The Virginia gazette (Williamsburg [Va.]), 1771-08-29 00:00:00

VIRGINIA GAZETTE.
With the freest ADVICES,
FOREIGN and DOMESTICK.
IN CIVITATE LIBERA LINGUAM MENTEMQUE
LIBERAS ESSE DEBERE. Suet. in Tib. S. 28.
Printed by ALEX. PURDIE, and JOHN DIXON, at the POST OFFICE.
A Review of the present State of the WAR between the RUSSIANS and TURKS.
THE War between the Russians and Turks has been the chief Object that has agitated the Continent of Europe during the Course of the Year past. The many Disasters that have attended the Armies of the contending Parties are known with Certainty only to those who are principally engaged in the Contest. We are happy to far removed from the Scenes of Action to be able to confirm the Truth, or detect the Falsehood, of those Reports that have been circulated by the Friends or Enemies of the belligerent Powers.
When it is considered that vast Treasures are necessary for the Maintenance of so many Armies as her Imperial Majesty of Russia has now on Foot in her Enemies Country, and how difficult it must be to transport warlike Stores, Ammunition, Provisions, and Carriages, to Armies so remote from each other, all Europe must stand astonished at the Greatness of an Empire that is equal to such Undertakings, and at the Vastness of those Resources that can support such a Profusion of Wealth as has been expended, and at the same Time supply such an incredible Loss of Men as have perished by the Sword, by Pestilence, and by Famine, since the Commencement of the present War.
The secret Motives by which her Imperial Majesty might be led to involve her Country in a Contest with the Ottoman Power, at a Time when she was endeavouring to establish the religious Liberties of a neighbouring Kingdom upon a firm and equitable Foundation, are not easily to be penetrated.
Those who pretend to see far into the Policy of Princes attribute her eagerness to engage in foreign Wars to her Solicitude for the Preservation of domestic Peace. The Revolutions of Empires are easily accomplished, when Men of active Spirits are at Leisure to form Combinations, and to carry their Projects into Execution. The several Revolutions that have happened in Russia, without disturbing the Tranquillity of the Empire, give Colour to this Conjecture.
But there are other Politicians, who, perhaps, with better Reason, ascribe the Origin of the present War to the Jealousy of the Turks, and to the Intrigues of the Enemies of Russia; who, envious of her growing Power, judged her Embarrassment with Poland a favourable Opportunity to check her Ambition, and put a sudden Stop to the Progress of her increasing Greatness.
The formidable Power of this Infant Empire, it must be owned, was never so conspicuous as in the Dispositions and Arrangements of the present War. Who can estimate the Immensity of a State that can send so many Armies against her Enemies, and at the same Time retain such a Strength at home as to secure her Frontiers against foreign Invasions! Her Imperial Majesty had, during the Campaign of 1770, an Army on the Wolga to protect her Dominions from the Utemis Tartars, who, acknowledging no Subjection to any Power, are ready to fall upon their Neighbours whenever an Opportunity offers to favour their Incursions. She had another upon the Don, to keep up a Communication with the Black Sea, and to watch the Motions of the Turks on that Quarter. A third Army was employed in the Siege of Bender, a Fortress made famous by the Retreat of Charles the twelfth of Sweden, after the Loss of the Battle of Pultowa, the Conquest of which has opened the Passage of the Neister, and secured a Retreat for her Troops in Case of a Defeat by the Turks. A fourth Army, the most formidable of all, crossed the Neister in 1769, and wintered in the Provinces of Moldavia and Wallachia, with a View to take the Field early in the Spring.
General Count Romanzow, who commanded in chief, after suffering innumerable Hardships from Sickness, Want of Provisions, Carriages, and military Stores, at length assembled his Troops; and, driving all before him, crossed the Pruth, dislodged the Enemy from Large, penetrated the Province of Wallachia, as far as the Borders of the Danube, and there, on the memorable first of August, gave Battle to the grand Turkish Army, consisting of one Hundred and fifty Thousand of their best Troops, commanded by the Vizier in Person, over whom he obtained a complete Victory.
A fifth Army is said to have been no less successful on the side of Circassian Tartary, between the Black and Caspian Seas. This Army, commanded by Count Totleben, having passed Mount Caucasus, entered Georgia, where, having met with little Opposition, the whole Country renounced their Dependence upon the Turks, and acknowledged her Imperial Majesty's Sovereignty, after having taken the accustomed Oaths to secure their Submission.
The Budziack Tartars, inhabiting the Banks of the Boristhenes, have likewise revolted, on the late Defeats of the Turks; and if we may rely on Accounts that have not been contradicted, the Russians are Masters of all that Tract of Country along the Black Sea, from the Dnieper to the Danube.
It is not to be imagined that all these Conquests can have been obtained without considerable Loss, but there is Reason to conclude that the Countries through which the Russian Armies have passed have been made to contribute largely towards their Subsistence. It was said of Charles the twelfth of Sweden, that when Fortune changed Sides at the Battle of Pultowa he was possessed of more than twenty Millions of Crowns, which he had raised in Contributions on the miserable Inhabitants of the Towns through which he had marched his Army. Perhaps an Example so flattering to the Views of great Commanders has not been suffered to pass, on the present Occasion, without being copied. The immense Booty that fell into the Hands of the Russians at the Battle of the Danube could only supply the Conquerors with a few Weeks Subsistence. When that was expended, the Country must be ransacked to furnish the Remainder.
Wallachia and Moldavia are fruitful Provinces, abounding with Corn, Cattle, and Fish; but the Ravages of War had almost depopulated the open Country, many of the Inhabitants of which fled upon the first Approach of the Enemy. It is the Custom of those Plunderers of Mankind, the Commanders of mighty Armies, to destroy when they depart what they cannot consume while they stay, and to starve those by whose Substance their Troops have been enabled to live. The Turks, who first entered Wallachia, left the Inhabitants destitute, left they should supply the Army of the Russians with Provisions. On the contrary, Count Romanzow found it his Interest to offer them Protection, and promised Rewards to those that had fled who should return and cultivate their Lands. The Inhabitants, who are mostly Greeks, relying upon his good Faith, to the Number of thirty Thousand, came back, and again took Possession of their Farms, by which the Russian Army has been saved from Famine, and the poor Farmers from Ruin.
The Cruelties that have been committed during this bloody depopulating War almost surpass Belief. In Poland, where the War began, whole Towns were put to the Sword in cold Blood, without the least Appearance of Opposition; but as this was done on a religious Account, those who suffered had the Consolation of dying Martyrs to the true Faith. It often, indeed, happened, that those who were the Murderers one Day were the Martyrs the next; and those too, like the former, consoled themselves, in the Agonies of Death, that they had been the Champions of the Lord. Happy it is for the Zealot, that, whether he is bent to destroy, or to him-
self devoted to Destruction, he is alike gratified in what he acts and what he suffers. If he kills, he kills for the Lord; if he dies, he dies in the Cause of God.
But how tragical soever the Scenes were that Poland exhibited they fell very far short of the Horrors that depopulated the Morea. On the first Appearance of the Russian Succours, the Greeks, who had long grieved under the tyrannical Yoke of the haughty Ottomans, assumed, for a Moment, the Appearance of the manly Bravery of their renowned Ancestors, and fell upon their Oppressors with all the Violence of vindictive Rage; but their first Attacks discovered the womanly Spirit by which they were inspired, they fell seriously on all the Turks they could master, and massacred, without Distinction, Men, Women, and Babes at the Breast. Their boasted Victories were the frantic Exploits of enraged Madness; and not the deliberate Enterprises of Men determined to die or shake off their Bondage; but while the Panic that had seized the Enemy prevailed, they seemed to carry all before them. Town after Town was either surprised or abandoned, and all who were so unhappy as to fall into their Hands were slaughtered without Mercy. The few Russians that accompanied them in their horrible Exploits were unable to restrain their Fury, or establish any regular Discipline amongst them. At length, Fortune, that had favoured their first Onset, changed Sides; an Army of thirty Thousand Turks, hastily drawn together from the neighbouring Isles, appeared on a sudden, and surprised the strong City of Patras, that had just fallen into the Hands of the Insurgents, and in which their main Body was assembled. In a Moment their Courage failed them; unable to make any Defence, they abandoned themselves to Despair, and whole Families slew one another, to avoid falling into the Hands of their incensed Conquerors.
Of all the Multitudes who had possessed the City, not one of the Insurgents were suffered to escape. The Carnage was dreadful; and as an Example of greater Terror, the City was set on Fire, and those who had secreted themselves from the Sword perished in the Flames.
The frighted Insurgents every Where took the Alarm, and fled to the Mountains with the greatest Precipitation, abandoning their Russian Allies to the Fate of War. Men accustomed to Discipline are seldom dispirited at a Reverse of Fortune. It is upon such Occasions that true Courage distinguishes the veteran Soldier from the raw undisciplined Insurgent. A Handful of Russian Infantry, supported by a contemptible Train of Artillery, but headed by an experienced Leader, maintained their Ground against the whole Army of new raised Turks.
Their Numbers being few at first, were lessened by the Victories they gained; till at length the few that remained sought their Way to Navarino, where they were received under Cover of their Fleet.
The Turks were now again in Possession of the Morea, except a few Ports that were occupied by the Russians, and they every Where retaliated upon the Greeks the Cruelties committed upon the true Mussulmen.
Things were in this Situation by Land when the Turkish Fleet passed the Dardanelles, and appeared in Sight before San Severino. A bloody Combat soon ensued, in which both Admirals, being closely engaged, their Ships blew up at one and the same Instant; the Russian Admiral Spiritow, with twenty four of his Crew, were providentially saved. The Engagement became general; the Turks were worsted, and fled to Port; where, in the Night, their Fleet, consisting of more than thirty Sail, twelve of which were capital Ships, from ninety six to eighty Guns each, were almost all burnt, by the skilful Disposition of some Fire-ships hastily fitted up, and properly directed for that Purpose.
Of their whole Number only one sixty four Gun Ship, and a few Gallies, escaped the Flames, and fell into the Hands of the Russians. The Crews took to their Boats, and most of them reached the Shore, where they immediately set out, and travelled by Land to Places of greater Safety, committing the most horrid Outrages upon the poor Greeks, wherever they fell in their Way.
By this fortunate Blow the Russians became Masters of the Archipelago. They have till lately been employed in distressing the Enemy's Trade, seizing the Provisions destined for Constantinople, and exacting Tribute from the Isles wherever they have Power to compel Obedience.
On the Approach of Winter, they have, as the last Letters inform us, found it necessary to quit the Archipelago, and take Shelter at Port Mahon; where they are supplied not only with Provisions and military Stores, but with every Convenience to careen and rest their Ships, with Hospitals for their Sick, and a Market for their Captures.
But the grand Project which the Empress is said to have in View is not yet ripe for Execution. This Project, the Foundation of which was laid by Peter the great, when he caused forty Ships of the Line to be built on the Black Sea, her present Imperial Majesty has still in Contemplation. It is by Means of this Junction of her Fleets and Armies at the Thracian Bosphorus that she proposes to accomplish the Conquest of Constantinople. The Project is great, but not impracticable.
We have already followed the Russian General Romanzow to the Borders of the Danube, at the Head of a victorious Army, flushed with Conquest; and have left them in Possession of two fruitful Provinces, with their Enemies flying every Where before him. The same Success that has attended him on his March through a waste Tract of Country, almost depopulated by Plague and Famine, may conduct him to the Walls of Constantinople in another Campaign, through a Country abounding with every Necessary that can be wished.
From the Banks of the Danube to Adrianople is scarce a March of one Hundred and fifty Miles, from Adrianople to Constantinople not more than one Hundred. Thus, at this very Hour, the Difficulties are seemingly less that are to come to those that have been already surmounted. We now see a victorious Army, that has traversed a Thousand Miles, reckoning from the Capital of Russia to the Banks of the Danube, within two Hundred and fifty Miles of their destined Enterprise, with every Town of Strength in their Rear in Possession; we see a triumphant Fleet within a few Days Sail of the threatened Port, without a Ship to oppose their Passage; and we behold the Turks every Where divested of their tributary Provinces, or deserted by them. Egypt, where told, has already revolted; Georgia, Moldavia, and Wallachia, are subdued; the Budziack Tartars have acknowledged the Sovereignty of her Imperial Majesty; and all Greece is ready to shake off the Turkish Yoke, whenever a favourable Opportunity offers to secure them Protection. What then is there to prevent the grand Project from being carried into Execution, but the Opposition of an already routed Army, that fights under the Panic of an ancient Prophecy, that their Empire shall be overthrown by a Power from the North.
LONDON, June 1.
THE following are the Particulars relative to the indecent Behaviour of the Person who struck his Royal Highness Prince Henry. The Prince of Wales, the Bishop of Osnaburg, the Princes William, Henry, &c. were at Play in one of the Apartments; and the Head of one of their Drums-being out, the young Gentlemen prevailed on the Attendant to get into the Drum Hoop, that they might draw her about. Prince Henry, who is full of Humour, contrived to throw her down; when she, in her foolish Resentment, flung him against the Wainscot. The King was told of it, who ordered her to go to St. James's, and remain there till Lady Charlotte Finch came to Town, as his Majesty did not choose to interfere in such Matters. On Lady Charlotte's Arrival she examined into Particulars; when another of the Attendants said, that the Person accused did not strike the Prince. The Prince of Wales being present, said, Pray Mrs. — do not affect any such Thing, you know she did strike my Brother; but you are both Scotch Women, and will say any Thing to protect each other. His Royal Highness's Answer occasioned much Diversion.
A Scheme is on Foot, and it is said that several Gentlemen have already subscribed to it, for forming an extensive experimental Farm. Every new Method of Cultivation that any Person proposes, which carries with it the least Probability of Success, is here to have a fair Trial, and the Event of every Experiment is to be annually published.
Part of a Letter from the Highlands of Scotland, dated May 24. The great Number of Men enlisted in this Country during the late War induced me to come here about five Months ago, certain, as I thought, of one Hundred at least; but the People in Scotland are become as knowing as in England. Though countenanced by the Gentlemen of the Country, I have only got two very young Lads. I have conversed with many of them, and find their Aversion to the Service to be caused by the Information of their Friends, who had been Soldiers last War. They say it is impossible to exist on the small Pay; that after a War they are dismissed at a great Distance from Home, and only seven or eight Shillings given them to carry them on their Journey. In Case of another War, Men will not be got, unless Something to the Purpose is done for the private Soldiers."
In the last War an ingenious Frenchman so far improved upon the Cork Jacket as to make a Cork Horse, on which he intended to set Fire to a Fleet of Ships at Portsmouth. He performed several extraordinary Feats upon it in the Basin at Dunkirk; from whence, in full Confidence of Success, he went to Sea. But God overthrew both Horse and Rider in the Sea; the former was found next Day on the Shore, the latter never more was heard of. The Horse is still to be seen at Dunkirk, but the French are both ashamed and unwilling to make a Show of it.
June 6. A Gentleman has sent us a faithful Translation of the Chancellor Maupeou's Speech to the Officers of the new Court of Justice in Paris, which he thinks may be an Entertainment to some of our Readers, as it may serve to show the Idea the King of France had of the Duty of the late Parliament, and of the Extent of their Jurisdiction; and likewise sets exact Bounds to the Duty of the present Courts of Justice established in their Room.
The Speech of the Chancellor MAUPEOU to the Presidents and other Judges of the new Courts, established in Lieu of the late Court of Parliament.
GENTLEMEN, His Majesty deposes in your Hands the most noble and the most essential Portion of his Power. Judges of his People, he trusts you with the Care of watching over the Maintenance of publick Order, and of keeping his Subjects under the Dominion of the Laws, in Order to secure to them that Liberty which exists only with the Laws, and only perishes with them. But this Authority which he imparts to you would annihilate itself if you should mistake the Source of it, and Justice would cease to be placed in your Hands if you were a Moment to forget that it was the Justice of the King, not your own.
Seated upon the first Tribunal of Justice, you will always render to the King, who placed you there, the most pure and faithful Homage; and to the People you will give an Example of that Submission you shall exact from them. You will not be, however, the blind and passive Instruments of an absolute Will; his Majesty would disdain a slavish Obedience, and would remove from him Magistrates who wanted Courage to tell him the Truth. He will reign only by the Laws, and he would disavow even the Laws themselves if they disappointed his Views, and proved to be hurtful to his People.
After having formed them in the Secrecy of his Wisdom, he will hearken to your Counsel. You will depose in his Breast your Uneasinesses and Fears, the Wishes and the Wants of his Subjects; but, more ambitious of doing good than of appearing to desire it, you will never give your Remonstrances a publick Divulgence, which they ought never to receive.
If higher Views, and the Necessity of the Empire, do not permit his Majesty to yield to your Supplications, you will remember that the Duty of advertising the supreme Authority is not the Right of opposing it; that if the Throne is not exempt from being surprised into a Mistake, the purest Zeal doth not guard you from Error, and that Parliaments have sometimes refused their Suffrage to Laws which have constituted the Happiness of the People.
In short, you will never forget that the Functions of your Office are a Debt from which you cannot free yourselves, and you will know to stop at the Point where Firmness ends and Obedience begins. Reason and the Laws place Bounds to your Resistance, but the Goodness of the King places none to your Petitions. You will always have a free Access to the Throne, whilst your Actions are dictated by Respect and Submission; and his Majesty will remember, like Henry the great, how to command like a Sovereign and relent like a Father.
These, Gentlemen, are to be your Sentiments, your Principles; and your Duties; they must be engraven on your Hearts, they always were in those of true Magistrates. Never have they been fulfilled but the publick Felicity hath been impaired, and their Perpetuity will be the Pledge of the Safety of the Throne and of the Prosperity of the State."
An Attendant belonging to a very great Lady has been lately dismissed in Disgrace; she is, however, to be allowed fifty Pounds a Year for Life.
When the first Report of Lady Ligonier's Infidelity was carried to the Queen's Palace, their Majesties were at Cards with the Dutchess of Ancestre. The King, who sincerely loves Lord Ligonier, was much affected with the News; on which her Majesty observed, that it was no Wonder such Things happened, when the greatest Encouragement was given to Places which were only calculated to increase female Licentiousness (alluding to a certain Place of polite Entertainment). Her Majesty then turned to the Dutchess of Ancestre, and said, "and there is the Coterie too, another pretty Place." The Dutchess then attempted to defend the last mentioned Society, but was stopped short by her Majesty, who said, "it is a very silly Institution (to say the best of it) my Lady Dutchess, and I desire to hear no more of it."
The Reason of expelling a certain celebrated Parson from Bignell's Club is particularly specified, in the Club Book, in the following Manner: "Because we think the Man who could coolly deliver these Sentiments, under his own Hand (It is true I have suffered the infectious Hand of a Bishop to be waved over me, whose Impiety, like the Sop given to Judas, is only a Signal for the Devil to enter; but I have escaped the Contagion) is every Way unworthy the Society of those who profess the Doctrines of Christianity."
A Letter from Ternate, one of the Dutch Spice Islands in Asia, dated August 23d, 1770, mentions that since the Middle of July preceding that Island has fallen into a most deplorable State, by the Ravages occasioned by a Volcano, which was succeeded by an almost perpetual Earthquake, the Shocks of which followed each other so quick that in twenty four Hours sixty considerable Shocks were felt, whereby not one Houle belonging to the Dutch Factory, or the Inhabitants, escaped great Damage, and even the Church. All the Inhabitants, without Exception, are obliged to quit their Houses, and lodge under Cabins or Tents. The Governor is gone on Board the Ship Nord Nieuwland, which was detained here on Purpose. The last Explosion of the Volcano, which was a few Days before the above Date, is inexpressible, on Account of the Quantity of Cinders, burning Stone, and inflammatory Matter, thrown out. Since that Time, the Shocks of the Earth are diminished to four or five in a Day.
The Reports concerning the State of the Garrisons at Gibraltar and in Minorca having been made in Terms by no Means to be reconciled, it has been thought advisable to send a great Personage, who, having applied himself with uncommon Assiduity to study the military Sciences, is esteemed the ablest General in Great Britain.
An Express is arrived from the Princess of Brunswick, to signify that her Royal Highness will not be able to visit England this Summer, as she is far advanced in her Pregnancy.

Nov. 2. The following Conversation passed a few Evenings ago at a great House in the Park. Their Majesties were at Piquet, and the Prince of Wales and the Bishop of Osnaburgh in the Room. His Majesty happened to have three Kings in his Hand, which he was going to reckon, when the Queen declared she had four Kings, which won the Game. The Prince of Wales, notwithstanding the Game, said he thought it was very hard that four Kings should beat three Kings; the Bishop made Answer, that it was no Wonder, as Knaves had so much Power. The Prince of Wales said, if that was the Case, he would not play at Piquet, but would learn a much prettier Game, which was to beat Knaves out of Doors.
POLLY's Complaint.
AS Polly Gray, the other Night, Stood mournful at her Stand, She thus address'd her Sister Nymphs, Who fly along the Strand: "The Devil take the Times, for now "I scarce have any Trade; "Those Whores of Quality, I vow, "R'n off with all our Bread."
BOSTON, August 1.
SINCE our last arrived here, from the Southward, the Rose and Beaver Men of War. The Mermaid arrived at Halifax in four Days from this Place. The Bonetta is expected here from thence. The Senegal Sloop of War, and Hope Schooner, failed yesterday.
We learn from Quebec that several Attempts have lately been made, by some evil-minded Persons, to set Fire to that City; particularly in the Night between the 6th and 7th of June last in the Lower Town, and on the Night following in the Upper Town, which had well nigh succeeded. A Reward of three Hundred Dollars is offered for the Discovery and Conviction of the Offenders.
The Reports we had this Week from New York of the Dispute between two Governors, we are informed, by a Gentleman who was at the Entertainment, is groundless.
August 5. We learn from the Island of Hispaniola that a malignant Fever had broke out among the Inhabitants of that Island, whereof great Numbers died every Day.
NORTH HAVEN, Connecticut, July 29. Yesterday, about Half an Hour after one o'Clock, there arose out of the south west a very thick and heavy Cloud, from which terrible Flashes of Lightning, with heavy Thunder, issued with unusual Frequency; especially about forty Minutes after one there were three terrible Streams of Lightning, with heavy Thunder, almost one upon the Back of the other. The last, which was by far the most awful, was a Stream from the north west to the south east, which passed the Vane of the Meeting House (perhaps at about twenty or thirty Feet Distance, yet so near as to drive it round the Spindle several Times with great Velocity) and pitched in a Tree a few Feet from the Ground, at about twenty four Rods Distance. Just by this Tree stood a Sabbath Day House, the nearest Corner of which was not more than five Feet from the Tree. This House belonged to Captain Joseph Pierpont, whose Family, with a Number of their Brethren and their Children, were present. Five Persons, who all sat upon one Bench in the House, namely, Mrs. Lydia, the Wife of Captain Pierpont, Mr. Asel Brocket and his Wife, Mr. Giles Pierpont and his Wife, were all struck with the Lightning. Mr. Brocket had several small Holes burnt in his Shirt, about his Loins, and was considerably burnt himself, though less hurt than any of the others. Mr. Pierpont was struck on one Side, the Lightning ran down upon the under Side of his Thigh and Leg, singed off the Hair, and burnt the Flesh so that it appeared as red as though it had been seared.
NEW YORK, August 12.
To his Excellency WILLIAM TRYON, Esquire, Captain General and Governor in Chief in and over the Province of NEW YORK, and the Territories depending thereon in AMERICA, Chancellor and Vice Admiral of the same.
The humble ADDRESS of the JUDGES, the ATTORNEY GENERAL, PRACTICERS of the LAW, and other Officers of the Supreme Court of Judicature for the Province of NEW YORK.
HIS Majesty having been pleased to discontinue the generous Administration of your noble Predecessor, by calling him to his Service in a distant Colony, permit us, Sir, to congratulate you on your Appointment to a Government characterized for its Loyalty to our most gracious Sovereign and his illustrious House.
The Magistrate who hazards his Life in Support of the Laws, and prefers the Calls of Duty to the Invitations of Ease, must obtain the Applause of his Royal Master, and command the Affection of every Friend to the Constitution.
Influenced by this Sentiment, we shall endeavour, in consulting the Happinefs of our Governor, to testify our Gratitude to his Majesty for committing the Colony to the Care of a Gentleman no less capable of advancing its Welfare by Wisdom in Council than of maintaining its Security by Bravery in the Field.
While the same Principles which have hitherto directed continue to actuate your Conduct, and the Government shall derive Dignity and Importance from the Character of its Ruler, your Administration cannot fail to be happy; for so long as the Laws are preserved from Violation, Virtue patronized, and Learning encouraged, the Felicity of the Province will be daily augmented, and you will not only possess a Right to the Obedience, but to the Esteem and Affection, of all its Inhabitants.
Publick Justice being of too great Moment to Society to require any Entreaties for the Protection of those who are concerned in its Distribution, we are confident that the Law will not be denied your Countenance and Support. Your Excellency may depend on our constant Endeavours to render your Residence as agreeable to yourself and Family as we have Reason to believe your Administration will be beneficial to the Colony.
His Excellency's ANSWER.
GENTLEMEN,
Thank you for your Congratulation on my Appointment to this Government. It is with much Diffidence I emulate the approved Administration of your late noble Governor; yet, encouraged as I have been by the generous Testimonies and Assurances of the several respectable Societies within this Province, I enter with better Confidence on the arduous Duties of my Station.
In civil Society, it is the Duty of every Individual, more especially of those who enter the Lists of publick Trust, to devote themselves to the Service of their Sovereign and their Country. Influenced by these Reflections, I declined for a While the most pleasing Invitations, and entered upon an important Duty, leaving the Issue to the Disposer of all Events.
The Distribution of publick Justice is of too much Moment to the Community for me not to be interested in its Support. Without a steady and due Execution of the Laws the wise Deliberations of the Legislature would be vain, as has been lately unhappily experienced in a southern Colony. The wholesome Regulations of the legislative Body lay the Foundation and raise the Superstructure of publick Security, but it is by distributive Justice in the Courts of Judicature that the Fabrick is preserved in all its Strength and Beauty.
You may be assured that your uniform Endeavours to make my Residence in this Government agreeable will be always very grateful to me, as your Support will be an Incitement to my Labours to render my Administration acceptable to my Royal Master, and beneficial to a People distinguished for their Loyalty. WILLIAM TRYON.
On Tuesday last Mr. Jacobus Roosevelt, of this City, being in Health, and no otherwise heated than by the Weather, which was extremely hot, drank pretty freely of cold Water from the Well in his Sugar House Yard. He was presently seized with a Pain in the Stomach, and aching in the Bones, which obliged him to go to Bed. Physicians were sent for and proper Medicines administered, but his Illness continued till next Day eleven o'Clock, when he grew better, and the Doctors had Hopes of his Recovery; but about twelve o'Clock he was seized with violent Pains as before, and in a very short Time expired, soon after which his Flesh turned yellow, as in a Jaundice. He was a Bachelor, bore an excellent Character, was universally beloved and esteemed, and is generally lamented by all his Acquaintances.
We hear from Albany that Sir William Johnson is now holding a Congress at his Seat at Johnson Hall with the Chiefs of the Six Nations, in Consequence of some important Intelligence he has received from the Southward.
PHILADELPHIA, August 8.
THE Report of a Party of Men being cut off, who were despatched from Northampton County with Provisions for our People in the Blockhouse at Wyoming, who are besieged by the Connecticut Party, appears, by the following Extract of a Letter (which came to Town last Tuesday Morning by Express) from the Person who commanded the Convoy, to be entirely without Foundation.
"Last Tuesday, about Break of Day, I arrived at this Place, with thirty one Men, and the Provisions; and was attacked by the Connecticut Party, who had Information of our coming, by a Letter falling into their Hands, with which an Indian was sent by Captain Ogden. "We were surrounded by their Fire, and lost two Horse Loads of our "Flower; but got in with the Remainder, and twenty two Men, two "of whom are wounded. Nine of our Men are missing; whether they "retreated, or are killed, I cannot as yet get Information. They have "kept an almost continual Fire on the Blockhouse ever since, from four "Intrenchments, but we are determined to hold out to the last Extremity. "I am, Sir, your humble Servant, JOHN DICK."
WYOMING, August 1, 1771.
We hear, with Certainty, that the nine Men who were missing retreated, and are returned to the Inhabitants.
Messieurs HALL and SELLERS, GENTLEMEN of Distinction, from a southern Colony, happened to dine in a large Company a few Days ago, and hearing some Persons complain of the intense Heat of the Sun asked why the Gentlemen in this City did not fall upon Methods of rendering it more tolerable, and in particular why they did not use Umbrellas to shade themselves. One of the Company expressed his Surprise at this Speech, and said that in his Part he thought them very ridiculous, that a good large Hat would answer equally well, and that they looked very effeminate. To this the Gentleman very pertinently replied, "all our Notions of Propriety and Impropropriety are formed by Custom. Should an East Indian appear in our Streets we should gaze with a Mixture of Surprise and Ridicule at his Turban and flowing Robes, while at the same Time we can hardly believe that an Englishman would be much more ridiculous in any Part of India in the modern European Dress. In like Manner, should our Ancestors rise from their Graves few of us would know them; or if we did, provided our blind Partiality for the modern Dress continued, few of us would own that we were descended from them. As to the Umbrellas you exclaim against, however ridiculous they may appear to you, Sir, or to any Gentleman in Company, they are looked upon as a graceful Part of Dress in many Countries, and are often earned upon this Account in those Seasons of the Year when they are in some Measure unnecessary. In India, and in most Parts of Asia, a Man would as soon go out of his House without a Shirt as without an Umbrella. In Italy, France, and Spain, they are in every Body's Hands. In the West India Islands, and in most of the southern Colonies, they are so common that none who can afford them ever go out without them. But (continued the Gentleman) I am far from recommending them as Appendages to Dress, or because they are ornamental. Their great Usefulness alone would overbalance all that could be said against their Propriety, even supposing we had lost that Part of the Argument. They are wide and light, and afford a large Shelter from the Sun. They likewise afford a Shelter from those Summer Showers which are so frequent in these Climates, and are much to be preferred to great Coats and Rockeloes, which do us more Harm by the Heat they occasion than the Rain would have done. Their Colour, moreover (being generally green) is very friendly to the Eyes. Physicians tell us that a long Train of Diseases follow from what they call Infolation, or long Exposure to the Heat of the Sun; such as Vertigoes, Epilepsy, fore Eyes, Fevers, &c. These are all obviated by the Use of the Umbrella. But you say, Sir, that Hats will answer all these Purposes. No such Thing. Custom and Frugality have conspired to die these black, the worst Colour in the World in hot Weather. Besides, they are heavy, and too small (let their Brims be ever so broad) to afford a complete Shelter from the Rays of the Sun. You say farther, that they look effeminate; the Ladies use them only. The Ladies wear Shoes; let the Men therefore go barefooted. The Ladies defend themselves by various Means from Cold, Rain, Thunder, Fire, &c. Let the Men then abandon themselves to the Rage of each of these terrible Evils, and scorn to look effeminate by guarding against them. Absurd Reasoning! Are not the Men exposed more to the Sun than the Women? Does not their Business call them from home at all Hours of the Day? Are not their Lives of equal (I shall not say of greater) Importance to their Families, and to Society, with the Womens? If all these Things are true, then I see no Reason why the Gentlemen should not wear Umbrellas as well as the Ladies." The Gentleman silenced his Opponent with this Speech. The whole Company assented to what he said. Our kind Host, with as much Wit as good Humour, cried out, "Well said Mr. —; my Wine is good; fill your Glasses; my Friend is inspired; and Claret has this Day done the Business."
NEWBERN, July 27.
WE are advised from Dobbs County that since the Return of the military Gentlemen of that County from the Expedition very spirited Measures have been pursued with a Number of Gentry who have been discovered to have held regulating Principles, and were ready to have joined the Regulators had they succeeded against the Provincial Forces. About ten of these People have been apprehended, tried by a Court Martial, and severely flogged at the Halberts; and, what is very amazing, a Person of that County, of considerable Property, has thought proper to decamp rather than undergo the Discipline of the Halbert, which he must have submitted to, for being very deeply tinged with regulating Notions.
That the Idle, the Dissolute, and Abandoned, who have Nothing to lose, should join in opposing Government, excites no Wonder, because, in the general Confusion, they have a Chance to mend their Fortunes; but the Man of real Property who risks his Life and Fortune on so precarious a Tenure must be a Fool or a Madman, or actuated by some malignant Principle of Revenge or Ambition, that degrades human Nature, and places him below the Brute Creation, the Fecocity of whose Nature prompts them to devour their own Species.
Such Principles as these, we imagine, must have entirely taken Possession of the Breast of a Person who lately wrote a Letter from this Country to Boston, and published in Edes and Gill's Paper, charging the Printers of this Province to be so much under the Influence of Government as not to publish a true Account of the late Battle with the Regulators, and his Excellency Governor TRYON with being a Murderer, a Horsestealer, an avaricious Plunderer; Words he certainly knew not the Meaning of, or they must immediately have convicted him of a Lie, as the contrary Character of his Excellency must stand engraved in indelible Characters on the Breast of every Inhabitant of NORTH CAROLINA.
On Saturday Evening it was mentioned in a Company of Gentlemen, at the King's Arms Tavern, that the Massachusetts weekly, political, and commercial Paper called the S P Y, of the 27th of June, was then just received by a Person in Town, containing sundry Particulars relative to the Measures pursued by Government against that Faction of People who, long before, under the Title of Regulators, had infolently insulted the Dignity of his Majesty's Courts, daringly torn down Justice from her Tribunal, openly set at Defiance the Laws of their Country, and, with Circumstances the most brutal, broke through and violated every sacred Tie of human Society. The Paper being sent for, and read, it was the unanimous Opinion of every One present that they were compelled, in Point of Justice to his Excellency Governor Tryon, to themselves, and to the Publick, to have a Meeting of the Inhabitants on the Monday following, to collect their Sentiments respecting the Contents of the said Paper. A Meeting was accordingly had, and the Honourable SAMUEL CORNELL, Esquire, being elected Chairman, the Paper called the Massachusetts Spy, Number 17, was again read, when the Inhabitants came to the following Resolutions.
Resolved, That it is the Opinion of the Members of this Meeting that the Character of his Excellency Governor Tryon, by the Integrity and Propriety of his Conduct, both in publick and private Life, is so well established that it can receive but little Support from any Resolutions entered into between us; yet we hope to be pardoned when we say we cannot see the baneful Epithets of Tyrant, Traitor, and Villain, with the complicated Charges of Avarice, Ambition, Injustice, Perjury, Perfidy, and Murder, applied to a Gentleman of so amiable and exalted a Character, without resolving that the same is most wantonly cruel, and unjust; unless it be thought Tyranny to be courteous, humane, and benevolent, on all Occasions; Treason, to make the Law a Rule of his Conduct; Villainy, to be generous and just in all his Dealings; Avarice, to expend many Thousand Pounds of private Property, with every Emolument of Office, in executing the Trust reposed in him; Ambition, to be affable to the Great, and condescending to the lower Part of Mankind; Injustice, to do as we would wish to be done by; Perjury, strictly to adhere to every sacred Injunction; Perfidy, to be faithful and scrupu-
lously punctual in the Obeyance of every Engagement; Murder, to permit the Execution of the Sentence of the Law; which if it be, thy Censure is just, otherwise, Leonidas, thou art a Liar, and the basest of Calumniators.
Resolved, That we think it a Duty which we owe to ourselves, and the Publick, to assert that we ever considered the Presses of North Carolina as entirely free, and as being open to all Parties but influenced by none; neither awed by the Menaces of the Mighty, nor restrained by the Murmurings of the Multitude.
Resolved, That the Suggestion of the contrary, contained in the said Massachusetts Spy, we consider as a high Insult and Indignity offered to that Spirit of constitutional Freedom and Independence which the Inhabitants of North Carolina have ever discovered.
Resolved, That the Blessings derived to the British Nation from the Liberty of the Press arises, as we apprehend, from the Privilege of a discreet and unreserved Discovery or Communication of real Facts and Opinions, whereby the Publick may be benefited, or an Individual made the wiser, better, or happier, and sin not being the infamous Vehicle of private Scandal or publick Abuse.
Resolved, That the Paragraphs in the said Massachusetts Spy which have Reference to the Measures of Government taken by Governor Tryon against the Regulators are replete with the basest Misrepresentations, the most palpable Falshoods, abusive Epithets, and scandalous Inuendoes; and that therefore it is a shameful Perversion of the Liberty of the Press, and that the Authors and Publishers thereof deserve to be publickly stigmatized, and loaded with the heaviest Contempt and Reproach.
Resolved, That the Chairman be requested to direct the Sheriff of the County to give Orders that the Paper called the Massachusetts Spy, Number 17, be publickly burnt under the Gallows, by the common Hangman, on Wednesday next, as an open Testimony of the utter Abhorrence and Detestation in which that infamous Production, and its still more infamous Authors, are held by the People of this Government.
Resolved, That a Copy of the foregoing Resolves be sent to James Davis and Adam Boyd, Esquires, to be published in their next Gazettes, as a Proof to the Massachusetts Spy of the Freedom of the Press in North Carolina.
To the PRINTER of the Massachusetts Spy.
SIR,
WE observe you have, in your Spy Number 17, inserted a Piece subscribed Leonidas, replete with abusive Epithets, scandalous Inuendoes, and daring Falshoods, against our late excellent Governor, whose numberless Virtues, and amiable Qualities, justly endear him to all the good People of this Province.
It certainly is difficult to conceive to what a Degree of Iniquity a Man may arrive, who, like Leonidas, has the Effrontery to set Truth and Decency at Defiance; and you, Mr. Printer, in undertaking to be the Publisher of such vile Calumnies, fall little short of him in Point of Guilt.
Be it known to him, and you, Sir, that the beloved Memory of Governor TRYON is, and will continue to be, deeply impressed on our grateful Hearts, and we trust will be transmitted by us to our latest Posterity; while the stigmatized Name of Leonidas, and yours, Mr. Printer, will be consigned to that Infamy justly attendant on such egregious Calumniators.
Whether we consider his Excellency Governor TRYON in a publick or private Capacity, several Years Experience of his Conduct, a grateful Remembrance of his many Services to this Province, and an incumbent Regard to Truth, oblige us publickly to declare that the strictest Justice, Probity, Honour, Humanity, Munificence, and Affability, are his distinguishing Characteristics.
With Respect to the six Queries of Leonidas, we admit the first, namely, his late Majesty's gracious Intentions towards this Province; but as to the Facts which Leonidas basely suggests in the other Queries, as they are asserted without Proofs, so they are sufficiently answered by denying them, except that Paragraph relative to whipping a Man whom he calls an able and generous Planter. The Person he alludes to was deservedly punished by the Sentence of a Court Martial, called by his Colonel, for his Crimes and Misbehaviour while in the Ranks, and under the immediate Command of his Militia Officers, in Virtue of a necessary Law of this Province, entitled the Militia Act.
We cannot, however, pass over the fifth Query, without taking some particular Notice of it; for he therein says the Governor ordered a Discharge of his Artillery on the People while under the sacred Bond of a Treaty, the contrary of which is well known, not only to the Forces there under his Excellency's Command, but to the Rebels themselves, and never was suggested by any One of them to have been otherwise.
His Excellency tried every Expedient that human Prudence could suggest to prevail on the Miscreants to lay down their Arms, take the Oath to Government, and surrender up to publick Justice their outlawed Chiefs, promising them upon such easy Terms his Majesty's most gracious Pardon for all their past numerous Transgressions, but they rejected his Offers with Contempt and abusive Language; nay some of the audacious Wretches cried out to his Troops, "fire and be damned," and others exclaimed, "here's Death in one Hand, and no Mercy in the other! Battle! Battle!" He then directed the Sheriff to order them to disperse, agreeable to the Riot Act; which the Sheriff did, but to no Purpose. Yet still he forbore attacking them, till the Hour allowed in such Cases by the said Act was expired; and even then he sent an express Messenger to inform them that the Hour was elapsed, requiring them once more to lay down their Arms, and submit to Government, declaring that in Case of their Refusal he would, without farther Delay, fire upon them. But they spurned at his Threats, and contemned his Admonitions, still crying out Battle! Battle! In such Situation, what could or ought his Excellency to do but perform his Duty (which he most gallantly did) as a brave and experienced Officer, by reducing to Reason and proper Submission a Parcel of abandoned Profligates, who seemed to set all Laws, divine and human, at Defiance, and were overrunning the Country with every Species of Rapine and Violence. Yet these are the Men for whom Leonidas, Mucius Scævola, and their Partizans, are Advocates; and dare, in their Behalf, to attack and traduce one of the brightest Characters on this Continent.
There are Laws, says Mucius Scævola, sufficient to quell the most outrageous Riots; the Law, and not the Sword, should restrain them.
Were the Laws sufficient to quell the Rebellion in Scotland, in the memorable Year forty five? We all know the military Force found some Difficulty in performing that important Service. But, says Scævola, the Attorney General should keep a watchful Eye on the People. Grand Juries indict, Courts issue Warrants, and other Officers are to execute them, &c. True, Sir; but the People in Question set at nought Courts of Justice, despised Indictments, opposed all legal Process, and the Authority of Sheriffs and other Officers.
The Poffe Comitatus, cries Scævola, is more than sufficient to bring them to Justice. Ridiculous! absurd! The Men who should form the Poffe Comitatus were themselves in Rebellion. What then could be done, but what was and ought to be done?
However, notwithstanding their accumulated Crimes, our good Governor still remembered Mercy (though, all Circumstances considered, few Mortals less deserved it) extending it so far as to order their Wounds to be dressed. Of twelve, who were capitally convicted by their Country, six only were executed.
Mr. Printer, unless your Heart is too callous to feel either Shame or Remorse, the Sight of these Lines must shock your guilty Soul, and force you to curse the Day you unhappily undertook to make your Paper the infamous Vehicle of such detestable Slander.
You, Leonidas and Scævola, should publickly ask Pardon of God and the World, and of his Excellency Governor Tryon in particular, for your enormous Crime, and endeavour, by an unfeigned Repentance, to pacify divine Vengeance, lest the Almighty, in his Wrath, should pronounce the same Fate to you as he did to the perverse Israelites, Amen die vobis, moriemini in peccatis vestris; though it is said you, Leonidas (Gallio like) care not for those Things.
The last SPEECH, CONFESSION, and dying Words, of ISAIAH THOMAS, Printer of the Massachusetts Spy, Number 17, in Boston, and his two Copartners in Iniquity, LEONIDAS, and MUCIUS SCÆVOLA, who were executed at NEWBERN on Wednesday the 31st of July 1771.
THE Criminals having been drawn to the Place of Execution, appeared with dejected, ghastly Countenances, and so confounded with Guilt, and the Terrors of an approaching ignominious Death, that they had not the least Power of Speech; wherefore, the Sheriff, in their Names, pronounced the following Declaration:
"GOOD PEOPLE! "We are now become, through our Crimes, wretched Spectacles to "Heaven and Earth, just Objects of divine and human Vengeance, "whose Indignation we must speedily experience. We acknowledge our "Guilt; and that, not having the Fear of GOD before our Eyes, but "being moved and seduced by the Inflation of the Devil, who is pro- "perly the Father of Lies, we did, daringly, maliciously, wantonly, and "wickedly, utter, print, and publish, the most audacious Lies, bitter "Inuendoes, and scurrilous Epithets, against a distinguished Gentleman "of the most exalted Character. We have calumniated the Innocent, "we have traduced the upright of Heart, utterly regardless of this Sen- "tence of holy Writ, Wo to him by whom Scandal cometh!"

The above Speech being finished, the Criminals (still mute) were turned off, and, after hanging a few Minutes, cut down and cast into a Fire prepared for that Purpose, amidst the Cheers and Acclamations of a large Concourse of reputable Inhabitants, who made the Air resound with LONG LIVE GOVERNOUR TRYON, PROSPERITY to the CITY and Province of NEW YORK, &c.
In the Afternoon the Gentlemen met at the King's Arms Tavern, where they spent the Evening in social Fellowship, drinking several Royal Toasts, nor did they forget their Excellencies Governor TRYON and MARTIN.
The following Epitaph, wrote in large Characters, was tendered to the Criminals, for their Perusal, just before their Execution; but they, continuing silent, would not read a single Word of it, wherefore, as a father Punishment on their contemptuous Taciturnity, it was affixed, before their Faces, to the Gallows.
E P I T A P H.
Beneath this Gallows three Traitors lie, Who for their Crimes were justly doom'd to die; Leonidas, with Mucius of ill Fame, And we the third Isaiah Thomas name. Sworn Foes to Honour, Virtue, Truth; they fell, And where they now reside we cannot tell.
We have the best Authority to inform the Publick that upwards of seven Thousand of the Regulators have come in upon his Excellency Governor Tryon's Proclamation, taken the Oaths of Allegiance, and peaceably submitted themselves to Government, and with grateful Hearts acknowledge the Goodness and Mercy of his Excellency, by whose vigorous and spirited Pursuit of the Measures of Government they have been retrieved from inevitable Destruction to themselves and Families, and rescued from the Hands of a few designing Men, who had Nothing more in View than the total Subversion of this Government.
When this is a Fact so notoriously known, is it not inconceivable that Men should still be found who are hardy enough to abet the Measures of a Set of Villains who were in actual Rebellion against one of the mildest Administrations in America, had torn down from their Seats the Judges of his Majesty's Courts of Law in this Province, severely whipped the Lawyers, Clerks, and other Crown Officers, and were in actual March for this Town with avowed Intentions of destroying an Edifice that does so much Honour to the Province, and is an Ornament to North America. The Hearts of such Men must be callous to every Principle of Honour, Justice, or Humanity.
WILLIAMSBURG, August 29, 1771.
YESTERDAY Morning died at Westover, in an advanced Age, Mrs. MARIA BYRD, Mother of the Honourable William Byrd, Esquire. She was a Lady endowed with many rare Accomplishments, and of a most amiable and benevolent Disposition.
Advertisements.
Just IMPORTED, in the Virginia, Captain Robertson, and to be SOLD at the Subscriber's Store, next the Capitol, on the most reasonable Terms, for ready Money,
SUPERFINE Broadcloths, Bath Coating, Frieze, Welch Cotton and Plains, a great Variety of striped and flowered Satins, Ditto Lustrings, Padualoy, China Tafetas, Thread Satin, Satin and Persian quilted Coats, Marcellus Quilting, Silk Damaskus, Cambricks, striped and plain Muslin, Muslin Handkerchiefs with striped Borders, Irish, Princess, and Russia Linen, printed Calicoes and Cottons, Mens Silk, Cotton, and Thread Hose, Silk and Worsted Patterns for Breeches, Mens Cloaks, fine Hair Shag, fine Hyson and Bohea Tea, single and double refined Sugar, Mens fashionable Hats, Womens Cane Ditto, Shoes and Boots, Womens Satin, Morocco, white Kid, and Calimanco Shoes, Silver and gilt Shoe, Knee, and Stock Buckles, India Umbrellas, Snuff-Boxes, Weston's, Scotch, and Rappée Snuff, fine Shag Tobacco, Velvet and Leather Caps, Portmanteau Trunks, Spices of all Sorts, with a great Variety of other Articles. BEVERLEY DICKSON.
YORK Town, August 29, 1771.
IMPORTED in the Virginia, Captain Robertson, a choice Assortment of COARSE IRISH LINENS, CALICOES, GERMAN OSNABRUGS, HEMPEN ROLLS, COARSE WOOLLENS and HOSE for NEGROES, also a Quantity of LOAF SUGAR and PEPPER; which the Subscriber will sell by the Package, or Quantity, at a reasonable Advance, for CASH.  WILLIAM REYNOLDS.
MANCHESTER, August 12, 1771.
WHEREAS the Subscriber has lost or mislaid SEVEN of the Honourable William Byrd's LOTTERY TICKETS, belonging to Mr. Alexander McCaul, to which were drawn seven Hundred Acres of Land, namely,
  No. 2365 a Prize of 100 Acres, 743   6770 — — — 746   2895 — — — 747   5932 — — — 754   8832 — — — 755   4700 — — — 756   9918 — — — 757 
He gives this publick Notice, to prevent any fraudulent Use being made of them. The Honourable William Byrd, Esquire, and his Trustees, made Mr. McCaul a Deed for the above seven Hundred Acres, in July last. JAMES LYLL.
W A N T E D,
A WOMAN of a good Character who is acquainted with House-keeping, and would be willing to take the Charge of a large Family. Inquire of the Printer.
W A N T E D,
TWO JOURNEYMEN TAILORS, who are sober discreet Lads, and complete Workmen. Such may have Encouragement by applying to me in Williamsburg. ROBERT NICOLSON. A Set of BLACKSMITHS TOOLS to be sold cheap. Inquire as above.
To be LET, to the LOWEST BIDDER,
THE BUILDING of a WAREHOUSE at the CAPITOL LANDING, forty Feet by twenty, with one ten Foot Shed. Also the repairing of another Warehouse. Those who incline to undertake the same are desired to attend at Mr. Matthew Moody's, near the Landing, on Tuesday the 10th of next Month, at eleven o'Clock. JOHN PRENTIS.
August 29, 1771.
THOMAS NELSON, Junior. WILLIAM DIGGES, Junior.
By the Virginia, Capt. Robertson, PURDIE and DIXON have imported a fresh Assortment of all Kinds of Paper, fine large Dutch and Hudson Bay Quills, fine Japan Ink, shining Sand, red and black Dutch Sealing Wax, red and black Inkpowder, red Ink in Vials, neat Silver and Steel Pencil Cases, Pewter Ink Chiefs and Stands, Edinburgh Inkpots, red and black Lead Pencils, broad and narrow red Tape, Ivory Folders, Morocco Pocket Books and Als Skin Memorandum Books of different Sizes, best Reading Glasses in Tortoiseshell Cases mounted with Silver, coinmon Ditto, Temple and common Spectacles, German Flutes (some of a new Construction) Violins, Hardamb's best Rappée, &c. &c. Also the following Musick, namely, Instructions for the Harpsichord, Violin, and German Flute; Paspual's Thorough Bafs for the Harpsichord; Beecherini and Burgess Senior's Lessons for the Harpsichord; Midas, the Paddock, and Love in a Village, for the Harpsichord, Voice, German Flute, Violin, or Guitar; the Maid of the Mill, and Cunning Man, for the Harpsichord, Violin, German Flute, and Hautboy; Periodical Overtures for the Harpsichord, Piano Forte, &c. eight Italian Sonatas for two Violins or Flutes, with a Thorough Bafs for the Harpsichord, by several eminent Composers; Tischer's Minuets, with Variations for the Harpsichord; Arnold, Galuppi, and Mazzinghi's Sonatas for the Harpsichord; Paspual, Campian, Sebald, Juff, Pugnan, Florio, Later, and Richter's Sonatas; Stamitz's Concertos, Duets, and grand Orchestra Trios; Gasparini's Trios; Corelli's Solos; Vivaldi's Cuckoo Concertos; Barbella and Reinard's Duets. Mrs. Maddon's Sovereign Oil for Bruises and Strains; Doctor Radcliff's famous Purging Elixir; Bateman's Pectoral Drops; Strongton's Squires, and Daffy's Elixirs; Turlington's Balsam; British Oil, for Consumption, Coughs, and other inward Disorders; Frawley's Female Stergathering Elixir; Hooper's Female Pills; Switzer's Electary for the Stone and Gravel; and Pike's Ointment for the Itch.
GLOUCESTER County, August 29, 1771. THE Subscriber gives this publick Notice, that he is now settled at the Plantation which belonged to the late Mrs. Baty, and where the late Doctor Alexander Dalgleish boarded, with Intent to practise PHYSICK and SURGERY. He now willingly offers his Services to those who may stand in Need of his Assistance, and will be proud to receive their Favors. He has most Sorts of Drugs and Medicines, and many other Things in his Way, all good in their Kinds, to dispose of at a reasonable Price for ready Money. WILLIAM CARTER.
He is inclined either to sell, or rent by the Year, his Dwelling-house and Lots in Poier Street , which may be entered on by the first of October next. For the Terms apply to Mr. John Carter, Merchant in Williamsburg.
COMMITTED to Suffolk Jail, on Suspicion of being a Convict Servant, a Man about five Feet eight or nine Inches high; he has brown Hair, of a fair Complexion with Freckles, says he is a Weaver by Trade, and that he came from Glasgow , but gives various Accounts of himself. Likewise a Negro Man about the same Height, well set, and very black; says he is a Freeman, and at other Times says he has a Master, but will not tell his Master's Name. The Negro has not any Marks that I remember. WILLIAM GRANBERY, Jailer.
TAKEN up by the Subscriber in Buckingham, near Witt's Mountains , on Buffalo Creek a middle sized SORREL MARE about four Feet six or seven Inches high, three or four Years old this Spring, branded upon the near Shoulder with a Woman's Stirrup Iron, and upon the near Buttock thus [], with a little white Spot about two Inches above the Brand; she has a Star in her Forehead, paces naturally, and is not docked. Posted, and appraised to twelve Pounds. JOHN ADCOCK.
For SALE, or to be RENTED for a Term of Years, and entered upon immediately,
THE capital Prize drawn in the Honourable William Byrd's Lottery, consisting of a DOUBLE FORGE and valuable GRISTMILL , with two Acres and a Half of LAND adjoining; also two Thousand Acres of exceeding good LAND, the farthest Part of which is not more than three Miles from the Works. The Land, &c. will be sold, or rented, with or without the Forge and Mill, and laid off in small Parcels to suit Purchasers. Long Credit (if required) will be allowed for greatest Part of the Money, Bond with approved Security being given. I would have no Objection to dispose of one Moiety of the Whole, or the Stream with or without the Land, to a suitable Partner. It is capable of great Improvement, being situated in the Heart of a fine Wheat Country; and, at a small Expense, the Forge may be converted into a good Merchant Mill, which would manufacture a Hundred Thousand Bushels in a Season, besides the Advantage arising from the Gristmill, which is worth, at least, two Hundred Pounds a Year. The Terms will be made agreeable; and the Land and Works may be viewed, at any Time, by applying to Mr. Richard Crump, Merchant at Rocky Ridge. HENRY MORSE.
The UTENSILS, and OLD IRON , belonging to the Forge, will be sold on reasonable Terms. T
To be SOLD, on Thursday the 19th of September, at King William Court,
MY STORES and LOT at West Point , which I advertised some Time ago, but did not describe them. The Storehouses are new, twenty eight Feet by sixteen each, stand close to the Water Side, and are as well finished as any in the Colony. One of them is intended for wet Goods, Grain, &c. and has an exceeding good dry Cellar; the other is for dry Goods, and has a Lodging Room, with a Brick Chimney, at one End, plastered and whitewashed. There is also a very strong new Stable, twelve Feet by sixteen, with an eight Foot Shed at one End, and a Necessary House eight Feet square, quite new. The Lot is posted and railed in. Fifty Pounds Cash to be paid this October General Court, and two Years Credit for the Remainder. JOHN G. FRAZER.
WILLIAMSBURG, August 22, 1771.
JUST imported, a large Quantity of COARSE WOOLLENS, consisting of Kendal and Welsh Cottons, blue and green Plains, Bearskin, Duffels, Fearnoughts, Dutch Blankets of all Sorts, a fine Assortment of Bed Blankets, Worsted and Yarn Stockings, a Variety of Stuffs for Womens Gowns, &c. with other Articles suitable to the Season; they are all well bought, being immediately from the Makers, and the Publick may be assured they will be sold on very reasonable Terms. A Parcel of Ladies flowered Silk Gauze Stockings, at fifteen Shillings a Pair, a Parcel of coarse white Scotch Linens, also Scotch Threads of all Sorts, as usual, Wholesale and Retail. JACOB ALLAN.
JUST imported, a large Quantity of COARSE WOOLLENS, consisting of Kendal and Welsh Cottons, blue and green Plains, Bearskin, Duffels, Fearnoughts, Dutch Blankets of all Sorts, a fine Assortment of Bed Blankets, Worsted and Yarn Stockings, a Variety of Stuffs for Womens Gowns, &c. with other Articles suitable to the Season; they are all well bought, being immediately from the Makers, and the Publick may be assured they will be sold on very reasonable Terms. A Parcel of Ladies flowered Silk Gauze Stockings, at fifteen Shillings a Pair, a Parcel of coarse white Scotch Linens, also Scotch Threads of all Sorts, as usual, Wholesale and Retail. JOHN TURNER.
To dispose of, a Book for teaching the Way of writing the Universal English SHORT HAND , in the most easy, concise, regular, and beautiful Manner; it cost one Guinea Sterling.
VIRGINIA, &c. At a GENERAL COURT held at the Capitol, April 27, 1771.
John Barnes, and Thomas How Ridgate, Merchants, and Plaintiffs, against John Croftie, and William Croftie, James Kirk, Jonathan Hall, and George Gilpin, Defendants,
THE Defendants John and William Croftie being beyond Sea, and not having entered their Appearance according to the Rule of this Court, on the Motion of the Plaintiffs, by their Counsel, it is ordered that the other Defendants, who have Effects of the said John and William Croftie in their Hands, as is suggested, do not pay, convey away, or secrete such Effects, until the farther Order or Decree of this Court concerning the same; but that they deliver up such Effects, or so much thereof as will be of Value sufficient to satisfy the Demand of the Plaintiffs, unto the said Plaintiffs, upon their giving Security to the Clerk of this Court for the Return of such Effects, in such Manner, and to such Person, as the Court shall hereafter adjudge. And it is farther ordered that the said Defendants ( John and William Croftie ) do appear on the first Day of the next Court, to answer the Bill of the Plaintiffs; and that a Copy of this Order be, within fifteen Days, inserted in the VIRGINIA GAZETTE , for two Months successively, and published on some Lord's Day, immediately after divine Service, in the Church of the Parish of Truro , in the County of Fauquier ; and be also posted up at the Front Door of the Capitol, in the City of Williamsburg . BEN: WALLER.
IMPORTED from Glasgow, in the Bogle, Captain Patrick Bogle,
TWO Casks, one of NAILS, the other of COPPERAS , without any Mark or Number. And from London , in the Clearing Nelly , Captain John Carnaby , a large Bundle of ALUM . The Owners may have them, by applying to the Subscriber, at Hibbs's Hole . JAMES LANG.
FREDERICKSBURG, August 20, 1771.
To be SOLD, at the Townhouse in Fredericksburg, on the 24th Day of September next (being the second Day of the Fair) several Articles belonging to the Estate of the late JOHN MERCER, Esquire, deceased ; the Particulars appearing in the Catalogue now published. Credit will be allowed for all Sums above six Pounds until the 25th Day of April next, bearing Interest from the Sale, to be abated if the Principal is paid when due. Five per Cent. Discount will be allowed for ready Money. All Purchasers to give Bond and Security, and those who delay to do so will be considered as not entitled to any Credit. I have reserved the first Day of the Fair for my Clients, and request they will be so obliging as to do their Business with me on that Day, as it will be impossible for me to attend to any other Business than this Sale on the other Days of the Fair. I beg Leave to remind the Purchasers, at the last Sale, that the Bonds will become payable the 23rd of September next; as the Money is really greatly wanting, I earnestly entreat them to be punctual in their Payments. JAMES MERCER.
ACATALOGUE of BOOKS, &c. belonging to the Estate of JOHN MERCER, Esquire, deceased, now remaining, and to be SOLD the 24th of September, 1771.
 F O L I O S.   ANDERSON'S Royal Genealogies. History of the Royal Family.  Baillieville's Royal Bible. Of the latest Edition, neatly gilt and lettered, and bound in red Morocco. Imported by a Subscriber, at six Guineas the first Copy. History of the Ancient Amphitheatres. History of Inland Navigation, the Duke of Bridgewater's Canal, &c.  Beyle's Lexicon Sanmons. 3 Vols.  Bedford's Chronology.  Burnet's History of his own Times. 2 Vols.  Bayle's Dictionary. 5 Vols.  Council of Trent.  Cesar's Commentaries (English).  Chambers's Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. 2 Vols.  Coz's History of Ireland.  Debureau's Creation of the World. French Dictionary.  Guthrie's History. 2 Vols. Review 1 Vol.  Johnston's Dictionary. 2 Vols.  Keaton's History of Ireland.  Mell's Geography. 2 Vols.  Maitland's History of London.  Parthen on the Cicer.  Ratcliff's Gresham College.  Ruthward's Collection. Including the Earl of Stafford's Trial. 8 Vols.  Rapin's History of England, and Time's Coronation. 5 Vols.  Quintary's Complete Gardener.  Salmon's State Trials.  Tillotson's Sermons. 3 Vols.  Treatise on the 5th General Council.  Universal History. Ancient Part. 9 Vols. Modern Part. 6 Vols.  Views of the United Provinces, &c. 3 Vols.    Q U A R T O S.   Anson's Voyage, with Cuts.  Arbuthnot's Tables.  Baker's Microscope.  Harleian Miscellany. The second Volume is wanting; by some Memorandums, it seems it was lent to Mr. Jackson, who lent it to the late Reverend Mr. Murray, of Luffa. Any of his Family, or others, will oblige by returning it before the Sale.  Milton's Works. His Letters, &c. white Minifter, &c. in Prose. 2 Vols.  Salmon's Modern History. 3 Vols.  Saunders's Algebra. 2 Vols.  Willis's Surveying. 3 Vols.    O C T A V O S and under.   Addison's Freeholder.  Atkinson's Epitome of Navigation.  Adams's Sophocles.  Algarotti on Painting.  The True Amazons.  Beauty's Triumph.  Broke's Gazetteer.  The Briton.  Bradley's Complete Husbandry. Ancient Ditto. Country Housewife, Practical Discourses on Farming.  Beauties of Poetry.  Betty Barns.  Baikerville's Common Prayer. Four Sets.  Cleveland.  Clarissa.  Cleopatra.  Cheyne's Philosophical Principles of Religion.  Cicero's Oration.  Cooper's Complete Distiller.  Classical Dictionary.  Common Sense.  Caroline and Lucy Samson.  Complete Housewife.  Cole's English Dictionary.  Complete Angler.  Campbell's Lives of the Admirals.  Dean of Celeraine.  Dufresnoy's Chronological Tables.  Derham's Physico-Theology.  Dialogues on Education.  Davenant on Trade and Commerce.  Dictionary of Rhetoric.  Duck's Poems.  Davenant's Discoveries.  Dublin Society's Observations on Arts and Sciences.  Discourse on Sallads.  Dunciad.  Discourse on the Theban Legion.  Ellis's Modern Husbandman. on Ventilators.  Fenton's Poems.  Fair Greek.  Farmer's Director.  Francis's Horace.  Guardian.  Modern Gazetteer.  Brooke's Ditto.  Etherege's Ditto.  Gordon's Grammar. Cosmography.  Gregory's Practical Geometry.  Green on Philosophy.  The Gentleman Instructed.  Gay's Poems.  Gil Blas.  History of Hungary.  History of Europe, from 1676 to 1700.  Houghton's Husbandry.  The Hive (Songs) 4 Vols.  Hume's Essays.  History of Waterford.    About seven Hundred Ounces of FASHIONABLE PLATE.  A neat COACH, almost new, with Harness for six Horses.  A CHARIOT, quite hand, and in good Repair.  Some HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE.  About two Hundred Weight of HOPS of last Crop.  About four Hundred Weight of extraordinary good WOOL , with a Variety of Woollen and Linen Wheels, Reels, &c.  The beautiful HOTTE RANTER , of his Colt, full blooded, rising three Years, and better than fifteen Hands high, when ever the Purchasers please; also some young Horses and Mares.  A Number of GARDEN FLOWER POTS , of different Sizes.  Some ORANGE, LEMON, and other EVERGREENS , in Boxes and Pots. 

POETS CORNER.
The following JEUS D'ESPRIT were presented by the Honourable HORATIO WALPOLE to four FRENCH LADIES of Eminence, upon a late Visit to him at his Villa at STRAWBERRY HILL.
To Madame DU CHATELET. WHEN beauteous Helen left her native Air, Greece for ten Years in Arms reclaim'd the Fair;
To Madame DE VILLEGAGNON, on the Seizure of her Clothes by the Customhouse Officers.
PARDON, fair Traveller, the Troop That bar'd your Wardrobe's Way;
To Madame DE DAMAS, learning English. THOUGH British Accents your Attention fire, You cannot learn so fast as we admire;
To Madame DE LA VAUPALIERE. SHALL Britain sigh, when favouring Zephyr's Care Wafts to her Shores the bright La Vaupaliere?
HIS Majesty's Postmaster General having (for the better facilitating of Correspondence between Great Britain and America) been pleased to add a fifth Packet Boat to the Station between Falmouth and New York,
THE Subscribers have on Hand about seven or eight Hundred Pounds Sterling Worth of EUROPEAN and EAST INDIA GOODS, which they would sell in the Wholesale Way on reasonable Terms, giving one and two Years Credit.
For SALE, THE following TRACTS of LAND, two thousand Acres in Mecklenburg County, on the Branches of Blue Stone Creek, adjoining the Lands of Colonel Robert Mansford, and Mr. Stephen Evans.
A HUNDRED valuable SLAVES will be sold at Rocky Ridge, for ready Money, or Merchants Notes payable at the ensuing General Court, on Thursday the 26th of September, if fair, otherwise next fair Day.
To be SOLD, A VALUABLE Tract of LAND in Pittsylvania County, lying on Mayo and Smith's Rivers, containing ten Thousand and fifty five Acres.
WANTED, a MILLER that understands the Management of a MERCHANT MILL. A good Recommendation will be necessary.
THE TOBACCO saved at Shocco, Byrd's, Rocky Ridge, and Warwick Warehouses, will be sold publickly, at Richmond, on Wednesday the 4th of September;
COMMITTED to Northumberland Jail, on the 22d of July, a NEGRO MAN, who says his Name is Charles, that he formerly belonged to James Pride, Esquire, of York, and was sold by him, last Year, to Mr. Samuel Griffin.
COMMITTED to Chesterfield Jail, on the 25th of July, a NEGRO MAN named Sam. He says he belongs to Mrs. Elizabeth Wallis, of Norfolk, and that he ran away from on Board a Schooner, one Cassie Master.
STOLEN out of the Subscriber's Desk, between the 1st and 7th Instant, about eighteen Pounds Virginia PAPER MONEY, among which were two Bills of five Pounds, and I think only one less than forty Shillings.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in Lancaster, on the 24th of December last, a Negro Man named WILL, about five Feet eight or nine Inches high, between thirty and forty Years of Age,
TAKEN up by the Subscriber, near Leeds Town, almost thirteen Months ago, a BLACK MARE, about fourteen Hands high, branded on the near Buttock H V, and trots and gallops.
ALL Persons indebted to the Estate of Captain GEORGE HUBBARD, of London, deceased, are desired to make Payment to the Subscriber, who is empowered to act for his Executors.
IMPORTED last Spring (May) in the Katie, Captain Clark, from Glasgow, THREE Tierses of Loaf Sugar, marked CA, No. 1 & 3.
JUST IMPORTED from London, in the Virginia, Captain Robertson, and to be SOLD at the Subscriber's Shop in Williamsburg,
A LARGE and complete Assortment of Drugs and Medicines, chemical and galenical. Also Spices of all Sorts, Jar Raisins, Currants, Prunes, Figs, plain and coloured Comfits, white and brown Sugar Candies, Barley Sugar, Orange Chips, candied Ginger and Eringo, Capers, best Salad and Barbary Oil, best Durham Flower of Mustard, Sago, Vermicelli, Salop, Pearl Barley, fine rich old Sack and Rhenish Wines, Saltpeper, Red and white Lead, Verdigris, Prussian Blue and Vermilion, Anderson's, Lockyer's, and Agard's Pills,
To be SOLD by the SUBSCRIBERS, at their Store in PORTSMOUTH, LOAF, Lump, and Muscovado Sugar, Jamaica Spirits, Antigua and Northward Rum, Chocolate, Madeira Wine London Quality five Years old,
To be SOLD to the highest Bidder, upon the Premises, on the 25th Day of October next,
A TRACT of LAND in Dinwiddie County, on the Branches of Namaxen Creek, near Hutchings's Ordinary, about twenty Miles from Petersburg, containing eight Hundred and forty five Acres.
TAKEN up, in Amelia, a red and white COW, marked with a Crop and two Slits in the right Ear, and an Underkeel in the left.
ENSURANCE OFFICE, BALTIMORE TOWN, MARYLAND, JULY 29, 1771. I TAKE this Method to acquaint all Gentlemen, Merchants, and Masters of Ships or Vessels,
I HEREBY beg Leave to inform my old Clients, as well as the Publick in general, that I shall again attend Louisa County Court to practise the LAW.
STRAYED or stolen from the Subscriber, near Fredericksburg, a GRAY HORSE, about four Feet seven Inches high, not branded, has a remarkable Scar over his left Eye,
RUN away from Williamsburg, on Sunday last, a Convict Servant Man named ANDREW FRANKS, a Ropemaker by Trade, and can play very well on the Violin.
RUN away from the Subscriber, in Dinwiddie, a NEGRO MAN named DAVIS, about twenty six Years of Age, near six Feet high, and remarkable likely, but has a Scar under his right Eye.
To be SOLD to the highest Bidder, on Monday the 16th of September, at Dinwiddie Courthouse, being Court Day,
THE Land and Plantation whereon Mr. William Gunn now lives, near Lewellin Jones's Bridge, on Nottoway River, whereon are a Dwellinghouse with four Rooms on a Floor, a Barn thirty two Feet by sixteen,
For SALE, and may be entered on immediately, THE LOT and HOUSES, near Cabin Point Warehouses, at present occupied by Mr. Walter Peter.
AS I intend to remove up the Country next Fall, I would sell my Plantation in King & Queen County, which consists of six Hundred and fifty five Acres of LAND, pleasantly situated on Mattapony River,
VIRGINIA, sc. At a GENERAL COURT held at the Capitol, May 4, 1771. John McDowall, Plaintiff, against Ebenezer McCulloch, and George Young, of Edinburgh, North Britain, Bankrupts,
To be SOLD at Fredericksburg, on Monday the 23d of September, being Fair Day (the Sale formerly advertised being prevented by Badness of Weather) ABOUT fifty choice SLAVES, used to Copping and Farming.
CHARLESTOWN, South Carolina, April 11, 1771. THE St. CECILIA SOCIETY give Notice, that they will engage with, and give suitable Encouragement to, MUSICIANS properly qualified to perform at their CONCERT,
To be SOLD, A VALUABLE Tract of LAND, containing five Thousand five Hundred and fifty seven Acres, in Ward's Fork, Charlotte County, which is in fine Order for Copping, having all convenient Houses, Barns, Negro Quarters, &c.
To be SOLD, on long Credit, the three following Tracts of LAND, viz. ONE Tract containing four Hundred Acres, lying in Spotsylvania County, on the Head of Bluff Run, about eighteen Miles from Fredericksburg.