Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.), 1806-08-02 00:00:00

VIRGINIA ARGUS.
[XIVth YEAR.]
A FREE PRESS MAINTAINS THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE
[No. 1282]
RICHMOND:—PRINTED (ON WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS) BY SAMUEL PLEASANTS, JUNIOR, PRINTER TO THE COMMONWEALTH.
[Four Dollars Per Annum....paid in advance.]
SATURDAY, AUGUST 2, 1806.
[12 1-2 Cents Single.]
Buckingham County, May term, 1806.
William Brown and Company, Complainants. Against Elisha Bakes and Jacob L. Abrahams, Defendants.
ON the motion of the complainants by their counsel, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that the defendant Elisha Bakes has removed himself without the jurisdiction of this court, to parts unknown, It is ordered and decreed , that unless the said defendant Bakes, shall appear here on or before August term next and answer the bill of the complainants, that the court will then proceed to decree the matter according to the prayer of the said bill; and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some public newspaper of the city of Richmond for two months successively, and another copy be posted up at the front door of the courthouse of this county.
A Copy—Teste, Rolfe Eldridge, Jr. D. C.
VIRGINIA: At a Quarterly Court continued and held for Pittsylvania County, the 21st day of May, 1806.
Anthony Holloway and Anne his wife, John Yeaman and Mary his wife, & Henry Pell and Sarah his wife, Plaintiffs. Against Elisha L. Williams and Presley Williams, Defendants.
THE defendants not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this state; It is ordered , that the said defendants do appear here on the third Monday in August next and answer the plaintiffs' bill, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in this state for eight weeks successively, and posted up at the front door of the courthouse on some court day.
A Copy—Teste, Will Tunstall, C. P. C.
VIRGINIA: In the Superior Court of Chancery, held at the Capitol, in Richmond, the 25th March, 1806.
John Pierce, surviving trustee of Samuel Beall, deceased, Plaintiff. William Moseley, Defendant.
THE defendant not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this country; On the motion of the plaintiff by counsel, It is ordered , that the said defendant do appear here on the first day of the next September term and answer the bill of the plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some newspaper published in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the front door of the capitol in the said city.
A Copy—Teste, Peter Tinsley, C. C.
At a court continued and held for Albemarle county, the 2d June, 1806.
Samuel Shelton & Company, Plaintiffs. Against John Martin and Walter Leake, Defendants.
THIS day came the plaintiffs aforesaid by their counsel, and the defendant John Martin, not having entered his appearance and given security according to the act of assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state; On the motion of the plaintiffs by their counsel, It is ordered and decreed , by the court, that the defendant John Martin do appear here on the first day of the next term, and answer the bill of the plaintiff, and that a copy of this order be forthwith published in some public newspaper published in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and that another copy be posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county.
A Copy—Teste, Alex. Garrett, D. C. A. C.
Buckingham March Term 1806, Thomas Walke, Complainant, vs. John Heath, Elizabeth Heath and Edward Ward, Defendants.
ON the motion of the complainant by his counsel, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that the defendant John Heath is not an inhabitant of this state; It is ordered and decreed , that unless the said defendant, John, shall appear here on or before August term next, and answer the complainant's bill, that the same will then be taken for confessed, and the matter thereof decreed accordingly; and that a copy of this order be published for two months successively in some one of the public newspapers printed in the city of Richmond, and another copy of the said order be posted up at the front door of the courthouse of this county.
A Copy—Teste, Rolfe Eldridge, Jr. D. C.
At a court held for Prince Edward county, June the 10th, 1806.
Hart and Nimmo, Complainants. Against Champion Arnold and Christopher H. Holland, Defendants.
THE defendant Arnold, not having entered his appearance and given security according to an act of the General Assembly and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that he is not an inhabitant of this state; On the motion of the complainants by their counsel, It is ordered , That the said defendant Arnold, do appear here on the first day of September next, and answer the complainants' bill, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the public newspapers printed in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and also posted at the front door of the courthouse of this county.
A Copy—Teste, BENJAMIN WATKINS, B. C.
In Henrico County Court.
Elisha Liggan, Complainant. Against Robert Robinson and Polly his wife, who was Polly Liggan, widow of Samuel Liggan, dec. Henry Liggan, an infant child of the said decedent, and Robert Franklin and Mary Franklin, Willis Liggan, and Sherwood Liggan, Defs.
THE defendants Willis and Sherwood Liggan not having entered their appearance and given security according to the act of assembly in such case made and provided, and the rules of this court, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that they are not inhabitants of this commonwealth; On the motion of the complainant by his counsel, It is ordered , that the said defendants do appear here on the first Monday in September next and answer the bill of the complainant, and that a copy of this order be forthwith inserted in some one of the newspapers published in the city of Richmond for two months successively, and posted at the courthouse door on two successive court days.
Teste, Geo. Chisman, D. C.
Buckingham county, July Court, 1806.
Joseph Clarke and John Harris, Complainants. Against Zacharias Taliaferro, Charles Patterson and John Baskerville, Defendants.
ON the motion of the complainants by their counsel, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court, that the defendant Taliaferro and Patterson are not inhabitants of this state; It is ordered , and decreed that unless they shall appear here on or before November term next, and answer the bill of the complainants, the same will then be taken for confessed, and the matter thereof decreed accordingly; and that a copy of this order be forthwith published for two months successively in some public newspaper of the city of Richmond, and another copy be posted up at the front door of the courthouse of the said county.
A Copy—Teste, ROLFE ELDRIDGE, Jr. D. C.
ST. PAUL,
A beautiful sorrel horse, 15 hands 3 inches high, remarkable for his elegance, beauty, strength and fine form; will stand the ensuing season, at my plantation on James river, generally known by the name of Maiden's Adventure, about 3 miles above Fine Creek mill, and 4 miles below Michaux's ferry, in Powhatan county, to cover mares at twenty-five dollars the season, which will commence the first of March, and expire the first of August—Extraordinary good and extensive pasture gratis, but no liability for accidents or escapes. Gentlemen wishing their mares fed, may be furnished with corn at the market price, for which cash must be sent with the mares—as also, notes of hand for the due payment of the money for the season.
N. B. Twenty dollars, paid on or before the third Wednesday in November (being Powhatan court day) will be received as full compensation of the above, with half a do. to the groom.
This beautiful horse, St. Paul, was raised by the Prince of Wales, and got by his horse Saltram, who was got by Eclipse that covered at 200 guineas the season—his dam Virago by Snap—his granddam by Regulus, out of a sister to Black and all-Black, and was thought to be the best runner of his time—he won several large stakes, among which was the Derby, 1783, beating Dungannon, Volunteer, Phenomenon, Gonzales, and several others—he was the sire of Whiskey, who at 3 years old won 4550 guineas, also of Whip, Royalist, Peeping Tom, General, Collier, Sylph, Septim, Caroline, Tiffany, Laurestina, St. David, Sprightly, Queen of Sheba, Spankaway, Rose, Sweeper, Gytus, Coal Merchant, Pickpocket, Oscar, Ambrosio, Pretty Patty, and several others of the first rate runners. St. Paul's dam Purity was got by Marchmont, who covered for several of the last years of his life at 50 guineas a mare—her dam the Old Squirt mare, of as great a fame perhaps, as a good breeder, as any mare in the kingdom—she was the dam of Virgin, Dido, Conundrum, Ranthos, Enigma, Miss Timms, Pumpkin, Maiden (who was dam of Walnut) Le Sang, Rasselas, Purity, and several others. Purity was the dam of Rockingham, Archibald, Fitzwilliam, St. Paul and several others—Several certificates of St. Paul as a good and sure foal getter may be seen at his stand.
THOMAS HARRIS, JR. Powhatan city, March 1st. 1806
Richmond James River Company.
AT an adjourned meeting of the Richmond James River Company on 24th July, 1806, Whereas the Legislature of Virginia has, without the consent of this company proceeded to alter the act incorporating the same in many essential parts, by which it is deemed unsafe to proceed further in the improvement contemplated at the original formation of the company, and that it is also improper to incur any additional expense under an order of the company dated 15 February last;
Resolved therefore, That the President and Directors be requested to cause the machine to be put in a state of repair and sold, together with the negroes and other property belonging to the company, and that a final adjustment of the affairs of the same be brought to an immediate close, and that the Treasurer be requested to call upon those members of the company who have not paid their respective requisitions, to make immediate payment thereof—Extract from the minutes.
ROBERT POLLARD, CLE.
Church's Cough Drops
Is just received from the Proprietor's Dispensary, New York, and for sale at this office.
THE SECOND VOLUME OF CHASE'S TRIAL,
BY SAM'L. SMITH.
Is just received, and ready for delivery to subscribers at this office. A few copies of the work complete, for sale as above.
Observations on the speech of the hon. John Randolph, Representative for the state of Virginia, in the General Congress of America, on a motion for the non importation of British merchandise pending the present dispute between Great Britain and America. By the author of War in disguise.
(Continued.)
Yet this is, in truth, but a part of the enormous case. By what means has France acquired the power of enforcing her prohibition? By the same foul means which have enabled her to overthrow Austria, to break up the foundation of the Germanic empire, and add all Italy to her usurpations; by the most audacious violations of neutral rights, that ever disgraced, the page of history, or subverted the security of nations.
Here, we have no controverted principles to assume, in maintaining the oppressive charge. It is not, that on the ocean, and in the interruption of a commercial intercourse with a belligerent, neutral pretensions are opposed; but it is that into the heart of peaceful cities, and among the villages of a harmless peasantry, armies are sent to levy contributions, or pursue their desolating march by a power which does not allege against the hapless sufferers either the rights of war, or the provocation of a wrong. Ansbach, Hanover, Switzerland, Hamburg, Frankfort, even Rome itself, where a reconciled apostate might have been restrained by decent respect to the superstitution he has professed to resume, these, and many other places, need but be named, to call up abhorrence of the usurpers maxims, and to shew his utter contempt for the most acknowledged and sacred of neutral rights, whenever he has power to invade them. Even bed chambers are unsafe for princes in the bosom of a neutral court.
But are other nations responsible for these outrages? not directly so, I admit. Whether it be not a duty of neutral powers to unite in controlling them, and protecting those sacred principles by which the community of nations is bound together from further violation, is a question not hard to decide. But all I contend for here, is the very moderate position, that neutral nations ought not actively to assist in giving effect to a system, which is planted, sustained and expanded by these invasions of neutral rights.
If they will tamely permit Bonaparte to exclude ships when laden with our merchandise from Hamburg, and such other maritime places, yet permitted to be called neutral, as the terror of his arms has already shut against us; and to extend as he now threatens, the same system to Portugal and Denmark; it is not neutral, it is not equal, to deny a like latitude to us; and they would have no right to complain, if we should apply the same interdiction as generally to the merchandise of our enemies, wherever our power extends; that is, to every maritime part of the globe.
Colonial produce and supplies alone, are the subject now in dispute with America; but here is a principle, on which we might fairly interdict the carriage of French, Spanish, and Dutch goods in general, whether colonial or European; and not in particular voyages alone, but in any part of the ocean. If not, then the rights and duties of neutrality are all on one side, and Bonaparte has already obtained some of the legal effects of that sovereignty, to which he now openly aspires over the kings and kingdoms of the earth. He has imperial prerogatives in the courts of nations, in which a British monarch has no right to participate.
Hitherto it is a principle of neutral reason, to which no writer on the law of nations has objected, and which most of them have expressly affirmed, that impartiality is one of the duties of neutral states; and a breach of this duty is, that what they permit to one belligerent, they must be ready to permit to the other. Even the king of Prussia, acknowledged this obligation, when he gave passage to the Russian army, on hearing the violation of Anspach; nor has the French despot himself, had the assurance openly to find fault with the act.
But America, it may be said perhaps, has not yet been prevented by France, from carrying any goods whatever to the ports of this country, or our colonies. France, I admit, has not extended her commercial interdiction, where she had no power to extend it. She has no naval arms, and therefore can bolt the door against commerce on the inside only, not lock it from without; nor can she prevent importations into countries, into which her battalions cannot advance.
But if she has not prevented importation by neutral vessels, into England, she has done more, much more for the purpose of my argument, by excluding them from neutral ports.
America is prevented from importing British goods into Hamburg for instance, not because it is the will of the senate of Hamburg, but because it is the mandate of France; and America will submit to this prohibition, as she has done to other injuries of the same species, from the same unprincipled power. On what consistent pretence then could she complain, if we should forbid her carrying French goods, whether colonial or European, to Copenhagen or Lisbon? How otherwise are we to obtain equality, in respect of neutral commerce.
We may blockade, it is true, the ports from which our goods are excluded; but this is often an ineffectual resort, as well as always an expensive one, and a diversion of our naval force from more active service. Neither can it be expected, that we can spread our blockades over every harbour or accessible coast, to which Bonaparte can extend his exclusive system by land.
Besides it would be absurd to maintain that we may lawfully blockade neutral ports as a rightful defence against this unprecedented system of war and yet have no right to retaliate on the trade of the enemy's ports, lest neutral interests should suffer.
The blockade too, however completely enforced would be obviously ineffectual, to prevent the meditated injury to our commerce and our commerce. Our sugars are shut out from Hamburg, and we exclude French & Spanish sugars in return by our blockade. What then? If we allow the latter to be carried to Embden, to Antwerp, or any other blockaded port, the same continental markets are effectually supplied by means of interior navigation, with the French or Spanish article, which Hamburg before supplied with the British.
If, by a just and necessary retaliation, we should prevent the supply generally in neutral bottoms, the growing dearth of the article would soon frustrate the hostile prohibition, or oblige the enemy to repeal it; but while French and Spanish produce, can be plentifully obtained from neighboring ports, this natural remedy cannot operate; and our blockade rather tends in a commercial view to increase, than diminish the evil.
The partiality therefore in the acquiescence and the resistance of neutral states, amounts not merely to passive justice, but to an active and pernicious co-operation with the enemy in his efforts to destroy our commerce; yet though he tramples for that end of the most indisputable rights of neutrals, their extreme, abstract, and most doubtful rights, are strangely set up against us, to effectuate his injurious purpose.
The main though preposterous defence of the frustration of our hostilities against the enemy's colonial trade, is his right to open his own ports; but has he a right to shut all neutral ports, as well as to open his own? Here at least the land right, will not bear out the sea wrong. Besides, America has now shrunk from this favorite principle of hers, when she had to deal with a power that would not be quelled. She has not suffered France to take her ships when trading to St. Domingo, but at the imperious mandate of that power has passed a law to forbid the trade to her subjects. Is it because Desalines has not as good a title to Hayti, as Bonaparte to Naples? I should deny the proposition—even as to Paris; but at least Desalines has as good a right to make laws in Hayti, as Bonaparte at Hamburg.
If the nation which is called on to submit to such injurious inequality of treatment, were feeble or inferior at sea, the too common disposition in the strong to oppress the weak, might account for the unjust demand. But what in the present case may well excite astonishment, as well as indignation, is, that this injustice is offered to a nation, whose power to resist it, is as indisputable, as her right to do so—whose invincible and magnificent navy rides triumphant on every sea; who, to use the words of Mr. Randolph, "has annihilated the marine of her enemies" and might boldly defy the combined hostility of all the maritime nations on the globe, to snatch the trident from her hand.
That France, an exile from the ocean, should under such circumstances, have the assurance to wage with us a war of commercial exclusions, is singular enough. But if neutrals will persevere in their present conduct, & if England firmly submit to it, the plan is perfectly rational & cannot fail of final success.
Behold then a new prodigy of this extraordinary age, the utmost maritime strength is impotent to protect commercial navigation; and a power that is driven from the ocean can destroy the trade of the enemy!
But the paradox is of easy solution. The plain key to it, is, the new and com-pendious principle that the rights of neutrality, are nothing on shore, but every thing at sea.
If this doctrine is to prevail, let us be sech the people of the United States, to relieve us from the burden of those 800 men of war, which Mr. Randolph, with but a small exaggeration, supposes us at present to possess—to take also off our hands this island, which we cannot long hope to defend, and give us a district beyond the blue mountains, in exchange.
At present we have no such distant retreat, as Mr. R. speaks of, from the arms of an invader; no alternative to that naval war, which he wisely declines.
Surely such new and forcible considerations as the present conjuncture affords, cannot fail to have an influence on the minds of the American people. It is true, they might have been suggested in some degree, by the conduct of France, at an earlier period of the war; but the exclusion of our commerce from the continent, though partially and faintly attempted before, is now the first time distinctly avowed by Bonaparte, as the grand offensive project which is to enforce our submission; and in the execution of which, neutral nations, as he scruples not to threaten, will be constrained to concur. Neither till the defection of Prussia from the standard of neutrality, was the scheme so boldly acted on as at present, or so capable of extensive effect.
Mr. Randolph, in one part of his speech, seems to consider the excuse of necessity, as the chief argument relied upon in the pamphlet, which he does me the honor to quote; but on a reference to the work, it will be found that this was but one, among many foundations of right, on which the rule of the war of 1756 was placed, and to the chief part of which no answer has hitherto been given; and it will further be found, that the author did not profess to argue the question at large, even in respect of the colonial trade, much less to define and defend the whole extent of our maritime rights in the present and unparalleled contest.
There are other views, still more comprehensive and important, upon which it would be much easier to justify the severest war that possibly could be waged against the commerce of our enemy, and the maritime intercourse of his usurped dominions, than to excuse the concessions that have been hitherto made in favour of neutral trade. But neither these, nor the considerations here briefly suggested, have yet been submitted to the candour of the American people.
A magnanimous, but not very prudent contempt of the popular voice in foreign countries, or at least of the means of obtaining its suffrage, has been long displayed by the cabinet of England. We fight, we pay, we negotiate, but except in a formal manifesto, we do not reason to the European and American public. We abandon to our enemies, the influence of every foreign press, even where the fear of French arms does not preclude a competition.
It is perhaps a natural, though accidental consequence, of our peculiar form of government—the rights and the interests of the nation, the grounds of its wars, and its treaties, are copiously discussed in Parliament; and we forget that foreign politicians do not always read our debates.
The grand subject of our maritime rights, at least, has every where, out of England, been left to private and self-interested pens, and these have almost universally been in the service of neutralizing traders. Our enemies therefore have walked over the course in America, as well as in other neutral countries; and the people hearing of nothing but British violence and injustice, have condemned us without trial.
I am led to these remarks by a passage in Mr. Randolph's speech, in which he adopts an opinion currently received in America, that "War in Disguise," was written under the eye of Mr. Pitt. The same has also been affirmed confidently in all the newspapers of that country as a known fact, and has been hitherto uncontradicted. Let the author therefore do justice to the independence and freedom of his pen, at the expense of the credit which it might derive from the choice of our late celebrated minister. "War in Disguise," was not written under the eye, nor at the instigation of Mr. Pitt, or any other member of administration; nor was it honored by his perusal till after it was given to the public. Whatever be the weakness or the strength of the arguments it contains, they were spontaneous and sincere, the result of uninfluenced, and, as their author believes, of impartial opinion.
But to return from this digression—if new considerations of justice now arise to satisfy the people of the United States, that their demands are grounded in point of right; new and more powerful motives of policy, have also been furnished by the late changes in Europe, to reinforce the arguments of Mr. Randolph.
What hopes, let me ask, can they now retain, of the moderation of France, and how truly alarming to them ought to be the prospect of a maritime peace in Europe.

While a hope remained of a continental balance of power in the old world being restored, it was natural for the people of the United States to suppose themselves neutral in point of interest, in the event of war, as well as in their actual relations. But which of the politicians will now be hardy enough to dispute the opinion of Mr. Randolph, that the navy of England is the sole bulwark of American commerce, and that our ruin would insure their own.
This enlightened patriot (for though as an American addressing a republican audience, he says some things which an Englishman cannot approve, he fairly deserves that name) will I doubt not now farther extend his views, and discover more clearly the trans-Atlantic projects of French ambition which the war alone suspends.
Colonies are one of the favourite and avowed objects of Napoleon's views, and where are rich colonies to be obtained, so easily and so speedily, as in Spanish America? What! will the conscience of Bonaparte shrink from the guilt of despoiling another branch of his murdered master's family? or is it the patient character of his policy, to wait for the slow restitution of agriculture in St. Domingo, when finally regained by exterminating war, rather than possess himself at once of all the existing wealth and all the commerce of Cuba?
(To be continued) FROM THE AURORA. THE MURDER OF PIERCE.
We have copied from the papers of London, the ministerial and anti-ministerial—whigs and tories—Foxites and Pittites—their several observations and notions on the cruel outrage perpetrated by Whibley in the royal English ship Leander. The American public may judge of the disposition of the English government, and of the parties in and out of power, by these publications, and they will, it is painful but necessary to say, find nothing in them which bears the least token of respect for our independence or the love of justice itself: these papers lament for their own sake that we should be incensed but there is not a single sentiment uttered which carries the idea of justice towards the U. S. or of indignation for the injury—the insult and the murder.
That truth, so much insisted on by the enemies of reform, and so much apprehended by all who thrive upon the misfortunes and wrongs of society, that truth so constantly regarded by morolists in guarding against the approaches of vice—that the commission of one innovation is only the excuse or the temptation to the commission of another—this truth has never been more fatally exemplified, than in the progression of crimes and outrages against other nations. Every year from the commencement of the French revolution, to the present day, the disregard of the law of nations—the rights of neutrals, and even of justice, national honor and good faith, has been in our conspicuous and intolerable.
That our readers may at one view be satisfied on the extremes to which the outrages and disregard of universal law and justice, the government of England has proceeded, we shall not go back to the well known menaces of the English government against Gaeta , Elvira and Sisterland , to drive them from their neutrality; nor to the corruption practised by her ambassadors and consuls here, in order to drag the nation into war.
We shall take two facts—and the murder of Pierce shall be one of them; the other shall be a case of murder in the same way, but under circumstances even less heinous and atrocious—which occurred during our own revolution. In the New Annual Register , for 1781, page 91—under the head “principal occurrences,” will be found the following article:
“Nov. 19—On Saturday last, William Townshend, late lieu tenant of the Rover privateer of Bristol, was executed at Execution Dock, for the wilful murder of captain Girardo Silvestri , of the Victoria , a Venetian ship, by ordering a gun to be fired into the vessel which killed the captain—He acknowledged the gun to have been fired by his order, but without the least intention to kill any body. He behaved with great penitence.”
This is the case which we oppose to that of Pierce —the circumstances of his murder, need not be recapitulated—it is known to the nation; and national character, honor, and independence, call for equal and exact justice.
Look at the mode in which the murder of Pierce is treated in the English prints—it is called “an affair that happened”—and the expressions of national indignation, are called “the fever of fiction which will soon subside”—it is compared to “the popular fury of Marat and his associates in Paris when the revolutionary frenzy was high.”
But let the American reader look back to the case we have just stated of the murder of the Venetian mariner in the same way—and compare the cases.
In the case of the Venetian, the vessel carried a neutral flag.
In the case of the American, the vessel carried a neutral flag.
The Venetian was on the high seas.
The American was within the jurisdiction of the United States, in our own waters, and within a few yards of our own shores.
The murderer of the Venetian had a royal commission in a royal ship of the royal navy of England.
In the case of the Venetian, we find no account of any other than the one fatal shot. In the case of the murdered American we find that there were several shots.
The Venetian is not said to have attended to any signal.
The American had actually come to and was waiting to hear what the English ship wished to say, when she was fired into and the captain's brother at the helm, killed—wantonly fired at and murdered.
If the English press has become as debased as its government has increased in shameless disregard of the law of nations—it must be confessed, that the manner in which the papers of the United States, which are usually considered as in the pay of the English courts and agents—who scandalous manner in which those papers treat our national government, affords the English printers too deplorable an example—on that melancholy occasion, when all the nation without discrimination of party, felt the outrage of baseness to national dignity, and our insulted independence, the English prints gave an example of scandalous levity; and sarcasm was in-
dulged by an English print at N. York, which they have copied, and too closely imitated; when our own prints indulge in contempt of our country—our execration of foreign hostility and connivance indeed abuses ; but we cannot avoid indulging in the expression of our abhorrence and detestation of the cold blooded baseness that sports the character of our country, the honor of a free press, and even with the sorrows of the afflicted relatives of the murdered citizens, and makes American independence the scoff of domineering wretches and foreign enemies.
It remains to be seen whether America is as much respected as an independent nation now—as Venice was in 1781—time must unfold this truth—and as we shall look to the issue, we shall not fail to notice and to bring it before the American people.
FROM THE PHILADELPHIA GAZETTE. The Daily Advertiser of N. York, with a boldness approaching to impertinence, has accused the Marquis Yrujo of forging the letter published in this Gazette on Friday last. We are desired to pronounce the allegation false and malicious. A gentleman has called upon us with the original letter, of which the extract in our letter was a true copy; and has hereby satisfied us that the writer is the same who made the first communication to Colonel Smith. We are further assured, that the writer of the letter is a gentleman of high rank, and in the first estimation with the citizens of the United States; and if it shall become necessary, his name can be given to the public. This however will not be done, without first obtaining his consent.
From the New York Daily Advertiser. YRUJO AND HIS LETTERS—once more! The United States and the Philadelphia Gazettes of Wednesday evening, have openly taken up the defence of the Marquis. Mr. Relf, with a zeal peculiar to a person engaged in a bad cause, tells his readers that he was desired to inform the public that our allegations respecting the letters of his patron, “are false and malicious,” but Mr. Relf manifests more than usual prudence in concealing the name of the gentleman by whose order he thus wantonly pronounces our statement to be false and malicious. After ministering a dose of comfort to his friend, Relf informs his readers that a GENTLEMEN called on him with the original letter, from which the extract given in the Gazette was a true copy, and that it was from the same gentleman who first communicated Yrujo's letters to Col. Smith. Here our friend Relf, who is a man of some sentiment, advances that which is not true; but we must make some allowance for Yrujo's friend, when he candidly acknowledges that such were his orders. He next states that he is “further assured that the writer of the letter is a gentleman of high rank and in the first estimation with the citizens of the United States; and if it shall become necessary, his name can be given to the public. This, however, will not be done, without first obtaining his consent!!!” That the gentleman who communicated Yrujo's letter to Col. Smith, and which was first published in the Daily Advertiser, ranks high in the estimation of the citizens of the United States, we are as well assured of as Mr. Samuel Relf, or his friend Yrujo, can be; and from the knowledge which we have of him, we know that he does not think himself much honored by the attempts of Relf to palm upon him the fabrication of the Marquis de Yrujo, & his honorable character convinces us, (did we seek other proofs) that he could not be the author of a single sentence contained in Messrs. Relf and Yrujo's “Extract,” of which we now hope to take our leave, fully convinced that it was fabricated either by Yrujo, or in consequence of his directions.
As to Mr. BRONSON, the editor of the United States Gazette, for whom we have always entertained the greatest regard, we shall only observe, that we know of no right by which he can call upon us for our authority, for the remarks we have made. They were made to correct the misrepresentations of the author of the “Extract,” and not, as he roundly asserts “to mislead the public mind.” And as Col. Smith thought proper to make this paper the vehicle for communicating to his fellow-citizens, the base proposition of Yrujo, with his reply thereto, it became our duty to see that no underhand manoeuvres should free the Marquis de Yrujo from the odium which his conduct has so justly entailed upon him.
The following communication, we presume, will convince Yrujo that he has placed himself in a very awkward situation for a Spanish Grande, and from which it is doubted whether all his Letters, Extracts or Bulletins, manufactured either by himself or his subordinate agents, will be sufficient to extricate him.
The Marquis Yrujo appears again in the Philadelphia and United States Gazettes of July 23d.
The Gentleman who addressed the letter to Col. Smith, inclosing the Marquis's base proposals, could never have penned the one which is published under date of July 18th,* for it states that “a use has been made of it which was not expected, but must necessarily operate to prevent, in future, any similar overtures, even in cases where the lives of our friends and citizens would be considered as cheaply purchased by a disclosure.”
Col. Smith's friend is not the father of this sentence. He would, equally with him, spurn the base proposal, and the dignified sons of America would blush, in a similar case, to save the lives of their
* The date of the Philadelphia newspaper in which this Extract first appeared, for there was no date to the Extract itself, nor the place mentioned from where it was wrote.
brothers and friends by basely betraying a sacred trust, and preserving the life of any one by an act of treachery and baseness.
Cease, Mr. Yrujo, from further pressing the question; rest tranquil, if possible, with the weight already on your shoulders: censure not the Editor of the Daily Advertiser for giving publicity to your base proposals, and attempt no longer to flatter the public mind with futile endeavors to brush off the stain attached to your skirt.
The Editor of the Daily Advertiser is acquainted with the name of the Gentleman who writes this, and is authorised to say it is at the Marquis's service—if he chooses to apply for it.
LONDON, June 1. To the independent electors of Honiton. GENTLEMEN,
Perceiving that Mr. Cavendish Bradshaw has, since by your voice he was constituted one of the guardians of the public purse, taken care to obtain a place by the means of which he drew into his own pocket some thousands a year out of that purse, and this, too, at a time when the load of indispensable taxes is pressing his honest and industrious constituents to the earth; perceiving this, and being fully persuaded, that whenever the electors of any place re-choose representatives under similar circumstances, the cause is not so much in their own disposition as in the apathy and lukewarmness of those independent men who may have the ability to rescue them from such hands; with this truth being deeply impressed, I did, upon hearing of the approaching vacancy, use my efforts to prevail upon other men of this description to afford you an opportunity of evincing your good sense and uprightness, and having failed in those efforts, I have thought it my duty to afford you this opportunity myself; it being manifestly true, that the mere fact of independence and of public spirit will, for themselves as candidates, to rail at electors for choosing, and re-choosing the dependent and the mercenary is, in the highest degree, unreasonable and unjust.
As to professions, gentlemen, so many and so loud upon such occasions, have they been; so numerous are the instances, in which the foulness and the shamelessness of the apostasy have borne an exact proportion to the purity and the solemnity of the vow; so completely, and with such fatal effect, have the grounds of confidence been destroyed, that it is now become necessary, upon all occasions like the present, to give a pledge, such as every man can clearly understand, and such as it is impossible to violate without exposing the violator to detection and to all the consequences of detected hypocrisy and falsehood; and, such a pledge, I now give in declaring that, whether you elect me or not, I never, as long as I live, either for myself, or for, or through the means of any one of my family, will receive, under any name, whether of salary, pension or other, either directly or indirectly, one single farthing of the public money; but, without emolument, compensation or reward of any kind, or in any shape, will to the utmost of my ability, watch over and defend the property, the liberties and the privileges of the people, never therefrom separating, as I never yet have, the just and constitutional rights and prerogatives of the crown.
This declaration, gentlemen, is not made without due reflection as to the future as well as to the present, as to public men in general as well as to myself. It proceeds, first, from an opinion, that the representatives of the people ought never to be exposed to the temptation of betraying their trust; secondly, from long observation, that those who live upon the public are amongst the most miserable of men; and thirdly, from that experience in the various walks of life, which has convinced me of the wisdom of Hager, who prayed for neither wisdom nor poverty; not riches, lest he should forget God; nor poverty, lest he should be tempted to steal; and to receive the public money unjustly, is not only stealing, but stealing of the worst and basest sort, including a breach of the most sacred trust: accompanied with the cowardly consciousness of impunity. From reflections like these gentlemen, it is, that the declaration now made has proceeded, and, when I depart, in word or in deed, from this declaration, may I become the scorn of my country; wherein to be remembered with esteem I prize beyond all the riches and all the honors of this world.
But, gentlemen, as it is my firm determination never to receive a farthing of the public money, so it is my determination equally firm, never, in any way whatever, to give one farthing of my own money to any man, in order to induce him to vote, or to cause others to vote for me; and being convinced, that it is this practice of giving or promising to give money or money's worth, at elections; being convinced that it is this disgraceful, this unlawful, this profligate, this impious practice, to which are to be ascribed all our calamities, & all the dangers that now stare us in the face, I cannot refrain from exhorting you to be against all attempts at such practices, constantly and watchfully upon your guard—The candidates who have resorted to such means have always been found amongst the most wicked of men; men, who, having, by a life of a dishonest, or of gambling, or of profligacy of some other sort, ruined both their character and their fortunes, have staked their last thousand upon an election, with the hope of thereby obtaining security from a jail, and of selling their vote for the means of future subsistence, drawn from the sweat of the people at a hundred fold; and thus expecting to pocket the profit of the corrupt speculation, sneering at their bribed and perjured constituents, as Satan is said to have sneered at the reprobate with whom he had bargained for his soul.
Far from you, gentlemen, be cruelty so foolish! Far from you, disgrace so deep, infamy so indelible! Far from you so flagrant a violation of the law, to daring a defiance of the justice and the power and the wrath of God! But, were it otherwise, and did I find in Honiton but as many righteous men as were found in Sodom and Gomorrah, I would tender them my hand to lead them from the rest. Very different, however, are my hopes: these hopes forbid me to believe it possible that there should be, collected upon one spot, four hundred Englishmen, having the eyes of all England upon them, who will not, by their votes, freely and cordially given, sanction the great principle upon which I now stand—and in these hopes, I will, if I have life, do myself the honor to meet you on the day of election. In the mean while,
I am, With great respect, Gentlemen, Your most humble and most obedient servt. WM. COBBETT. Bosley, Southampton, 1st of June, 1806.
June 19. Mr. Cobbett, attended by Col. Bosville, the Hon. C. Johnstone, Mr. Cartwright, Mr. Finerty, and several other gentlemen, entered Honiton on Saturday last. The
election takes place on Monday. From what cause it arises we know not, but certainly Mr. Cobbett's frank declaration that he would not give one farthing to any voter, in order to secure his election, does not seem to be relished by the worthy Electors of this Borough. Several handbills have been distributed by Mr. Cobbett's friends. In consequence of one of them, Mr. Bradshaw has been induced to declare his intention of opposing the Brewing Tax.
NEW YORK, July 25. Capt. Darrell, sailed from St. Kitts on the 3d inst and informs, that he saw a person directly from Montserrat, who told him that a French squadron of six sail of the line, three frigates and two brigs, were lying off and on that place, and burnt several British vessels in the harbor. This is no doubt Jerome Bonaparte's squadron, last from Fort-Royal.
July 26. Captain Cook, arrived at Newburyport on Saturday from Trinidad, which place he left 19th June, contradicts the report that Col. Armstrong had been enlisting men at that place for Miranda; he informs that not a man had been enlisted, and that the people entertained the most contemptible idea of his expedition.—Miranda had not arrived there when he left.
Capt. C. further observes, that he spoke a Charleston brig the 26th June, 12 days from Cayenne, the capt. of which informed, that a considerable French force of ships of the line and frigates arrived at Cayenne, and sailed from thence (destination unknown) three days before the brig sailed.
Accounts from St. Bartholomews, as late as the 20th of June, state, that an attack from the French was instantly expected at that island.
CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. NEW YORK DISTRICT. UNITED STATES vs. WM. S. SMITH. TEN H DAY.
Before we state the proceedings of the Court this day, it will be proper to notice the progress of the trial yesterday, after the hour at which our paper was issued. Mr. Hoffman, who was speaking at that hour, finished his powerful and brilliant efforts in behalf of the defendant, at half past three o'clock—having spoken nearly three hours. The jury then retired for refreshment and, in a few minutes, returned to their seats.
Mr. Emett then followed Mr. Hoffman in a speech of nearly two hours. He necessarily pursued the general outlines, adopted by his associates, who had preceded him. At almost every stage of his argument, he produced new and interesting illustrations. His imagery was glowing and well supported, his positions were clear, his reasoning logical, and his deductions apparently perspicuous and conclusive. As an Orator he holds a very respectable rank. Although his voice and his gestures are not the most happy, yet his eloquence is peculiarly bold, energetic and impressive. It is with pleasure we seize this occasion to express an opinion respecting that gentleman, formed from a deliberate observation of his private conduct and his professional exertions, during his residence in this city.
Amiable in his domestic life, unassuming and exemplary in his general deportment, possessed of a sound mind, of a glowing imagination controlled by correct judgment, of a ready and lively perception, of great legal knowledge, and of extensive and general erudition, Mr. Emett is, in our view, an honor to the country which gave him birth, a valuable acquisition to the country he has adopted, and a distinguished ornament to the American bar.
The Court met at 10 o'clock, pursuant to adjournment. Present—Judge TALMADGE.
Mr. Harrison rose, and, in a dispassionate and forcible address of two hours, closed the argument on the part of the Defendant. He pursued the arrangement of his associate counsel, and discussed the various points with the learning and ability which he always exhibits on similar occasions. If the Defendant be not acquitted, his conviction cannot be ascribed to a deficiency of talents or of efforts in his Counsel. All that men could do, under the existing restrictions of the Court, they have done to secure his acquittal.
The Attorney General rose, at twelve o'clock, in behalf of the prosecution. We regret that we cannot give a sketch of his argument. He spoke in so low a tone of voice that we could distinguish, but a part of it. What we heard, however, appeared to be ingenious, and well adapted to the object before him.
Mr. Edwards, the concluding counsel, rose about two o'clock. He had merely disposed of the prefatory topics, and approached the merits of the cause when our paper was issued.—Com. Adv.
The pleading being closed, Judge Talmadge summoned up the evidence, and the Jury retired about half past 4 in the afternoon. In about 2 hours the Jury returned into Court with a Verdict of NOT GUILTY. Col. Smith is thus, we have the pleasure of stating, honorably acquitted of the charge brought against him by the government.—And the blame of the Miranda expedition will attach where it ought.—N. Y. Gaz.
UNITED STATES vs. S. G. OGDEN. The Court met at 10 o'clock, pursuant to adjournment. Present Judge TALMADGE.
The court proceeded to empanel the jury; Joseph Strong, and Benj. Butler, were called and sworn, John Fellows, who being the next called, was objected to on the ground of having expressed an opinion unfavorable to Mr. Ogden.
A third juryman, Wm. Coit, was then called and sworn; and these three constituted a court to try the competence of Mr. Fellows as a juryman in this cause.
Mr. Ludlow, being sworn, deposed, that “John Fellows, after he was summoned as a juryman, declared that he should wish that Col. Smith, were it not for his insolent memorial to congress, might be acquitted; but as to Mr. Ogden, IT WAS NO MATTER HOW MUCH HE SUFFERED”—or words to this amount.
After a few remarks from the counsel and the bench, the triers retired, and in a few minutes returned the verdict—that John Fellows was not an impartial juryman in this cause.
James M'Connell, David A. Cumming, James Palmer, jun. John Batchelor, Ezra Weeks, John P. Groshon, John M'Kee, William Dustin and Andrew S. Norwood, were called and sworn.
Mr. Colden, for the defendant, moved for attachments against Mr. Madison, Mr. Thornton, Mr. Wagner and Mr. Robert Smith, absent witnesses. The court decided against the motion.
The attorney general then commenced the examination of witnesses, on the part of the prosecution.
NORFOLK, July 28. We have been favored with the following copy of an extract of a letter from Admiral Cochrane, dated July 12th on board of His Britannic Majesty's ship Northumberland, off Tortola, to Col. Hamilton, received by the brig St. Brides, capt. Smith, arrived at this port on Saturday.
“I have just a moment to tell you, that we followed the French fleet to the West end of the Tortola passage, they going off before the wind. Their force are 2 eighty fours , and 4 seventy fours , my force 3 seventy fours , and 1 sixty four . Had they kept their course, I meant to have paid them a visit after dark, but they made sail to the northward, and I saw three more ships join them. I then returned to Tortola, which island with the convoy, was to have been destroyed the day I appeared. I hope to be reinforced, and yet to see them to good purpose.”
NEW ORLEANS, June 4. We learn from a person of correct information lately arrived from Mexico, that the commanders in that country have published an order of his catholic majesty, of the date of 10th February last, the purport of which is, “that all disputes which existed between H. C. M. and the United States of America, are at an end: it is therefore ordered to our commanders of the different frontier posts, near those of the U. States, to retire with their troops to the interior posts, and hold an amicable intercourse with the officers of the United States.”
CHARLESTON, July 15. By a gentleman who arrived on Sunday last from Cayenne, we are informed, that Jerome Bonaparte, who sails under the orders of a French admiral, was originally bound to the Cape of Good Hope, probably on his way to the East Indies; but speaking a transport carrying some of the Dutch troops to Europe, he learned the fate of that colony, and of one of his frigates, which had entered it not knowing of its capture. He then intended to have proceeded to St. Helena, but after cruising about for eight days they could not hit the island. The island probably had sunk, or the great nautical skill and long traced experience in navigation of the not distant prince, had certainly found it. The fact, however is, that they could not find it; and they told this circumstance themselves at Cayenne.
There were great rejoicings in that colony on the arrival of a prince of the blood royal of France. The inhabitants had suffered so much under the detestable tyranny of Victor Hughes, that they immediately applied to the prince for some amelioration in their situation; but alas, he went on without doing any thing, and the old governor, irritated at their insolence, exercised more coercion than before, banishing some to uninhabited and desolate parts of the continent.
JEROME BONAPARTE declared it to be his intention, as he had been prevented in the East-Indies, to strike some blow, before he returned to France, that should immortalize his name. Then says he, when the Emperor shall applaud my conduct and say, ‘Jerome, for what shall I give you to reward you for your bravery? I shall answer, ‘sire, give me my wife—she is the greatest gift you can bestow upon me, and if you give me her, you will make me happy.—But says he, if he will not give me my wife, but still persist in refusing to acknowledge her, I will go home (calling America his home) and never think more of leaving her.
If these be really his intentions, they do him honor; they prove him to possess a heart capable of feeling as a man; they prove him to be convinced that the affections of an amiable and virtuous wife, are of higher value than the gew-gaws and trinket of usurped nobility. The family of his wife are among the most respectable in the country in which they live, and should the mock-emperor send his brother Jerome adrift in the world, without a livre to buy him shoes, the relations of his wife can render him independent, and her virtues will make him happy.
Just received, and ready for delivery to Subscribers at this office, VOLUME I—Part II. DR. RAN'S NEW CYCLOPEDIA. August 1.

AN ORATION
Delivered by Thomas T. Jones, on the 4th of July, at Charlottesville, to an assembly convened for the purpose of celebrating the Anniversary of Independence.
IN contemplating the history of past ages, those periods which mark the rise and downfall of nations and of empires, irresistibly arrest our attention; the mind dwells on them with more than its accustomed interest, and in the series of past events we are led to seek for the causes which produced the mighty change. Such epochs may be considered as emblems in the variegated landscape of human affairs from whence we may not only survey with advantage the visible prospect of the past, but the imagination may be permitted to launch her views into unseen futurity.
If the changes of empire and the fall of kingdoms excite such interest in our minds, with what sensations shall we approach the era which the present anniversary recalls to our remembrance. An era which not only marks the period when a great nation rose into existence, but announces the arrival of an important revolution in human opinion, and unfolds to an astonished world, new prospects of happiness and of freedom. Whatever part it may be the future lot of America to act upon the theatre of the world, the declaration of her independence is an event which will long continue to hold a conspicuous station in the annals of history. The liberation from foreign dominion, of a country to which the unconscionable laws of nature have assigned the future destiny of containing so immense a population and such great physical power, the consequent recognition and practical establishment of republican principles upon a scale so new and so extensive, the influence which these transactions have had on the opinions and conduct of the inhabitants of other countries, are events which the hand of time can never obliterate. They have taken place before the eyes of the present generation and the pen of history has recorded them for the information of posterity; and so long as we preserve unimpaired the fair fabric of our freedom, so long will the annual return of this day continue to bring with it only sentiments of self-approbation and joy; but if at any time faithless to the sacred trust which has been committed to our charge we should suffer it to be dilapidated by the encroachments of ambition, then it will return only to remind us of our degeneracy, and to call down the execrations of posterity upon the heads of that generation which shall have permitted the devastation.
When I place myself in the situation of a citizen of the world and take a view of the political condition of America, when compared with that of other nations, the first aspect in which it presents itself to my mind is that of a great phenomenon in the political world, the fortuitous production of chance rather than the regular effect of the ordinary course of human events. If we take a retrospective view of antiquity, we shall only find republican government prevailing among a few inconsiderable states, whose freedom was as transient in its duration as their territories were diminutive in extent. The nations of the present day afford no other examples but of people who are either the slaves of coercive restraint, or of incurable prejudice, either making painful and ineffectual struggles for the attainment of freedom, or unconscious of its blessings and even ignorant of its name. We shall find the colonies which other nations have founded on the new continent, submitting with implicit reverence to the shackles of European subjection, and none of them aspiring to the elevated condition of freedom and independence which we enjoy. When from the contemplation of such scenes we direct our view to the country in which we live, we are struck with a contrast at once pleasing and astonishing, and by that irresistible curiosity which leads us to seek for causes adequate to the production of every effect, we are impelled to enquire by what series of events America has acquired this proud pre-eminence, to what fortunate concurrence of circumstances she is indebted for an exemption from so great a portion of those evils which vice and despotism have added to the catalogue of human misfortunes.
Our astonishment will in some measure subside if we advert to the condition of civilized Europe at the period when this country was first colonized. In that country from which we derive manners, language, and decent changes had occurred which were singularly calculated to inspire the early colonists with republican opinions and a high spirit of independence. And that such sentiments constituted an early trait in our national character is evident from the nature of our original political institutions. The reformation in religion had just unveiled the imposture of the priesthood and liberated the minds of men from the shackles of superstition. The press by disseminating the political writings to which the English revolution had given rise, had imparted new vigor to the human understanding and a new tone to human feeling. The examination of the principles of government had become familiar to the mind of every Englishman.
A people inspired with sentiments correspondent to the times in which they lived, found every thing in their new situation favorable to the establishment of such institutions as were conformable to their wishes. In the new continent enlighten-
ed innovation had not to contend with those inveterate abuses which originate in the dark and ignorant stages of society. Acquire thro' length of time a prescriptive title to veneration, and become so interwoven with the whole texture of society, that their removal is not difficult but dangerous. America has had no stage of barbarism in her career; she presented in her commencement the spectacle of a nation civilized in her cradle, and the traits of maturity stamped upon the features of her infant institutions.
Let us now hasten to the reflections presented by that eventful period of our history when the claim of unlimited taxation made by the British government produced the event which we now commemorate. A people who have not reflected rationally on the nature of government, never look forward to prospective danger. They are only goaded to resistances by the actual suffering of intolerable oppression, and revolutions thus produced are attended with crimes equally disgraceful to the oppressors and the oppressed. With regard to the American people the amount of real injury sustained was inconsiderable; but they knew that the unlimited power of taxing the labor and industry of man, was one of the most awful appendages of sovereignty, they recollected that the abuse of it had been in all ages and countries, the most productive source of human calamity, and that such abuse is inevitable whenever it is intrusted to any other hands than those of the responsible agents of the people.
In the conflict which ensued, humanity cannot reproach America with any of those crimes which wars of ambition and conquest so often present, nor is the war of her revolution signalized by any of those splendid achievements of military prowess, which dazzle the imagination and invest the horrors of war with a false and delusive glory. In fact there is no subject on which the welfare of society so imperiously demands a radical change of public opinion as on that of war. A war should be only undertaken to accomplish some great national purpose which will justify the sacrifice of every thing but independence, it should be entered on as on an act of direful necessity, & conducted with gloomy, and desperate determination. Above all it is essential that the sacrifice of wealth and enjoyment should be general throughout the community, in order that while the nation suffers all the evils, privations and indigence arising from paralyzed industry and ruined commerce, the favorites of power may not be permitted to enrich themselves by the traffic of blood and to harvest on the miseries of their country. Whenever the extension of commerce, the acquisition of glory or of wealth are the motives which impel to war, it is fraught with mischief to the victors as well as the vanquished, and despotism will batten on the spoils of both.
If we suppose a superior being to look down on the affairs of men, or to take any part in their contests, it is only such a warfare as America was waging with the disciplined hirelings of despotism, that he can be supposed to view with complacency or favor. Never should it be forgotten that the American people thinly dispersed over a wide continent, without military discipline or experience, without a public treasury or a government competent to direct their movements and concentrate their strength, when all the sources of profitable employment for industry and capital were dried up, submitted to a voluntary privation of all those foreign luxuries which habit had rendered essential to their comfort, and encountered fatigue, hunger, the inclemencies of seasons, and the dangers of battle.
The most interesting point of view in which the war of the revolution can be considered, is that its object was accomplished by the spontaneous efforts of a people, who by being accustomed to the enjoyment of freedom, were sensible of its blessings and knew what sacrifices they ought to make in its support. When thus considered it affords a practical refutation of those dogmatists who would confound the strength of a nation with the energy of her government, measure her wealth by the fulness of her treasury, or the extent of her resources by that of her commerce. From hence tyrants may learn that oppression by weakening the attachment of a people to their country and their government, weakens one of the strongest pillars of their power.
Some persons have been induced, from a supposed analogy to the republics of antiquity, to make unfavorable presages of the destiny of our own. But it affords a pleasing prospect, at the same time that it serves to strengthen our attachment to freedom, when we reflect, that republican government is rendered capable by means of the art of printing, of being transmitted to posterity through indefinite futurity. To be convinced of the important change which the art of printing has produced in relation to popular government, and of the superior claims to durability which it confers on our republic when compared with any which have existed before it, we have only to make the following obvious remarks. No people can exercise any of the functions of sovereignty whether of legislation or election unless they possess a certain degree of information not only on general subjects, but on those particular topics of the day which are to be the subjects of their deliberation and their suffrage. Before the use of printing, these objects could only be attained in cities or in territories of such small extent that the inhabitants could be frequently and easily convened; for the necessary information could only be acquired by frequent perso-
nal intercourse by attending the oral lectures of teachers or of listening to the harangues of the orators in their public assemblies. Hence it was that in ancient times republican government was only practicable in states of the above description. It was impossible that the freedom of such states could be permanent; their weakness continually exposed to the danger of foreign conquest by powerful and ambitious kingdoms; or if they in their turn, made conquests, the disorders and precipitate measures resulting from crowded and turbulent assemblies, the luxury and idleness inseparable from large and populous cities soon brought them to an untimely end.
But at the present day so far is extent of territory, from being incompatible with free government, and such an amelioration has the art of printing effected in the intellectual condition of those persons who live far remote from towns and cities, that a greater surface of country is probably capable of being permanently and safely united under a republic than under any other form of government. (To be concluded in our next.)
* Note. Those words which denote refinement of manners, in contradistinction to coarseness and brutality, are derived from others which signify cities. The word Pagan , originally imported only the inhabitant of a village, which proves that idolatry maintained its ground in the country long after its expulsion from cities. These etymologies imply a much greater difference in the moral and intellectual condition of the city and country than now exists.
VIRGINIA ARGUS.
RICHMOND: SATURDAY, AUGUST 2, 1806.
The measures recently taken in France evidently point out the intentions of that government to establish a navy—and not only a navy, but a most numerous and powerful one—from the corps of naval and military engineers, there were selected in the latter part of May last, twelve inspectors general of the forests, to each of whom a province has been assigned and specific directions to collect all the timber fit for naval purposes & such information in their several departments, as may enable the government to estimate its resources at all times—these inspectors are Messrs. Bertrand, Crepy, Castaing, Delians, Dubois, Daguillier, Dutille Garton, Guy, Legrand Legrange, Marcotte, and Seizille. The memorable Abbe Maury (now far excellence —Cardinal) arrived at Lyons on the 21st May, on his route to Paris —on a visit to the arbiter of Europe!
Lord Darney is the English ambassador at Vienna, vice Paget ; this lord's family name is Bligh , he is descended of one of those adventurers who passed to Ireland with Cromwell and made a Nobob's estate there, which qualified the family for nobility.— Aurora
British and French West India fleets—Capt. Gamble of the Schooner Favorite , arrived at the Lazaretto in 15 days from St. Pierres (Mart.) informs that four days before he sailed, a French squadron, left Martinique, consisting of 6 ships of the line and one frigate, viz. Le Foudroyant , admiral Villiaumez, capt. Henry, 84 guns; Le Veteran , capt. Jerome Bonaparte, 80; L'Eole , captain Perrot, de le Patriot, 74; Le Jupiter , capt. Lacey, 74; La Croix , 74; Le Citard , capt. Faure, 74; La , capt. L'Auguet, frigate 40.— Pol. Reg.
By the sch't Margaret Tincey , capt. Newcomb, arrived at the Lazaretto on Friday, in 17 days from Martinique, (via St. Thomas) we are informed that the English fleet had returned to Tortola, without any action with the French having taken place. In the Gulph Stream, captain N. was boarded by the British frigate Fortune , who said he had cut off 24 sail of droppers from Samana, and destroyed them at sea, as also two other vessels, one of them loaded with coffee—and that the frigate with 6 sail of the line were convoy to a fleet of 172 merchantmen, from the West Indies bound for Europe, &c. then in sight, and through which captain N. had passed.— ib.
A detachment of 72 men, (new recruits) under the command of Lieut. P. Vincent Bouis, from fort M'Henry, near Baltimore, arrived at New Orleans.
In late New Orleans papers we observe, that no less than 93 flats or arks, from different parts up the Mississippi and Ohio, had arrived there with the produce of our western country, in one week.— N. Y. D. Adv.
Extract of a letter from Abenstock, in Saxony, April 27.—The dreadful dearth and famine which distress our mountains, are particularly felt in our very populous town, where provisions are not abundant, and where 3000 inhabitants are crowded together in 400 small houses. One third is so exhausted by famine, that many of them who might earn something by their labor, are so reduced as to be unable to do any thing, and are obliged to submit to their rigorous fate.—Some relief, which they received from time to time, from charitable persons in distant parts, retard the melancholy end of these unfortunate wretches, which is inevitable, unless God himself rescues them from their misery. The young people are most to be pitied; out of 500 children who attend the school, there are at least 100 who look like corpses. Most of them have not strength to go to school; they have no other subsistence but bread and potatoes, and those
not in sufficient quantity for their support. In this situation they await their melancholy fate, extended naked in their huts. (London paper.)
On Saturday, the 15th inst. a Negro Man belonging to Mr. M'Corele, was executed in Lincoln county, for the murder of his mistress—he was tried on the 3d inst. when it appeared in evidence that he had been rebuked on Tuesday morning, by his mistress, for beating his wife—after which he went to ploughing, and in about two hours afterwards returned to the house with a club, went into the kitchen and knocked his wife into the fire, and was proceeding to further acts of violence, when Mrs. M'Corele went into the kitchen, to save the negro woman if possible, from further harm; when the fellow immediately knocked her down, and beat her till she was dead; he then ran off, but returned in the evening for the purpose of procuring a horse, the more effectually to ensure his escape; he was then discovered and apprehended. He was sentenced to be burnt at the stake, which sentence was executed on Saturday last, in the presence of numerous spectators, who had assembled to behold the awful and shocking spectacle. He confessed the murder, and prayed with much earnestness for the divine forgiveness, until the violence of the flames destroyed the powers of utterance. (Augusta Chronicle.)
Inspected the last 12 months ending 1st July, 1806—63,440 bbls. Flour. ISAAC WEBSTER. Richmond.
A school master in England has lately written a tract to prove that eye tax is a tax on sin . (BY AUTHORITY.)
AN ACT
For the regulation of the times of holding the Courts of the district of Columbia; and for other purposes. BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the circuit court for Washington county, in the district of Columbia, shall hereafter commence and be held on the first Monday in June in each year, instead of the fourth Monday in July, as now fixed by law; and the circuit for Alexandria county, in said district, on the first Monday in July, instead of the fourth Monday in June, as now established, and that the circuit court for Washington county, which now stands adjourned to the fourth Monday in July next; shall be, and is hereby adjourned to the first Monday in June next, and the circuit court for Alexandria county shall be adjourned to, and held on the first Monday in July next; and that all process whatsoever now issued, or that may be issued in the respective counties of Washington and Alexandria, in said district, returnable to the fourth Mondays in June and July next respectively, or to any particular day in the first, second, or other succeeding weeks during the said terms, as heretofore established, shall be returnable, and returned to the first Mondays in June and July next, or to corresponding days in the first, second, or other succeeding weeks during the said terms, respectively as now by this law established, and all causes, recognizances, pleas, and proceedings, civil and criminal, returnable to, and depending before the said courts, at the respective times of holding the same as heretofore established, shall be returned and continued to the said first Mondays in June & July next; in the same manner, as if the said causes, recognizances, pleas, and proceedings had been regularly returned or continued to the said respective times appointed by this act for holding the said courts.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the provisions of the act, entitled "An act for the relief of insolvent debtors within the district of Columbia," shall extend to any debtor who may have been, or hereafter shall be arrested and holden to bail in the said district, and who at the time of his arrest shall have been a resident in the said district one year, next preceding his arrest.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That for all services performed by the clerks of the said counties, not provided for by the laws regulating the fees of the general court of Maryland and the district court of Virginia, respectively, they shall each be entitled to the compensation as the circuit court for the district aforesaid shall allow.
NATHL. MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. S. SMITH, President of the Senate pro tempore. April 21, 1806.—APPROVED. TH. JEFFERSON.
AN ACT
To provide for the adjustment of titles of land in the town of Detroit and territory of Michigan, and for other purposes. BE it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the governor and judges of the territory of Michigan, shall be, and they, or any three of them, are hereby authorized to lay out a town, including the whole of the old town of Detroit, and ten thousand acres adjacent, excepting such parts as the President of the United States shall direct to be reserved for the use of the military department, and shall hear, examine, and finally adjust all claims to lots herein, and give deeds for the same. And to every person, or the legal representative or representatives of every person, who not owing or professing allegiance to any foreign power, being a boy the age of seventeen years, did on the eleventh day of June, one thousand eight hundred and five, when the old town of Detroit was burnt, own or inhabit a house in the same, there shall
be granted by the governor and the judges aforesaid, or any three of them, and where they shall judge most proper, a lot not exceeding the quantity of five thousand square feet.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the land remaining of the said ten thousand acres, after satisfying claims provided for by the preceding section, shall be disposed of by the governor and judges aforesaid, at their discretion, to the best advantage, who are hereby authorized to make deeds to the purchasers thereof, and the proceeds of the land so disposed of, shall be applied by the governor and judges aforesaid, towards building a court-house and jail in the town of Detroit; and the said governor and judges are required to make a report to Congress, in writing, of their proceedings under this act.
NATHL. MACON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. S. SMITH, President of the Senate pro tempore. April 21, 1806.—APPROVED. TH. JEFFERSON.
At the Eagle Tavern.
MR. MANFREDI, And his Company, consisting of five Performers, three Ladies and two Gentlemen, respectfully inform the public, that their next performance will be on
MONDAY EVENING, August 4. The Performance will commence with A SPANISH DANCE, BY THE LITTLE AMERICAN.
DANCING ON THE ROPE. A dance in character with the balance pole, by Miss LOUISA Miss CATHERINE will dance a Hornpipe on the rope, after which a serious dance.
A GROTESQUE DANCE, By Madame MANFREDI—The Moving Board.—She will dance without putting her foot on the rope, with the balance pole, and play a handsome air on the Mandoline, on the rope without the balance pole.
After which the Combat of the Two Flags, by Mr. and Mrs. MANFREDI on the rope.
THE COSSAC DANCE. Mr. MANFREDI will dance with two Baskets tied to his feet, after which he will dance with two Boys in the same manner, without the balance pole.—He will beat the drum; perform the curious Feat of the Clock; play the French Horn; and jump backward and forward over a Handkerchief.
Tumbling Agility of the Children, Who will perform several feats on the Carpet, in the Italian style. Extraordinary feats of the Tumblers, who will throw backward, and forward Somersets over Tables and Chairs—Grand Tumbling, with English and Spanish dances.
THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS. Mr. MANFREDI will balance several persons on his Arms, Legs &c. shewing several perspectives in the Roman style. He will dance a Spanish Fandango over several Eggs.
The whole to conclude with a CORN-IPE, by Miss CATHERINE. Admission one dollar & Children half price. The doors to open at 7 o'clock, and the curtain rises at 8 o'clock.
NO SMOKING. The days of performance will be on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays.
PURSUANT to a deed of trust, bearing date on the first of June, 1805 and duly recorded in Henrico county court, from Nathaniel Childers late of the said county, to the subscribers, to secure the payment of a debt due from said Childers to Edward Catlin, will be offered for sale, on Tuesday the 26th day of next month, (August) the following negroes to wit, Billy, Pheby, Saley, Cecil, Cole and Maria; also three BEDS and FURNITURE, together with all the house hold and kitchen FURNITURE of every denomination, belonging to the said Childers. The foregoing property will be sold at A. Meanley's tavern in Shed town, for ready money, to satisfy a balance of said debt from said Childers to said Catlin, and the expenses of the said trust, and the surplus proceeding from said sale, to be paid to said Childers. JOHN NEW, WILLIAM NETTLES, } Trustees. July 22d, 1806.
Thos. & Amos Ladd,
Have suspended the grinding of wheat in their Merchant Mill, on the James river canal about one and a half miles above this city, for the purpose of grinding Corn on toll, where they now have a plentiful supply of water. This they are induced to do, to relieve the distresses of the people, though at a great sacrifice of their own interest. Richmond, 8th mo. 1, 1806.
MILLINERY.
MRS. S. PLEASANTS, in corner house next door below Jacob Johnson's Bookstore, has received a handsome assortment of BONNETS, HATS, &c. &c. of newest fashion, just from Philadelphia. A supply will be constantly kept on hand.
THE Clerks of the several county and corporation courts, are respectfully requested to forward to this office as soon after the first day of September next as possible, a list of Licences granted to Tavern keepers, Haulers and Pedlars, pursuant to the act of Assembly passed the last session, entitled "An act to provide more effectually for the collection of taxes." Sec. 3. The Commissioners of the Revenue are likewise requested to forward a list of Licences granted to Merchants, to the first of September next, as soon after that period as possible. SAML. SILPARD, Auditor. Auditor's Office, 1st August, 1806.
NEW BOOKS.
Just received and for Sale, at S. PLEASANTS' printing office and book store, near the Bridge, The Secret History of the Cabinet of St. Cloud; in a series of letters from a resident in Paris to a nobleman in London, written during the months of August, September & October, 1805. Reflections on the Rise and Fall of the Ancient Republics adapted to the present state of Great Britain; By Edward W. Montague, jun. The English Nun; or the Sorrows of Edward and Louisa—a novel. Fessenden's Poems.
BILLS OF LADING May be had at this Office.

20 DOLLARS REWARD, FOR apprehending ISAAC, who ran away the 14th of June last. He is a large, likely, dark yellow fellow, about 30 years of age, 6 feet high, very bald on his age, bushy head of hair, which he combs back, large whiskers, fore teeth scarcely touching each other and inclining towards his lips, which are thick, and are manifest when spoken to, sanctified countenance, a Baptist preacher, on which venerable society he has certainly grossly imposed. He has a wife in the estate of Col. Robert Lewis, dec. in Goochland county, at the mouth of the Great Bridge, where I presume he is now lurking, and probably will be concealed by her. He served a regular apprenticeship to the millwright's trade; has great use of tools, and can do tolerable cabinet work—he is an artful scoundrel, can both read and write, and calls himself Isaac Gwin. The above reward will be paid on his being delivered to me in Louisa county, near the Green Springs, or secured in jail so that I get him again. All masters or owners of vessels or others, are forewarned from carrying him out of this state, or harbouring of him in any manner whatsoever, at their peril. William Wash. July 5th, 1805.
W. WARDLAW Is receiving a large supply of MEDICINES, SURGEON'S INSTRUMENTS, FAMILY MEDICINE, CHESTS, &c. by the Protestant, from London. Richmond, May 6, 1806.
Advertisement. In consequence of a resolution of the General Assembly, passed at their late session, I am instructed by the Executive to make enquiry respecting the situation of all Ordnance and Military Stores, belonging to the state (not including those in the service of the United States or of this State) and make report thereof to the Governor. In obedience to this instruction, and as the most probable mean of effecting the object contemplated by the Executive, I have thought proper thus publicly to request of such of the citizens of the commonwealth as may have any knowledge of the situation, number, quality and size or weight of any cannon or other ordnance, and muskets; cannon balls, shells or other military stores, supposed to belong to the state, and not in immediate use, to communicate a particular report thereof to me as soon as convenient. SAMUEL COLEMAN, Clerk to the Executive. Richmond, Feb. 7, 1806.
TO BE RENTED, THE TENEMENT where I now reside, and possession given in June. April 9th, 1805. J. PENN.
JUST PUBLISHED, AND FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE, A PAMPHLET, Containing Sketches of the History of FRANCIS and ENGLAND—And an account of NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, Emperor of France, from his birth to the battle of Austerlitz—price 2s. April 28, 1806.
WHEAT FANS, FOR SALE, BY C. & T. SAUNDERS, Near the Basin of the Canal. May 23, 1806.
RICHMOND BATH, Adjoining the lower part of the Falling Garden, and immediately back of the Bell Tavern, is now in readiness to receive customers. It is supplied with Hot and Cold Waters, and a careful attendant to attend. For the convenience of small parties who may wish to bathe at the same time, the house is divided into four different apartments with every requisite convenience in each. The house will be kept open from day light till nine o'clock in the evening of each day; and the baths kept exclusively for the use of females from nine till twelve o'clock in the forenoon. * Price for a single bath 2s 6d or three tickets for one dollar. Children half price. * No people of color admitted. Richmond, 7th mo 24, 1806.
THAT well known and very valuable farm belonging to the estate of Samuel Couch, dec. lying on James River, near Goochland Court house, containing about 900 Acres of LAND, about half of which is well timbered wood land; about 300 acres of River Low Grounds and from 50 to 100 acres of valuable Creek Bottom. The cleared land is well enclosed and improved, with convenient dwelling and out houses in good repair, with a commodious Store, a valuable Mill, and a choice collection of about 1,500 bearing fruit trees. The terms of sale may be known on application to Daniel Couch on the premises (who will show the land to any person inclined to purchase) or to Micajah Crew in Hanover. The above tract of land contains improvements and accommodations for two families, and, if more agreeable to the purchasers, they may be divided and sold separately. MICAJAH CREW, ANN COUCH, Exors. of Exec. of S. Couch. P. S. If the above property is not sold before the 18th of August next, it will on that day, at Goochland courthouse, being court day, be set up to the highest bidder.
TO BE SOLD, for cash, at John Farfar's, on Rockfish river, in Amherst county, on Monday the 25th day of August next, by virtue of a deed of trust, to me executed, by John Farfar, for the purpose of discharging his debt due to Ryes, Murphy & Co. therein specified, ONE NEGRO WOMAN, named Milley, and her child, named Henley, and the increase of the said Milley, if any, since the executing the said trust: one SET of BLACK SMITH'S TOOLS, and one sorrel MARE and COLT. Daniel Higginbotham, Trustee. Amherst, 16th July, 1806.
TICKETS in the Second Class of the William and Mary College Lottery are for sale at this office. "Discoveries of Lewis and his Party, in Louisiana." A few copies of the above interesting work, just received, and for SALE, at the Post Office, Williamsburg, and at this office. May 5, 1806.
MATRASSES. CAN be had on very short notice, MATRASSES of all sizes & kinds, agreeably to order in the corner house, same square, below Mr. Jos. Darnadatt's, near the market, and next door to Mr. Jacob Johnson's book store—Also, BEDS furnished, and old matrassees worked over. Jno. S. Pleasants. June 5, 1806.
FOR SALE, THAT valuable TRACT OF LAND, on which Cumberland Courthouse stands—It contains about TWO HUNDRED and FIFTY ACRES, one half of which is yet uncultivated. Besides the advantage of being the Courthouse on this tract of Land, it is situated on one of the most public roads in Virginia; as a public stand there are none that can surpass it. The buildings, with some repairing, may be made sufficiently extensive and comfortable. Pass cash will be expected of the purchaser when possession is given; a reasonable credit will be allowed for the balance or if it should suit the purchaser better landed property will be received in part. Great Taylor and Blake B. Woodson, both of Cumberland county are authorised to sell the above tract of land. Or the same may be purchased of the subscriber in Buckingham county, near Allen's Mill. BEVERLY LANGHORNE. June 10th, 1806.
BY THE GOVERNOR OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, A PROCLAMATION. WHEREAS the Uniform established by the Executive for the Militia of this Commonwealth and declared by Proclamation bearing date the first day of March last, in pursuance of the eighth section of the act of the General Assembly, passed at the last session, "Further to amend the several acts concerning the Militia of this Commonwealth," hath, in some particulars, been considered inconvenient by the people generally, and repeated applications have been presented to the Executive in behalf of the Militia in various and numerous parts of the state, representing that very few, if any, of the Militia, have as yet, provided themselves with the uniform lately established, and praying certain alterations therein: I have therefore thought fit, with the advice of the Council of State to issue this Proclamation, hereby declaring that the uniform of the Militia of this Commonwealth shall be as follows, to wit: For the General Officers. A dark blue coat, skirts lined with buff, cape, lapels and cuffs buff, yellow buttons, gold epaulets (one on each shoulder) black cocked hat with black cockade, and black stock. For the Artillery. A blue coat, skirts lined with red, cape, lapels and cuffs red, vest buff, overalls blue, edged with red, black garters, yellow buttons, a cocked black hat with red cockade. For the Light Infantry. A dark blue short coat with half lapels, cape and cuffs white, white lining and buttons vest and overalls white, with black garters, black half boots, black stock, a round hat cocked on the left side, with black cockade. For the Grenadiers. A dark blue coat, cape, lapels and cuffs white, white lining and buttons, vest and overalls white, with black garters, black half boots, black stock, cocked hat with black cockade. For the Riflemen. A linen hunting shirt of purple color, with overalls of the same, leather moccasins or shoes, round hat cocked on the left side, with black cockade and black stock. For the main body of the Militia. A blue hunting shirt trimmed with red fringe white overalls and black garters, round hat cocked on the left side with black cockade and black and red plume, black garters or half boots. The officers' uniform to be a dark blue coat, cape, lapels and cuffs red, white lining and buttons, vest and pantaloons white, with black garters, black stock, cocked hat with black cockade. For the Cavalry. A short dark blue coat, with yellow buttons, white lining, half lapels, cuffs and cape red, white vest & leather breeches, jack boots, spurs, black stock and black leather cap dressed on the crown with bearskin and decorated with a light blue sash and red and white plume. The officers of the main body of the Militia, of the Light Infantry, Grenadiers, Riflemen and Cavalry, to be distinguished by epaulets of silver: the officers of the Artillery to be distinguished by epaulets of gold. The field officers to wear two epaulets, the captains one on the right and the subalterns one on the left shoulder. All officers to wear side arms and boots. Provided however, That where any troop of cavalry, company of artillery, grenadiers, light infantry, riflemen, or of the main body of the militia, shall have provided themselves with an uniform different from that herein prescribed, they are respectively permitted to wear the same for three years from and after the date hereof. Given under my hand as Governor, with the Seal of the Commonwealth annexed, L. S. at Richmond, this 14th day of June, 1805. (Signed) WM. H. CABELL.
NOTICE. THE price of TUCKER'S BLACK-STONE after the first of January, 1807, will be twenty two dollars and fifty cents. The subscribers to that work who have not yet taken their copies will not after that time be entitled to the subscription terms. Philadelphia, July, 1806. 1st Jan
THE SHAREHOLDERS IN THE UPPER APPOMATTOX COMPANY, will please take notice, that the fourth requisition became due the first day of this month, agreeable to an order of the trustees. The interest of the company requires the strictest punctuality; those who fail to make payment immediately, will be dealt with as the law directs. Thomas Pride, Receiver. July 8, 1806.
A MILLER WANTED. THE subscribers wish to employ a MILLER, to attend to a manufacturing mill. To one that can come well recommended, liberal wages will be given. S. W. Venable & Womack, Prince Edward, July 4, 1806.
BLANK BONDS For sale at this Office.
FOR SALE, AN ELEGANT Marble Chimney Piece, With HEARTH, &c. complete. Apply to the Publisher. July 7, 1806.
A. HEWES & CO. Have for sale, at their store, opposite the Market, Salt in sacks Jamaica and Antigua Rum New England Rum Port & Sherry Wine Old Cognac Brandy Leaf and Brown Sugar Molasses Coffee of superior quality Alexandria Crackers Rhode Island Cheese Imperial Tea Herrings and Shad Alexandria Beer mubba English Walnuts Brown Soap Nutmegs Pepper Allspice Mace Cloves Starch Fig Blue, &c. &c. A general assortment of CROCKERY and STONE WARE, and Rhode Island LIME. Richmond, July 4th, 1806.
15 DOLLARS REWARD. STRAYED or STOLEN on the 4th June last, a bright SOREL HORSE, about 5 feet high, judged to be 3 years old last spring, has a small star in his forehead, has on his back several saddle spots, has a small white spot on one side of his rump (not recollect- ed on which at present), has been nicked, well mounted before he also has had the spawn very bad, which shows very plain at this time, but does not affect him as to his moving—he was raised in the county of Albemarle. Any person that will deliver the above described horse to me in Warminster, shall receive the above reward of 15 dollars, or give me such information that I get him, shall receive a reward of ten dollars. PLEASANT CREWS. Warminster, July 9th, 1806.
TO BE RENTED, And possession on given the 15th of September, THE TENEMENT Now in the occupancy of Messrs. Sharpell and Lucke. For terms apply to William Mitchell. June 28, 1806.
IN COUNCIL, 29th March, 1806. IT is advised, that it be advertised in the public paper that PROPOSALS will be received by the Executive from any person willing to contract, to furnish the necessary Clothing for the Public Guard for the present year. Dan. L. Hylton, Clerk of the Council.
TO RENT, THE TENEMENTS opposite the Market now occupied by the subscriber. Possession may be had at a short period. For terms apply to Mr. JOHN SEABROOK, or to M. DABNEY. July 22, 1806.
FOR SALE, We have lately received, 12 bbls. sugar 15 boxes cotton & wool 30 bbls. do. cards do 3000 lbs. green coffee 4 tons cassias assort. 10 bbls. Antigua rum ed. viz. pots, oven, 5 do Windward Island skillets, spiders, and do irons, tea-kettles and 14 bbls N. E. rum waggons boxes 14 bbls do do 350 sacks salt 12 bbls. molasses 100 bbls cut herrings 8 casks Malaga wine 50 do whole do 20 tiers & bks. whisky 15 do head 4 pipes apple brandy 40 do Spanish indigo 15 bbls do do 15 bbls m. megs 12 crates Liverpool 100 pr men's fine shoes ware assorted 50 do coarse do 10 do stone do 500 lbs Glauber salts. We have also on hand, Iron Leaf sugar German, Crawley and Tanners' & Linseed oil Biscuit Steel Nova Scotia grind Race & ground ginger stones Pepper Ground plaster in bbls Allspice Good manufactured to FF & P powder bacco by the keg, for Shot, assorted sizes retailing French brandy Tar Rice Weeding hoes Cheese Nests woodware Wrought and cut nails Bed cords, leading lines assorted sizes and twine Snuff Necklace Glass ware, viz. 1.2 qt. Stone jugs, butter pots, tumblers and decant- chamber pots, wash ers, assorted sizes basins, bak. pans, Hats chums, &c. &c. We daily expect to receive, a quantity of Sherry Wine, Window Glass, Copress and Alum, all of which articles, we will sell at a small advance, for cash, approved paper or country produce. Sharpell & Lucke. Richmond, May 3, 1806.
FOR SALE, MY PLANTATION, SITUATED in the county of Powhatan, on the south side of the Buckingham road, about one mile and a half below the courthouse, containing 502 acres, three fifths of which are well timbered, and half the cleared land quite fresh—1002 dollars, to be paid down, & the balance in four annual instalments, to be secured by bond, and a deed of trust on the land, to carry interest from the date, although it will not be claimed until the last instalment, which, as well as the preceding ones, being punctually paid, the whole of the interest will be relinquished. The purchaser will be permitted to sow a crop of wheat. Possession will be given in December next, and the land shown by Mr. R. Haskins, living thereon, or the subscriber, residing at Fighting creek, two miles therefrom, to whom application must be made for the price of the and. William Berkeley. Powhatan, June, 1806. (w2m&1st2m)
THE celebrated high blooded English Horse, OSCAR, Full fifteen hands high, imported by me in 1804, after having been in the year before, in the reputation, is now in fine health, full of vigor and muscular strength, and will be let to races the ensuing season, at my stable in Charles City county, Sandy Point, at Six Guineas the season, which may be discharged by the payment of Five Guineas, on or before the tenth day of August next; Three Guineas the keep and Ten to insure a foal; a Dollar to the groom—Pastures as extensive as any in the state and inferior to none for fine natural grass, especially the white clover, which abounds in a wonderful degree in the months of April, May and June, as also after harvest, when succession of crab and other grass which is pleasantly taken place here will be afforded, with entertainment for servants, free from charge. No liability for involun- ary escapes nor will I be responsible for any injuries or accidents which may not be the result of wanton neglect or abuse. I here give my word to the public, that no pain nor artificial fall be wanting on my part, to render satisfaction without respect to persons, to every gentleman who thinks it to find mare for the season—This very extraordinary Italian colt me when landed in this state, greatly upwards of one thousand pounds, and without meaning to detract from the merits of any other. I can, lately venture to say, is the most perfect horse in Virginia; for the most critical observer has not yet been able to discover a single defect or blemish in him, either as to activity, strength, or beauty. Nothing can excel him in the neck, ear and eye: So bold, gay, and full of fire is he, that he fascinates in spite of prejudices, every beholder, that instant he is bro't into view. I would endeavour to give a full description of him, for the satisfaction of those gentlemen who cannot conveniently visit me, but in the attempt I might do him injustice, and therefore I invite the most scrupulous examination of him, even by those who think themselves competent judges in this respect, and I do not fear the result. In short, it will not be deemed extravagant to say, he is of his kind, the best of nature. OSCAR is a dark brown, was got by Saltram, he best horse in his day (who was the fire of Whitaker and many good races)—his dam by Highlander, grandson by Herod great grandson (Vif's Middleton) by Regulus great great grandson (Camilla) by a son of Bay Beldon. Bartlett's Children, Honeywood's Arabian, dam of the two True Blues. In 1798, at New Market, at 3 years old he won a Handicap (sweepstakes) of 15 guineas each, two year old course, beating lord Clermont's b c by Dramator, Mr. Howarth's b c Mouche, Mr. Adams's b c Cephalus, Mr. Watkin's Duplicity; two to one on Oscar. At Newmarket he was 2d best, 4 mile heat, against Heart of Oak and others, running 3 heats. In 1799 he won the Oatlands stakes of 50 guinea each, half ditch (in 10 subscribers) beating lord Grosvenor's ch f Lady Bull, Mr. Heathcote's b c Warner, Sir F. Standish's b c Stamford, Mr. Durand's Play or Pay, Mr. Cookson's b c Ambrose, lord Clermont's b c Amlador, lord C. Cavendish's b c Jupiter. The judges could only place the first five. 2d May, the same year, he won at Bracknell Hall 50l. for all ages, heats about one mile and a quarter, beating Sir Charles Bunbury's Combatant, 4 years old, Mr. Bowis's Sadler, 5 years old. In Oct he won the Oatlands stakes of 30 guinea each (18 subscribers) beating Mr. Tharp's b c Chippenham, Mr. Williamson's b c by Buzzard, out of Rachel, lord Clermont's Amlador, lord Grosvenor's ch f Lady Bull, Sir C. Bunbury's Wrangler, Sir F. Poole's b f by Dragon, Mr. Howarth's Spasmodic, Mr. Ladbrooke's Humbug. The judge could only place the first three. In 1800, at New Market, April 14th, he won the Craven stakes of 100 guinea, across the Flat, at 4 years old, carrying 8 st 9 lbs free for all ages, beating the duke of Grafton's b c First Fruit, lord Clermont's b c by Meteor, Mr. Cookson's b c Diamond, Mr. Cowen's b c Valtaire, Mr. O'Kelly's Grey Pilot, Mr. Durand's Ramshounder, late Princess, Mr. Dalhousie's Play or Pay & Sir F. Standish's b c by Sir Peter, out of Storage. The judge could only place the first five. Even betting, Oscar against the field. In the same month and place, he won a subscription plate of 50l. bearing Mr. R. Heathcote's ch f Georgiana, Mr. Hallett's Quiz, Mr. O'Kelly's Antim, lord Clermont's ch c Vernal, Mr. Golding's b c by Balloon, Mr. Travis's Bellarina, Mr. Ferris's Pizarra, and lord Grosvenor's ch c by Buzzard. The judge could only place the first three, 7 to 4 on Oscar. He was second best for the King's plate of 100 guinea for 4 years old, carrying 11 st, running against Sir F. Poole's Worthby, by Potso's, and Sir F. Standish's b h Stamford, 5 years old. In Oct. New Market, he received forfeit of Mr. Heathcote's Warner, for 500 guinea, across the Flat, half forfeit. For these remarkable instances of speed and bottom, in so young a horse, I refer the reader to the Racing Calendars for 1798, '99 and 2000. Sandy Point, Feb. 1806. WILLIAM W. HENING. N. B. The season will commence immediately.
LAND FOR SALE. ON the second Saturday in August next, will be exposed to sale, at public Auction at John Anderson's Tavern in the Town of New Canton. SIX LOTS OF LAND, Being parcels of a tract formerly held by Col. Samuel Jordan, which was lately divided by the subscriber, into several smaller tracts. Three of the lots are situated between James and Slate rivers; and the other three on the south side of Slate river, adjoining the lands of Mr. Robert Nicholas, and Mr. Stephen Gearant. The land is well timbered, and is favorable for the culture of tobacco and wheat; and no part of it is more distant than three miles from an excellent merchant mill; and the whole is convenient to good navigation. Plots of the land will be left with Mr. Walter Irvine, of New Canton, and the lines will be easily traced, as they are very generally known in the neighborhood. One fourth of the purchase money will be demanded on the delivery of the deed; the balance to be divided into two equal annual instalments, secured upon the property, by deed of trust. JOHN ADAMS. June 6, wids
THE copartnership under the firm of HENRY TOLSON, Jr. & Co. is this day dissolved by mutual consent. Henry Tolson, Jr. is alone authorised, and is hereby fully empowered to settle all matters relating to said firm. Henry Tolson, Jr. Thomas Hooper. Richmond, July 9th, 1806. w4t
Henry Tolson, Jr. wishes to take ten or twelve Gentlemen as BOARDERS—to whom no exertions on his part shall be wanting to give satisfaction.
A FEW COPIES of the American Clerk's Magazine, or, POCKET CONVEXANCER, Are just received at S Pleasants' Book-Store.
PROPOSALS, FOR PUBLISHING BY SUBSCRIPTION, REPORTS OF CASES ARGUED & DETERMINED IN THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA; WITH SELECT CASES, RELATING CHIEFLY TO POINTS OF PRACTICE SETTLED BY THE LATE HIGH COURT OF CHANCERY, & PRE- SENT SUPERIOR COURT OF CHAN- CERY FOR THE RICHMOND DISTRICT. By WILLIAM W. HENING, & WILLIAM MUNFORD.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. I. The decisions of each term of the Court of Appeals, shall be published as soon after the sitting of the Court, as may be consistent with a due regard to accuracy. II. The work shall be printed on an entirely new type and good paper, of the size and quality, of that used in Judge Tucker's edition of Blackstone's Commentaries, and delivered to subscribers in the form of a Pamphlet, at the rate of 12 1/2 cents for every sixteen pages. Each Pamphlet, it is supposed, upon an average, will contain about 64 pages. III. The pages of each succeeding Pamphlet will be numbered progressively, so as to admit of being bound up into a volume; and, as soon as the number of pages shall exceed 500, a Title Page, Index and table of the names of the cases will be given. IV. Subscribers, who wish it, may receive a volume, when completed, handsomely bound and lettered, and containing not less than 500 pages, at the price of four dollars.
TO THE PUBLIC. IMPRESSED with the importance and necessity of an early publication of the decisions of those Courts, whose opinions become the law of the land; being convinced that the speedy and general circulation of correct reports of those decisions, is not less requisite to a knowledge of the law than that of the acts of each session of the legislature; having often ourselves felt and observed the inconveniences arising from the want of information of this nature; and in consequence of our situation, being enabled diligently to attend the Court of Appeals and Superior Court of Chancery at this place, and to furnish reports of the most important of their proceedings with as little delay as possible; we have determined to undertake the work which we now offer to the patronage of the public. Indeed, we flatter ourselves that the utility of a work of this description, must be apparent to every judge and magistrate, as well as to every member of the bar. At present, the decisions of the Court of Appeals are unknown, except to the few who are immediately conversant with them, until several years have elapsed from the time when they were rendered. How often, therefore, have the inferior courts been compelled to listen to mere oral and inaccurate reports of cases said to have been determined by the Court of Appeals! How often have they decided points of law in direct opposition to decisions already settled by the Superior Courts, but of which no report had been published! Thus subjected the parties to the expense and delay of additional litigation, and to the injury arising from the reversal of a judgment or decree, all of which might otherwise have been avoided! The disadvantages, to which the practitioners of law in the country are subjected, in giving advice to their clients, without possessing an opportunity of knowing the decisions by which that advice ought to be governed, are truly great, and, no doubt, are universally felt and acknowledged. With respect to the rules of practice in Chancery, a knowledge of the method of proceeding in the Superior Courts of Chancery, is essentially necessary to the County and Corporation Courts; the law having expressly declared that those Courts shall in Chancery cases conform to the practice of the High Court of Chancery in like cases. Yet, for want of information on this subject, it is certain that very different modes of proceeding prevail in the several County and Corporation Courts. It appears therefore evident that the work contemplated, by which an attempt will be made to remedy the numerous inconveniences we have mentioned would, if well executed, be peculiarly conducive to the public good. In prosecuting this undertaking, we shall endeavour to avoid a tedious or prefix method of stating the cases and arguments of counsel. The duties of a judicious reporter we conceive to be, 1. To give a concise and accurate statement of the points in controversy, and the most important circumstances only in each case. 2. To mention briefly the substance of the arguments of the Counsel on both sides, with the authorities cited by them. and 3. To insert the opinions of the judges at full length. We shall exert ourselves to the utmost to fulfil those duties to the satisfaction of our readers, and trust that our joint labors will enable us to furnish the work with the requisite expedition and accuracy. William W. Hening. William Munford. Richmond, July 9th, 1806.
Subscription papers will be lodged at the several Book stores in public offices in the city of Richmond, and generally distributed through the different counties in this state.
Thomas Rutherford, & Co. Are desirous to sell A few Boxes 4 and 7-8 inch Linens. A few Crates of Queens' Ware. And a quantity of Liverpool Salt, loose and in sacks. Just received on consignment from Dublin and Liverpool. May 30, 1806. w12t
TO BE SOLD, for cash, at New Market, on Friday the 22d day of August next, by virtue of a deed of trust, to me executed, by Silvanus Bryant, Jr. for the purpose of discharging his debt due to James Murphy & Co. therein specified, one NEGRO WOMAN, named Chloe, and her two children, Sarah & Fanny; and one NEGRO BOY, named Ned; two head of Horses, and five head of Cattle. Also, will be sold, for cash, at the same time and place, as above, by virtue of a deed of trust, to me executed, by John Wright, for the purpose of discharging his debt, due to James Murphy & Co. therein specified, one NEGRO WOMAN, named Pat, and her four children, Isham, Dick, Garies and Edmund. John Higginbotham, Trustee. Amherst, July 16, 1806. 4w
SALE AT AUCTION. ON Wednesday the 6th day of August next, will be sold in Adams' Valley, the BRICK HOUSE and LOT, the property of Alexander Blackwood, containing 116 feet front, and 73 feet back. Terms of sale will be made known on that day. Prosser & Monsure, V. M. Richmond, July 23, 1806. 3c