALTIMORE, June 24.
[Communicated for the Federal Gazette]
Extract of a letter from Mr. L. H. Von Holten, dated Hamburg, April 18th, 1809.
"Ships from America may with safety enter this port if provided with certificates of origin; copies of which it is requisite should be sent to Paris immediately after the departure of the vessel. No captain must suffer himself to be boarded by a British cruiser, as that might subject them to difficulty on their arrival here. But I think there is great likelihood of this being done away also very shortly."
The French government has granted permission to all American vessels here, to depart in ballast; those loaded previous to the embargo may proceed with their cargoes. The Danish government also, permits neutrals to enter from and depart for neutral ports, from ports in this neighborhood. "The French custom house officers are still here."
LIBERTY & INDEPENDENCE.
STATE OF HAYTI.
GENERAL ORDER OF THE ARMY, THURSDAY, 18th MAY, 1809, YEAR 6th.
(There has been no General Order of the Army since the 4th April.)
The fort of the rebel John Dugouier, and the four camps which surrounded it, and which were situated on the plantation Saboulin au Boucassin, have just been carried by a coup de main, by major general Peter Toussaint. The rebels have been routed, and owed their escape only to the quickness of flight over the precipices, abandoned their arms, artillery, ammunition, effects, &c. The papers containing the correspondence of John Dugouier with the chiefs of the rebels, and his register book of letters, have been taken.
Two pieces of iron cannon, one a twelve pounder, the other a four, a large quantity of ammunition, cartridges and implements of artillery, together with a number of prisoners, both men and women, are the fruits of this brilliant expedition.
The troops employed did not all participate in the action—the 3d regiment only was engaged. These happy effects are due to the wise dispositions of general Peter Toussaint, who prays very much the intrepidity of the commander Francisco Victor, and the 3d regiment, who so well seconded him.
This expedition being so well terminated, the troops have returned to their respective cantonments.
Done at head quarters, at the Cape, the 18th May, 1809, sixth year of independence. Chief of the staff, P. ROMAIN. Examined and approved of by HENRY CHRISTOPHE.
DOMESTIC.
NEW YORK, June 24.
The ship Yorick , Herman, which (after landing her letters at Fayal) arrived at Madeira in 21 days from New York, was the first vessel that conveyed to either of those places the news of our differences with England being adjusted. The intelligence created a general joy. Such vessels as were discharging their cargoes, were loaded immediately for England; as nothing would sell at Madeira and Fayal excepting cordage and Canvas. The former was scarce and in demand, and sold at nine guineas per cwt. The ship Mercator , Percy, of New Bedford, had also arrived at Madeira from New York.
FREDERICKSBURG, June 28.
MURDER.
On Monday evening last, Mr. John Skinner, of King George County, was killed by some person unknown. Mr. S. left this town about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and about 9 o'clock, immediately after entering his plantation, was fired at; the ball entered his side, and he died in a few minutes. Virginia Herald.
PETERSBURG, June 20.
TOBACCO.
In our paper of the 15th inst. we observed that we were unacquainted with any malpractices existing in Petersburg, in the sale or purchase of Tobacco—but promised that if any such were made known to us, we should not fail to give them publicity.
Since the publication aforesaid, we have been apprised of some practices of a most dishonest nature, prevalent among a certain class of people, which should not pass unnoticed; & which we are sorry to record, because, to use an old and vulgar adage (very frequently exemplified) "one scabby sheep spoils the whole flock," and in the present instance, some people may be so uncharitable as to implicate the whole body of craftsmen and speculators, because a few are concerned in the fraudulent transactions which we are now to communicate. We are told, very credibly told, that some
persons, possessing liberal ideas of national duty, and moral honesty, are in the constant habit of purchasing refused Tobacco, and disposing of the same to advantage in this way. A previous good understanding exists between the buyers of this trash, and certain craftsmen who navigate the river from this place to Norfolk and back again. On the passage, the Inspector's marks and the shipper's marks on the good Tobacco are erased; the same marks are transferred to the refused hogshead, and a regular exchange thus made of bad for good. When arrived at the destined port, the consignee, without more ado, receives the Tobacco, apparently with the inspector's and shipper's marks upon it, and at time it is shipped to Europe. In many cases the tobacco is not landed at all; but merely transferred from the craft to the ship which is to convey it to some foreign port; and by this means detection is more easily avoided. The good tobacco is afterwards sold by the agent of the fraudulent purchaser, for the usual market price, by whom an immense profit is reaped; whilst the honest trader, when his tobacco arrives in England or elsewhere, discovers the consequences of the fraud which has been played upon him: his tobacco sells for less there than it cost in America, and he is left in astonishment and dismay at the unexpected issue of his adventure.
Another cunning and infamous plan of speculation, we are informed, exists in this way:—Some persons (we trust to God there are not many) holding tobacco notes, are in the habit of getting the tobacco re-inspected—and in case any of it, on re-examination, should prove rotten or unmerchantable, (which is often the case, either from the original negligence of the inspectors, or from other causes) venting it on their neighbors as sound and merchantable. These facts (particularly the first) are truly alarming, and call loudly for the interference of the constituted authorities of the state, by whom alone proper remedies can be applied. Already the innocent and upright dealers in tobacco, are suffering from the undue advantages possessed over them by reguish speculators; and the character of our staple commodity is in the high road to depreciation, if not utter ruin. It were better to renew the old law, and confirm refused tobacco to the flames, as therein enacted, than to suffer a continuation of present dishonest dealings, and such shameful evasions of existing Statutes. The law of Virginia on the subject of refused tobacco, is a perfect dead letter.
We trust the next assembly will take the premises into their serious consideration.
NEW-ORLEANS, May 23.
Another Duel, was fought yesterday morning, by Lieut. Chaise, late of the marine Corps, and Dr. Heap, surgeon in the navy. Distance five yards. Each of them received a wound in the right thigh; but neither are supposed to be dangerous.
THE ENQUIRER.
RICHMOND, JUNE 30, 1809.
FOR THE ENQUIRER.
COMMUNICATION.
By Mr. B. of ORANGE.
As zoological enquiries are embraced within the notice of your paper, I hope the present essay will not be deemed unacceptable.—The subject of zoology which I have chosen for my dissertation, is that great animal whose bones have been found in North America and in other parts of our globe, and which by naturalists has been denominated the Mammoth. This immense animal whom we know but by the remains which have defied the ravages of time, whom we have heard of but in the exaggerated tradition of the unlettered savage, has imposed on the contemplations of the philosopher a wonder and astonishment which the suggestions of his ingenuity have never been able to dispel. But his expanded mind never inactive, always unsuppliant to letters, has ranged its excursive flight into the unbounded regions of conjecture and if no settling point has been found, if no Ararat upon which its tried wing might alight has been described, yet some light has been discerned in the horizon, some facts have arisen which may elucidate the investigation. The hypotheses which have had their birth from those facts are as numerous as the grounds for their origination.
While some have advanced that he was exclusively an inhabitant of the land, far greater has been the discordance on the subject of his food, and the several opinions of his being piscivorous, carnivorous and herbivorous, have not failed of being upheld with the most pertinacious zeal. To add to this cloud of darkness, the cause of his extinction next presents itself for development, when the human mind bewildered in the inexplicable speculation, succumbs to its weakness and relinquishing the reasoning which philosophy has prescribed for ever accounting for effects, by the simplest and fewest causes, either turns aside to express the silent astonishment of ignorance or has recourse to a supernatural agency which might have annihilated this most auspicious link in the chain of animated nature. We shall be more bold, but perhaps less prudent than these—shall break down the barrier of acquiescence under ignorance, which ever puts a stop to the progress of human enquiry, and if in the wide sea of conjecture we meet with no friendly beacon which may direct us to truth, we shall endeavor to avoid some of those grosser errors in which the discussion has often eventuated.
In entering upon the enquiry, the first mistake we have to encounter in that multitude of errors which has obscured the elucidation of this enormous and extinct animal, respects his identity with the known elephant. In refutation of this opinion we have only to remark, that the rigour of the climate in which his remains are found, is too unfriendly to sustain a life only cherished and invigorated by a tropical sun. But what has removed this question beyond the reach of dispute, has been the discovery of a nearly entire skeleton of the Mammoth. Conjectures now no longer have weight against the irresistible force of demonstration; and the mist which has been gathered by ignorance, must dissipate before the effulgence which comparative anatomy has shed upon the subject. One of the principal reasons which appears to have led to the adoption of this fallacy, was the novelty and difficulty of conceiving, that any animal should have existed and have afterwards become extinct. Philosophers having formed an imaginary chain out of the whole animal race, as fancifully predicted its destruction.
The difference of opinion between Mr. Hunter and Mr. D. Aubenton, may be accounted for by supposing that specimens of elephantine teeth and bones were shewn to the one, while those of the Mammoth were exhibited to the other. As grinders, if not other bones, similar to the Asiatic and African Elephants have been found in this country.

tion, should ever any link in that chain be broken, or in other words, should ever any species in that race become extinct. Facts, however, have disproved so false a theory, and the stickers for the integrity of animated nature, have reluctantly to acknowledge, that many of the animals which once inhabited our globe, have now no longer an existence. Numerous are the vestiges which attest to this truth, and who will venture to assert, that the wisdom or goodness of the deity, has been compromised by the suffering of the event?
Before taking leave of the theory of this intimate connection of all animated existence, I would ask its supporters where the necessity for such connection? Have the whole animal race been found zoophagi? Do they devour their fellow animals, and are they in turn devoured, that the destruction of any one species should inevitably bring about the annihilation of the whole? The idea, that the creator should put upon an event so probable, (and which has taken place) the wreck of all animated nature, would surely have more derogated from his benevolence, than that he should have bro't any species of being into existence, and have afterwards permitted its single destruction. Reposing in confidence on the benevolence of the deity, I cannot believe his finger has pointed a destination which would involve in misery and ruin, and that the life he has ushered into being, has been unwisely suspended on the thread of another's existence. And here let me reject, as likewise unphilosophical, the hypothesis which would account for the disappearance of any species of animals, by supposing that the Almighty should become the instrument of their destruction. For from whence can this agency be inferred?
The next point of importance which invites our attention, is, whether the mammoth was amphibious or exclusively an inhabitant of the land? On this question, of the two opinions here presented, I shall not hesitate to affix my preference to the latter. That he was not entirely an inhabitant of the water, is a conclusion too universally admitted to require notice. But that he occasionally frequented that element, was equally formed to exist in it as upon land, is an assertion which will admit of very considerable discussion. Adverse to this opinion however, I will ask its supporters where the necessity of this resort to the water? Is he herbivorous, and was it to procure food? I cannot find a solution here, for surely he would have found a subsistence upon land. Or will it be advanced, that he was piscivorous? If this be the hypothesis, what were the fish upon which he fed? Can it be supposed, that an animal of his unwieldy bulk was endowed with sufficient dexterity to take those which possess any considerable agility? Or will it be affirmed, with a late writer, that shell-fish constituted the principal portion of his nutriment? If this be the supposition, how very illly is it supported by present appearances. True we have discovered a few specimens of this no longer existing species of fish, but the paucity of their remains will not authorize the conclusion that they were ever numerous. Had they been abundant, many would have been their vestiges at this day, as the very high state of preservation in which the bones of our cognation have been found, evinces an extirpation of a no very remote date. But let this period have been ever so distant, perishable indeed must have been the shells, which could not co-exist with bones exposed to the destructive action of the atmosphere. Should, however, this difficulty be waived and the dissolution of shells be admitted, another impenetrable obstruction presents itself in our way. How will it be accounted for, that an animal which in all probability, from his anatomical structure, could not bring his mouth in contact with the ground, should seize upon such food? Will you depart from analogy and assert, that an amphibious has been gifted with a proboscis? As in supposing him herbivorous, I have not thought it necessary, in fulfilling his destiny, to immerse him under water, so in furnishing him with a proboscis, I will not pervert the use to which analogy has assigned it. In further opposition to the hypothesis of the Mammoth's being amphibious, a striking fact extrudes itself upon our notice. I will demand of its advocates, why the bones of this animal, and sometimes immense collections of bones have been generally found in situations where the earth is impregnated with salt, and which must have been inundated by water, if those ancient lakes had any existence. Will they suppose alluvion at so many particular spots? Or will they suppose, that these animals, being fond of salt, collected at places where the salt water exuded into the surrounding fresh water of their lake, to satisfy the instinctive propensities of appetite, and that the deaths were more numerous in these places, than elsewhere, occasioned by the sick resorting thither for medicine or for food? It is very little material or formidable to the argument, whether these collections of bones be accounted for by the supposition just mentioned, or by that of their being deposited by the action of the waters, as they have been noticed only because they have been suggested, but from their being generally found in saline grounds, that such situations will be thought indispensable to their preservation, is a conclusion which has sometimes been deduced; a conclusion, I trust, I can very easily confute, for it unfortunately happens, that these bones are found at other places than at licks.
I will further ask them if this animal made his abode in lakes, why have his bones been found so very distant from the probable scene of any lake? Why has he not been discovered in the great northern lakes of our country? Are they not of sufficient extent to have afforded to him a range, or did they not contain within their bosoms his appropriate species of food? If this latter be the case, strange is it indeed, that the very considerable distance which must have separated the present lakes from those supposed ones formed by the Ohio and Susquehanna, should have so considerably varied their productions.
Having offered some arguments to disprove, that the Mammoth frequented the water, I will now enquire how the supposition ever came to be advanced. Was it that from the resemblance of his grinders he was asserted to be animalivorous, and then from the absurdity of supposing, that a quadruped of his immense size could catch prey on land
† The reader may be surprised at this anti-adversion after perusing a preceding passage. Let him be aware that the term is made use of there merely in a figurative sense. ‡ A reason of the projection of his trunk. The one in Peale's Museum at Philadelphia is ten feet, three inches long. And tho' it be yet, in protruding from the mouth, it may adhere so far to the rectilinear direction as to the result mentioned must follow.
that he was determined to be piscivorous. Or has the opinion been adopted, because it was thought more satisfactorily to account for his extinction? If we examine this first opinion, in what does this resemblance consist? Not in a similar form of the teeth with other animals of the same animalivorous nature, but barely in the circumstances of the enamel being only external and enclosing the osseous substance, and not being interspersed throughout the body of the tooth as in the Elephant.
Perhaps also the grinders of the Mammoth being armed with several conical points may afford some farther resemblance to animals of the carnivorous tribe. And these slender similitudes in the opinion of some are adequate to the overthrow of the stronger analogy resulting from a similar number of grinders and tusks with the Elephant, and from the probability that the Mammoth possessed a proboscis for a purpose nearly similar with that animal. If its being amphibious is supposed to throw light upon its extinction, we will examine whence this illumination proceeds. Is it the supposition that water once covered the greater part of the country in which these bones are found, and that by the dereliction of the waters the animals were deprived of that necessary essential to their existence—Should this be the opinion, it will have to surmount an obstacle of considerable magnitude. Might not some few of the race have been carried off to the sea in the retiring of the waters, or being left behind, have afterwards found their way thither down the channels of large rivers? It may be argued that this happened, but if this was the fact, I will again demand why we have never discovered this animal whose law of existence ordained that he should inhabit the land as well as the water? Will it be said that nature has dispensed with the former part of her decree, & that his haunts are now no where to be found but in the recesses of the deep? On asserting that he was accustomed to fresh water only, will it be answered that the saline quality of the ocean, and the want of his peculiar food compassed his extermination? If these last arguments be urged, I would reply that he might avail himself of water of proper quality by frequenting the mouths of rivers, and if shell fish were his food he certainly could not suffer by his transition. To such extents are the advocates for his being amphibious to be pursued.
After bringing forward the most material reasons which have occurred to disprove the Mammoth amphibious, I will more directly propose what I have to say on the subject of his food, a topic which I was under the frequent necessity of advertizing to, in considering the foregoing question. I then advanced the supposition that the Mammoth was herbivorous; that he probably subsisted upon the branches and fruits of trees, upon grass &c. This judgment derives the strongest support not only from the immense bulk and awkward structure of the animal, which on the idea that he was an inhabitant of the land, must have absolutely incapacitated him from procuring any other than vegetable food, but likewise from the aforementioned circumstance of his bones being numerous at licks. This would announce that he was fond of salt, and the inference is apt that he should be classed among herbivorous animals, since he so much resembles in that peculiar feature. Shall we overlook reasons of such invincible strength and merely from the form and substance of a grinder reject them? Analogical reasoning is frequently fallacious, but never did it more directly lead to deception than on the present question. A question which I now leave for the purpose of offering my opinion on the extinction of the Mammoth, in the support of which any argument will be unnecessary, as I have previously enumerated most of those which would bear upon this point.
In a foregoing part of my paper, rejecting the immediate interposition of the Deity, as accounting for the extermination of the mammoth, because it would be derogatory to his wisdom to have given an existence of which he should afterwards repent, as also the supposition that this end was effected by the direction of the waters: Here declining the hypothesis, that his destruction was accomplished either by the mortality of a distemper, change of climate or scarcity of food, it will no doubt, be expected, that I should then point out some other cause for his extirpation, which in strength of probability shall supersede those already adduced for the explanation of that extraordinary fact. This I will offer, simple and for that reason never adverted to, by those who would be gaping for miracles, but fully adequate to the effect which so much excites our wonder. It is, that this Leviathan of quadrupeds "whose non-existence, as philosophers, says Dr. Hunter, we have so much to regret, but as men, have so much reason to rejoice at," was exterminated by the poor Indian of the forest, whom we have been so much accustomed to look upon with contempt, and have never suspected that by his powers have been accomplished an event which now fills the mind with wonder. This solution of the question simply advanced and unassisted by circumstances which so much strengthen it, certainly carries with it greater probability than the other explanations which have been given, but when accompanied by the considerations of the magnitude of the Mammoth, and of a structure certainly disqualified for activity, it opposes a strength which cannot be encountered. If any should be impressed with astonishment at this hypothesis, let them recollect that the formidable Elephant, and the huge Hippopotamus have fallen by the same imbecile force, and that man in the most wild and barbarous state of nature has ever been able to subdue the most powerful and terrible of the quadruped creation. We then suppose that the Mammoth, probably a peculiar object of the chase, was extirpated by the natives of the country. To the same cause must we ascribe the extermination of many other animals. By the dart or arrow of the savage have perished those who from their size, want of art and agility were incapable of eluding pursuit. Let us then be no longer astonished that we find vestiges of animals which have long since disappeared on our globe. Let us be no longer astonished that we do not find a Megalonyx or a Megatherium. They have perished and many of the animals now in existence may be found but in the pages of the naturalist. The race of the Hippopotamus though protected by his guardian element may meet with extinction, and even the domestication and services of the Elephant may not exempt him from the same end. We should not then raise the voice of wonder, let us forbear to exhibit it now, though for a more wonderful phenomenon, and sooner than express the admiration.
§ I believe I am original in the conjecture here offered for the resolution for this extraordinary fact. If others have suggested it, I know it not. I shall willingly have the merit of it transferred.
tion, ignorance has often done, let us rather engage in some new enquiry however unprofitable or unattainable. Whether the destruction of the Mammoth, evinces that he was less agile, than the Elephant or Hippopotamus, or that the savage of America was superior in courage and address to the native of Africa or Asia? And whether there is not a connection between his destruction and the state of population? How is it to be accounted for that few or none of his bones are to be found in some parts of our country? And lastly; if their condition, situation and number of his fossil remains may not throw some light upon the period in which he existed?
"A SPIRIT MOVING OVER THE FACE OF THE WATERS."
We have re-published an article from the "Democratic Press," on the spirit of the people of England—which is recommended to the notice of our readers.
Other articles will follow on the same subject.
These facts, which have sprung out of the prosecution of the late enquiries in the House of Commons, seem to have given an extraordinary impulse to the public mind of England.
The people are now satisfied, from col. Wardle's investigation, that the commander in chief of their armies—that illustrious sprig of royalty—the Duke of York—under whose wise auspices the British armies have been so repeatedly disgraced—has been guilty of the misappropriation of setting up the commissions of his country, for sale, for the profit of his paramour.
In the face of this evidence, they have seen a servile majority of the House of commons—taught and corrupted by the infamous bribes of the ministry—prostituting their consciences by a vote of acquittal and approbation.
The Church itself is contaminated by the same spirit of faction, or "the sale of places" G. W. Thellusson, a director of the East-India Company, stands convicted of abusing his official influence from the same infamous allure.
The same profligate system pervades almost the whole course of the administration. Some of those very Ministers, who now preside over the morals and fortunes of Great Britain, are distinguished by an equal profligacy of private or official principles.
The noted Dundas stands convicted of peculation. Castlereagh confesses his participation of the crime of corrupting the purity of suffrage itself, by the direct administration of a bribe.
And what is still more alarming to every patriotic mind, the people have beheld a majority of the House of Commons—their constitutional shield against the corruptions of the crown—unblushingly supporting these very corruptions & adhering to the abominable ministry, which produced them.
Some public spirit however yet survives in England. The race of the Geraldys and Margarets is not yet completely extinguished. There are still some Britons who, dare to feel and express their indignation against these scenes of iniquity. The hoary corruptions of their government have not yet obliterated all their political sensibility, nor have the terrors of Mutiny Acts and Sedition bills completely arrested the generous flow of their feelings. There are men who still recollect with enthusiasm, "the cause for which Hampden bled in the field and Sydney on the scaffold."
Amongst these, sir Francis Burdett, the accomplished friend of Home Rule, stands proudly conspicuous. The ministry have even charged him with the heinous crime of entertaining an attachment to republican government.
It is not to the bare expression of their indignation that some of the people have confined themselves. They have large & more generous views. They look to a remedy, for those flagrant defects of which they complain. They once more begin to call out for a Parliamentary Reform—a measure, which the persecutions of Gerald, of Moir & others at the commencement of the French Revolution had arrested, and which perhaps the unfortunate catastrophe of that Revolution had since prevented from reviving.
But the late development of the iniquities of the British court has once more revived it. One of their public prints observes, that "never has the tide of public spirit run high or so so extensively, since the institution of the Corresponding Society, and the plan of reform projected and supported by Mr. Pitt and the Duke of Richmond." Various meetings have been held to thank Col. Wardle—which have generally closed with declarations in favor of a Reform of Parliament. Every friend of his country will of course be for it—every minion of the crown and the ministry will be against it.
There are few of those meetings, which have breathed a stronger spirit of opposition to ministerial corruption, than the one which was held at Guildhall (London) by the court of common council, for the purpose of proposing a Vote of Thanks and the Freedom of the city to Col. Wardle.
Every avenue to the court was crowded before 12 o'clock, and so great was the press of the people, that many who had placed themselves near the fire, became so exhausted, and overcome by the heat, that they fainted and were with difficulty conveyed to fresh air.
The debate on the purposes of this meeting was sometimes bold, free and independent. Mr. Whitham declared that Montesquieu, Locke and others had said, that when the H. of Commons became as corrupt as the Executive, the country was lost. And if the people saw that most important part of the legislature, verging to that point, was not their duty to remonstrate and if possible, prevent the ruin that threatened them?
Another authority, Delolme, had said that the H. of C. could do every thing but vote a man to be a woman; and a woman to be a man. He would not controvert that assertion, but when the house could vote that black was white, he saw no impediment to their voting a man to be a woman, or a woman to be a man.—On this occasion, the following Resolutions were adopted:
Resolved unanimously, That this court has on frequent occasions, evinced its detestation of the public abuses which have been found to exist in various departments of the state, and it cannot but equally condemn the corrupt practices developed by the late investigation before the house of parliament.
Resolved, That Gwyllim Lloyd Wardle, Esq. having, unawed by ministerial threats, exhibited serious charges against the late commander in chief, which have, in fact, induced his Royal Highness to resign a situation of which he is unworthy, is entitled to the esteem and gratitude of this court and the country.
Resolved unanimously, That the thanks of this court and the freedom of this city, in a gold box, of the value of 100 guineas, be presented to Gwyllim Lloyd Wardle, Esq. in grateful testimony of the high sense they entertain of the zeal, integrity, and patriotism, which he so eminently evinced in that arduous and laudable undertaking.
Resolved, That the thanks of this court be presented to Sir Francis Burdett, Bart. (Seconder), Lord Folkestone, Samuel Whitbread, Esq. Sir Samuel Romilly, Knt. Genl. Ferguson, Harvey Christian Combe, Esq. Alderman, and one of the representatives of this city in parliament, and the rest of the 125 independent members, who upon the important question, on the conduct of his royal highness, the duke of York, attempted to stem the torrent of corruption.
Resolved, That as a considerable number of those who voted in favor of the late commander in chief, on the 18th of March last, held lucrative appointments at the pleasure of the crown, a vote
of acquittal under such circumstances, at all times appear extremely equivocal, but when given, as in the present instance, in direct contradiction to the evidence produced, which led to a decision so contrary to the legitimate expectations of the people, affords ground for apprehending that the decision has arisen from that preponderating influence of which the court before has complained.
Resolved, That these and other public abuses call loudly for constitutional correction and redress, and evince the necessity of a radical and speedy reform, as essential to the safety and security of the just prerogative of the crown, as to the ancient and unalienable rights of the people.
On these occasions the strongest argument which is used by the friends of the ministry, is opponents "of altered & risen in the British Constitution." Mr. Whitbread two professes his respect for it, but he wishes to restore it to its purity and vigor. Yet it is not astonishing, that with all these inquiries before them, the boasted British Constitution should still preserve its respect in some measure sooth these evils, but it is an eternal truth that so long as Kings, Lords and Priests survive, the great source of the misfortunes of the people of England will continue.
AUSTRIA vs. FRANCE.—It is likely that the scales of fate will not long be in suspense—in the contest between these two powers. What advantage is there, that is not on the side of the French? Officers—troops—money—unequalled skill in war—the confidence of past success—confidence in themselves—fear and distrust on the side of their enemy—these alone are sufficient to decide the question.
But it is not enough to say, that experience is in favor of the French—that already they have beaten the same enemy in previous struggles. The enemy whom they have now to encounter is not the same enemy whom they have formerly overthrown. A part of the very force which was once arrayed against France, is now enlisted under her own banners. There was a time, when Austria was entitled to wield the whole military force of the Germanic Empire—so far at least as the feeble ties of that constitution would permit the resources of its various parts to be brought together. But even in those times, France was triumphant, and the Emperor was reduced to sue for mercy.—How much greater then is Napoleon's chance of success, when many of those very means which were once drawn out in opposition to him, are now actually thrown into his scale! Where is Bavaria for instance?—Where is Wurtemberg? Once the vassals of Austria—now the allies of France.
Even the English prints themselves, sanguine as they are on most occasions, seem to have abandoned the argument in despair. Their only feeble hope of resource is in Russia—but Russia stands by, either in silent apprehension for the fate of Europe, or what is much more probable, in eager expectation of the partition of Turkey, and her own proportion of the spoils.
From Austria, thus abandoned as she must be to her own exertions, these prints are unable to deduce the slightest means of hope or consolation. There is no cry of exultation to cheer and animate her efforts. Nothing is heard in them but the melancholy dirge chanted over the prostrate ruins of their former ally.
They weep the living Austria, as the dead. Besides the numerous advantages on the side of France, which we have slightly sketched above, others are depicted in the following conclusion of an Essay printed in "Bell's Weekly Messenger." "On the causes and probable results of the Austrian War."
"It is possible, that Austria will be able to withstand for any considerable time, such a host of disadvantages?"
"Upon the probable result, there are two important paragraphs in the paper to which we have alluded, as written by Mr. Genty. The first respects the weakness of Austria; the latter the strength of France. It must be taken into consideration however, that this representation of the Austrian weakness is made by a French journalist. It is certainly, therefore, much exaggerated, but with due allowance may lead to some facts."
"The peace of Presburg, says the writer, has left Austria without a cannon, without muskets and ammunition, and it is not with paper money that she has been able to replenish her arsenals. Her veteran soldiers no longer exist, new soldiers must be formed, and the Austrian peasants have so little flexibility and aptitude, that they must be two years before they can load a gun, or turn to the right and left. For want of horses, men already are obliged to work in the fields. A cavalry cannot be formed in less than fifteen years. And as to the insurrection and levies en masse, what a wretched instrument are they of national defence."
"Upon the subject of the French strength the passage is as follows:— "Independently of the great army, there are 150,000 French troops in Germany, 150,000 in Italy, and 100,000 men of the confederation of the Rhine."
"There is certainly too much truth in this comparative statement. There cannot be a doubt, but that France can bring nearly three hundred thousand men into the field, and that Austria under her former losses of territory and population cannot bring forth one half the number. To say all in a word, we have only to request our readers to give their serious attention to the following brief circumstances."
"In former wars, Austria had a line of fortified cities on the Rhine and the Danube, and one or two campaigns were necessarily exhausted in their siege or blockade."
"In the impending war, Austria has not one fortified city, nor one line or frontier of defence. She must fight like the troops of Darius, on a plain, and if defeated, is destroyed. There is nothing between the Rhine and Vienna. France in the event of defeat is safe in her fortified cities."
"Austria in the event of defeat is totally without a place of refuge or muster. She is in the situation of Prussia. One battle must decide every thing."
"We do not feel inclined to continue this subject. Every human chance is against Austria."
‡ CRITICUS is so well satisfied with the speeches of Messrs. Johnson, Fisk and others on Mr. Randolph's Resolution of Thanks, that he deems it superfluous for him to pursue his investigation.
WANTED immediately, a WOMAN who can come well recommended for her attention to young children—a liberal price will be given for the balance of the year, enquire of the printer.
IN CHANCERY.—In Louisa County Court, April 10th 1809.
George Patti and Charles Thomson, administrators of John Hawkins dec. Piffs. against William Meriwether and Robert Dickerson Dfns. The defendant William Meriwether not having entered his appearance and given security, according to an act of assembly, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that he is not an inhabitant of this state: Therefore on the motion of the plaintiff by their attorney; It is ordered and decreed, That the said defendant Meriwether do appear here on the second Monday in July next, and file his answer to the complainant's bill, and that a copy of this order be posted at the front door of the court house of this county, on some court day, and published in some one of the news papers printed in the City of Richmond for eight weeks successively.
A Copy. JOHN POINDEXTER, C. L. C. June 30. law8w4t
JOHN R. JONES, N. W. corner of the main street, and that leading to the head of the basin, nearly opposite the Eagle Tavern, has just received a few copies of a new & interesting novel, by the celebrated Miss Owsion, author of the Novice of St. Domingo &c. called Woman or Idols of Athens, 2 vols. $2, also a few copies of Thaddeus of Warsaw, by Miss Porter, 2 vols. $2. A new map of Spain and Portugal, by Don Thomas Lopez, Geographer to his catholic majesty—price $3. Letters from England: By Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella, descriptive of the manners, customs and state of that kingdom 2 vols. $2.—Poems by the Revd. George Crabbe $1.—The geographical, natural and civil history of Chili, by Abbe Don J. J. Molina, with notes &c. And a map, 2 vols. $5.
John R. Jones having engaged a Bookbinder from Philadelphia, respectfully offers his services to his friends and the public in that line, and he flatters himself from the execution of the work the punctuality that will attend his engagement, in addition to the reduced prices, at which he will execute the orders of those who may thus favor him, that he will obtain & be enabled to merit a share of the public patronage. He will keep continually on hand a general assortment of blank books of all kinds, also a general assortment of stationery, of which he has received in considerable supply in addition to his stock on hand, per Capt. Fisher from Philadelphia. June 30. St
United States, Virginia district, May 23d 1809. The United States, Libellants, against the sloop Jenney, whereof John Wright is master & commander. Respondent. This day came the attorney for the U. States, and it appearing that the publication directed at the last term, had duly made and proclamation having been made, as the court did direct, that the said vessel would be considered, as for the United States unless a claim shall be interposed for the same and no claimant appearing, on the motion of the attorney for the United States, it is decreed and ordered, that the said vessel, her rigging, tackle apparel and furniture be considered as forfeited to the U. States, and that the marshal of this court, do sell the same to the highest bidder for ready money after giving 10 days notice in some one of the newspapers published in the city of Richmond, and make return of his proceedings, and bring the proceeds to the next court in order for a final decree. A Copy. Teste. WILLIAM MARSHALL, Clk.
By virtue of the above decree will be sold at Powell's Tavern in the Town of Petersburg, for ready money to the highest bidder at Public auction the sloop Jenney her rigging tackle apparel & furniture as named above. WILLIAM MANN, Deputy M. for JOSEPH SCOTT, M. V. D. June 30. St
SUGAR, COFFEE, &c. &c.—Received per the Schooners Atlantic and Richmond, from New York: Brown Sugar, Stone Ware & Green Coffee, Prime Pork, Earthen Ware, For sale by GEO: WATT. June 30. St
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.—Runaway from the subscriber on the 14th of last month a bright mulatto boy named BILLY, about seventeen or eighteen years of age, five feet 8 or 9 inches high, rather slim, his face sharp, has a scar on one side of his face, but whether right or left, is not recollected. He had on when he ran away, pantaloons and short coat of blue plains. He was purchased of Mr. Page, city of Richmond. But it is rather supposed he is in Hanover, as his father is free and lives near the court house, the above reward will be given for the delivery of him in Richmond jail. WILLIAM LAW. June 30. 2w4t
NOTICE.—Pursuant to a deed in trust, executed to us by John Harper of Nottoway county and recorded in the same court, bearing date the first day of July, 1809, in order to secure the payment of a debt due Owen Smith: We shall, on the first day of July next, at Jennings's Ordinary, proceed to sell, to the highest bidder, the following SLAVES, to wit: old John, Betty and her increase, young John and Rachael, or as many of them as may be sufficient to satisfy the purport of said deed and cost accruing. JOHN ROOTL JOHN P. SMITH. June 2. w4w5
PURSUANT to a decree of the vice-chancellor's court of Hanover, will be sold to the highest bidder, at James Hazelgrove's Tavern in Hanover, on Friday the fourteenth day of July next, two or three NEGROES of the estate of William Tinsley dec'd. which the Children of Philip Tinsley dec'd. are now entitled to, as the representatives of their father, also a tract or parcel of LAND of 35 or 30 acres of the same estate lying in the county of Hanover, in the neighborhood of the Oaks. A credit of twelve months will be allowed the Purchasers upon giving bonds and approved security. THE COMMISSIONERS.
All those who have claims against the Estate of William Tinsley dec'd are required to bring them forward on or before the 14th day of July next, as his admin'x is anxious to settle her administration on said estate immediately, & those indebted are earnestly requested to make payment as no longer indulgence can be granted. ELIZABETH TINSLEY, Admin'x. June 30. ep4w5
FIFTEEN DOLLARS REWARD.—Runaway from Major William Bell's in Chesterfield county, near Manchester, on Monday the 22nd of May last, a very likely small Negro fellow named JAMES, but I understand he has changed his name, and calls himself HENRY, he has an impediment in his speech, is about 20 years old, supposed to be about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, he is very well acquainted in Richmond, Manchester and Petersburg, is a very cunning fellow, and I expect will endeavor to get on board of some vessel to go by water, I therefore forwarn all Masters of vessels and others from harboring of him, or carrying him off at their peril. Whoever will deliver the said fellow to Major Bell near Manchester or to the subscriber near Chesterfield court house, shall receive the above reward. EZEKIEL JACKSON June 27. law2w4t

POLITICAL.
MR. ADAMS'S CORRESPONDENCE CONTINUED.
To the Printers of the Boston Patriot. SIR, IN pamphlet, page 27, it is said that the great alteration in public opinion, had put it completely in the power of our executive to control the machinery of any future public agent of France.
Mr. Hamilton's erroneous conceptions of the public opinion, may be excused by the consideration that he was not a native of the United States; that he was born and bred in the West Indies till he went to Scotland, for education, where he spent his time in a seminary of learning till 17 years of age; after which no man ever perfectly acquired a national character; then entered a college at New-York, from whence he issued into the army as an aid-de-camp.
His observation that "France will never be without secret agents" is true; and it is equally true that England will always have secret agents and emissaries too. That her partisans, among our own fellow-citizens can much better promote her cause than any agents she can send, is also true; but it is at least equally true of the partisans of G. Britain.
My worthy fellow-citizens! Our form of government, inestimable as it is, exposes it more than any other to the insidious intrigues and pestilent influence of foreign nations. Nothing but our inflexible neutrality can preserve us. The public negotiations and secret intrigues of the English and the French have been employed for centuries in every court and country of Europe.
Never was there a grosser mistake of public opinion than that of Mr. Hamilton. The great alteration in public opinion had not then, nor has it yet, taken place. The French republic still existed: The French people were still considered as struggling for liberty, amidst all their internal revolutions, their conflicts of parties, and their bloody wars against the coalitions of European powers.
Had a French Minister been seen here with his suite, he would have been instantly informed of every source & symptom of discontent. Almost every Frenchman upon the continent, and they were then numerous in all the States, would have been employed in criminating the American government, in applauding the condescension of the French Directory and the friendly, conciliating disposition of the French nation.
In these circumstances, it was in my opinion, and it still, it was infinitely better to conduct the negotiation at Paris than in Philadelphia. But if this was and is an error, it was certainly not of such consequence as Hamilton thought it to present it. If it was an error, I humbly conceive it would have better become Mr. Hamilton to have been silent, than to endeavor to make it unpopular.
But the real truth is, he was in hopes, as well as Mr. Liston, that the French government would neither send a minister here nor receive one there—in short, that they would have gone to war with us. If we had waited for a minister here, much time would have been lost: our little naval force under Talbot, Truxton, Decatur, Little, &c. was doing wonders in protecting our commerce, and in fighting and capturing French ships of war.
There were other circumstances of more serious and solid importance, indicative of public opinion, which Mr. Hamilton, if he had been a vigilant and sagacious statesman, could not have overlooked. The venerable patriarchs Pendleton and Wythe, of Virginia, openly declared for peace; the former came out in print with his name, protesting against a war with our sister republic of France.
After enumerating all these symptoms of the popular bias, it would be frivolous to enlarge upon the conversations of which I was informed at taverns & insurance offices, threatening violence to the President by pulling him out of his chair, upon the French cockades, that were every where paraded before men's eyes, in opposition to the black cockade, or upon the declarations and oaths, which I know were made by no small numbers, that if we went to war with France, and the French should come here, they would join them against the federalists and the English.
When, then, was the danger of this negotiation? No where but in the disturbed imagination of Alexander Hamilton. To me only it was dangerous. To me, as a public man, it was fatal, and that only because Alexander Hamilton, was pleased to wield it, as a poisoned weapon, with the express purpose of destroying.
Quincy, May 26, 1808. JOHN ADAMS.
MISCELLANEOUS.
FROM THE N. Y. MEDICAL REPOSITORY.
COINS collected by American Heroes in Sicily and Africa.
The American character for valor, although confirmed beyond a doubt by our revolutionary struggle, was greatly extended over the world in the war waged by the Bey of Tripoli against the United States. It was however not a name for enterprize and bravery only, that our countrymen acquired.
These coins being originals collected by our gallant countrymen, in the countries which afforded much interest to the antiquarian and the man of taste, are worthy of being deposited in the Cabinet of Natural History, for which they are intended.
FROM THE SAME.
Manufacture of Vermicelli and Macaroni, in the U. States.
The extensive foreign commerce of the United States, has encouraged the manufacture of some of its native productions, chiefly for exportation. The surplus of our bread corn and flour has long been sent abroad, to exchange for the rum, sugar and coffee of the West Indies.
Besides several smaller establishments, for the preparation of these nutritive articles, in New-York and elsewhere, Mr. Sartori, formerly our consul at Rome in Italy, has erected a manufactory upon a large scale, at Trenton N. J.
His business had grown to such a size, that when the embargo was laid in Dec. 1807, Mr. S. had on hand 214,800 pounds weight of these pastes, which he valued at $53,000. And so trifling was the consumption in the country, during a year, as he stated in his memorial to Congress, in Dec. 1808, his domestic sales at the manufactory amounted to no more than $72.
freedom to the ocean by the belligerent nations, the exportation of wheat in these forms may be renewed to the full extent of the market.
CINCINNATI, (Ohio) June 7. Distressing Occurrence.
On Sunday the 28th ult. Isaac Simpson of Milford township, Butler county, went down into his well to bring up the bucket; his wife some time after going to the well perceived him lying with his face in the water, when she immediately went to her father (Mr. Richardson,) and soon returned with him and his two sons—the eldest being the most active arrived at the well first and immediately descended; the father and younger son on coming to the well, beheld them both at the bottom in a distressing situation, the father was about to go down to their assistance when his son insisted that he was better able to render them assistance than his father, and went down; as he came near the bottom, he stretched out his arms as if struggling for air, and soon fell back and expired.
From the Downingstown Temperate Zone. AGRICULTURAL.
There is one particular that the farmers fail in much—that is, in cutting their Wheat before it is perfectly dry; which is almost the only reason of the smut troubling them.
About thirty years since I bought a troth on the ground; it proved to be very smutty—nearly one eighth. I thought to try what would prevent its damaging the flour; so I let it stand till it was quite dry, so that when cut, in binding, the ground was checked under the sheaf.
Cutting wheat with a cradle is pernicious, for it collects a great quantity of green weeds, &c. which before it is dry, is put into the mow or stack, and will certainly sweat by that means the smut, which is light, will be carried with the steam thro' the whole mow or stack—besides, the cradle cuts off that, which if left standing would enrich the ground.
I have but little expectation that these remarks will at present answer my honest intentions—for we find that education and tradition have so bound down people, that there is no moving them, let their principles or practice be ever so absurd.
(BY AUTHORITY.)
LAW OF THE UNITED STATES.
AN ACT
Authorizing the appointment of an agent for the land office at Kaskaskia, and allowing compensation to the commissioner and clerk.
BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby authorised to employ an agent whose compensation shall not exceed five hundred dollars, in full for all his services, for the purpose of appearing before the board of commissioners for adjusting the claims to land in the Kaskaskia district, in behalf of the United States, to investigate the claims for land, and to oppose all such as he may deem fraudulent and unfounded.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That five hundred dollars shall be allowed to each of the said commissioners and to the clerk of the board, as compensation for their services rendered in the year one thousand eight hundred and eight.
J. B. VARNUM, Speaker of the House of Representatives, GEO: CLINTON, Vice-President of the United States and President of the Senate.
June 15, 1809. APPROVED, JAMES MADISON.
I WISH to hire ten or twelve able strong Men, to work at the water-works, & on the streets of Richmond. For such, I will give a generous price, for two or three months. JOHN P. SHIELDS.
June 13. w2w
THE SUBSCRIBER, offers for sale, that elegant and valuable Estate, called WILLTON, lying nine miles below Richmond. The dwelling house is not inferior to any in the state: the offices are commodious; the Garden and yard are handsomely laid out.
Also two thousand acres of LAND, lying on Fighting Creek, Powhatan County, two miles from the Court House, which will be divided into two or more lots to suit purchasers. This land is well watered and calculated for the culture of wheat, corn and tobacco.
For terms apply to the Subscriber residing in Richmond, or William Berkeley, in Powhatan WILLIAM RANDOLPH.
June 23. w3m
COMMITTED to the Jail of King William county, a Negro Man named TOM, a runaway, who says he belongs to a Mr. Christie, living in the state of Tennessee, and escaped from the said Christie in Bedford county, in the state of Virginia, some time in the month of August last, and says he was sold to the said Christie by a Mr. Bradley of Pittsylvania.
H. LITTLEPAGE, D. Sheriff For WM. GREGORY, Sheriff. April 18. w3mp
NEGROES FOR SALE.
WILL be sold to the highest bidder on twelve months credit, at Nat. Perkins's Tavern, on Saturday the 20th day of July next—Three Negroes viz. a woman and two likely girls—belonging to the estate of Henry Hopkins dec'd.
ROBERT FRENCH, Administrator. Goodland, June 9. wtds
FOR SALE—323 ACRES JAMES RIVER LAND—On the 10th December next, (if fair, or otherwise the next fair day,) the Subscriber will offer for sale on the premises, a Tract of LAND situated in Buckingham county, immediately opposite the mouth of Rock-fish river.
A credit of one, two and three years will be given, payable at equal instalments, with interest from date, to be remitted if the payments be punctually made.
The above Tract of Land has been conveyed to me by Patrick Rose, Jun. of Buckingham, to be sold for the payment of his debts.
June 23. ALEX. F. ROSE, Trustee. law5m.
WOOD LAWN FOR SALE—The Subscriber offers for sale, the tract of Land on which he now resides, lying throughout, on the main fork of Pamunkey river, in the County of Orange, 33 miles from Fredericksburg, and 60 from Richmond, containing 765 acres—a full proportion of which consists of valuable low-grounds.
Western lands, provided they are situated on navigable water in the lower parts of the states of Kentucky or Tennessee, or on the Mississippi above the mouth of the Ohio, will be received in payment, for the balance of the purchase money, if, upon a view of them, their quality and price suit.
By Virtue of a Deed of Trust, executed to us, on the 15th day of December, one thousand eight hundred and seven, by John Clarkson, and William Clarkson, (and recorded in the County Court of Albermarle,) to secure the payment of the debt, therein expressed to be due by the said Clarkson, to William Brown and Co.
At present occupied by the said William Clarkson, on the premises; one tract or parcel of LAND, lying and being in said County of Albermarle, containing 430 acres, more or less, adjoining the lands of George Twyman, Mrs. Owens and Hudson Barkdale, or so much of said Land, as may be sufficient to raise the sum of three hundred and thirty seven pounds, eight shillings and four pence, being the sum declared to be payable on the 15th day of December, one thousand eight hundred and eight, with interest on the same from the 15th day of December, one thousand eight hundred and seven.
June 16. JOHN WATSON, SAM. DYER, wtds
FITZWYSONN & POTTER, have just received a large supply of Stationary, Elegant Ladies Work-Trunks, Travelling-Trunks, Pocket-books, Pen-knives, Patent and Common Suspen-der, Conversation, Playing and Embossed Visiting Cards, Music, Violin Strings, &c.
They have on hand, an extensive assortment of Blank Books, of all kinds; a few copies of Matheson on Population, Fox's Historical Work, Fisher's Military Tactics, Sampson's Plea for Religion, Illustrations of Prophecy, and a variety of School Books.
BOOK-BINDING, in all its branches, carried on as usual. Orders from the Country, duly attended to. June 16. w6w
VIRGINIA, to wit: At a Court of Appeals held at the Capitol in Richmond, the twentieth day of May, 1809.
RULE—Great inconveniences and delays having arisen from motions to alter, and amend the decrees and special entries of this Court, after they have been entered of record, it is expected that in future the Counsel will respectively in all cases where a special decree or entry shall be deemed necessary, prepare notes of such decree or entry as they may think ought to be made on the decision, to be considered as part of their statement and delivered to the Judges, with the record, at the final argument, in each cause.
A Copy. Teste, J. BROWN, c. c. wtl1A.
FOR SALE—A VALUABLE TRACT OF LAND, lying on the banks of James River, nearly opposite to the Westover Estate; containing, between eight and nine hundred acres, bounded by the river upwards of a mile; by the lands of Mr. Harrison of Maycocks and the Road leading from Cooke's ferry to Petersburg; about one fourth part of the tract is cleared; it has some grass land and affords a good range for Cattle, has a good Landing place, and a profitable fishing place might be made on it, at a small expense; it has no improvements except an old dwelling house.
For terms apply to the Subscriber residing in Richmond, or William Berkeley, in Powhatan WILLIAM RANDOLPH. June 23. w3m
AN ELEGANT ESTABLISHMENT FOR SALE—The House and Tenement where the subscriber lately resided. This tenement justly ranks amongst the first in this place, combining elegance, convenience, contiguity to the Capitol, and in the centre of a most agreeable neighborhood.
For terms apply to Mr. Wm. Long who is fully authorised to contract for the same. June 23. J. PENN. 34
NOTICE. All those having unsettled accounts with the estate of the late John Lackland, dec'd. are requested to present them for adjustment, to Mr. Robert Dabney, who is authorized to settle any accounts relative to said estate.
ZADOCK LACKLAND, Ex'r. Buckingham, June 20.
Those indebted to John Lackland & Co. are requested to discharge their respective balances, and those having claims, will present them to SAMUEL SCOTT, Surviving partner of JOHN LACKLAND & Co. Buckingham, June 20. w3w
SWEET SPRINGS, VIRGINIA.—The subscriber has been at great expense and trouble to render this much esteemed place comfortable and pleasant for the present season.
TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD.—Ran away, during the 14th of last month, from the subscriber, residing in the city of Richmond, a Mulatto Man named GEORGE, about 23 or 24 years of age. He is, I believe, about 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high, with rather large limbs, and a lively knock-kneed; his complexion is tolerably bright, and his hair is rather more straight than that of mulattoes generally.
HATS, SHOES, PORTER, &c. D. J. BURR, offers for sale, at the same house in which he kept the Penitentiary Store, second door above the Eagle-Tavern, A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF HATS.
SHOES, Ladies' Morocco and Kid Slips and Ties, Gentlemen's superior press Shoes and Pumps, Constantly on hand a large stock of bottled Porter, Ale and Cider, Philadelphia Beer, &c. &c. April 18.
HAVING executed a deed of trust to Benjamin Oliver, Jr. William Cunningham, and Samuel Richardson, conveying certain property therein mentioned, to them, for the purpose of making sale thereof, in order to discharge all debts for which I am bound to my father, and my own debts—it is therefore my wish that all such creditors may as soon as possible, make their respective claims known to the above named gentlemen, that they may know how far to carry the sales, which will take place the 1st of August next. JOHN M. SYME. June 9.
VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE.
PURSUANT to a deed of trust executed to us, by John M. Syme, of the County of Hanover, for the purpose of satisfying all his debts for which he is bound for his father's & his own debts—we shall, on Tuesday, the first day of August next, if fair, if not, the next fair day, upon the premises, proceed to sell, four hundred and sixty three acres, (by a late survey) of prime and valuable land, adjoining the Town of New Castle; upon Pamunkey River, and the ferry across that river. Also, ELEVEN NEGROES, consisting of MEN, WOMEN, BOYS and GIRLS, all the stock of HORSES, CATTLE, HOGS, SHEEP, and implements of Husbandry, &c. conveyed by the said instrument.
According to Mr. John M. Syme's notification above, we are either of us, will receive the amount of any claim, and it is our wish that they be made known prior to the day of sale. There are some previous liens upon this property, or some of it, to secure certain debts, which will be first paid, according to their several dates. Proposals for any part of the above property will be received by either of the trustees prior to the sale.
BENJAMIN OLIVER, JR. WM. CUNNINGHAM. SAM. RICHARDSON. New-Castle, June 9. tds
A TUTOR WANTED.—The Trustees of the town of York, are anxious to employ a gentleman of character, & literary acquirements, to conduct a SCHOOL, in the said town. The branches of Science to be taught are, reading, writing, English grammar, arithmetic, geography, use of the globes, the Latin and Greek classics.
CORBIN GRIFFIN, TH. GRIFFIN, ROBT. NELSON, Jr. } Committee of Trustees. May 2.
WANTED TO HIRE, by the week, month, or for the remainder of the present year, a sober industrious man to superintend a parcel of labourers, in the vicinity of this city. Enquire at the office of the Enquirer. June 20.
PRINTING, IN ALL ITS VARIETY, EXECUTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ENQUIRER.
A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF BLANKS, FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.